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61 ზიანს აყენებს
vharming, harms, stabbing, stabs, wronging, wrongs -
62 Ehrlich, Paul
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 14 March 1854 Strehlen, Silesia, Germanyd. 20 August 1915 Homburg, Saarland, Germany[br]German medical scientist who laid the foundations of intra-vital staining in histology, and of chemotherapy.[br]After studying medicine at a number of schools in Germany, Ehrlich graduated from Leipzig in 1878. After some years at the Charite in Berlin, an attack of tuberculosis compelled a three-year sojourn in Egypt for treatment. Upon his return in 1890, he was invited by Koch to work at the new Institute for Infectious Diseases. There he commenced his work on immunity, having already, while a student, discovered the mast cells in the blood (1877) and then developed the techniques of differential staining which identified the other white cells of the blood. In 1882 he established the diazo reaction in the urine of typhoid patients, and in the same year he identified the acid-fast staining reactions of the tubercle bacillus. He then moved to the study of immunity in infectious disease, which led him to the search for synthetic chemical substances which would act on the causative organism without harming the patient's tissue. The outcome of his specific investigation of syphilis was the discovery of the first two specific chemotherapeutic agents: salvarsan (being the 606th compound to be tested); and the later, but less toxic, neosalvarsan (the 909th). In 1896 he became Director of the State Institute for Serum Research, and in 1906 Director of the new Royal Institute for Experimental Therapy at Frankfurt-am-Main. He received numerous awards and honours from governments and learned societies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology (jointly with E.Metchnikov) 1908.Bibliography1879, "Beiträge für Kentnis der granulierten Bindegewabszellen und der Eosinophilen Leucocythen" Arch. Anat. Physiol. Abt.1914, Paul Ehrlich: eine Darstellung seines wissenschaftlichen Wirkens, Festschrift zum60. Geburtstage des Forschers.Further ReadingM.Marquardt, 1924, Paul Ehrlich als Mensch und Arbeiter.MG -
63 schadend
1. derogating2. derogatory3. doing damage4. harming5. wronging -
64 أخذ بالثأر
أَخْذ بالثَّأر \ reprisal: (an act of) harming sb. as a punishment for harm that he did (when punishment by law would be difficult or impossible): Our aircraft destroyed their ports in reprisal for their attacks on our ships. -
65 انتقام
اِنْتِقام \ reprisal: (an act of) harming sb. as a punishment for harm that he did (when punishment by law would be difficult or impossible): Our aircraft destroyed their ports in reprisal for their attacks on our ships. revenge: satisfying one’s desire to harm sb. in return for harm that he did: We had our revenge on the man who killed our father. vengeance: punishment given in return for some wrong done to oneself. -
66 قصاص
قِصَاص \ penalty: punishment: In some countries, death is the penalty for murder. punishment: punishing; a particular way of punishing: The child was sent to bed as a punishment for telling lies. reprisal: (an act of) harming sb. as a punishment for harm that he did (when punishment by law would be difficult or impossible): Our aircraft destroyed their ports in reprisal for their attacks on our ships. \ See Also عقاب (عِقَاب) -
67 penalty
