בממון

אַחַר(b. h.; v. foreg.), pl. constr. אַחֲרֵי after, behind. Gen. R. s. 44 wherever the Bible uses the preposition aḥaré סמוך, it means in connection with, אחר מופלג while aḥar means without connection ( later on). Yoma 6a אחר א׳ after ‘after, i. e. some time after the act, opp. חד אחר one ‘after, immediately, v. אֶוְתִּיוֹס.לְאַחֲרָיו, לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, מֵאַחֲרָיו, מֵאַחֲרֶיהָ after it, as concluding, opp. לפניה, לפניו introductory (prayer).Ber.I, 4 אחת לא׳ one benediction after the Shma. Ib. III, 4 לאחריו (prayer) after meal; a. fr.כִּלְאַחַר יד as if doing a thing with the back of the hand, i. e. in a manner different from the usual way of doing it. Sabb.153b; a. fr.מֵאַחַר 1) (conj. followed by ש־ or ד־) after, since, whereas, because. Ḥull.29a מא׳ ששנינו after it has once been stated in the Mishnah … why was it necessary (?) Ib. b ומאחר דאפי׳וכ׳ and since it is not even rabbinically unfit, why ; a. fr. 2) a legal term, meaḥar, the presumption of the truth of ones statement, because he might have pleaded more profitably, if he had been inclined to lie. Y.Shebu.VI, 36d bot. אין אומרים בממון מא׳ מאחרוכ׳ in money matters we do not apply the principle of meaḥer, so as to say that because he might have said ‘thou hast not lent me anything, he may say, ‘thou didst lend me, but I paid half of it (and his plea must be accepted without an oath); v. מִיגּוֹ s. v. גּוֹ.אַחֲרֶיךָ thy successor. Y.Kil.IX, 32c top יהודה בני א׳וכ׳ my son Judah shall succeed thee, none else (is worthy). Keth.95b my property I bequeath to thee ואַחְרַיִיךְ לפ׳ and after thee it shall go over to …אַחַר כָּךְ (abbrev. אח״כ) afterwards, subsequently. Pes.X, 2; a. v. fr.

אַחַר(b. h.; v. foreg.), pl. constr. אַחֲרֵי after, behind. Gen. R. s. 44 wherever the Bible uses the preposition aḥaré סמוך, it means in connection with, אחר מופלג while aḥar means without connection ( later on). Yoma 6a אחר א׳ after ‘after, i. e. some time after the act, opp. חד אחר one ‘after, immediately, v. אֶוְתִּיוֹס.לְאַחֲרָיו, לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, מֵאַחֲרָיו, מֵאַחֲרֶיהָ after it, as concluding, opp. לפניה, לפניו introductory (prayer).Ber.I, 4 אחת לא׳ one benediction after the Shma. Ib. III, 4 לאחריו (prayer) after meal; a. fr.כִּלְאַחַר יד as if doing a thing with the back of the hand, i. e. in a manner different from the usual way of doing it. Sabb.153b; a. fr.מֵאַחַר 1) (conj. followed by ש־ or ד־) after, since, whereas, because. Ḥull.29a מא׳ ששנינו after it has once been stated in the Mishnah … why was it necessary (?) Ib. b ומאחר דאפי׳וכ׳ and since it is not even rabbinically unfit, why ; a. fr. 2) a legal term, meaḥar, the presumption of the truth of ones statement, because he might have pleaded more profitably, if he had been inclined to lie. Y.Shebu.VI, 36d bot. אין אומרים בממון מא׳ מאחרוכ׳ in money matters we do not apply the principle of meaḥer, so as to say that because he might have said ‘thou hast not lent me anything, he may say, ‘thou didst lend me, but I paid half of it (and his plea must be accepted without an oath); v. מִיגּוֹ s. v. גּוֹ.אַחֲרֶיךָ thy successor. Y.Kil.IX, 32c top יהודה בני א׳וכ׳ my son Judah shall succeed thee, none else (is worthy). Keth.95b my property I bequeath to thee ואַחְרַיִיךְ לפ׳ and after thee it shall go over to …אַחַר כָּךְ (abbrev. אח״כ) afterwards, subsequently. Pes.X, 2; a. v. fr.

הָדַר(b. h.; cmp. חדר, חזר) to enclose, go around. Part. Pass. הָדוּר 1) rounded. Ḥull.59b הֲדוּרוֹת בעינן Ar. (ed. חֲדוּרוֹת, v. חָדַר) the horns must de rounded (not flat; Ar.: showing circular layers). 2) (b. h.) distinguished, adorned, beautiful. Gen. R. s. 60 (ref. to הלזה, Gen. 24:25) ראתה אותוה׳ she saw his commanding appearance; Midr. Till. to Ps. 90, end. Pi. הִדֵּר, הִי׳ 1) to crown, adorn, distinguish. Lev. R. s. 30 שהִדְּרוֹהקב״הוכ׳ whom the Lord crowned with old age. Kidd.32b. יְהַדְּרֶנּוּ בממון that he must show him honor even at a material sacrifice; a. e.Part. Pass, מְהוּדָּר. Lev. R. s. 3 שיהא המזבח מה׳וכ׳ that the altar may appear adorned by the poor mans offering; a. e. 2) to go around searching, whence to be zealous in religious observances, to look oict for the best method of doing good. Sabb.21b המְהַדְּרִין the zealous, המה׳ מן המה׳ the most zealous. V. הִידּוּר. Hithpa. הִתְהַדֵּר to be crowned, glorified. Gen. R. s. 1 הוא לבדו מִתְהַדֵּרוכ׳ He alone is glorified through His world.

