(disposition

disposition

κακοηθείᾱς, κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem acc pl

κακοηθείᾱς, κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

κακοηθείᾱς, κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem acc pl (ionic)

κακοηθείᾱς, κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem gen sg (attic doric ionic aeolic)

διάθεσις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] διατίθημι)

A placing in order, arrangement (

ἡ τοῦ ἔχοντος μέρη τάξις Arist.Metaph. 1022b1

), Antipho Soph.24a;

πολιτείας Pl.Lg. 710b

;

τῶν ξενίων Id.Ti. 27a

.

2 disposition or composition in a work of art (opp. εὕρεσις), Id.Phdr. 236a; opp.ἱστορία, μῦθος, Plb. 34.4.1, Plu.Arat.32, etc.;

δ. ᾠδῆς Eup.303

;

τῶν ἐπῶν Phryn.Com. 55

; plan of a building, Plu.Per.13; subject of a picture, etc., Polem. ap. Ath.5.210b;

δ. μυθολογίας Plu.2.16b

; representation in a play, Hero Aut.20.2: in pl., word-painting, Plu.2.17b; of geographical description, Str.1.1.16; rhetorical art,

μετ' αὐξήσεως καὶ διαθέσεως Plb.2.61.1

.

b in oratory, delivery, Plu.Dem.7;

δ. σώματός τε καὶ τόνου φωνῆς Longin.Rh.p.194H.

3 disposition of property, will, testament, = διαθήκη, Lys.Fr.44, Pl.Lg. 922b.

4 disposing of, sale,

τῶν περιόντων Isoc.11.14

, cf. PTeb.38.10 (ii B.C.), Str.11.2.12, Plu.Sol. 24; οἷς δ. εὔπορος, perh. means of disposing of it, of making away with it, Arist.Rh. 1372a33 (possibly, inventive disposition).

5 δ. ἔγγραφος written report, POxy.52.13 (iv A.D.).

6 = διάθεμα, Procl.inCra.p.10P.(pl.).

II (from [voice] Pass.) bodily state, condition, Hp.VM7, Arist.GA 778b34;

δ. τοῦ σώματος Philem.95.4

; δ. ὑγιεινή, νοσώδης, Gal.5.826, 17(2).238; ἕξις defined as

δ. μόνιμος Id.5.826

;

νευρικὴ δ. OGI331.11

(Pergam.); of the mind, Antipho Soph. 24a;

ἕξις ψυχῆς καὶ δ. Pl.Phlb. 11d

; distd. from ἕξις, Arist.Cat. 8b28, de An. 417b15, Zeno and Chrysipp.Stoic.1.50, 3.111;

δ. ἁμαρτωλός Phld.Lib.p.560

., al.; δ. σωματική, ψυχική, A.D.Synt.278.10: pl., Diotog. ap. Stob.4.7.62.

b disposition towards persons, Pl.R. 489a; propensity, Cic.Att.14.3.2; πρός τινα Sch.E.Hec.8.

2 generally, state, condition,

τὴν βασιγείαν εἰς τὴν ἀρχαίαν δ. κατέστησεν OGI 219.11

(Sigeum, iv/iii B.C.).

3 Gramm., force, function, τοῦ ὀνόματος δ. εἰσὶ δύο, ἐνέργεια καὶ πάθος (e.g. κριτής, κριτός) D.T.637.29; esp. of the voices of the verb,

δ. εἰσὶ τρεῖς, ἐνέργεια, πάθος, μεσότης Id.638.8

; δ. παθητική, μέση, A.D.Synt.210.19, 226.10; also of tense, χρονικὴ δ. ib.251.1 (s.v.l.); διαβατικὴ δ. transitive force, ib.43.18.

