-
21 reifr
a. glad, cheerful (r. við e-n).* * *adj. glad, cheerful; gladr ok reifr, Hm. 14; heima glaðr ok við gesti reifr, 102; er Guðmundr reifr við þá ok veitir þeim stórmannliga, Ísl. ii. 388; reifr gékk herr und hlífar, Edda (in a verse); bjór-r., cheerful from wine, Ls. 18; hug-r., joyful of heart, Hallfred; böð-r., gunn-r., her-r., hjaldr-r., ‘war-glad,’ Lex. Poët., a standing epithet of a warrior, which reminds of Tacitus’ ‘Germani, laeta bello gens.’ -
22 spán-nýr
adj. (spelt spánýr), [Engl. span in ‘spick and span’], span-new, very freq. in mod. usage; vín spánnýtt at drekka, fresh wine, Þiðr. 15, v. l.2. metaph. quite fresh, not exhausted, Eg. 585, Fms. viii. 405, 413; spánnýjar sakir, Ld. 144; hann strýkr af sér eitrið allt ok verðr þá spánýr eptir, Hom. (St.) -
23 strjúgr
or strúgr, m. [the Engl. stew may be the same word, dropping the r]:— a stew of meat, esp. of a coarse kind; stafkörlum strjúg skal senda, Hallgr.; beina strjúgr, bones boiled to a jelly.2. metaph. bile, fastidiousness; strúgs galli, ‘bile-destroyer,’ i. e. wine, Edda(Ht.); fæða strúg sinn heima, to nurse one’s own bile at home, Þórð. 10 new Ed. -
24 svelgr
m.1) swirl, whirlpool (var þar eptir s. í hafinu);2) swallower, spendthrift.* * *m. [Shetl. swelchie], a swirl, whirlpool, current, stream, = röst, q. v.; var þar eptir svelgr í hafinu, Edda; sem svelgr í hafi eða Sirtes aðr Scylla, Al. 50.2. esp. as a local name of the race in the Pentland Firth, Orkn. 276, Ó. H. 193, Fms. x. 145.II. metaph. a swallower, spendthrift; þú inn gráðugi svelgr, El. 95; hvel-svelgr himins, Edda (in a verse); vín-svelgr, a wine-swiller, drunkard: hræ-svelgr, carrion-devourer, Vþm. -
25 TÁR
* * *n. tear (hrundu tárin á kinnr honum); fella tár, to shed tears.* * *n., pl. tár, old pl. t́r; [Goth. tagr; A. S. teâr; Engl. tear; O. H. G. zakar; Germ. zähre; Swed. tår; Dan. taare; Lat. lacryma; Gr. δάκρυ]:—a tear, tears; móðug tár, moody tears, Gh.; fella tár, to let fall tears, Stj.; tárin hrundu, Fms. vi. 235; hrutu ór augum honum tár þau sem því vóru lík sem hagl þat er stórt er, Glúm. 342 (cp. þá fann Páll at hann leit frá, ok stökk ór andlitiuu sem haglkorn væri, Sturl. iii. 193); hvat berr nú þat við, faðir minn, er þér hrynja tár, Ld. 132: the instances of this word in the Sagas are rare, bearing out the remarks of Tacitus—lamenta et lacrymas cito, dolorem et tristitiam tarde ponunt; feminis lugere honestum est, viris meminisse, Germ. ch. 27, words which call to mind the scene in Fær. S. ch. 7—sveinarnir sátu á klettimun ok sá upp á þessi tíðendi. ok grét Þórir, en Sigmundr mælti, grátum eigi, frændi, en munum lengr; víg-tár, ‘war-tears,’ tears boding revenge, Sighvat: in poets ‘tears’ are called the brá-regn, brú-dögg, skúrir, él kinna, brá, i. e. rain, dew, shower, hail of the cheeks, brows, see Edda: gold is called Freyju-tár, i. e. tears of Freyja; ‘tears of the wound’ = blood, ‘the tears of the sky’ = rain, etc., Lex. Poët.: the mod. Dan. and Swed. usage, calling a drop of wine or spirits ‘en taare,’ god tår, is curious.COMPDS: tárblandinn, tárdöggr, tárafall, tárfella, tárfelldr, tárfelling, tármelti, tármildr, társtokkinn. -
