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(way+something+develops)

  • 1 pattern

    'pætən
    1) (a model or guide for making something: a dress-pattern.) patrón, modelo
    2) (a repeated decoration or design on material etc: The dress is nice but I don't like the pattern.) modelo
    3) (an example suitable to be copied: the pattern of good behaviour.) patrón, modelo
    •
    1. diseño / estampado
    2. patrón
    tr['pætən]
    1 (decorative design) diseño, dibujo; (on fabric) diseño, estampado
    2 (way something develops) orden nombre masculino, estructura, pauta
    ■ a pattern began to emerge after the third murder después del tercer asesinato se empezaron a detectar ciertos rasgos en común
    3 (example, model) ejemplo, modelo
    4 (for sewing, knitting) patrón nombre masculino; (sample) muestra
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to pattern oneself on somebody imitar a alguien, seguir el ejemplo de alguien, tomar a alguien como modelo
    to pattern something on something inspirarse algo en algo, tomar algo como modelo para algo
    pattern book (of wallpaper, fabrics) muestrario, libro de muestras 2 (of dress patterns) revista de patrones
    pattern ['pæt̬ərn] vt
    1) base: basar (en un modelo)
    2)
    to pattern after : hacer imitación de
    1) model: modelo m, patrón m (de costura)
    2) design: diseño m, dibujo m, estampado m (de tela)
    3) norm, standard: pauta f, norma f, patrón m
    n.
    • calaña s.f.
    • configuración s.f.
    • dechado s.m.
    • dibujo (Contenido) s.m.
    • diseño (ARG, INF) s.m.
    • ejemplar s.m.
    • ejemplo s.m.
    • escantillón s.m.
    • forma s.f.
    • gálibo s.m.
    • modalidad s.f.
    • modelo s.m.
    • molde s.m.
    • padrón s.m.
    • patrón (Textil) s.m.
    • pauta s.f.
    • plantilla s.f.
    v.
    • modelar v.

    I 'pætərn, 'pætən
    1)
    a) ( decoration) diseño m, dibujo m; ( on fabric) diseño m, estampado m
    b) (order, arrangement)

    behavior pattern — ( Psych) patrón m conductual or de conducta

    2)
    a) ( model) modelo m
    b) ( in dressmaking) patrón m, molde m (CS)
    c) ( sample) muestra f

    II
    ['pætǝn]
    1. N
    1) (=design) dibujo m

    a fabric in or with a floral pattern — una tela con un dibujo or diseño floral

    2) (Sew, Knitting) patrón m, molde m (S. Cone)
    3) (fig) (=system, order)

    • behaviour pattern — modelo m de comportamiento

    • a healthy eating pattern — unos hábitos alimenticios sanos

    • the pattern of events — el curso de los hechos

    • to follow a pattern — seguir unas pautas

    • a system of government on the British pattern — un sistema de gobierno basado en el modelo británico

    • it set a pattern for other conferences — marcó las pautas para otros congresos, creó el modelo para otros congresos

    • sleep pattern(s) — hábitos mpl de dormir

    • weather pattern(s) — condiciones fpl meteorológicas

    • work pattern(s) — costumbres fpl de trabajo

    2. VT
    1) (=model)

    • to pattern sth after or on sth, a building patterned after a 14th century chapel — un edificio modelado sobre una capilla del siglo XIV

    action movies patterned on Rambo — películas fpl de acción que siguen el modelo de Rambo

    2) (=mark) estampar
    3.
    CPD

    pattern book N — [of wallpaper, fabrics] muestrario m ; (Sew, Knitting) libro m de patrones

    * * *

    I ['pætərn, 'pætən]
    1)
    a) ( decoration) diseño m, dibujo m; ( on fabric) diseño m, estampado m
    b) (order, arrangement)

    behavior pattern — ( Psych) patrón m conductual or de conducta

    2)
    a) ( model) modelo m
    b) ( in dressmaking) patrón m, molde m (CS)
    c) ( sample) muestra f

    II

    English-spanish dictionary > pattern

  • 2 pattern

    •• Pattern... way in which something happens, develops, is arranged, etc. (A.S. Hornby).