διαθήκη, ης, ἡ (Democr., Aristoph.+; ins, pap, LXX, En, TestSol, TestAbr, Test12Patr; ParJer 6:21; ApcEsdr, ApcMos; AssMos Fgm. a; Philo, Joseph., Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 14) apart from the simplex θήκη ‘case, chest’, for the mng. of this word one must begin with the mid. form of the verb διατίθεμαι, which is freq. used in legal and commercial discourse of disposition of things (s. L-S-J-M s.v. διατιθημι B), w. implication of promissory obligation. Disposition of one’s personal effects would naturally come under testamentary law, hence

① last will and testament (so exclusively in Hellenistic times, Eger [s. 3 below] 99 note; exx. e.g. in Riggenbach 292ff; Behm 10, 1; 2; Philo, Joseph., Test12Patr; loanw. in rabb.) Hb 9:16f; δ. κεκυρωμένη a will that has been ratified Gal 3:15; cp. 17, where δ. shades into mng. 2 (s. κυρόω 1, προκυρόω); s. also EBammel, below, and JSwetnam, CBQ 27, ’65, 373–90. On Jewish perspective s. RKatzoff, An Interpretation of PYadin 19—A Jewish Gift after Death: ProcXXCongPap 562–65.

② As a transl. of בְּרִית in LXX δ. retains the component of legal disposition of personal goods while omitting that of the anticipated death of a testator. A Hellenistic reader would experience no confusion, for it was a foregone conclusion that gods were immortal. Hence a δ. decreed by God cannot require the death of the testator to make it operative. Nevertheless, another essential characteristic of a testament is retained, namely that it is the declaration of one person’s initiative, not the result of an agreement betw. two parties, like a compact or a contract. This is beyond doubt one of the main reasons why the LXX rendered בְּרִית by δ. In the ‘covenants’ of God, it was God alone who set the conditions; hence covenant (s. OED s.v. ‘covenant’ sb. 7) can be used to trans. δ. only when this is kept in mind. So δ. acquires a mng. in LXX which cannot be paralleled w. certainty in extra-Biblical sources, namely ‘decree’, ‘declaration of purpose’, ‘set of regulations’, etc. Our lit., which is very strongly influenced by LXX in this area, seems as a rule to have understood the word in these senses (JHughes, NovT 21, ’79, 27–96 [also Hb 9:16–20; Gal 3:15–17]). God has issued a declaration of his purpose Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21); 1 Cl 15:4 (Ps 77:37); 35:7 (Ps 49:16), which God bears in mind (cp. Ps 104:8f; 105:45 al.) Lk 1:72; it goes back to ancestral days Ac 3:25 (PsSol 9:10; ParJer 6:21). God also issued an ordinance (of circumcision) 7:8 (cp. Gen 17:10ff). Since God’s holy will was set forth on more than one occasion (Gen 6:18; 9:9ff; 15:18; 17:2ff; Ex 19:5 and oft.), one may speak of διαθῆκαι decrees, assurances (cp. διαθῆκαι πατέρων Wsd 18:22; 2 Macc 8:15.—But the pl. is also used for a single testament: Diog. L. 4, 44; 5, 16. In quoting or referring to Theophr. sometimes the sing. [Diog. L. 5, 52; 56] is used, sometimes the pl. [5, 51; 57]) Ro 9:4; Eph 2:12. Much emphasis is laid on the δ. καινή, mentioned as early as Jer 38:31, which God planned for future disposition (Hb 8:8–10; 10:16). God’s decree or covenant directed toward the Christians is a καινὴ δ. (δ. δευτέρα Orig., C. Cels. 2, 75) Lk 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25; 2 Cor 3:6; Hb 8:8; 9:15a; PtK 2 p. 15, 5, or δ. νέα Hb 12:24; PtK 2 p. 15, 6 which, as a δ. αἰώνιος (cp. Jer 39:40; En 99:2) Hb 13:20, far excels 7:22; 8:6 the παλαιὰ δ. 2 Cor 3:14, or πρώτη δ. Hb 9:15b, with which it is contrasted. Both are mentioned (Did., Gen. 46, 4; 235, 26) Gal 4:24; B 4:6ff (Ex 34:28; 31:18; Just., D. 67, 9). Blood was shed when the old covenant was proclaimed at Sinai Hb 9:20 (Ex 24:8); the same is true of the new covenant Hb 10:29. τὸ αἷμά μου τ. διαθήκης Mt 26:28; Mk 14:24 (ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht², ’63, 122–29) is prob. to be understood in connection w. this blood (s. WWrede, ZNW 1, 1900, 69–74; TRobinson, My Blood of the Covenant: KMarti Festschr. 1925, 232–37; for a critique of this view s. GWalther, Jesus, D. Passalamm des Neuen Bundes, ’50, 22–27 and JJeremias TLZ, ’51, 547. For Syriac background JEmerton, JTS 13, ’62, 111–17; s. also ÉDelebrecque, Études grecques sur l’vangile de Luc ’76, 109–21).—The v.l. Lk 22:29 may be derived from Jer 39:40 or Is 55:3 LXX (for the cognate acc. s. Aristoph., Aves 440).—δ. may also be transl. decree in the Ep. of Barnabas (4:6ff; 6:19; 9:6; 13:1, 6; 14:1ff δ. δοῦναί τινι); but the freq. occurrence of the idea of inheritance (6:19; 13:1, 6; 14:4f), makes it likely that the ‘decree’ is to be thought of as part of a will.

