(begin+journey)

* * *

(að), v.

1) to originate (ór himninum byrjast öll gœzka);

2) to beget esp. in pass., byrjast, to be begotten (á þeirri sömu nótt sem hann byrjaðist);

3) to enter upon, begin;

byrja ferð sína, to begin one’s journey;

4) byrja mál es, to plead (support) one’s cause (ek skal byrja þitt mál sem ek kann);

byrja rœðu, to deliver a speech (= flytja rœðu);

hefir þú fram byrjat (stated) erendi þitt.

(að), v. impers. with dat. to behove, beseem;

sem byrja (as it behoves) hlýðnum syni;

sem þeim byrjaði at manntali, in due proportion to their number.

(að), v. impers., em byrjar vel (illa), one gets fair (foul) wind (byrjaði þeim vel um haustit).

* * *

að, [Swed. börja; lost in Dan., which has replaced it by begynde; Germ. beginnen; and probably also extinct in the mod. Norse dialects, vide Ivar Aasen, who seems not to have heard the word; it is in full use in Icel. and is a purely Scandin. word; the root is the part. pass. of bera A. II]:—to begin.

I. in the phrase, b. mál e-s, to plead one’s cause, O. H. L. 5; ek skal byrja ( support) þitt mál, sem ek kann, Fs. 10, Fms. ii. 65; hann byrjaði hennar mál við Ólaf konung, x. 310; með einum hundraðs-höfðingja þeim er byrjaði mál hans, Post. 645. 96; hefir þú fram byrjat þitt erindi, 655 xxx. 13, Al. 159: this sense, however, is rare and obsolete.

II. to begin; b. ferð, to begin one’s journey, to start, Edda 1, Fms. iv. 232, Eg. 106, Ld. 162; b. ræðu, to begin a speech, Sks. 238; b. e-t upp, to begin, Bs. i. 825: reflex., Rb. 210: the word is not very freq. in old writers, who prefer the word hefja, incipere, hence upphaf, beginning; in mod. writers hefja is rather archaïc, but byrja in full use, and is used both as act., impers., and reflex.; Icel. say, sagan byrjar, söguna byrjar, and sagan byrjast, all in the same sense.

III. [bera A. II], mostly in pass. to be begotten, Lat. suscipi; Elias af hjúskap byrjaðr, Greg. 16; á þeim mánuðum er barn var byrjað, Grág. i. 340; á þeirri sömu nótt sem hann byrjaðisk, Stj. 176; sem þau hittusk á fjallinu Brynhildr ok Sigurðr ok hon (viz. the daughter Áslaug) var byrjuð, Fas. i. 257; heldr ertu bráðr að byrja þann er bein hefir engin, 250 (in a verse).

IV. impers. with dat.:

1. [bera C. III], to behove, beseem, be due; sem konungs-syni byrjar, Fms. i. 81; hann gefr sálu várri slíkan mátt sem henni byrjar, Hom. 157; svá byrjaði ( behoved) Christo að líða, Luke xxiv. 46; þat byrjar mér meir at hlýða Guði en mönnum, 623. 11; sem aðiljanum byrjaði, Grág. i. 394; sem þeim byrjaði at manntali, i. e. in due proportion to their number, ii. 381; sem byrjar ( as it behoves) hlýðnum syni ok eptirlátum, Sks. 12; er helzt byrjar kaupmönnum at hafa, 52.

2. [byrr], the phrase, e-m byrjar vel, illa, one gets a fair, foul, wind; þeim byrjaði vel, Eg. 69; honum byrjaði vel, 78, Eb. 8; byrjaði þeim vel um haustið, Fms. iv. 293; þeim byrjaði illa, Eg. 158.

• begin a journey

• begin one's journey

• fare forth

• get on the right track

• get on the winning side

• set off

• set off on a journey

• set out

• begin a journey

• begin one's journey

• depart

• fare forth

• hit the mark

• hit the roof

• push ahead

• push apart

• set off

begin a journey

go

set about a journey

• begin the homeward journey

• start back

• turn back

• begin the homeward journey

1 to start (trabajo).

emprender el vuelo to fly off

2 to undertake, to engage in, to begin, to initiate.

Pedro abordó la hercúlea tarea Peter tackled the Herculean task.

3 to undertake to.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to start

2 (misión) to tackle; (viaje) to set off on; (tarea) to undertake

\

emprender el vuelo to take flight

emprender la marcha to start out

emprenderla con alguien familiar to pick on somebody

* * *

* * *

1) (=empezar) [+ trabajo] to undertake; [+ viaje] to embark on

2)

* * *

verbo transitivo < viaje> to embark on; <proyecto/aventura> to undertake; <ataque/ofensiva> to launch

* * *

= embark on/upon, set about + Gerundio, undertake, set out on, enter, take on, spring for.

Ex. Before we embark upon more extensive consideration of the software packages and their use in information retrieval, it is worth reviewing the options for computer hardware.

Ex. The CRG set about trying to define a series of integrative levels upon which it would be possible to base the main classes and their order for a new general classification scheme.

Ex. Among the documents that are worthy of consideration for abstracting are sources, in particular journals or reports issued by a specific organisation, for which the abstracting agency has undertaken to give comprehensive coverage.

Ex. However rudimentary or advanced the system, and no matter what the age of the children involved, certain matters should be considered before setting out on the venture.

Ex. Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.

Ex. If we decide to take on making up a subject file there'd be a lot of footwork even if we use that list as a basis = Si decidimos aceptar crear un fichero ordenado por materias habría mucho trabajo incluso si usamos esta lista como base.

Ex. If I decide to spring for this I'll let you in on what I find out.

----

* emprender acciones legales = take + legal proceedings, take + legal action.

* emprender el vuelo = take to + the sky.

* emprenderla con Alguien = turn on + Nombre.

* emprenderla(s) a golpes con = lam into, lay into.

* emprenderlas con = lash out at/against/on.

* emprender una acción = initiate + action.

* emprender una iniciativa = undertake + enterprise.

* emprender una lucha contra = launch + attack on.

* emprender una tarea = go on + expedition.

* emprender un negocio = take on + business venture.

* emprender un proceso de = set on + a course of.

* emprender un proyecto = undertake + project.

* * *

verbo transitivo < viaje> to embark on; <proyecto/aventura> to undertake; <ataque/ofensiva> to launch

* * *

* * *

emprender [E1 ]

‹viaje› to embark on; ‹tarea/proyecto/aventura› to undertake

emprender la retirada ( Mil) to beat a retreat

emprender la marcha to set out

el pájaro emprendió el vuelo the bird took flight

emprendieron la lucha contra la droga they took up the fight against drugs

el ejército emprendió el ataque contra el enemigo the army launched an attack on the enemy

emprendimos el regreso al amanecer we began our o embarked on the return journey at daybreak

emprenderla con algn: estaba de mal humor y la emprendió conmigo she was in a bad mood and she took it out on me

la emprendió a puñetazos con él he started punching him

* * *

◊ emprender la marcha to set out;

* * *

emprender vt

emprender acciones judiciales contra alguien to initiate legal proceedings against sb;

la prensa emprendió una campaña contra él the press launched a campaign against him;

emprender el vuelo to fly off;

¿a qué hora emprenderás la marcha? what time are you setting off?;

al oír la sirena emprendieron la huida when they heard the siren they took flight;

el Papa emprendió viaje a Oriente Medio the Pope left on a trip to the Middle East;

emprenderla con alguien: la emprendió con él sin provocación alguna she started laying into him without any provocation;

la emprendió a puñetazos con su hermano he started punching his brother

* * *

1 embark on, undertake

emprenderla con alguien fam take it out on s.o.;

emprenderla a golpes con alguien exchange blows with s.o.;

emprenderla a tiros con alguien start shooting at s.o.

* * *

emprender vt

: to undertake, to begin

* * *

emprender vb

1. (en general) to start / to begin [pt. began; pp. begun]

2. (viaje) to set off on [pt. & pp. set]

(unreg., trennb., -ge-)

1. (ist) (sich aufstellen) line up (zu for); umg., fig. zur Arbeit: turn up (zu for); beim Chef: report ( bei to); Kompanie angetreten! Befehl: company fall in!; Meldung: company fallen in ( oder assembled)!; der Größe nach antreten line up according to size

2. (ist) zum Wettkampf: enter (bei, zu for), participate (in); auch zum Kampf: compete ( gegen with, against); antreten gegen auch challenge; sie ist angetreten, die Armut zu bekämpfen she took up the challenge of fighting poverty

3. (ist) SPORT: (beschleunigen) accelerate

4. (ist) LING. (hinzukommen) Endung etc.: be added (an + Akk to)

1. die Arbeit / den Dienst antreten report for work / duty; sein Amt antreten take up office; jemandes Nachfolge antreten succeed s.o.; die Regierung antreten take up office, come into power; das Studium antreten take up one’s studies, start (at) university, ( auch ein Studium antreten) start studying; eine Erbschaft antreten enter on ( oder come into) an inheritance; eine Strafe antreten begin serving a sentence; eine Reise antreten set out ( oder off) on a journey; den Heimweg / die Heimreise antreten set off (for) home; den Beweis für etw. antreten offer proof ( oder evidence) of s.th.; den Beweis antreten, dass... offer proof that...

2. (Moped) start up

3. (festtreten) (Erde) tread ( oder stamp) down

* * *

(sich aufstellen) to line up

* * *

1. vt

1) Reise, Strafe to begin; Stellung to take up; Amt to take up, to assume; Erbe, Erbschaft to come into

2) Motorrad to kick-start

3) (= festtreten) Erde to press or tread down firmly

2. vi aux sein

1) (= sich aufstellen) to line up; (MIL) to fall in

2) (= erscheinen) to assemble; (bei einer Stellung) to start; (zum Dienst) to report

3) (zum Wettkampf) to compete; (= spurten) to put on a spurt; (Radfahrer) to sprint

* * *

I. vt Hilfsverb: haben

1. (beginnen)

▪ etw \antreten to begin sth

2. (übernehmen)

ein Amt/den Dienst \antreten to take up [or assume] [an] office/one's services

seine Amtszeit \antreten to take office

ein Erbe \antreten to come into an inheritance

eine Stellung \antreten to take up a post; s.a. Beweis

II. vi Hilfsverb: sein

1. (sich aufstellen) to line up; MIL to fall in

2. (erscheinen)

▪ [zu etw dat] \antreten to appear [for sth]

3. (eine Stellung beginnen)

▪ bei jdm/einer Firma [als etw] \antreten to start one's job [as sth] under sb/at a company

4. SPORT (zum Wettkampf erscheinen)

▪ [zu etw dat] \antreten to compete [in sth]

I. vt

1. (fest treten)

▪ etw \antreten to tread sth down [firmly]

2. AUTO (starten)

▪ etw \antreten to start sth

einen Motorrad \antreten to kick-start a motorbike

II. vi (energisch die Pedale betätigen) to sprint

* * *

1) (sich aufstellen) form up; (in Linie) line up; (Milit.) fall in

2) (sich stellen) meet one's opponent; (als Mannschaft) line up

3) (sich einfinden) report ( bei to)

unregelmäßiges transitives Verb start <job, apprenticeship>; take up < position, appointment>; start, set out on < journey>; begin < prison sentence>; come into < inheritance>

* * *

antreten (irr, trennb, -ge-)

A. v/i

1. (ist) (sich aufstellen) line up (

zu for); umg, fig zur Arbeit: turn up (

zu for); beim Chef: report (

bei to);

Kompanie angetreten! Befehl: company fall in!; Meldung: company fallen in ( oder assembled)!;

der Größe nach antreten line up according to size

2. (ist) zum Wettkampf: enter (

bei, zu for), participate (in); auch zum Kampf: compete (

gegen with, against);

antreten gegen auch challenge;

sie ist angetreten, die Armut zu bekämpfen she took up the challenge of fighting poverty

3. (ist) SPORT: (beschleunigen) accelerate

4. (ist) LING (hinzukommen) Endung etc: be added (

an +akk to)

B. v/t (hat)

1.

die Arbeit/den Dienst antreten report for work/duty;

sein Amt antreten take up office;

jemandes Nachfolge antreten succeed sb;

die Regierung antreten take up office, come into power;

das Studium antreten take up one’s studies, start (at) university, ( auch

ein Studium antreten) start studying;

eine Erbschaft antreten enter on ( oder come into) an inheritance;

eine Strafe antreten begin serving a sentence;

eine Reise antreten set out ( oder off) on a journey;

den Heimweg/die Heimreise antreten set off (for) home;

den Beweis für etwas antreten offer proof ( oder evidence) of sth;

den Beweis antreten, dass … offer proof that …

2. (Moped) start up

3. (festtreten) (Erde) tread ( oder stamp) down

* * *

1) (sich aufstellen) form up; (in Linie) line up; (Milit.) fall in

2) (sich stellen) meet one's opponent; (als Mannschaft) line up

3) (sich einfinden) report ( bei to)

unregelmäßiges transitives Verb start <job, apprenticeship>; take up <position, appointment>; start, set out on < journey>; begin < prison sentence>; come into < inheritance>

* * *

to accede v. v.

to report for duty expr.

