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(turnar)

  • 1 turnar

    v.
    to alternate, to go or work by turns.
    * * *
    1 to alternate
    1 to take turns
    * * *
    1.
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    turnar [A1 ]
    vt
    ( Méx) vt ( frml) to send, submit ( frml)
    turnar algo A algo/algn to send o ( frml) submit sth TO sth/sb
    ■ turnarse [A1 ]
    to take turns
    se turna con su hermana para cuidar a su madre his sister and he take turns o take it in turns to look after their mother
    nos vamos turnando we take it in turns
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    Méx [enviar] to dispatch
    * * *
    turnar vi
    : to take turns, to alternate

    Spanish-English dictionary > turnar

  • 2 alternar

    v.
    1 to alternate.
    alterna el estudio con la diversión she alternates studying with having fun
    Silvia alternó los cultivos Silvia alternated crops.
    2 to socialize.
    no suelen alternar mucho they don't usually socialize much
    Mario alternó en la fiesta Mario socialized in the party.
    3 to reciprocate, to move alternately back and forth, to swap.
    La máquina alternó el péndulo The machine reciprocated the pendulum.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to alternate
    1 (turnar) to alternate
    2 (relacionarse) to meet people, socialize ( con, with), mix ( con, with)
    3 (en salas de fiesta, bar) to entertain
    1 (turnarse) to take turns
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1.
    VT [gen] to alternate, vary; [+ cultivos] to rotate
    2. VI
    1) (=turnar) to alternate ( con with)
    (Téc) to alternate, reciprocate
    2) (=relacionarse) to mix, socialize; (=ir a bares) * to go on a pub crawl *, go boozing *

    alternar con un grupo — to mix with a group, go around with a group

    tiene pocas ganas de alternar — he doesn't want to mix, he is not inclined to be sociable

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    2.
    1) (turnar, cambiar) to alternate
    3.
    alternarse v pron to take turns
    * * *
    = socialise [socialize, -USA], alternate.
    Ex. She is married and has a family, but does not spend much time in the director's office or socialize with her.
    Ex. Chemotherapy alternates with radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced head and neck carcinoma.
    ----
    * alternar de un estado a otro = toggle.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    2.
    1) (turnar, cambiar) to alternate
    3.
    alternarse v pron to take turns
    * * *
    = socialise [socialize, -USA], alternate.

    Ex: She is married and has a family, but does not spend much time in the director's office or socialize with her.

    Ex: Chemotherapy alternates with radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced head and neck carcinoma.
    * alternar de un estado a otro = toggle.

    * * *
    alternar [A1 ]
    vt
    to alternate alternar algo CON algo:
    el relato alterna la primera persona verbal con la tercera the story alternates between the first and third person forms
    alternamos sesiones en el gimnasio con carreras de fondo we alternate sessions in the gym with long-distance runs
    hay que intentar alternar el trabajo con las diversiones you must try to alternate periods of work and leisure
    alternan la cebada con la remolacha they rotate crops of barley and beet
    ■ alternar
    vi
    A (turnar, cambiar) to alternate
    alternaba entre la euforia y momentos de desespero he alternated between euphoria and moments of despair, his mood kept changing from euphoria to despair
    alternar CON algo to alternate WITH sth
    los robles alternan con los olmos oak trees alternate with elms
    B «persona» to socialize
    no alternan mucho they don't socialize much
    alterna en círculos artísticos he moves in artistic circles
    alternar CON algn to mix WITH sb
    suele alternar con personajes famosos she often mixes with famous people
    to take turns
    se alternan para cuidarla they take turns looking after her, they take it in turns to look after her ( BrE)
    * * *

    alternar ( conjugate alternar) verbo transitivo alternar algo con algo to alternate sth with sth;

    verbo intransitivo [ persona] to socialize;
    alternar con algn to mix with sb
    alternarse verbo pronominal
    to take turns
    alternar
    I verbo transitivo to alternate
    II vi (tratarse) to meet people, socialize [con, with]: alternan con gente bien: they mix with the rich and wealthy

    ' alternar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    tratar
    English:
    alternate
    - rotate
    - socialize
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    to alternate;
    alterna los ejercicios alternate the exercises;
    alterna el estudio con la diversión she alternates studying with having fun;
    el libro alterna escenas de ternura con momentos de violencia the book alternates between scenes of violence and moments of tenderness
    ♦ vi
    1. [relacionarse] to socialize ( con with);
    no suelen alternar mucho they don't usually socialize much;
    no me gusta la gente con la que alterna I don't like the people she mixes with
    2. [sucederse]
    alternar con to alternate with;
    la estación de lluvias alterna con la estación seca the rainy season alternates with the dry season
    * * *
    I v/t alternate;
    alternar el trabajo con el descanso alternate work and relaxation
    II v/i
    1 de persona mix
    2
    :
    alternar con alternate with
    * * *
    1) : to alternate
    2) : to mix, to socialize
    : to alternate
    * * *
    1. (cambiar sucesivamente) to alternate
    2. (tener trato social) to mix / to socialize

