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(man+and+machine)

  • 1 Man-Machine Integration Design and Analysis System

    Military: MIDAS

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Man-Machine Integration Design and Analysis System

  • 2 Flax Fibre, Tow And By-Products

    FLAX FIBRE, TOW and BY-PRODUCTS
    Flax, Broken - Scutched flax which is less than 20-in. long and therefore unfit for hackling in the spinning mill. Flax, C.D. and T. - Graders' marks which denote the type of scutched flax: c (chaine) to represent warps, D (demi) to represent medium warps, and T (trame) to represent wefts. Flax, Green, or Natural - Scutched flax produced from de-seeded straw without any intermediate treatment such as retting. Flax, Line - The hackled flax produced by a hackling machine or hand hackling. A term sometimes erroneously applied to scutched flax. Flax, Retted - Scutched flax produced from straw which has been retted. Usually divided into three main classes, namely, water retted flax, dew retted flax, and chemically retted flax. Flax, Scutched - The product from the delivery end of a scutching machine or from scutching flax straw on a wheel. It consists of the long fibre strands in a parallel condition and substantially free from wood and other extraneous material. The yield of scutched flax is commonly expressed as stones (14-lb.) per acre, but in Ireland it is sometimes expressed as stones per peck of seed sown. The average yield per acre of scutched flax has varied according to year from about 20 stones per acre to 40 stones per acre, with occasional exceptional yields of 80 and 90 stones per acre. Grader, Flax - The man who places the scutched flaxes in their appropriate grades of quality by eye judgment and feel. Grades, Flax - Tank retted flaxes are graded from A through the alphabet in ascending order of value. Dam retted flaxes are graded from 1-7 in descending order of value. Dew retted flaxes are graded 0-6 in descending order of value. Grades, Tow - Green tow is graded 1-8 and then 9a, 9b, Z, Z2, and beater tow in descending order of value. Tank retted tow is graded I, II, III, 1, 2, 3, 3X, 3XXX, in descending order, whilst dam and dew retted tows are I, II, II, 1, 2, 3. Pluckings - The short, clean fibre produced at the end of the scutching machine where the operatives dress and square the pieces of flax ready for selection. In grading pluckings are classed as tow (q.v.). Root Ends, Straw - The broken-off roots which fall from the straw under the breaking rollers. Rug, Scutching - All the detritus which falls below the two compartments of the scutching machine after the shives have been shaken out of it, or the waste made when producing scutched flax on a wheel. It consists of partly scutched short straws, broken straws, weeds, and beater tow. It is classed as root end rug or top end rug, according to which end of the flax it comes from. Selection - The preliminary sorting of the scutched flax into main grades at the delivery end of the scutching machine. Shives - The short pieces of woody waste beaten from the straw during scutching. Tow - Any substantially clean but tossed and tangled flax fibre of less than scutched flax length. Tow Baling - The operation of making-up tow into bales. Tow, Beater - Short, fine, clean fibres which fall from the last third of the compartments during scutching. Tow, Inferior low grade (Green) - Green tow of a grade lower than 9a. Tow, Inferior low grade (Retted) - Retted tow of a grade lower than 3XXX. Tow, Machine, or Cast - Tow produced by the hackling machine. Tow, Rejected - Tow unsuitable for spinning on flax tow machinery. Tow, Rescutched - Two scutched on tow handles or a tow scutching machine. Tow, Rolled - The product from passing scutching rug through tow rollers and highspeed shaker. Tow, Rolled and Beaten - The product from passing scutching rug through tow rollers and beaters, and a high-speed shaker. The principal flax markets of the world are at Courtrai, Bruges, Ghent, Lokeren and Zele in Belgium; Rotterdam in Holland; Riga in Latvia; Leningrad, Pernau and Witebek in Russia; Douai and Flines in France; Newry, Rathfriland, Strabane, Ballymoney, Lisnaskea, Ballybay and Armagh in Ireland. Courtrai flax is the finest produced. It is uniform in fibre, strong, clean and of a good colour. Yarns up to 200's lea are spun from it. Irish flax comes next in spinning qualities from 90's to 120's lea are produced. As a warp yarn it is much preferred as the strength is greater than other types. Flemish flax is dark in colour, dryer than others, strong, and can be spun up to 120's lea. Dutch flax is clean, good colour and spins into yams up to 90's lea. Russian flax is coarser than the above types and is usually spun up to about 70's lea.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Flax Fibre, Tow And By-Products

  • 3 Turing Machine

       [W]hen Minsky or Turing claims that man can be understood as a Turing machine, they must mean that a digital computer can reproduce a human behavior... by processing data representing facts about the world using log ical operations that can be reduced to matching, classifying and Boolean operations. (Dreyfus, 1972, p. 192)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Turing Machine

  • 4 Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg (German: Machine Works of Augsburg and Nu rnberg, truck manufacturer)

    Abbreviation: MAN

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg (German: Machine Works of Augsburg and Nu rnberg, truck manufacturer)

  • 5 карта технологическая операций, выполненных одновременно рабочими и машинами

    man-and-machine chart

    4000 полезных слов и выражений > карта технологическая операций, выполненных одновременно рабочими и машинами

  • 6 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

  • 7 карта ритмичности производственного процесса

    Quality control: man-and-machine chart

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > карта ритмичности производственного процесса

  • 8 технологическая карта операций, выполняемых одновременно рабочими и машинами

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > технологическая карта операций, выполняемых одновременно рабочими и машинами

  • 9 технологическая карта операций, выполняемых рабочим и машиной

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > технологическая карта операций, выполняемых рабочим и машиной

  • 10 hombre

    adj.
    manly.
    intj.
    1 hey man, well, what a surprise.
    2 O man.
    3 man alive.
    m.
    1 man.
    hombre de negocios businessman
    hombre orquesta one-man band
    hombre de palabra man of his word
    hombre rana frogman
    el hombre de a pie the man in the street
    hombre del tiempo weatherman
    un pobre hombre a nobody
    ¡pobre hombre! poor chap o (British) guy! (United States)
    de hombre a hombre man to man
    ser muy hombre to be a (real) man
    ser todo un hombre, ser un hombre de pelo en pecho to be a real man, to be every inch a man
    hombre de acción man of action
    el hombre de la calle the man in the street
    hombre lobo werewolf
    hombre de mundo man of the world
    2 male, man.
    * * *
    2 (especie) man, mankind
    3 familiar (marido) husband
    1 (asombro) hey!, hey there!, well!
    ■ ¡hombre, Pedro, no te esperaba! hey, Pedro, I didn't expect you!
    2 (enfático) sure!
    ■ ¡sí hombre! you bet!, yeah sure!
    ■ ¡hombre claro! of course!, you bet!
    3 (enfado) but really!
    ■ ¡pero hombre! but really!
    ■ ¡anda hombre! come on!
    \
    de hombre a hombre man-to-man
    hacer un hombre to make a man of
    hacerse un hombre to become a man
    ¡hombre al agua! man overboard!
    ¡pobre hombre! poor chap!, poor bloke! (US poor guy!)
    portarse como un hombre to act like a man
    ser muy hombre to be every inch a man
    ser otro hombre to be a changed man
    buen hombre good fellow
    el hombre de la calle the man in the street
    el hombre medio the average man
    hombre anuncio sandwich man
    hombre de bien good man, honest man
    hombre de estado statesman
    hombre de letras man of letters
    hombre de mundo man of the world
    hombre de negocios businessman
    hombre de palabra man of his word
    hombre de peso important figure
    hombre de pro honest man
    hombre del tiempo weatherman
    hombre lobo werewolf
    hombre orquesta one-man band
    hombre rana frogman
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    1. SM
    1) (=varón adulto) man; (=especie humana) mankind

    ¡ven aquí si eres hombre! — come over here if you're a real man!

    ayúdale, que el hombre ya no puede más — help him, the poor man's exhausted

    ¡hombre al agua! — man overboard!

    • el abominable hombre de las nieves — the abominable snowman

    • creerse muy hombre, se cree muy hombre — he thinks he's a real hard man

    • pobre hombre, el pobre hombre se quedó sin nadie — the poor man o poor devil ended up all alone

    no le hagas caso, es un pobre hombre — don't take any notice, he's just a sad little man *

    como un solo hombre —

    hombre bueno — honest man, good man

    hombre de bien — honest man, good man

    hombre de la calle, el hombre de la calle no entiende el problema — the average person can't understand the problem

    hombre de leyes — lawyer, attorney (-at-law) (EEUU)

    hombre de mar — seafaring man, seaman

    hombre de pro, hombre de provecho — worthy o good man

    hombre fuerte, el hombre fuerte del partido — the strong man of the party

    hombre medio, el hombre medio — the man in the street, the average person

    hombre muerto, ¡si no te rindes eres hombre muerto! — surrender or you're a dead man!