"1. road; path; way; passage; course; route; channel; conduit. 2. rate of speed, speed (of a ship). 3. style; manner. 4. way of behaving. 5. method, system. 6. means, way; solution. 7. purpose, end (used in either the locative or the dative): Bu yolda çok emek harcadık. We´ve expended a lot of effort on this. Vatan yoluna savaştılar. They fought for the sake of the fatherland. 8. stripe (in cloth). 9. time: Bir yol bize geldi. He came to see us once. -unda 1. for the sake of. 2. in good order, going as it should, going well, fine. 3. in the style of, in the manner of. -uyla 1. by way of, via. 2. by means of, by, through. 3. in a suitable manner. - açmak /a/ to pave the way for. -unuz açık olsun! Have a good trip!/Bon voyage! - ağzı mouth of a road, junction. - almak to proceed, move forward. -u almak to reach the end of one´s journey. - aramak to look for a way (to solve a problem). - ayrımı fork in a road. - azığı food for a journey. -una bakmak/-unu beklemek /ın/ to await the arrival of, expect (someone who´s traveling a long way). - boyunca 1. throughout the journey; all the way: Yol boyunca durmadan konuştu. He talked incessantly all the way. 2. beside the road, along the road. -unu bulmak /ın/ to find the way to do (something), find the way to get (something) done. -a çıkarmak /ı/ to see (someone) off (on a journey). -a çıkmak to set off (on a journey). (aynı, bir) -a çıkmak (for one thing) to lead to the same result (as another). -dan çıkmak 1. (for a train) to be derailed; (for a car, etc.) to go off the road. 2. (for someone) to go astray, depart from the straight and narrow. -una çıkmak /ın/ 1. to meet (someone, something) by chance. 2. to go to meet (a traveler). -a düşmek to set off (on a journey). -lara düşmek to go out and wander far and near/wide (in search of someone, something). -u düşmek 1. /a/ to happen on, chance on, happen to pass (a place). 2. /ın/ (for the right moment for something) to be at hand. (...) -una düşmek to set out for (a place). -a düzülmek to set off (on a journey). - erkân the right way to do (something). - erkân bilmek to know how to behave properly. - etmek /ı/ to go to (a place) very often. -a gelmek to come round (to another´s point of view); to see reason; to straighten up and do as one is supposed to do. -a getirmek /ı/ to bring (someone) round (to another´s point of view); to make (someone) see reason; to make (someone) straighten up and do as he is supposed to do. -una girmek (for something) to begin to go well. -a gitmek to set off (on a journey). - görünmek /a/ to sense that the time has come for (one) to pack up one´s traps and leave. - göstermek /a/ 1. to show (someone) how to get to a place. 2. to show (someone) how to solve something. 3. to guide (someone). - halısı runner (rug used to carpet a hall or staircase). - harcı travel allowance. - iz bilmek to know how to behave oneself properly. -dan/-undan kalmak to be prevented from setting out on a journey. -larda kalmak to be delayed on the road. -u kapamak to block the road. -unu kaybetmek to lose one´s way. - kesmek naut. to slow down, reduce speed. -unu kesmek /ın/ 1. to stop, waylay (someone). 2. to waylay (someone) (in order to rob him). -una koymak /ı/ to set/put (a matter) to rights. -a koyulmak to set off (on a journey). - parası 1. travel allowance. 2. road tax, tax which goes towards the upkeep of roads. -a revan olmak to set off (on a journey). -unu sapıtmak (for someone) to go astray, depart from the straight and narrow. - sormakla bulunur. proverb You learn how to do something properly by asking those who know how to do it. -unu şaşırmak 1. to take a/the wrong turning, be on the wrong road. 2. not to know which road to take. 3. to go astray, depart from the straight and narrow. - tepmek to walk a long way. (...) - tutmak to begin to live in (a certain) way; to live in (a certain) way. -u tutmak (for police, etc.) to take control of a road; to blockade a ro

(unreg., trennb., -ge-)

1. (Schloss, Siegel, Tür etc.) break open, force; (Kiste) break into; (Pflaster, Straße) break up; (Erde etc.) mit Pflug: auch break ground, turn over; (Brief) tear open

2. Jägerspr. (ausweiden) gut

3. geh. (Brief) open allg.

1. Blüten etc.: open; Geschwür: (burst) open; Eisdecke, Asphalt: crack

2. (weggehen) leave, set off, start out ( nach for); zu einem Ausflug / Spaziergang aufbrechen set off on an excursion / walk; wann brechen wir morgen auf? when are we setting off ( oder leaving) tomorrow?

* * *

(gewaltsam öffnen) to break; to force; to break open; to break up;

(sich öffnen) to open; to burst open;

(weggehen) to leave; to set off; to sally

* * *

1. vt

2. vi aux sein

1) (= sich öffnen) (Straßenbelag etc) to break up; (Knospen) to (burst) open; (Wunde) to open

2) (fig Konflikte, Hass etc) to break out

3) (= sich auf den Weg machen) to start out or off, to set out or off

* * *

1) (to use force on (a door etc) to cause it to open.) break down

2) ((sometimes with on) to start a journey: We set off to go to the beach.) set off

3) (to use force to dislodge (something) from its position usually through leverage: He prised open the lid with a knife.) prise

4) ((of soldiers) to rush out to make an attack: They sallied forth against the enemy.) sally forth

5) (to leave or begin a journey: We shall have to start at 5.30 a.m. in order to get to the boat in time.) start

6) (to begin a journey: It's time we started off.) start off

7) (to begin a journey; to start off: We shall have to start out at dawn.) start out

* * *

I. vt Hilfsverb: haben

▪ etw \aufbrechen

1. (gewaltsam öffnen) to break [or force] open sth sep

ein Auto/einen Tresor \aufbrechen to break into a car/strongroom

einen Deckel \aufbrechen to force [or BRIT prise] [or AM prize] [off [or open] sep] a lid

ein Schloss \aufbrechen to break open a lock sep, to force [open sep] a lock

2. (geh: zur Öffnung bringen) to break down sth sep

II. vi Hilfsverb: sein

1. (aufplatzen) to break up, to split; Knospe to [burst] open; Wunde to open

2. (erneut sichtbar werden) to break out

3. (sich auf den Weg machen) to start [or set] off [or out]

ich glaube, wir müssen \aufbrechen I think we've got to go, I think we ought to go

* * *

unregelmäßiges transitives Verb (öffnen) break open <lock, safe, box, crate, etc.>; break into < car>; force [open] < door>

1) (sich öffnen) < bud> open [up], burst [open]; < ice [sheet], surface, ground> break up; < wound> open

2) (losgehen, - fahren) set off; start out

* * *

aufbrechen (irr, trennb, -ge-)

A. v/t (hat)

1. (Schloss, Siegel, Tür etc) break open, force; (Kiste) break into; (Pflaster, Straße) break up; (Erde etc) mit Pflug: auch break ground, turn over; (Brief) tear open

2. JAGD (ausweiden) gut

3. geh (Brief) open allg

B. v/i (ist)

1. Blüten etc: open; Geschwür: (burst) open; Eisdecke, Asphalt: crack

2. (weggehen) leave, set off, start out (

nach for);

zu einem Ausflug/Spaziergang aufbrechen set off on an excursion/walk;

wann brechen wir morgen auf? when are we setting off ( oder leaving) tomorrow?

* * *

unregelmäßiges transitives Verb (öffnen) break open <lock, safe, box, crate, etc.>; break into < car>; force [open] < door>

1) (sich öffnen) < bud> open [up], burst [open]; <ice [sheet], surface, ground> break up; < wound> open

2) (losgehen, -fahren) set off; start out

* * *

to start (for) v. v.

to break open expr.

to decamp v.

to sally v.

1. verb

1) to leave or begin a journey:

2) to begin:

3) to (cause an engine etc to) begin to work:

4) to cause something to begin or begin happening etc:

2. noun

1) the beginning of an activity, journey, race etc:

2) in a race etc, the advantage of beginning before or further forward than others, or the amount of time, distance etc gained through this:

1. verb

2. noun

1) a sudden movement of the body:

2) a shock:

1. v/t begin, start

ostilità, dibattito open

fig initiate

2. v/i begin, start

di ostilità, dibattito open

iniziare a fare qualcosa begin or start doing something, begin or start to do something

* * *

iniziare v.tr.

1 to begin*, to start; (dare inizio a) to initiate; to originate: iniziare a fare qlco., to begin (o to start) to do (o doing) sthg.: quando hai iniziato a studiare il russo?, when did you begin (o start) studying Russian?; iniziare una carriera scientifica, to take up a scientific career; iniziare il dibattito, to open the debate; iniziare la lezione, to begin the lesson; iniziare una lite, to start (o to open) a quarrel; (dir.) iniziare l'azione penale, to start the prosecution; iniziare le ostilità, to open hostilities; iniziare una riforma, una nuova politica, to initiate a reform, a new policy; iniziare trattative con qlcu., to enter into (o to start) negotiations with s.o.; iniziare un viaggio, to start on a journey (o to set out on a voyage); (comm.): iniziare un'impresa commerciale, to start (on) a business enterprise; iniziare un commercio, to open up a trade (o to set up in business); iniziare relazioni di affari, to enter into business connections; (mar.) iniziare la discarica, to break bulk (o to start unloading the cargo) // per iniziare..., to begin with... (o first of all...)

2 (instradare) to initiate, to introduce: iniziare qlcu. ai riti massonici, to initiate s.o. into massonic rites; iniziare un allievo allo studio dei classici, to initiate a student into classical studies

◆ v. intr. to begin*, to start, to commence: le lezioni iniziano alle dieci, classes begin at ten.

* * *

1. vt

1) (cominciare) to begin, start, (dibattito, ostilità) to open

2) (persona: a un culto) to initiate into, (a un'attività) to introduce to

2. vi

(aus essere) to begin, start

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) (incominciare) to begin*, to start [attività, giornata]; to strike* up, to break* off [ conversazione]; to initiate [ colloqui]

2) (avviare)

verbo intransitivo (aus. essere) [lezione, film, anno] to begin*, to start

verbo impersonale (aus. essere, avere)

* * *

iniziare

/init'tsjare/ [1]

I verbo transitivo

 1 (incominciare) to begin*, to start [attività, giornata]; to strike* up, to break* off [ conversazione]; to initiate [ colloqui]; iniziare a fare qcs. to begin o start doing o to do sth.; inizi bene l'anno! that's a good start to the year!

 2 (avviare) iniziare qcn. a to introduce sb. to [pittura, musica]; to initiate sb. into [ società segreta]

II verbo intransitivo

 (aus. essere) [lezione, film, anno] to begin*, to start; (tanto) per iniziare to start with; non iniziare! (in una lite) don't start on me! un nome che inizia con la C a name beginning with C; iniziare col fare to begin o start off by doing; a iniziare da oggi from this day on o forth

III verbo impersonale

 (aus. essere, avere) inizia a piovere it's beginning to rain; inizia a farsi buio it's getting o growing dark.

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(hef; hóf, hófum; hafiðr and hafinn), v.

1) to heave, raise, lift (hefja stein);

hann hóf upp augu sin, he lifted up his eyes;

hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap;

hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defense);

hefja höfuðs, to lift the head, be undaunted;

hefja graut, to lift the porridge, eat it with a spoon;

2) to exalt, raise in rank;

hefja e-n til ríkis, to raise one to the throne;

3) to begin;

hefja mál sitt, to begin one’s speech;

hefja ferð, to set out on a journey, to start;

hefja flokk, to raise a party;

hefja ákall, to raise a claim;

impers., hefr e-t = hefr upp e-t, it begins (hér hefr Kristnisögu);

refl., hefjast, to begin, originate (hvaðan af hefir hafizt skáldrskarpr?);

4) impers. to be carried, drifted (by storm or tide);

höf skipin öll saman (all the ships were drifted) inn at landinu;

þeir létu hefja skipin ofan forstreymis, they let the ships drift down the stream;

5) with preps.:

hefja e-t af e-u, to take it off;

impers., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc.), when she recovered from her swoon;

þá hóf af mér vámur allar, all ailments left me;

refl., hefjast af höndum e-m, to leave one;

hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet (= hafa á rás);

refl., láta hefjast fyrir, to retreat, withdraw;

hefja munn sinn í sundr, to open one’s mouth;

impers., Birkibeina (acc.) hefr undan, the B. drew back;

hefja e-t upp, to lift up (hann hóf orminn upp á hendi sér);

impers., hóf honum upp brýn (acc.), his face brightened;

hefja e-t upp, to begin (= hefja 3);

Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem;

impers., hér hefr upp Konunga-bók, here begins the K.;

refl., hefjast upp, to begin (hér hefjast upp landnám);

hefjast upp til ófriðar (með ófriði), to begin warfare;

láta hefjast við, to lay to (naut.).

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pret. hóf, pl. hófu; part. hafinn, but also hafiðr (weak); pres. indic. hef; pret. subj. hæfi, with neg. suff. hóf-at, Korm.; [Ulf. hafjan; A. S. hebban; Engl. heave, pret. hove; O. H. G. hafan; Germ. heben; Dan. hæve; Swed. häfva; cp. Lat. capere, in-cipere.]

A. To heave, lift, raise; hefja stein, to lift a stone, Eg. 142; ok munu nú ekki meira hefja fjórir menn, 140; (hón) hóf hann at lopti, hove him aloft, Ýt. 9; hefja e-n til himins, Edda 61 (in a verse); hóf hann sér af herðum hver, Hym. 36; þá er hefja af hvera (mod. taka ofan pott, to take the pot off), Gm. 42; hóf sér á höfuð upp hver Sifjar verr, Hým. 34; hón hófat augu af mér, she took not her eyes off me, Korm. 16; hann hóf upp augu sín, he lifted up his eyes, 623. 20; hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap, Nj. 144.

2. phrases, hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defence), Nj. 65, Ld. 262; h. höfuðs, to lift the head, stand upright, be undaunted; sá er nú hefir eigi höfuðs, Nj. 213: h. sinn munn í sundr, to open one’s mouth, Sturl. iii. 189: hefja graut, skyr, etc., to lift the porridge, curds, etc., eat food with a spoon, Fms. vi. 364; Rindill hóf (Ed. hafði wrongly) skyr ok mataðisk skjótt, Lv. 63.

3. hefja út, to lift out a body, carry it from the house (út-hafning), Eg. 24; er mik út hefja, Am. 100; var konungr hafiðr dauðr ór hvílunni, Hkr. iii. 146. The ceremony of carrying the corpse out of the house is in Icel. still performed with solemnity, and followed by hymns, usually verses 9 sqq. of the 25th hymn of the Passíu-Sálmar; it is regarded as a farewell to the home in which a person has lived and worked; and is a custom lost in the remotest heathen age; cp. the Scot. to lift.

β. hefja (barn) ór heiðnum dómi, to lift ( a bairn) out of heathendom, is an old eccl. term for to be sponsor (mod. halda undir skírn), Sighvat (in a verse); N. G. L. i. 350 records three kinds of sponsorship—halda barni undir primsignan, önnur at hefja barn ór heiðnum dómi, þriðja at halda á barni er biskup fermir: to baptize, skal þat barn til kirkju færa ok hefja ór heiðnum dómi, 12; barn hvert er borit verðr eptir nótt ina helgu, þá skal haft vera ( baptized) at Páskum, id.

4. to exalt, Ad. 20, cp. with Yngl. S. ch. 10; hóf hann Jóseph til sæmðar, Sks. 454; hafðr til ríkis, 458; upp hafðr, 451; önd hennar var upp höfð yfir öll engla fylki, Hom. 129; hann mektaðisk mjök ok hóf sik of hátt af þeim auðæfum, Stj. 154; at hann hæfi upp ( exaltaret) Guðs orð með tungunni, Skálda 208; konungr hóf hann til mestu metorða, 625. 31: er hans ríki hóf, 28.

II. impers.,

1. to be heaved, hurled, drifted, by storm, tide, or the like; þá hóf upp knörr (acc.) undir Eyjafjöllum, a ship was upheaved by the gale, Bs. i. 30; hóf öll skipin (acc. the ship drifted) saman inn at landinu, Hkr. i. 206; þetta hóf ( drifted) fyrir straumi, iii. 94; þeir létu hefja ofan skipin forstreymis, let the ship drift before the stream, Fms. vii. 253; Birkibeina hefr undan, the B. went back, ix. 528.

