Āfricus

* * *

Afrĭca, ae, f. [the Romans received this name from the Carthaginians as designating their country, and in this sense only the Gr. hê Aphrikê occurs].

In a restricted sense, designated by the Greeks hê Libuê, Libya, the territory of Carthage:

Nilus Africam ab Aethiopiā dispescens,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 53; 5, 4, 3:

regio, quae sequitur a promontorio Metagonio ad aras Philaenorum, proprie nomen Africae usurpat,

Mel. 1, 7; cf. Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, and id. Lig. 7.—

In an extended sense, the whole of that quarter of the globe south of the Mediterranean Sea, Mel. 1, 4.—By meton. for its inhabitants: Africa, quae procul a mari incultius agebat, Sall. J. 89, 7 (cf. id. ib. 19, 5: alios incultius vagos agitare).—Hence,

Afrĭcānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Africa, African:

bellum Africanum,

the war of Cœsar with the partisans of Pompey in Africa, Cic. Deiot. 9:

rumores,

of the African war, id. ib.:

causa,

id. Fam. 6, 13:

possessiones,

in Africa, Nep. Att. 12:

gallina,

a guinea-hen, Varr. R. R. 3, 9; cf. Plin. 10, 26, 38, § 74.— Subst.: Afrĭcānae, ārum, sc. ferae, panthers, Liv. 44, 18; so Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64; Plin. Ep. 6, 34; Suet. Cat. 18; id. Claud. 21 al.—Esp., Afrĭcā-nus, surname of the two most distinguished Scipios.

Of P. Cornelius Scipio major, who defeated Hannibal at Zama (201 B. C.). —

Of his grandson by adoption, P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus minor, who conducted the third Punic war, destroyed Carthage (146 B.C.), and subjected the whole Carthaginian territory to the Romans.—

Afrĭcus, a, um, adj., African (mostly poet. for the prose Africanus): terra, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167; so Liv. 29, 23 fin.:

bella,

Sil. 17, 11:

Vicus,

a place in Rome, on the Esquiline Hill, where the Carthaginian hostages were held in custody, Varr. R. R. 5, 32, 44.—But esp. freq., Afrĭcus ventus, or subst.: Afrĭcus, i, m., the south-west wind, Gr. lips, blowing between Auster and Favonius (libonotos and zephuros), opp. Vulturnus (kaikias), now called, among the Italians, Affrico or gherbino; cf. Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119, and Sen. Q. N. 5, 16:

creberque procellis Africus,

Verg. A. 1, 86:

praeceps,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 12:

luctans,

id. ib. 1, 1, 15:

pestilens,

id. ib. 3, 23, 5:

protervus,

id. Epod. 16, 22.— Adj.: procellae, the waves or storms caused by the Africus, Hor. C. 3, 29, 57.—In Propert., Africus, as the god of this wind, is called pater, 5, 3, 48, but Müll. here reads Aetheris.

Afrĭca, ae, f. [the Romans received this name from the Carthaginians as designating their country, and in this sense only the Gr. hê Aphrikê occurs].

In a restricted sense, designated by the Greeks hê Libuê, Libya, the territory of Carthage:

Nilus Africam ab Aethiopiā dispescens,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 53; 5, 4, 3:

regio, quae sequitur a promontorio Metagonio ad aras Philaenorum, proprie nomen Africae usurpat,

Mel. 1, 7; cf. Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, and id. Lig. 7.—

In an extended sense, the whole of that quarter of the globe south of the Mediterranean Sea, Mel. 1, 4.—By meton. for its inhabitants: Africa, quae procul a mari incultius agebat, Sall. J. 89, 7 (cf. id. ib. 19, 5: alios incultius vagos agitare).—Hence,

Afrĭcānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Africa, African:

bellum Africanum,

the war of Cœsar with the partisans of Pompey in Africa, Cic. Deiot. 9:

rumores,

of the African war, id. ib.:

causa,

id. Fam. 6, 13:

possessiones,

in Africa, Nep. Att. 12:

gallina,

a guinea-hen, Varr. R. R. 3, 9; cf. Plin. 10, 26, 38, § 74.— Subst.: Afrĭcānae, ārum, sc. ferae, panthers, Liv. 44, 18; so Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64; Plin. Ep. 6, 34; Suet. Cat. 18; id. Claud. 21 al.—Esp., Afrĭcā-nus, surname of the two most distinguished Scipios.