    2) (=miembro de ejército, equipo) man
    2.
    EXCL

    -¿me haces un favor? -sí, hombre — "would you do me a favour?" - "(yes) of course"

    -¿vendrás? -¡hombre claro! — "are you coming?" - "you bet!"

    ¡venga, hombre, haz un esfuerzo! — come on, make an effort!

    ¡hombre, no me vengas con eso! — oh please o oh come on, don't give me that!

    hombre, yo creo que... — well, I think that...

    ¡hombre, Pedro! ¿qué tal? — hey, Pedro! how's things?

    ¡vaya, hombre, qué mala suerte has tenido! — dear oh dear, what terrible luck!

    * * *
    I
    a) ( varón) man

    hombres, mujeres y niños — men, women and children

    está hecho un hombre — he's a real man, now

    ser un hombre de pelo en pecho — to be a real man, be a he-man (hum)

    II

    hombre! qué sorpresa! — well! o hey! what a nice surprise!

    ¿te gustaría venir? - hombre! — would you like to come? - you bet! what do you think?

    hombre, no es lo mismo — come off it, it's not the same thing at all (colloq)

    hombre, supongo que sí — well o I don't know, I suppose so

    * * *
    = male, man [men, -pl.].
    Ex. The decision has been made to use the term males instead of the term Men in the indexing of documents.
    Ex. No less prestigious an authority than a Royal Commission was appointed to inquire into the charges brought against the man principally responsible for that volume.
    ----
    * agujero de hombre = manhole.
    * alimentación del hombre = human nutrition, human nutrition.
    * animal que ataca al hombre = man-eater.
    * asignado por el hombre = humanly-assigned.
    * asociación benéfica de hombres de negocios = Lions club.
    * basado en el hombre = human-centred [human-centered, -USA].
    * causado por el hombre = man-made.
    * centrado en el hombre = human-centred [human-centered, -USA], anthropocentric.
    * centralización en el hombre = human-centredness [human-centeredness, -USA].
    * creación de lazos de amistad entre hombres = male bonding.
    * creado por el hombre = human-generated.
    * de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.
    * de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.
    * desastre provocado por el hombre = man-made disaster.
    * devoradora de hombres = man-eater.
    * diferencia de retribución entre mujeres y hombres = gender pay gap.
    * diferencial retributivo entre mujeres y hombres = gender pay differential.
    * dominado por el hombre = male dominated [male-dominated].
    * el hombre de la calle = the average Joe.
    * el hombre no es una isla = no man is an island.
    * el hombre propone y Dios dispone = Man proposes, God disposes.
    * el perro es el mejor amigo del hombre = a dog is man's best friend.
    * entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.
    * entre la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.
    * equidad entre hombres y mujeres = gender equity.
    * generado por el hombre = human-generated.
    * hecho por el hombre = man-made.
    * hombre anuncio = sandwich man, sandwich-board man, human billboard.
    * hombre blanco = white man [white men, -pl.].
    * hombre bomba = suicide bomber.
    * hombre con éxito = successful man.
    * hombre corriente, el = common man, the.
    * hombre de a pie, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.
    * hombre de color = coloured man.
    * hombre de confianza = henchman [henchmen, -pl.].
    * hombre de estado = statesman [statesmen, -pl.].
    * hombre de éxito = successful man.
    * hombre de la calle = layman [laymen, -pl.], lay person [layperson].
    * hombre de la calle, el = common man, the, man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.
    * hombre de la edad del hielo = iceman [icemen, -pl.].
    * hombre de las cavernas = prehistoric man, caveman.
    * hombre de letras = man of letters.
    * hombre del tiempo = weatherman, weatherman.
    * hombre de mar = seaman [seamen -pl.].
    * hombre de negocios = businessman [businessmen, -pl.], entrepreneur.
    * hombre de paja = straw man, straw figure, frontman.
    * hombre espectáculo = showman [showmen, -pl.].
    * hombre lobo = werewolf [werewolves, -pl.].
    * hombre mayor = elderly man.
    * hombre medio, el = average person, the.
    * hombre muerto = goner.
    * hombre negro = black man, coloured man.
    * hombre orquesta = one-man band.
    * hombre para todo = handyman [handymen, pl.].
    * hombre prehistórico, el = early man.
    * hombre primitivo, el = early man.
    * hombre que no tiene palabra = not a man of his word.
    * hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.
    * hombre sabio = wise man.
    * hombre santo = holy man.
    * hombres de negocios = business people.
    * hombre viril = virile man.
    * hora hombre = man-hour.
    * interacción hombre-ordenador = human-computer interaction.
    * intervención del hombre = human intervention.
    * liberación del hombre = men's liberation.
    * orientación hacia el hombre = human-centredness [human-centeredness, -USA].
    * orientado hacia el hombre = human-centred [human-centered, -USA].
    * peluquería de hombres = barber's shop.
    * pobre hombre = poor fellow.
    * por el hombre = humanly.
    * proporción hombres-mujeres = sex ratio.
    * provocado por el hombre = man-made.
    * relaciones entre hombres y mujeres = gender relations.
    * seleccionado por el hombre = humanly-selected.
    * un hombre de gentes = a man of the people.
    * un hombre de mundo = a man of the world.
    * un hombre de palabra = a man of his word.
    * un hombre de pocas palabras = a man of few words.
    * ¡vaya hombre! = oh dear!.
    * * *
    I
    a) ( varón) man

    hombres, mujeres y niños — men, women and children

    está hecho un hombre — he's a real man, now

    ser un hombre de pelo en pecho — to be a real man, be a he-man (hum)

    II

    hombre! qué sorpresa! — well! o hey! what a nice surprise!

    ¿te gustaría venir? - hombre! — would you like to come? - you bet! what do you think?

    hombre, no es lo mismo — come off it, it's not the same thing at all (colloq)

    hombre, supongo que sí — well o I don't know, I suppose so

    * * *
    = male, man [men, -pl.].

    Ex: The decision has been made to use the term males instead of the term Men in the indexing of documents.

    Ex: No less prestigious an authority than a Royal Commission was appointed to inquire into the charges brought against the man principally responsible for that volume.
    * agujero de hombre = manhole.
    * alimentación del hombre = human nutrition, human nutrition.
    * animal que ataca al hombre = man-eater.
    * asignado por el hombre = humanly-assigned.
    * asociación benéfica de hombres de negocios = Lions club.
    * basado en el hombre = human-centred [human-centered, -USA].
    * causado por el hombre = man-made.
    * centrado en el hombre = human-centred [human-centered, -USA], anthropocentric.
    * centralización en el hombre = human-centredness [human-centeredness, -USA].
    * creación de lazos de amistad entre hombres = male bonding.
    * creado por el hombre = human-generated.
    * de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.
    * de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.
    * desastre provocado por el hombre = man-made disaster.
    * devoradora de hombres = man-eater.
    * diferencia de retribución entre mujeres y hombres = gender pay gap.
    * diferencial retributivo entre mujeres y hombres = gender pay differential.
    * dominado por el hombre = male dominated [male-dominated].
    * el hombre de la calle = the average Joe.
    * el hombre no es una isla = no man is an island.
    * el hombre propone y Dios dispone = Man proposes, God disposes.
    * el perro es el mejor amigo del hombre = a dog is man's best friend.
    * entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.
    * entre la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.
    * equidad entre hombres y mujeres = gender equity.
    * generado por el hombre = human-generated.
    * hecho por el hombre = man-made.
    * hombre anuncio = sandwich man, sandwich-board man, human billboard.
    * hombre blanco = white man [white men, -pl.].
    * hombre bomba = suicide bomber.
    * hombre con éxito = successful man.
    * hombre corriente, el = common man, the.
    * hombre de a pie, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.
    * hombre de color = coloured man.
    * hombre de confianza = henchman [henchmen, -pl.].
    * hombre de estado = statesman [statesmen, -pl.].
    * hombre de éxito = successful man.
    * hombre de la calle = layman [laymen, -pl.], lay person [layperson].
    * hombre de la calle, el = common man, the, man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.
    * hombre de la edad del hielo = iceman [icemen, -pl.].
    * hombre de las cavernas = prehistoric man, caveman.
    * hombre de letras = man of letters.
    * hombre del tiempo = weatherman, weatherman.
    * hombre de mar = seaman [seamen -pl.].
    * hombre de negocios = businessman [businessmen, -pl.], entrepreneur.
    * hombre de paja = straw man, straw figure, frontman.
    * hombre espectáculo = showman [showmen, -pl.].
    * hombre lobo = werewolf [werewolves, -pl.].
    * hombre mayor = elderly man.
    * hombre medio, el = average person, the.
    * hombre muerto = goner.
    * hombre negro = black man, coloured man.
    * hombre orquesta = one-man band.
    * hombre para todo = handyman [handymen, pl.].
    * hombre prehistórico, el = early man.
    * hombre primitivo, el = early man.
    * hombre que no tiene palabra = not a man of his word.
    * hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.
    * hombre sabio = wise man.
    * hombre santo = holy man.
    * hombres de negocios = business people.
    * hombre viril = virile man.
    * hora hombre = man-hour.
    * interacción hombre-ordenador = human-computer interaction.
    * intervención del hombre = human intervention.
    * liberación del hombre = men's liberation.
    * orientación hacia el hombre = human-centredness [human-centeredness, -USA].
    * orientado hacia el hombre = human-centred [human-centered, -USA].
    * peluquería de hombres = barber's shop.
    * pobre hombre = poor fellow.
    * por el hombre = humanly.
    * proporción hombres-mujeres = sex ratio.
    * provocado por el hombre = man-made.
    * relaciones entre hombres y mujeres = gender relations.
    * seleccionado por el hombre = humanly-selected.
    * un hombre de gentes = a man of the people.
    * un hombre de mundo = a man of the world.
    * un hombre de palabra = a man of his word.
    * un hombre de pocas palabras = a man of few words.
    * ¡vaya hombre! = oh dear!.