③ The mng. compact, contract seems firmly established for Gr-Rom. times (FNorton, A Lexicographical and Historical Study of Διαθήκη, Chicago 1908, 31ff; EBruck, D. Schenkung auf d. Todesfall im griech. u. röm. Recht I 1909, 115ff; JWackernagel, D. Kultur d. Gegenw. I 8² 1907, 309). It remains doubtful whether this mng. has influenced our lit. here and there (exc. quite prob. Lk 22:29 v.l. with its administrative tenor; the phrase διατίθεμαι δ. as Aristoph., Av. 440 of a treaty agreement), but the usage of the term δ. in such sense would again serve as a bridge to LXX usage.—The expr. ἡ κιβωτὸς τ. διαθήκης covenant chest i.e. the sacred box (Eng. ‘ark’ as loanw. from Lat. arca) that symbolized God’s pledge of presence w. Israel (Ex 31:7; 39:14 al.) Hb 9:4; Rv 11:19 or αἱ πλάκες τ. διαθ. (Ex 34:28; Dt 9:9, 11) Hb 9:4 would have required some acquaintance with Israelite tradition on the part of ancient readers.—ERiggenbach, D. Begriff d. Διαθήκη im Hb: Theol. Stud. f. TZahn 1908, 289ff, Hb² 1922, 205ff al.; ACarr, Covenant or Testament?: Exp. 7th ser., 7, 1909, 347ff; JBehm, D. Begriff D. im NT 1912; ELohmeyer, Diatheke 1913; WFerguson, Legal Terms Common to the Macedonian Inscr. and the NT, 1913, 42–46 (testamentary exhibits); HKennedy, Exp. 8th ser., 10, 1915, 385ff; GVos, Hebrews, the Epistle of the Diatheke: PTR 13, 1915, 587–632; 14, 1916, 1–61; OEger, ZNW 18, 1918, 84–108; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 496–505; LdaFonseca, Διαθήκη foedus an testamentum?: Biblica 8, 1927; 9, 1928; EBammel, Gottes διαθήκη (Gal 3:15–17) u. d. jüd. Rechtsdenken, NTS 6, ’60, 313–19; NDow, A Select Bibliography on the Concept of Covenant, Austin Seminary Bulletin 78, 6, ’63; CRoetzel, Biblica 51, ’70, 377–90 (Ro 9:4); DMcCarthy, Berit and Covenant (Deut.), ’72, 65–85; EChristiansen, The Covenant in Judaism and Paul ’95.—DELG s.v. θήκη. M-M. TW. Sv.

διάταξις

disposition: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)

διατάξεϊ, διάταξις

disposition: fem dat sg (epic)

διάταξις

disposition: fem dat sg (attic ionic)

διατάσσω

appoint: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)

διατάσσω

appoint: fut ind mid 2nd sg

διατάσσω

appoint: fut ind act 3rd sg

διατάσσω

appoint: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)

διατάσσω

appoint: fut ind mid 2nd sg

διατάσσω

appoint: fut ind act 3rd sg

διατά̱ξει, διατήκω

melt: fut ind mid 2nd sg (doric)

διατά̱ξει, διατήκω

melt: fut ind act 3rd sg (doric)

διάταξις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] διατάσσω)

A disposition, arrangement, of troops, Hdt.9.26;

ἡ δ. τῶν φυλάκων D.18.248

; disposition of the elements, Pl.Ti. 53b;

ταύτην ὁ κόσμος ἔχει τὴν δ. Arist.Cael. 300b25

; of a treatise, Ph.Bel.49.4; Rhet., arrangement of topics, Luc.Hist.Conscr. 24.

II command, LXXPs.118(119).91, Plb.4.19.10, Phld.Herc. 1251.20, Po.2.48 (pl.); testamentary disposition, Plb.4.87.5; compact, Id.8.16.12.