Of P. Cornelius Scipio major, who defeated Hannibal at Zama (201 B. C.). —

Of his grandson by adoption, P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus minor, who conducted the third Punic war, destroyed Carthage (146 B.C.), and subjected the whole Carthaginian territory to the Romans.—

Afrĭcus, a, um, adj., African (mostly poet. for the prose Africanus): terra, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167; so Liv. 29, 23 fin.:

bella,

Sil. 17, 11:

Vicus,

a place in Rome, on the Esquiline Hill, where the Carthaginian hostages were held in custody, Varr. R. R. 5, 32, 44.—But esp. freq., Afrĭcus ventus, or subst.: Afrĭcus, i, m., the south-west wind, Gr. lips, blowing between Auster and Favonius (libonotos and zephuros), opp. Vulturnus (kaikias), now called, among the Italians, Affrico or gherbino; cf. Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119, and Sen. Q. N. 5, 16:

creberque procellis Africus,

Verg. A. 1, 86:

praeceps,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 12:

luctans,

id. ib. 1, 1, 15:

pestilens,

id. ib. 3, 23, 5:

protervus,

id. Epod. 16, 22.— Adj.: procellae, the waves or storms caused by the Africus, Hor. C. 3, 29, 57.—In Propert., Africus, as the god of this wind, is called pater, 5, 3, 48, but Müll. here reads Aetheris.

Afrĭca, ae, f. [the Romans received this name from the Carthaginians as designating their country, and in this sense only the Gr. hê Aphrikê occurs].

In a restricted sense, designated by the Greeks hê Libuê, Libya, the territory of Carthage:

Nilus Africam ab Aethiopiā dispescens,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 53; 5, 4, 3:

regio, quae sequitur a promontorio Metagonio ad aras Philaenorum, proprie nomen Africae usurpat,

Mel. 1, 7; cf. Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, and id. Lig. 7.—

In an extended sense, the whole of that quarter of the globe south of the Mediterranean Sea, Mel. 1, 4.—By meton. for its inhabitants: Africa, quae procul a mari incultius agebat, Sall. J. 89, 7 (cf. id. ib. 19, 5: alios incultius vagos agitare).—Hence,

Afrĭcānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Africa, African:

bellum Africanum,

the war of Cœsar with the partisans of Pompey in Africa, Cic. Deiot. 9:

rumores,

of the African war, id. ib.:

causa,

id. Fam. 6, 13:

possessiones,

in Africa, Nep. Att. 12:

gallina,

a guinea-hen, Varr. R. R. 3, 9; cf. Plin. 10, 26, 38, § 74.— Subst.: Afrĭcānae, ārum, sc. ferae, panthers, Liv. 44, 18; so Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64; Plin. Ep. 6, 34; Suet. Cat. 18; id. Claud. 21 al.—Esp., Afrĭcā-nus, surname of the two most distinguished Scipios.