הָדַר(b. h.; cmp. חדר, חזר) to enclose, go around. Part. Pass. הָדוּר 1) rounded. Ḥull.59b הֲדוּרוֹת בעינן Ar. (ed. חֲדוּרוֹת, v. חָדַר) the horns must de rounded (not flat; Ar.: showing circular layers). 2) (b. h.) distinguished, adorned, beautiful. Gen. R. s. 60 (ref. to הלזה, Gen. 24:25) ראתה אותוה׳ she saw his commanding appearance; Midr. Till. to Ps. 90, end. Pi. הִדֵּר, הִי׳ 1) to crown, adorn, distinguish. Lev. R. s. 30 שהִדְּרוֹהקב״הוכ׳ whom the Lord crowned with old age. Kidd.32b. יְהַדְּרֶנּוּ בממון that he must show him honor even at a material sacrifice; a. e.Part. Pass, מְהוּדָּר. Lev. R. s. 3 שיהא המזבח מה׳וכ׳ that the altar may appear adorned by the poor mans offering; a. e. 2) to go around searching, whence to be zealous in religious observances, to look oict for the best method of doing good. Sabb.21b המְהַדְּרִין the zealous, המה׳ מן המה׳ the most zealous. V. הִידּוּר. Hithpa. הִתְהַדֵּר to be crowned, glorified. Gen. R. s. 1 הוא לבדו מִתְהַדֵּרוכ׳ He alone is glorified through His world.

מִדָּה, מִידָּהf. (b. h.; preced.) 1) dimension, measure, proportion. Sabb.150a (play on מ̇ד̇ה̇ב̇ה, v. preced.) מ̇אד̇ מ̇אד̇ ה̇ב̇א בלא מ̇׳ bring much, very much, without measure. Peah VIII, 6 מ׳ זו this proportion. Gen. R. s. 64; Esth. R. introd. (ref. to מנדה, Ezra 4:13) זו מִדַּת הארץ that is the from the land as measured, i. e. the (Roman) land-tax. B. Bath.VII, 3 מ׳ בחבלוכ׳ I sell thee exact land-measure by the rope. Ib. 128a מִדַּת ארכו the length-measure of the cloak. Ib. מדת משקלותיו the measure of its (the gold-bars) weights, i. e. an estimate as to how many coins of a certain weight can be obtained from it. Ḥag.12a מדת יום ומ׳ לילה the combined length of day and night. Yeb.76b (ref. to 1 Sam. 17:38) מַדָּיו כמִדָּתוֹ his (Sauls) garments such as fitted his stature. Mikv. X, 5; Ḥull.73a עד מקום (ח)מ׳ as far as the designed length of the handle (excluding the portion which it is intended to cut off).Kidd.42b; B. Mets.56b, a. e. דבר שבמ׳ ושבמשקלוכ׳ objects which are sold by measure, by weight or by the piece. B. Bath.89b לעולם … מ׳ חסירהוכ׳ one must never keep in ones house too small or too large a measure (smaller or larger than the legal size); a. fr.Pl. מִדּוֹת, מִידּוֹת. Ib. 88b עונשן של מ׳ the divine punishment for fraudulent measures. Tosef.B. Mets. VI, 14 לא היו ממונין … אלא על המ׳ they (the agoranomoi in Jerusalem) were appointed not for the regulation of market prices but for the superintendence of the measures; B. Bath.89a, v. אֲנַרְדְּמִיס; a. fr.Men.18a למצות מִידּוֹתַי, v. מָצָח.Whence: Middoth (measurements of the Temple), name of a treatise of the Mishnah, of the order of Kodashim. 2) dealing; reward or punishment; dispensation.מ׳ כננד מ׳ retaliation, adequate punishment or reward. Sot.I, 7, v. preced. Ib. 9a לבמ׳ the verse is to intimate the God dispenses adequate punishments. Ib. 8b (ref. to ib. I, 7) אע״ג דמ׳ בטילח במ׳ לא בתיל although retribution (by the Jewish court) has ceased, the adequate divine punishment has not ceased. Lam. R. introd. (R. Alex. 2) (expl. יען וביען, Lev. 26:43) מ׳ בננד מ׳ punishment corresponding to deed. Ned.32a. Snh.90a כל מִידּוֹתָיו של חקב״ה מ׳ כנגד מ׳ all retributions of the Lord are in correspondence with mans doings. Ber.48b ‘whatever the Lord thy God has given thee דיינך בכל … בין מ׳ טובח ובין מִדַּת פורענות (not מדה) he is thy judge in whatever sentence he decrees upon thee, whether it be a good or an evil dispensation. Ib. IX, 5, v. מְאֹד. Sabb.97a. Ib. 151b לעולם … על מ׳ זו at all times let one pray to be spared this fate (poverty); a. fr.Pl. as ab. Snh.90a, v. supra. Yoma 87b המעביר על מִדּוֹתָיווכ׳ he who passes over his retaliations (who forbears to retaliate), his failings will be passed over (be forgiven); Meg.28a. Ib. לא עמדתי על מִידּוֹתַי I never insisted on retaliation; Kidd.71a ואינו מעמד על מדותיו (Rashi: מיעמיד); a. fr. 3) manner, ways, character, nature, condition. Ber.40a לא כמדת חקב״חוכ׳ the nature of divine (intellectual) affairs is not like the nature of human (material) affairs. Ib. 11b להזכיר מדת יוםוכ׳ to mention the nature of the day (light) at night. Tanḥ. Balak 3 מה מִדָּתוֹ what is the nature of his power. B. Mets.33a מ׳ ואינה מ׳ it is a (meritorious) way (of studying) and is not, i. e. you might to better; Y.Hor.III, 48c top מ׳ שאינה מ׳; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ab. V, 10 ארבע מ׳ באדם there are four different dispositions of men (as to treating ones fellowman); ib. 11 ארבע מ׳ בדעות four characters (temperaments); ib. 12 ארבע מ׳ בתלמידים four natures of students (with regard to receptive and retentive faculties). Y.Snh.XI, 30a bot. כל