    * * *
    1 (varón) man
    hombres, mujeres y niños men, women and children
    ya es un hombre hecho y derecho he's a grown man now
    es el hombre de la casa he's the man of the house
    ¡cómo ha crecido! está hecho un hombre hasn't he grown! he's a real man, now
    fue un gran hombre he was a great man
    vamos a hablar de hombre a hombre let's talk man-to-man
    no es lo bastante hombre como para decírmelo a la cara he's not man enough to tell me to my face
    se cree muy hombre he thinks he's such a man
    el ejército te va a hacer un hombre the Army will make a man (out) of you
    ¡hombre al agua! man overboard!
    como no consiga el dinero soy hombre muerto if I don't manage to get the money I've had it o I'm finished o I'm a dead man ( colloq)
    es un pobre hombre he's a poor devil
    este hombre no sabe lo que dice this guy o he doesn't know what he's talking about
    ser un hombre de pelo en pecho to be a real man, be a he-man ( hum)
    2
    (especie humana): el hombre man
    nadie pensó que el hombre llegaría a la luna nobody thought that man would reach the moon
    la explotación del hombre por el hombre the exploitation of man by his fellow man
    el hombre prehistórico prehistoric man
    el hombre propone y Dios dispone Man proposes and God disposes
    Compuestos:
    sandwich-board man
    spiderman
    man of action
    man-at-arms
    fine, upstanding man
    man of science
    right-hand man
    statesman
    man in the street
    caveman
    man of letters
    bogeyman
    weatherman
    man of the world
    businessman
    (en política) puppet; (en un negocio sucio) front man, front ( colloq), straw man ( AmE)
    strong man
    werewolf
    male sex-object
    ( Mús) one-man band
    soy el hombre orquesta de esta oficina ( hum); I have to do everything in this office
    public figure
    frogman, diver
    ¡hombre!, ¡qué alegría encontrarte aquí! well, hey! what a nice surprise to see you here!
    ¿te gustaría venir? — ¡hombre! would you like to come? — you bet! o what do you think?
    vamos, hombre, anímate come on o hey, cheer up!
    acércate, hombre, que no te voy a hacer nada come here, I'm not going to do anything to you!
    hombre, no es lo mismo come off it, it's not the same thing ( colloq), but it's not the same
    hombre, supongo que vendrá well o I don't know, I suppose she'll come
    * * *

     

    hombre sustantivo masculino
    a) ( varón) man;

    ◊ hombres, mujeres y niños men, women and children;

    no es lo bastante hombre para … he's not man enough to …;
    ¡hombre al agua! man overboard!;
    este hombre no sabe lo que dice this guy doesn't know what he's talking about;
    hombre de confianza right-hand man;
    hombre del tiempo weatherman;
    hombre de negocios businessman;
    hombre lobo werewolf;
    hombre medio man in the street;
    hombre rana frogman, diver;
    hombre precavido vale por dos forewarned is forearmed


    ■ interjección:
    ◊ ¡hombre! ¡qué sorpresa! well! what a nice surprise!;

    ¿te gustaría venir? — ¡hombre! would you like to come? — you bet! what do you think?;
    hombre, no es lo mismo come off it, it's not the same thing at all (colloq)
    hombre
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 (individuo) man
    hombre de Estado, statesman
    hombre de paja, dummy, figurehead
    hombre lobo, werewolf
    hombre rana, frogman
    2 (género, especie) mankind, man
    II interj
    1 (en un saludo) hey!, hey there!: ¡hombre, José!, ¿qué tal te va?, hey, José! how are things?
    2 (enfático) ¡hombre, claro que iré!, sure, of course I'll go!
    (incredulidad) ¡sí hombre!, ¿te crees que soy tonto, o qué?, oh, come on! do you think I'm stupid?
    ♦ Locuciones: ser muy hombre, to be every inch a man
    de hombre a hombre, man-to-man

    ' hombre' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abominable
    - acción
    - acomodador
    - acomodadora
    - adúltera
    - adúltero
    - aferrada
    - aferrado
    - agente
    - albacea
    - amante
    - aparte
    - artesana
    - artesano
    - asesina
    - asesino
    - autor
    - autora
    - bañador
    - bienhechor
    - bienhechora
    - blanca
    - blanco
    - bombera
    - bombero
    - cabrón
    - cabrona
    - calle
    - cámara
    - camarera
    - camarero
    - campesina
    - campesino
    - capataz
    - cartera
    - cartero
    - casera
    - casero
    - cerdo
    - cobrador
    - cobradora
    - coco
    - comedianta
    - comediante
    - cómica
    - cómico
    - compatriota
    - confidente
    - conquistador
    English:
    A
    - aged
    - alone
    - ascot
    - average
    - bear down on
    - bogeyman
    - brief
    - businessman
    - chase
    - come up
    - common
    - conviction
    - decision
    - decoy
    - discard
    - doze
    - elegantly
    - ethical
    - evening dress
    - excommunicate
    - frogman
    - grief-stricken
    - grown
    - guffaw
    - hairpiece
    - hurt
    - in
    - inch
    - inhibited
    - intrigue
    - jacket
    - let out
    - madman
    - man
    - manhood
    - masculine
    - masseur
    - mate
    - misgiving
    - nipple
    - nobleman
    - of
    - one-man band
    - open-minded
    - ordinary
    - overboard
    - pants
    - parent
    - point out
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [varón adulto] man;
    ropa de hombre menswear;
    el hombre blanco white men;
    paseaba del brazo de su hombre she walked along arm in arm with her man;
    un pobre hombre a nobody;
    ¡pobre hombre! poor guy!;
    ¡hombre al agua! man overboard!;
    de hombre a hombre man to man;
    como un solo hombre: los trabajadores defendieron a su compañera como un solo hombre the workers defended their colleague as one;
    hacer un hombre a alguien: el ejército no lo hizo un hombre the army failed to make a man of him;
    ser hombre: da la cara si eres hombre show your face if you're a man;
    ser hombre muerto: si me descubren, soy hombre muerto if they find me out, I'm a dead man;
    ¡arroja el arma o eres hombre muerto! throw down your weapon or you're a dead man!;
    ser muy hombre to be a (real) man;
    te crees muy hombre, ¿no? you think you're a big man, don't you?;
    Fam
    ser un hombre de pelo en pecho to be a real man, to be every inch a man;
    ser todo un hombre to be a real man, to be every inch a man;
    el hombre y el oso, cuanto más feos más hermosos people often prefer brawn to classical good looks;
    hombre precavido o [m5] prevenido vale por dos forewarned is forearmed;
    el hombre propone y Dios dispone Man proposes and God disposes
    hombre de acción man of action;
    hombre anuncio sandwich-board man;
    hombre de bien honourable man;
    el hombre de la calle the man in the street;
    hombre de ciencias man of science;
    hombre de confianza right-hand man;
    hombre de Cromañón Cro-magnon man;
    hombre de Estado statesman;
    hombre de familia family man;
    hombre fuerte strongman;
    el hombre fuerte del régimen the strongman of the regime;
    hombre de iglesia man of the cloth;
    el hombre invisible the invisible man;
    hombre de letras man of letters;
    hombre lobo werewolf;
    hombre de mar seaman, sailor;
    hombre de mundo man of the world;
    hombre de Neanderthal Neanderthal man;
    hombre de negocios businessman;
    el hombre de las nieves the abominable snowman;
    hombre objeto: [m5] me tratan como a un hombre objeto they treat me as a sex object;
    hombre orquesta one-man band;
    hombre de paja front (man), US straw man;
    hombre de palabra: [m5] es un hombre de palabra he's a man of his word;
    el hombre de a pie the man in the street;
    hombre público public figure;
    hombre rana frogman;
    Fam el hombre del saco the bogeyman;
    hombre del tiempo weatherman
    2.
    el hombre [la humanidad] man, mankind;
    la evolución del hombre the evolution of mankind
    ♦ interj
    1. Esp [como apelativo]
    ¡hombre! ¡qué alegría verte! (hey,) how nice to see you!;
    ¿te acuerdas de Marisol?, ¡sí, hombre, nuestra compañera de clase! do you remember Marisol? you know, she was at school with us!;
    ¿me acercas a casa? – sí, hombre can you give me a Br lift o US ride home? – sure;
    ¡sí, hombre, que ya voy! all right, all right, I'm coming!;
    hombre, ¡qué pena! oh, what a shame!;
    pero hombre, no te pongas así oh, don't be like that!;
    hombre, no es exactamente mi plato favorito, pero… well, it's not exactly my favourite dish, but…;
    ¡hombre Pepe, tú por aquí! hey, Pepe, fancy seeing you here!
    2. Méx Fam
    n'hombre [uso enfático] [m5]¿cómo les fue? – n'hombre, nos la pasamos súper-bien how did it go? – man, we had a blast!;
    n'hombre, no vayas a ver esa película, es aburridísima god no, don't go to that movie o Br film, it's unbelievably boring
    * * *
    m
    1 man;
    de hombre a hombre man to man;
    hombre hecho a sí mismo self-made man;
    pobre hombre poor man o soul;
    ¡hombre al agua! man overboard!
    2
    :
    el hombre (la humanidad) man, mankind
    3
    :
    ¡claro, hombre! you bet!, sure thing!;
    ¡hombre, qué alegría! that’s great!
    * * *
    hombre nm
    1) : man
    el hombre: man, mankind
    2)
    hombre de estado : statesman
    3)
    hombre de negocios : businessman
    4)
    hombre lobo : werewolf
    * * *
    1. (en general) man [pl. men]
    un hombre alto y moreno a tall, dark man
    2. (humanidad) mankind
    hombre del tiempo weatherman [pl. weathermen]
    hombre de negocios businessman [pl. businessmen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > hombre

