συμμετρ-ία

σύμμετρα, σύμμετρος

commensurate with: neut nom /voc /acc pl

σύμμετρε, σύμμετρος

commensurate with: masc /fem voc sg

συμμετρ-έω,

A measure jointly or in company, Tab.Heracl.1.11, 2.10.

2 include in the reckoning, κόλπος, λίμνη, Agathem.5.24, 3.10 (both [voice] Pass.).

II measure or calculate by comparison,

τὸ αἱρετώτερον Phld.Rh.2.11

S.:—[voice] Pass., to be so measured, Arist.Mech. 853b39; ἦμαρ ξυμμετρούμενον χρόνῳ this day measured by comparison with or calculated by the time of his absence, S.OT73; [ἔφθιτο].. μακρῷ συμμετρούμενος χρόνῳ he died in right measure with (i.e. having reached to) length of days, ib. 963: abs., οἷς ἐνευδαιμονῆσαί τε ὁ βίος καὶ ἐντελευτῆσαι ξυνεμετρήθη who had their life measured out.., Th. 2.44; πρὸς εὐωδίαν σ. αἱ τροφαί are calculated to produce, Thphr.CP 6.18.3; σ. πρὸς ἀνδρὸς πνεῦμα is calculated to suit it, D.H.Dem.43;

σ. τινί Luc.Gall.27

;

εἴς τι Philostr.Im.1.28

.

III [voice] Med., measure for oneself, συμμετρήσασθαι τὴν ὥρην τῆς ἡμέρης compute the exact time of day, Hdt.4.158; ξυνεμετρήσαντο [τὸ τεῖχος] ταῖς ἐπιβολαῖς τῶν πλίνθων calculated its height by counting the courses of bricks, Th.3.20;

σ. πρὸς ἄλληλα Pl.Ti. 39c

; σ. τὴν δαπάνην, τὰς ἐφόδους, D.H.4.19, 7.10;

τὰ διανύσματα Plb.9.15.3

; check measured quantities, PAmh.2.59.10 (ii B.C.).

IV limit,

φιλοχρηματίαν Poll.4.39

:—[voice] Med.,

σ. τὸν δρόμον ἐς τὸ ἀνεκτόν τινι Philostr.Im.2.2

:—[voice] Pass., συμμεμετρημένον of limited size, Poll.3.88, cf. 9.24; τῇ τῶν λεπτῶν ἐδωδῇ -ηθείς limited to.., Iamb.VP3.13.

συμμέτρ-ησις, εως, ἡ,

A measuring by comparison, ἡ ξ. τῶν κλιμάκων computation of their length, Th.3.20;

τῇ σ. καὶ συμφερόντων καὶ ἀσυμφόρων Epicur.Ep.3p.63U.

, cf. Phld.Ir.p.76 W.;

τοῦ χρόνου D.H.Lys.5

, cf. Herod.Med. ap. Orib.10.5.4.

συμμετρ-ία, ἡ,

A commensurability, opp. ἀσυμμετρία, Arist.Metaph. 1061b1, cf. 1004b11, EN 1133b18; πρὸς τὴν σ. τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς ἀνθρώπων in comparison with, measured by the standard of.., PMonac.6.39 (vi A.D.).

II symmetry, due proportion, one of the characteristics of beauty and goodness, βίου συμμετρίῃ by harmony of life, Democr. 191, cf. Pl.Phlb. 64e sq.; ἡ νυκτὸς πρὸς ἡμέραν ς. Id.R. 530a; ἡ πρὸς ἄλληλα ς. Id.Sph. 228c; of exercise to food, Hp.Vict.1.2;

τροφῆς καὶ ἀέρος Thphr.CP2.9.13

;

σ. τῶν λαμβανομένων Sor.1.94

;

σιτίων τε καὶ πομάτων Gal.6.7

;

τῶν φαρμάκων Id.13.988

; κατὰ μίαν ς. in a fixed proportion, Id.6.272; παρὰ τὴν ς. out of proportion, Arist.Pol. 1308b12; but σ. πρός τι, also, proportion calculated to produce.., Pl.Ti. 66d; ἡ τῶν καλῶν ς. Id.Sph. 235e;

ὑγίειαν ἐν.. σ. θερμῶν καὶ ψυχρῶν τίθεμεν Arist.Ph. 246b5

, cf. Gal.6.13,15, al.; ἡ τοῦ τῶν γάμων χρόνου ς. suitability, Pl.Lg. 925a: pl., αἱ ς. the proportions, Id.Ti. 87d, Sph. 235d, 236a.

b suitable relation, convenient size,

πόρων Epicur. Ep.2p.49U.