שבע מ׳וכ׳ all the seven characteristic features of righteous men which the scholars have defined have been realized in Rabbi. Ned.20b בני תשע מ׳ children conceived under nine (abnormal mental) conditions. R. Hash. 17b, a. fr. שלש עשרה מ׳ the thirteen divine attributes (Ex. 34:6, sq.). Ned.32a, v. פָּרַז; a. fr. מדת הדין a) justice. Tosef.Yeb.IX, 3. a. e., v. לָקָה.Esp. the divine attribute of justice, opp. מ׳ הרחמים, v. דּין II.b) common sense, logical argument. Yoma 43b כך (היא) מ׳ הדין נותנת common sense dictates this; Shebu.14a. Y.Maas. Sh. II, 53c top תחומין עשו (כמ׳) למ׳ הדין they regulated the laws of Sabbath limits according to common sense (not by textual interpretation).c) decision in money matters, civil law (contrad. to ritual law). Y.Gitt.V, 46c bot. אף למ׳ הדין הכן the same principle holds good for civil law (collection of claims, v. כַּפְּרָנוּת); Y.Shebi.X, 39c bot. Ib. (last line) ולמידין מ׳ הדיןוכ׳ do we apply the rules of Prosbol (v. פְּרוֹזְבּוּל) to ordinary claims? Y.B. Kam.V, beg.4d לא הילכו במ׳ הדין אחר הרוב (strike out בממון) in civil law we are not guided by probabilities (v. דוֹב; cmp. Bab. ib. 27b). Y.Ber.II, 5a bot. ולמ׳ הד׳ but civil law (questions of possession). 4) principle, standard, consistency. Men.III, 4 במדתר׳וכ׳ following the principle of R. ; Pes.77b; Y. ib. VII, 34c top. Shek. IV, 6 אינח היא תמ׳ (comment. אינה מן המ׳) this is not consistent (with a previous rule). Ib. 7 השוה את מִדָּתוֹ (Y. ed. מִדּוֹתָיו) he makes his standards even (is consistent). Pes.I, 7 אינת חיא המ׳ this is not the right argument. Ib. 15b אמאי אינה היא המ׳ מ׳ ומ׳ היא why do you say, it is no argument? it is surely a correct argument. Y. Ḥag.III, 77d ‘Menahem went out means ממ׳ למ׳ יצא he went over from one principle to another (joined the opposition; Bab. ib. 16b יצא לתרבות רעה).Esp. מִדּוֹת rules of interpretation. Sifra introd., ch. 1, end הלל … שבע מ׳וכ׳ Hillel the Elder explained seven rules ; Ab. dR. N. ch. 37; Tosef.Snh.VII, 11. Sifra introd., beg. (R. Yishm. said) בשלש עשרה מ׳וכ׳ the Torah is interpreted by means of thirteen rules. (Appendix to treat. Brakhoth. ל״ב מ׳ שלר׳ יוסיוכ׳ the thirty two rules of R. José the Galilean.Lev. R. s. 3, beg. הלכות ומ׳ decisions and interpretations (by which the decisions were reached), v. מְכִילְתָּא.Gitt.67a מִידּוֹתַי תרומה מתרומות מִידּוֹתָיווכ׳ my rules of interpretation are the selection from selections of rules by R. Akiba.Ber.33b שעושח מדותיו של הקב״ח רחמיםוכ׳ he makes compassion the standard (or reason) of the divine laws, while they are decrees (the reasons for which it behooves not man to discuss); Y. ib. V, 9c כקורא תיגר על מ׳וכ׳ because it sounds as if he were finding fault with the ways of the Lord (as if the Lord were partial); כנותן קיצבח למ׳וכ׳ as though he were setting limits to the attributes of the Lord.

מִדָּה, מִידָּהf. (b. h.; preced.) 1) dimension, measure, proportion. Sabb.150a (play on מ̇ד̇ה̇ב̇ה, v. preced.) מ̇אד̇ מ̇אד̇ ה̇ב̇א בלא מ̇׳ bring much, very much, without measure. Peah VIII, 6 מ׳ זו this proportion. Gen. R. s. 64; Esth. R. introd. (ref. to מנדה, Ezra 4:13) זו מִדַּת הארץ that is the from the land as measured, i. e. the (Roman) land-tax. B. Bath.VII, 3 מ׳ בחבלוכ׳ I sell thee exact land-measure by the rope. Ib. 128a מִדַּת ארכו the length-measure of the cloak. Ib. מדת משקלותיו the measure of its (the gold-bars) weights, i. e. an estimate as to how many coins of a certain weight can be obtained from it. Ḥag.12a מדת יום ומ׳ לילה the combined length of day and night. Yeb.76b (ref. to 1 Sam. 17:38) מַדָּיו כמִדָּתוֹ his (Sauls) garments such as fitted his stature. Mikv. X, 5; Ḥull.73a עד מקום (ח)מ׳ as far as the designed length of the handle (excluding the portion which it is intended to cut off).Kidd.42b; B. Mets.56b, a. e. דבר שבמ׳ ושבמשקלוכ׳ objects which are sold by measure, by weight or by the piece. B. Bath.89b לעולם … מ׳ חסירהוכ׳ one must never keep in ones house too small or too large a measure (smaller or larger than the legal size); a. fr.Pl. מִדּוֹת, מִידּוֹת. Ib. 88b עונשן של מ׳ the divine punishment for fraudulent measures. Tosef.B. Mets. VI, 14 לא היו ממונין … אלא על המ׳ they (the agoranomoi in Jerusalem) were appointed not for the regulation of market prices but for the superintendence of the measures; B. Bath.89a, v. אֲנַרְדְּמִיס; a. fr.Men.18a למצות מִידּוֹתַי, v. מָצָח.Whence: Middoth (measurements of the Temple), name of a treatise of the Mishnah, of the order of Kodashim. 2) dealing; reward or punishment; dispensation.