-
1 pojasniti
clarify, enlighten, explain -
2 berstъ
berstъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: b/c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elm'Page in Trubačev: I 199-200Russian:bérest `elm' [m o], béresta [Gens] \{1\}Belorussian:bérast `elm' [m o], bérasta [Gens]Ukrainian:bérest `elm' [m o], béresta [Gens]Czech:břest `elm' [m o]Slovak:Polish:brzóst (dial.) `elm' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:brȉjest `elm' [m o], brijèsta [Gens];Čak. brĩst (Vrgada) `a herb similar to rosemary' [m o], brīstȁ [Gens];brést (Novi) `elm' [m o], brēstȁ [Gens];Čak. briȇs (Orbanići) `elm' [m o], brȅsta [Gens]Slovene:brẹ́st `elm' [m o]Bulgarian:Comments: If we assume that * berstъ is cognate with -> *bèrza, which has an acute root, we must explain the variant belonging AP (b). In my view, a form bʰerHǵ-tó- (admittedly with slightly unexpected end-stress) would remain oxytone in Balto-Slavic, in which case the root would be affected by the Proto-Slavic loss of pretonic laryngeals. As I consider it possible that the generalization of accentual mobility in masculine o-stems with a non-acute root vowel did not apply to the marginal class of Balto-Slavic oxytona, Illič-Svityč's reconstruction of a substantivized neuter adjective is not necessarily correct.Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Illič-Svityč (1963: 52), mentions a Gsg. berestá (dial.). -
3 čakati
čakati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wait, await, expect'Page in Trubačev: IV 13Old Czech:Slovak:Polish:czakać (Sil. dial.) `wait, await' [verb]Old Polish:czakać `wait, await' [verb]Upper Sorbian:čakać `wait, await' [verb]Lower Sorbian:čakaś `wait, await' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:čȁkati (RJA) `wait, await, expect' [verb];Kajk. čȍkati (Bednja) `wait, await, expect' [verb], čȃokam [1sg]Slovene:čákati `wait, await' [verb], čákam [1sg]Bulgarian:čákam `wait, await' [verb] -
4 drozdъ
drozdъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c (/b?) Proto-Slavic meaning: `thrush'Page in Trubačev: V 126-127Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:drȯ́u̯zd `thrush' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:drȏzd `thrush' [m o];drȏzak `thrush' [m o], drȏzga [Gens];drȏzak `thrush' [m o], drȍzga [Gens];Čak. drȍzak `thrush' [m o], drȍzga [Accs]Slovene:drǫ̑zd `thrush' [m o];Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: trozdósLithuanian:Latvian:Old Prussian:tresde `thrush'Indo-European reconstruction: trozd-o-Comments: In order to explain why * drozdъ was not, or rather only partly affected by the generalization of accentual mobilty in masculine o-stems, Illič-Svityč (1963: 45) reconstructs an u -stem, referring to OIc. ʮrǫstr < *-uz. I am inclined to consider the possibility that owing to the cluster - zd-, which prevented the Balto-Slavic retraction called Ebeling's law, *drozdъ belonged to a marginal oxytone type that in principle merged with AP (b). In that case it is no longer necessary to posit a u-stem. It must be said, by the way, that the evidence for AP (c) seems to outweigh the evidence for (c).Other cognates:OIc. ʮrǫstr `thrush'Notes: -
5 emešь
emešь; emežь Grammatical information: m. jo Proto-Slavic meaning: `ploughshare, plough'Page in Trubačev: -Church Slavic:Russian:oméš `ploughshare' [m jo];oméž `ploughshare' [m jo];ómež `ploughshare' [m jo]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jèmeš (dial.) `plough' [m jo];jèmlješ (dial.) `plough' [m jo]Bulgarian:émeš `ploughshare' [m jo];émež `ploughshare' [m jo];eméž `ploughshare' [m jo];ímež `ploughshare' [m jo]Macedonian:émeš (dial.) `plough' [m jo]Page in Pokorny: 674Comments: In order to explain the variation between initial l- and initial j-/0- Popowska-Taborska (1984) has proposed a change l'- > j-. This seems unlikely. -
6 emežь
