-
21 castrum
castrum, i, n. [kindred with casa, q. v.].I.In sing., any fortified place; a castle, fort, fortress (more rare than castellum):B.ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, etc.,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin. —Esp., nom. propr.1.Castrum Altum or Album, in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 24, 41, 3.—2.Castrum Inui, or simply Castrum, an ancient city of the Rutuli, near Ardea, Verg. A. 6, 775;3.called Castrum,
Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359. —Castrum Novum, a city on the seacoast of Etruria, Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.—4.Another Castrum Novum, on the sea-coast of Picenum, now Giulia Nova, [p. 299] Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.—5.Castrum Truentinum, a maritime city of Picenum, on the river Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1;6.also called Truentum,
Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.—Castrum Vergium, a fortress of the Bergistani in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far more freq.,II.In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. ( castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).A.Lit., several soldiers ' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment; among the Romans a square (quadrata);b.later, after the manner of the Greeks, sometimes circular, or adjusted to its situation,
Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It was surrounded by a trench (fossa) and a wall (vallum), and had four gates: Porta Praetoria, the front, chief gate, on the opp. side from the enemy, from which the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in later times Porta Quaestoria), the back gate;Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, situated on the two sides of the camp,
Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—Phrases.(α).With adj.:(β).stativa,
occupied for a long time, permanent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; Caes. B. C. 3, 30; 3, 37; Sall. J. 44, 4; Tac. A. 3, 21:aestiva,
summer camp, id. ib. 1, 16; Suet. Claud. 1:hiberna,
Liv. 29, 35, 13 (more freq. absol. aestiva and hiberna, q. v.):navalia,
an encampment on the shore for protecting the fleet and the troops while landing; sometimes connected with the ships drawn to land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22 Herz.; cf. id. ib. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 35, 13;called also nautica,
Nep. Alcib. 8, 5; id. Hann. 11, 6 (cf. id. ib. § 4; Liv. 44, 39): lunata, crescent-shaped, Auct. B. Afr. 80.—With numerals:una,
Tac. A. 4, 2:bina,
Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; Liv. 4, 27, 3:quina,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9.—With verb:c.locum castris antecapere,
Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.:capere locum castris,
Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15;and montes castris capere,
Tac. A. 12, 55: castra metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.:facere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.:ponere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.:ponere et munire,
Sall. J. 75, 7:munire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1:communire,
Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3:castra castris conferre,
id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9:castris se tenere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8:castra movere,
to break up, to decamp, id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. with to march forth from a camp, id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:movere retro,
Liv. 2, 58, 3:removere,
id. 9, 24, 4:proferre,
Caes. B. C. 1, 81:castris castra inferre,
Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.—Castra Praetoriana, Praetoria, Urbana or simply Castra, the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of Rome, Suet. Tib. 37; id. Claud. 21; Tac. A. 4, 2; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Claud. 36; Dig. 48, 5, 15. —d.Castrorum filius, a surname of Caligula, who was brought up in the camp, Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum mater, an appellation of Faustina, the wife of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, because she accompanied him in an expedition against the Quadi, Capitol. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence both appell. in later inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses. —B.Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.1.Castra Corneliana or Cornelia, on the north coast of Africa, near Utica, so called because the elder Scipio Africanus first pitched his camp there, after his landing in Africa, in the second Punic war, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—2.Castra Caecilia, in Lusitania, Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.—3.Castra Hannibalis, a seaport town in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.—4.Castra Pyrrhi, a place in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.—5.Castra Vetera or Vetera, a place on the Lower Rhine, now Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.—6.Castra Alexandri, a district in Egypt, Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.—C.Meton.1.Since, in military expeditions, a camp was pitched each evening, in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a day ' s march:2.secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad Dium,
Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.:alteris castris,
Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.—So tertiis castris,
Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71:quartis castris,
Liv. 44, 46, 10:quintis castris,
Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4:septimis castris,
id. 40, 22, 1:decimis castris,
id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.—Military service (hence, often opp. forum and toga), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39:3. 4.qui magnum in castris usum habebant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39.—Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.—5.Of political parties, regarded as arrayed in hostility:6.si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris,
Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.—Of philosophical sects:Epicuri castra,
Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1:O castra praeclara (Epicuri)!