2. medic., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc. when she awoke, of one in a swoon), Bjarn. 68; þá hóf af mér vámur allar (acc. all ailments left me), svá at ek kenni mér nú hvergi íllt, Sturl. ii. 54; ek sé at þú ert fölr mjök, ok má vera, at af þér hafi, I see thou art very pale, but may be it will pass off, Finnb. 236; hóf honum heldr upp brún (acc. his face brightened), Eg. 55.

III. reflex. to raise oneself, to rise; hefjask til ófriðar, to raise war, rebel, Eg. 264.

β. to be raised; hefjask til ríkis, to be raised to the throne, Fms. i. 99; hefjask hátt, to be exalted, Fs. 13; hann hafði hafisk af sjálfum sér, he had risen by himself, Eg. 23; féll Hákon en hófsk upp Magnúss konungr, Sturl. i. 114; Þórðr hófsk ( rose) af þessu, Landn. 305, Hom. 152.

2. phrases, hefjask við, to lay to, a naut. term; lét þá jarl hefjask við ok beið svá sinna manna, Fms. viii. 82; hefjask undan, to retire, draw back, Sd. 144: in the phrase, hefjask af höndum e-m, to leave one; hefsk nú aldregi af höndum þeim, give them no rest, Fms. xi. 59.

3. part., réttnefjaðr ok hafit upp í framanvert, Nj. 29.

B. Metaph. to raise, begin, Lat. incipere:

1. to raise; hefja flokk, to raise a party, a rebellion, Fms. viii. 273; h. rannsókn, to raise an enquiry, Grág. ii. 193; h. ákall, to raise a claim, Eg. 39; h. brigð, to make a reclamation, Gþl. 295.

2. to begin; hefja teiti, Fms. vii. 119; h. gildi, Sturl. i. 20; h. Jóla-hald, to begin ( keep) Yule, Fms. i. 31; h. boðskap, ii. 44: of a book, þar hefjum vér sögu af hinum helga Jóni biskupi, Bs. i. 151; h. mál, to begin one’s speech, Ld. 2; h. ferð, to start, Fb. ii. 38; h. orrustu.

β. with prep. upp, (hence upp-haf, beginning); hóf Helgi upp mál sitt, Boll. 350; Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem, 427; hann heyrði messu upp hafna, Fms. v. 225; hefja upp sálm, to begin a hymn, 623. 35; Flosi hóf upp suðrgöngu sína, F. started on his pilgrimage, Nj. 281; h. upp göngu sína, to start, Rb. 116.

γ. hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet; síðan hefr hann á rás ok rann til bæjarins, Eg. 237; hinir Gautsku höfðu (thus weak vide hafa C. 2) á rás undan, Fms. iv. 120.

δ. absol., hann hóf svá, he began thus, Fms. i. 33; þar hef ek upp, vii. 146; þar skal hefja upp við arftöku-mann, start from the a., Grág. i. 62.

II. impers. to begin; hér hefr Þingfara-bólk (acc.), Gþl. 5; hér hefr upp Kristindóms-bólk, 39, 75, 378; hér hefr Landnáma-bók, Landn. 24; hér hefr upp landnám í Vestfirðinga fjórðungi, 64, 168 (v. l.), 237 (v. l.); hér hefr Kristni-Sögu, Bs. i. 3; nú hefr þat hversu Kristni kom á Ísland, id.; hér hefr sögu af Hrafni á Hrafnsevri, 639; hér hefr upp ok segir frá þeim tíðindum, er …, Fms. viii. 5; áðr en hefi sjálfa bókina, Gþl.; hér hefr sögu Gísla Súrs-sonar, Gísl. (begin.), v. l.: with upp, ok upp hefr Skáldskapar-mál ok Kenningar, Edda (Arna-Magn.) ii. 427; hér hefr upp Konunga-bók og hefr fyrst um þriðjunga-skipti heimsins, Hkr. Cod. Fris. 3; hann kom til Túnsbergs er upp hóf Adventus Domini, Fms. ix. 338.

III. reflex. to begin; þar hefsk saga Harðar, Landn. 62; hvaðan hefir hafizk sú íþrótt, whence originates that art? Edda 47; hér hefjask upp landnám, Landn. 275; hófsk ríki Haralds konungs, king H.’s reign began, Ld. 2; áðr Rómverja-ríki hófsk, Rb. 402; hófusk (höfðusk, Ed. wrongly) þá enn orrostur af nýju, Fms. xi. 184; hvernig hafizk hefir þessi úhæfa, Al. 125; nú hefsk önnur tungl-öldin, Rb. 34; þá hefsk vetr, 70–78, 436.

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(fer; fór, fórum; farinn), v.

1) to move, pass along, go;

gekk hann hvargi sem hann fór, he walked wherever he went;

fara heim (heiman), to go home (from home);

fara á fund e-s to visit one;

fjöld ek fór, I travelled much;

hann sagði, hversu orð fóru með þeim, what words passed between them;

absol., to go begging (ómagar, er þar eigu at fara í því þingi);

2) with ‘ferð, leið’ or the like added in acc., gen., or dat.;

fara leiðar sinnar, to go one’s way, proceed on one’s journey (= fara ferðar sinnar or ferða sinna, fara ferð sina, fara för sina, förum sínum);

fara þessa ferð, to make this journey;

fara fullum dagleiðum, to travel a full days journeys;

fara stefnuför, to go a-summoning;

fara bónorðsför, to go a-wooing;

fara sigrför, to go on the path of victory, to triumph;

fara góða för, to make a lucky journey;

fig., fara ósigr, to be defeated;

fara mikinn skaða, to suffer great damage;

fara hneykju, skömm, to incur disgrace;

fara erendleysu, to fail in one’s errand;

with the road in acc. (fara fjöll ok dala);

3) fara búðum, bygðum, vistum, to move, change one’s abode;

fara eldi ok arni, to move one’s hearth and fire;

4) fara einn saman, to go alone;

fara eigi ein saman, to go with child (= fara með barni);

5) with infin.;

fara sofa, to go to sleep (allir menn vóru sofa farnir);

fara vega, to go to fight;

fara leita, to go seeking (var leita farit);

6) with an a., etc.;

fara villr, to go astray;

fara haltr, to walk lame;

fara vanstiltr, to go out of one’s mind;

fara duldr e-s, to be unaware of;

fara andvígr e-m, to give battle;

fara leyniliga (leynt), to be kept secret;

eigi má þetta svá fara, this cannot go on in that way;

fjarri ferr þat, far from it, by no means;

fór þat fjarri, at ek vilda, I was far from desiring it;

7) to turn out, end;

fór þat sem líkligt var, it turned out as was likely (viz. ended ill);

svá fór, at, the end was, that;

ef svá ferr sem ek get til, if it turns out as I guess;

á sómu leið fór um aðra sendimenn, it went the same way with the other messengers;

8) to fare well, ill;

biðja e-n vel fara, to bid one farewell;

9) to suit, fit, esp. of clothes, hair (ekki þykkir mér kyrtill þinn fara betr en stakkr minn; hárit fór vel);

impers., fór illa á hestinum, it sat ill on the horse;

10) impers., e-m ferr vel, illa, one behaves or acts well, ill;

honum hafa öll málin verst farit, he has behaved worst in the whole matter;

e-m ferr vinveittliga, one behaves in a friendly way;

11) fara e-t höndum, to touch with the hands, esp. of a healing touch, = fara höndum um e-t (bið hann fara höndum meinit);

fara land herskildi, brandi, to visit a land with ‘warshield’, with fire, to ravage or devastate it (gekk síðan á land upp með liði sínu ok fór alit herskildi);

12) to overtake (Án hrísmagi var þeirra skjótastr ok gat farit sveininn);

tunglit ferr sólina, the moon overtakes the sun;

áðr hana Fenrir fari, before F. overtakes her;

13) to ill-treat, treat cruelly;

menn sá ek þá, er mjök höfðu hungri farit hörund, that had chastened their flesh with much fasting;

14) to put an end to, destroy;

fara sér (sjálfr), to kill oneself;

fara lífi (fjörvi) e-s, to deprive one of life;

þú hefir sigr vegit ok Fáfni (dat.) um farit, killed F.;

15) to forfeit (fara löndum ok lausafé);

16) refl., farast;

17) with preps. and advs.:

fara af klæðum, to take off one’s clothes;

fara at e-m, to make an attack upon, to assault (eigi mundi í annat sinn vænna at fara at jarlinum);

fara at e-u, to mind, pay heed to;

ekki fer ek at, þótt þú hafir svelt þik til fjár (it does not matter to me, I do not care, though);

to deal with a thing, proceed in a certain way;

svá skal at sókn fara, thus is the pleading to be proceeded with;

fara at lögum, úlögum, to proceed lawfully, unlawfully;

fara mjúkliga at, to proceed gently;

hér skulu við fara at með ráðum, act with, deliberation;

impers. with dat., to do, behave;

illa hefir mér at farit, I have done my business badly; to go in pusuit (search) of (víkingar nökkurir þeir sem fóru at féföngum);

fara at fuglaveiðum, to go a-fowling;

fara at fé, to tend sheep;

fara á e-n, to come upon one;

sigu saman augu, þá er dauðinn fór á, when death seized him;

fara á hæl or hæli, to step back, retreat;

fara eptir e-m, to follow one;

fara eptir e-u, to go for, go to fetch (Snorri goði fór eptir líkinu; fara eptir vatni); to accommodate oneself to, conform to (engi vildi eptir öðrum fara);

þau orð er eptir fara, the following words;

fara fram, to go on, take place;

ef eigi ferr gjald fram, if no payment takes place;

veizlan ferr vel fram, the feast went on well;

spyrr, hvat þar fœri fram, he asked, what was going on there;

fara fram ráðum e-s, to follow one’s advice;

allt mun þat sínu fram fara, it will take its own course;

kváðu þat engu gegna ok fóru sínu fram, took their own way;

segir honum, hversu þeir fóru fram, how they acted;

fara e-t fram, to do., perform a thing;

spyrr hann, hvat nú sé fram faranda, what is to be done;

fara fyrir e-t, to pass for, be taken for (fari sá fyrir níðing, er);

fara hjá sér, to be beside oneself;

fara í e-t, to go into (fara í tunnu);

fara í sæng, rekkju, to go to bed;

fara í sess sinn, sæti sitt, to take one’s seat;

fara í klæði, to put on clothes, dress;

fara í vápn, brynju, to put on armour;

fara í lag, to go right or straight again (þá fóru brýnn hans í lag);

fara í vöxt, to increase;

fara í þurð, to wane;

fara í hernað, víking, to go a-freebooting;

nú ferr í úvænt efni, now matters look hopeless;

to happen, occur (alit þat, er í hafði farit um nóttina);

fara með e-t, to wield handle, manage;

fór Hroptr með Gungni, H. wielded (the spear) Gungnir;

fara með goðorð, to hold a goðorð;

fara með sök, to manage a lawsuit;

to practice, deal in;

fara með rán, to deal in robbery;

fara með spott ok háð, to go scoffing and mocking;

fara með galdra ok fjölkyngi, to practice sorcery;

to deal with, treat, handle (þú munt bezt ok hógligast með hann fara);

fara af hljóði með e-t, to keep matters secret;

fara með e-m, to go with one, follow one (ek skal með yðr fara með allan minn styrk);

fara með e-u, to do (so and so) with a thing, to deal with, manage;

hvernig þeir skyldu fara með vápnum sínum, what they were to do with their weapons;

sá maðr, er með arfinum ferr, who manages the inheritance;

fara með málum sínum, to manage one’s case;

fara vel með sínum háttum, to bear oneself well;

undarliga fara munkar þessir með sér, these monks behave strangely;

fara með barni, to go with child;

impers., ferr með þeim heldr fáliga, they are on indifferent terms;

fara ór landi, to leave the country;

fara ór klæðum, fötum, to take off one’s clothes, undress;

fara saman, to go together; to shake, shudder;

fór en forna fold öll saman, shivered all through;

to concur, agree (hversu má þat saman f);

fara til svefns, to go to sleep (= fara at sofa);

fara um e-t, to travel over (fara um fjall);

fara höndum um e-n, to stroke or touch one with the hands (hann fór höndum um þá, er sjúkir vóru);

fara mörgum orðum um e-t, to dilate upon a subject;

fara myrkt um e-t, to keep a matter dark;

fara undan, to excuse oneself (from doing a thing), to decline, refuse (hvat berr til, at þú ferr undan at gera mér veizluna);

borð fara upp, the tables are removed;

fara út, to go from Norway to Iceland; to come to a close, run out (fóru svá út þessir fimm vetr);

fara útan, to go abroad (from Iceland);

fara við e-n, to treat one, deal with one in a certain way;

margs á, ek minnast, hve við mik fóruð, I have many things to remember of your dealings with me;

fara yfir e-t, to go through;

nú er yfir farit um landnám, now an account of the settlements has been given;

skjótt yfir at fara, to be brief.

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pret. fóra, 2nd pers. fórt, mod. fórst, pl. fóru; pres. ferr, 2nd pers. ferr, in mod. pronunciation ferð; pret. subj. færa; imperat. far and farðu (= far þú); sup. farit; part. farinn; with the suffixed neg. fór-a, Am. 45; farið-a ( depart not), Hkr. i. 115 MS. (in a verse). [In the Icel. scarcely any other verb is in so freq. use as fara, as it denotes any motion; not so in other Teut. idioms; in Ulf. faran is only used once, viz. Luke x. 7; Goth. farjan means to sail, and this seems to be the original sense of fara (vide far); A. S. faran; the Germ. fahren and Engl. fare are used in a limited sense; in the Engl. Bible this word never occurs (Cruden); Swed. fara; Dan. fare.]

A. NEUT. to go, fare, travel, in the widest sense; gékk hann hvargi sem hann fór, he walked wherever he went, Hkr. i. 100; né ek flý þó ek ferr, I fly not though I fare, Edda (in a verse); létt er lauss at fara (a proverb), Sl. 37: the saying, verðr hverr með sjálfum sér lengst at fara, Gísl. 25; cp. ‘dass von sich selbst der Mensch nicht scheiden kann’ (Göthe’s Tasso), or the Lat. ‘patriae quis exul se quoque fugit?’ usually in the sense to go, to depart, heill þú farir, heill þú aptr komir, Vþm. 4; but also to come, far þú hingat til mín, come here, Nj. 2.