  • 11 continuo

    adj.
    1 continuous, around-the-clock, constant, round-the-clock.
    Una función continua (no discreta) A continuous function (not discrete)...
    2 nonstop.
    3 continuous, one-piece, non broken.
    4 continuous, not discrete, indiscrete.
    Una función continua (no discreta) A continuous function (not discrete)...
    m.
    1 continuum, whole, undivided whole.
    2 continuo, bass accompaniment in a musical score.
    * * *
    1 (seguido) continuous
    2 (continuado) continual, constant
    1 (todo) continuum
    2 (de gente) flow
    \
    corriente continua direct current
    movimiento continuo perpetual motion
    ————————
    1 (todo) continuum
    2 (de gente) flow
    * * *
    (f. - continua)
    adj.
    continuous, constant
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=ininterrumpido) [línea, fila] continuous; [dolor, movimiento, crecimiento] constant, continuous; [pesadilla, molestia] constant

    la presencia continua de los militares lo hacía todo más difícil — the constant o continuous presence of the soldiers made everything more difficult

    evaluación 2), sesión 3)
    2) (=frecuente, repetido) [llamadas, amenazas, críticas, cambios] constant, continual
    3) (Fís) [movimiento] perpetual
    4) (Elec) [corriente] direct
    5) (Ling) continuous
    6)
    2.
    SM (Fís) continuum
    * * *
    I
    - nua adjetivo
    a) ( sin interrupción) < dolor> constant; <movimiento/sonido> continuous, constant; < lucha> continual
    b) ( frecuente) <llamadas/viajes> continual, constant
    c)
    II
    continuum masculino (frml) continuum
    * * *
    = continual, continued, continuing, continuous, ongoing [on-going], persistent, running, sustained, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], continuum, uninterrupted, long-term, everlasting, unrelieved, back-to-back, unceasing, incessant, ceaseless.
    Ex. The second point concerns the continual reference to Haykin's book, a sort of code of subject authority practice and its drawbacks.
    Ex. Instructional development is a goal-oriented, problem-solving process involving techniques such as development of specific objectives, analysis of learners and tasks, preliminary trials, formative and summative evaluation, and continued revision.
    Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.
    Ex. However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.
    Ex. This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.
    Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.
    Ex. Tom Hernandez knew that there had been a ' running feud' between Lespran and Balzac during the last year or so.
    Ex. Research has shown that strong centralized control of employees is not the best way to achieve operational efficiency or sustained productivity.
    Ex. Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.
    Ex. At the other end of the continuum is the form of hack writing typified by the poorest quality of adventure stories (often mildly pornographic).
    Ex. For this purpose it is assumed that the usual 23-letter latin alphabet, or an uninterrupted series of numerals, is used for signing the gatherings.
    Ex. Many long-term residents feel that Junctionville should be governed the way it was before Groome appeared -- by 'good old boys' who had worked their way up, who eschewed issues, and who faithfully rewarded their cronies.
    Ex. Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.
    Ex. Although the slave narratives were usually intended to serve in the cause of abolition, not all of them were bitter, unrelieved tirades against the institution of slavery, but rather there were frequently moments of relieving laughter.
    Ex. The conference program includes back-to-back papers on techniques for sorting Unicode data.
    Ex. But just as she pulled over the road in the pitch blackness of night she heard the unceasing sound of the night like she had never heard it.
    Ex. The great practical education of the Englishman is derived from incessant intercourse between man and man, in trade.
    Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.
    ----
    * en continuo aumento = ever-increasing.
    * en continuo cambio = constantly shifting.
    * flujo continuo = continuum.
    * formación continua = continuing training.
    * formación continua en el trabajo = workplace learning.
    * máquina continua de papel = paper-making machine.
    * miedo continuo = nagging fear.
    * paginación continua = continuous pagination.
    * papel continuo de periódico = newsprint.
    * papel perforado continuo = continuous computer stationery.
    * temor continuo = nagging fear.
    * texto continuo = stream of text.
    * * *
    I
    - nua adjetivo
    a) ( sin interrupción) < dolor> constant; <movimiento/sonido> continuous, constant; < lucha> continual
    b) ( frecuente) <llamadas/viajes> continual, constant
    c)
    II
    continuum masculino (frml) continuum
    * * *
    = continual, continued, continuing, continuous, ongoing [on-going], persistent, running, sustained, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], continuum, uninterrupted, long-term, everlasting, unrelieved, back-to-back, unceasing, incessant, ceaseless.

    Ex: The second point concerns the continual reference to Haykin's book, a sort of code of subject authority practice and its drawbacks.

    Ex: Instructional development is a goal-oriented, problem-solving process involving techniques such as development of specific objectives, analysis of learners and tasks, preliminary trials, formative and summative evaluation, and continued revision.
    Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.
    Ex: However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.
    Ex: This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.
    Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.
    Ex: Tom Hernandez knew that there had been a ' running feud' between Lespran and Balzac during the last year or so.
    Ex: Research has shown that strong centralized control of employees is not the best way to achieve operational efficiency or sustained productivity.
    Ex: Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.
    Ex: At the other end of the continuum is the form of hack writing typified by the poorest quality of adventure stories (often mildly pornographic).
    Ex: For this purpose it is assumed that the usual 23-letter latin alphabet, or an uninterrupted series of numerals, is used for signing the gatherings.
    Ex: Many long-term residents feel that Junctionville should be governed the way it was before Groome appeared -- by 'good old boys' who had worked their way up, who eschewed issues, and who faithfully rewarded their cronies.
    Ex: Appraisal is the single most important function performed by an archivist because it has wide-reaching and everlasting social implications.
    Ex: Although the slave narratives were usually intended to serve in the cause of abolition, not all of them were bitter, unrelieved tirades against the institution of slavery, but rather there were frequently moments of relieving laughter.
    Ex: The conference program includes back-to-back papers on techniques for sorting Unicode data.
    Ex: But just as she pulled over the road in the pitch blackness of night she heard the unceasing sound of the night like she had never heard it.
    Ex: The great practical education of the Englishman is derived from incessant intercourse between man and man, in trade.
    Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.
    * en continuo aumento = ever-increasing.
    * en continuo cambio = constantly shifting.
    * flujo continuo = continuum.
    * formación continua = continuing training.
    * formación continua en el trabajo = workplace learning.
    * máquina continua de papel = paper-making machine.
    * miedo continuo = nagging fear.
    * paginación continua = continuous pagination.
    * papel continuo de periódico = newsprint.
    * papel perforado continuo = continuous computer stationery.
    * temor continuo = nagging fear.
    * texto continuo = stream of text.

