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1 MOUTH
anto, pé (but pé is glossed "lip" in a late source, see VT39:9), assa (hole, opening, perforation), náva ("ñ") (not only the lips but also the inside of the mouth – this word was apparently changed by Tolkien from páva), MOUTH OF RIVER etsir, WITH MOUTH FULL (= full to the brim) penquanta –LotR:1157, PEG, GAS, VT39:13 cf. 8, 19, ET, VT39:11 -
2 LIP
pé (so according to late sources; glossed "mouth" in the Etymologies, stem PEG), dual peu "the two lips, the mouth-opening". Early "Qenya" had cíla for "lip". –VT39:9/VT47:12, 35, GN:24 -
3 BE ABLE
(and the English present tense can) is expressed by various verbs: pol- (to be physically able), lerta- (be free to do, there being no restraint, physical or other), ista- (know how to; pa.t. sintë), hence e.g. polin quetë “I can speak” (because mouth and tongue are free), lertan quetë "I can/may speak” (because I am free to do so, there being no obstacle of promise, secrecy, or duty), istan quetë “I can/know how to speak” (I have learnt language). Where the absence of a physical restraint is considered, the verb lerta- can be used in much the same sense as pol- (VT41:6). Another way of expressing “can” involves the verb ec-, and what would be the subject in English appears in the dative case instead: Ecë nin carë sa, “I can do it” (it is possible for me to do it), ecuva nin carë sa “I may do that” (in the future). –VT49:20, 34 -
4 CONSONANT
\#pataca (only pl. patacar is attested), \#lambetengwë (literally "tongue-sign"; only pl. lambetengwi is attested; this refers to consonants as tengwi or phonemes), also náva-tengwë ("ñava-") (literally "mouth-sign"; only pl. náva-tengwi is attested; the shorter form \#návëa pl. návëar was also used, but Fëanor replaced these terms with \#pataca). Yet another term for "consonant" was \#tapta tengwë "impeded element". (Only pl. tapta tengwi is attested; we would rather expect *taptë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective. The nominal pl. of the adjective, taptar, was used in the same sense as tapta tengwi.) Tolkien also notes: "Since...in the mode of spelling commonly used the full signs were consonantal, in ordinary non-technical use tengwar [sg tengwa, see LETTER] became equivalent to 'consonants'." Cf. also surya "spirant consonant" and punta "stopped consonant", i.e. a consonant sign with an underposed dot to indiate that it is not followed by a vowel. –VT39:8, VT39:16, 17, WJ:396, SUS, PUT (see PUS), VT46:10, 33 -
5 FULL
quanta (+ genitive to express "full of", as in quanta Eruanno "full of grace", VT43:28); FULL TO THE BRIM, WITH MOUTH FULL penquanta ("peñ-). Adverb FULLY aqua (completely, altogether, wholly); FULL WRITING (= writing with separate symbols for vowels) quanta sarmë, FULL STOP (in Tengwar punctuation a dot placed under a consonant to indicate that it is not followed by a vowel, VT46:10, 33) pusta (stop), FULL SIGN \#quanta tengwë (only pl. quantë tengwi is attested). In early Elvish analysis of Quenya, this was the term for a consonant + a vowel (this was analyzed as a kind of unitary phoneme rather than two phonemes; hence a stem like mata- "eat" was analyzed as two quantë tengwi: ma + ta). –KWAT/VT43:28, VT39:11, WJ:392, VT39:8, PUS -
6 GIVE
anta- (pa.t. \#antanë is attested in VT49:14 [antanen “I gave”], though the pa.t. “gave” was ánë in early "Qenya", QL:31; possibly both forms are valid in later Quenya as well). In one text, Tolkien apparently used ana as the imperative "give!", but the text was rewritten and this may have been an ephemeral form (VT44:13). GIVE INSTRUCTIONS TO, see INSTRUCT. GIVER antë (f), anto (m) (the latter word from Etym is probably obsoleted by anto "mouth" in LotR:1157 – an alternative word for "[male] giver" might be *antando). Another fem. word for "giver" is \#ánië, isolated from massánië (see BREAD-GIVER). –ANA, VT44:13, PM:404 -