2 imperial constitution, θεῖαι δ. WilckenChr. 41 iii 20 (iii A. D.);

κατὰ διάταξιν τοῦ Ἁδριανοῦ BGU1022.9

(ii A. D.); νεαραὶ δ., title of Justinian's Novels; of the decree of the praefectus Aegypti, WilckenChr.27.10 (ii A. D.).

τάξις, εως, [dialect] Ion. ιος, ἡ, ([etym.] τάσσω)

A arranging, arrangement:

I in military sense:

1 drawing up in rank and file, order or disposition of an army, Th.5.68 (init.), 7.5, etc.; τὰ ἀμφὶ τάξεις rules for it, tactics, X.An.2.1.7;

τ. καὶ ἀντίταξις Phld.Piet.12

.

2 battle array, order of battle,

κατὰ τάξιν Hdt.8.86

;

ἐν τάξει Th.4.72

, etc.; ἐς τάξιν καθίστασθαι, ἀνάγειν, ib.93, Ar.Av. 400 (anap.); ἵνα μὴ διασπασθείη ἡ τ. Th.5.70; of ships,

ἀποπλῶσαι ἐκ τῆς τάξιος Hdt.6.14

.

3 a single rank or line of soldiers, ἐπὶ τάξιας ὀλίγας γίγνεσθαι to be drawn up a few lines deep, ib. 111, cf. 9.31;

ἐλύθησαν αἱ τ. τῶν Περσῶν Pl.La. 191c

.

4 body of soldiers, A.Pers. 298, S.OC 1311; esp. at Athens, the quota of infantry furnished by each φυλή (cf.

ταξίαρχος 11

), Lys.16.16; but freq. of smaller bodies, company, X.An. 1.2.16, 6.5.11, etc.; ἱππέων τ. ib.1.8.21; so of ships, squadron, A.Pers. 380: generally, band, company, φιλία γὰρ ἥδε τ., of the chorus, Id.Pr. 128 (lyr.);

ἐμφανίσας μοι ἐν ᾗ ἔσομαι τάξει PCair.Zen. 409.6

(iii B.C.).

b esp. a contingent of 128 men, Ascl.Tact.2.8, Arr.Tact.10.2, Ael.Tact.9.3.

c in late Gr., membership of the militia palatina (cf. ταξεώτης), Lib.Or.27.17.

5 post or place in the line of battle, ἀξιεύμεθα ταύτης τῆς τ. Hdt.9.26, cf. 27;

ἐν τῇ τ. εἶχε ἑωυτόν Id.1.82

; μένειν ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ τ. Id.3.158;

τ. φυλάξων E.Rh. 664

;

ἡ τ. φυλακτέα X.Cyr.5.3.43

;

ᾗ ἕκαστος τὴν τ. εἶχεν Id.An. 4.3.29

;

τῆς πρώτης τ. τεταγμένος Lys.14.11

, cf. Th.5.68 (fin.); ἐκλιπόντας τὴν τ. Hdt.5.75, cf. 9.21; λείπειν τὴν τ. And.1.74, Pl.Ap. 29a, D.13.34, 15.32, Aeschin.3.159, etc.;

παραχωρεῖν τῆς τάξεως D.3.36

, etc.; but ἡγεμὼν ἔξω τάξεων officer on the unattached list, Arch.Pap.3.188, cf. Sammelb. 599, OGI 69 ([place name] Coptos); so οἱ ἔξω τάξεως staff-officers, aides-de-camp, D.S.19.22.

II generally, arrangement, order,

ἡμερῶν τ. εἰς μηνῶν περιόδους Pl.Lg. 809d

; ἡ τῶν ὅλων τ. X.Cyr.8.7.22; disposition,

τῆς ψυχῆς Gorg.Hel.14

: Rhet., disposition, opp. λέξις, Arist.Rh. 1414a29;

ἡ τ. τοῦ λόγου Aeschin.3.205

, cf. D.18.2, Sor.1.18, Gal.Libr.Ord.1; ὕστερον τῇ τ. D.3.15, cf. Gal.6.68, 16.533; ἐν τ. εἶναι, = μένειν, Pl.Tht. 153e;

τ. καὶ ἠρεμία Arist.EE 1218a23

;

εἰ τὰ γυμνάσια ἔχοι τὴν τ. ἐνταῦθα Id.Pol. 1331a37

; difft. from θέσις or mere position, Id.Ph. 188a24, Thphr.Sens. 60 ( θέσεως τ. Gal.6.194; τ. θέσεως is dub. l. in 16.709); ἡ κατὰ τ. τινὰ βασιλεία, opp. ἀόριστος τυραννίς, Arist.Rh. 1366a2; καὶ τοῦτο κατὰ τ., ἕως.. and so on, until.., Sor.2.62.

