ἀπο-πειράομαι

ἀπο-πειράομαι, [tense] fut. -άσομαι [ᾱ]: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἀπεπειράθην, [dialect] Ion. -ήθην, v. infr.:—

A make trial or proof of.., τῶν μαντηΐων, τῶν δορυφόρων, Hdt.1.46, 3.128;

ἀ. ἑκάστου εἰ ναυμαχίην ποιέοιτο Id.8.67

, cf. 9.21; ἀ. γνώμης [ἑκάστου] Id.3.119;

τῆς γνώμης ἀποπειρῶ Ar.Nu. 477

, cf. And.1.105;

ἀ. τινὸς εἰ δύναιτο ἀληθεύειν X. Cyr.7.2.17

, cf. 2.3.5; ναυμαχίας ἀποπειρᾶσθαι to venture it, Th.4.24: abs.,

ἐπεὰν ἀποπειρηθῇ Hdt.2.73

; freq. in Pl., to express the dialectical trial of an opponent, Prt. 311b, 349c, al.

II [voice] Act., esp. in Th.,

τῆς Καρχηδονίων ἀρχῆς καὶ αὐτῶν ἀποπειράσοντες 6.90

;

ὅπως ναυμαχίας ἀποπειράσωσι 7.17

; ἀποπειρᾶσαι τοῦ Πειραιῶς make an attempt on the Piraeus, etc., 2.93, cf. 4.121: abs.,

κατὰ γῆν ἀ. 4.107

, cf. 7.36;

τῶν τειχῶν App.BC5.36

, etc.

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `test, research, experience' (Alcm., Thgn., Pi., IA.).

Compounds: As 2. member a.o. in ἔμ-πειρος (s.v.); with ā-stem (cf. Schwyzer 451) in ἱππο-πείρης m. `horse specialist' (Anacr. 75, 6), μονο-πεῖραι ( λύκοι) `hunting alone' (Arist., Men.), the last referring to πειράομαι (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 101 f.); ἀ-πείρων `unexperienced' (S.) for usu. ἄ-πειρος after ἀπείρων from πεῖραρ (s. v.) ? Backformations like ἀνά-, ἀπό-, διά-πειρα (Pi., IA.) from ἀνα-πειράομαι etc. On ταλαπείριος s. v.

Derivatives: Three denominatives: 1. πειράομαι, more rare - άω, often w. prefix like ἀνα-, δια-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, `to tempt, to put to the test, to try' (Il.). From it πειρᾱ-τής m. `pirate' (hell.) with - τικός `belonging to pirates' (Str., Ph.), - τεύω `to act like a pirate' (LXX); πειρατήριον, Ion. - ητ- n. `(juridical) trial' (Hp., E.). `gang of pirates, pirates' nest' (LXX, Str.), πειρητήριος `exploring, trying' (Hp.); πείρασις f. `temptation, assault' (Th., D. C.; can also belong to 2.). -- 2. πειράζω, Aor. - άσαι, - ασθῆναι (Od., Arist., hell.), Cret. fut. πειράξω, κατα-πειράσω Lys., also w. κατα-, ἐκ-, ἀπο- a.o., `to tempt, to put to the test, to assault'. From there πειρ-ασμός m. `temptation' (LXX, NT), - αστής m. `tempter' (Ammon. Gramm.), - αστικός `belonging to, fit for tempting, trying' (Arist.), ἀ-πείρασ-τος `unexperienced, untempted' (hell.); to πείρασις s. on πειράομαι. -- 3. πειρη-τίζω (only presentst.) `to tempt, to explore, to assault' (Il.; on the fomation Schwyzer 706).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [818] * per- `try'

Etymology: Formed like στεῖρα, σπεῖρα, μοῖρα etc., so \< *πέρ-ι̯α (Aeol. πέρρα after Choerob. An. Ox. 2, 252), ι̯α-deriv. from a basis of unknown function (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Form. 98 f.). Backformation from πειράομαι (Sommer Nominalkomp. 118 as alternative) is certainly possible, but the formation of the verb then remains unclear. -- Certain cognates presents only Latin in perī-tus `experience', perī-culum `attempt, danger, proces', ex-perior, - īrī `try, put to the test', of which the ī-element seems to be connected with the Greek suffix. Arm. p` orj `attempt', if with Meillet BSL 36, 110 to be connected, must represent an aspirated (expressive) anlaut. Further uncertain or improbable connections with Celt. and Germ. in WP. 2, 28f., Pok. 818, W.-Hofmann s. perī-culum. Connection with the great group of πείρω, περάω (s. vv.) is very probable.

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