2. to travel, go forth or through, pass, or the like; þú skalt fara í Kirkjubæ, Nj. 74; fara ór landi, to fare forth from one’s country, Fms. v. 24; kjóll ferr austan, Vsp. 51; Surtr ferr sunnan, 52; snjór var mikill, ok íllt at fara, and ill to pass, Fms. ix. 491; fóru þeir út eptir ánni, Eg. 81; siðan fór Egill fram með skóginum, 531; þeim sem hann vildi at færi … Njáll hét at fara, Nj. 49; fara munu vér, Eg. 579; Egill fór til þess er hann kom til Álfs. 577, Fms. xi. 122; fara þeir nú af melinum á sléttuna. Eg. 747; fara heiman, to fare forth from one’s home, K. Þ. K. 6; alls mik fara tíðir, Vþm. 1; fjölð ek fór, far I fared, i. e. travelled far, 3: the phrase, fara utan, to fare outwards, go abroad (from Iceland), passim; fara vestr um haf, to fare westward over the sea, i. e. to the British Isles, Hkr. i. 101; fara á fund e-s, to visit one, Ld. 62; fara at heimboði, to go to a feast, id.; fara fæti, to fare a-foot, go walking, Hkr.; absol. fara, to travel, beg, hence föru-maðr, a vagrant, beggar; in olden times the poor went their rounds from house to house within a certain district, cp. Grág. i. 85; ómagar er þar eigu at fara í því þingi eðr um þau þing, id.; ómagar skolu fara, 119; omegð þá er þar ferr, 296: in mod. usage, fara um and um-ferð, begging, going round.

β. with prep.: fara at e-m, to make an inroad upon one, Nj. 93, 94, 102 (cp. at-för); fara á e-n, to mount, e. g. fara á bak, to mount on horseback; metaph., dauðinn fór á, death seized him, Fms. xi. 150; f. saman, to go together, Edda 121, Grág. ii. 256; f. saman also means to shudder. Germ. zusammenfahren, Hým. 24: metaph. to concur, agree, hversu má þat saman f., Nj. 192; þeim þótti þat mjök saman f., Fms. iv. 382; fara á hæl, or á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. step back. retreat, xi. 278, Eg. 296; fara undan, metaph. to excuse oneself, refuse (v. undan), Nj. 23, Fms. x. 227; fara fyrir, to proceed; fara eptir, to follow.

3. with ferð, leið or the like added, in acc. or gen. to go one’s way; fara leiðar sinnar, to proceed on one’s journey, Eg. 81, 477, Fms. i. 10, Grág. ii. 119; fara ferðar sinnar, or ferða sinna, id.. Eg. 180, Fms. iv. 125; fara derð sina, id.. Eg. 568; fara förum sínum, or för sinní, id., K. Þ. K. 80, 90; fara dagfari ok náttfari, to travel day and night, Fms. i. 203; fara fullum dagleiðum, to go full days-journeys, Grág. i. 91; or in a more special sense, fara þessa ferð, to make this journey, Fas. ii. 117; f. stefnu-för, to go a-summoning; f. bónorðs-för, to go a-courting, Nj. 148; f. sigr-för, to go on the way of victory, to triumph, Eg. 21; fara sendi-för, to go on a message, 540.

β. in a metaph. sense; fara hneykju-för, to be shamefully beaten, Hrafn. 19 (MS.); fara ósigr, to be defeated, Eg. 287; fara mikinn skaða, to ‘fare’ (i. e. suffer) great damage, Karl. 43; fara því verrum förum, fara skömm, hneykju, erendleysu, úsæmð, to get the worst of it, Fms. viii. 125.

4. with the road in acc.; hann fór Vánar-skarð, Landn. 226; f. sjó-veg, land-veg, K. Þ. K. 24; fór mörg lönd ok stórar merkr, Fas. ii. 540; fara sömu leið, Fms. i. 70; f. sama veg, Luke x. 31; f. fjöll ok dala, Barl. 104; fara út-leið, þjóð-leið, Fms. iv. 260; also, fara um veg, fara um fjall, to cross a fell, Hm. 3; fara liði, to march, Fms. i. 110.

II. in a more indefinite sense, to go; fara búðum, bygðum, vistum, to move, change one’s abode, Ld. 56, Hkr. ii. 177, Nj. 151, Vigl. 30; fara búferla, to more one’s household, Grág. ii. 409; fara vöflunarförum, to go a-begging, i. 163, 294, ii. 482.

2. the phrases, fara eldi ok arni, a law term, to move one’s hearth and fire. Grág. ii. 253; fara eldi um land, a heathen rite for taking possession of land, defined in Landn. 276. cp. Eb. 8, Landn. 189, 284.

3. fara einn-saman, to be alone. Grág. ii. 9; the phrase, f. eigi einn-saman, to be not alone, i. e. with child, Fms. iii. 109; or, fór hón með svein þann, Bs. i. 437; cp. ganga með barni.

4. adding an adj., to denote gait, pace, or the like; fara snúðigt, to stride haughtily, Nj. 100; fara mikinn, to rush on, 143; fara flatt, to fall flat, tumble, Bárð. 177; fara hægt, to walk slowly.

β. fara til svefns, to go to sleep, Nj. 35; f. í sæti sitt, to go to one’s seat, 129; f. í sess, Vþm. 9; f. á bekk, 19; fara á sæng, to go to bed, N. G. L. i. 30; fara í rúmið, id. (mod.); fara í mannjöfnuð, Ísl. ii. 214; fara í lag, to be put straight, Eg. 306; fara í vöxt, to wax, increase, Fms. ix. 430, Al. 141; fara í þurð, to wane, Ld. 122, l. 1 (MS.); fara í úefni, to go to the wrong side, Sturl. iii. 210; fara at skakka, to be odd ( not even). Sturl. ii. 258; fara at sölum, to be put out for sale, Grág. ii. 204.

5. fara at fuglum, to go a-fowling, Orkn. (in a verse); fara at fugla-veiðum, id., Bb. 3. 36; fara í hernað, í víking, to go a-freebooting, Fms. i. 33, Landn. 31; fara at fé, to watch sheep, Ld. 240; fara at fé-föngum, to go a-fetching booty, Fms. vii. 78.

β. with infin., denoting one’s ‘doing’ or ‘being;’ fara sofa, to go to sleep, Eg. 377; fara vega, to go to fight, Vsp. 54, Gm. 23; fara at róa, Vígl. 22; fara leita, to go seeking, Fms. x. 240; fara að búa, to set up a household, Bb. 2. 6; fara að hátta, to go to bed.

γ. akin to this is the mod. use of fara with an infin. following in the sense to begin, as in the East Angl. counties of Engl. it ‘fares’ to …, i. e. it begins, is likely to be or to do so and so; það fer að birta, það er farit að dimma, it ‘fares’ to grow dark; það fer að hvessa, it ‘fares’ to blow; fer að rigna, it ‘fares’ to rain. etc.:—no instance of this usage is recorded in old Icel., but the Engl. usage shews that it must be old.

δ. with an adj. etc.; fara villr, to go astray, Sks. 565; fara haltr, to go lame, Fms. x. 420; fara vanstiltr, to go out of one’s mind, 264; fara hjá sér, to be beside oneself, Eb. 270; fara apr, to feel chilly, Fms. vi. 237 (in a verse); fara duldr e-s, to be unaware of, Skálda 187 (in a verse); fara andvígr e-m, to give battle, Stor. 8; fara leyniliga, to go secretly, be kept hidden, Nj. 49.

6. to pass; fór sú skipan til Íslands, Fms. x. 23; fara þessi mál til þings, Nj. 100; hversu orð fóru með þeim, how words passed between them, 90; fóru þau orð um, the runner went abroad, Fms. i. 12; ferr orð er um munn líðr (a saying), iv. 279; þá fór ferligt úorðan, a bad report went abroad, Hom. 115.

7. fara fram, to go on, take place; ferr þetta fram, Ld. 258; ef eigi ferr gjald fram, if no payment takes place, K. Þ. K. 64; ferr svá fram, and so things went on without a break, Nj. 11, Eg. 711; veizlan ferr vel fram, the feast went on well, Nj. 11, 51; spyrr hvat þar færi fram, he asked what there was going on. Band. 17; fór allt á sömu leið sem fyrr, it went on all the same as before, Fms. iv. 112; fara fram ráðum e-s, to follow one’s advice, Nj. 5, 66, Fms. vii. 318; allt mun þat sínu fram f., it will take its own course, Nj. 259; nú er því ferr fram um hríð, it went on so for a while, Fms. xi. 108; a law term, to be produced, gögn fara fram til varnar, Grág. i. 65; dómar fara út, the court is set (vide dómr), Grág., Nj., passim.

8. borð fara upp brott, the tables are removed (vide borð), Eg. 247, 551; eigi má þetta svá f., this cannot go on in that way, Nj. 87; fjarri ferr þat, far from it, by no means, 134; fór þat fjarri at ek vilda, Ld. 12; fór þat ok svá til, and so if came to pass, Fms. x. 212.

9. to turn out, end; hversu ætlar þú fara hesta-atið, Nj. 90; fór þat sem likligt var, it turned out as was likely (i. e. ended ill). Eg. 46; svá fór, at …, the end was, that …, Grett. 81 new Ed.; ef svá ferr sem ek get til, if it turns out as I guess, Dropl. 30, Vígl. 21; ef svá ferr sem mín orð horfa til, Fms. v. 24; ef svá ferr sem mik varir, if it comes to pass as it seems to me, vi. 350; svá fór um sjóferð þá, Bjarni 202; á sömu leið fór um aðra sendi-menn, Eg. 537; to depart, die, þar fór nýtr maðr, Fs. 39; fara danða-yrði, to pass the death-weird, to die, Ýt. 8.

10. to fare well, ill, in addressing; fari þér vel, fare ye well, Nj. 7; biðja e-n vel fara, to bid one farewell, Eg. 22, Ld. 62; far heill ok sæll, Fms. vii. 197: in a bad sense, far þú nú þar, ill betide thee! Hbl. 60; far (impers.) manna armastr, Eg. 553; Jökull bað hann fara bræla armastan, Finnb. 306; fari þér í svá gramendr allir, Dropl. 23.

11. fara í fat, í brynju (acc.), etc., to dress, undress; but fara ór fötum (dat.), to undress, Fms. x. 16, xi. 132, vii. 202, Nj. 143, Gh. 16, etc.

III. metaph.,

1. to suit, fit, esp. of clothes, hair, or the like; ekki þykkir mér kyrtill þinn fara betr en stakkr minn, Fas. ii. 343; hárið fór vel, Nj. 30; jarpr á hár ok fór vel hárit, Fms. ii. 7; gult hár sem silki ok fór fagrliga, vi. 438, Fs. 88; klæði sem bezt farandi, Eb. 256; var sú konan bezt f., the most graceful, lady-like, Ísl. ii. 438; fór ílla á hestinum, it sat ill on the horse, Bs. i. 712.

2. impers. it goes so and so with one, i. e. one behaves so and so: e-m ferr vel, ílla, etc., one behaves well, ill, etc.; honum hafa öll málin verst farit, he has behaved worst in the whole matter, Nj. 210; bezta ferr þér, Fms. vii. 33; vel mun þér fara, Nj. 55; at honum fari vel, 64; þer hefir vel farit til mín, Finnb. 238; e-m ferr vinveittliga, one behaves in a friendly way, Nj. 217; ferr þér þá bezt jafnan ok höfðinglegast er mest liggr við, 228; mun honum nokkurn veg vel f., Hrafn. 10; údrengiliga hefir þér farit til vár, Ld. 48; ferr þér illa, Nj. 57; hversu Gunnari fór, how ( well) G. behaved, 119.

3. fara at e-u, to deal with a thing (i. e. proceed) so and so; svá skal at sókn fara, thus is the pleading to be proceeded with, Grág. i. 323; svá skal at því f. at beiða …, 7; fara at lögum, or úlögum at e-u, to proceed lawfully or unlawfully, 126; hversu at skyldi f., how they were to proceed, Nj. 114; fara mjúklega at, to proceed gently, Fms. vii. 18; hér skulu vér f. at með ráðum, to act with deliberation, Eg. 582; Flosi fór at öngu óðara ( took matters calmly), en hann væri heima, Nj. 220.

β. impers. with dat., to do, behave; ílla hefir mér at farit, I have done my business badly, Hrafn. 8; veit Guð hversu hverjum manni mun at f., Fms. x. 212: in mod. phrases, to become, ironically, þér ferr það, or þér ferst það, it becomes thee, i. e. ‘tis too bad of thee.

γ. hví ferr konungrinn nú svá (viz. at), Fms. i. 35; er slíkt úsæmiliga farit, so shamefully done, Nj. 82; hér ferr vænt at, here things go merrily, 232; karlmannliga er farit, manfully done, 144.

δ. to mind, care about; ekki ferr ek at, þótt þú hafir svelt þik til fjár, it does not matter to me, I do not care, though …, Nj. 18; ekki munu vit at því fara ( never mind that), segir Helgi, 133.

ε. fara eptir, to be in proportion; hér eptir fór vöxtr ok afl, his strength and stature were in proportion, Clar.

4. fara með e-t, to wield, handle, manage; fór Hroptr með Gungni, H. wielded Gungni ( the spear), Kormak; f. með Gríðar-völ, to wield the staff G., Þd. 9: as a law term, to wield, possess; fara með goðorð, to keep a goðorð, esp. during the session of parliament, Dropl. 8, Grág. and Nj. passim; fara með sök, to manage a lawsuit, Grág., Nj.; or, fara við sök, id., Nj. 86.

β. metaph. to practise, deal in; fara með rán, to deal in robbing, Nj. 73; fara með spott ok háð, to go sporting and mocking, 66; f. með fals ok dár, Pass. 16. 5; fara með galdra ok fjölkyngi, K. Þ. K. 76; f. með hindr-vitni, Grett. 111; cp. the phrase, farðu ekki með það, don’t talk such nonsense.

γ. to deal with, treat, handle; þú munt bezt ok hógligast með hann fara, thou wilt deal with him most kindly and most gently, Nj. 219; fara af hljóði með e-t, to keep matters secret, id.; Ingimundr fór vel með sögum (better than sögur, acc.), Ing. dealt well with stories, was a good historian. Sturl. i. 9.

δ. with dat.; fara með e-u, to do so and so with a thing, manage it; hversu þeir skyldi fara með vápnum sínum, how they were to do with their weapons, Fms. ix. 509; sá maðr er með arfinum ferr, who manages the arfr, Grág. i. 217; ef þeir fara annan veg með því fé, 216; fara með málum sínum, to manage one’s case, 46; meðan hann ferr svá með sem mælt er, 93; Gunnarr fór með öllu ( acted in all) sem honum var ráð til kennt, Nj. 100; ef svá er með farit, Ld. 152; f. vel með sínum háttum, to bear oneself well, behave well, Eg. 65; Hrafn fór með sér vel, H. bore himself well, Fms. vi. 109; undarliga fara munkar þessir með sér, they behave strangely, 188; við förum kynlega með okkrum málum, Nj. 130; vant þyki mér með slíku at fara, difficult matters to have to do with, 75; f. málum á hendr e-m, to bring an action against one, Ld. 138; fara sókn ( to proceed) sem at þingadómi, Grág. i. 463; fara svá öllu máli um sem …, 40, ii. 348; fara með hlátri ok gapi, to go laughing and scoffing, Nj. 220; cp. β above.