מ׳ כננד מ׳ retaliation, adequate punishment or reward. Sot.I, 7, v. preced. Ib. 9a לבמ׳ the verse is to intimate the God dispenses adequate punishments. Ib. 8b (ref. to ib. I, 7) אע״ג דמ׳ בטילח במ׳ לא בתיל although retribution (by the Jewish court) has ceased, the adequate divine punishment has not ceased. Lam. R. introd. (R. Alex. 2) (expl. יען וביען, Lev. 26:43) מ׳ בננד מ׳ punishment corresponding to deed. Ned.32a. Snh.90a כל מִידּוֹתָיו של חקב״ה מ׳ כנגד מ׳ all retributions of the Lord are in correspondence with mans doings. Ber.48b ‘whatever the Lord thy God has given thee דיינך בכל … בין מ׳ טובח ובין מִדַּת פורענות (not מדה) he is thy judge in whatever sentence he decrees upon thee, whether it be a good or an evil dispensation. Ib. IX, 5, v. מְאֹד. Sabb.97a. Ib. 151b לעולם … על מ׳ זו at all times let one pray to be spared this fate (poverty); a. fr.Pl. as ab. Snh.90a, v. supra. Yoma 87b המעביר על מִדּוֹתָיווכ׳ he who passes over his retaliations (who forbears to retaliate), his failings will be passed over (be forgiven); Meg.28a. Ib. לא עמדתי על מִידּוֹתַי I never insisted on retaliation; Kidd.71a ואינו מעמד על מדותיו (Rashi: מיעמיד); a. fr. 3) manner, ways, character, nature, condition. Ber.40a לא כמדת חקב״חוכ׳ the nature of divine (intellectual) affairs is not like the nature of human (material) affairs. Ib. 11b להזכיר מדת יוםוכ׳ to mention the nature of the day (light) at night. Tanḥ. Balak 3 מה מִדָּתוֹ what is the nature of his power. B. Mets.33a מ׳ ואינה מ׳ it is a (meritorious) way (of studying) and is not, i. e. you might to better; Y.Hor.III, 48c top מ׳ שאינה מ׳; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ab. V, 10 ארבע מ׳ באדם there are four different dispositions of men (as to treating ones fellowman); ib. 11 ארבע מ׳ בדעות four characters (temperaments); ib. 12 ארבע מ׳ בתלמידים four natures of students (with regard to receptive and retentive faculties). Y.Snh.XI, 30a bot. כל שבע מ׳וכ׳ all the seven characteristic features of righteous men which the scholars have defined have been realized in Rabbi. Ned.20b בני תשע מ׳ children conceived under nine (abnormal mental) conditions. R. Hash. 17b, a. fr. שלש עשרה מ׳ the thirteen divine attributes (Ex. 34:6, sq.). Ned.32a, v. פָּרַז; a. fr. מדת הדין a) justice. Tosef.Yeb.IX, 3. a. e., v. לָקָה.Esp. the divine attribute of justice, opp. מ׳ הרחמים, v. דּין II.b) common sense, logical argument. Yoma 43b כך (היא) מ׳ הדין נותנת common sense dictates this; Shebu.14a. Y.Maas. Sh. II, 53c top תחומין עשו (כמ׳) למ׳ הדין they regulated the laws of Sabbath limits according to common sense (not by textual interpretation).c) decision in money matters, civil law (contrad. to ritual law). Y.Gitt.V, 46c bot. אף למ׳ הדין הכן the same principle holds good for civil law (collection of claims, v. כַּפְּרָנוּת); Y.Shebi.X, 39c bot. Ib. (last line) ולמידין מ׳ הדיןוכ׳ do we apply the rules of Prosbol (v. פְּרוֹזְבּוּל) to ordinary claims? Y.B. Kam.V, beg.4d לא הילכו במ׳ הדין אחר הרוב (strike out בממון) in civil law we are not guided by probabilities (v. דוֹב; cmp. Bab. ib. 27b). Y.Ber.II, 5a bot. ולמ׳ הד׳ but civil law (questions of possession). 4) principle, standard, consistency. Men.III, 4 במדתר׳וכ׳ following the principle of R. ; Pes.77b; Y. ib. VII, 34c top. Shek. IV, 6 אינח היא תמ׳ (comment. אינה מן המ׳) this is not consistent (with a previous rule). Ib. 7 השוה את מִדָּתוֹ (Y. ed. מִדּוֹתָיו) he makes his standards even (is consistent). Pes.I, 7 אינת חיא המ׳ this is not the right argument. Ib. 15b אמאי אינה היא המ׳ מ׳ ומ׳ היא why do you say, it is no argument? it is surely a correct argument. Y. Ḥag.III, 77d ‘Menahem went out means ממ׳ למ׳ יצא he went over from one principle to another (joined the opposition; Bab. ib. 16b יצא לתרבות רעה).Esp. מִדּוֹת rules of interpretation. Sifra introd., ch. 1, end הלל … שבע מ׳וכ׳ Hillel the Elder explained seven rules ; Ab. dR. N. ch. 37; Tosef.Snh.VII, 11. Sifra introd., beg. (R. Yishm. said) בשלש עשרה מ׳וכ׳ the Torah is interpreted by means of thirteen rules. (Appendix to treat. Brakhoth. ל״ב מ׳ שלר׳ יוסיוכ׳ the thirty two rules of R. José the Galilean.Lev. R. s. 3, beg. הלכות ומ׳ decisions and interpretations (by which the decisions were reached), v. מְכִילְתָּא.Gitt.67a מִידּוֹתַי תרומה מתרומות מִידּוֹתָיווכ׳ my rules of interpretation are the selection from selections of rules by R. Akiba.Ber.33b שעושח מדותיו של הקב״ח רחמיםוכ׳ he makes compassion the standard (or reason) of the divine laws, while they are decrees (the reasons for which it behooves not man to discuss); Y. ib. V, 9c כקורא תיגר על מ׳וכ׳ because it sounds as if he were finding fault with the ways of the Lord (as if the Lord were partial); כנותן קיצבח למ׳וכ׳ as though he were setting limits to the attributes of the Lord.