id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4. -
22 Cato
Căto, ōnis, m. [1. catus], a cognomen of several celebrated Romans in the gens Porcia, Valeria, Vettia al.I.M. Porcius Cato the elder, distinguished as a rigid judge of morals; hence with the appel. Censorius;B.whose most celebrated works were the Origines and De Re Rustica,
Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 135; Liv. 31, 1 sqq.; Plin. 7, 27, 28, § 100; 7, 30, 31, § 112; cf., concerning him, Bernhardy, Röm. Litt. p. 521 sq.; 650; Bähr, Lit. Gesch. p. 515; 258; 354 al.;Ellendt, Cic. Brut. p. xix.-xxv.—As appel. of a severe judge,
Mart. 1, prooem. fin.; Phaedr. 4, 7, 21.—Hence,Cătōnĭānus, a, um, adj., of Cato:II.familia,
Cic. Q. Fr. 4, 6, 5:aetas,
Sen. Tranq. 7, 5:illa (i. e. praecepta),
id. Ep. 94, 27:lingua,
i. e. of high morality, Mart. 9, 27, 14.—His descendant, M. Porcius Cato the younger, the enemy of Cœsar, who committed suicide after the battle of Pharsalia, at Utica; hence with the appel. Uticensis.—B.Cătōnīni, ōrum, m., the adherents or friends of Cato, Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 1; cf. catonium.—Concerning both, and the Porcian family in gen., v. Gell. 13, 20 Hertz, p. 19 Bip.—On account of their serious and austere character, serious, or gloomy, morose men are called Catones, Sen. Ep. 120, 19; cf. Juv. 2, 40; Phaedr. 4, 7, 21; Petr. 132.—III.Valerius Cato, a celebrated grammarian of Gaul, and poet of the time of Sulla, Cat. 56; Ov. Tr. 2, 436; Suet. Gram. 2; 4; 11.—IV.Dionysius Cato, author of the Disticha de moribus, prob. about the time of Constantine; v. the Disticha, with the Sententiae of Syrus, at the end of the Fabulae of Phaedrus, Bip. -
23 Hippo
Hippo, ōnis, m., = Hippôn, the name of several cities.I.A city of Numidia, also with the surname of regius, Gr. Hippôn basilikos, afterwards a bishop's see, now Bonah, Mel. 1, 7, 1; Liv. 29, 3, 7; Sil. 3, 259.—II.Hippo Diarrhytus, Hippôn diarrutos, a city of Zeugitana, west of Utica, now Ben Zert, Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 23; 9, 8, 8, § 26; Sol. 27 med. —B.Deriv.: Hippōnensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Hippo:III.sinus,
Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 23:colonia,
Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 2. — Subst.: Hippōnenses, ium, m. plur., the inhabitants of Hippo, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 26. —A city of Hispania Tarraconensis, near Toletum, Liv. 39, 30.—IV.The previous name of Vibo, in the territory of the Bruttii, Mel. 2, 4, 9; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 73. -
24 Hipponenses
Hippo, ōnis, m., = Hippôn, the name of several cities.I.A city of Numidia, also with the surname of regius, Gr. Hippôn basilikos, afterwards a bishop's see, now Bonah, Mel. 1, 7, 1; Liv. 29, 3, 7; Sil. 3, 259.—II.Hippo Diarrhytus, Hippôn diarrutos, a city of Zeugitana, west of Utica, now Ben Zert, Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 23; 9, 8, 8, § 26; Sol. 27 med. —B.Deriv.: Hippōnensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Hippo:III.sinus,
Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 23:colonia,
Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 2. — Subst.: Hippōnenses, ium, m. plur., the inhabitants of Hippo, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 26. —A city of Hispania Tarraconensis, near Toletum, Liv. 39, 30.—IV.The previous name of Vibo, in the territory of the Bruttii, Mel. 2, 4, 9; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 73. -
25 Magni Campi
Magni Campi, ōrum, m., translation of ta megala pedia, a place in Africa near Utica, Liv. 30, 8, 3. -
26 Naevius
1.naevĭus, a, um, adj. [naevus], that has a mole on his body, Arn. 3, 108 dub. (al. naevinos).2.Naevĭus, a [naevus; hence, prop., one born with a mole or birth-mark], name of a Roman gens. The most celebrated member of it is Cn. Naevius, a Roman epic and dramatic poet, born A. U. C. 480. He made the first Punic war, in which he had served, the subject of a poem, in which he so boldly satirized the nobility, especially the Metelli, that he was forced into exile at Utica, where he died, A. U. C. 550, Cic. Brut. 15, 60; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; Gell. 1, 24, 2; 17, 21, 45.—Hence,A.Naevĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Nævius, Nœvian:B.porta Naevia,