26 UNNR
(gen. -ar, pl. -ir), f. wave.* * *old form also uðr, Lex. Poët. passim; [A. S. yð; Lat. unda]:—the waves, sea; svalar unnir, the cold waves, Vsp. 3, Gm. 7; hávar unnir, Skv. 2. 16; blár unnir, Sdm. 10; ormr knýr unnir, Vsp. 50; hregg-blásin, sviðköld uðr, Fms. i. 165, iii. 27 (in a verse), freq. in poets, also in mod. usage: poët., unn-blakkr, -dýr, -skíð, -vigg, = a ship; unn-röðull, -eldr, -fúrr, -glóð, -sól, = gold; unn-heimr, ‘wave-home,’ i. e. the sea, Lex. Poët.: in prose it is only used in unn-vörp, q. v.; unnar steinn, a sea-stone (a boulder on the beach by which the tides are noted?), Hkv. 2. 29 (an oath is sworn, at úrsvölum unnar steini); unnar hestr, a ‘wave-steed,’ i. e. a ship, Ísl. ii. (in a verse); unnar dagr, ‘wave-day,’ i. e. gold, Lex. Poët.II. one of the Nereïds or Ránar-dætr, Edda 101.2. the name of a woman, Unnr and Uðr, Landn., Ld.; and in compds, Stein-unn (Stein-uðr), Þór-unn, Ing-unn, Sæ-unn, Ljót-unn, (again, in the man’s name Auð-unn, the ‘unn’ is qs. ‘vini,’ A. S. wine): the names Unnr (Uðr) and Auðr interchange; thus is the queen Auðr djúpauðga in the Ld. called Unnr, in the Landn. Auðr. -
27 ÚLFR
(-s, -ar), m. wolf; ala e-m úlfa, to breed wolves for one, plan mischief (spyr ek þat frá, at Danir muni enn ala oss úlfa); fig. enemy.* * *m., úlf-gi, Ls. 39; [Ulf. wulfs; A. S. and Hel. wulf; Engl.-Germ. wolf; North. E. Ulf-, in pr. names, Ulpha, Ulverston; Dan.-Swed. ulv; cp. Lat. lupus and vulpes; Gr. λύκος]:—a wolf, Grág. ii. 122; lýsa þar vígi, … kallask hvárki úlfr né björn nema svá heiti hann, N. G. L. i. 6l; úlfa þytr mér þótti íllr vera hjá söngvi svana, Edda (in a verse); úlfa hús, wolf-pits, Gþl. 457: freq. in poets, where ‘to feed the wolf,’ ‘cheer the wolf’ are standing phrases, see Lex. Poët.: a warrior is hence called úlf-brynnandi, -gæðandi, -grennir, -nestir, -seðjandi, -teitir, i. e. the refresher, cheerer, … gladdener of the wolf; úlf-vín, wolf’s wine, i. e. blood, Lex. Poët.2. sayings, fæðisk úlfr í skógi, the wolf is born in the wood, Mkv.; etask af úlfs munni, and úlfar eta annars eyrindi, see eta (2. δ); eigi hygg ek okkr vera úlfa dæmi, at vér mynim sjálfir um sakask, Hðm. 30; fangs er ván at frekum úlfi, see fang (III. 4); auðþekktr er úlfr í röð; þar er mér úlfs ván er ek eyru sé’k, I know the wolf when I see the ears, Fm. 35, Finnb. 244; hafa úlf undir bægi, evidently from the fable of the wolf in sheep’s clothes; sem úlfr í sauða dyn, Sd. 164; ala e-m úlfa, to breed wolves to one, brood over evil; spyr ek þat frá, at Danir muni enn ala oss úlfa, Fms. viii. 303, Kormak; sýna úlfs ham, to appear to a person in a wolf’s skin, i. e. savagely; eigi heldr þykkisk eg honum eðr öðrum fátækum prestum þann úlfs ham sýnt hafa, at þeir megi eigi mér opinbera neyð sína, H. E. iii. 438 (in a letter of bishop Gudbrand); hafa úlfs hug við e-n, má vera at Guðrúnu þykki hann úlfs hug við okkr hafa, Fas. i. 211; skala úlf ala ungan lengi, Skv. 3. 