IV. fara um, yfir e-t, to pass over slightly; nú er yfir farit um landnám, shortly told, touched upon, Landn. 320; skjótt yfir at f., to be brief, 656 A. 12; fara myrkt um e-t, to mystify a thing, Ld. 322; fara mörgum orðum um e-t, to dilate upon a subject, Fbr. 124, Nj. 248, Fms. ix. 264.

β. in the phrase, fara höndum um e-t, to go with the hands about a thing, to touch it, Germ. befühlen, esp. medic. of a healing touch; jafnan fengu menn heilsubót af handlögum hans, af því er hann fór höndum um þá er sjúkir vóru, Játv. 24; ok pá fór hann höndum um hann, Bs. i. 644; þá lét Arnoddr fara aðra höndina um hann, ok fann at hann var berfættr ok í línklæðum. Dropl. 30; cp. fóru hendr hvítar hennar um þessar görvar, Fas. i. 248 (in a verse): note the curious mod. phrase, það fer að fara um mig, I began to feel uneasy, as from a cold touch or the like.

γ. impers. with dat.; eigi ferr þér nær Gunnari, en Merði mundi við þik, thou camest not nearer to G. than Mord would to thee, i. e. thou art just as far from being a match for G. as Mord is to thee, Nj. 37; þá ferr honum sem öðrum, it came to pass with him as with others, 172; þá mun mér first um fara, I shall fall much short of that, Fms. vi. 362; því betr er þeim ferr öllum verr at, the worse they fare the better I am pleased, Nj. 217.

V. reflex., esp. of a journey, to fare well; fórsk þeim vel, they fared well, Eg. 392, Fms. xi. 22; honum fersk vel vegrinn, he proceeded well on his journey, ii. 81; hafði allt farizt vel at, all had fared well, they had had a prosperous journey, Íb. 10; fórsk þeim þá seint um daginn, they proceeded slowly, Eg. 544; mönnum fórsk eigi vel um fenit, Fms. vii. 149; hversu þeim hafði farizk, Nj. 90; at þeim færisk vel, Ísl. ii. 343, 208, v. l.: the phrase, hamri fórsk í hægri hönd, he grasped the hammer in his right hand, Bragi; farask lönd undir, to subdue lands, Hkr. i. 134, v. l. (in a verse).

2. recipr., farask hjá, to go beside one another, miss one another, pass without meeting, Nj. 9; farask á mis, id., farask í móti, to march against one another, of two hosts; þat bar svá til at hvárigir vissu til annarra ok fórusk þó í móti, Fms. viii. 63, x. 46, Fas. ii. 515.

VI. part.,

1. act., koma farandi, to come of a sudden or by chance; þá kómu hjarðsveinar þar at farandi, some shepherds just came, Eg. 380; Moses kom farandi til fólksins, Sks. 574; koma inn farandi, 369, Fbr. 25.

2. pass. farinn, in the phrase, á förnum vegi, on ‘wayfaring,’ i. e. in travelling, passing by; finna e-n á förnum vegi, Nj. 258, K. Þ. K. 6; kveðja fjárins á förnum vegi, Grág. i. 403; also, fara um farinn veg, to pass on one’s journey; of the sun. sól var skamt farin, the sun was little advanced, i. e. early in the morning, Fms. xi. 267, viii. 146; þá var dagr alljós ok sól farin, broad day and sun high in the sky, Eg. 219; also impers., sól (dat.) var skamt farit, Úlf. 4. 10: the phrase, aldri farinn, stricken in years, Sturl. i. 212; vel farinn í andliti, well-favoured, Ld. 274; vel at orði farinn, well spoken, eloquent, Fms. xi. 193; mod., vel orði, máli farinn, and so Ld. 122; gone, þar eru baugar farnir, Grág. ii. 172; þó fætrnir sé farnir, Fas. iii. 308.

β. impers. in the phrase, e-m er þannig farit, one is so and so; veðri var þannig farit, at …, the winter was such, that …, Fms. xi. 34; veðri var svá farit at myrkt var um at litask, i. e. the weather was gloomy, Grett. 111; hversu landinu er farit, what is the condition of the country, Sks. 181; henni er þannig farit, at hón er mikil ey, löng …, ( the island) is so shapen, that it is large and long, Hkr. ii. 188; er eigi einn veg farit úgæfu okkari, our ill-luck is not of one piece, Nj. 183: metaph. of state, disposition, character, er hánum vel farit, he is a well-favoured man, 15; undarliga er yðr farit, ye are strange men, 154; honum var svá farit, at hann var vesal-menni, Boll. 352: adding the prepp. at, til, þeim var úlíkt farit at í mörgu, they were at variance in many respects, Hkr. iii. 97; nú er annan veg til farit, now matters are altered, Nj. 226; nú er svá til farit, at ek vil …, now the case is, that I wish …, Eg. 714; hér er þannig til farit, … at leiðin, 582; þar var þannig til farit, Fms. xi. 34. ☞ Hence comes the mod. form varið (v instead of f), which also occurs in MSS. of the 15th century—veðri var svá varit, Sd. 181; ér honum vel varið, Lv. 80, Ld. 266, v. l.; svá er til varið, Sks. 223, 224,—all of them paper MSS. The phrase, e-m er nær farit, one is pressed; svá var honum nær farit af öllu samt, vökum ok föstu, he was nearly overcome from want of sleep and fasting.

B. TRANS.

I. with acc.:

1. to visit; fara land herskildi, brandi, etc., to visit a land with ‘war-shield,’ fire, etc., i. e. devastate it; gékk siðan á land upp með liði sínu, ok fór allt herskildi, Fms. i. 131; land þetta mundi herskildi farit, ok leggjask undir útlenda höfðingja, iv. 357; (hann) lét Halland farit brandi, vii. 4 (in a verse); hann fór lvist eldi, 41 (in a verse); hann hefir farit öll eylönd brandi, 46 (in a verse); fara hungri hörund, to emaciate the body, of an ascetic, Sl. 71.

2. to overtake, with acc.; hann gat ekki farit hann, he could not overtake ( catch) him, 623. 17; tunglit ferr sólina, the moon overtakes the sun, Rb. 116; áðr hana Fenrir fari, before Fenrir overtakes her, Vþm. 46, 47; knegut oss fálur fara, ye witches cannot take us, Hkv. Hjörv. 13; hann gat farit fjóra menn af liði Steinólfs, ok drap þá alla, … hann gat farit þá hjá Steinólfsdal, Gullþ. 29; hann reið eptir þeim, ok gat farit þá út hjá Svelgsá, milli ok Hóla, Eb. 180; Án hrísmagi var þeirra skjótastr ok getr farit sveininn, Ld. 242; viku þeir þá enn undan sem skjótast svá at Danir gátu eigi farit þá, Fms. (Knytl. S.) xi. 377 (MS., in the Ed. wrongly altered to náð þeim); hérinn hljóp undan, ok gátu hundarnir ekki farit hann (Ed. fráit wrongly), Fas. iii. 374; ok renna allir eptir þeim manni er víg vakti, … ok verðr hann farinn, Gþl. 146: cp. the phrase, vera farinn, to dwell, live, to be found here and there; þótt hann sé firr um farinn, Hm. 33.

II. with dat. to destroy, make to perish; f. sér, to make away with oneself; kona hans fór sér í dísar-sal, she killed herself, Fas. i. 527; hón varð stygg ok vildi fara sér, Landn. (Hb.) 55; ef þér gangit fyrir hamra ofan ok farit yðr sjálfir, Fms. viii. 53; hví ætla menn at hann mundi vilja f. sér sjálfr, iii. 59; fara lífi, fjörvi, öndu, id.; skal hann heldr eta, en fara öndu sinni, than starve oneself to death, K. Þ. K. 130; ok verðr þá þínu fjörvi um farit, Lv. 57, Ýt. 20, Fas. i. 426 (in a verse), cp. Hkv. Hjörv. 13; mínu fjörvi at fara, Fm. 5; þú hefir sigr vegit, ok Fáfni (dat.) um farit, 23; farit hafði hann allri ætt Geirmímis, Hkv. 1. 14; ok létu hans fjörvi farit, Sól. 22; hann hafði farit mörgum manni, O. H. L. 11.

β. to forfeit; fara sýknu sinni, Grág. i. 98; fara löndum ok lausafé, ii. 167.

2. reflex. to perish (but esp. freq. in the sense to be drowned, perish in the sea); farask af sulti, to die of hunger, Fms. ii. 226; fellr fjöldi manns í díkit ok farask þar, v. 281; fórusk sex hundruð Vinda skipa, xi. 369; alls fórusk níu menn, Ísl. ii. 385; mun heimr farask, Eluc. 43; þá er himin ok jörð hefir farisk, Edda 12; farask af hita, mæði, Fms. ix. 47; fórsk þar byrðingrinn, 307; hvar þess er menn farask, Grág. i. 219; heldr enn at fólk Guðs farisk af mínum völdum, Sks. 732: of cattle, ef fé hins hefir troðisk eðr farisk á þá lund sem nú var tínt, Grág. ii. 286.

β. metaph., fersk nú vinátta ykkur, your friendship is done with, Band. 12.

γ. the phrase, farask fyrir, to come to naught, Nj. 131; at síðr mun fyrir farask nokkut stórræði, Ísl. ii. 340; en fyrir fórusk málagjöldin af konungi, the payment never took place, Fms. v. 278; lét ek þetta verk fyrir farask, vii. 158; þá mun þat fyrir farask, Fs. 20; en fyrir fórsk þat þó þau misseri, Sd. 150: in mod. usage (N. T.), to perish.

δ. in act. rarely, and perhaps only a misspelling: frá því er féit fór (fórsk better), K. Þ. K. 132; fóru (better fórusk, were drowned) margir Íslenzkir menn, Bs. i. 436.

3. part. farinn, as adj. gone, undone; nú eru vér farnir, nema …, Lv. 83; hans tafl var mjök svá farit, his game was almost lost, Fas. i. 523; þá er farnir vóru forstöðumenn Tróju, when the defenders of Troy were dead and gone, Ver. 36; tungl farit, a ‘dead moon,’ i. e. new moon, Rb. 34; farinn af sulti ok mæði, Fms. viii. 53; farinn at e-u, ruined in a thing, having lost it; farnir at hamingju, luckless, iv. 73; f. at vistum, xi. 33; f. at lausa-fé;. iii. 117: in some cases uncertain whether the participle does not belong to A.

v/i

1. (hat gestockt) im Sprechen, Gehen etc.: falter; (zögern) hesitate; Gespräch: falter, flag; WIRTS., Geschäfte: flag, slacken; (plötzlich aufhören) stop short; Fahrt: be interrupted; Motor: cut out; Verhandlungen etc.: break down, come to a standstill; Verkehr: be held up; immer wieder: be subject to hold-ups, proceed in fits and starts; ihm stockte das Herz fig. his heart missed a beat; ihm stockte der Atem he caught his breath; ihr stockte das Blut in den Adern her blood froze

2. (hat) MED., Blut: clot, coagulate

3. (hat oder ist) südd., österr., schw.; Milch: curdle

4. (hat) (stockig werden) Papier etc.: get mildew spots

* * *

to falter

* * *

1) (Herz, Puls) to miss or skip a beat; (Gedanken, Worte) to falter; (= nicht vorangehen) (Arbeit, Entwicklung) to make no progress; (Unterhaltung, Gespräch) to flag; (Verhandlungen) to grind to a halt; (Konjunktur, Geschäfte, Handel) to stagnate; (Verkehr) to be held up or halted

2) (= innehalten) (in der Rede) to falter; (im Satz) to break off, to stop short

3) (= gerinnen) (Blut) to thicken; (S Ger, Aus Milch) to curdle, to go sour

4) (= stockig werden) (Wäsche, Papier, Bücher) to become mildewed, to go mouldy (Brit) or moldy (US)

* * *

1) (to speak with hesitation: Her voice faltered.) falter

2) ((of water) to be or become stagnant.) stagnate

* * *

1. (innehalten)

▪ [in etw dat] \stocken to falter [in sth]

2. (zeitweilig stillstehen) to come to a [temporary] halt [or stop], to be held up

immer wieder stockte der Verkehr there were constant hold-ups in the [flow of] traffic

ins S\stocken geraten [o kommen] to stop, to grind to a halt

3. KOCHK (gerinnen) to thicken; Milch to curdle; Eier to set

* * *

1)

2) (unterbrochen sein) < traffic> be held up, come to a halt; <conversation, production> stop; <talks negotiations, etc.> grind to a halt; < business> slacken or drop off; < journey> be interrupted

3) (innehalten) falter

* * *

Stocken n; -s, kein pl:

ins Stocken geraten Sprecher: (begin to) falter; Verhandlungen: break down, come to a standstill; Geschäfte etc: begin to fall off ( oder slacken); Motor: start to miss ( oder cut out)

* * *

1)

2) (unterbrochen sein) < traffic> be held up, come to a halt; <conversation, production> stop; <talks negotiations, etc.> grind to a halt; < business> slacken or drop off; < journey> be interrupted

3) (innehalten) falter

(bý; bjó, bjoggum or bjuggum; búinn), v.