    * * *
    1 ‹dolor› (sin interrupción) constant; ‹movimiento/sonido› continuous, constant; ‹lucha› continual
    2 (frecuente) ‹llamadas/viajes› continual, constant
    estoy harto de sus continuas protestas I'm fed up of his continual o constant complaining
    3
    ( frml)
    continuum
    * * *

     

    Del verbo continuar: ( conjugate continuar)

    continúo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    continuó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    continuar    
    continuo
    continuar ( conjugate continuar) verbo transitivo
    to continue
    verbo intransitivo [guerra/espectáculo/vida] to continue;
    ◊ si las cosas continúan así if things go on o continue like this;


    ( on signs) continuará to be continued;

    continuo con algo to continue with sth;
    continuó diciendo que … she went on to say that …
    continuo -nua adjetivo

    ‹movimiento/sonido› continuous, constant;
    ‹ lucha› continual
    b) ( frecuente) ‹llamadas/viajes› continual, constant

    continuar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
    1 to continue, carry on (with)
    2 (seguir en un lugar) continúa viviendo en Brasil, he's still living in Brazil
    3 (seguir sucediendo) continúa lloviendo, it is still raining
    (una película) continuará, to be continued ➣ Ver nota en continue
    continuo,-a adjetivo
    1 (incesante) continuous
    corriente continua, direct current
    Auto línea continua, solid white line
    sesión continua, continuous showing
    2 (repetido) continual, constant
    sus continuos reproches, his endless reproaches
    ' continuo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    continua
    - continuamente
    - intranquila
    - intranquilo
    - constante
    - continuar
    - horario
    English:
    ago
    - begin
    - continual
    - continuous
    - now
    - pause
    - perpetual
    - perpetual motion
    - persistent
    - rattle on
    - solid
    - teethe
    - unbroken
    - ache
    - endless
    - running
    - steady
    * * *
    continuo, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [ininterrumpido] continuous;
    las continuas lluvias obligaron a suspender el partido the continuous rain forced them to call off the game
    2. [perseverante] continual;
    me irritan sus continuas preguntas her continual questioning irritates me
    3. [unido] continuous;
    papel continuo continuous stationery
    ♦ nm
    1. [sucesión] succession, series
    2. Fís continuum
    3. Ling continuum
    ♦ de continuo loc adv
    continually
    * * *
    adj
    1 ( sin parar) continuous;
    de continuo constantly
    2 ( frecuente) continual
    * * *
    continuo, - nua adj
    : continuous, steady, constant
    * * *
    1. (ininterrumpido) continuous
    2. (repetido) continual

    Spanish-English dictionary > continuo

  • 12 constante

    adj.
    2 constant.
    3 unchanging, uniform, consistent, constant.
    4 dedicated, hardworking.
    f.
    1 constant.
    2 Constante.
    * * *
    1 (invariable) constant
    2 (persona) steadfast
    1 MATEMÁTICAS constant
    \
    constantes vitales vital signs
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=continuado) constant
    2) (=frecuente) constant
    3) (=perseverante) [persona] persevering
    4) (Fís) [velocidad, temperatura, presión] constant
    2. SF
    1) (=factor predominante)

    el mar es una constante en su obra — the sea is a constant theme o an ever-present theme in his work

    2) (Mat) constant
    3) (Med)
    * * *
    I
    1) ( continuo) constant
    2) ( perseverante) < persona> persevering
    II
    a) (Mat) constant
    b) ( característica) constant feature
    c) constantes femenino plural (Med) tb
    * * *
    = constant, continual, continued, continuing, continuous, even, ongoing [on-going], persistent, regular, unvarying, steadfast, perpetual, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], abiding, unfailing, unabated, constant, standing, unflagging, assiduous, on-the-go, unceasing, incessant, ceaseless, persevering.
    Ex. Film and videotape are stored on the premises in vaults situated at the back of the library and are air conditioned to ensure a constant temperature.
    Ex. The second point concerns the continual reference to Haykin's book, a sort of code of subject authority practice and its drawbacks.
    Ex. Instructional development is a goal-oriented, problem-solving process involving techniques such as development of specific objectives, analysis of learners and tasks, preliminary trials, formative and summative evaluation, and continued revision.
    Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.
    Ex. However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.
    Ex. An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.
    Ex. This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.
    Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.
    Ex. Book form was generally regarded as too inflexible for library catalogues, especially where the catalogue required regular updating to cater for continuing and gradual expansion of the collection.
    Ex. An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.
    Ex. He does admit, however, that 'this power is unusual, it is a gift which must be cultivated, an accomplishment which can only be acquired by vigorous and steadfast concentration'.
    Ex. Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.
    Ex. Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.
    Ex. The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.
    Ex. Public libraries can be characterized by an unfailing flexibility and sincere intent to help people solve problems.
    Ex. The demand for English as the world's lingua franca continues unabated.
    Ex. In this formula, curly brackets {} indicate activities, and alpha, beta and gamma are constants = En esta fórmula, las llaves {} indican actividades y alfa, beta y gamma son las constantes.
    Ex. A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.
    Ex. Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.
    Ex. The management of a large number of digital images requires assiduous attention to all stages of production.
    Ex. With technologies such as SMS, Podcasting, voice over IP (VoIP), and more becoming increasingly mainstream, the potential to provide instant, on-the-go reference is limitless.
    Ex. But just as she pulled over the road in the pitch blackness of night she heard the unceasing sound of the night like she had never heard it.
    Ex. The great practical education of the Englishman is derived from incessant intercourse between man and man, in trade.
    Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.
    Ex. Napoleon Bonaparte said: 'Victory belongs to the most persevering' and 'Ability is of little account without opportunity'.
    ----
    * constante de bajada = slope constant.
    * constante flujo de = steady stream of.
    * constante vital = vital sign.
    * crítica constante = nagging.
    * de un modo constante = on an ongoing basis.
    * en constante expansión = ever-expanding, ever-growing.
    * en constante movimiento = on the go.
    * los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.
    * mantenimiento de las constantes vitales = life support.
    * máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.
    * permanecer constante = remain + constant.
    * que está en constante evolución = ever-evolving.
    * serie constante de = steady stream of.
    * ser una constante = be a constant.
    * * *
    I
    1) ( continuo) constant
    2) ( perseverante) < persona> persevering
    II
    a) (Mat) constant
    b) ( característica) constant feature
    c) constantes femenino plural (Med) tb
    * * *
    = constant, continual, continued, continuing, continuous, even, ongoing [on-going], persistent, regular, unvarying, steadfast, perpetual, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], abiding, unfailing, unabated, constant, standing, unflagging, assiduous, on-the-go, unceasing, incessant, ceaseless, persevering.

    Ex: Film and videotape are stored on the premises in vaults situated at the back of the library and are air conditioned to ensure a constant temperature.

    Ex: The second point concerns the continual reference to Haykin's book, a sort of code of subject authority practice and its drawbacks.
    Ex: Instructional development is a goal-oriented, problem-solving process involving techniques such as development of specific objectives, analysis of learners and tasks, preliminary trials, formative and summative evaluation, and continued revision.
    Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.
    Ex: However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.
    Ex: An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.
    Ex: This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.
    Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.
    Ex: Book form was generally regarded as too inflexible for library catalogues, especially where the catalogue required regular updating to cater for continuing and gradual expansion of the collection.
    Ex: An unvarying level of illumination, heating, cooling, ventilation and acoustics will give the even type of environment needed in an academic library.
    Ex: He does admit, however, that 'this power is unusual, it is a gift which must be cultivated, an accomplishment which can only be acquired by vigorous and steadfast concentration'.
    Ex: Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.
    Ex: Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.
    Ex: The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.
    Ex: Public libraries can be characterized by an unfailing flexibility and sincere intent to help people solve problems.
    Ex: The demand for English as the world's lingua franca continues unabated.
    Ex: In this formula, curly brackets {} indicate activities, and alpha, beta and gamma are constants = En esta fórmula, las llaves {} indican actividades y alfa, beta y gamma son las constantes.
    Ex: A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.
    Ex: Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.
    Ex: The management of a large number of digital images requires assiduous attention to all stages of production.
    Ex: With technologies such as SMS, Podcasting, voice over IP (VoIP), and more becoming increasingly mainstream, the potential to provide instant, on-the-go reference is limitless.
    Ex: But just as she pulled over the road in the pitch blackness of night she heard the unceasing sound of the night like she had never heard it.
    Ex: The great practical education of the Englishman is derived from incessant intercourse between man and man, in trade.
    Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.
    Ex: Napoleon Bonaparte said: 'Victory belongs to the most persevering' and 'Ability is of little account without opportunity'.
    * constante de bajada = slope constant.
    * constante flujo de = steady stream of.
    * constante vital = vital sign.
    * crítica constante = nagging.
    * de un modo constante = on an ongoing basis.
    * en constante expansión = ever-expanding, ever-growing.
    * en constante movimiento = on the go.
    * los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.
    * mantenimiento de las constantes vitales = life support.
    * máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.
    * permanecer constante = remain + constant.
    * que está en constante evolución = ever-evolving.
    * serie constante de = steady stream of.
    * ser una constante = be a constant.