    Spanish-English dictionary > alternar

  • 3 turno

    m.
    1 turn, go (tanda).
    cuando le llegue el turno hará como todos when it's his turn he'll do the same as everyone else
    hacer algo por turnos to take turns to do something
    2 shift.
    trabajar por turnos to work shifts
    turno de día/noche day/night shift
    tiene el turno de noche he's on the night shift, he's on nights
    de turno on duty
    el médico de turno the doctor on duty
    el gracioso de turno the inevitable smart alec
    3 open-air festival.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: turnar.
    * * *
    1 (tanda) turn, go
    ■ ¿a quién le toca el turno? who's next?
    \
    estar de turno to be on duty
    turno de día / turno de noche day shift / night shift
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) turn
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=vez) turn; [en juegos] turn, go

    por turnos — in turns, by turns

    2) [de trabajo] shift

    médico de turno — duty doctor, doctor on duty

    trabajar por turnos — to work shifts, do shiftwork

    * * *
    a) ( horario)

    turno de día/noche — day/night shift

    b) ( personas) shift

    pedir turno — (Esp) to ask who is last in the line (AmE) o (BrE) queue

    cuando te toque el turno a ti... — when your turn comes...

    * * *
    = stint, turn, shift, watch.
    Ex. Evidence for identification is rarely available, but in a few cases very full printers' records have survived in which individual stints are accounted for.
    Ex. In particular note, for example by ticking them, those terms that merit a turn in the lead position, and those that do not.
    Ex. Each library will have to determine how long the shifts at the service area will be.
    Ex. During his watch, the US economy as well as the global monetary situation have been thrown into a precarious situation.
    ----
    * comenzar el turno de trabajo = go on + duty.
    * cumplir el turno de Uno en = take + Posesivo + turn at.
    * de turno = on duty, on call.
    * en turnos = on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rotating basis, on a rota.
    * esperar el turno de Uno = wait + Posesivo + turn.
    * funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.
    * hacer turnos = work on + a rota, work on + a rota system, work + shifts.
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * organizar un sistema de turnos de + Nombre = organise + a rota of + Nombre.
    * por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.
    * sistema de turnos = rota system.
    * tener una serie de + Nombre + organizados por turnos = operate + a rota system of + Nombre.
    * terminar turno de trabajo = come off + duty.
    * toma de turnos en la conversación = turn-taking [turntaking].
    * trabajador por turnos = shift worker.
    * trabajar por turnos = work on + a rota, work on + a rota system, work + shifts.
    * trabajo por turnos = shift work.
    * turno de guardia = guard duty.
    * turno de noche = night shift [night-shift].
    * turno de preguntas = Q&A session [question and answer session].
    * turno de trabajo de atención al usuario = desk duty.
    * turnos del personal = staffing rota.
    * una serie de + Nombre + organizdos por turnos = a rota of + Nombre.
    * * *
    a) ( horario)

    turno de día/noche — day/night shift

    b) ( personas) shift

    pedir turno — (Esp) to ask who is last in the line (AmE) o (BrE) queue

    cuando te toque el turno a ti... — when your turn comes...

    * * *
    = stint, turn, shift, watch.

    Ex: Evidence for identification is rarely available, but in a few cases very full printers' records have survived in which individual stints are accounted for.

    Ex: In particular note, for example by ticking them, those terms that merit a turn in the lead position, and those that do not.
    Ex: Each library will have to determine how long the shifts at the service area will be.
    Ex: During his watch, the US economy as well as the global monetary situation have been thrown into a precarious situation.
    * comenzar el turno de trabajo = go on + duty.
    * cumplir el turno de Uno en = take + Posesivo + turn at.
    * de turno = on duty, on call.
    * en turnos = on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rotating basis, on a rota.
    * esperar el turno de Uno = wait + Posesivo + turn.
    * funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.
    * hacer turnos = work on + a rota, work on + a rota system, work + shifts.
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * organizar un sistema de turnos de + Nombre = organise + a rota of + Nombre.
    * por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.
    * sistema de turnos = rota system.
    * tener una serie de + Nombre + organizados por turnos = operate + a rota system of + Nombre.
    * terminar turno de trabajo = come off + duty.
    * toma de turnos en la conversación = turn-taking [turntaking].
    * trabajador por turnos = shift worker.
    * trabajar por turnos = work on + a rota, work on + a rota system, work + shifts.
    * trabajo por turnos = shift work.
    * turno de guardia = guard duty.
    * turno de noche = night shift [night-shift].
    * turno de preguntas = Q&A session [question and answer session].
    * turno de trabajo de atención al usuario = desk duty.
    * turnos del personal = staffing rota.
    * una serie de + Nombre + organizdos por turnos = a rota of + Nombre.