7 HOLE
ecca, latta (pit – Note: a homophone means "strap"), assa (perforation, opening, mouth), terra (fine pierced hole), unquë (hollow). –PE17:188, DAT, GAS, VT46:18, VT46:20 -
8 OPEN
(vb) panta- (unfurl, spread out); OPEN WIDE palu-, palya- (extend); OPEN (adj) panta, láta ("open, not closed", VT41:5); (of land:) latin, latina (free, cleared); OPENING (as abstract) pantië (unfolding, revealing), latya (used as an abstract in the source), OPENING (as concrete) assa (hole, performation, mouth). OPENNESS látië; OPENMOUTHED fauca (thirsty, parched) –PAT, PAL, VT39:23, QL:72, GAS, LAT, VT39:23/VT41:5, PHAU -
9 PERFORMATION
assa (hole, opening, mouth) –GAS -
10 RIVER
sírë (stream), also \#sirya (attested in dual form siryat). (LT1:248/262 also gives nen, while LT1:260 gives celusindi; LT1:265 gives sindi; these may not be valid words in LotR-style Quenya.) The word hlóna (marked by a query by Tolkien) was to designate "a river, especially given to those at all seasons full of water from mountains". Regarding the conceptual validity of the word nuinë, –duinë (cognate of Sindarin duin as in Anduin), see nuinë in the Quenya-English wordlist. RIVER-[?FEEDING] WELL (Tolkien's gloss is not certainly legible) lón, lónë (pl. lóni given) (deep pool). RIVULET siril; MOUTH OF RIVER etsir –SIR, VT47:11, VT48:27, 28, 30-31, ET
См. также в других словарях:
Mouth — (mouth), n.; pl. {Mouths} (mou[th]z). [OE. mouth, mu[thorn], AS. m[=u][eth]; akin to D. mond, OS. m[=u][eth], G. mund, Icel. mu[eth]r, munnr, Sw. mun, Dan. mund, Goth. mun[thorn]s, and possibly L. mentum chin; or cf. D. muil mouth, muzzle, G.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
mouth — [mouth; ] for v. [ mouth] n. pl. mouths [mouthz] [ME < OE muth, akin to Ger mund < IE base * menth , to chew > Gr masasthai, L mandere, to chew] 1. the opening through which an animal takes in food; specif., the cavity, or the entire… … English World dictionary
mouth — ► NOUN 1) the opening in the body of most animals through which food is taken and sounds are emitted. 2) an opening or entrance to a structure that is hollow, concave, or almost completely enclosed. 3) the place where a river enters the sea. 4)… … English terms dictionary
Mouth — (mou[th]), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Mouthed} (mou[th]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Mouthing}.] 1. To take into the mouth; to seize or grind with the mouth or teeth; to chew; to devour. Dryden. [1913 Webster] 2. To utter with a voice affectedly big or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Mouth — Mouth, v. i. 1. To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected voice; to vociferate; to rant. [1913 Webster] I ll bellow out for Rome, and for my country, And mouth at C[ae]sar, till I shake the senate. Addison. [1913 Webster] 2. To put mouth to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
mouth|y — «MOW thee, thee», adjective, mouth|i|er, mouth|i|est. loud mouthed; using many words to say little; ranting; bombastic: »He…was prone to be mouthy and magniloquent ( … Useful english dictionary
mouth — [n1] opening aperture, beak, box, cavity, chops*, clam, crevice, delta, door, embouchement, entrance, estuary, firth, fly trap, funnel, gate, gills, gob, harbor, inlet, jaws, kisser*, lips, mush*, orifice, portal, rim, trap*, yap*; concepts… … New thesaurus
mouth — index entrance, enunciate, express, phrase, recite, utter Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
Mouth — Porté dans la Moselle, c est une forme francisée de Muth (voir ce nom) … Noms de famille
mouth — is pronounced mowth as a noun (but plural mowdhz), and mowdh as a verb (also mowdhd in combinations such as foul mouthed) … Modern English usage
mouth|er — «MOW thuhr», noun. a person who mouths; long winded talker … Useful english dictionary
