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1 Parsons, Sir Charles Algernon
[br]b. 13 June 1854 London, Englandd. 11 February 1931 on board Duchess of Richmond, Kingston, Jamaica[br]English eingineer, inventor of the steam turbine and developer of the high-speed electric generator.[br]The youngest son of the Earl of Rosse, he came from a family well known in scientific circles, the six boys growing up in an intellectual atmosphere at Birr Castle, the ancestral home in Ireland, where a forge and large workshop were available to them. Charles, like his brothers, did not go to school but was educated by private tutors of the character of Sir Robert Ball, this type of education being interspersed with overseas holiday trips to France, Holland, Belgium and Spain in the family yacht. In 1871, at the age of 17, he went to Trinity College, Dublin, and after two years he went on to St John's College, Cambridge. This was before the Engineering School had opened, and Parsons studied mechanics and mathematics.In 1877 he was apprenticed to W.G.Armstrong \& Co. of Elswick, where he stayed for four years, developing an epicycloidal engine that he had designed while at Cambridge. He then moved to Kitson \& Co. of Leeds, where he went half shares in a small experimental shop working on rocket propulsion for torpedoes.In 1887 he married Katherine Bethell, who contracted rheumatic fever from early-morning outdoor vigils with her husband to watch his torpedo experiments while on their honeymoon! He then moved to a partnership in Clarke, Chapman \& Co. at Gateshead. There he joined the electrical department, initially working on the development of a small, steam-driven marine lighting set. This involved the development of either a low-speed dynamo, for direct coupling to a reciprocating engine, or a high-speed engine, and it was this requirement that started Parsons on the track of the steam turbine. This entailed many problems such as the running of shafts at speeds of up to 40,000 rpm and the design of a DC generator for 18,000 rpm. He took out patents for both the turbine and the generator on 23 April 1884. In 1888 he dissolved his partnership with Clarke, Chapman \& Co. to set up his own firm in Newcastle, leaving his patents with the company's owners. This denied him the use of the axial-flow turbine, so Parsons then designed a radial-flow layout; he later bought back his patents from Clarke, Chapman \& Co. His original patent had included the use of the steam turbine as a means of marine propulsion, and Parsons now set about realizing this possibility. He experimented with 2 ft (61 cm) and 6 ft (183 cm) long models, towed with a fishing line or, later, driven by a twisted rubber cord, through a single-reduction set of spiral gearing.The first trials of the Turbinia took place in 1894 but were disappointing due to cavitation, a little-understood phenomenon at the time. He used an axial-flow turbine of 2,000 shp running at 2,000 rpm. His work resulted in a far greater understanding of the phenomenon of cavitation than had hitherto existed. Land turbines of up to 350 kW (470 hp) had meanwhile been built. Experiments with the Turbinia culminated in a demonstration which took place at the great Naval Review of 1897 at Spithead, held to celebrate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. Here, the little Turbinia darted in and out of the lines of heavy warships and destroyers, attaining the unheard of speed of 34.5 knots. The following year the Admiralty placed their first order for a turbine-driven ship, and passenger vessels started operation soon after, the first in 1901. By 1906 the Admiralty had moved over to use turbines exclusively. These early turbines had almost all been direct-coupled to the ship's propeller shaft. For optimum performance of both turbine and propeller, Parsons realized that some form of reduction gearing was necessary, which would have to be extremely accurate because of the speeds involved. Parsons's Creep Mechanism of 1912 ensured that any errors in the master wheel would be distributed evenly around the wheel being cut.Parsons was also involved in optical work and had a controlling interest in the firm of Ross Ltd of London and, later, in Sir Howard Grubb \& Sons. He he was an enlightened employer, originating share schemes and other benefits for his employees.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted. Order of Merit 1927.Further ReadingA.T.Bowden, 1966, "Charles Parsons: Purveyor of power", in E.G.Semler (ed.), The Great Masters. Engineering Heritage, Vol. II, London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers/Heinemann.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Parsons, Sir Charles Algernon