2 order, regularity,

εἰς τ. ἄγειν ἐκ τῆς ἀταξίας Pl.Ti. 30a

;

τ. καὶ κόσμος Id.Grg. 504a

; οὔτε νόμος οὔτε τ. Id.Lg. 875c, cf. R. 587a;

τ. περιόδου Epicur.Ep.2p.42U.

;

διὰ τάξεως γίγνεσθαι Pl.Lg. 780a

; τάξιν ἔχειν to be regular, Thphr. HP3.9.6; ἐν τάξει in an orderly manner, Pl.Lg. 637e; so

τάξει SIG741.12

(Nysa, i B.C., rendering of Lat. ordine).

3 ordinance,

κατὰ τὴν τ. τοῦ νόμου Pl.Lg. 925b

; παρὰ τὴν τοῦ νομοθέτου τ. Id.Plt. 305c, etc.

b prescription, τὴν τοῦ λυσιτελοῦντος τοῖς σώμασι ποιεῖσθαι τ. Id.Plt. 294e; recipe, cj. in PHolm.2.2.

4 τ. τοῦ φόρου assessment of tribute, X.Ath.3.5, cf. IG12.63.2, al.; τῶν ὀφειλημάτων περὶ τῆς πράξεως ib.57.13, cf. Lex ap.D.24.45; τ. τῆς ὑδρείας a ration of water, Pl.Lg. 844b.

5 political order, constitution, τ. Κρητική, Λακωνική, etc., Arist.Pol. 1271b40, cf. Ath.3.1, al.

III metaph. from 1.5, post, rank, position, station,

ὑπὸ χθόνα τάξιν ἔχουσα A.Eu. 396

(lyr.); ἡ τῶν ἀκοντιζόντων τ. Antipho 3.2.7; ἰδία τοῦ βίου τ. Isoc. 6.2; ἀνὴρ τῆς πρώτης τ. CIG2767.4 ([place name] Aphrodisias); οἰκέτου τ. D.18.258, cf. PGnom.43, 196 (ii A.D.), Mitteis Chr. 372 v 18 (ii A.D.);

τ. ἔχοντος ἐν τῷ Μουσείῳ Sammelb.6674.10

(ii A.D.); ἐν τῇ Θετταλῶν τάξει ranging herself with the T., D.18.63; ἐν ἐχθροῦ τ. as an enemy, Id.20.81, etc.; ἐν ἐπηρείας τάξει by way of insult, Id.18.13; ἀδύνατον εἶχεν τ. occupied an impossible position, i.e. was unthinkable, Hyp.(?) Oxy.1607.60; τὴν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἑλόμενον τάξιν πολιτεύεσθαι championship of your cause, D.18.138, cf. Ep.3.15; ἐγὼ τὴν τῆς εὐνοίας τ... οὐκ ἔλιπον post of patriotism, Id.18.173.

IV order, class of men, X.Mem. 2.1.7; function, D.13.19.

2 list, register, ὅπως ταγῇ αὐτοῦ τὸ ὄνομα ἐν τῇ τῶν τετελευτηκότων τ. Sammelb.7359.15, cf. 7404.6, PSI9.1064.38, 10.1141.10 (all ii A.D.);

ἡ τ. τῶν κατοχίμων PTeb.318.21

(ii A.D.);

τ. λαογράφων PLond.2.182b2

(ii A.D.).

3 account,

ἰδίας τάξεως POxy.61.8

(iii A.D.), cf. PLond.3.1107.26,30 (iii A.D.).

4 payment, ib.966.3 (iv A.D., cf. Arch.Pap.4.533).

5 category of land, κατοικικὴ τ. BGU379.12 (i A.D.), cf. Wilcken Chr.341.15 (ii A.D.), etc.

V reduction of hernia by manipulation, Gal.14.781.

VI degree of heating power in drugs, Id.11.571,787, cf. Gorg.Hel. 14.