emešь; emežь Grammatical information: m. jo Proto-Slavic meaning: `ploughshare, plough'Page in Trubačev: -Church Slavic:Russian:oméš `ploughshare' [m jo];oméž `ploughshare' [m jo];ómež `ploughshare' [m jo]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jèmeš (dial.) `plough' [m jo];jèmlješ (dial.) `plough' [m jo]Bulgarian:émeš `ploughshare' [m jo];émež `ploughshare' [m jo];eméž `ploughshare' [m jo];ímež `ploughshare' [m jo]Macedonian:émeš (dial.) `plough' [m jo]Page in Pokorny: 674Comments: In order to explain the variation between initial l- and initial j-/0- Popowska-Taborska (1984) has proposed a change l'- > j-. This seems unlikely. -
7 sъdòrvъ
sъdòrvъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `healthy'Old Church Slavic:Russian:zdoróvyj `healthy' [adj o];zdoróv `healthy' [adj o], zdorová [Nomsf], zdorovó [Nomsn] \{1\}Old Russian:Czech:zdravý `healthy' [adj o]Slovak:zdravý `healthy' [adj o]Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:zdrȁv `healthy' [adj o];Čak. zdrå̃v `healthy' [adj o], zdrȁva [Nomsf], zdravȁ [Nomsf];Čak. zdrãf `healthy' [adj o], zdrȁva [Nomsf], zdrȁvo [Nomsn]Slovene:zdràv `healthy' [adj o], zdráva [Nomsf]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₁su-dʰor-uo-Comments: A reconstruction *h₁su-dor(H)uo- - with the root of * dervo - would leave us with the problem why Winter's law did not affect the first member of the compound, cf. Lith. sū́drus `thick, dense'. It seems to me that Meillet's etymology (1902-1905: 364), according to which * sъdravъ is cognate with Skt. dhruvá- `firm, solid' and Av. druua- `in good health' is preferable. To explain the prosodic characteristics of the noun one could posit a seṭ variant *dʰorH- (cf. Le Feuvre 2006: 240-241), but this is not necessary, as *sъdòrvъ may originate from *sъ̀dorvъ as a result of Dybo's law, cf. Ru. ogoród `kitchen-garden'.Other cognates:Skt. dhruvá- `fixed, firm' [adj];Notes:\{1\} AP (a) in Old Russian (Zaliznjak 1985: 133). -
8 vьdovà
vьdovà Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `widow'Old Church Slavic:Russian:vdová `widow' [f ā], vdovú [Accs]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:udòvica `widow' [f jā];Čak. udovȉca (Vrgada, Orbanići) `widow' [f jā]Slovene:vdọ̑va `widow' [f ā]Bulgarian:vdovíca `widow' [f jā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: u̯ideuHOld Prussian:widdewū `widow'Indo-European reconstruction: h₁uidʰ-(e)uh₂-Comments: According to Kortlandt (1997: 161), this etymon continues a hysterodynamic uh₂-stem. In his view, the e-grade of the Asg. must have spread to the Nsg at an early stage of Balto-Slavic, i.e. before the development *eu > *ou before a vowel because otherwise the medial front vowel of OPr. widdewū is hard to explain.Other cognates:Skt. vidhávā- (RV+) `widow' [f];Notes: -
9 xoditi
xoditi Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `go, walk'Page in Trubačev: VIII 48-49Old Church Slavic:Russian:xodít' `go, walk' [verb], xožú [1sg], xódit [3sg]Czech:Slovak:Polish:chodzić `go, walk' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:hòditi `go, walk' [verb], hȍdīm [1sg];Čak. hodȉti (Vrgada) `go, walk' [verb];Čak. hodȉt (Orbanići) `go, walk' [verb], hȍdin [1sg]Slovene:hóditi `go, walk' [verb], hǫ́dim [Gens]Bulgarian:xódja `go, walk' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: sod-Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 884Comments: The initial x is thought to have originated after prefixes triggering the "ruki-rule" (e.g. pri-, u-). In order to explain the absence of the effects of Winter's law, Kortlandt assumes that xoditi replaces a reduplicated present *sizd-, where the law would not apply (Kortlandt 1988: 394).Other cognates: -
10 xȏdъ
xȏdъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `motion, movement'Page in Trubačev: VIII 51-52Old Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:hȏd `motion, movement, speed' [m o], hȍda [Gens];Čak. hȏd (Vrgada) `motion, movement, speed' [m o], hȍda [Gens];Čak. huȏt (Orbanići) `walk, walking' [m o], hȍda [Gens]Slovene:hòd `motion, movement, walking' [m o], hóda [Gens];hǫ̑d `motion, movement, walking' [m o], hodȃ [Gens]Bulgarian:Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 884Other cognates:Notes:
См. также в других словарях:
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