Of P. Cornelius Scipio major, who defeated Hannibal at Zama (201 B. C.). —

Of his grandson by adoption, P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus minor, who conducted the third Punic war, destroyed Carthage (146 B.C.), and subjected the whole Carthaginian territory to the Romans.—

Afrĭcus, a, um, adj., African (mostly poet. for the prose Africanus): terra, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167; so Liv. 29, 23 fin.:

bella,

Sil. 17, 11:

Vicus,

a place in Rome, on the Esquiline Hill, where the Carthaginian hostages were held in custody, Varr. R. R. 5, 32, 44.—But esp. freq., Afrĭcus ventus, or subst.: Afrĭcus, i, m., the south-west wind, Gr. lips, blowing between Auster and Favonius (libonotos and zephuros), opp. Vulturnus (kaikias), now called, among the Italians, Affrico or gherbino; cf. Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119, and Sen. Q. N. 5, 16:

creberque procellis Africus,

Verg. A. 1, 86:

praeceps,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 12:

luctans,

id. ib. 1, 1, 15:

pestilens,

id. ib. 3, 23, 5:

protervus,

id. Epod. 16, 22.— Adj.: procellae, the waves or storms caused by the Africus, Hor. C. 3, 29, 57.—In Propert., Africus, as the god of this wind, is called pater, 5, 3, 48, but Müll. here reads Aetheris.

Afrĭca, ae, f. [the Romans received this name from the Carthaginians as designating their country, and in this sense only the Gr. hê Aphrikê occurs].

In a restricted sense, designated by the Greeks hê Libuê, Libya, the territory of Carthage:

Nilus Africam ab Aethiopiā dispescens,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 53; 5, 4, 3:

regio, quae sequitur a promontorio Metagonio ad aras Philaenorum, proprie nomen Africae usurpat,

Mel. 1, 7; cf. Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, and id. Lig. 7.—

In an extended sense, the whole of that quarter of the globe south of the Mediterranean Sea, Mel. 1, 4.—By meton. for its inhabitants: Africa, quae procul a mari incultius agebat, Sall. J. 89, 7 (cf. id. ib. 19, 5: alios incultius vagos agitare).—Hence,

Afrĭcānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Africa, African:

bellum Africanum,

the war of Cœsar with the partisans of Pompey in Africa, Cic. Deiot. 9:

rumores,

of the African war, id. ib.:

causa,

id. Fam. 6, 13:

possessiones,

in Africa, Nep. Att. 12:

gallina,

a guinea-hen, Varr. R. R. 3, 9; cf. Plin. 10, 26, 38, § 74.— Subst.: Afrĭcānae, ārum, sc. ferae, panthers, Liv. 44, 18; so Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64; Plin. Ep. 6, 34; Suet. Cat. 18; id. Claud. 21 al.—Esp., Afrĭcā-nus, surname of the two most distinguished Scipios.

Of P. Cornelius Scipio major, who defeated Hannibal at Zama (201 B. C.). —

Of his grandson by adoption, P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus minor, who conducted the third Punic war, destroyed Carthage (146 B.C.), and subjected the whole Carthaginian territory to the Romans.—

Afrĭcus, a, um, adj., African (mostly poet. for the prose Africanus): terra, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167; so Liv. 29, 23 fin.:

bella,

Sil. 17, 11:

Vicus,

a place in Rome, on the Esquiline Hill, where the Carthaginian hostages were held in custody, Varr. R. R. 5, 32, 44.—But esp. freq., Afrĭcus ventus, or subst.: Afrĭcus, i, m., the south-west wind, Gr. lips, blowing between Auster and Favonius (libonotos and zephuros), opp. Vulturnus (kaikias), now called, among the Italians, Affrico or gherbino; cf. Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119, and Sen. Q. N. 5, 16:

creberque procellis Africus,

Verg. A. 1, 86:

praeceps,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 12:

luctans,

id. ib. 1, 1, 15:

pestilens,

id. ib. 3, 23, 5:

protervus,

id. Epod. 16, 22.— Adj.: procellae, the waves or storms caused by the Africus, Hor. C. 3, 29, 57.—In Propert., Africus, as the god of this wind, is called pater, 5, 3, 48, but Müll. here reads Aetheris.

Afrĭca, ae, f. [the Romans received this name from the Carthaginians as designating their country, and in this sense only the Gr. hê Aphrikê occurs].