מִדָּה, מִידָּהf. (b. h.; preced.) 1) dimension, measure, proportion. Sabb.150a (play on מ̇ד̇ה̇ב̇ה, v. preced.) מ̇אד̇ מ̇אד̇ ה̇ב̇א בלא מ̇׳ bring much, very much, without measure. Peah VIII, 6 מ׳ זו this proportion. Gen. R. s. 64; Esth. R. introd. (ref. to מנדה, Ezra 4:13) זו מִדַּת הארץ that is the from the land as measured, i. e. the (Roman) land-tax. B. Bath.VII, 3 מ׳ בחבלוכ׳ I sell thee exact land-measure by the rope. Ib. 128a מִדַּת ארכו the length-measure of the cloak. Ib. מדת משקלותיו the measure of its (the gold-bars) weights, i. e. an estimate as to how many coins of a certain weight can be obtained from it. Ḥag.12a מדת יום ומ׳ לילה the combined length of day and night. Yeb.76b (ref. to 1 Sam. 17:38) מַדָּיו כמִדָּתוֹ his (Sauls) garments such as fitted his stature. Mikv. X, 5; Ḥull.73a עד מקום (ח)מ׳ as far as the designed length of the handle (excluding the portion which it is intended to cut off).Kidd.42b; B. Mets.56b, a. e. דבר שבמ׳ ושבמשקלוכ׳ objects which are sold by measure, by weight or by the piece. B. Bath.89b לעולם … מ׳ חסירהוכ׳ one must never keep in ones house too small or too large a measure (smaller or larger than the legal size); a. fr.Pl. מִדּוֹת, מִידּוֹת. Ib. 88b עונשן של מ׳ the divine punishment for fraudulent measures. Tosef.B. Mets. VI, 14 לא היו ממונין … אלא על המ׳ they (the agoranomoi in Jerusalem) were appointed not for the regulation of market prices but for the superintendence of the measures; B. Bath.89a, v. אֲנַרְדְּמִיס; a. fr.Men.18a למצות מִידּוֹתַי, v. מָצָח.Whence: Middoth (measurements of the Temple), name of a treatise of the Mishnah, of the order of Kodashim. 2) dealing; reward or punishment; dispensation.מ׳ כננד מ׳ retaliation, adequate punishment or reward. Sot.I, 7, v. preced. Ib. 9a לבמ׳ the verse is to intimate the God dispenses adequate punishments. Ib. 8b (ref. to ib. I, 7) אע״ג דמ׳ בטילח במ׳ לא בתיל although retribution (by the Jewish court) has ceased, the adequate divine punishment has not ceased. Lam. R. introd. (R. Alex. 2) (expl. יען וביען, Lev. 26:43) מ׳ בננד מ׳ punishment corresponding to deed. Ned.32a. Snh.90a כל מִידּוֹתָיו של חקב״ה מ׳ כנגד מ׳ all retributions of the Lord are in correspondence with mans doings. Ber.48b ‘whatever the Lord thy God has given thee דיינך בכל … בין מ׳ טובח ובין מִדַּת פורענות (not מדה) he is thy judge in whatever sentence he decrees upon thee, whether it be a good or an evil dispensation. Ib. IX, 5, v. מְאֹד. Sabb.97a. Ib. 151b לעולם … על מ׳ זו at all times let one pray to be spared this fate (poverty); a. fr.Pl. as ab. Snh.90a, v. supra. Yoma 87b המעביר על מִדּוֹתָיווכ׳ he who passes over his retaliations (who forbears to retaliate), his failings will be passed over (be forgiven); Meg.28a. Ib. לא עמדתי על מִידּוֹתַי I never insisted on retaliation; Kidd.71a ואינו מעמד על מדותיו (Rashi: מיעמיד); a. fr. 3) manner, ways, character, nature, condition. Ber.40a לא כמדת חקב״חוכ׳ the nature of divine (intellectual) affairs is not like the nature of human (material) affairs. Ib. 11b להזכיר מדת יוםוכ׳ to mention the nature of the day (light) at night. Tanḥ. Balak 3 מה מִדָּתוֹ what is the nature of his power. B. Mets.33a מ׳ ואינה מ׳ it is a (meritorious) way (of studying) and is not, i. e. you might to better; Y.Hor.III, 48c top מ׳ שאינה מ׳; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ab. V, 10 ארבע מ׳ באדם there are four different dispositions of men (as to treating ones fellowman); ib. 11 ארבע מ׳ בדעות four characters (temperaments); ib. 12 ארבע מ׳ בתלמידים four natures of students (with regard to receptive and retentive faculties). Y.Snh.XI, 30a bot. כל שבע מ׳וכ׳ all the seven characteristic features of righteous men which the scholars have defined have been realized in Rabbi. Ned.20b בני תשע מ׳ children conceived under nine (abnormal mental) conditions. R. Hash. 17b, a. fr. שלש עשרה מ׳ the thirteen divine attributes (Ex. 34:6, sq.). Ned.32a, v. פָּרַז; a. fr. מדת הדין a) justice. Tosef.Yeb.IX, 3. a. e., v. לָקָה.Esp. the divine attribute of justice, opp. מ׳ הרחמים, v. דּין II.b) common sense, logical argument. Yoma 43b כך (היא) מ׳ הדין נותנת common sense dictates this; Shebu.14a. Y.Maas. Sh. II, 53c top תחומין עשו (כמ׳) למ׳ הדין they regulated the laws of Sabbath limits according to common sense (not by textual interpretation).c) decision in money matters, civil law (contrad. to ritual law). Y.Gitt.V, 46c bot. אף למ׳ הדין הכן the same principle holds good for civil law (collection of claims, v. כַּפְּרָנוּת); Y.Shebi.X, 39c bot. Ib. (last line) ולמידין מ׳ הדיןוכ׳ do we apply the rules of Prosbol (v. פְּרוֹזְבּוּל) to ordinary claims? Y.B. Kam.V, beg.4d לא הילכו במ׳ הדין אחר הרוב (strike out בממון) in civil law we are not guided by probabilities (v. דוֹב; cmp. Bab. ib. 27b). Y.Ber.II, 5a bot. ולמ׳ הד׳ but civil law (questions of possession). 4) principle, standard, consistency. Men.III, 4 במדתר׳וכ׳ following the principle of R. ; Pes.77b; Y. ib. VII, 34c top. Shek. IV, 6 אינח היא תמ׳ (comment. אינה מן המ׳) this is not consistent (with a previous rule). Ib. 7 השוה את מִדָּתוֹ (Y. ed. מִדּוֹתָיו) he makes his standards even (is consistent). Pes.I, 7 אינת חיא המ׳ this is not the right argument. Ib. 15b אמאי אינה היא המ׳ מ׳ ומ׳ היא why do you say, it is no argument? it is surely a correct argument. Y. Ḥag.III, 77d ‘Menahem went out means ממ׳ למ׳ יצא he went over from one principle to another (joined the opposition; Bab. ib. 16b יצא לתרבות רעה).Esp. מִדּוֹת rules of interpretation. Sifra introd., ch. 1, end הלל … שבע מ׳וכ׳ Hillel the Elder explained seven rules ; Ab. dR. N. ch. 37; Tosef.Snh.VII, 11. Sifra introd., beg. (R. Yishm. said) בשלש עשרה מ׳וכ׳ the Torah is interpreted by means of thirteen rules. (Appendix to treat. Brakhoth. ל״ב מ׳ שלר׳ יוסיוכ׳ the thirty two rules of R. José the Galilean.Lev. R. s. 3, beg. הלכות ומ׳ decisions and interpretations (by which the decisions were reached), v. מְכִילְתָּא.Gitt.67a מִידּוֹתַי תרומה מתרומות מִידּוֹתָיווכ׳ my rules of interpretation are the selection from selections of rules by R. Akiba.Ber.33b שעושח מדותיו של הקב״ח רחמיםוכ׳ he makes compassion the standard (or reason) of the divine laws, while they are decrees (the reasons for which it behooves not man to discuss); Y. ib. V, 9c כקורא תיגר על מ׳וכ׳ because it sounds as if he were finding fault with the ways of the Lord (as if the Lord were partial); כנותן קיצבח למ׳וכ׳ as though he were setting limits to the attributes of the Lord.

