חשך

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חָשַׂךְ
A(qal): 1. удерживать, задерживать;
2. сохранять, сберегать, щадить, жалеть.
B(ni): 1. удерживаться;
2. быть сохранённым.

חָשַׁךְ A(qal): темнеть, меркнуть. E(hi): 1. затемнять, омрачать; 2. темнеть, помрачаться.

חֹשֶׁךְ
темнота, тьма, мрак, сумерки.

חָשֹׁךְ
тёмный, мрачный;
перен. незнатный, простой.

חָשַׂךְv. חָסַךְ.

חֲשַׂךְ(v. חָסַךְ) to spare, withhold. Targ. Prov. 13:24 חָשֵׂךְ, חָשֵׂיךְ (part.). Ib. 17:27. Af. אַחְשַׂךְ to deduct. Y.Pes.IV, end, 31c מַחְשַׂכְנָא (not מחשב׳), v. גּוֹדְלָנָא.

חָשַׁךְ(b. h.; cmp. חשש) (to be pressed, thick, to be dark. Sabb.34a; 51a משחָשְׁכָה; ib. IV, 2 משתֶּחְשַׁךְ when it darkens (at nightfall, v. חֲשֵׁיכָה). Snh.22a עולם ח׳ בעדו the world around him is dark; Ab. Zar.8a (some ed. חָשוּךְ). Ber.16b אל יֶחְשְׁכוּוכ׳ let not our eyes, be obscured; a. fr. V. חָשוּךְ. Hif. הֶחְשִׁיךְ 1) to be overtaken by ( the Sabbath) nightfall. Sabb.XXIV, 1 מי שה׳ בדרך he who is on the road at nightfall (on Friday). 2) to wait for the nightfall, to make preparations to be ready for work on the exit of the Sabbath, v. חֲשִׁיכָה. Ib. XXIII, 3 אין מַחְשִׁיכִין עלוכ׳ you must not, during the day, walk to the extreme end of the Sabbath limit to await the night there for the purpose of hiring workmen etc.; אבל מַחְשִׁיךְ הואוכ׳ but one may do so for the purpose of going at nightfall to watch his field, and then he may also take his fruits home. Ib. להַחְשִׁיךְ עליו to await the night at the Sabbath limit for the purpose of doing it. Ib. 4; a. fr. 3) to darken, obscure. Cant. R. to I, 1 (ref. to חשכים, Prov. 22:29) that is Potifar שה׳הקב״הוכ׳ whose eyes the Lord darkened etc. Ex. R. s. 51 (ref. to חשכה, Gen. 15:12) that is Media שהֶחְשִׁיכָהוכ׳ who made Israels eyes dim (with tears) by her decrees. Pesik R. S. 47 (ref. to Job 38:2) הֶחְשַׁכְתָּוכ׳ (not החשב׳) thou hast obscured the council which I held in heavens (when the Lord vouched for Jobs integrity); a. fr. 4) to become dark. Midr. Till. to Ps. 18:12 (ref. to the versions חשכת, Ps. l. c., and חשרת 2 Sam. 22:12) when the clouds are laden with the waters, הן מַחְשִׁיכִין מן המיםוכ׳ they receive a dark color from the waters, and afterwards they drop them as through a sieve.

חֲשַׁךְ, חֲשוֹךְI ch. sam( Hif. הֶחְשִׁיךְ nightfall). Targ. Job. 18:6. Targ. Ex. 10:15; a. fr.Taan.10a חֲשוּךְ ענניוכ׳ when the clouds are dark, they contain much water. Pa. חַשֵּׁיךְ 1) to darken, obscure. Targ. Ps. 105:28; a. e. 2) to do something at night, to be late. Tam.27b חַשֵּׁיךְ תקין נפשךוכ׳ at bed-time attend to thy body, and in the morning etc. Ber.8a מקדמי ומְחַשְּׁכֵיוכ׳ they go to Synagogue early and late. Ib. קדימו וחַשִּׁיכוּ ועיילווכ׳ (Ms. M. ואַחְשִׁיכוּ, Af., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) go ye early and late to etc. Targ. Y. Deut. 28:65, v. מַחַשְׁכָן. Af. אַחְשִׁיךְ 1) to obscure. Targ. Job 38:2; a. e. 2) to do something late. Targ. 1 Sam. 17:16.Ber. l. c., v. supra. Ithpe. אִיתְחֲשַׁךְ, אַיחֲשַׁךְ to grow dark. Targ. Ps. 69:24; a. e.Snh.96a עד דאתא איח׳ by the time he came it had grown dark.

חֲשַׁךְ, חֲשוֹךְII (cmp. חסך) to be reduced, lean. Targ. Ps. 31:11 (h. text עששו, v. Rashi a. l.) Ithpe. אִתְחֲשַׁךְ same. Targ. Job 33:21 Ms. (ed. שפיין).

חשֶׁךְ, חוֹשֶׁךְm. (b. h.; חָשַׁךְ) darkness. Ex. R. s. 14. Ḥag.12a; a. v. fr.הָרֵי ח׳ Dark Mountains, behind which the Amazons live ( Amazonici Mountes, v. Sm. Class. Dict. s. v.). Lev. R. s. 27; Pesik. Shor, p. 74a>; Tam.32a. (The Jewish legend relating the meeting of Alexander the Great with the Amazons seems to point to Africa, v. קרטגינא).

אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַm. (v. P. Sm. 408) box-tree or ebony tree (prob. a denom. of אשך = חשך, cmp. גּוּשְׁקְרָא). Neg. II, 1 כא׳ לא שחוריםוכ׳ like the eshkroa, neither black nor white but of an intermediate color. B. Bath89b אשב׳ ed. (corr. acc., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30). Yoma III, 9 (8) גורלות של א׳ ballot tablets of box-wood (cmp. Sm. Ant. s. v. Buxum); expl. Y. ib. 41a top פסקינין = פוקס׳ (πύξινον).

אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַm. (v. P. Sm. 408) box-tree or ebony tree (prob. a denom. of אשך = חשך, cmp. גּוּשְׁקְרָא). Neg. II, 1 כא׳ לא שחוריםוכ׳ like the eshkroa, neither black nor white but of an intermediate color. B. Bath89b אשב׳ ed. (corr. acc., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30). Yoma III, 9 (8) גורלות של א׳ ballot tablets of box-wood (cmp. Sm. Ant. s. v. Buxum); expl. Y. ib. 41a top פסקינין = פוקס׳ (πύξινον).

זְעֵירI, זְעֵר, זְעַר, fut. יִזְעַר, נִזְעַר (cmp. זוּעַ; b. h. זְעֵיר) 1) to be slender, small; to be reduced, diminished. Targ. Prov. 10:27, v. זְעִי. Targ. Jer. 29:6; a. fr.Y.Sabb.VIII, 11a bot. זַעֲרַת ולא ז׳וכ׳ it (the measure) was reduced, but was not made as small as it had been before; v. Ithpe. 2) (cmp. צער) to get sick. Gen. R. s. 33 ותִזְעַר נפשיה and he may get sick. 3) to restrain. Targ. 2 Sam. 18:16 ed. Lag. a. Ar. (ed. מנע; h. text חשך). Af. אַזְעֵיר, אַזְעֵר, אַזְעַר 1) to reduce, do little. Targ. Ex. 16:17; 18 (h. text הִמְעִיט). Targ. Lev. 25:16; a. fr.Targ. Y. Num. 22:6 לאַזְעוֹרֵיה to reduce (defeat) him (h. text נכה). 2) to be small. Targ. O. Ex. 12:4; a. e. Ithpa. אִזְדְּעַר, אִזְּעַר to be made smaller. Targ. Y. Gen. 1:16.Y.Shek.III, 47c top (read:) אִזְּעִירָא ולא אִזְּעָרַתוכ׳ it was reduced, but not made as small, v. supra.

זְעֵירI, זְעֵר, זְעַר, fut. יִזְעַר, נִזְעַר (cmp. זוּעַ; b. h. זְעֵיר) 1) to be slender, small; to be reduced, diminished. Targ. Prov. 10:27, v. זְעִי. Targ. Jer. 29:6; a. fr.Y.Sabb.VIII, 11a bot. זַעֲרַת ולא ז׳וכ׳ it (the measure) was reduced, but was not made as small as it had been before; v. Ithpe. 2) (cmp. צער) to get sick. Gen. R. s. 33 ותִזְעַר נפשיה and he may get sick. 3) to restrain. Targ. 2 Sam. 18:16 ed. Lag. a. Ar. (ed. מנע; h. text חשך). Af. אַזְעֵיר, אַזְעֵר, אַזְעַר 1) to reduce, do little. Targ. Ex. 16:17; 18 (h. text הִמְעִיט). Targ. Lev. 25:16; a. fr.Targ. Y. Num. 22:6 לאַזְעוֹרֵיה to reduce (defeat) him (h. text נכה). 2) to be small. Targ. O. Ex. 12:4; a. e. Ithpa. אִזְדְּעַר, אִזְּעַר to be made smaller. Targ. Y. Gen. 1:16.Y.Shek.III, 47c top (read:) אִזְּעִירָא ולא אִזְּעָרַתוכ׳ it was reduced, but not made as small, v. supra.

חֶשְׁכָּאch. sam(חשך, חושךְ Amazonici Mountes). Targ. Ps. 18:29 (Ms. חבריא, v. הַבִירָא); Targ. 2 Sam 22:29 (ed. Lag. חֲשוֹכָא). Targ. Ps. 88:13 חֲשַׁךְ, constr. (Ms. חֲשוֹךְ).V. חַשְׁכּוּתָא.

חֶשְׁכָּאch. sam(חשך, חושךְ Amazonici Mountes). Targ. Ps. 18:29 (Ms. חבריא, v. הַבִירָא); Targ. 2 Sam 22:29 (ed. Lag. חֲשוֹכָא). Targ. Ps. 88:13 חֲשַׁךְ, constr. (Ms. חֲשוֹךְ).V. חַשְׁכּוּתָא.

עֲרָפֶלm. (b. h.; v. עָרַף 2) cloud; spray; mist; ʿĂrafel, the lower sky. Ḥag.12b חשך ענן וע׳וכ׳ darkness, cloud, and mist surround him. Tanḥ. Vayera 23 פתחהקב״ה את הרקיע ואת הע׳ the Lord opened the sky and the ʿărafel. Mekh. Yithro, Baḥod., s. 2 (ref. to בעב הענן, Ex. 19:9) בענן עבה ואיזה זה ע׳ in a thick cloud; and what is this? This is ʿărafel; a. e.