Liv. 2, 11; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 163 Müll.: Naevia silva dicta juxta Romam, quod Naevi cujusdam fuerit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 168 ib.:Naevia olea,
Col. 12, 48.—Naevĭānus, a, um, adj., Nævian; i. e.,1.Of or belonging to the poel Nævius:2.Hector,
Cic. Fam. 5, 12:scripta,
id. Brut. 15:modi,
id. Leg. 2, 15.— -
27 naevius
1.naevĭus, a, um, adj. [naevus], that has a mole on his body, Arn. 3, 108 dub. (al. naevinos).2.Naevĭus, a [naevus; hence, prop., one born with a mole or birth-mark], name of a Roman gens. The most celebrated member of it is Cn. Naevius, a Roman epic and dramatic poet, born A. U. C. 480. He made the first Punic war, in which he had served, the subject of a poem, in which he so boldly satirized the nobility, especially the Metelli, that he was forced into exile at Utica, where he died, A. U. C. 550, Cic. Brut. 15, 60; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; Gell. 1, 24, 2; 17, 21, 45.—Hence,A.Naevĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Nævius, Nœvian:B.porta Naevia,
Liv. 2, 11; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 163 Müll.: Naevia silva dicta juxta Romam, quod Naevi cujusdam fuerit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 168 ib.:Naevia olea,
Col. 12, 48.—Naevĭānus, a, um, adj., Nævian; i. e.,1.Of or belonging to the poel Nævius:2.Hector,
Cic. Fam. 5, 12:scripta,
id. Brut. 15:modi,
id. Leg. 2, 15.— -
28 Porcia
A.M. Porcius Cato Censorinus, or Major, the severe censor, whose life was written by Nepos, and for whom Cicero named his Essay on Old Age, Nep. Cato, 1 sqq.; Cic. Rep. 1, 1.—B.M. Porcius Cato, the younger, called Uticensis, because of his famous death at Utica, Sall. Cat. 52, 1; Cic. Att. 12, 12, 1.—C.In fem., Porcia, a sister of the younger Cato, wife of Domitius Ahenobarbus, Cic. Att. 13, 37; 3, 48.—Hence,II.Porcĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Porcius, Porcian: lex, of the people's tribune P. Porcius Laeca, Liv. 9, 10; Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 12; id. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163; Sall. C. 51, 40:basilica,
named after the elder Cato, Liv. 39, 44. -
29 Porcius
A.M. Porcius Cato Censorinus, or Major, the severe censor, whose life was written by Nepos, and for whom Cicero named his Essay on Old Age, Nep. Cato, 1 sqq.; Cic. Rep. 1, 1.—B.M. Porcius Cato, the younger, called Uticensis, because of his famous death at Utica, Sall. Cat. 52, 1; Cic. Att. 12, 12, 1.—C.In fem., Porcia, a sister of the younger Cato, wife of Domitius Ahenobarbus, Cic. Att. 13, 37; 3, 48.—Hence,II.Porcĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Porcius, Porcian: lex, of the people's tribune P. Porcius Laeca, Liv. 9, 10; Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 12; id. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163; Sall. C. 51, 40:basilica,
named after the elder Cato, Liv. 39, 44. -
30 promunturium
prōmuntŭrĭum ( prōmon-), ĭi, n. [pro-mineo].I.The highest part of a chain of mountains, a mountain-ridge, Liv. 21, 35, 8.—II.A part of a mountain projecting into the sea, a headland, promontory, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 145; id. Phil. 1, 3, 7; Caes. B. G. 3, 12; Liv. 29, 27; Mel. 1, 7; Ov. M. 15, 709 et saep.—As nom. propr.1.Promunturium Apollinis, in Africa, near Utica, now Zibib, Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 23; Liv. 30, 24.—2.Candidum, also in Africa, Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 23.—3.Pulchrum, east of Carthage, Liv. 29, 27.—4.Sacrum, in Portugal, now Cabo de St. Vincente, Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 242.—5.Junonis, near Cadiz, now C. Trafalgar, Mel. 2, 6 fin. —6.Ampelusia, in Africa, now Cabo Spartel, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 2. -
31 quadrimus
quā̆drīmus, a, um, adj. [quattuor and root ghim-, him-, of Sanscr. himas, snow; cf. Gr. chiôn, cheima; Lat. hiems, hibernus; hence, of four winters], of four years, four years old (class.):de quadrimo Catone,
of Cato of Utica, when four years old, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; cf.:infantem natum esse quadrimo parem,
Liv. 27, 37:boves,
Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 5:merum,
Hor. C. 1, 9, 7:vitis,
Col. 4, 16, 1:dies,
a term of four years, Dig. 23, 4, 19:equae,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 171.
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