    * * *
    A
    1 (continuo) constant
    estaba sometido a una constante vigilancia he was kept under constant surveillance
    2 ‹tema/motivo› constant
    B (perseverante) persevering
    1 ( Mat) constant
    2 (característica) constant feature
    las escaseces han sido una constante durante los últimos siete años shortages have been a constant feature of the last seven years
    durante estas fechas las colas son una constante en las tiendas at this time of year queues are a regular feature in the shops
    una constante en su obra a constant theme in his work
    el malhumor es una constante en él he's always in a bad mood
    constantes vitales vital signs (pl)
    * * *

     

    constante adjetivo


    ■ sustantivo femenino
    a) (Mat) constant


    c)

    ◊ constantes sustantivo femenino plural (Med) tb constantes vitales vital signs (pl)

    constante
    I adjetivo
    1 (tenaz) steadfast: es una persona constante en sus ambiciones, he is steadfast in his ambitions
    2 (incesante, sin variaciones) constant, incessant, unchanging: me mareaba el constante barullo que había allí, the constant racket there made me dizzy
    II sustantivo femenino
    1 constant feature: los desengaños fueron una constante a lo largo de su vida, disappointments were a constant during his lifetime
    2 Mat constant
    ' constante' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    fiel
    - salario
    - sangría
    English:
    constant
    - continual
    - cruise
    - equable
    - even
    - incessant
    - recurrent
    - steadily
    - steady
    - unfailing
    - uniform
    - unremitting
    - break
    - consistent
    - drive
    - eternal
    - niggling
    - persistent
    - wear
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [persona] [en una empresa] persistent;
    [en ideas, opiniones] steadfast;
    se mantuvo constante en su esfuerzo he persevered in his efforts
    2. [lluvia, atención] constant, persistent;
    [temperatura] constant
    3. [que se repite] constant
    ♦ nf
    1. [rasgo] constant;
    las desilusiones han sido una constante en su vida disappointments have been a constant feature in her life;
    las tormentas son una constante en sus cuadros storms are an ever-present feature in his paintings;
    la violencia es una constante histórica en la región the region has known violence throughout its history
    2. Mat constant
    3. constantes vitales vital signs;
    * * *
    I adj constant
    II f MAT constant
    * * *
    : constant
    : constant
    * * *
    constante adj (continuo) constant

    Spanish-English dictionary > constante

  • 13 Porter, Charles Talbot

    [br]
    b. 18 January 1826 Auburn, New York, USA
    d. 1910 USA
    [br]
    American inventor of a stone dressing machine, an improved centrifugal governor and a high-speed steam engine.
    [br]
    Porter graduated from Hamilton College, New York, in 1845, read law in his father's office, and in the autumn of 1847 was admitted to the Bar. He practised for six or seven years in Rochester, New York, and then in New York City. He was drawn into engineering when aged about 30, first through a client who claimed to have invented a revolutionary type of engine and offered Porter the rights to it as payment of a debt. Having lent more money, Porter saw neither the man nor the engine again. Porter followed this with a similar experience over a patent for a stone dressing machine, except this time the machine was built. It proved to be a failure, but Porter set about redesigning it and found that it was vastly improved when it ran faster. His improved machine went into production. It was while trying to get the steam engine that drove the stone dressing machine to run more smoothly that he made a discovery that formed the basis for his subsequent work.
    Porter took the ordinary Watt centrifugal governor and increased the speed by a factor of about ten; although he had to reduce the size of the weights, he gained a motion that was powerful. To make the device sufficiently responsive at the right speed, he balanced the centrifugal forces by a counterweight. This prevented the weights flying outwards until the optimum speed was reached, so that the steam valves remained fully open until that point and then the weights reacted more quickly to variations in speed. He took out a patent in 1858, and its importance was quickly recognized. At first he manufactured and sold the governors himself in a specially equipped factory, because this was the only way he felt he could get sufficient accuracy to ensure a perfect action. For marine use, the counterweight was replaced by a spring.
    Higher speed had brought the advantage of smoother running and so he thought that the same principles could be applied to the steam engine itself, but it was to take extensive design modifications over several years before his vision was realized. In the winter of 1860–1, J.F. Allen met Porter and sketched out his idea of a new type of steam inlet valve. Porter saw the potential of this for his high-speed engine and Allen took out patents for it in 1862. The valves were driven by a new valve gear designed by Pius Fink. Porter decided to display his engine at the International Exhibition in London in 1862, but it had to be assembled on site because the parts were finished in America only just in time to be shipped to meet the deadline. Running at 150 rpm, the engine caused a sensation, but as it was non-condensing there were few orders. Porter added condensing apparatus and, after the failure of Ormerod Grierson \& Co., entered into an agreement with Joseph Whitworth to build the engines. Four were exhibited at the 1867 Paris Exposition Universelle, but Whitworth and Porter fell out and in 1868 Porter returned to America.
    Porter established another factory to build his engine in America, but he ran into all sorts of difficulties, both mechanical and financial. Some engines were built, and serious production was started c. 1874, but again there were further problems and Porter had to leave his firm. High-speed engines based on his designs continued to be made until after 1907 by the Southwark Foundry and Machine Company, Philadelphia, so Porter's ideas were proved viable and led to many other high-speed designs.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1908, Engineering Reminiscences, New York: J. Wiley \& Sons; reprinted 1985, Bradley, Ill.: Lindsay (autobiography; the main source of information about his life).
    Further Reading
    R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (examines his governor and steam engine).
    O.Mayr, 1974, "Yankee practice and engineering theory; Charles T.Porter and the dynamics of the high-speed engine", Technology and Culture 16 (4) (examines his governor and steam engine).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Porter, Charles Talbot

  • 14 artefacto

    m.
    1 device.
    artefacto explosivo explosive device
    2 appliance, mechanism, gimmick, artifact.
    * * *
    1 device, appliance (explosivo) explosive device
    2 (en arqueología) artefact
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Téc) device, appliance

    artefacto explosivo — bomb, explosive device

    artefacto infernal — bomb, explosive device

    artefactos de alumbrado — light fittings, light fixtures

    artefactos del baño — Arg, Uru bathroom fixtures

    2) (Arqueología) artefact, artifact (EEUU)
    3) (Aut) * old crock, jalopy *, old banger *
    * * *
    masculino ( instrumento) artefact; ( dispositivo) device
    * * *
    = artefact [artifact], artifact [artefact], whatchamacallit, gizmo [gismo], contraption.
    Ex. An artefact is any object made or modified by man.
    Ex. There is also a review by Ken Bierman of the future of the catalog insofar as it is a physical artifact.
    Ex. In his book's section ' Watchamacallit' he forecasts that communication between user and machine will be through voice for entering text and a pen-like device for pointing.
    Ex. Within, you will find a pleathora of gadgets and gizmos, ranging from the ridiculous to the sublime.
    Ex. If you are in cahoots with the circle of power, you get your projects approved in no time, and in some cases, you can build the most hideous and unsightly contraption.
    ----
    * artefacto explosivo = explosive device.
    * fabricar un artefacto = manufacture + artifact.
    * * *
    masculino ( instrumento) artefact; ( dispositivo) device
    * * *
    = artefact [artifact], artifact [artefact], whatchamacallit, gizmo [gismo], contraption.

    Ex: An artefact is any object made or modified by man.

    Ex: There is also a review by Ken Bierman of the future of the catalog insofar as it is a physical artifact.
    Ex: In his book's section ' Watchamacallit' he forecasts that communication between user and machine will be through voice for entering text and a pen-like device for pointing.
    Ex: Within, you will find a pleathora of gadgets and gizmos, ranging from the ridiculous to the sublime.
    Ex: If you are in cahoots with the circle of power, you get your projects approved in no time, and in some cases, you can build the most hideous and unsightly contraption.
    * artefacto explosivo = explosive device.
    * fabricar un artefacto = manufacture + artifact.

    * * *
    (instrumento) artefact; (dispositivo) device
    un artefacto incendiario an incendiary device
    Compuestos:
    mpl (CS) bathroom fixtures (pl), sanitary ware ( frml)
    voy a cambiar los artefactos del baño I'm going to get a new bathroom suite
    mpl ( RPl) light fittings o fixtures (pl)
    mpl (CS) small electrical appliances (pl)
    * * *

    artefacto sustantivo masculino ( instrumento) artifact;
    ( dispositivo) device;

    un raro artefacto a contraption
    artefacto m (dispositivo) device

    ' artefacto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cierre
    - desmontar
    - desmontable
    - explotar
    English:
    artifact
    - artefact
    - device
    * * *
    1. [aparato] device;
    [máquina] machine;
    artefacto explosivo/incendiario explosive/incendiary device
    CSur artefactos de baño bathroom fixtures; RP artefacto eléctrico electrical household appliance; RP artefactos de iluminación light fittings and fixtures; CSur artefactos sanitarios bathroom fixtures
    2. [armatoste] contraption
    * * *
    m ( dispositivo) device
    * * *
    1) : artifact
    2) dispositivo: device
    * * *
    artefacto n device