VII treatise, ἐν τῇ ὑστέρᾳ τ. Ps.-Democr. ap. Zos.Alch.p.153 B.

VIII fixed point of time, term,

κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν ἢ κατά τινα ἄλλην τ. ἢ χρόνον Arist.Pol. 1261a34

; end (or perh. date fixed for the end),

μέχρι τάξεως αὐτῆς τῆς τρύγης Sammelb.5810.15

(iv A.D.).

φύσις, εως, ἡ (φύω; Hom.+)

① condition or circumstance as determined by birth, natural endowment/condition, nature, esp. as inherited fr. one’s ancestors, in contrast to status or characteristics that are acquired after birth (Isocr. 4, 105 φύσει πολίτης; Isaeus 6, 28 φύσει υἱός; Pla., Menex. 245d φύσει βάρβαροι, νόμῳ Ἕλληνες; Just., A I, 1, 1 Καίσαρος φύσει υἱῷ; SIG 720, 3; OGI 472, 4; 558, 6 al.; PFay 19, 11.—Theoph. Ant. 1, 13 [p. 86, 16]) ἡμεῖς φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι Gal 2:15 (cp. Ptolemaeus, Περὶ Ἡρῴδου τ. βασιλέως: no. 199 Jac. [I A.D.] Ἰουδαῖοι … ἐξ ἀρχῆς φυσικοί; Jos., Ant. 7, 130; φύσει Λιμναίου IK XXXVII, 15, 3 of the birth daughter of L. in contrast to her adoptive relationship w. one named Arsas). ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία the uncircumcision that is so by nature (a ref. to non-Israelites, who lack the moral cultivation of those who are circumcised and yet ‘observe the upright requirements of the law’ [Ro 2:26]. Israelites who violate their responsibilities to God, despite their privileged position indicated by receipt of circumcision and special revelation, run the risk of placing themselves in the condition of the uncircumcised) Ro 2:27. ἤμεθα τέκνα φύσει ὀργῆς we were, in our natural condition (as descendants of Adam), subject to (God’s) wrath Eph 2:3 (the position of φύσει betw. the two words as Plut., Mor. 701a; DTurner, Grace Theological Journal 1, ’80, 195–219). The Christians of Tralles have a blameless disposition οὐ κατὰ χρῆσιν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ φύσιν not from habit, but by nature ITr 1:1 (here the contrast is between perfunctory virtue and spontaneous or instinctive behavior; Pindar sim. extolled the virtues of athletes who, in contrast to those w. mere acquired learning, reflected their ancestral breeding for excellence: O. 7, 90–92; P. 10, 11–14; N. 3, 40–42; 6, 8–16). οἱ κατὰ φύσιν κλάδοι the natural branches Ro 11:21, 24c. ἡ κατὰ φύσιν ἀγριέλαιος a tree which by nature is a wild olive vs. 24a; opp. παρὰ φύσιν contrary to nature vs. 24b; s. lit. s.v. ἀγριέλαιος and ἐλαία 1. On κατὰ and παρὰ φύσιν s. MPohlenz, Die Stoa I ’48, 488c.