    •• Это одно из тех слов, с которыми мы мучаемся всю жизнь, – они постоянно ставят нас в трудное положение и приходится искать более или менее приличный выход из него. Несколько примеров, показывающих, что этот орешек нелегко расколоть даже опытному переводчику, особенно если приходится работать в цейтнотном режиме устного перевода.
    •• 1. [1996] could be a global pattern-maker (Economist);
    •• 2. The answers to 1996’s questions will produce all sorts of possible patterns (Economist);
    •• 3. The whole book forms a rich and subtle yet highly organized pattern (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary);
    •• 4. The development on earth of five or six major languages... would strike our imaginary observer as a profoundly natural, indeed inevitable pattern (G. Steiner).
    •• За исключением «технических» значений этого слова, которые нужно просто знать (например, выкройка, образец (ткани), шаблон), pattern – типичное слово с широкой семантикой. Иногда советуют «просто не переводить такие слова», ибо какое-либо реальное значение из них просто «выветрилось». Совет не такой уж плохой, хотя надо всегда помнить, что мы переводим не слова, а смыслы и их сочетания. В какой-то мере этот совет помогает найти выход из положения в примерах 3 и 4: 3. Книга отличается богатым и тонким содержанием и прекрасной организацией материала. 4. Гипотетическому наблюдателю показалось бы, что в возникновении на земле пяти-шести основных языков есть нечто вполне естественное и даже неизбежное. Но владение таким приемом все же не раскрывает «секрет» этого слова. Не слишком помогают и некоторые словари. В них мы найдем некоторый набор возможных переводов (образец, пример, шаблон, форма, модель, схема, манера, узор, рисунок и т.д. и т.п.) или довольно дробное описание «значений» этого слова (в действительности не значений, а просто вариантов словоупотребления).
    •• Мне кажется, что на самом деле значений у этого слова не так много, и главное из них прекрасно характеризуется определением из Webster’s Third New International Dictionary: a reliable sample of traits, acts, or other observable features. Еще одно полезное для переводчика определение (из Oxford American Dictionary): a way in which something develops, happens, is arranged, etc. Из этих определений выводятся и слова русского языка, которые подойдут во многих контекстах: явление, особенность(и), практика, постоянный. Например, new patterns of family life – новые явления (тенденции) в семейной жизни; patterns of behavior – особенности поведения; personality patterns – особенности (психологии) личности. В примере 3. ...предопределят самые различные явления в будущем. Разумеется, речь идет лишь о возможных переводах, а не о рецептах на все случаи жизни. Они не освобождают переводчика от необходимости думать, искать. Как говорится, «возможны варианты», иногда самые неожиданные. В примере 1 можно попробовать так: 1996 год может оказаться рубежным для всей планеты. В примере 2: Ответы на вопросы 1996 года могут породить самые различные сценарии развития событий. Трудное для перевода на английский слово закономерность может пригодиться при переводе английского pattern: In Indochina... all previous patterns of America’s involvement abroad were shattered (Henry Kissinger). – В Индокитае были опровергнуты все прежние закономерности американского участия в мировых делах. Очень важен широкий контекст. Например, в статье в журнале Business Week в предложении These patterns change only gradually слово pattern трудно перевести иначе как соотношения. (Интересный пример со словом pattern см. также во вступительном разделе – Вместо предисловия.)

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > pattern

  • 3 pattern

    явление, особенность, практика, постоянный ( эти слова подходят во многих контекстах)

    1. (1996) could be a global pattern-maker (Economist). — 1996 год может оказаться рубежным для всей планеты.

    2. The answers to 1996's questions will produce all sorts of possible patterns (Economist). — Ответы на вопросы 1996 года могут породить самые различные сценарии развития событий.

    3. The whole book forms a rich and subtle yet highly organized pattern (Webster's Third New International Dictionary) — Книга отличается богатым и тонким содержанием и прекрасной организацией материала.