1) to prepare, make ready;

búa skip í för, to make a ship ready for a voyage;

búa ferð sína, to make ready for a journey (voyage);

búa veizlu, to prepare (make preparations) for a feast;

búa mál á hendr e-m, to take out a summons against one, be in a lawsuit;

2) to dress, attire, adorn, ornament;

bjó hón hana sem hón kunni bezt, she dressed her as well as she could;

sá þeir konur vel búnar, well dressed;

búa beð, rekkju, to make a bed;

búa öndvegi, hús, to make a high seat, adorn a house (for a feast);

öll umgjörðin var búin gulli ok silfri, adorned (mounted) with gold and silver;

vápn búit mjök, much ornamented;

3) to fix one’s abode in a place, = byggja( þegar munu jötnar Ásgarð búa);

4) to deal with, to treat;

þeir bjuggu búi sem þeim líkaði, they treated it as they liked, viz. recklessly;

Haraldr bjó heldr úsparliga kornum Sveins, used S.’s stores rather unsparingly;

5) to live, dwell (búa í tjöldum);

þeir bjuggu þar um nóttina, they stayed there during the night;

sá maðr bjó á skipi (had his berth) næst Haraldi;

6) to have a household (cattle, sheep, and milk);

meðan þú vilt búa, as long as thou will keep house;

búa á or at, with the name of the place added in dat., to live at or in (hann bjó á Velli; Gunnar bjó at Hlíðarenda);

7) to be, = vera( skip þau öll, er á vatni búa);

búa í skapi, brjósti e-m, to be, dwell in one’s mind (eigi býr þér lítit í skapi);

sýnandi þá hjartaliga gleði, er í brjósti býr, that fills the breast;

8) to behave, conduct onself (bjuggu þeir þar fremr úfriðliga);

9) with preps.:

búa af e-u, to lose;

láta e-n af baugum búa, to let him be deprived of his riches;

búa at e-u, to treat, = búa e-u (cf. 4);

þeir höfðu spurt hvern veg Þórólfr hafði búit at herbergjum þeirra, how Th. had treated their premises;

búa e-t fyrir, to prepare (þeir hlutir, er guð hefir fyrir búit sínum ástvinum);

búa fyrir, to be present (hann ætlar, at Selþórir muni fyrir búa í hverju holti);

búa hjá konu, to lie with a woman;

búa í e-u, to be at the bottom of, = búa undir e-u (en í þessu vináttumerki bjuggu enn fleiri hlutir);

búa með e-m or e-rri, to cohabit with;

búa með konu, to lie with;

búa saman, to live together (as husband and wife, as friends); to have a common household (ef menn búa saman);

búa e-t til, to prepare, take the preparatory steps in a case (búa sök, mál, vígsmál til, cf. 1);

búa til veizlu, to prepare for a feast;

búa til seyðis, to get the fire ready for cooking;

búa til vetrsetu, to make preparations for a winter abode;

búa um e-n, to make one’s bed (var búit um þá Þórodd á seti ok lögðust þeir til svefns);

Þórólfr lét setja upp skip sitt ok um búa, he had his ship laid up and fenced round;

kváðu nú Guðrúnu eiga at búa um rauða skör Bolla, said that G. would have to dress B.’s (her husband’s) bloody head;

búa um andvirki, to fence and thatch hayricks;

at búa svá um, at aldri mátti vökna, to pack it up so that it could not get wet;

búa svá um, at (with subj.), to arrange it so, that;

búa eigi um heilt við e-n, to be plotting something against one;

búa um nökkurn skoll, to brood over some mischief (deceit);

búa um grun, to be suspicious;

búa um hverfan hug, to be fickleminded;

gott er um öruggt at búa, to be in a safe position;

búa undir e-u, to be subject to, suffer, endure (hart mun þykkja undir at búa);

eiga undir slíkum ofsa at búa, to have to put up with such insolence; to be the (hidden) reason of, to be at the bottom of (þat bjó þar undir, at hann vildi taka ríkit undir sik);

þér vitið gørst, hvat yðr býr undir (what reason you have) at girnast eina útlenda mey;

búa e-n veg við e-n, to behave or act so and so towards one;

sárt býr þú nú við mik, Þóra, thou treatest me sorely;

búa við e-t, to enjoy (þú býr við eilífa ást ok bíðr eilífra ömbuna); to submit to, put up with;

ok mun eigi við þat mega búa, it will be too hard to bide;

búa yfir e-u, to hide, conceal;

framhlutr ormsins býr yfir eitri, is venomous;

lítill búkr býr yfir miklu viti, little body holds mickle wit;

búa yfir brögðum, flærð ok vélum, to brood over tricks, falsehood, and deceit;

10) refl., búast.

* * *

pret. sing. bjó, 2nd pers. bjótt, mod. bjóst; plur. bjoggu, bjöggu, and mod. bjuggu, or even buggu; sup. búit, búið, and (rarely) contr. búð; part. búinn; pret. subj. bjöggi, mod. byggi or bjyggi; pres. sing. indic. bý; pl. búm, mod. búum: reflex. forms býsk or býst, bjósk or bjóst, bjöggusk, búisk, etc.: poët. forms with suffixed negative bjó-at, Skv. 3. 39: an obsolete pret. bjoggi = bjó, Fms. ix. 440 (in a verse); bjöggisk = bjósk, Hom. 118. [Búa is originally a reduplicated and contracted verb answering to Goth. búan, of which the pret. may have been baibau: by bûan Ulf. renders Gr. οικειν, κατοικειν; Hel. bûan = habitare; Germ. bauen; Swed. and Dan. bo. The Icel. distinguishes between the strong neut. and originally redupl. verb búa, and the transit. and weak byggja, q. v.: búa seems to be kindred to Gr. φύω, εφυσα (cp. Sansk. bhû, bhavâmi, Lat. fui); byggja to Lat. făcio, cp. Swed.-Dan. bygga, Scot. and North. E. to ‘big,’ i. e. to build; cp. Lat. aedificare, nidificare: again, the coincidence in sense with the Gr. οικος, οικειν, Lat. vicus, is no less striking, cp. the references s. v. bú above. Búa, as a root word, is one of the most interesting words in the Scandin. tongues; bú, bær, bygg, bygð, byggja, etc., all belong to this family: it survives in the North. E. word to ‘big,’ in the Germ. bauen ( to till), and possibly (v. above) in the auxiliary verb ‘to be.’]

A. NEUTER, to live, abide, dwell, = Gr. οικειν, Lat. habitare; sú synd sem í mér býr, Rom. vii. 17, 20; í mér, þat er í mínu holdi, býr ekki gott, 18; hann sem býr í ljósinu, 1 Tim. vi. 16; fyrir Heilagan Anda sem í oss býr, 2 Tim. i. 14; Látið Christs orð ríkulega búa meðal yðar, Col. iii. 16; þá trú … sem áðr fyr bjó í þinni ömmu Loide, 2 Tim. i. 5; þat hit góða sem í oss býr, 14; hann sem býr í ljósinu, þar einginn kann til að komast, 1 Tim. vi. 16; hence íbúð, living in, etc.; in many of those passages some Edd. of N. T. use byggja, but búa suits better: of a temporary abode, hann bjó í tjöldum, he abode in tents, Fms. x. 413.

2. a naut. term; þeir bjuggu þar um nóttina, they stayed, cast anchor during the night, Fms. vii. 3: on board ship, to have one’s berth, sá maðr bjó á skipi næst Haraldi er hét Loðinn, 166; engi maðr skyldi búa á þessu skipi yngri en tvítugr, x. 321.

3. to live together as man and wife; henni hagar að b. við hann, 1 Cor. vii. 12; hagar honum hjá henni að b., 13; b. með húsfrú sinni, Stj. 47; b. við; Helgi prestr bjó við konu þá, er Þórdís hét (of concubinage), Sturl. i. 141; but búa saman, of wedded life, K. Á. 134.

4. b. fyrir, to be present in the place: at Selþórir muni fyrir b. í hverju holti, Fms. iv. 260: recipr., sjór ok skúgr bjoggusk í grend, Skálda 202, Baruch.

5. esp. (v. bú) to have a household, cattle, sheep, and milk; hence búandi, bóndi, bær, and bú; búa við málnytu ( milk), ok hafa kýr ok ær at búi, Nj. 236, Grág. i. 168, 335; b. búi (dat.), 153, K. Þ. K. 90; búa búi sínu, to ‘big ane’s ain biggin,’ have one’s own homestead.

β. absol., meðan þú vilt b., so long as thou wilt keep bouse, Hrafn. 9; b. vel, illa, to be a good (bad) housekeeper; vænt er að kunna vel að búa, Bb. 3. 1; Salomon kóngur kunni að b., 100; fara að b., to begin housekeeping, 2. 6; b. á jörðu, to keep a farm, gefa þeim óðul sín er á bjoggu, Fms. i. 21.

γ. búa á …, at …, i …, with the name of the place added, to live at or in a place; hann bjó á Velli (the farm) á Rangárvöllum (the county), Nj. 1; Höskuldr bjó á Höskuldstöðum, 2: hann bjó at Varmalæk, 22; hann bjó undir Felli, 16; Gunnarr bjó at Hlíðarenda, 29; Njáll bjó at Bergþórshváli, 30, 38, 147, 162, 164, 173, 174, 213, Landn. 39–41, and in numberless passages; Eb., Ld., Eg., Sturl., Bs., Ísl. ii, etc. (very freq.): also b. í brjósti, skapi, huga e-m, to be, dwell in one’s mind, with the notion of rooted conviction or determination, þess hins mikla áhuga, er þér býr í brjósti, Fms. iv. 80; því er mér hefir lengi í skapi búit, 78; ekki muntu leynask fyrir mér, veit ek hvat í býr skapinu, Lv. 16.

II. metaph. and with prepp.; b. um e-t, or b. yfir e-u, almost in an uncanny sense, to brood over hidden schemes, designs, resentment, or the like; búa um hverfan hug, to be of a fickle mind, Skv. 3. 39; b. eigi um heilt, to brood over something against one, to be insincere, Fms. xi. 365; b. um skoll, to brood over some deceit, id.; b. um grun, to be suspicious, ii. 87: in good sense, b. um eitt lunderni, to be of one mind, Jb. 17; b. um þrek, hug, to have a bold heart, Lex. Poët.: b. í or undir e-u, to be at the bottom of a thing; en í þessu vináttu merki bjoggu enn fleiri hlutir, Ó. H. 125; mart býr í þokunni (a proverb), many things bide in the mist; en þat b. mest undir ferð Áka, at …, Fms. xi. 45; þóttusk eigi vita hvat undir myndi b., Nj. 62: b. yfir e-u, to brood over something, conceal; (ormrinn) bjó yfir eitri, i. e. the snake was venomous, Fms. vi. 351: the saying, lítill búkr býr yfir miklu viti, little bulk hides mickle wit, Al.; b. yfir flærð ok vélum, to brood over falsehood and deceit, id.; b. yfir brögðum, Fas. i. 290: b. undir, við e-t, to live under or with a thing, to bide, put up with; eiga undir slíkum ofsa at b., to have to put up with such insolence, Fms. xi. 248; at hart mun þykkja undir at b., Nj. 90, 101; ok mun eigi við þat mega b., i. e. it will be too hard to bide, 164; því at bændr máttu eigi við hitt b., Fms. xi. 224.

III. in a half active sense; b. at e-u, or b. e-u (with dat.), to treat; þeir höfðu spurt hvern veg Þórólfr hafði búit at herbergjum þeirra, how Th. had used their premises, Eg. 85; þeir bjoggu búi sem þeim líkaði (where with dat.), i. e. they treated it recklessly, Bs. i. 544; Haraldr jarl fór til bús Sveins, ok bjó þá heldr úspakliga kornum hans, Orkn. 424 (in all passages in bad sense): búa vel saman, to live well together, be friendly, Fms. xi. 312; hence sam-búð, living together; b. við e-n, to treat one so and so; sárt býr þú við mik, Þóra, thou treatest me sorely, vii. 203.

B. ACTIVE, to make ready: the sense and form here reminds one of the Gr. ποιειν: [this sense is much used in Old Engl., esp. the part. bone, boon, or boun, ready, (‘boun to go,’ Chaucer, etc.); in later Engl. ‘boun’ was corrupted into ‘bound,’ in such naut. phrases as bound for a port, etc.: from this part, the ballad writers formed a fresh verb, to boun, ‘busk ye, boun ye;’ ‘busk’ is a remnant of the old reflex, búask, see Dasent, Burnt Njal, pref. xvi. note, and cp. below III.]

I. to make ready, ‘boun,’ for a journey; b. ferð, för sína; and as a naut. term, b. skip, to make ready for sea; bjoggu þeir ferð sína, Fms. ix. 453; en er þeir vóru búnir, Nj. 122; ok vóru þá mjök brott búnir, they were ‘boun’ for sea, Fms. vii. 101; bjó hann skip sitt, Nj. 128; en skip er brotið, svá at eigi er í för búanda á því sumri, i. e. ship unfit to go to sea, Grág. i. 92; b. sik til göngu, to be ‘boun’ for a walk, Ld. 46; b. sik at keyra, to make one ready for …, Nj. 91.

β. as a law term, b. sök, mál, or adding til, b. til sök, mál á hendr e-m, to take out a summons against one, begin a lawsuit; b. mál í dóm, of the preliminaries to a lawsuit, hence málatilbúningr, in numberless cases in the Grágás and Sagas.

γ. generally to prepare, make; b. smyrsl, to make ointments, Rb. 82.

2. = Old Engl. to boun, i. e. to dress, equip; b. sik, to dress; svá búinn, so dressed, Fms. xi. 272; hence búningr, dress (freq.); vel búinn, well-dressed, Nj. 3, Ísl. ii. 434; spari-búinn, in holiday dress; illa búinn, ill-dressed; síðan bjó hon hana sem hon kunni, she dressed her as well as she could, Finnb. 258; b. beð, rekkjur, to make a bed, Eg. 236; b. upp hvílur, id., Nj. 168; b. öndvegi, hús, to make a high seat, dress a house for a feast, 175, (hús-búnaðr, hús-búningr, tapestry); búa borð, to dress the table, (borð búnaðr, table-service); b. stofu, Fms. iv. 75.

β. búa til veizlu, to make ‘boun’ ( prepare) for a feast, Eg. 38, Fms. vii. 307; b. til seyðis, to make the fire ‘boun’ for cooking, Nj. 199; b. til vetrsetu, to make ‘boun’ for a winter abode, Fms. x. 42; til-búa, and fyrir-b., to prepare; eg fer héðan að til-b. yðr stað, John xiv. 3; eignizt það ríki sem yðr var til-búið frá upphafi veraldar, Matth. xxv. 34.

γ. b. um e-t, in mod. use with the notion of packing up, to make into a bundle, of parcels, letters, etc.; hence um-búningr and um-búðir, a packing, packing-cover; b. um rúm, hvílu, to make a bed; búa um e-n, to make one’s bed; var búið um þá Þórodd í seti, ok lögðusk þeir til svefns, Th.’s bed was made on the benches, and they went to sleep, Ó. H. 153; skaltú nú sjá hvar vit leggumk niðr, ok hversu ek bý um okkr (of the dying Njal), Nj. 701; er mér sagt at hann hafi illa um búit, of a dead body, 51; þeir höfðu (svá) um sik búit ( they had covered themselves so) at þá mátti eigi sjá, 261; kváðu nú Guðrúnu eiga at búa um rauða skör Bolla, said that G. would have to comb B.’s (her husband’s) bloody head, Ld. 244; búa svá um at aldri mátti vökna, pack it up so that it cannot get wet, Fms. vii. 225; Þórólfr lét setja upp skip ok um búa, he had the ship laid up and fenced it round (for the winter), Eg. 199; b. um andvirki, to fence and thatch bay-ricks, Grág. ii. 335: metaph. to manage, preserve a thing, Fms. ix. 52; aumlega búinn, in a piteous state, Hom. 115.