    * * *
    1
    (horario): va a la academia en el turno de (la) tarde she goes to school in the afternoons, she goes to the afternoon session at the school
    hay dos turnos: mañana y tarde there are two shifts: morning and afternoon
    la reducción de horarios no se aplicará a los que hacen turnos the reduction in hours will not apply to those who work shifts o to shift workers
    tiene turno de noche he is on night duty o on (the) night shift
    2 (personas) shift
    3
    guárdeme el turno, ahora mismo vuelvo could you keep my place in the line, I'll be right back
    ya verás cuando te toque el turno a ti you'll see when your turn comes
    espera a que te llegue el turno wait (for) your turn, wait until it's your go ( colloq)
    cuidémoslo por turnos let's take turns looking after him, let's take it in turns to look after him
    de turno of the moment
    llegó con el novio de turno she turned up with her boyfriend of the moment
    Compuestos:
    question-and-answer session
    rotating shift
    * * *

     

    Del verbo turnar: ( conjugate turnar)

    turno es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    turnó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    turno sustantivo masculino


    estar de turno to be on duty



    cuidémoslo por turnos let's take turns looking after him;
    pedir turno (Esp) to ask who is last in the line (AmE) o (BrE) queue
    turno sustantivo masculino
    1 (en una cola, un juego, etc) turn
    2 (de trabajo) shift
    ' turno' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    colarse
    - guardia
    - palabra
    - pasarse
    - tocar
    - vez
    - farmacia
    English:
    alternately
    - day shift
    - go
    - graveyard shift
    - move
    - shift
    - sitting
    - spell
    - stint
    - turn
    - wait
    - duty
    * * *
    turno nm
    1. [de trabajo] shift;
    trabajar por turnos to work shifts;
    turno de día/noche day/night shift;
    tiene el turno de noche he's on the night shift, he's on nights;
    turno partido split shift;
    de turno on duty;
    el médico de turno the doctor on duty, the duty doctor;
    el gracioso de turno the inevitable smart alec
    turno de oficio = order in which lawyers are assigned legal-aid cases
    2. [vez] turn, go;
    cuando le llegue el turno hará como todos when it's his turn he'll do the same as everyone else;
    hacer algo por turnos to take (it in) turns to do sth
    turno de preguntas question time
    3. [orden]
    hay un turno establecido para las vacaciones there's a rota for Br holidays o US vacations
    * * *
    m
    1 turn;
    por turnos in turns;
    es mi turno it’s my turn
    2 de trabajo shift;
    cambio de turno change of shift;
    trabajar por turnos work shifts;
    de turno on duty
    * * *
    turno nm
    1) : turn
    ya te tocará tu turno: you'll get your turn
    2) : shift, duty
    turno de noche: night shift
    3)
    por turno : alternately
    * * *
    1. (en una cola, lista, etc) turn
    ¡espera tu turno! wait your turn!