    Spanish-English dictionary > artefacto

  • 15 स्त्री _strī

    स्त्री [स्त्यायेते शुक्रशोणिते यस्याम्]
    1 A woman; श्रुतं दृष्टं स्पृष्टं स्मृतमि नृणां ह्लादजननं न रत्नं स्त्रीभ्यो$न्यत् क्वचिदपि कृतं लोकपतिना । तदर्थं धर्मार्थो विभववरसौख्यानि च ततो गृहे लक्ष्म्यो मान्याः सततमबला मानविभवैः ॥ Subh. Ratn.
    -2 A female of any animal; गजस्त्री, हरिणस्त्री &c.; स्त्रीणामशिक्षितपटुत्वममानुषीषु Ś.5.22.
    -3 A wife; स्त्रीणां भर्ता धर्मदाराश्च पुंसाम् Māl.6.18; Me.28.
    -4 A white ant.
    -5 The Priyaṅgu plant.
    -6 The feminine gender, or a word used in that gender; आपः स्त्रीभूम्नि Ak.
    -Comp. -आगारः, -रम् a harem, the women's apartments.
    -अध्यक्षः a chamberlain.
    -अभिगमनम् sexual intercourse.
    -आजीवः 1 one who lives by his wife.
    -2 one who lives by keeping women for prostitu- tion; Ms.11.63.
    -करणम् sexual connection.
    -कामः 1 desire of intercourse with woman, fondness for women.
    -2 desire of a wife.
    -कार्यम् 1 the business of women.
    -2 attendance on women or women's apartments; वैदेहकानां स्त्रीकार्यं मागधानां वणिक्पथः Ms.1.47.
    -कितवः a deceiver or seducer of women.
    -कुमारम् a woman and child.
    -कुसुमम् menses, the menstrual exeretion in women.
    -कृतम् sexual connection.
    -कोशः a dagger.
    -क्षीरम् mother's milk; आरण्यानां च सर्वेषां मृगाणां माहिषं विना । स्त्रीक्षीरं चैव वर्ज्यानि... Ms.5.9.
    -ग a. cohabiting with women.
    -गवी a milch-cow.
    -गुरुः a female Guru or priestess.
    -गृहम् = स्त्र्यगार q. v.
    -ग्राहिन् (in law) acce- pting the guardianship over a woman.
    -घोषः dawn, day-break.
    -घ्नः the murderer of a woman; Ms.9.232.
    -चरितम्, -त्रम् the doing of women.
    -चिह्नम् 1 any mark or characteristic of the female sex.
    -2 the female organ, vulva.
    -चौरः a seducer of women, libertine.
    -जननी a woman who brings forth only daughters; Ms.9.81.
    -जातिः f. woman-kind, female sex.
    -जितः a hen-pecked husband; स्त्रीजितस्पर्शमात्रेण सर्व पुण्यं विनश्यति Śabdak; मृष्यन्ति ये चोपपतिं स्त्रीजितानां च सर्वशः (तेषामन्नं न भुञ्जति) Ms.4.217.
    -देहार्धः N. of Śiva.
    -धनम् a woman's private property over which she exercises independent control; it is of six kinds:-- अध्यग्न्यध्यावहनिकं दत्तं च प्रीति- कर्मणि । भ्रातृमातृपितृप्राप्तं ष़ड्विधं स्त्रीधनं स्मृतम् ॥ or according to others:-- पितृमातृपतिभ्रातृदत्तमध्यग्न्युपायनम् । आधिवेदनिकाद्यं च स्त्रीधनं परिकीर्तितम्; see also अन्वाधेयम्, बन्धुदत्तम्, यौतकम्, सौदायिकम्, शुल्कम्, पारिणाय्यम्, लावण्यार्जितम् and पादवन्दनिकम्.
    -धर्मः 1 the duty of a woman or wife.
    -2 the laws concerning women; Ms.1.114.
    -3 menstruation.
    -4 copulation.
    -धर्मिणी a woman in her course; स्त्रीधर्मिणी वेपमाना शोणितेन समुक्षिता । एकवस्त्रा विकृष्टास्मि दुःखिता कुरुसंसदि ॥ Mb.3.12.62.
    -धवः a man.
    -ध्वजः 1 the female of any animal.
    -2 an elephant.
    -नाथ a. one protected by a woman.
    -निबन्धनम् a woman's peculiar sphere of action or province; domestic duty, housewifery.
    -पण्योपजीविन् m. see स्त्र्याजीवः above.
    -परः a woman- lover, lecher, libertine.
    -पिशाची a fiend-like wife.
    -पुंस् a woman who had become a man.
    -पुंसौ m. du.
    1 wife and husband.
    -2 male and female; स्त्रीपुंसावात्मभागौ ते भिन्नमूर्तेः सिसृक्षया Ku.2.7.
    -पुंसलक्षणा a hermaphro- dite.
    -पुंधर्मः the law regulating the duties of man and wife.
    -पुरम् the women's apartment.
    -पुष्पम् the men- strual excretion.
    -पूर्वः = स्त्रीजितः q. v.; स्त्रीपूर्वाः काण्डपृष्ठाश्च...... (श्राद्धे नार्हन्ति) Mb.13.23.22.
    -प्रत्ययः a feminine affix (in gram.)
    -प्रसंगः (excessive) intercourse with women.
    -प्रसूः f. a woman who brings forth only dau- ghters; Y.1.73.
    -प्रिय a. loved by women. (
    -यः) the mango tree.
    -बन्धः the sexual union.
    -बाध्यः one who suffers himself to be troubled by a woman.
    -बुद्धिः f.
    1 the female understanding.
    -2 the counsel of a woman, female advice; स्त्रीबुद्धिः प्रलयंगता (प्रलयावहा) Subhāṣ.
    -भोगः sexual intercourse.
    -मन्त्रः a female stra- tagem, woman's counsel.
    -माया women's craft.
    -मुखपः the Aśoka tree.
    -यन्त्रम् a machine-like woman, ma- chine in the form of a woman; स्त्रीयन्त्रं केन लोके विषममृ- तमयं धर्मनाशाय सृष्टम् Pt.1.191.
    -रजस् menstruation.
    -रञ्जनम् betel.
    -रत्नम् 1 an excellent woman; स्त्रीरत्नेषु ममोर्वशी प्रियतमा यूथे तवेयं वशा V.4.25.
    -2 N. of Lakṣmī.
    -राज्यम् the kingdom of women.
    -लम्पट a. desirous of women.
    -लिङ्गम् 1 the feminine gender (in gram.)
    -2 any mark of the female sex (as breast &c.).
    -3 the female organ.
    -लौल्यम् fondness for women.
    -वशः sub- missiveness to a wife, subjection to women.
    -वासः an ant-hill.
    -विधेय a. governed by a wife, uxorious; संनिवेश्य सचिवेष्वतःपरं स्त्रीविधेयनवयौवनो$भवत् R.19.4.
    -विवाहः contracting marriage with a woman; अष्टाविमान् समानेन स्त्रीविवाहान्निबोधत Ms.3.2.
    -विषयः sexual connection.
    -व्रणः the female organ.
    -शौण्ड a. fond of women.
    -संसर्गः female company.
    -संस्थान a. having a female shape; स्त्रीसंस्थानं चाप्यरस्तीर्थमारादुत्क्षिप्यैनां ज्योतिरेकं तिरो$भूत् Ś.5.3.
    -संगः attachment to women, or intercourse with women.
    -संग्रहणम् 1 the act of embracing a wo- man (improperly).
    -2 adultery, seduction.
    -सभम् an assembly of women.
    -संबन्धः 1 matrimonial alliance with a woman.
    -2 connection by marriage.
    -3 rela- tion to women.
    -सेवा Devotion or addiction to women.
    -स्वभावः 1 the nature of women.
    -2 a eunuch.
    -हत्या the murder of a woman.
    -हन्तृ the murderer of a woman; स्त्रीहन्तॄंश्च न संवसेत् Ms.11.19.
    -हरणम् 1 the forcible abduction of women.
    -2 rape.
    -हारिन् m. a ravisher or seducer (of women).