قِصَاص \ penalty: punishment: In some countries, death is the penalty for murder. punishment: punishing; a particular way of punishing: The child was sent to bed as a punishment for telling lies. reprisal: (an act of) harming sb. as a punishment for harm that he did (when punishment by law would be difficult or impossible): Our aircraft destroyed their ports in reprisal for their attacks on our ships. \ See Also عقاب (عِقَاب) -
68 punishment
قِصَاص \ penalty: punishment: In some countries, death is the penalty for murder. punishment: punishing; a particular way of punishing: The child was sent to bed as a punishment for telling lies. reprisal: (an act of) harming sb. as a punishment for harm that he did (when punishment by law would be difficult or impossible): Our aircraft destroyed their ports in reprisal for their attacks on our ships. \ See Also عقاب (عِقَاب) -
69 reprisal
قِصَاص \ penalty: punishment: In some countries, death is the penalty for murder. punishment: punishing; a particular way of punishing: The child was sent to bed as a punishment for telling lies. reprisal: (an act of) harming sb. as a punishment for harm that he did (when punishment by law would be difficult or impossible): Our aircraft destroyed their ports in reprisal for their attacks on our ships. \ See Also عقاب (عِقَاب) -
70 reprisal
أَخْذ بالثَّأر \ reprisal: (an act of) harming sb. as a punishment for harm that he did (when punishment by law would be difficult or impossible): Our aircraft destroyed their ports in reprisal for their attacks on our ships. -
71 reprisal
اِنْتِقام \ reprisal: (an act of) harming sb. as a punishment for harm that he did (when punishment by law would be difficult or impossible): Our aircraft destroyed their ports in reprisal for their attacks on our ships. revenge: satisfying one’s desire to harm sb. in return for harm that he did: We had our revenge on the man who killed our father. vengeance: punishment given in return for some wrong done to oneself. -
72 revenge
اِنْتِقام \ reprisal: (an act of) harming sb. as a punishment for harm that he did (when punishment by law would be difficult or impossible): Our aircraft destroyed their ports in reprisal for their attacks on our ships. revenge: satisfying one’s desire to harm sb. in return for harm that he did: We had our revenge on the man who killed our father. vengeance: punishment given in return for some wrong done to oneself. -
73 vengeance
اِنْتِقام \ reprisal: (an act of) harming sb. as a punishment for harm that he did (when punishment by law would be difficult or impossible): Our aircraft destroyed their ports in reprisal for their attacks on our ships. revenge: satisfying one’s desire to harm sb. in return for harm that he did: We had our revenge on the man who killed our father. vengeance: punishment given in return for some wrong done to oneself. -
74 μηδείς
μηδείς, μηδεμία, μηδέν (Hom.+.—For μηθέν Ac 27:33; IRo 4:2; 5:3; Hm 2:6, which is found freq. since Aristot. in lit., ins [Meisterhans3-Schw. 258f] and pap [Mayser 180–82], s. B-D-F §33; Mlt-H. 111; Thumb 14. The LXX usage in Thackeray 58–62; EpArist 182).① as adj., pert. to there not being any, no μηδεμία αἰτία Ac 13:28; 28:18. Cp. 25:17; 1 Cor 1:7; 1 Ti 5:14; Hb 10:2.—Used w. another neg. (En 98:3 μηδὲ φρόνησιν μηδεμίαν; Just., D. 110, 2 μηδενὸς μηδέπω καρποῦ…γενομένου; Ath. R. 19 p. 72, 4 μηδεμία μηδαμοῦ…κρίσις) no…at all 2 Cor 6:3; 13:7; 1 Pt 3:6. κατά μηδένα τρόπον (τρόπος 1) 2 Th 2:3.② as subst., a negative ref. to an entity, event, or conditionⓐ μηδείς nobody ἀκούοντες μὲν τ. φωνῆς μηδένα δὲ θεωροῦντες Ac 9:7. μηδενὶ εἴπῃς Mt 8:4; cp. 9:30; 16:20; 17:9; Mk 5:43; 7:36; Lk 3:14; 5:14; 10:4; J 15:24 P66; Ac 11:19; Ro 12:17; 1 Cor 3:18; 10:24; Gal 6:17; Eph 5:6; 1 Ti 4:12; Tit 2:15; Js 1:13; 1J 3:7; Rv 3:11 and oft.