    Spanish-English dictionary > turno

  • 4 HNÍGA

    (hníg; hné and hneig, hnigum; hniginn), v.
    1) to fall gently, sink down (hné Guðrún höll við bólstri); h. at armi e-m, to sink into one’s arms;
    2) to flow (hnigu heilög vötn af himinfjöllum);
    3) to sink down, fall dead (= h. at velli); h. at grasi, í gras, to bite the grass;
    4) to incline, turn; eigi mátti sjá hvernig h. mundi, which way the scale would turn (in a battle);
    5) h. til e-s, to turn towards (var jafnan þeirra hlutr betri, er til hans hnigu); h. til liðs, hjálpar við e-n, to side with one pp., hniginn, advanced (stricken) in years, = h. á aldr, h. at aldri; of a door, shut; var hurð hnigin, the door was down; hurð hnigin á hálfa gátt, á miðjan klofa, half shut, half down.
    * * *
    pres. hníg; pret. hné, hnétt, hné, pl. hnigu; sing. hneig is very rare in old vellum, e. g. Sks. 112, Fms. vi. 280, viii. 21, Mork. 60, Fb. i. 106, Ó. H. 89, else always hné, as also in mod. poets—Jesú blóð hér til jarða hné | jörðin aptur svo blessuð sé, Pass. 3. 10; part. hniginn: with neg. suff., pret. hnék-at, Og. 11; pres. hnígr-a, Hm. 159, Eg. (in a verse); [Ulf. hneivan = κλίνειν, Luke ix. 12; A. S. hnîgan, pret. hnâh; O. H. G. hnîgan; cp. hneig-ja]:—to bow down, sink, fall gently; of a stream, the sun, a felled tree, a dying man, etc., heilög vötn hnigu af fjöllum, Hkv. 1. 1; fóru þar til er vötn hnigu til vestr-ættar af fjöllum, Orkn. 4; tré tekr at hníga ef höggr tág undan, Am. 56: to sink, fall dead, h. at velli, Hkv. 2. 8; Baldr er hné við bana-þúfu, Hdl.; Hamðir hné at húsbaki, Hðm. 32; hnígra sá halr fyrir hjörum, Hm. 159, Skm. 25, Hkm., Nj. 191; hniginn fyrir oddum, Darr.; hniginn í hadd jarðar, Bm.; hné hans um dólgr til hluta tveggja, hendr ok höfuð hné á annan veg, Skv. 3. 23; ok kvað annan-hvárn verða at h. fyrir öðrum, Ísl. ii. 263; sinn veg hné hvárr þeirra af húsmæninum, 195; síðan hné hann aptr ok var þá dauðr, Ó. H. 223; þá hné (hneig Ed.) hann á bak aptr ok var þá andaðr, Lv. 70; Hjálmarr hnígr at (þúfunni) upp, Fas. ii. 216; þá hné hann aptr ok sprakk af harmi, i. 357 (Fb. i. 106); hné margr maðr fyrir honum ok lét sitt líf, Fb. i. 193: the phrase, hníga at velli, h. í gras, h. at grasi, to sink to the ground, bite the grass, Hkv. 2. 8; áðr en ek hníga í gras, Ísl. ii. 366; mann mun ek hafa fyrir mik áðr ek hníg at grasi, Njarð. 378; mannfólkit greipsk í bráða-sótt, svá at innan fárra nátta hnigu ( died) sjau menn, Bs. ii. 35; Einarr sat svá at hann hneig upp at dýnunum, ok var þá sofnaðr, Fms. vi. 280, (hneg, Mork. 60, l. c.); hann hné niðr höfði sínu, he drooped with his head, Karl. 489; þá hné Guðrún höll við bólstri, G. sank back in the bed, Gkv. 1. 15.
    2. poët.,
    α. of ships, to rise and fall, toss on the waves; skip hnigu um lög, Lex. Poët., Fms. vi. (in a verse).
    β. hníga at rúnum, Gkv. 3. 4; h. at armi e-m, to sink into his arms, Hkv. 2. 23.
    3. with prepp.; h. til e-s, to swerve towards; þeim er hníga vilja til hans vináttu, Fms. viii. 239; sá er yður þjónosta hneig til, whom you served, 21; var jafnan þeirra hlutr betri er til hans hnigu, 47, vi. 414; ok því á hann heldr til vár at hníga en yðar, Stj. 540; allir konungar þeirra landa hnigu undir hans vald, 560: to bow down, pay homage to another, allir menn er þar vóru hnigu þeim manni, Eb. 330; Emundr gekk fyrir hann ok hneig honum ok kvaddi hann, Ó. H. 85; hinir hæstu turnar hafa nú numit honum at hníga, Al. 90; hann hnígr ( yields) eigi fyrir blíðu né stríðu, 625. 95.
    II. metaph., h. til liðs, hjálpar við e-n, to side with one; þessir hnigu allir til liðs við Karl inn Rauða, Lv. 137; hnékat ek af því til hjálpar þér, Og. 11; hneig mikill fjölði engla til hans, Sks. 112 new Ed.: to incline, turn, of a scale in the balance, þá hnígr mannfallit í þeirra lið, of a battle, Al. 134; ok var þat lengi at eigi mátti sjá hvernig hníga myndi, which way the scale would turn (in a battle), Orkn. 70, 148; hnígr nú sýnt á Frankismenn, the day turns visibly against the F., Karl. 193.
    III. part. act., at hníganda degi, at the fall of day, Sks. 40; vera hnígandi, to be failing, on the decline, Karl. 162; með hníganda yfirbragði, with a falling, drooping face, 542.
    2. pass. hniginn, stricken in years; Þorsteinn var þá hniginn, Ld. 24; mjök h., well stricken in years, Fms. ix. 501; hann görðisk þá heldr hniginn at aldri, Eg. 187; hniginn á aldr, id., Orkn. 216, 346; h. í efra aldr, Fb. i. 346.
    β. of a door, shut; the word hnigin shews that in olden times the door was shut up and down, as windows at the present time, and not moved on hinges; var hurð hnigin, Rm. 23; hnigin á gátt, sunk in the groove, Gísl. 16; h. á hálfa gátt, half shut, half down the groove; hurð h. á miðjan klofa, id., Fms. iii. 74; h. eigi allt í klofa, 125; hnigin er helgrind, Fas. i. (in a verse).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HNÍGA