מִדָּה, מִידָּהf. (b. h.; preced.) 1) dimension, measure, proportion. Sabb.150a (play on מ̇ד̇ה̇ב̇ה, v. preced.) מ̇אד̇ מ̇אד̇ ה̇ב̇א בלא מ̇׳ bring much, very much, without measure. Peah VIII, 6 מ׳ זו this proportion. Gen. R. s. 64; Esth. R. introd. (ref. to מנדה, Ezra 4:13) זו מִדַּת הארץ that is the from the land as measured, i. e. the (Roman) land-tax. B. Bath.VII, 3 מ׳ בחבלוכ׳ I sell thee exact land-measure by the rope. Ib. 128a מִדַּת ארכו the length-measure of the cloak. Ib. מדת משקלותיו the measure of its (the gold-bars) weights, i. e. an estimate as to how many coins of a certain weight can be obtained from it. Ḥag.12a מדת יום ומ׳ לילה the combined length of day and night. Yeb.76b (ref. to 1 Sam. 17:38) מַדָּיו כמִדָּתוֹ his (Sauls) garments such as fitted his stature. Mikv. X, 5; Ḥull.73a עד מקום (ח)מ׳ as far as the designed length of the handle (excluding the portion which it is intended to cut off).Kidd.42b; B. Mets.56b, a. e. דבר שבמ׳ ושבמשקלוכ׳ objects which are sold by measure, by weight or by the piece. B. Bath.89b לעולם … מ׳ חסירהוכ׳ one must never keep in ones house too small or too large a measure (smaller or larger than the legal size); a. fr.Pl. מִדּוֹת, מִידּוֹת. Ib. 88b עונשן של מ׳ the divine punishment for fraudulent measures. Tosef.B. Mets. VI, 14 לא היו ממונין … אלא על המ׳ they (the agoranomoi in Jerusalem) were appointed not for the regulation of market prices but for the superintendence of the measures; B. Bath.89a, v. אֲנַרְדְּמִיס; a. fr.Men.18a למצות מִידּוֹתַי, v. מָצָח.Whence: Middoth (measurements of the Temple), name of a treatise of the Mishnah, of the order of Kodashim. 2) dealing; reward or punishment; dispensation.מ׳ כננד מ׳ retaliation, adequate punishment or reward. Sot.I, 7, v. preced. Ib. 9a לבמ׳ the verse is to intimate the God dispenses adequate punishments. Ib. 8b (ref. to ib. I, 7) אע״ג דמ׳ בטילח במ׳ לא בתיל although retribution (by the Jewish court) has ceased, the adequate divine punishment has not ceased. Lam. R. introd. (R. Alex. 2) (expl. יען וביען, Lev. 26:43) מ׳ בננד מ׳ punishment corresponding to deed. Ned.32a. Snh.90a כל מִידּוֹתָיו של חקב״ה מ׳ כנגד מ׳ all retributions of the Lord are in correspondence with mans doings. Ber.48b ‘whatever the Lord thy God has given thee דיינך בכל … בין מ׳ טובח ובין מִדַּת פורענות (not מדה) he is thy judge in whatever sentence he decrees upon thee, whether it be a good or an evil dispensation. Ib. IX, 5, v. מְאֹד. Sabb.97a. Ib. 151b לעולם … על מ׳ זו at all times let one pray to be spared this fate (poverty); a. fr.Pl. as ab. Snh.90a, v. supra. Yoma 87b המעביר על מִדּוֹתָיווכ׳ he who passes over his retaliations (who forbears to retaliate), his failings will be passed over (be forgiven); Meg.28a. Ib. לא עמדתי על מִידּוֹתַי I never insisted on retaliation; Kidd.71a ואינו מעמד על מדותיו (Rashi: מיעמיד); a. fr. 3) manner, ways, character, nature, condition. Ber.40a לא כמדת חקב״חוכ׳ the nature of divine (intellectual) affairs is not like the nature of human (material) affairs. Ib. 11b להזכיר מדת יוםוכ׳ to mention the nature of the day (light) at night. Tanḥ. Balak 3 מה מִדָּתוֹ what is the nature of his power. B. Mets.33a מ׳ ואינה מ׳ it is a (meritorious) way (of studying) and is not, i. e. you might to better; Y.Hor.III, 48c top מ׳ שאינה מ׳; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ab. V, 10 ארבע מ׳ באדם there are four different dispositions of men (as to treating ones fellowman); ib. 11 ארבע מ׳ בדעות four characters (temperaments); ib. 12 ארבע מ׳ בתלמידים four natures of students (with regard to receptive and retentive faculties). Y.Snh.XI, 30a bot. כל שבע מ׳וכ׳ all the seven characteristic features of righteous men which the scholars have defined have been realized in Rabbi. Ned.20b בני תשע מ׳ children conceived under nine (abnormal mental) conditions. R. Hash. 17b, a. fr. שלש עשרה מ׳ the thirteen divine attributes (Ex. 34:6, sq.). Ned.32a, v. פָּרַז; a. fr. מדת הדין a) justice. Tosef.Yeb.IX, 3. a. e., v. לָקָה.Esp. the divine attribute of justice, opp. מ׳ הרחמים, v. דּין II.b) common sense, logical argument. Yoma 43b כך (היא) מ׳ הדין נותנת common sense dictates this; Shebu.14a. Y.Maas. Sh. II, 53c top תחומין עשו (כמ׳) למ׳ הדין they regulated the laws of Sabbath limits according to common sense (not by textual interpretation).c) decision in money matters, civil law (contrad. to ritual law). Y.Gitt.V, 46c bot. אף למ׳ הדין הכן the same principle holds good for civil law (collection of claims, v. כַּפְּרָנוּת); Y.Shebi.X, 39c bot. Ib. (last line) ולמידין מ׳ הדיןוכ׳ do we apply the rules of Prosbol (v. פְּרוֹזְבּוּל) to ordinary claims? Y.B. Kam.V, beg.4d לא הילכו במ׳ הדין אחר הרוב (strike out בממון) in civil law we are not guided by probabilities (v. דוֹב; cmp. Bab. ib. 27b). Y.Ber.II, 5a bot. ולמ׳ הד׳ but civil law (questions of possession). 