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1 country
['kʌntrɪ]n(state, population, native land) kraj m; ( rural area) wieś f; ( region) teren m* * *plural - countries; noun1) (any of the nations of the world; the land occupied by a nation: Canada is a larger country than Spain.) kraj2) (the people of a country: The whole country is in agreement with your views.) kraj3) ((usually with the) districts where there are fields, moors etc as opposed to towns and areas with many buildings: a quiet holiday in the country; ( also adjective) country districts.) wieś4) (an area or stretch of land: hilly country.) teren•- countryman
- countryside -
2 cross-country
* * *adjective (across fields etc, not on roads: a cross-country run.) przełajowy -
3 cross-country skiing
noun (the sport of skiing with narrow skis across the countryside, through woods etc.) przełajowy -
4 home
[həum] 1. ndom m2. cpdthe home of free enterprise/jazz — kolebka wolnej przedsiębiorczości/jazzu
employment chałupniczy; ( ECON, POL) wewnętrzny, krajowy; (SPORT) team miejscowy; game, win na własnym boisku post, u siebie post3. advbe w domu; go, travel do domu; press, push do środka, na swoje miejsceat home — ( in house) w domu; ( in country) w kraju; ( comfortable) swojsko, jak u siebie
to make one's home somewhere — zamieszkać ( perf) gdzieś
4. vito bring sth home to sb — uświadamiać (uświadomić perf) coś komuś
Phrasal Verbs:* * *[həum] 1. noun1) (the house, town, country etc where a person etc usually lives: I work in London but my home is in Bournemouth; When I retire, I'll make my home in Bournemouth; Africa is the home of the lion; We'll have to find a home for the kitten.) dom, miejsce zamieszkania2) (the place from which a person, thing etc comes originally: America is the home of jazz.) kolebka, ojczyzna3) (a place where children without parents, old people, people who are ill etc live and are looked after: an old folk's home; a nursing home.) dom (starców, sierot itp.)4) (a place where people stay while they are working: a nurses' home.) dom, hotel5) (a house: Crumpy Construction build fine homes for fine people; He invited me round to his home.) dom2. adjective1) (of a person's home or family: home comforts.) domowy2) (of the country etc where a person lives: home produce.) lokalny, krajowy3) ((in football) playing or played on a team's own ground: the home team; a home game.) miejscowy3. adverb1) (to a person's home: I'm going home now; Hallo - I'm home!) do domu, w domu2) (completely; to the place, position etc a thing is intended to be: He drove the nail home; Few of his punches went home; These photographs of the war brought home to me the suffering of the soldiers.) prosto do celu•- homeless- homely
- homeliness
- homing
- home-coming
- home-grown
- homeland
- home-made
- home rule
- homesick
- homesickness
- homestead
- home truth
- homeward
- homewards
- homeward
- homework
- at home
- be/feel at home
- home in on
- leave home
- make oneself at home
- nothing to write home about -
5 subject
1. ['sʌbdʒɪkt] n( matter) temat m; ( SCOL) przedmiot m; ( of kingdom) poddany(-na) m(f); ( LING) podmiot m2. [səb'dʒɛkt] vtto subject sb to sth — poddawać (poddać perf) kogoś czemuś
to be subject to — (law, tax) podlegać +dat; ( heart attacks) być narażonym na +acc
to change the subject — zmieniać (zmienić perf) temat
* * *1. adjective((of countries etc) not independent, but dominated by another power: subject nations.) podbity, podległy2. noun1) (a person who is under the rule of a monarch or a member of a country that has a monarchy etc: We are loyal subjects of the Queen; He is a British subject.) poddany2) (someone or something that is talked about, written about etc: We discussed the price of food and similar subjects; What was the subject of the debate?; The teacher tried to think of a good subject for their essay; I've said all I can on that subject.) temat3) (a branch of study or learning in school, university etc: He is taking exams in seven subjects; Mathematics is his best subject.) przedmiot4) (a thing, person or circumstance suitable for, or requiring, a particular kind of treatment, reaction etc: I don't think her behaviour is a subject for laughter.) przedmiot5) (in English, the word(s) representing the person or thing that usually does the action shown by the verb, and with which the verb agrees: The cat sat on the mat; He hit her because she broke his toy; He was hit by the ball.) podmiot3. [səb'‹ekt] verb1) (to bring (a person, country etc) under control: They have subjected all the neighbouring states (to their rule).) podporządkować sobie2) (to cause to suffer, or submit (to something): He was subjected to cruel treatment; These tyres are subjected to various tests before leaving the factory.) poddawać•- subjective
- subjectively
- subject matter
- change the subject
- subject to -
6 head
[hɛd] 1. n ( lit, fig)głowa f; ( of table) szczyt m; ( of company) dyrektor m; (of country, organization) przywódca(-dczyni) m(f); ( of school) dyrektor(ka) m(f); (of list, queue) czoło nt; ( on coin) reszka f; (on tape recorder, computer) głowica fhead first — fall głową naprzód or do przodu; dive na główkę
10 pounds a/per head — 10 funtów na głowę
to come to a head ( fig) — situation etc osiągać (osiągnąć perf) punkt krytyczny
to bite/snap sb's head off — warczeć (warknąć perf) na kogoś (inf)
the brandy/success went to his head — koniak/sukces uderzył mu do głowy
to lose one's head — tracić (stracić perf) głowę
2. vthe's off his head! ( inf) — odbiło mu! (inf)
list, group znajdować się na czele +gen; company prowadzić, kierować +instr; ball odbijać (odbić perf) głowąPhrasal Verbs:- head for- head off* * *[hed] 1. noun1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) głowa2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) głowa3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) długość łba4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; ( also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) głowa, główny5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) główka6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) góra7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) góra, szczyt8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) przód9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) głowa10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) kierowanik, dyrektor11) ((for) one person: This dinner costs $10 a head.) na osobę/głowę12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) przylądek13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) piana2. verb1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) być na czele, prowadzić2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) kierować3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) kierować się4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) zatytułować5) ((in football) to hit the ball with the head: He headed the ball into the goal.) zagrać głową•- - headed- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails?
- keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's head -
7 internal
[ɪn'təːnl]adj* * *[in'tə:nl]1) (of, on or in the inside of something (eg a person's body): The man suffered internal injuries in the accident.) wewnętrzny2) (concerning what happens within a country etc, rather than its relationship with other countries etc: The prime ministers agreed that no country should interfere in another country's internal affairs.) wewnętrzny•- internal combustion -
8 diplomacy
[dɪ'pləuməsɪ]n* * *[di'plouməsi]1) (the business of making agreements, treaties etc between countries; the business of looking after the affairs of one's country etc in a foreign country.) dyplomacja2) (skill and tact in dealing with people, persuading them etc: Use a little diplomacy and she'll soon agree to help.) dyplomacja•- diplomat- diplomatic
- diplomatically -
9 scale
[skeɪl] 1. n(of numbers, salaries, model) skala f; ( of map) skala f, podziałka f; ( of fish) łuska f; ( MUS) gama f; (size, extent) rozmiary pl, wielkość fto draw sth to scale — rysować (narysować perf) coś w skali
- scales2. vtwdrapywać się (wdrapać się perf) na +accPhrasal Verbs:* * *I [skeil] noun1) (a set of regularly spaced marks made on something (eg a thermometer or a ruler) for use as a measure; a system of numbers, measurement etc: This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and one in Centigrade.) skala2) (a series or system of items of increasing or decreasing size, value etc: a wage/salary scale.) skala3) (in music, a group of notes going up or down in order: The boy practised his scales on the piano.) gama4) (the size of measurements on a map etc compared with the real size of the country etc shown by it: In a map drawn to the scale 1:50,000, one centimetre represents half a kilometre.) podziałka, skala5) (the size of an activity: These guns are being manufactured on a large scale.) skalaII [skeil] verb(to climb (a ladder, cliff etc): The prisoner scaled the prison walls and escaped.) wspiąć się naIII [skeil] noun(any of the small thin plates or flakes that cover the skin of fishes, reptiles etc: A herring's scales are silver in colour.) łuska- scaly -
10 colony
['kɔlənɪ]nkolonia f* * *['koləni]plural - colonies; noun1) ((a group of people who form) a settlement in one country etc which is under the rule of another country: France used to have many colonies in Africa.) kolonia2) (a group of people having the same interests, living close together: a colony of artists.) kolonia, grupa3) (a collection of animals, birds etc, of one type, living together: a colony of gulls.) kolonia•- colonial- colonialism
- colonialist
- colonize
- colonise
- colonist
- colonization
- colonisation -
11 emblem
['ɛmbləm]n( of country) godło nt; ( of sports club etc) emblemat m; (mark, symbol) symbol m* * *['embləm](an object chosen to represent an idea, a quality, a country etc: The dove is the emblem of peace.) godło, symbol -
12 autonomy
[ɔː'tɔnəmɪ]n( of country) autonomia f; (of organization, person) niezależność f* * *[o:'tonəmi](the power or right of a country etc to govern itself.) autonomia -
13 belt
[bɛlt] 1. n 2. vt ( inf) 3. vi ( BRIT)( inf) pędzić, pruć (inf)Phrasal Verbs:- belt out- belt up* * *[belt] 1. noun1) (a long (narrow) piece of leather, cloth etc worn round the waist: a trouser-belt; He tightened his belt.) pasek2) (a similar object used to set wheels in motion: the belt of a vacuum-cleaner.) pas(ek)3) (a zone of country etc: a belt of trees; an industrial belt.) strefa2. verb1) (to fasten with a belt: He belted his trousers on.) zapiąć pasem2) (to strike (with or without a belt): He belted the disobedient dog.) uderzyć pasem•- belted -
14 boycott
-
15 citizenship
['sɪtɪznʃɪp]n( of country) obywatelstwo nt* * *noun (the status, rights and duties of a citizen, especially of a particular country etc: He has applied for British citizenship.) obywatelstwo -
16 climate
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17 invade
-
18 legation
[lɪ'geɪʃən]nposelstwo nt* * *[li'ɡeiʃən]((the headquarters of) an official group of people acting on behalf of the government of their own country etc in another country.) poselstwo -
19 overrun
[əuvə'rʌn] 1. ( irreg like: run) vtcountry etc opanowywać (opanować perf)2. vimeeting etc przedłużać się (przedłużyć się perf)* * *present participle - overrunning; verb1) (to fill, occupy or take possession of: The house was overrun with mice.) opanować2) (to continue longer than intended: The programme overran by five minutes.) przekroczyć czas -
20 ravage
['rævɪdʒ]vt* * *['rævi‹](of enemies, invaders etc) to cause great damage or destruction in, or to plunder (a town, country etc). pustoszyć
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