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2 ruuvivoimansiirto
technology• screw geartechnology• spiral-gearing -
3 engrenage
engrenage [ɑ̃gʀənaʒ]masculine noungears ; [d'événements] chain• l'engrenage de la violence/de la drogue the spiral of violence/drug-taking* * *ɑ̃gʀənaʒnom masculin1) ( mécanique) gears (pl)2) fig (de violence, difficultés) spiral* * *ɑ̃ɡʀənaʒ nm1) (mécanisme) gears pl gearing2) fig* * *engrenage nm1 Mécan gears (pl); l'engrenage ne fonctionne plus the gears aren't working any more; engrenage cylindrique/hélicoïdal/conique/à vis sans fin epicyclic/helical/bevel/worm gear; l'étude des engrenages the study of gearing;2 fig (de violence, difficultés) spiral; mettre le doigt dans l'engrenage (de qch), être pris dans l'engrenage (de qch) to get caught up in a spiral (of sth).[ɑ̃grənaʒ] nom masculinles engrenages d'une machine the wheelwork ou train of gears ou gearing of a machine -
4 ingranaggio
"gear;Zahnrad;engrenage;engranaje;engrenagem"* * *m (pl -ggi) gearfig machine* * *ingranaggio s.m.1 (mecc.) gear: ingranaggio accoppiato, mating gear; ingranaggio conduttore, driving (o drive) gear; ingranaggi del cambio, del differenziale, change, differential gears; ingranaggio della prima (velocità), low gear; ingranaggio della quarta (velocità), high gear; ingranaggio della retromarcia, reverse gear; ingranaggio della seconda (velocità), second gear; ingranaggio della terza (velocità), third gear; ingranaggio dello sterzo, steering gear; ingranaggio elicoidale, helical gear; ingranaggio fisso, fixed gear; ingranaggio folle, idle gear (o neutral); ingranaggio riduttore, reducing gear; dente di ingranaggio, gear tooth; riduttore a ingranaggi, reduction gear; senza ingranaggi, gearless; sistema di ingranaggi, gearing2 (ruota dentata) cogwheel: gli ingranaggi di un orologio, the cogwheels of a clock; ingranaggio per catena, sprocket wheel3 (fig.) mechanism, workings (pl.), system: l'ingranaggio della vita politica, the workings of political life; conosce gli ingranaggi della burocrazia, he knows the workings of bureaucracy; essere preso nell'ingranaggio del lavoro, to be caught up in the job.* * *1) mecc. gears pl., guts pl.sistema di -gi — gearing, train of gears
2) fig. mechanism, workings pl.essere preso nell'ingranaggio di qcs. — to get caught up in a spiral of sth
* * *ingranaggiopl. -gi /ingra'naddʒo, dʒi/sostantivo m.1 mecc. gears pl., guts pl.; sistema di -gi gearing, train of gears2 fig. mechanism, workings pl.; essere preso nell'ingranaggio di qcs. to get caught up in a spiral of sth. -
5 винтовая зубчатая передача
1) Aviation: screw gear2) Engineering: crossed-axis helical gear, crossed-axis helical gearing, crossed-axis hypoid gearing, helical gear, skew gearing3) Automobile industry: spiral gear4) Automation: crossed helical-gear trainУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > винтовая зубчатая передача
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6 винтовая передача
1) General subject: screw-gear2) Naval: screw gearing3) Engineering: crossed-axis helical gear (зубчатая), crossed-axis helical gearing (зубчатая), spiral gear (зубчатая)4) Railway term: skew gear5) Automobile industry: screw drive, screw gear6) Oil: SG (screw-gear)7) Automation: nonthroated crossed-helical wormgear, screw-type gear -
7 червячная передача
1) General subject: screw-gear2) Naval: wheel gearing3) Engineering: worm gear drive, worm gears, worm-gear4) Automobile industry: worm and gear, worm and wheel, worm and worm-wheel, worm and wormwheel, worm gear, worm gearing5) Mining: worm-wheel drive6) Textile: worm7) Oil: SG (screw gear), screw gear, spiral gear8) Mechanic engineering: worm wheel drive9) Mechanics: worm-gear drive10) Polymers: worm drive11) Automation: single-enveloping wormgear drive, worm gear set, wormgear, wormgear drive12) Robots: worm-gear drillУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > червячная передача
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8 передача
ж.drive; transmission; ( зубчатая) gear(ing)- бортовая передача
- вторая передача
- высшая передача
- гидравлическая передача
- гидрообъёмная передача
- гипоидная главная передача
- гипоидная передача
- главная двойная передача
- главная двухскоростная передача
- главная одинарная передача
- главная передача
- главная разнесённая передача
- зубчатая передача
- зубчатая цилиндрическая передача
- карданная передача
- колёсная передача
- коническая зубчатая передача
- непрямая передача
- низшая передача
- первая передача