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > स्त्री _strī

  • 16 Fokker, Anthony Herman Gerard

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 6 April 1890 Kediri, Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)
    d. 23 December 1939 New York, USA
    [br]
    Dutch designer of German fighter aircraft during the First World War and of many successful airliners during the 1920s and 1930s.
    [br]
    Anthony Fokker was born in Java, where his Dutch father had a coffee plantation. The family returned to the Netherlands and, after schooling, young Anthony went to Germany to study aeronautics. With the aid of a friend he built his first aeroplane, the Spin, in 1910: this was a monoplane capable of short hops. By 1911 Fokker had improved the Spin and gained a pilot's licence. In 1912 he set up a company called Fokker Aeroplanbau at Johannistal, outside Berlin, and a series of monoplanes followed.
    When war broke out in 1914 Fokker offered his designs to both sides, and the Germans accepted them. His E I monoplane of 1915 caused a sensation with its manoeuvrability and forward-firing machine gun. Fokker and his collaborators improved on the French deflector system introduced by Raymond Saulnier by fitting an interrupter gear which synchronized the machine gun to fire between the blades of the rotating propeller. The Fokker Dr I triplane and D VII biplane were also outstanding German fighters of the First World War. Fokker's designs were often the work of an employee who received little credit: nevertheless, Fokker was a gifted pilot and a great organizer. After the war, Fokker moved back to the Netherlands and set up the Fokker Aircraft Works in Amsterdam. In 1922, however, he emigrated to the USA and established the Atlantic Aircraft Corporation in New Jersey. His first significant success there came the following year when one of his T-2 monoplanes became the first aircraft to fly non-stop across the USA, from New York to San Diego. He developed a series of civil aircraft using the well-proven method of construction he used for his fighters: fuselages made from steel tubes and thick, robust wooden wings. Of these, probably the most famous was the F VII/3m, a high-wing monoplane with three engines and capable of carrying about ten passengers. From 1925 the F VII/3m airliner was used worldwide and made many record-breaking flights, such as Lieutenant-Commander Richard Byrd's first flight over the North Pole in 1926 and Charles Kingsford-Smith's first transpacific flight in 1928. By this time Fokker had lost interest in military aircraft and had begun to see flight as a means of speeding up global communications and bringing people together. His last years were spent in realizing this dream, and this was reflected in his concentration on the design and production of passenger aircraft.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Royal Netherlands Aeronautical Society Gold Medal 1932.
    Bibliography
    1931, The Flying Dutchman: The Life of Anthony Fokker, London: Routledge \& Sons (an interesting, if rather biased, autobiography).
    Further Reading
    A.R.Weyl, 1965, Fokker: The Creative Years, London; reprinted 1988 (a very detailed account of Fokker's early work).
    Thijs Postma, 1979, Fokker: Aircraft Builders to the World, Holland; 1980, English edn, London (a well-illustrated history of Fokker and the company).
    Henri Hegener, 1961, Fokker: The Man and His Aircraft, Letchworth, Herts.
    JDS / CM

    Biographical history of technology > Fokker, Anthony Herman Gerard

  • 17 высота каблука

    обувн. heel height

    It is a heel seat and sides lasting machine by injection of thermofusible cement at rod which, combined with a pulling-over lasting machine, realizes the complete lasting of man and lady footwear with any heel height. — Он представляет собой затяжную машину для каблучного гнезда и боков с введением термоплавкого клея у бруска, которая в комбинации с обтяжной машиной осуществляет полную затяжку мужской и женской обуви с любой высотой каблука.

    Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > высота каблука

  • 18 Forrester, Jay Wright

    [br]
    b. 14 July 1918 Anselmo, Nebraska, USA
    [br]
    American electrical engineer and management expert who invented the magnetic-core random access memory used in most early digital computers.
    [br]
    Born on a cattle ranch, Forrester obtained a BSc in electrical engineering at the University of Nebraska in 1939 and his MSc at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he remained to teach and carry out research. Becoming interested in computing, he established the Digital Computer Laboratory at MIT in 1945 and became involved in the construction of Whirlwind I, an early general-purpose computer completed in March 1951 and used for flight-simulation by the US Army Air Force. Finding the linear memories then available for storing data a major limiting factor in the speed at which computers were able to operate, he developed a three-dimensional store based on the binary switching of the state of small magnetic cores that could be addressed and switched by a matrix of wires carrying pulses of current. The machine used parallel synchronous fixed-point computing, with fifteen binary digits and a plus sign, i.e. 16 bits in all, and contained 5,000 vacuum tubes, eleven semiconductors and a 2 MHz clock for the arithmetic logic unit. It occupied a two-storey building and consumed 150kW of electricity. From his experience with the development and use of computers, he came to realize their great potential for the simulation and modelling of real situations and hence for the solution of a variety of management problems, using data communications and the technique now known as interactive graphics. His later career was therefore in this field, first at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts (1951) and subsequently (from 1956) as Professor at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    National Academy of Engineering 1967. George Washington University Inventor of the Year 1968. Danish Academy of Science Valdemar Poulsen Gold Medal 1969. Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society Award for Outstanding Accomplishments 1972. Computer Society Pioneer Award 1972. Institution of Electrical Engineers Medal of Honour 1972. National Inventors Hall of Fame 1979. Magnetics Society Information Storage Award 1988. Honorary DEng Nebraska 1954, Newark College of Engineering 1971, Notre Dame University 1974. Honorary DSc Boston 1969, Union College 1973. Honorary DPolSci Mannheim University, Germany. Honorary DHumLett, State University of New York 1988.
    Bibliography
    1951, "Data storage in three dimensions using magnetic cores", Journal of Applied Physics 20: 44 (his first description of the core store).
    Publications on management include: 1961, Industrial Dynamics, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 1968, Principles of Systems, 1971, Urban Dynamics, 1980, with A.A.Legasto \& J.M.Lyneis, System Dynamics, North Holland. 1975, Collected Papers, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.
    Further Reading
    K.C.Redmond \& T.M.Smith, Project Whirlwind, the History of a Pioneer Computer (provides details of the Whirlwind computer).
    H.H.Goldstine, 1993, The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann, Princeton University Press (for more general background to the development of computers).
    Serrell et al., 1962, "Evolution of computing machines", Proceedings of the Institute of
    Radio Engineers 1,047.
    M.R.Williams, 1975, History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Forrester, Jay Wright

  • 19 Bovie, William

    SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology
    [br]
    b. 11 September 1882 Augusta, Michigan, USA
    d. 1 January 1958 Fairfield, Maine, USA
    [br]
    American biophysicist and inventor of the electrosurgical (electrocoagulating) knife.
    [br]
    Of farming stock, Bovie entered the University of Michigan in 1904 but did not obtain his degree until 1908. During this time he taught geology and biology at Antioch and attended the University of Missouri. In 1910 he moved to Harvard and engaged in plant growth research using an instrument invented by him, the auxometer. In 1914 he gained his PhD in connection with studies on the effects of ultraviolet light on protoplasm. He was Director of the Cancer Commission laboratory and in 1916 investigated the effects of heat and radiation on living tissues and assisted in the development of radium applicators. Bovie's invention, in 1926, of the electrosurgical knife, which permitted the performance of bloodless surgery, came to the attention of Cushing, who was able in 1927 to report on its use in 547 neurosurgical operations. In 1927 Bovie was appointed Professor and Chairman of the Department of Biophysics at Northwestern University, Illinois, and in 1929 he moved to Maine to set up his own private laboratory.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    City of Philadelphia John Scott Medal 1928.
    Bibliography
    H.W.Cushing, 1928, "Electrosurgery as an aid to the removal of intracranial tumours", Surg. Obstet. Gynec.
    Kelly and Ward, 1932, Electrosurgery, Philadelphia.
    Further Reading
    1979, "W.T.Bovie: The man and the machine", Ann. Plast. Surg.
    MG

    Biographical history of technology > Bovie, William

  • 20 Sickels, Frederick Ellsworth

    [br]
    b. 20 September 1819 Gloucester County, New Jersey, USA
    d. 8 March 1895 Kansas City, Missouri, USA
    [br]
    American inventor of a steam-inlet cut-off valve mechanism for engines and steam steering apparatus for ships.
    [br]
    Sickels was educated in New York City, where his father was a practising physician. As he showed mechanical aptitude, at the age of 16 he joined the Harlem Railroad as a rod man, and a year later became a machinist in the Allaire Works in New York, studying physics and mechanics in his spare time. He perfected his cut-off mechanism for drop valves in 1841 and patented it the following year. The liberating mechanism allowed the valve to fall quickly onto its seat and so eliminated "wire-drawing" of the steam, and Sickels arranged a dashpot to prevent the valve hitting the seat violently. Through further improvements patented in 1843 and 1845, he gained a considerable fortune, but he subsequently lost it through fighting patent infringements because his valve gear was copied extensively.
    In 1846 he turned his attention to using a steam engine to assist the steering in ships. He filed a patent application in 1849 and completed a machine in 1854, but he could not find any ship owner willing to try it until 1858, when it was fitted to the August. A patent was granted in 1860, but as no American ship owners showed interest Sickels went to England, where he obtained three British patents; once again, however, he found no interest. He returned to the United States in 1867 and continued his fruitless efforts until he was financially ruined. He patented improved compound engines in 1875 and also contributed improvements in sinking pneumatic piles. He turned to civil engineering and engaged in railway and bridge construction in the west. In about 1890 he was made Consulting Engineer to the National Water Works Company of New York and in 1891 became Chief Engineer of its operations at Kansas City.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Dictionary of American Biography, 1935, Vol. XVII, New York: C.Scribner's Sons. C.T.Porter, 1908, Engineering Reminiscences, reprinted 1985, Bradley, Ill.: Lindsay Publications (comments on his cut-off valve gear).
    H.G.Conway, 1955–6, "Some notes on the origins of mechanical servo systems", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 29 (comments on his steam steering apparatus).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Sickels, Frederick Ellsworth

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