—Used w. another neg. nobody at all: Mk 11:14; Ac 4:17.ⓑ μηδέν nothing.α. μηδὲν αἴρειν εἰς (τὴν) ὁδόν Mk 6:8; Lk 9:3. Cp. 6:35; Ac 8:24; 1 Cor 10:25, 27. ἐκ τοῦ μηδενός out of nothing, i.e. for no good reason at all Hm 5, 2, 2.—Used w. another neg. (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 24, 1 μὴ λέγε τοιοῦτον μηδέν=‘anything’; X. Eph. 356, 11 H.) ὅρα μηδενὶ μηδὲν εἴπῃς see to it that you say nothing to anyone Mk 1:44 (cp. ApcMos 3 μὴ εἴπῃς αὐτῷ μηδέν; Just., D. 23, 3 μηδὲν μηδένος ἀποκρινομένου) μηδενὶ μηδὲν ὀφείλετε Ro 13:8. Cp. Phil 1:28.β. as acc. of the inner obj. μηδέν can be rendered not…at all, in no way (Aeschyl., Pla.; also Lucian, Dial. Deor. 2, 4, Tim. 43; PHib 43, 6 [III B.C.]; PAmh 111, 20; 2 Macc 14:28; 3 Macc 3:9; Jos., Ant. 14, 402; Ath. 20, 4 μ. διενηνόχασιν) μηδὲν ὠφεληθεῖσα she received no benefit at all Mk 5:26. μηδὲν βλάψαν αὐτόν without harming him in any way Lk 4:35 (Just., D. 35, 1 μηδὲν…βλάπτεσθαι).—Ac 4:21; 10:20; 11:12; Js 1:6; Rv 2:10 (v.l. μή). μεριμνᾶν Phil 4:6. ὑστερεῖν 2 Cor 11:5. μ. ἐμποδίζειν 1 Cl 20:2. μ. ἐναντιοῦσθαι 61:1. ὅλως μ. διψυχήσῃς don’t be double-minded at all Hs 6, 1, 2; ὅλως μ. σπλαγχνιζόμενος without any compassion at all Hs 6, 3, 2; μ. ἀδικεῖσθαι suffer no harm at all Dg 6:5.γ. μηδὲν εἶναι be nothing = amount to nothing, be a nobody (Soph., Aj. 767, cp. 1231; 1094; Pla., Apol. 41e) Gal 6:3. -
75 ἅπτω
ἅπτω 1 aor. ἧψα, ptc. ἅψας. Mid.: fut. ἅψομαι LXX; 1 aor. ἡψάμην; pf. 3 sg. ἧπται; ptc. ἡμμένος LXX. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. ἀφθήσεται Jer 31:9 B S (Hom.+).① to cause illumination or burning to take place, light, kindle (Aeschyl., Hdt.; PGM 7, 543; POxy 1297, 4; 7; 13; LXX, Joseph.) λύχνον ἅ. (Herodas 8, 6; PAthen 60, 6; Epict. 1, 20, 19; Diog. L. 4, 66; 6, 41; TestSol 6:10 λύχνους; Philo, Gig. 33 [mid.]; Jos., Ant. 3, 199) Lk 8:16; 11:33; 15:8. ἅ. πῦρ kindle a fire (Eur., Hel. 503; Phalaris, Ep. 122, 2; Jdth 13:13; TestSol 7:5; Jos., Ant. 4, 55) Lk 22:55 v.l.; Ac 28:2. Pass. Mk 4:21 v.l. (cp. PGM 13, 683 λύχνους ἡμμένους).② to make close contact, mid. w. gen. (Hom. et al.; En, PsSol, GrBar; Jos., Ant. 6, 308 al; Just., Ath.; Mel., P. 52, 383).ⓐ gener. touch, take hold of, hold τινός someone or someth. Lk 7:39; IRo 5:2. Dg 12:8. MPol 13:2. Hs 1:11; the sky by throwing a stone m 11:18.— Touch someone’s chest, spontaneously, of one who is speaking Hv 1, 4, 2; cp. 3, 1, 6. Cp. GHb 356, 39=ISm 3:2. ἅψαι τοῦ παιδίου take hold of the child GJs 20:3. Fig., take hold of τ. βασιλείας the Kingdom B 7:11.—JBauer, Agraphon 90 Resch: ZNW 62, ’71, 301–3.ⓑ cling to μή μου ἅπτου stop clinging to me! (s. BHaensler, BZ 11, 1913, 172–77; KKastner, ibid. 13, 1915, 344–53; KRösch, ibid. 14, 1917, 333–37; BViolet, ZNW 24, 1925, 78–80; FPerles, ibid. 25, 1926, 287; WCotter, ET 43, ’32, 45f; TNicklin, ibid. 51, ’39/40, 478; JMaiworm, ThGl ’38, 540–46) J 20:17 (Arrian, Anab. 6, 13, 3: Alexander is severely wounded in the chest by an arrow and his soldiers cannot believe that he is still alive. When he appears among them, recovered from his wound, they take hold [ἁπτόμενοι] of his hands, knees, and clothing in astonishment and delight).ⓒ freq. of touching as a means of conveying a blessing (divine working by a touch of the hand: Anton. Lib. 4, 7 Ἀπόλλων ἁψάμενος αὐτοῦ τῇ χειρὶ πέτρον ἐποίησεν; Ps.-Apollod. 