ΞενϜάρης

ξένος, ὁ, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [full] ξεῖνος (also freq. in Pi., N.7.61, al., used by Trag. metri gr. even in trim., mostly in voc., S.OC33, al., E.IT 798 codd., El. 247), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ξέννος Hdn.Gr.2.302 ; scanned [pron. full] ¯ ?ξένοςX and written ξεῖνος in Theoc.28.6, 30.17: [dialect] Aeol. [comp] Sup. ξεννότατος Sch. Tz. in An. Ox. 3.356.18 (sed v. fin.).

I guest-friend, applied to persons and states bound by a treaty or tie of hospitality, Od.1.313, etc. ;

ξεῖνοι δὲ.. εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος 15.196

;

ξ. πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός Il.6.215

;

ξ. δ' ἀλλήλων πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι Od.1.187

;

φησὶ δ' Ὀδυσσῆος ξεῖνος πατρώϊος εἶναι 17.522

; later freq. coupled with

φίλος, Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος D.21.110

, cf. 18.46, X.An.2.1.5, Lys. 19.19 ;

βασιλέως πατρικὸς ξ. Pl.Men. 78d

.

2 of parties giving or receiving hospitality, Od.8.145, etc. ; mostly of the guest, opp. the host, ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος ib. 543, etc. ; ἁ ξείνα the visitor, Theoc.2.154 ; of guests at a club, opp. σύνδειπνοι, PTeb.118.4 (ii B. C.) : less freq. of the host, Il.15.532, A.R.1.208, Ep.Rom.16.23, etc.: c. dat.,

ξεῖνός τινι Hdt.1.20

,22, cf. Th.2.13, X.An.1.1.10, etc. ; also ξ. τινός ib. 2.4.15.

II stranger, esp. wanderer, refugee (under the protection of Ζεὺς ξένιος), sts. coupled with

ἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος Od.9.270

, cf. 8.546; with

πτωχός, πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε 6.208

.

III generally, stranger, foreigner, opp. ἔνδημος, Hes.Op. 225; opp. ἀστός, Pi.O.7.90, S.OC13, And.4.10, etc. ;

πολιατᾶν καὶ ξ. Pi.I.1.51

, cf. A. Th. 924 (lyr.), Pl.Grg. 473d, etc. ; opp. ἐπιχώριος, Id.Men. 94d: coupled with μέτοικος, Th. 4.90, cf. IG12.39.53 ; with ἔπηλυς, Luc.Herm.24 ; opp. a member of the family, PMasp.169.10 (vi A. D.), etc.

b as a term of address to any stranger,

ὦ ξένε E. Ion 247

, Mosch.1.5, etc. ;

ὦ ξένη Pl.Smp. 204c

.

2 = βάρβαρος, at Sparta, Hdt.9.11,55.

IV hireling, Od.14.102 ; esp. mercenary soldier, IG12.949.89, X.An.1.1.10, D.18.152, etc. ;

ξ. ναυβάται Th.1.121

: rarely simply, ally, X.Lac. 12.3.

B as Adj. [full] ξένος, η, ον (also ος, ον E.Supp.94), [dialect] Ion. [full] ξεῖνος, η, ον, foreign, not in Hom. (in the phrases

ξεῖνε πάτερ Od.7.28

,

ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι Il.24.202

, both words are Subst.) ; freq. in later writers,

ξείνα γαῖα Pi.P.4.118

codd.;

ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός S.OC 1256

; γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας ib. 1705 (lyr., cf. ξένη); ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί by foreign hands, Id.El. 1141 ; ξ. δόμοι, πόλις, etc., E.Ph. 339 (lyr.), 369, etc. ; of alien property,

ξ. ἄρουραι PMasp.295.22

(vi A.D.).

II c. gen. rei, strange to a thing, unacquainted with, ignorant of it,

ξ. τοῦ λόγου S.OT 219

, cf. AP4.3a.37 (Agath.);

ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας Ep.Eph.2.12

, cf. BGU405.12 (iv A. D.). Adv. ξένως, ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως I am a stranger to the mode of speech, Pl.Ap. 17d ;

ἔχειν τῆς διαλέκτου Them. Or.21.253c

.

III strange, unusual,

λόγοι A.Pr. 688

(lyr.) ;

τιμωρίαι Ti.Locr.104d

;

ποιεῖν ξένην τὴν διάλεκτον Arist.Rh. 1404b11

, cf. 1415a7 ;

οὐδὲν ξ. ἐν τῷ παντὶ ἀποτελεῖται Epicur.Fr. 266

;

τοῖς νέοις ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα Arist.Pol. 1336b34

;

ξένα ταῖς ὄψεσι D.S.3.15

; ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος I Ep.Pet.4.12 ;

διδαχαὶ ποικίλαι καὶ ξ. Ep.Hebr.13.9

;

ξ. δαιμόνια Act.Ap.17.18

: [comp] Sup.,

πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων Phld.Herc.1251.5

;

ξ. αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα Luc.Cont.13

, etc. Adv.