  • 5 NEMA

    * * *
    I)
    conj.
    1) except, save, but;
    þoriga ek segja nema þér einum, I dare not tell any one save thee alone;
    engi … nema, no … but, no (not any) other than (Grani vildi undir øngum manni ganga nema Sigurði);
    2) with subj. unless;
    engir þóttu lögligir dómar dœmdir, nema hann væri við, unless he had a hand in them;
    nema ek hálsaða herjans stilli einu sinni, save that I once fell on the king’s neck;
    4) veit ek eigi nema, hverr veit nema, I don’t know, (who knows) but that;
    may be, perhaps (hverr veit nema ek verða víða frægr um síðir);
    5) því at eins, nema, only in the case, if;
    ráðit þér því at eins á þá nema þér séð allir sem øruggastir, do not attack them unless you are all most steadfast and dauntless;
    6) nema heldr, but rather (eigi má þat menn kalla, nema heldr hunda);
    7) nor, = né, hvárki sverð nema øxi, neither sword nor axe.
    (nem; nam, námum; numinn), v.
    1) to take, take in use, take possession of (ef þú nemr þér jörð á Íslandi);
    nema land, to take possession of land, as a settler (hann nam Eyjafjörð allan);
    nema konu, to carry off, abduct a woman;
    nema stað or staðar, stop, halt (hér munum vér stað or staðar nema);
    nema yndi, to find rest in a place (hvárki nam hann yndi á Íslandi né í Noregi);
    2) nema e-n e-u, to bereave one of a thing (nema e-n höfði, aldri, fjörvi);
    3) to reach, touch (pilzit var svá sítt, at nam hæl);
    hvárt nam þik eða eigi, did it touch thee or not? þótt þik nótt um nemi, though the night overtake thee;
    4) to amount to, be equivalent to (honum þótti landauðn nema);
    5) as an auxiliary verb, with infin.;
    hann nam at vaxa ok vel dafna, he grew apace and throve well;
    inn nam at ganga, he stepped in;
    6) to percieve, catch, hear, of sound;
    varð þá svá mikit úhljóð, at engi nam annars mál, that no one could hear the other’s voice;
    eigi skulu vér þat mál svá nema, we shall not understand it so;
    7) to learn (nema lög, fjölkyngi);
    to learn by heart (vísur þessar námu margir);
    nema e-t at (or af) e-m, to learn, get information, about a thing from one (Glúmr hafði numit þenna atburð at þeim manni, er hét Arnór);
    8) with preps. and advs.:
    nema e-t af, to abolish (var sú heiðni af numin sem önnur);
    nema brott konu, to carry off a woman;
    nema eptir e-u, to imitate;
    nema e-t frá, to except (nema konur eða þeir menn, er hann næmi frá);
    nema e-t upp, to pick up (nam ek upp rúnar);
    nema við, to resist, make a stand (hann vill enn við nema, þótt liðsmunr væri mikill);
    to stop, halt (þar námu þeir Hrafn við í nesinu);
    nema við e-u, to touch (gaddhjaltit nam við borðinu);
    to be a hindrance to (ef þat nemr við förinni, at þú þykkist hafa fé of lítit);
    impers., nemr við e-u, there is an obstacle, or stop (en er þeir kómu at kirkjudurum, þá nam þar við);
    9) refl., nemast e-t, to refuse, withhold from doing;
    nemast förina, to refuse to go;
    nemast orðsendingar hans, to disregard his messages;
    also with infin. (hann bað hann eigi nemast með öllu at gøra sem bœndr vildu).
    * * *
    1.
    conj. [compounded of the negative particle ne, and the adverb if or ef (q. v.) in an older dissyllabic form ifa; for the change of f into m see the introduction; cp. Ulf. nibai; A. S. nemne, nimne; O. H. G. nibu, nibi, nubi; Hel. nebu; early Swed. num; cp. Lat. ni-si, see Grimm’s Gramm. iii. 724.]