In a restricted sense, designated by the Greeks hê Libuê, Libya, the territory of Carthage:

Nilus Africam ab Aethiopiā dispescens,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 53; 5, 4, 3:

regio, quae sequitur a promontorio Metagonio ad aras Philaenorum, proprie nomen Africae usurpat,

Mel. 1, 7; cf. Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, and id. Lig. 7.—

In an extended sense, the whole of that quarter of the globe south of the Mediterranean Sea, Mel. 1, 4.—By meton. for its inhabitants: Africa, quae procul a mari incultius agebat, Sall. J. 89, 7 (cf. id. ib. 19, 5: alios incultius vagos agitare).—Hence,

Afrĭcānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Africa, African:

bellum Africanum,

the war of Cœsar with the partisans of Pompey in Africa, Cic. Deiot. 9:

rumores,

of the African war, id. ib.:

causa,

id. Fam. 6, 13:

possessiones,

in Africa, Nep. Att. 12:

gallina,

a guinea-hen, Varr. R. R. 3, 9; cf. Plin. 10, 26, 38, § 74.— Subst.: Afrĭcānae, ārum, sc. ferae, panthers, Liv. 44, 18; so Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64; Plin. Ep. 6, 34; Suet. Cat. 18; id. Claud. 21 al.—Esp., Afrĭcā-nus, surname of the two most distinguished Scipios.

Of P. Cornelius Scipio major, who defeated Hannibal at Zama (201 B. C.). —

Of his grandson by adoption, P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus minor, who conducted the third Punic war, destroyed Carthage (146 B.C.), and subjected the whole Carthaginian territory to the Romans.—

Afrĭcus, a, um, adj., African (mostly poet. for the prose Africanus): terra, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 167; so Liv. 29, 23 fin.:

bella,

Sil. 17, 11:

Vicus,

a place in Rome, on the Esquiline Hill, where the Carthaginian hostages were held in custody, Varr. R. R. 5, 32, 44.—But esp. freq., Afrĭcus ventus, or subst.: Afrĭcus, i, m., the south-west wind, Gr. lips, blowing between Auster and Favonius (libonotos and zephuros), opp. Vulturnus (kaikias), now called, among the Italians, Affrico or gherbino; cf. Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119, and Sen. Q. N. 5, 16:

creberque procellis Africus,

Verg. A. 1, 86:

praeceps,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 12:

luctans,

id. ib. 1, 1, 15:

pestilens,

id. ib. 3, 23, 5:

protervus,

id. Epod. 16, 22.— Adj.: procellae, the waves or storms caused by the Africus, Hor. C. 3, 29, 57.—In Propert., Africus, as the god of this wind, is called pater, 5, 3, 48, but Müll. here reads Aetheris.

Austrō - Afrĭcus, i, m. [1. auster], the south - southwest wind, Gr. Aibonotos, between Auster and Africus, Isid. Orig. 13, 11, 7 (Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 120, and Sen. Q. N. 5, 16 fin. call it Libonotos, and the latter says: Libonotos, qui apud nos sine nomine est).

austrō -nŏtius, ii, m. [id.] (sc. polus), the south pole, Isid. Orig. 3, 32; 3, 36; 13, 5, 5 (in the latter passage also austrō -nŏtus).

Austrō - Afrĭcus, i, m. [1. auster], the south - southwest wind, Gr. Aibonotos, between Auster and Africus, Isid. Orig. 13, 11, 7 (Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 120, and Sen. Q. N. 5, 16 fin. call it Libonotos, and the latter says: Libonotos, qui apud nos sine nomine est).

austrō -nŏtius, ii, m. [id.] (sc. polus), the south pole, Isid. Orig. 3, 32; 3, 36; 13, 5, 5 (in the latter passage also austrō -nŏtus).