2, 1, 3, 1 Zeus transforms by touching [ἅπτεσθαι]) Mk 10:13; Lk 18:15 (here perh. hold), esp. to bring about a healing (SIG 1169, 62). Gener. of touching persons who are ill Mt 8:3; 17:7; Mk 1:41; 8:22; Lk 5:13. ἅψαι αὐτῆς ἐκ τ. χειρῶν σου Mk 5:23 D. Esp. of touching parts of the body (SIG 1170, 23 ἥψατό μου τῆς δεξιᾶς χιρός) τ. γλώσσης (cp. Philo, De Prov. in Eus., PE 8, 14, 18) Mk 7:33. τ. ὀφθαλμῶν Mt 9:29; cp. 20:34; 8:15; Lk 22:51. Likew. τῆς σοροῦ touch the coffin, if the purpose was to raise the dead man, not simply to halt the bearers (cp. Aphrodite touching a chariot Pind., P. 9, 11) Lk 7:14. Of those who are ill, touching the healer Mk 3:10; 6:56; Lk 6:19; 8:45ff. Also of touching the clothes of the healer (cp. Athen. 5, 212f ἑκάστου σπεύδοντος κἂν προσάψασθαι τῆς ἐσθῆτος) ἅ. τ. ἱματίου touch his cloak Mt 9:21; Mk 5:27; 6:56. τ. ἱματίων 5:28, 30f. τ. κρασπέδου the hem or tassel Mt 9:20; 14:36; Lk 8:44.③ to partake of someth., w. cultic implications, have contact with, touch. Of contact w. unclean things 2 Cor 6:17 (Num 16:26; Is 52:11). The abs. μὴ ἅψῃ you must not touch or handle Col 2:21 can be interpreted in this sense. On the other hand, ἅπτεσθαι can mean eat, like our ‘touch food’ (Od. 4, 60; Plut., Anton. 923 [17]; Chariton 6, 2, 8 οὐχ ἥπτετο τροφῆς; Arrian, Anab. 4, 9, 5 σίτου ἅπτεσθαι; Aelian, VH 12, 37 ἐπʼ ἀπορίᾳ τροφῶν ἥψατο τῶν καμήλων=he seized [and ate] the camels; Diog. L. 6, 73 κρεῶν; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 3, 27 p. 105, 9; Philo, Exs. 134; Jos., Ant. 4, 234; 8, 362; 13, 276; En 25:4f [tree of life, as in GrBar 4:8]). We would, then, have in this passage the anticlimax eat, taste, touch. Finally, θιγγάνω, like ἅπτ. and γεύομαι (q.v. 1) can mean eat (cp. Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 31, 191 κυάμων μὴ θιγγάνειν; 13, 61 γεύεσθαι=Porphyr., Vi. Pyth. 24 θιγγάνειν; POxy 1185, 10f [c. 200 A.D.], where three difft. expr. for ‘eat’ are grouped together: τὸν παῖδα δεῖ ἄρτον ἐσθίειν, ἅλας ἐπιτρώγειν, ὀψαρίου μὴ θιγγάνειν [eat, eat [with], not eat at all]). The combination ἐσθ., τρωγ., θιγγ. might corresp. to Col 2:21 ἅπτ., γεύ., θιγγ., taken to mean eat, enjoy, consume (ἅ. and γεύ. together, both=‘eat’ in Teles p. 34, 5). The verbs, perh. used in association w. var. foods (s. POxy 1185) by the false spirits, are effectively combined by Paul, in order to picture the feeling of dread which he castigates.④ to touch intimately, have sexual contact, of intercourse w. a woman (Pla., Leg. 8, 840a; Aristot., Pol. 7, 14, 12 [1335b]; Plut., Alex. 676 [21, 9]; M. Ant. 1, 17, 13; Jos., Ant. 1, 163; Gen 20:6; Pr 6:29) γυναικὸς μὴ ἅ. 1 Cor 7:1 (ἅπτεσθαι w. gen. of ‘touching’ a woman in general: Vi. Aesopi G103).⑤ to make contact with a view to causing harm, touch for the purpose of harming, injure (Diod S 1, 84, 1; Arrian, Alex. Anab. 4, 4, 2; Ps 104:15; 1 Ch 16:22; Zech 2:12; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 7 Jac.) ὁ πονηρὸς οὐχ ἅπτεται αὐτοῦ the evil one cannot harm him (or cannot even touch him; cp. 1 Esdr 4:28; PsSol 13:6; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 11 [Stone p. 40]) 1J 5:18.—Fig. οὐχ ἅψηται σου κακόν no evil shall touch you 1 Cl 56:8 (Job 5:19; cp. PsSol 13:6; 15:4).—OHeick, Hapto in the NT: Luth. Church Quart. 12, ’39, 90–95.—B. 76; 1061. DELG. M-M s.v. ἅπτομαι. TW. Sv. -
76 ἐφίστημι