4) principle, standard, consistency. Men.III, 4 במדתר׳וכ׳ following the principle of R. ; Pes.77b; Y. ib. VII, 34c top. Shek. IV, 6 אינח היא תמ׳ (comment. אינה מן המ׳) this is not consistent (with a previous rule). Ib. 7 השוה את מִדָּתוֹ (Y. ed. מִדּוֹתָיו) he makes his standards even (is consistent). Pes.I, 7 אינת חיא המ׳ this is not the right argument. Ib. 15b אמאי אינה היא המ׳ מ׳ ומ׳ היא why do you say, it is no argument? it is surely a correct argument. Y. Ḥag.III, 77d ‘Menahem went out means ממ׳ למ׳ יצא he went over from one principle to another (joined the opposition; Bab. ib. 16b יצא לתרבות רעה).Esp. מִדּוֹת rules of interpretation. Sifra introd., ch. 1, end הלל … שבע מ׳וכ׳ Hillel the Elder explained seven rules ; Ab. dR. N. ch. 37; Tosef.Snh.VII, 11. Sifra introd., beg. (R. Yishm. said) בשלש עשרה מ׳וכ׳ the Torah is interpreted by means of thirteen rules. (Appendix to treat. Brakhoth. ל״ב מ׳ שלר׳ יוסיוכ׳ the thirty two rules of R. José the Galilean.Lev. R. s. 3, beg. הלכות ומ׳ decisions and interpretations (by which the decisions were reached), v. מְכִילְתָּא.Gitt.67a מִידּוֹתַי תרומה מתרומות מִידּוֹתָיווכ׳ my rules of interpretation are the selection from selections of rules by R. Akiba.Ber.33b שעושח מדותיו של הקב״ח רחמיםוכ׳ he makes compassion the standard (or reason) of the divine laws, while they are decrees (the reasons for which it behooves not man to discuss); Y. ib. V, 9c כקורא תיגר על מ׳וכ׳ because it sounds as if he were finding fault with the ways of the Lord (as if the Lord were partial); כנותן קיצבח למ׳וכ׳ as though he were setting limits to the attributes of the Lord.

שָׁלַשPi. שלֵּש I (b. h.; denom. of שָׁלש) 1) to do or come for the third time. Num. R. s. 420> לא יצאת אותה שנה ולא שינתה ולא שִׁילְּשָׁהוכ׳ not that year passed, nor the second, nor the third, when, i. e. within three years these things occurred; a. e. 2) to go back to the third generation. B. Bath. X, 7 יְשַׁלְּשוּ they should write the grandfathers name in the document. 3) to divide into three parts. Ib. III, 4 מְשַׁלְּשִׁין ביניהס the fine is divided between them (the three sets of witnesses convicted of an alibi); Macc.I, 3. Ib. משלשין בממון ואין מש׳ במכות the monetary fine is divided, but not the punishment (but every one has to undergo the full punishment). Ab. Zar.19b לעולם יְשַׁלִּש אדם שנותיו שלישוכ׳ a man should always divide his years (his time) into three parts, devoting one third to Bible, one to Mishnah ; Kidd.30a יַשְׁלִיש (Hif.). Ex. R. s. 1527> הריני מְשַׁלְּשָׁס I will divide them among us three; a. fr.Part. pass. מְשוּלָּש; f. מְשוּלֶּשֶׁת; pl. מְשוּלָּשִׁים, מְשוּלָּשִׁין; מְשוּלָּשוֹת a) done for the third time. Ab. Zar. l. c., כתוב … ומש׳ בכתובים stated in the Torah, a second time in the Prophets, and a third time in Hagiographa; Meg.31a; a. fr.b) divided into three, arranged in three classes, threefold. Deut. R. s. 233> (ref. to והשלשית, Zech. 13:8) אלו ישראל אנקראו שלישין שהם מש׳וכ׳ that means Israel, who are called ‘thirds, for they are divided into three classes, priests Midr. Prov. to XXII, 20 (ref. to שלשים, ib.) כל מעשי תורה מש׳ היא מש׳ ואותיותיה מש׳ … שבט מש׳וכ׳ all affairs of the Torah are threefold; itself is threefold: Torah, Prophets, and Hagiographa, and its signs are threefold: אמת (Truth); and it was given through a tribe third in order: Reuben, Shimeon, and Levi; משה מש׳ Moses the third born Cant. R. to I, 1 כל מעשיו … מש׳ היו all the events of that mans (Solomons) life were marked by three stages (rise, fall, and rise).B. Bath. X, 7 ואם היו מש׳ and if the names are alike up to the grandfather (v. supra); a. fr.Y.Shebi.I, 33b, v. מְשוּלָּש.c) developed to one third of the full growth, v. מְשוּלָּש. 4) (apocop. of שִׁלְשֵׁל) to let down, v. שִׁלְשֵׁל I. Hif. הִשְׁלִיש 1) to divide into three parts. Kidd. l. c., v. supra. B. Mets.42a לעולם יַשְׁלִיש … שלישוכ׳ a man should always have his capital divided into three parts, one-third invested in land, one in merchandise, and one in ready money; Yalk. Deut. 897; a. e. 2) (v. שָׁלִיש) to deposit. Keth.VI, 7 המַשְׁלִיש מעות לבתו … מה שהוּשְׁלַש בידו if a father deposits money for the benefit of his daughter, and she says, I trust my husband (and want it to be given to him), the trustee must do that with it for which it was deposited with him; ib. 69b המשליש … לחתנווכ׳ if one deposits money with his son-in-law to buy with it ; Tosef. ib. VI, 9; a. e. Hof. הוּשְׁלַש to be deposited, v. supra. Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּלֵּש to have been at a thing for the third time. Num. R. s. 9, v. מוּעָד.