12; annas barn er sem úlf at frjá, Mkv.; úlfr er í ungum syni, Sdm. 35: for legends of were-wolves cp. Völs. S. ch. 8.3. úlfa þytr, howling; þær báðu honum ílls á móti, var inn mesti úlfa þytr ( wailing) til þeirra at heyra, Grett. 98; finnr Sigmundr menn ok lét úlfs röddu, Fas. i. 131; úlfum líkir þykkja allir þeir sem eiga hverfan hug, Sól. 31.II. in poets, wolves are the ‘steeds’ on which witches ride through the air during the night, Edda. At nightfall wizards were supposed to change their shape, hence the nickname kveld-úlfr, evening wolf, of a were-wolf; in Icel. the fretful mood caused by sleepiness in the evening is called kveld-úlfr; thus the ditty, Kveldúlfr er kominn hér | kunnigr innan gátta | sólin líðr sýnisk mér | senn er mál að hátta, Icel. Almanack 1870; or, Kveldúlfr er kominn í kerlinguna mína, the evening wolf has entered my child, a lullaby, Sveinb. Egilsson’s Poems, cp. en dag hvern er at kveldi kom, þá görðisk hann styggr, svá at fáir menn máttu orðum við hann koma; hann var kveld-svæfr, þat var mál manna at hann væri mjök hamramr, hann var kallaðr Kveldúlfr, Eg. ch. 1. In the mythology there is the wolf Fenrir, Edda; whence Úlfs-bági, the ‘Wolf’s foe’ = Odin, Stor.; Úlfs-faðir, the Wolf’s father = Loki, Ls.: mock suns were imagined to be wolves persecuting the sun, Gm. 37; hence in popular Icel., úlfa-kreppa, u, f. ‘wolf-strait,’ when the sun is surrounded by four mock suns (sól í úlfa kreppu), Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 658.III. freq. in pr. names, Úlfr, Úlfarr, Úlf-hamr, Úlf-héðinn, Úlf-ljótr, Úlf-kell; women, Úlf-hildr, Úlf-eiðr, Úlf-rún; esp. as the latter part in men’s names, being then sounded (and often spelt) -ólfr, Ás-ólfr, Auð-ólfr, Bót-ólfr, Brynj-ólfr, Björg-ólfr, Eyj-ólfr, Grím-ólfr, Ing-ólfr, Ís-ólfr, Herj-ólfr, Þór-ólfr, Þjóð-ólfr, Stein-ólfr, Rún-ólfr, Ljót-ólfr, Örn-ólfr, Móð-úlfr, etc.: contracted are, Snjólfr = Snæ-úlfr, Hrólfr = Hróð-úlfr, Sjólfr = Sæ-úlfr, Bjólfr = Bý-úlfr = A. S. Beowulf (Bee-wolf, i. e. honey-thief, a name of the bear, from popular tales, in which the bear, being fond of honey, is made to rob hives; the name has of late been thus explained by Mr. Sweet). -
28 val-bráð
f. venison, cp. Germ. wildpret; in melta knáttú móðugr manna valbráðir, Akv. 36.2. (mod. val-brá), a livid spot on the skin, a ‘port-wine mark,’ medic. Lat. macula, Bs. i. 423 (see foot-note 10, so also vellums of Sturl. l. c.): freq. in mod. usage, e. g. hann hafði valbrá á hægri kinn: in Bs. i. l. c. as the nickname of a person so marked; this mythol. term reminds one of Hel, the northern Hecate, who is represented as black on one side, see Edda. -
29 VINR