    4. The development on earth of five or six major languages... would strike our imaginary observer as a profoundly natural, indeed inevitable pattern (G. Steiner). — Гипотетическому наблюдателю показалось бы, что в возникновении на земле пяти-шести основных языков есть нечто вполне естественное и даже неизбежное.

    5. Pattern - a reliable sample of traits, acts, or other observable features (Webster's Third New International Dictionary)

    Pattern - a way in which something develops, happens, is arranged, etc (Oxford American Dictionary).

    6. new patterns of family life — новые явления (тенденции) в семейной жизни

    7. In Indochina... all previous patterns of America's involvement abroad were shattered (Henry Kissinger). — В Индокитае были опровергнуты все прежние закономерности американского участия в мировых делах.

    8. These patterns change only gradually (Business Week) — В этом контексте слово "pattern" трудно перевести иначе как "соотношения".

    The English annotation is below. (English-Russian) > pattern

  • 4 Knowledge

       It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)
       It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.
       But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)
       Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).
       Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])
       Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....
       This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)
       Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)
       Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)
       "Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.
       Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge

См. также в других словарях:

  • way — [[t]we͟ɪ[/t]] ♦ ways 1) N COUNT: oft N of ing, N to inf If you refer to a way of doing something, you are referring to how you can do it, for example the action you can take or the method you can use to achieve it. Freezing isn t a bad way of… …   English dictionary

  • Something Nice Back Home — Infobox Television episode Title = Something Nice Back Home Series = Lost Caption = Kate watches Jack read Alice s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll to Aaron Season = 4 Episode = 10 Writer = Edward Kitsis Adam Horowitz Director = Stephen… …   Wikipedia

  • Cutter's Way — Theatrical poster Directed by Ivan Passer Produced by …   Wikipedia

  • direction — di|rec|tion W1S1 [dıˈrekʃən, daı ] n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(towards)¦ 2 directions 3¦(way something develops)¦ 4¦(control)¦ 5¦(where from or where to)¦ 6¦(purpose)¦ 7¦(film/play)¦ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1.) ¦(TOWARDS)¦ …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • matrix — UK US /ˈmeɪtrɪks/ noun [C] (plural matrixes or matrices) ► a group of numbers or other things arranged in a rectangle that can be used to solve a problem or measure something: »The bottom row of the matrix indicates typical lead times for… …   Financial and business terms

  • longitudinal — lon|gi|tu|di|nal [ ,landʒı tudnəl ] adjective TECHNICAL 1. ) relating to the way something develops during a period of time: a longitudinal study of one hundred children 2. ) going from the top to the bottom of something: the longitudinal axis 3 …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • pivotal — adjective 1 a pivotal event/role/moment etc an event etc that has a very important effect on the way something develops: Mandela s release was a pivotal event in South Africa s history. | The Small Business Act had a pivotal role in job creation …   Longman dictionary of contemporary English

  • shape — [[t]ʃe͟ɪp[/t]] ♦♦ shapes, shaping, shaped 1) N COUNT: oft N of n, also in N The shape of an object, a person, or an area is the appearance of their outside edges or surfaces, for example whether they are round, square, curved, or fat. Each mirror …   English dictionary

  • Aristotle’s logic and metaphysics — Alan Code PART 1: LOGICAL WORKS OVERVIEW OF ARISTOTLE’S LOGIC The Aristotelian logical works are referred to collectively using the Greek term ‘Organon’. This is a reflection of the idea that logic is a tool or instrument of, though not… …   History of philosophy

  • follow — fol|low W1S1 [ˈfɔləu US ˈfa:lou] v ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(go after)¦ 2¦(happen after)¦ 3¦(come after)¦ 4 as follows 5¦(do what somebody says)¦ 6 follow the signs/somebody s directions 7¦(do the same thing)¦ 8¦(believe in something)¦ 9¦(go in particular… …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • lead — 1 /li:d/ verb past tense and past participle led /led/ GO SOMEWHERE 1 GO IN FRONT (I, T) to go in front of a group of people or vehicles: You lead and we ll follow. | A truck with a jazz band on it was leading the parade. | a procession led by a… …   Longman dictionary of contemporary English

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