    B. Except, save, but; manngi, nema einn Agnarr, Gm. 2; nema þér einum, Vkv. 24; allra nema einna, 26, Ls. 11; nema við þat lík at lifa, Hm. 96; nema sá einn Áss, Ls. 11; hvar kómu feðr várir þess, … hvar nema alls hvergi? Ísl. ii. 236; öngu nema lífinu, Nj. 7; öllu gózi nema búinu, Fms. ix. 470; engi nema þú einn, Barl. 207; engi nema Bergþórr, Fms. vii. 141; kom viðrinn á kirkju-sand, nema tvau tré kómu á Raufarnes, save that two trees came to R., Landn. 51, v. l.; Ólafr hafði mörg sár ok flest smá, nema tvau vóru nökkvi mest, Fb. i. 501; nema ek hélt, Óg. 23; þeir blandask eyvitar við aðra ísa nema sér einum heldr hann, Sks. 176 B; vætki of sýti’k nema hræðumk helvíti, Hallfred; lét Koðran skíra sik ok hjú hans öll, nema Ormr vildi eigi við trú taka, Bs. i. 5.
    II. with subj. unless; aldrei, nema okkr væri báðum borit, Ls 9; nema þú hánum vísir … eða mey nemir, Hkv. 1. 19; nema ek dauðr sjá’k, 20; nema geðs viti, Hm. 19; nema hann mæli til mart, 26; nema haldendr eigi, 28; nema til kynnis komi, 32; nema reisi niðr at nið, 71; nema einir viti, 97; nema ek þik hafa, Hkv. Hjörv. 7; nema sjálfr ali, Stor. 16; nema þeir felldi hann, Edda 36; öngir þóttu lögligir dómar nema hann væri í, Nj. 1; nema maðr verði sjúkr eða sárr, Grág. i. 141; nema lands-fólkit kristnaðisk, Hkr. i. 248; nema mér banni hel, Fb. ii. 59; hann heyrði eigi nema æpt væri at honum, Fms. iv. 204, and in countless instances in old and mod. usage.
    2. in phrases such as ‘veit ek eigi nema …,’ like Lat. nescio an, implying an affirmation; þú veizt eigi nema sá verði fégjarn, Sks. 28; nú veit ek eigi nema nökkurr verði virðing af at hafa þessu máli, Band. 34 new Ed.; hverr veit nema ek verða víða frægr um síðir, who can tell but that I shall be a widely known man some day? Fms. vi. (in a verse); nú veit ek eigi nema yðr þykki minna vega mín reiði en Sigurðar konungs, now know I not if, vii. 141; eigi veit ek nema þetta væri ráðligt, en eigi má ek þat vita …, viii. 95:—with indic., kveðkat ek dul nema hún hefir, there is no doubt but that she has, Ýt. 7; hver sé if nema rögn stýra, who can doubt that? Vellekla.
    III. irreg. usages; ef nokkurr maðr ferr á jörðu, nema (in the case that, supposing that) sá vili á búa, sem fé á í jörðu, þá rænir sá hann, Gþl. 357: því at eins, nema, only in that case, if ( but not else); ráðit þér því at eins á þá nema pér sét allir sem öruggastir, only in the case if, i. e. do not attack them unless, Nj. 228; því at eins mun hann sættask vilja, nema hann gjaldi ekki, 254; skal hann því at eins í braut hafa þann hval, nema hann láti bera vitni, Jb. 326: þat man því at eins, nema ek nái ráða-hag við Melkorku, Ld. 70; því at eins ferjanda, nema fjörbaugr komi fram, Nj. 240; oss þykkir þú því at eins veita skylda þjónustu konungi, nema þú leggir af tignar-klæðin, Fms. ix. 432.
    2. nema heldr, but rather; eigi má þat menn kalla, nema heldr hunda, not men, but rather dogs, Bær. 9; sver ek eigi at eins fyrir mik, nema heldr fyrir allra þeirra sálir, Gþl. 69; hón hafði eigi hreinlífi at eins, nema heldr ok alla gæzku, Hom. 128; nema enn, but on the contrary; at glæpask eigi lengr í félags-skap við Philistim, nema enn skulu þér …, Stj. 412, 428, 442: eigi at eins óttaðisk hann um sjálfs síns líf, nema jamvel um alla aðra sína frændr, but also, Barl. 73: fyrr nema = fyrr enn, fyrr skal dólga dynr, nema ek dauðr sják (= fyrr en ek sé dauðr), Hkv. 1. 20:—hefi ek vist sét þat gull, at öngum mun er verra, nema betra sé, which is not worse, if it is not even better, Fb. i. 348.
    2.
    pres. nem; pret. nam, namt, nam, pl. námu; subj. næmi; part. numinn, older nominn, N. G. L. i. 200, Hom. 100; with neg., suff. nam-a, Hkv. 2. 15; a pret. numdi in mod. usage, formed from the part. numinn, as if from a verb nymja; örvaðist geð á allan hátt er eg numdi sjónum föður-landið heldr hátt hafít upp úr sjónum, Eggert: [Ulf. niman = λαμβάνειν; A. S. neman; Germ. nehmen; freq. in Early Engl.; in mod. Engl., where it is superseded by the Scandin. taka, it survives in nimble and numb = A. S. be-numen = lcel. numinn.]