- передача заднего хода
- передача на задние ведущие колёса
- передача на передние ведущие колёса
- передача от полуоси к колесу
- планетарная зубчатая передача
- планетарная передача
- повышающая передача
- понижающая передача
- поперечная передача
- промежуточная передача
- проходная передача
- прямая передача
- реечная передача
- ремённая передача
- силовая передача
- третья передача
- угловая передача
- ускоряющая передача
- фрикционная передача
- цепная передача
- червячная передача
- четвёртая передача
- экономичная передача -
9 передача коническими спиральными шестернями
Automobile industry: spiral bevel gearingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > передача коническими спиральными шестернями
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10 передача коническими шестернями со спиральными зубьями
Automobile industry: spiral-bevel gearingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > передача коническими шестернями со спиральными зубьями
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11 спирально-коническая передача
Railway term: spiral bevel gearingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > спирально-коническая передача
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12 Evolventenverzahnung
Evolventenverzahnung f TECH involute gearing, involute tooth arrangement, involute toothing, spiral tooth arrangementDeutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > Evolventenverzahnung
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13 винтовая передача
crossed-axis helical gear, screw gear, spiral gear, crossed-axis helical gearingРусско-английский политехнический словарь > винтовая передача
См. также в других словарях:
Spiral gearing — Spiral Spi ral, a. [Cf. F. spiral. See {Spire} a winding line.] 1. Winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually receding from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring. [1913 Webster] 2. Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
spiral gearing — noun see spiral gear … Useful english dictionary
Spiral — Spi ral, a. [Cf. F. spiral. See {Spire} a winding line.] 1. Winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually receding from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring. [1913 Webster] 2. Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis, and at… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Spiral gear — Spiral Spi ral, a. [Cf. F. spiral. See {Spire} a winding line.] 1. Winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually receding from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring. [1913 Webster] 2. Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Spiral operculum — Spiral Spi ral, a. [Cf. F. spiral. See {Spire} a winding line.] 1. Winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually receding from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring. [1913 Webster] 2. Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Spiral shell — Spiral Spi ral, a. [Cf. F. spiral. See {Spire} a winding line.] 1. Winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually receding from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring. [1913 Webster] 2. Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Spiral spring — Spiral Spi ral, a. [Cf. F. spiral. See {Spire} a winding line.] 1. Winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually receding from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring. [1913 Webster] 2. Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Spiral wheel — Spiral Spi ral, a. [Cf. F. spiral. See {Spire} a winding line.] 1. Winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually receding from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring. [1913 Webster] 2. Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
spiral gear — noun or spiral gearing : a helical gear used to transmit power between nonparallel shafts * * * 1. a type of helical gear used for transmitting power between shafts that are at an angle to each other. 2. See spiral bevel gear. * * * spiral gear … Useful english dictionary
spiral head — noun : an index head whose spindle may be connected by gearing to the feed screw of a milling machine table for the purpose of cutting spirals … Useful english dictionary
Worm gearing — Worm Worm (w[^u]rm), n. [OE. worm, wurm, AS. wyrm; akin to D. worm, OS. & G. wurm, Icel. ormr, Sw. & Dan. orm, Goth. wa[ u]rms, L. vermis, Gr. ? a wood worm. Cf. {Vermicelli}, {Vermilion}, {Vermin}.] [1913 Webster] 1. A creeping or a crawling… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English