ξένως, λαλεῖν Phld.P0.5.12

.

2 τοῦ πνεύματος.. ῥύσις ὡς -ωτάτη air as fresh as possible, Hp.Nat.Hom.9. (From ξένϝος, cf.

πρόξενϝος IG9(1).867

, Ξενϝάρης ib.869, Ξενϝοκλῆς, Ξένϝων, ib.4.315,348: hence it is improb. that the [dialect] Aeol. form was ξέννος.)

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `foreigner, guest, guestfriend, host' (Il.), `mercenary, soldier' (ξ 102, Att.); ξένη (scil. γυνή, γῆ) f. `the foreign, foreign country' (trag., X.); adj. `foreign' (posthom.).

Other forms: ep. Ion. poet. ξεῖνος, Dor. ξένϜος (in Cor. ΞενϜοκλῆς, Corc. El. ΞενϜάρης), ξῆνος (Cyr. Φιλόξηνος), (hyper)Aeol. ξέννος (Hdn.; vgl. Schwyzer 228), (?),

Dialectal forms: Myc. kesenuwo \/ ksenwos\/

Compounds: Many compp., e.g. ξενο-, ξεινο-δόκος m. `receiving foreigners, guests, host' (Il.), φιλό-ξε(ι)νος `loving guests, hospitable' (Od.; on the verbal function of the 1. element Schwyzer 442), πρόξενος, Corc. πρόξενϜος m. `deputy guest, state guest' (posthom.; Risch IF 59, 38 f.); on Εὔξεινος ( πόντος) s. v.

Derivatives: A. Adj. 1. ξένιος, ξείνιος `regarding the foreigner', τὰ ξε(ί)νια `gust-gifts (Il.; Myc. kesenuwija); 2. younger ξε(ι)νικός `id.' (IA.; Chantraine Études, s. Index) ; 3. ξεινήϊος in τὰ ξεινήϊα ( τὸ ξ-ον) = τὰ ξείνια (Hom.), after πρεσβήϊα (Risch ̨ 46); 4. ξενόεις `full of foreigners' (E. in lyr.). B. Subst. 1. ξε(ι)νίη, - ία f. `guest-friendship, guest-right' (since ω); 2. ξεινοσύνη f. `hospitality' (φ 35; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss - συνη 26); 3. ξενών, - ῶνος m. `guest-room, -house' (E., Pl.; cf. H.Bolkestein Ξενών [MAWNeth. 84 B: 3] 1937); ξενῶνες οἱ ἀνδρῶνες ὑπὸ Φρυγῶν H.; after Pisani AnFilCl 6, 211ff. to the family of χθών(?); 4. ξενίς, - ίδος f. `road leading into foreign countries' (Delph. II^a); 5. ξενίδιον n. `small guesthous' (pap. III<sup>p</sup>); 6. ξεν-ύδριον (Men.), - ύλλιον (Plu.) depreciatory dimin. of ξένος (Chantraine Form. 73 f.). C. Verbs. 1. ξε(ι)νίζω `receive guestly, hospitalize' (Il.), also `wonder' (hell.) with ξένισις f. `hospitality' (Th.), ξενισμός m. `id.' (Pl., inscr., Luc.), also `wonder, innovation' (Plb., D. S., Dsc.); ξενιστής m. `host' (sch.). 2. ξε(ι)νόομαι `accept s.body as a guest' (Pi., IA.), also `live in foreign country, go in..' (S., E.), - όω `embessle' (Hld.); ξένωσις f. `residence abroad' (E. HF 965; cf. v. Wilamowitz ad loc.). 3. ξενιτεύομαι `serve as soldier abroad' (Isoc., Antiph.), -ω `live abroad' (Timae. Hist., J.); after πολιτεύομαι, -ω: πολίτης: πόλις (Georgacas Glotta 36, 173); ξενιτ-εία f. `mercenary, live abroad' (Democr., LXX), - ευτής m. `who lives abroad' (VI^p).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Isolated. The semantic agreement with the old word for `foreigner, guest' in Lat. hostis m. `foreigner, enemy', Germ., e.g. Goth. gasts `guest', OCS gostь `id.', IE * ghosti-s, led to attempts, to connect them also formally, which is possible omly with a mechanic and arbitrary analysis: *ξ-εν-Ϝος to a sero grade and nasalized present *ghs-en-u̯ō (Brugmann IF 1, 172ff.; s also Schwyzer 329 and Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30). Other explanations, also to be rejected, in Bq, WP. 1, 640f., W.-Hofmann s. hostis. -- Jokl (IF 37, 93, after Pedersen) wants to find a lengthened grade * ghsēn- in Alb. huai `foreign'. Very uncertein Newphryg. voc. ξευνε; on it with a Illyrian hypothesis v. Blumenthal Glotta 20, 288. Is it Pre-Greek?

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