② the natural character of an entity, natural characteristic/disposition (χρυσὸς … τὴν ἰδίαν φ. διαφυλάττει Iren. 1, 6, 2 [Harv. I 55, 2]; Hippol., Ref. 5, 8, 12) ἡ φύσις ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη human nature (Pla., Tht. 149b, Tim. 90c; Aristot. 1286b, 27; Epict. 2, 20, 18; Philo, Ebr. 166 al.; Aelian, VH 8, 11 τῶν ἀνθρώπων φύσις θνητή; TestJob 3:3 ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη φ.; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 52, 13; Just., A II, 6, 3 τῇ φύσει τῶν ἀνθρώπων) Js 3:7b (unless the sense should be humankind, s. 4 below). Euphemistically: παρθένος ἐγέννησεν, ἃ οὐ χωρεῖ ἡ φύσις αὐτῆς while remaining a virgin, a virgin has had a child or a virgin has given birth, something that does not accord w. her natural condition (as a virgin) GJs 19:3. τὸ ἀδύνατον τῆς ἡμετέρας φύσεως the weakness of our nature Dg 9:6. θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως sharers in the divine nature 2 Pt 1:4 (cp. ὅσοι φύσεως κοινωνοῦντες ἀνθρω[πίν]ης IReisenKN, p. 371, 46f; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 232 θείας μετεσχηκέναι φύσεως; Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 26 of Dionysus: πρὶν εἰς θεῶν φύσιν ἐλθεῖν=before he attained to the nature of the gods; Ar. 13, 5 μία φ. τῶν θεῶν. Difft. AWolters, Calvin Theological Journal 25, ’90, 28–44 ‘partners of the Deity’).—Also specif. of sexual characteristics (Diod S 16, 26, 6 originally παρθένοι prophesied in Delphi διὰ τὸ τῆς φύσεως ἀδιάφθορον=because their sexuality was uncorrupted. φύσις of sex and its change Dicaearchus, Fgm. 37 W.; ἑρμαφροδίτου φ. Iren. 1, 11, 5 [Harv. I 108, 8]. Obviously φ. also has the concrete mng. ‘sex organ’: Nicander, Fgm. 107; Diod S 32, 10, 7 φ. ἄρρενος corresponding to φ. θηλείας following immediately; Anton. Lib. 41, 5; Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 1 Jac.). In the context of Mary’s virginal delivery ἐραυνήσω τὴν φύσιν αὐτῆς= I will examine whether she remains a virgin GJs 19:3b; 20:1 (where Tdf. with codd. reads ἔβαλε Σαλώμη τὸν δάκτυλον αὐτῆς εἰς τὴν φύσιν αὐτῆς [cp. J 20:25]). The hyena παρʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἀλλάσσει τὴν φύσιν changes its nature every year, fr. male to female and vice versa B 10:7 (s. ὕαινα). Polytheists worship τοῖς φύσει μὴ οὖσιν θεοῖς beings that are by nature no gods at all Gal 4:8 (s. CLanger, Euhemeros u. die Theorie der φύσει u. θέσει θεοί: Αγγελος II 1926, 53–59; Mel., P. 8, 58 φύσει θεὸς ὢν καὶ ἄνθρωπος; Synes., Prov. 1, 9 p. 97c τοῖς φύσει θεοῖς; Diod S 3, 9, 1 differentiates between two kinds of gods: some αἰώνιον ἔχειν κ. ἄφθαρτον τὴν φύσιν, others θνητῆς φύσεως κεκοινωνηκέναι κ. διʼ ἀρετὴν … τετευχέναι τιμῶν ἀθανάτων=some ‘have an everlasting and incorruptible nature’, others ‘share mortal nature and then, because of their personal excellence, … attain immortal honors’).—ὅταν ἔθνη φύσει τὰ τοῦ νόμου ποιῶσιν when gentiles spontaneously (i.e. without extraneous legal instruction; cp. the prophetic ideal Jer 31:32–34) fulfill the demands of the (Mosaic) law Ro 2:14 (s. WMundle, Theol. Blätter 13, ’34, 249–56 [the gentile as Christian under direction of the πνεῦμα]; difft. s. 3 below).

③ the regular or established order of things, nature (Ar. 4, 2 κατὰ ἀπαραίτητον φύσεως ἀνάγκην=in accordance with the non-negotiable order of things; Ath. 3, 1 νόμῳ φύσεως) μετήλλαξαν τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν they exchanged the natural function for one contrary to nature Ro 1:26 (Diod S 32, 11, 1 παρὰ φύσιν ὁμιλία; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 109 §511; Athen. 13, 605d οἱ παρὰ φύσιν τῇ Ἀφροδίτῃ χρώμενοι=those who indulge in Aphrodite contrary to nature; TestNapht 3:4; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 39 ὁ παιδεραστὴς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν ἡδονὴν διώκει=a lover of boys pursues unnatural pleasure; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 273; Tat. 3:4; Ath. 26, 2; on φ. as definer of order s. JKube, ΤΕΧΝΗ und ΑΡΕΤΗ ’69, esp. 44–46; on relation to κτίσι in Paul, s. OWischmeyer, ZTK 93, ’96, 352–75). ὅταν ἔθνη φύσει τὰ τοῦ νόμου ποιῶσιν when gentiles fulfil the law’s demands by following the natural order (of things) Ro 2:14 (cp. Ltzm., Hdb., exc. on Ro 2:14–16; but s. 2 above). ἡ φύσις διδάσκει ὑμᾶς 1 Cor 11:14 (Epict. 1, 16, 9f; Plut., Mor. 478d; Synes., Calv. [Baldhead] 14 p. 78c φύσις as well as νόμος prescribes long hair for women, short hair for men.—Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.). τὸ ὄνομα, ὸ̔ κέκτησθε φύσει δικαίᾳ the name which you bear because of a just natural order IEph 1:1 (s. Hdb. ad loc.—τῇ φ. τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἀνώφορόν ἐστιν Did., Gen. 21, 5.—JKleist, transl. ’46, 119 n. 2 suggests ‘natural disposition’).—RGrant, Miracle and Natural Law ’52, 4–18.