Libs ( Lips), ĭbis, adj., = Lips, Libyan; subst., a Libyan; of Antæus, Sid. Carm. 9, 94.—

The west-south-west wind:

ab occasu brumali Africus: Noton et Liba nominant,

Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119:

velivolique maris constrator leuconotos libs, Aus. Technopaegn. de Deis, 12.—Form Lips: Africus furibundus apud Graecos Lips dicitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 16, 5; cf. Suet. Fragm. § 151 (p. 231 Reiffersch.).

* * *

* * *

* * *

crēber, bra, brum ( sup. creberrimus;

but crebrissimus,

Gell. 2, 30, 2; cf. Rudd. I. p. 170;

and CEREBERRIMVS,

Inscr. Orell. 68), adj. [from cre-, root of cresco, Corn. Beitr. p. 356], that exists or takes place in a continuous multitude, following closely together or one after another (hence with continuus, Quint. 12, 10, 46; opp. rarus).

Thick, close, pressed together, frequent, numerous, repeated (very freq., and class.).

Of material subjects:

lucus avius, Crebro salicto oppletus,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 9; cf.

silva,

Lucr. 6, 135:

crebris arboribus succisis omnes introitus erant praeclusi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 9:

rami,

id. ib. 2, 17:

(venae et arteriae) crebrae multaeque, toto corpore intextae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138:

funale,

numerous torches, id. Sen. 13, 44:

castella,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

creberrima aedificia,

id. ib. 5, 12:

ignes quam creberrimi,

Sall. J. 106, 4; cf. id. ib. 98, 6:

vigilias ponere,

id. ib. 45, 2:

tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique,

Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.

exploratores,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tam crebri ad terram decidebant quam pira,

as thick as pears, Plaut. Poen. 2, 38; cf.

hostes,

id. Am. 1, 1, 84:

crebri cecidere caelo lapides,

Liv. 1, 31, 2; cf. sup., id. 28, 37, 7 et saep.—

Of immaterial subjects:

itiones,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 23; cf.

excursiones,

Nep. Milt. 2, 1:

ictus,

Lucr. 4, 935; Hor. C. 1, 25, 2; Suet. Calig. 30:

impetus,

Lucr. 1, 294; Sall. J. 50, 1 al.:

anhelitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 55; Verg. A. 5, 199:

commutationes aestuum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1:

rumores,

id. ib. 2, 1:

amplexus,

Ov. M. 9, 538 al.:

compellationes,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

sonus,

oft repeated, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 81:

argumentatio,

Quint. 2, 5, 8:

supplosio pedis,

id. 11, 3, 128:

crebriores figurae,

id. 9, 2, 94:

quae apud Sallustium rare fuerunt, apud hunc crebra sunt et paene continua,

Sen. Ep. 114, 18:

crebra lumina (dicendi) et continua,

Quint. 12, 10, 46.—

Meton., of an object that is furnished with abundance, or produces something in multitudes, crowded with, abundant, abounding in:

creber harundinibus lucus,

Ov. M. 11, 190:

Africus procellis,

Verg. A. 1, 85:

Tiberis creber ac subitus incrementis,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 55.—Esp., of speech or writing:

sane in eo creber fuisti, Te noluisse, etc.,

you frequently said, Cic. Planc. 34, 83:

si mihi tantum esset otii, quantum est tibi... in scribendo multo essem crebrior quam tu,

id. Att. 1, 19, 1:

(Thucydides) ita creber est rerum frequentia, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 13, 56; id. Brut. 7, 29: quis sententiis aut acutior aut crebrior? id. ap. Suet. Caes. 55; Quint. 10, 1, 102 (cf.: densus sententiis, id. [p. 479] ib. §

68).—In Gr. constr., of the person: densis ictibus heros Creber utrāque manu pulsat versatque Dareta,