ἐφίστημι (s. ἵστημι; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 17:2; EpArist, Joseph.; Just. [‘pay attention’ D. 28, 1]; Ath.) fut. ἐπιστήσω; 1 aor. ἐπέστησα LXX; 2 aor. ἐπέστην, impv. ἐπίστηθι, ptc. ἐπιστάς; pf. ἐφέστηκα LXX, ptc. ἐφεστώς; plpf. 3 sg. ἐφειστήκει LXX; mid. 3 sg. indic. ἐπίσταται 1 Th 5:3 v.l. (on the form s. W-S. §5, 10c); 1 aor. pass. ἐπεστάθην 1 Cl 12:4; Hv 3, 1, 6. This aor. pass. can have mid. mng. (Eur., Iph. T. 1375 al.) and as a rule the mid. has, like the 2 aor., pf. and plpf. act., intransitive sense; it is only this intr. sense that is found for ἐφίστημι in our lit.① to stand at or near a specific place, stand at/near, of living entities and oft. w. connotation of suddenness, pres. and aor. w. dat. of pers. Lk 2:9; 24:4 (of angels, as Diod S 1, 25, 5 of Isis in a dream; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 17, 1 of Hephaestus; SIG 1168, 37 ὁ θεὸς ἐπιστάς; TestSol 1:8 ἐν ᾗ ἂν ὥρᾳ ἐπιστῇ σοι τὸ δαιμόνιον; Jos., Ant. 3, 188. Of a figure in a dream Hdt. 5, 56); Ac 4:1; 12:7 D; 23:11. ἐπεστάθη μοι she approached me Hv 3, 1, 6. ἐπί τι approach or stand by someth. (Sir 41:24) Ac 10:17; 11:11. ἐπάνω τινός stand at someone’s head Lk 4:39 (cp. 2 Km 1:9). περιστερὰ … ἐπεστάθη ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ Ἰωσήφ a dove … perched on the head of Joseph GJs 9:1 (ἐπετάσθη v.l.). Abs. (EpArist 177) Lk 2:38; 10:40; 20:1; Ac 6:12; 12:7; 22:13; 23:27; 1 Cl 12:4; MPol 6:1; GJs 4:1 v.l.; AcPl Ha 4, 8.—Perf. stand by, be present αὐτὸς ἤμην ἐφεστώς I (myself) was standing by Ac 22:20 (cp. Jos., Vi. 294).② to happen, esp. of misfortunes, which (suddenly) come upon someone, happen to, overtake, befall (Soph., Oed. R. 777; Thu. 3, 82, 2; LXX) w. dat. of pers. (cp. Cornutus 10 p. 11, 17; Wsd 6:8; 19:1) αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς ἐφίσταται ὄλεθρος 1 Th 5:3. ἐπί τινα Lk 21:34.—DDaube, The Sudden in the Scriptures ’64, 36.③ to come near with intention of harming, attack w. dat. of thing τῇ οἰκίᾳ Ἰ. Ac 17:5.④ to be present to begin someth., begin, come on perf. διὰ τ. ὑετὸν τὸν ἐφεστῶτα because it had begun to rain Ac 28:2 (Polyb. 18, 20, 7 διὰ τὸν ἐφεστῶτα ζόφον). But the mng. here could also be because it threatened to rain (s. 6).⑤ to be present in readiness to discharge a task, fix one’s mind on, be attentive to (Eur., Andr. 547; Demosth. 18, 60) ἐπίστηθι stand by = be ready, be on hand, be persistent 2 Ti 4:2.⑥ to be before one as an event about to occur, be imminent perf. (Il. 12, 326; Demosth. 18, 176; Jos., Ant. 13, 241, Vi. 137 al.) ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ἐφέστηκεν the time of my departure is imminent 2 Ti 4:6. For Ac 28:2 s. 4.⑦ to stand over someth. as leader or overseer, be over, be in charge of perf. (Eur., Aristoph. et al.: Jdth 8:10; 12:11; Synes., Ep. 140 p. 276b ὁ ἐφεστὼς θεός; Just., D. 36, 6; Ath. 12, 1; 31, 2) εἴς τι: οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ εἰς τὴν οἱκοδομὴν ἐφεστῶτες the men who were in charge of the construction Hs 9, 6, 2.—M-M. TW. -
77 Maniyεwo
Akan nicknamethe kinsman is harming you -
78 Yεkwa
Akan nicknameharming in vain -
79 bozma
"1. spoiling, ruining; harming, damaging; marring; impairing. 2. a version of, a person or thing who or which reminds one of (another person or thing); /dan/ (someone, something) who or which is a version of, who or which reminds one of (another person or thing) (used pejoratively): medrese bozması bir okul a school reminiscent of a madrasah; bu şair bozmaları these would-be poets; ambardan bozma bir ev a barn of a house." -
80 hain
"1. traitorous; treacherous, perfidious. 2. traitor. 3. (someone) who takes pleasure in harming someone, malicious. 4. You rat!/You devil! (said in friendly protest). 5. devilish, mischievous."
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