    A. To take; the use of the word in this, its proper sense, is limited, for taka (q. v.) is the general word, whereas nema remains in special usages; nema upp, to pick up, Hm. 140; nema e-n ór nauðum, Fsm.; þar er gull numit upp í söndum, Rb. 350; at hann nemr hann ór kviðnum, ok kveða á hvert hann nemr hann ór sínu órnámi, eða annars manns, Grág. i. 51; reifa mál þeirra er ór dóminum eru numnir, 79; hann á kost at nema þá upp alla senn, 51:—nema af, to abolish; þessi heiðni var af numin á fára vetra fresti, Nj. 165, Íb. 4:—nema frá, to except; nema konur eða þeir menn er hann næmi frá, 5; á þeim tíðum er uú eru frá numnar, Grág. i. 325:—upp numinn, taken up into heaven; Enoch var upp numinn, Stj. 41.
    2. to take by force, seize upon; þá menn er konu hafa numit ( carried off), Grág. i. 354; hann nam sér konu af Grikklandi, Rb. 404; Jupiter þá er hann nam Europam, 732. 17; Björn nam Þóru á brott, Eg. 155; ek nam konu þessa er hér er hjá mér, Nj. 131; hann segir hann hafa numit sik í burt af Grænlandi undan Sólar-fjöllum, Bárð. 32 new Ed.: nema nes-nám, Danir ok Svíar herjuðu mjök í Vestr-víking ok kómu þá opt í Eyjarnar er þeir fóru vestr eða vestan, ok námu þar nesnám, Fms. iv. 229, (see nesnám, landnám):—in a lawful sense, nema land, to take possession of a land, as a settler (landnám II); hann nam Eyjafjörð allan.
    3. nema e-n e-u, to bereave one of a thing; nema e-n höfði, aldri, fjörvi, Gkv. 2. 31, 42; verða ek á fitjum þeim er mik Niðaðar námu rekkar, Vkv.; hví namtú hann sigri þá? Em. 6; sigri numnir, Fms. xi. 306 (in a verse); numinn máli, bereft of speech, Geisli 34; fjörvi numna, life-bereft, Eb. (in a verse); hann lá þar lami ok öllu megni numinn, Hom. 116; þar til er lands-menn námu þá ráðum, used force, coerced them, Bs. i. 24; ríkir menn verða þá ráðum nomnir, Hom. 100; ef hann vill eigi nema trúa því, if he will not believe it, N. G. L. i. 88.
    4. to reach, touch, hit; í hvítu pilzi, þat var svá sítt at þat nam hæl, Fas. ii. 343; nema hjöltin við neðra gómi, Edda 20; allir þeir sem oddrinn nam, Skíða R. 183; hvárt nam þik eðr eigi! Nj. 97; ok nema hann þar nauðsynjar, at hann má eigi lík færa, and if he is held back by necessity, N. G. L. i. 14, K. Á. 70; þótt þik nótt um nemi, if the night overtake thee, Sdm. 26: hence the saying, láta þar nótt sem nemr, to leave it to the night as it takes one = to take no care of the morrow:—nema stað, to take up one’s position, halt, Nj. 133, 197, Fms. i. 167, vii. 68, Eg. 237.
    5. spec. phrases; Kolskeggr nam þar eigi yndi, Nj. 121; ef hann vildi þar staðfestask ok nema yndi, Fms. i. 103:—nema staðar = nema stað, Nj. 54, 205, 265, Ld. 104, Stj. 486, Fms. i. 206: of a weapon, hefi ek þat sverð er hvergi nemr í höggi stað, I have so keen a sword that it never stops in its stroke, i. e. it cuts clean through anything, Fas. ii. 535; oddrinn nam í brynjunni staðar, Al. 76; svá at staðar nam (naf Cod. Reg.) höndin við sporðinn, Edda 40; nema hvíld, to take rest, Alm. 1; nema veiðar, to take the prey, to hunt, Hým. 1.
    6. to amount to, be equivalent to; ef eigi nemr kúgildi, Grág. ii. 233; honum þótti landauðn nema, Íb. 4; það nemr öngu, litlu, miklu, it is of no, of small, of great importance; bríkr þær er greyping hefir numit, Gþl. 345.
    7. nema við, to strike against so as to stop, come no further; nam þar við ok gékk eigi lengra, Fms. xi. 278; en gadd-hjaltið nam við borðinu, Eb. 36.
    8. metaph. to stop, halt; hér munu vér við nema, Finnb. 236; þar námu þeir Hrafn við í nesinu, Ísl. ii. 266; hann býsk við, ok vill enn við nema, þótt liðs-munr væri mikill, Bjarn. 54; konungr verðr glaðr við er hann skal fyrir hafa funnit þá menn er eigi spara viðr at nema, Al. 46; en ef þat nemr við förinni, at þú þykisk hafa fé oflítið, þá …, Ld. 70; er þat úvizka at bera eigi slíkt, ok mun þat eigi við nema, Glúm. 327; at konungr mundi fátt láta við nema, at sættir tækisk, i. e. that he would do anything for the sake of peace, Eg. 210.