Verg. A. 5, 460:

modus (dicendi) translationibus crebrior,

Quint. 12, 10, 60.—Hence, advv.,

Most freq. in the form crēbrō, close one after another (in time or number), repeatedly, often, oftentimes, frequently, many times:

si crebro cades,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 105:

ruri esse,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 18:

mittere litteras,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 1:

tussire et exspuere,

Quint. 11, 5, 56:

personare purgatam aurem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 7 et saep.:

qui crebro Catulum, saepe me, saepissime rem publicam nominabat,

Cic. Cael. 24, 59.— Comp. crebrius:

perlucet villa crebrius quam cribrum,

i. e. with more holes, openings, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 14:

mittas litteras,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 3 fin.:

crebrius aut perfidiosius rebellantes,

Suet. Aug. 21.— Sup. creberrime (creberru-):

commemorantur a Stoicis,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 56.—

crē-bră ( acc. plur.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 159), repeatedly:

revisit ad stabulum (mater),

Lucr. 2, 359:

et pede terram Crebra ferit (equus),

Verg. G. 3, 500.—

crēbrē, closely, compactly (of place;

only in Vitr.): fundamenta aedificiorum palationibus crebre fixa,

Vitr. 2, 9, 10.— Sup.:

crates ex virgis creberrime textae,

Vitr. 10, 14, 3.—

crē-brĭter, repeatedly, frequently (in time), Vitr. 10, 13, 7; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 133 sq.

crēber, bra, brum ( sup. creberrimus;

but crebrissimus,

Gell. 2, 30, 2; cf. Rudd. I. p. 170;

and CEREBERRIMVS,

Inscr. Orell. 68), adj. [from cre-, root of cresco, Corn. Beitr. p. 356], that exists or takes place in a continuous multitude, following closely together or one after another (hence with continuus, Quint. 12, 10, 46; opp. rarus).

Thick, close, pressed together, frequent, numerous, repeated (very freq., and class.).

Of material subjects:

lucus avius, Crebro salicto oppletus,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 9; cf.

silva,

Lucr. 6, 135:

crebris arboribus succisis omnes introitus erant praeclusi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 9:

rami,

id. ib. 2, 17:

(venae et arteriae) crebrae multaeque, toto corpore intextae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138:

funale,

numerous torches, id. Sen. 13, 44:

castella,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

creberrima aedificia,

id. ib. 5, 12:

ignes quam creberrimi,

Sall. J. 106, 4; cf. id. ib. 98, 6:

vigilias ponere,

id. ib. 45, 2:

tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique,

Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.

exploratores,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tam crebri ad terram decidebant quam pira,

as thick as pears, Plaut. Poen. 2, 38; cf.

hostes,

id. Am. 1, 1, 84:

crebri cecidere caelo lapides,

Liv. 1, 31, 2; cf. sup., id. 28, 37, 7 et saep.—

Of immaterial subjects:

itiones,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 23; cf.

excursiones,

Nep. Milt. 2, 1:

ictus,

Lucr. 4, 935; Hor. C. 1, 25, 2; Suet. Calig. 30:

impetus,

Lucr. 1, 294; Sall. J. 50, 1 al.:

anhelitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 55; Verg. A. 5, 199:

commutationes aestuum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1:

rumores,

id. ib. 2, 1:

amplexus,

Ov. M. 9, 538 al.:

compellationes,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

sonus,

oft repeated, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 81:

argumentatio,

Quint. 2, 5, 8:

supplosio pedis,

id. 11, 3, 128:

crebriores figurae,

id. 9, 2, 94:

quae apud Sallustium rare fuerunt, apud hunc crebra sunt et paene continua,

Sen. Ep. 114, 18:

crebra lumina (dicendi) et continua,

Quint. 12, 10, 46.—

Meton., of an object that is furnished with abundance, or produces something in multitudes, crowded with, abundant, abounding in:

creber harundinibus lucus,

Ov. M. 11, 190:

Africus procellis,

Verg. A. 1, 85:

Tiberis creber ac subitus incrementis,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 55.—Esp., of speech or writing:

sane in eo creber fuisti, Te noluisse, etc.,

you frequently said, Cic. Planc. 34, 83:

si mihi tantum esset otii, quantum est tibi... in scribendo multo essem crebrior quam tu,

id. Att. 1, 19, 1:

(Thucydides) ita creber est rerum frequentia, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 13, 56; id. Brut. 7, 29: quis sententiis aut acutior aut crebrior? id. ap. Suet. Caes. 55; Quint. 10, 1, 102 (cf.: densus sententiis, id. [p. 479] ib. §

68).—In Gr. constr., of the person: densis ictibus heros Creber utrāque manu pulsat versatque Dareta,

Verg. A. 5, 460:

modus (dicendi) translationibus crebrior,

Quint. 12, 10, 60.—Hence, advv.,

Most freq. in the form crēbrō, close one after another (in time or number), repeatedly, often, oftentimes, frequently, many times:

si crebro cades,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 105:

ruri esse,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 18:

mittere litteras,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 1:

tussire et exspuere,

Quint. 11, 5, 56:

personare purgatam aurem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 7 et saep.:

qui crebro Catulum, saepe me, saepissime rem publicam nominabat,

Cic. Cael. 24, 59.— Comp. crebrius:

perlucet villa crebrius quam cribrum,

i. e. with more holes, openings, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 14:

mittas litteras,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 3 fin.:

crebrius aut perfidiosius rebellantes,

Suet. Aug. 21.— Sup. creberrime (creberru-):

commemorantur a Stoicis,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 56.—

crē-bră ( acc. plur.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 159), repeatedly:

revisit ad stabulum (mater),

Lucr. 2, 359:

et pede terram Crebra ferit (equus),

Verg. G. 3, 500.—

crēbrē, closely, compactly (of place;

only in Vitr.): fundamenta aedificiorum palationibus crebre fixa,

Vitr. 2, 9, 10.— Sup.:

crates ex virgis creberrime textae,

Vitr. 10, 14, 3.—

crē-brĭter, repeatedly, frequently (in time), Vitr. 10, 13, 7; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 133 sq.

dē-certo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., to go through a decisive contest, to fight it out (but certare, to fight, without reference to the result. But the difference was not strictly observed. Thus Caesar uses often —15 times— decertare, but never certare; Sallust only the latter; and Cicero the two indifferently; cf.: decerno, I. B. and no. II. inf.).

In the milit. sphere.

With abl.:

proelio decertare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 50, 4; so id. ib. 7, 77, 8; id. B. C. 1, 81, 5; 3, 37; 44; cf.:

proeliis cum acerrimis nationibus,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:

pugnā,

Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7:

cum civibus armis,

id. B. C. 3, 19;

so ferro in ultima,

Ov. M. 14, 804:

cornu cum mare (aries),

id. F. 4, 101:

manu,

Cic. Off. 1, 23 fin. —

Without abl.:

ut (Pompeium) pari condicione belli secum decertare cogeret,

Caes. B. C. 3, 78, 3;

so cum toto exercitu,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 7, 6:

iterum paratum esse decertare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 9; so absol., id. ib. 2, 10; id. B. C. 2, 6; Tac. H. 2, 33 al.; Vulg. Johan. 18, 36: de salute omnium, Auct. B. Alex. 16, 3.— Pass. impers.:

cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est,

Cic. Lael. 8 fin.; Auct. B. Alex. 16, 6; Auct. B. Afr. 19 fin. —

Poet. like certo (v. h. v, no. I. fin.) as v. a., to fill with strife or contention, to fight for, to achieve by fighting, contending:

regna profanis decertata odiis,

Stat. Th. 1, 2:

ventis decertata aequora,

id. ib. 479:

decertati labores,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 21; cf.:

Artemisia certamen laudibus ejus dicundis facit... ad eas laudes decertandas venisse dicuntur viri,

Gell. 10, 18, 5.