: pl.,

σ. καὶ ἁρμονίαι τῶν.. πόρων Id.Fr. 250

.

2 a woman's robe without a train, PSI4.341.7 (iii B.C.), Poll.7.54, Hsch.

συμμετρ-ικός, ή, όν,

A of moderate size, Poll.9.24.

συμμέτρ-ιος, ον,

A of the same class or standard, PMasp.310.10 (vi A.D.), PLond.5.1711.28 (vi A.D.).

σύμμετρ-ος, ον, ([etym.] μέτρον)

A commensurate with, of like measure or size with, σύμμετρος σῷ ποδί (sc. ἡ βάσις) E.El. 533;

χαμεύνῃ Id.Fr. 676

; βόστρυχον.. σύμμετρον τῷ σῷ κάρᾳ exactly like it, A.Ch. 230: esp. of Time, commensurate with, keeping even with, δαλὸν ἥλικα ξύμμετρόν τε διαὶ βίου ib. 610 (lyr.); τῷδε τἀνδρὶ ς. being of like age with him, S. OT 1113; ποίᾳ ξύμμετρος προὔβην τύχῃ; coincident with what chance have I come? i.e. in the very nick of time, Id.Ant. 387, cf. E.Alc.26 (infr. 111).

2 in Mathematics, having a common measure, σύμμετροι αἱ τῷ αὐτῷ μέτρῳ μετρούμεναι (sc. γραμμαί) Arist.LI 968b6; freq. denied of the relation between the diagonal of a square and its side, Id.APo. 71b27, APr. 41a26, Ph. 221b25, Rh. 1392a18; [τὸ νόμισμα] πάντα ποιεῖ σύμμετρα commensurable, Id.EN 1133b22; μήκει οὐ σύμμετροι τῇ ποδιαίᾳ not lineally commensurate with the one-foot side, Pl.Tht. 147d, cf. 148b: [comp] Comp., of musical intervals,

ταῖς αἰσθήσεσιν εὐληπτότερα τὰ -ότερα Ptol.Harm.1.10

.

3 in accord with the metre, S.Eleg.1; σύμμετροι ἐπεκτύπεον ποδῶν χορείαις in time, Tim. Pers. 213.

II in measure with, proportionable, exactly suitable, λόγοι ἀνδράσι ς. Isoc.4.83, cf. 5.110, 12.135; γῆ θηρίοις μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνθρώποις ς. Str.15.1.26;

σ. πρός τι Pl.Lg. 625d

, Metrod.Fr.1, etc.; c. dat., Pl.Men. 76d, Ti. 67c, Epicur.Fr.81 ([comp] Comp.).

2 abs., in right measure, in due proportion, symmetrical, opp. ὑπερβάλλων and ἐλλείπων, Arist.EN 1104a18, al.;

τὸ σ. καὶ καλόν Pl.Phlb. 66b

;

τῶν φύσει ξηροτέρων.. ὡς πρὸς τὸν σ. παραβάλλειν Gal.6.360

, cf. 27, al.

3 generally, fitting, meet, due,

ξύμμετρον δ' ἔπος λέγω A.Eu. 532

(lyr.);

δένδρον πολυκαρπότερον τοῦ συμμέτρου Pl.Ti. 86c

, cf. Phld.Rh.1.288S., al.; ξύμμετρος ὡς κλύειν within fit distance for hearing, S.OT84.

4 moderate,

πόνοι Isoc.1.12

;

ὥστε σύμμετρον.. τὸ πνεῦμα.. ποιεῖν Antiph.202.16

;

σ. τροφαί Sor.1.26

, cf. 49, al.; σ. στέγη moderate in size, X.Oec.8.13; of suitable size,

σκῆπτρον OGI56.62

(Canopus, iii B.C.).