3. to ornament, esp. with metals or artificial work of any kind, of clothes laced with gold; kyrtill hlaðbúinn, Ísl. ii. 434, Nj. 48, Vm. 129: of gloves, B. K. 84: of a belt with stones or artificial work, Fms. xi. 271: of a drinking-horn, D. N. (Fr.); but esp. of a weapon, sword, or the like, enamelled with gold or silver (gull-búinn, silfr-búinn); búin gulli ok silfri, Fms. i. 15; búinn knífr, xi. 271; vápn búit mjök, much ornamented, ii. 255, iv. 77, 130, Eb. 226, 228.

β. part., búinn at e-u, or vel búinn, metaph. endowed with, well endowed; at flestum í þróttum vel búinn, Nj. 61, Fms. x. 295; at auð vel búinn, wealthy, 410; vel búinn at hreysti ok allri atgörvi, Eg. 82; bezt at viti búinn, Fms. xi. 51.

II. particular use of the part. pass, ‘boun,’ ready, willing; margir munu búnir at kaupa, ready, willing to buy, Fms. vi. 218; hann kvaðsk þess fyrir löngu búinn, Ld. 66, Fms. iii. 123; nefna vátta at þeir eru búnir ( ready) at leysa kvið þann af hendi, Grág. i. 54; vóru allir til þess búnir, Fms. xi. 360: compar., engir menn sýna sik búnari ( more willing) til liðveizlu, Sturl. i. 103: the allit. phrase, vera boðinn og búinn til e-s, vide bjóða VI: denoting fitted, adapted, ek em gamall, ok lítt b. at ( little fit to) hefna sona minna, Nj. 200; þótt ek sé verr til b. en hann fyrir vanheilsu sakir, Fms. vii. 275; eiga við búið (mod. vera við búinn), to keep oneself ready, to be on one’s guard, Bs. i. 537.

2. on the point of doing, about to do so and so; hann var búinn til falls, he was just about to tumble, Fms. x. 314; en áðr þeir kómu var búið til hins mesta váða, ix. 444, v. l.

β. neut. búið is used almost adverbially, on the point of, just about to; ok búið við skipbroti, Ísl. ii. 245; búið við váða miklum, Fms. ix. 310; sagði at þá var búit við geig mikinn með þeim feðgum, Eg. 158: this is rare and obsolete in mod. usage; and the Icel. now say, liggja við mér lá við að detta, where an old writer would have said, ek var búinn at detta; the sense would else be ambiguous, as búinn, vera búinn, in mod. usage means to have done; ég er búinn að eta, I have done eating; vera búinn að e-u (a work, business of any kind), to have done with it; also absol., eg er búinn, I have done; thus e. g. vera b. að kaupa, fyrir löngu b., b. at græða, leysa, etc., in mod. sense means to have done, done long ago; only by adding prepp. við, til (vera við búinn, til búinn) the part. resumes its old sense: on the other hand, búinn in the sense of having done hardly ever occurs in old writers.

γ. búð (búið) is even used adverbially = may be, may happen; with subj. with or without ‘at,’ búð, svá sé til ætlað, may be, it will come so to happen, Nj. 114; búð, dragi til þess sem vera vill, 185; búð, eigi fari fjarri því sem þú gazt til, id., Ed. Johns. 508, note c; búð, svá þykki sem ek grípa gulli við þá, 9, note 3; búð, eigi hendi hann slík úgipta annat sinn, 42; búð, ek láta annars víti at varnaði verða, 106; búð, vér þurfim enn hlífanna, Sturl. ii. 137 (vellum MSS.; um ríð, Ed., quite without sense), cp. also Eb. 27 new Ed.: in mod. usage it is freq. to say, það er búið, vel búið, albúið, etc., it is likely, most likely that …

δ. svá búit, adverbially, and proncd. as if one word, as matters stand, or even temp. at present, as yet; eigi mun hlýða svá búit, i. e. it will not do ‘so done,’ i. e. something else must be done, Eg. 507; eigi munu þér fá at unnit svá búið, i. e. not as yet, Fms. vii. 270; stendr þar nú svá búit (i. e. unchanged), um hríð, xi. 81; en berjask eigi svo búit, not fight as yet, Nj. 229; segja Eyjólfi til svá búins, they tell Eyolf the state of things, viz. that nothing had been done, Gísl. 41; þeir skildu við svá búit; þeir lögðu frá við svá búið, implying ‘vain effort,’ Germ. ‘unverrichteter Sache,’ Ísl. ii, Hkr. i. 340: at svá búnu, adverbially, as yet, at present; hann kvaðsk eigi fýsask til Íslands at svá búnu, Nj. 123, Fms. xi. 131; þenna draum segjum vér engum manni at svá búnu, this dream we will not tell to anybody as yet, Nj. 212; en at svá búnu tjár ekki, Fas. i. 364.

III. reflex. to ‘boun’ or ‘busk’ oneself, make oneself ready, equip oneself; gengu menn þá á skip sín, ok bjoggusk sem hvatligast, Fms. v. 15: adding the infinitive of a verb as predicate, bjósk hann at fara norðr til Þrandheims, Eg. 18; or ellipt., where búask thus denotes the act itself, nú býsk hann út til Íslands, i. e. he ‘busked’ him to go …, Nj. 10; bjoggusk þeir fóstbræðr í hernað, they went on a free-booting trip, Landn. 31; seg Agli at þeir búisk þaðan fimmtán, 94: or adding another verb denoting the act, in the same tense, bjósk Haraldr konungr úr Þrándheimi með skipaliði, ok fór suðr á Mæri, he ‘busked’ him … and went south, Eg. 7; the journey added in gen., búask ferðar sinnar, Fms. i. 3; búask menn ferða sinna, Ld. 177.

β. denoting intention, hidden or not put into action; fór sá kurr, at Skúli byggisk á land upp, Fms. ix. 483.

2. to prepare for a thing; búask við boði, veizlu, etc., Nj. 10, Korm. 10; b. (vel, kristilega) við dauða sínum, andláti sínu, (eccl.) to prepare for one’s death, Fs. 80, Bs. i. 74; búask við vetri, to provide for the winter, get store in, Fms. xi. 415; b. við úfriði, vii. 23.

β. to be on one’s guard, take steps to prevent a thing; nú ríða hér úvinir þínir at þér; skaltu svá við búask, i. e. be sure of that, make up thy mind, Nj. 264; bústu svá við, skal hann kveða, at …, Grág. ii. 244.

γ. such phrases as, búask um = búa um sik, to make one’s own bed, encamp, make oneself comfortable, Nj. 259; tjölduðu búðir ok bjöggusk vel um, 219; var hörð veðrátta, svá at ekki mátti úti um búask, Fms. x. 13. Ld. 348; in the last passage the verb is deponent.

3. metaph., b. við e-u, to expect, freq. in mod. usage; in phrases, það er ekki við að búast, it cannot be expected; búast við e-m, to expect a guest, or the like.

β. to intend, think about; eg býst við að koma, I hope to come; eg bjóst aldrei við því, I never hoped for that, it never entered my mind, and in numberless cases.

4. passive (very rare and not classical); um kveldit er matr bjósk = er m. var búinn, Fms. ix. 364.

put

vestito put on

mettere a punto meccanismo adjust

motore (fine-)tune

mettere in moto start (up)

mettere in ordine tidy up

mettere al sicuro put away safely

mettere su casa set up house

mettiamo che let's assume that

* * *

mettere v.tr.

1 to put*; (collocare, disporre) to place, to set*; (posare, deporre) to lay* (down), to put* (down): mise i libri sullo scaffale, he put the books on the shelf; metterò la nuova poltrona in camera mia, I'll put the new armchair in my bedroom; metti la firma a questa lettera, put your signature to this letter; metti questa scatola sulla tavola, put this box on the table; mise il denaro in tasca, he put the money in his pocket; mise tutti i giocattoli davanti al suo amico, he placed (o set) all his toys in front of his friend

2 (infondere) to inspire; (produrre, causare) to cause; to make*: l'idea di vederlo mi mette gioia, the idea of seeing him makes me very happy; questo tempo mi mette tristezza, this weather makes me sad; mettere fame, sete, to make (s.o.) hungry, thirsty; mettere paura a qlcu., to scare (o to frighten) s.o.; mettere soggezione (a qlcu.), to make (s.o.) uneasy; mettere terrore (a qlcu.), to terrify (s.o.)

3 (emettere) to put* forth: quel ragazzo sta mettendo i baffi, that boy is growing a moustache; mettere un dente, to cut a tooth; mettere i denti, to teethe; mettere le foglie, to grow (o to put forth) leaves; mettere radici, to put down roots (anche fig.)

4 (impiegare) to take*: quanto tempo ci hai messo a farlo?, how long did it take you to do it?

5 (investire) to put*; (scommettere, puntare) to bet*: ho messo 10 sterline su Golden Cloud, I bet (o put) ten pounds on Golden Cloud; ci ha messo tutti i suoi risparmi, he put all his savings in it

6 (indossare) to put* on; (portare) to wear*; mettiti l'abito azzurro, put on the blue dress; che cosa ti metterai al matrimonio?, what are you going to wear for the wedding?

7 (non com.) (ridurre, rendere) to turn: mettere in francese, to translate into French; mettere in versi, to turn into verse

8 (far pagare) to charge: quanto ti hanno messo per vitto e alloggio?, how much did they charge you for board and lodgings?

9 (ammettere) to suppose: mettiamo che abbia ragione, (let us) suppose he is right

10 (paragonare) to compare: non vorrai mettere la mia casa con la tua, you can't compare your house with mine; la sua è molto più bella, neanche da mettere, (fam.) hers is much nicer, there is no comparison

11 (installare) to lay* on, to put* in: ti hanno messo il telefono?, have they put in (o installed) the telephone?; domani verranno a mettere il gas, tomorrow they are coming to lay on the gas; non hanno ancora messo lo scaldabagno, they haven't installed the water heater yet

◆ v. intr. (sboccare) to lead* (to sthg.); (sfociare) to flow (into sthg.).

◘ mettersi v.rifl. o intr.pron.

1 to put* oneself; to place oneself: mi sono messo in una situazione imbarazzante, I have got (myself) into an awkward position; si mise vicino a sua moglie, he placed himself near his wife; mettere a sedere, to sit down; mettere a tavola, to sit down at the table // mettiti nei miei panni, put yourself in my shoes // mettere a capo di qlco., to assume control of sthg. // mettere a letto, (ammalarsi) to take to one's bed // mettere a proprio agio, in libertà, to make oneself at home (o comfortable) // mettere d'accordo su qlco., to come to an agreement about sthg. // mettere in contatto con qlcu., to get in touch with s.o. // mettere in mostra, to draw attention to oneself // (comm.) mettere in società con qlcu., to form a (o to go into) partnership with s.o. // mettere in urto con qlcu., to fall out with s.o. // mettere sotto, (accingersi a un lavoro di buona lena) to get down to it

2 (incominciare) to begin*, to start, to set* to (sthg.): si mise a lavorare, he started working; è ora di mettere a lavorare, it's time to get down to work; si mise a piovere, it began to rain; mettere in cammino, in viaggio, to set out (o off o forth)

3 (diventare) to become*, to turn: la situazione si mette male, the situation is taking a turn for the worse; il tempo si mette al bello, the weather turned out fine; mettere in sospetto, to become suspicious

4 (indossare) to wear*, to put* on (sthg.): non occorre mettere in abito da sera, you don't need to wear evening dress.

◆ FRASEOLOGIA: mettere a, to put to; mettere a bottega, to apprentice; mettere a confronto, to confront (o to compare); mettere a dieta, to put on a diet; mettere a disposizione di qlcu., to put at s.o.'s disposal; mettere a frutto, to invest; (ottica) mettere a fuoco, to focus; mettere agli atti, to file away; mettere a grano un campo, to plant a field with corn; mettere al bando, to ban; mettere al corrente qlcu. di qlco., to inform s.o. of (o to acquaint s.o. with) sthg.; mettere alla gogna, to pillory; mettere a letto, to put to bed; mettere alla porta qlcu., to show s.o. the door (o to turn s.o. out); mettere alla prova, to test (o to put to a test); mettere alla tortura, to torture; mettere all'incanto, all'asta, to put up for auction; mettere all'indice, to put on the Index; mettere al sicuro, to put into a safe place (o to preserve); mettere al trotto, to put into a trot; mettere a morte, to put to death; mettere a parte qlcu. di qlco., to tell s.o. sthg.; mettere a posto qlco., to put sthg. in its proper place, (aggiustare) to repair (o to adjust) sthg.: mettere le cose a posto, (fig.) to put things right; mettere a posto qlcu., (trovargli lavoro) to find a job for s.o., (dargli una lezione) to put s.o. in his place: ti metto a posto io!, I'll fix you!; mettere a profitto qlco., to turn sthg. to account: mettere a profitto un consiglio, to profit by advice; mettere a punto, to get ready, (un motore) to tune up; mettere a sacco, to sack; mettere a soqquadro, to turn upside-down (o to turn topsy-turvy) // mettere in, to put in (to): mettere in atto, to put into action; mettere in cantiere qlco., to begin work on sthg.; mettere in carta, to write down; mettere in chiaro qlco., to make sthg. clear; mettere in commercio, to put on sale; mettere in conto qlco. a qlcu., to put sthg. on s.o.'s account; mettere in dubbio, in forse qlco., to cast doubt on (o to question o to doubt) sthg.: non lo metto in dubbio, I don't doubt it; mettere in fila, to line up; mettere in fuga, to put to flight; mettere in funzione una macchina, to start a machine; mettere in giro, in piazza, to spread (o to broadcast); mettere in grado qlcu. di fare qlco., to enable s.o. to do sthg.; mettere nei guai qlcu., to land s.o. in a mess; mettere in guardia qlcu., to put s.o. on his guard; mettere in libertà, to set free; mettere in luce, in rilievo qlco., (fig.) to emphasize (o to stress o to highlight) sthg.; (tip.) mettere in macchina, to print; mettere qlco. in mano di qlcu., to put sthg. in s.o.'s hands; (mecc.) mettere in moto, in marcia, to start; mettere in musica, to set to music; (rad.) mettere in onda, to broadcast; mettere in opera, to start up (o to set running); mettere in ordine, to put (o to set) in order; mettere in pericolo, to endanger; mettere in pratica, to put into practice; mettere in prigione, to put in prison (o to imprison); mettere in salvo, to save; (teatr.) mettere in scena, to produce; mettere in tacere, to keep secret; mettere in vendita, to put on sale: mettere in vendita una casa, to put a house up for sale; mettere nel sacco, to fool (o to deceive) // mettersi in mente, in testa di fare qlco., to get (o to take) it into one's head to do sthg.: si mise in mente che la colpa fosse mia, he got it into his head that it was my fault; si mise in mente una strana idea, he got a strange idea into his head; si mise in testa di farlo, he took it into his head to do it // mettere su, to put on: mettere su arie, to put on airs; mettere su casa, to set up house; mettere su ciccia, (fam.) to put on weight; mettere su la minestra, (fam.) to put the soup on; mettere su un negozio, to set up a shop; mettere su i punti, (a maglia) to cast on stitches; mettere su qlcu. contro un altro, to set (o to incite) s.o. against another // mettere le ali ai piedi di qlcu., to lend wings to s.o.'s heels // mettere avanti, indietro un orologio, to put a watch forward, back // mettere il bastone tra le ruote, to put a spoke in s.o.'s wheel // mettere il carro davanti ai buoi, to put the cart before the horse // mettere qlcu. con le spalle al muro, alle strette, to get s.o. with his back to the wall // mettere da parte, to put (o to set o to lay) aside: ha messo da parte molto denaro, he has put a good bit of money aside // mettere dentro, (in prigione) to put inside // mettere disaccordo tra due persone, to set two people against each other // mettere fine a qlco., to put an end to sthg. // mettere fuoco a qlco., to set fire to sthg. (o to set sthg. on fire) // mettere fuori combattimento qlcu., (boxe) to knock s.o. out // mettere insieme, to put together, (raccogliere) to gather (o to collect) // mettere le mani addosso a qlcu., to lay hands on s.o., (molestare una donna) to touch s.o. up // mettere le mani su qlco., to lay one's hands on (o to take) sthg. // non credo che ci abbia messo mano, I do not think he has had a hand in it; mettere mano alla spada, to clap one's hand to one's sword // mettere il naso, il becco in qlco., to stick one's nose into sthg. // mettere nome a qlcu., to call (o to name) s.o.: gli ho messo nome Giovanni, I've named him John // mettere gli occhi addosso a qlcu., to set eyes on s.o. // mettere per iscritto, to put in writing // mettere piede in un posto, to set foot in a place // mettere una pulce nell'orecchio a qlcu., to sow doubts in s.o.'s mind // mettere i puntini sugli i, to dot one's i's // mettere sotto i piedi qlcu., to humiliate (o to trample on) s.o. // mettere sul lastrico qlcu., to turn s.o. out into the street, (fig.) to ruin s.o. // mettere tavola, to lay the table // mettere tempo in mezzo, to gain time // mettere la testa a partito, a posto, to settle down // mettere una tassa, to levy a tax.