④ an entity as a product of nature, natural being, creature (X., Cyr. 6, 2, 29 πᾶσα φύσις=every creature; 3 Macc 3:29.—Diod S 2, 49, 4 plants are called φύσεις καρποφοροῦσαι; 3, 6, 2 θνητὴ φ.= a mortal creature. Ps.-Callisth. 1, 10, 1 ἀνθρωπίνη φ. = a human creature. It can also mean species [X. et al.; 4 Macc 1:20; Philo] and then at times disappear in translation: Ps.-Pla, Epin. 948d ἡ τῶν ἄστρων φύσις=the stars; X., Lac. 3, 4 ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φύσις=the women; Aristot., Part. An. 1, 5 περὶ τῆς ζῳϊκῆς φ.=on animals) πᾶσα φύσις θηρίων κτλ. Js 3:7a. Also prob. ἡ φ. ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη humankind 3:7b; s. 2 above.—Kl. Pauly IV 841–44 (lit.).—DELG s.v. φύομαι C 6. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

διαθήκᾱς, διαθήκη

disposition: fem acc pl

διαθήκᾱς, διαθήκη

disposition: fem gen sg (doric aeolic)

διαθήκη

disposition: fem nom /voc sg (attic epic ionic)

διαθήκη

disposition: fem dat sg (attic epic ionic)

διάταξις

disposition: fem nom /voc pl (attic epic)

διάταξις

disposition: fem nom /acc pl (attic)

διατάσσω

appoint: aor subj act 2nd sg (epic)

διατάσσω

appoint: fut ind act 2nd sg

διατάσσω

appoint: aor subj act 2nd sg (epic)

διατάσσω

appoint: fut ind act 2nd sg

διατά̱ξεις, διατήκω

melt: fut ind act 2nd sg (doric)

διάταξις

disposition: fem nom /voc /acc dual (doric aeolic)

διατάξηι, διάταξις

disposition: fem dat sg (epic)

διατάσσω

appoint: aor subj mid 2nd sg

διατάσσω

appoint: aor subj act 3rd sg

διατάσσω

appoint: fut ind mid 2nd sg

διατάσσω

appoint: aor subj mid 2nd sg

διατάσσω

appoint: aor subj act 3rd sg

διατάσσω

appoint: fut ind mid 2nd sg

διατά̱ξῃ, διατήκω

melt: fut ind mid 2nd sg (doric)

ἐλευθεροπρεπείᾱς, ἐλευθεροπρέπεια

disposition of a freeman: fem acc pl

ἐλευθεροπρεπείᾱς, ἐλευθεροπρέπεια

disposition of a freeman: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

ἐλευθεροπρεπείᾱς, ἐλευθεροπρέπεια

disposition of a freeman: fem acc pl

ἐλευθεροπρεπείᾱς, ἐλευθεροπρέπεια

disposition of a freeman: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

ἐμεσίᾱς, ἐμεσία

disposition to vomit: fem acc pl

ἐμεσίᾱς, ἐμεσία

disposition to vomit: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

ἐμεσίᾱς, ἐμεσία

disposition to vomit: fem acc pl

ἐμεσίᾱς, ἐμεσία

disposition to vomit: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

κακοηθείᾱͅ, κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

κακοηθείᾱͅ, κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem dat sg (attic doric ionic aeolic)

κακοηθείᾱͅ, κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

κακοηθείᾱͅ, κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem dat sg (attic doric ionic aeolic)

κακοηθείᾱͅ, κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

κακοηθείᾱͅ, κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem dat sg (attic doric ionic aeolic)

κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem dat pl

κακοήθεια

bad disposition: fem dat pl (ionic)