III Adv. - τρως in moderation, Isoc.1.32, etc.; in due time,

ἀφίκετο E.Alc.26

; σ. πρὸς ἑωυτόν conveniently, Hp.Off.3; σ. ἔχειν πρός τι to be in proportion to.., X.Eq.1.16;

εἴς τι Arist.Mir. 834a15

;

σ. ἴσχειν λεπτότητος καὶ πάχους Pl.Ti. 85c

; τὸ μετὰ νοῦ καὶ τὸ ς. Nicom.Com.1.36; = μετρίως, φέρειν IG12(7).396.31 (Amorgos, ii B.C.), cf. Aristid.Quint.2.5. [comp] Comp. - ότερον more fittingly, D.61.27 (v.l. -ώτερον).

συμμετρ-ότης, ητος, ἡ,= συμμετρία, Gal.19.491.

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `measure, the right, full measure, goal, length, size, syllable- or verse-measure' (Il.).

Compounds: Many compp., e.g. σύμμετρος `with the same measure, maesured, becoming, symmetrical' with συμμετρ-ία `harmony, symmetry' a. o. (IA.); περί-μετρος `exceeding (the measure)' (Od.); but περί-μετρον (Hdt., Arist.), - ος (sc. γραμμή) f. `circumference, extent' after περίοδος a. o. with verbal association ( περι-μετρέω Luc.), s. Risch IF 59, 252.

Derivatives: Adj. 1. μέτριος `moderate, suitable' (Hes.) with μετρι-ότης `moderation' (IA.), - οσύνη `poverty' (pap. VI<sup>p</sup>), - ακός `moderate' (pap. VI^p), - άζω `be moderate' (Att. hell.) with - ασμός (Suid.); μετριεύεται H. s. λαγαρίτ-τεται. 2. μετρικός `metrical, acc. to measure' (Arist.). 3. Adv. μετρηδόν `in metrical form' (Nonn.). 4. Verb: μετρέω, very often with prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, δια-, ἐπι-, ἐκ-, ἀπο-, συν-, `measure, measure (off), estimate etc.' (Hom.); from this (often with prefix) μέτρ-ησις `measurement' (IA.)., - ημα `measure' (E., hell.), - ητής m. "measurer", name of a measure, `metretes' (Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 233), - ητίς f. `id.' (Amorgos IV^a), - ητιαῖος `sticking to a μ.' (Karyanda), - ητικός `regarding measurement' (Pl.). As 2. member in several verbal cornpp., e.g. γεω-μέτρης m. `land-, fieldmeasurer, geometrist' (Pl., X.) with γεωμετρ-ία, Ion. - ίη (Hdt., Ar.; also compound of γῆν μετρεῖν?), - ικός (Democr., Pl.), - έω (Att.), βου-μέτρης "cowmeasurer" = ὁ ἐπι θυσιῶν τεταγμένος παρὰ Αἰτωλοῖς H.; cf. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 86. -- Backformations like διάμετρος (sc. γραμμή) f. `diameter, diagonal etc.' (Pl., Arist.), ἐπίμετρον `excess, addition' (hell.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [703] * meh₁- `measure'

Etymology: Beside μέτρον we have with the same suffix but diff. ablaut μήτρα f. `landmeasure etc.' (Cilicia), ἐρεσι-μήτρην την γεωμετρίαν H. (s. ἔρα), which agrees exactly with Skt. mā́trā f. `measure' and goes back on an athematic present, Skt. mā́-ti `measure' (\< IE * meh₁-ti). The shortness of the ε in μέτρον as opposed to Skt. mā́tram n. `id.' finds however no agreement outside Greek; one might think of a thematic vowel after zero grade root μ-έ-τρον (Brugmann, e.g. Grundr.² II: 1, 342); a reduced grade of IE * meh₁-- (as θέ-(σις) from θη-) is difficult: it would require * mh₁tr- to become (*) μετρ- and not rather *m̥h₁tr- \> μητρ-; in the latter case Prakr. mettam n. `measure' from Skt. * mitram (innovated after mi-ta-?) would give a direct parallel (note that mh₁etr- might rather have givem *m̥h₁etr- \> *αμετρ-); the question has not been solved yet, Beekes Laryngeals 183. I now think that at the beginning of the word the *m- could have remained consonantal. A derivation IE *méd-tro-m from * med- `measure' (not here μέδιμνος, s.v., with de Saussure MSL 6, 246ff.) would have given *μέστρον. -- An other derivation of the same verb is μῆτις, s. v.

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