* * *

1. ['mettere]

1) (porre) to put

2)

3)

4) (installare: telefono, gas, finestre) to put in, (acqua) to lay on

5) (sveglia, allarme) to set

6)

7)

8)

2. vr (mettersi)

1) to put o.s.

2)

3)

3. vip (mettersi)

1)

2)

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) (collocare, porre) to put*, to place, to set* [ oggetto]

2) (indossare) to put* on, to wear* [abito, gioiello]; to put* on [crema, rossetto]

3) (porre in una situazione, in uno stato)

4) (classificare) to put*, to rank

5) (appendere, attaccare) to put* up, to post up [poster, manifesto]

6) mus. telev. to play, to put* on [disco, cassetta, CD]

7) (installare) to put* in [riscaldamento, telefono]; to lay* on BE [luce, gas]; to put* in, to fit* [doccia, mensola]

8) (puntare)

9) (scrivere, inserire) to put* in [parola, virgola]

10) (rendere, volgere)

11) (aggiungere) to add, to put* [ ingrediente]

12) (dedicare) to put* (in) [energia, impegno]

13) (impiegare)

14) (investire, spendere) to put* [ denaro] (in into)

15) colloq. (fare pagare)

16) (imporre) to put* (on), to impose [ tassa]

17) (infondere, provocare) to cause, to inspire

18) (azionare)

19) colloq. (confrontare) to compare

20) colloq. (supporre) to suppose, to assume

21) mettere su (dare inizio)

22) mettere sotto

verbo intransitivo (aus. avere) colloq. (regolare)

verbo pronominale mettersi

1) (collocarsi) to put* oneself

2) (infilarsi)

3) (indossare) to put* on, to wear* [abito, gioiello]; to put* on [crema, rossetto]

4) (cominciare)

5) (porsi in una situazione, in uno stato)

6) colloq.

7) (evolversi)

••

* * *

mettere

/'mettere/ [60]

I verbo transitivo

 1 (collocare, porre) to put*, to place, to set* [ oggetto]; mettere i piatti in tavola to put the plates on the table; mettere una tovaglia to put on a tablecloth; ti ho messo le lenzuola pulite I've changed the sheets for you; mettere i piedi sul tavolo to put one's feet on the table; mettere le mani in tasca to put one's hands in one's pockets; mettere la biancheria ad asciugare to put the washing out to dry; mettere un annuncio sul giornale to place an advertisement in the paper; mettere giù (il ricevitore) to hang up, to put down the receiver, to ring off BE

 2 (indossare) to put* on, to wear* [abito, gioiello]; to put* on [crema, rossetto]; non metto mai il cappello I never wear a hat; metti la sciarpa! put your scarf on!

 3 (porre in una situazione, in uno stato) mettere qcn. di buonumore, di cattivo umore to put sb. in a good, bad mood; mettere qcn. contro qcn. altro to play sb. off against sb.; mettere qcn. a dieta to put sb. on a diet; mettere alla prova to put to the test; mettere in dubbio to question; mettere in fuga qcn. to put sb. to flight; mettere in libertà to set free; mettere qcs. in vendita to put sth. up o offer sth. for sale

 4 (classificare) to put*, to rank; tra gli scrittori, lo metto al primo posto I rank him the best writer of all; mettere i bambini, la sicurezza davanti a tutto to put children, safety first

 5 (appendere, attaccare) to put* up, to post up [poster, manifesto]

 6 mus. telev. to play, to put* on [disco, cassetta, CD]; mettere un po' di musica to play music

 7 (installare) to put* in [riscaldamento, telefono]; to lay* on BE [luce, gas]; to put* in, to fit* [doccia, mensola]; fare mettere il telefono to have a telephone put in; mettere la moquette to lay a carpet

 8 (puntare) mettere la sveglia alle sette to set the alarm for 7 am; mettere avanti, indietro l'orologio to put forward, back the clock

 9 (scrivere, inserire) to put* in [parola, virgola]; metta una firma qui sign here

 10 (rendere, volgere) mettere in versi to put into verse; mettere in musica to set to music

 11 (aggiungere) to add, to put* [ ingrediente]

 12 (dedicare) to put* (in) [energia, impegno]; mettercela tutta to try one's hardest o best to do; mettici più impegno! try harder!

 13 (impiegare) non metterci tanto don't be long; ci ho messo due ore it took me two hours; ci hanno messo molto a decidere they've been a long time making up their minds; ce ne hai messo di tempo! you took a long time!

 14 (investire, spendere) to put* [ denaro] (in into)

 15 colloq. (fare pagare) a quanto mette le patate? what price have you put on the potatoes? what are you asking for potatoes?

 16 (imporre) to put* (on), to impose [ tassa]

 17 (infondere, provocare) to cause, to inspire; mettere paura a qcn. to frighten sb., to give sb. a scare; mettere allegria to cheer, to delight; mettere sete, fame a qcn. to make sb. thirsty, hungry

 18 (azionare) mettere la retromarcia to go into reverse, to put the car into reverse; mettere la seconda to shift into second gear AE; mettere gli anabbaglianti to dip one's headlights BE

 19 colloq. (confrontare) to compare; vuoi mettere questo ristorante con quella bettola? how can you compare this restaurant with that greasy spoon? vuoi mettere? there's no comparison!

 20 colloq. (supporre) to suppose, to assume; mettiamo il caso che... let's assume that...; mettiamo che sia vero suppose (that) it's true

 21 mettere su (dare inizio) mettere su famiglia to start a family; mettere su casa to set up home o house; mettere su un negozio to set up o start up shop; (ingrassare) mettere su peso, chili to put on weight, kilos; (sul fornello) mettere su il caffè colloq. to put the coffee on; (allestire) mettere su uno spettacolo to put on o stage a show

 22 mettere sotto mettere sotto qcn. (investire) to run over o down sb.; (fare lavorare) to work sb. hard

II verbo intransitivo

 (aus. avere) colloq. (regolare) mettere sul terzo (canale) to switch to channel 3

III mettersi verbo pronominale

 1 (collocarsi) to put* oneself; - rsi in un angolo to place oneself in a corner; - rsi in piedi to stand up; - rsi in ginocchio to go o get down on one's knees, to kneel; - rsi a letto to go to bed, to take to one's bed; mettiti seduto sit down there; - rsi a tavola to sit down to dinner o to a meal

 2 (infilarsi) - rsi le mani in tasca to put one's hands in one's pockets; - rsi una caramella in bocca to pop a sweet in(to) one's mouth

 3 (indossare) to put* on, to wear* [abito, gioiello]; to put* on [crema, rossetto]; che cosa ti metti stasera? what are you wearing tonight? non ho niente da mettermi I haven't got a thing to wear; - rsi in pigiama to get into one's pyjamas; - rsi in maschera to put on o wear fancy dress

 4 (cominciare) -rsi a studiare inglese, a giocare a tennis to take up English, tennis; - rsi a bere to take to the bottle; - rsi a cantare to burst into song, to burst out singing; - rsi a correre to break into a run; si è messo a nevicare it started to snow o snowing

 5 (porsi in una situazione, in uno stato) - rsi dalla parte del torto to put oneself in the wrong; - rsi nei guai to get into trouble; - rsi in salvo to flee to safety; - rsi in viaggio to go on a journey; -rsi contro qcn. to set oneself against sb.

 6 colloq. - rsi insieme [soci, amici] to team up; [ innamorati] to pair off

 7 (evolversi) le cose si mettono male per noi things are looking black for us; dipende da come si mettono le cose it depends how things turn out; il tempo si è messo al bello the weather is set fair

IDIOMS

come la mettiamo? (di fronte a difficoltà) so where do we go from here? (per chiedere una spiegazione) what have you got to say for yourself? - rsi sotto (impegnarsi) to set to.

I 〈 overgankelijk werkwoord〉

1 [begin maken met] begin ⇒ start, commence

2 [trachten/beginnen te doen] do

♦voorbeelden:

1   een reis aanvangen • set out on a journey

2   de brandweer kon niets meer aanvangen • the fire brigade was helpless

     daar is niets mee aan te vangen • it is hopeless/useless

II 〈 onovergankelijk werkwoord〉

1 [beginnen te gebeuren] begin ⇒ start, commence

♦voorbeelden:

1   de reis ving aan • the journey began

- dzień powszedni (roboczy) weekday; (zwykły) ordinary day

- pociąg kursuje wyłącznie w dni powszednie the train only runs on weekdays

- tak wygląda nasz dzień powszedni that’s what a typical day is like

- dzień pracy a. roboczy a working day GB, a workday US

- dzień wolny od pracy a holiday

- autobus nie kursuje w święta i dni wolne od pracy the bus does not run on Sundays or holidays

- dzień świąteczny a holiday

- wziąć dzień urlopu to take a day off

- tego dnia było pochmurno it was a cloudy day

- pewnego dnia one day

- pewnego dnia się o tym dowiecie you’ll get to know about it one day

- pewnego dnia obudzisz się i… one day you’ll wake up and…

- na drugi/trzeci dzień a. drugiego/trzeciego dnia on the second/third day

- trzeciego dnia poczuła się lepiej she felt better on the third day

- cztery dni później four days later

- co drugi/co trzeci dzień every second/third day

- lada dzień any day now

- wydarzenie/temat/bohater dnia an event/topic/hero of the day

- mieć swój dzień to have ones day

- to był mój wielki dzień it was my big day

- mam dziś dobry dzień today is my lucky day

- dziś mam zły dzień, robota mi się nie klei this really isn’t my day, work is heavy going

- pechowy/szczęśliwy dzień unlucky a. bad/lucky day

- co dzień every day, daily

- ubranie na co dzień clothes for everyday use

- na co dzień chodziła w spodniach she normally a. usually wore trousers

- wstał jak co dzień przed piątą as usual he got up before five o’clock

- tak na co dzień pusto tu i ciemnawo usually, it’s an empty and dark place

- co dnia książk. every day, daily

- spotykał ją co dnia he met her every day

- dzień w dzień day in day out, day by a. after day

- matka wydzwania do nas dzień w dzień mother phones us every single day

- w tych dniach one of these days, any day now

- wyjeżdża w tych dniach he’s leaving any day now

- na dniach pot. any day now

- powinien wrócić na dniach he should return any day now

- z dnia na dzień (nagle) from one day to the next; (stopniowo) day by day

- odkładać coś z dnia na dzień to delay doing sth

- żyć z dnia na dzień to live from hand to mouth a. a hand-to-mouth existence

- z dnia na dzień nabierają wprawy they are becoming more proficient by the day

- z dnia na dzień musiał zmienić mieszkanie he had to move unexpectedly

- ciężki/pracowity dzień a hard/busy day

- spędzić dzień na zakupach/na plaży to spend the day shopping/on the beach

- dobrze rozpocząć/zakończyć dzień to begin the day/end the day well

- było jeszcze ciemno, kiedy w szpitalu zaczął się dzień it was still dark outside when the day began at the hospital

- przez cały dzień the whole day

- przez cały dzień przygotowywała się do przyjęcia it took her the whole day to get ready for the party

- uszycie sukienki zajęło jej cały dzień it took her the whole day to sew the dress

- cały (boży) dzień the whole day long

- siedzą cały dzień za biurkami i nic nie robią they sit at their desks all day long doing nothing

- cały dzień spędził w łóżku/przed telewizorem he spent the whole day in bed/watching television

- całymi dniami a. po całych dniach all day (long)

- całymi dniami a. po całych dniach nie ma go w domu he’s never at home

- dzień i noc a. dniem i nocą a. dniami i nocami day and night

- pracował dniami i nocami he worked day and night

- krem na dzień a day cream

- dzień dobry good day; (rano) good morning; (po południu) good afternoon

- na dzień dobry (na powitanie) in salutation; pot., przen. (na początek) for a start

- ukłonić się komuś/pocałować kogoś na dzień dobry to greet sb/to greet sb with a kiss

- na dzień dobry dostał służbowy samochód for starters he was given a company car