(-ar, -ir), m. friend; í þörf skal vinar neyta, a friend in need is a friend indeed; hverr á sér vin með úvinum, every one has a friend among foes; vera e-m í vina húsi, to be one’s friend.* * *m., gen. vinar; dat. vin, Hm. 41, 42 (seldom vini); pl. vinir, acc. vini, 24 (vinu, Hkr. i. 183, in a verse, cannot be an acc. from vinr). As in sonr (q. v.) the nominative r is freq. dropped, and vinr and vin are both in old and mod. writers and speech used promiscuously: [in A. S. wine; Dan. ven; Swed. vän; vinr is ‘par excellence’ a Scandinavian word, frændi being used only in the sense of a kinsman; vinr is akin to vin, f., referring to a lost root verb vinan, van, vunun, to which also belongs the verb una, q. v.; analogous to vin and vinr are the Lat. amicus and amoenus.]B. USAGES.—A friend, prop. an ‘agreeable man;’ vin sínum skal maðr vinr vera, þeim ok þess vin, en óvinar síns skyli engi maðr, vinar vinr vera, Hm. 42; til ílls vinar, til góðs vinar, 33; með íllum vinum, 50; vápnum ok váðum skulu vinir gleðjask, 40; til góðs vinar liggja gagn-vegir þótt hann sé firr farinn, 33; ek vil vera vin þeirra, Nj. 5; Guðs vin, Blas. 49; hann var vinr Otkels, Nj. 73; hann gaf Frey vin sínum þann hest hálfan, Hrafn. 5; vinar míns, Ad. 16; tryggr vinr minn, 10; vinr þjóðans, 11; þinn vin fullkominn, Fær. 132; mesti vin beggja, Fms. i. 12; leyniligr vin, Bs. i. 760; segjanda er allt vin sínum, Eg.; era sá vinr öðrum er vilt eitt segir, Hm.; í þörf skal vinar neyta, a friend in need is a friend indeed, Fms. viii. 399; hverr á sér vin með úvinum, every man has a friend among foes, Fs. 96; en þá var sem mælt, at hverr á vin með óvimim, Ó. H. 62; missa (or sakna, Fas. ii. 179) vinar í stað, to ‘miss a friend’ = the bird is flown, Grett. 139; þegnar gripu þá í tómt þóttusk vinar missa, in a ditty; vera e-m í vinar húsi, t o 6 e one’s friend; þat mun ek kjósa, at þú sér mér í vina húsi, Sturl. i. 96; göra vina skipti, to change friends, ii. 142; Freyr lítr eigi vinar augum til þín, Fms. ii. 74; Hrungnir sér eigi vinar augum til Þórs, Edda 5; ást-vinr, lang-vinr, alda-vinr, trygg-vinr, ú-vinr (or óvinr), qq. v.: in. the saying, vera vinr vina sinna, to be the friend of one’s own friends, of one whose sympathies are narrow, with a notion of self-willed, fanciful friendship; e. g. hann er ekki allra vinr, en hann er vinr vina sinna; vinr em ek vinar míns, en geld ek þat er ílla er til mín gört, Nj. 128.COMPDS: vinaboð, vinafundr, vinastyrkr, vinavandr, vinaveizla. -
30 virtr
n. wort (in brewing).* * *n. [A. S. wyrt; Engl. wort; Ivar Aasen vyrt or vurt; Swed. vört]:—the sweet-wort, new beer, not yet fully fermented; virtr ok vín ( ale and wine) is an allit. phrase; á víni ok virtri, Sdm. 8; and so in the Faroe lays, virtur og so vin, A.A. 322. -
31 vín-belgr
m. a wine-skin, Fms. v. 137. -
32 vín-ber
n. ‘wine-berries,’ grapes, Stj. 200, Fb. i. 540, Skálda, N. T.; vínberja köngull, Þorf. Karl. 412; vínbers-blóð, the blood of the grape, Stj. -
33 vín-berill
m. a wine-barrel, Stj. 366, Fb. ii. 24, Hým. 31. -
34 vín-dropi
a, m. a drop of wine, Hb. 544. 39. -
35 vín-drukkinn
part. drunken with wine, Bret. 96, Stj. 124, 428, Post. -
36 vín-drykkja
u, f. wine-drinking, Fms. viii. 248. -
37 vín-drykkr
m. a drink of wine, Fms. viii. 124. -
38 vín-fat
n. a wine-vat, Rétt. -
39 vín-fátt
n. adj. short of wine, Ann. 1326. -
40 vín-guð
n. the wine-god (Bacchus), Al. 6.
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