    II. as an auxiliary verb, emphatic, like Engl. do, did, with infin.; Höðr nam skjóta (H. did shoot) … sá nam einnættr vega, Vsp. 37; þá nam at vaxa, Hkv. 1. 9; hann nam at vaxa (he ‘took to growing’) ok vel dafna, Rm. 19; inn nam at ganga, 2; lind nam at skelfa, 9, 35; nam hón sér Högna heita at rúnum, Skv. 3. 14; róa námu ríki, they did row mightily, Am. 35; nam hann vittugri valgaldr kveða, Vtkv. 4; nama Högna mær of hug mæla, Hkv. 2. 15; þat nam at mæla, Og. 9: seldom in prose, ek nam eigi trúa á þat er hann sagði, Post.; Falka hestr Þiðreks nemr þetta at sjá, Þiðr. 117.
    B. Metaph. to take in a mental sense or by the senses, to perceive, like Lat. apprehendere, comprehendere, freq. in old and mod. usage:
    I. to perceive, catch, hear, of sound; en svá mikill ákafi var at hvassleik veðrsins þá er konungr tók at mæla, at varla námu þeir er næstir vóru, Fms. viii. 55; sem þeir vóru langt brottu komnir, svá at þó mátti nema kail milli þeirra ok manna Saul, Stj. 486; þeir skulu svá nær sitjask, at hvárirtveggju nemi orð annarra, Grág. i. 69; engi nam mál annars, Nj. 164; mál nam í milli þeirra, Fms. v. 31; eigi skulu vér þat mál svá nema, we shall not understand it so, Hom. 156.
    II. to learn; klök nam fugla, Rm.; hann hafði numit svá lög, at hann var enn þriðr mestr laga-maðr á Íslandi, Nj. 164; inir hæstu turnar hafa numit honum at hníga, Al. 90; nú var Þórir þar ok nam þar fjölkyngi, Fb. iii. 245; Óðinn var göfgastr, ok at honum námu þeir allir íþróttirnar, Hkr. i; nema nám, to take in, acquire learning, Bs. i. 92, 127; see nám:—to ‘catch,’ learn by heart, þær kváðu vísur þessar en hann nam, Nj. 275; vísur þessar námu menn þegar, Ó. H. 207; en hinn nemi, er heyrir á, Darrl.; Þórdís nam þegar vísuna, Gísl. 33:—to learn from, þvar namtu þessi hnæfilegu orð? nam ek at mönnum …, Hbl.; nema ráð, Hm.; menn nemi mál mín ! Ó. H. (in a verse):—nema e-t at e-m, to learn something, derive information from one, ek hefi hér verit at nema kunnustu at Finnum, Fms. i. 8; hann nam lögspeki at Þorsteini, Ísl. ii. 205; hann nam kunnáttu at Geirríði, Eb. 44; Glúmr hafði numit þenna atburð at þeim manni er hét Arnórr, Fms. i. 266; en Oddr nam at Þorgeiri afráðs-koll …, Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði Snorra dóttur Goða … hann hafði numit af gömlum mönnum ok vitrum, … eptir því sem vér höfum numit af fróðum mönnum, … þótt hverr maðr hafi síðan numit at öðrum, … ok hafa menn síðan at þeim numit, Ó. H. (pref.); nemi þér af mér, Fms. viii. 55.
    C. Reflex., prop. to take, seize for oneself:
    1. to take by force; ef maðr nemsk konu, ok samþykkjask þau síðan, þá …, H. E. i. 247.
    β. to stop; ok hafða ek þat sverð, sem aldri hefir í höggi stað numisk (= numit), Fas. ii. 208; friðr namsk, ceased.
    γ. to refuse, withhold from doing; hann bað hann eigi nemask með öllu at göra sem bændr vildu, Hkr. i. 142; hverr bóndi er þat nemsk ( who makes default), gjaldi …, K. Á. 40; þar var kominn fjöldi liðs ór Austr-löndum til móts við hann, ok námusk förina ( refused to go) ef hann kæmi eigi, Fb. ii. 71; en ef maðr nemsk leiðangrs-görð, eðr leiðangrs-ferð, þá hafi ármaðr sótt þat fyrr en skip komi á hlunn, … at hann hafi leiðangr görvan ok eigi fyrir nomisk, N. G. L. i. 200; en þó vil ek eigi fyrir minn dauða at nemask ( disregard) hans orðsendingar, O. H. L. 29.
    2. to learn; láttú nemask þat, learn, take heed that, Skv. 1, passim; eptir þetta nemask af aptrgöngur hans, Ld. 54.
    II. part. numinn, as adj. numb, seized, palsied; hann var allr numinn öðrum megin, ok mátti eigi mæla hálfum munni, Ann.; þá varð ek sem ek væra numinn, Mar.; vera frá sér numinn, to be beside oneself, from joy, astonishment, or the like, cp. the references above (A. 3).

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