Beyond the milit. sphere, to contend: erat non jure, non legibus, non disceptando decertandum;

armis fuit dimicandum,

Cic. Planc. 36: decertare contentione dicendi, to contend, to strive, to vie with one, id. Phil. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

tanta contentione cum consulibus,

id. Fam. 5, 8:

and, inter se,

id. Fin. 5, 2, 5:

cum sint duo genera decertandi, unum per disceptationem, alterum per vim,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34; in the gymnasium, ludicra virginum inter se [p. 519] decertantium, Mela, 1, 7, 4.—

Poet. of inanimate subjects: Africus Decertans Aquilonibus, * Hor. Od. 1, 3, 13.

Lĭbya ( Lĭbŭa, Plaut. Curc. 3, 76), ae, and Lĭbyē, ēs, f., = Libuê, Libya, Plin. 5, 6, 6, § 39; Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

Graecus Aristippus, qui servos proicere aurum In media jussit Libya,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 100.—

Transf., Africa. —Form Libya: mundus... premitur Libyae devexus in Austros. [p. 1062] Verg. G. 1, 240; Juv. 11, 25.—Form Libye:

Libye torretur,

Sil. 1, 194:

tibi habe frumentum, O Libye, dum tubera mittas,

Juv. 5, 119.—

Hence,

Lĭbycus, a, um, adj., = Libukos, of Libya, Libyan:

fines,

Verg. A. 1, 339:

cursus,

id. ib. 6, 338:

gentes,

id. ib. 4, 320:

lapilli,

Numidian marble, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 19:

Libyca succensae lampade Cannae,

the funeral pile on which Hannibal, after the battle of Cannæ, caused the bodies of the slaughtered Romans to be burned, Luc. 7, 880:

orbes,

a table-top of citrus, Mart. 2, 43, 9: Libycus campus in agro Argeo (i. e. Argivo) appellatus, quod in eo primum fruges ex Libya allatae sunt. Quam ob causam etiam Ceres ab Argeis Libyssa vocata est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.— Plur. subst.: Lĭbyci, ōrum, m., the Libyans, Macr. S. 1, 17.—

Transf., African, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 16:

mare Libycum,

the Egyptian Sea, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

fera,

the lion, Ov. F. 5, 178:

arenae,

id. M. 4, 616:

axis,

the African sky, Afríca, Sen. Herc. Oet. 908:

uvae,

Col. 3, 2:

crines,

frizzly, woolly hair, Luc. 10, 129:

pestes,

i. e. snakes, id. 9, 805.—

Lĭbys, yos and ys, and Libs, ĭbis, adj., = Libus, Líbyan:

Libys lectulus,

of citrus, Verg. Cir. 440:

mons,

Stat. S. 4, 2, 27.—Subst.

Form Lĭbys, yos, m., a Libyan:

Africam initio habuere Gaetuli et Libyes,

Sall. J. 18 init.:

Cancro (subditus) Libys,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 24.—

Form Libs.

A Libyan, Sid. Carm. 9, 94.—

= Africus (sc. ventus), the south-west wind (acc. Liba), Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119.—

Lĭbyssus, a, um, adj., Libyan:

Libyssa arena,

Cat. 7, 3:

gens,

Sil. 8, 206:

ficus,

Col. 10, 418: Libyssa Ceres, a surname of Ceres among the Argives, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 (v. the passage under Libycus).—

Lĭbystīnus, a, um, adj., = Libustinos, Libyan:

montes Libystini,

Cat. 60, 1:

Apollo,

a name given to Apollo by the Sicilians, because he had delivered them by a pestilence from an attack of the Carthaginians, Macr. S. 1, 17.—

Lĭby-stis, ĭdis, f., = Libustis, Libyan:

Libystis ursa,

Verg. A. 5, 37.—

Lĭbyus, a, um, adj., Libyan: Libya citrus, Varr. ap. Non. 86, 10:

terra,

Libya, Tac. A. 2, 60.