שָׁלַשPi. שלֵּש I (b. h.; denom. of שָׁלש) 1) to do or come for the third time. Num. R. s. 420> לא יצאת אותה שנה ולא שינתה ולא שִׁילְּשָׁהוכ׳ not that year passed, nor the second, nor the third, when, i. e. within three years these things occurred; a. e. 2) to go back to the third generation. B. Bath. X, 7 יְשַׁלְּשוּ they should write the grandfathers name in the document. 3) to divide into three parts. Ib. III, 4 מְשַׁלְּשִׁין ביניהס the fine is divided between them (the three sets of witnesses convicted of an alibi); Macc.I, 3. Ib. משלשין בממון ואין מש׳ במכות the monetary fine is divided, but not the punishment (but every one has to undergo the full punishment). Ab. Zar.19b לעולם יְשַׁלִּש אדם שנותיו שלישוכ׳ a man should always divide his years (his time) into three parts, devoting one third to Bible, one to Mishnah ; Kidd.30a יַשְׁלִיש (Hif.). Ex. R. s. 1527> הריני מְשַׁלְּשָׁס I will divide them among us three; a. fr.Part. pass. מְשוּלָּש; f. מְשוּלֶּשֶׁת; pl. מְשוּלָּשִׁים, מְשוּלָּשִׁין; מְשוּלָּשוֹת a) done for the third time. Ab. Zar. l. c., כתוב … ומש׳ בכתובים stated in the Torah, a second time in the Prophets, and a third time in Hagiographa; Meg.31a; a. fr.b) divided into three, arranged in three classes, threefold. Deut. R. s. 233> (ref. to והשלשית, Zech. 13:8) אלו ישראל אנקראו שלישין שהם מש׳וכ׳ that means Israel, who are called ‘thirds, for they are divided into three classes, priests Midr. Prov. to XXII, 20 (ref. to שלשים, ib.) כל מעשי תורה מש׳ היא מש׳ ואותיותיה מש׳ … שבט מש׳וכ׳ all affairs of the Torah are threefold; itself is threefold: Torah, Prophets, and Hagiographa, and its signs are threefold: אמת (Truth); and it was given through a tribe third in order: Reuben, Shimeon, and Levi; משה מש׳ Moses the third born Cant. R. to I, 1 כל מעשיו … מש׳ היו all the events of that mans (Solomons) life were marked by three stages (rise, fall, and rise).B. Bath. X, 7 ואם היו מש׳ and if the names are alike up to the grandfather (v. supra); a. fr.Y.Shebi.I, 33b, v. מְשוּלָּש.c) developed to one third of the full growth, v. מְשוּלָּש. 4) (apocop. of שִׁלְשֵׁל) to let down, v. שִׁלְשֵׁל I. Hif. הִשְׁלִיש 1) to divide into three parts. Kidd. l. c., v. supra. B. Mets.42a לעולם יַשְׁלִיש … שלישוכ׳ a man should always have his capital divided into three parts, one-third invested in land, one in merchandise, and one in ready money; Yalk. Deut. 897; a. e. 2) (v. שָׁלִיש) to deposit. Keth.VI, 7 המַשְׁלִיש מעות לבתו … מה שהוּשְׁלַש בידו if a father deposits money for the benefit of his daughter, and she says, I trust my husband (and want it to be given to him), the trustee must do that with it for which it was deposited with him; ib. 69b המשליש … לחתנווכ׳ if one deposits money with his son-in-law to buy with it ; Tosef. ib. VI, 9; a. e. Hof. הוּשְׁלַש to be deposited, v. supra. Nithpa. נִשְׁתַּלֵּש to have been at a thing for the third time. Num. R. s. 9, v. מוּעָד.

שְׂרָרָהf. (שָׂרַר) rulership, authority, office. Y.Peah VIII, 21a לומר שכל ש׳ שניתנהוכ׳ to indicate that what authority is given to a man, is given by the Law. Lev. R. s. 20 (in the prayer of the high priest on the Day of Atonement) ואל יגביהו ישראל ש׳וכ׳ and let Israel not assume high power one over the other; רבנן דקסרין … שלא יגביהו ש׳ the Rabbis of Cæsaræa say, (he prayed,) ‘concerning our brethren in Cæsaræa, that they may not assume authority; Y.Yoma V, 42c top. Ib. VI, 43d top שברח מן הש׳ who fled in order not to take an office; ib. שלא נכנס לש׳ who did not enter office. Y.Taan.IV, 68c top אדם שהוא עתיד להנהיג ש׳וכ׳ a man (Joshua) designated to exercise rulership over six hundred thousand men, does not know how to distinguish ? Cant. R. to IV, 7 מת ראובן נתנה ש׳וכ׳ when Ruben died, the leadership was offered to Simeon; Num. R. s. 138>. Shek. V, 2 אין עושין ש׳ על הצביר פחות משנים Y. ed. (Mish. בממון פחותוכ׳) no office for communal (money) affairs must be created with less than two officers; B. Bath.8b שְׂרָרוּת; a. fr.V. סְרָרָה.

שְׂרָרָהf. (שָׂרַר) rulership, authority, office. Y.Peah VIII, 21a לומר שכל ש׳ שניתנהוכ׳ to indicate that what authority is given to a man, is given by the Law. Lev. R. s. 20 (in the prayer of the high priest on the Day of Atonement) ואל יגביהו ישראל ש׳וכ׳ and let Israel not assume high power one over the other; רבנן דקסרין … שלא יגביהו ש׳ the Rabbis of Cæsaræa say, (he prayed,) ‘concerning our brethren in Cæsaræa, that they may not assume authority; Y.Yoma V, 42c top. Ib. VI, 43d top שברח מן הש׳ who fled in order not to take an office; ib. שלא נכנס לש׳ who did not enter office. Y.Taan.IV, 68c top אדם שהוא עתיד להנהיג ש׳וכ׳ a man (Joshua) designated to exercise rulership over six hundred thousand men, does not know how to distinguish ? Cant. R. to IV, 7 מת ראובן נתנה ש׳וכ׳ when Ruben died, the leadership was offered to Simeon; Num. R. s. 138>. Shek. V, 2 אין עושין ש׳ על הצביר פחות משנים Y. ed. (Mish. בממון פחותוכ׳) no office for communal (money) affairs must be created with less than two officers; B. Bath.8b שְׂרָרוּת; a. fr.V. סְרָרָה.