-
1 adopteren
v. adopt, form a relationship with another person (as in to take a child as one's own); choose to make one's own (of an idea, name, etc.) -
2 relación
f.1 relation, association, relationship, connection.2 relation, treatment, intercourse, dealing.3 acquaintance, relation.4 account, recitation, narration, recital.5 report, recountal.6 friendship.7 relative, member of the family, relation.* * *1 (correspondencia) relation, relationship■ una relación amistosa a friendship, a friendly relationship2 (conexión) link, connection3 (lista) list, record4 (relato) account, telling5 (en matemática) ratio1 (conocidos) acquaintances; (contactos) contacts, connections\con relación a / en relación a with regard to, regardingestar en buenas relaciones con alguien to be on good terms with somebodyestar en relación con alguien to be in contact with somebodyhacer relación a algo to refer to somethingtener buenas relaciones to be well connectedtener relaciones con alguien (salir) to go out with somebodyrelación de compresión TÉCNICA compression ratiorelaciones diplomáticas diplomatic relationsrelaciones públicas public relationsrelaciones sexuales sexual relations* * *noun f.1) relation2) relationship3) account4) connection5) liaison•- relación sexual* * *SF1) (=vínculo) connectionno existe ninguna relación entre los dos accidentes — there is no connection between the two accidents
existe una relación entre el tabaco y el cáncer — there is a connection o relation o relationship between cigarettes and cancer
•
guardar o tener relación con algo — [suceso] to be connected with sth, be related to sth; [persona] to be connected with sthno guardar relación (alguna) con algo — (=no parecerse) to bear no relation (whatsoever) to sth; (=no estar relacionado) to have no connection o relation (at all) with sth
relación calidad/precio — value for money
tener buena relación calidad/precio — to be good value for money
2)• con relación a, en relación a o con — (=comparado con) compared to, compared with; (=en lo referente a) with regard to, in connection with
un aumento del 3% con relación al año anterior — an increase of 3% over o compared to o compared with the previous year
con relación a la encuesta publicada por este periódico — with regard to o in connection with the survey published by this newspaper
3) (=entre personas)a) [en el momento presente] relations pl¿cómo es su relación o son sus relaciones con su jefe? — how are relations between you and your boss?
•
estar en o mantener buenas relaciones con — [+ persona] to be on good terms with; [+ organización] to have good relations with•
romper las relaciones con — [+ país, organización] to break off relations with; [+ familiar, amigo] to break off all contact withb) [de larga duración] relationship¿cómo eran las relaciones con su padre? — what was your relationship with your father like?
tenía una relación de amistad con algunos de sus alumnos — he had a friendly relationship with some of his students
¿sigues manteniendo las relaciones con tus antiguos compañeros de universidad? — do you still keep in touch with people from your university days?
4) [con empresa, organización] connection¿tiene alguna relación con esa empresa? — do you have any connection with that company?
ha sido detenido por sus relaciones con la Mafia — he has been arrested because of his connections with the Mafia
relaciones laborales — labour relations, labor relations (EEUU)
relaciones públicas — (=actividad) public relations, PR; (=profesional) public relations officer, PR officer
5) (tb: relación amorosa) relationshipno veían con buenos ojos sus relaciones con una extranjera — they did not view his relationship with a foreign woman favourably
mantener o tener relaciones sexuales con algn — [de forma esporádica] to have sex with sb; [de forma continuada] to be in a sexual relationship with sb
relaciones prematrimoniales — premarital sex, sex before marriage
7) (=referencia)•
hacer relación a algo — to refer to sthtener (buenas) relaciones — to be well connected, have good contacts o connections
9) (Mat) (=proporción) ratiolos superan numéricamente en una relación 46-36% — they outnumber them by a ratio of 46-36%
10) frm (=narración) account•
hacer una relación de algo — to give an account of sth11) (=lista) listla relación de aprobados se publicará en marzo — the list of those who have passed will be issued in March
el usuario dispone, junto a la factura telefónica, de una relación de sus llamadas — the customer receives, together with the telephone bill, a breakdown of calls made
12) (Jur) (=informe) record, (official) return* * *1)a) ( conexión) connectioncon relación a or en relación con — ( con respecto a) in connection with; ( en comparación con) relative to
en relación con su carta... — with regard to o regarding your letter...
b) ( correspondencia)en una relación de diez a uno — (Mat) in a ratio of ten to one
2)a) ( trato)relaciones diplomáticas/comerciales — diplomatic/trade relations
es nulo en lo que respecta a las relaciones humanas — he's hopeless when it comes to dealing with people
b) relaciones femenino plural ( influencias) contacts (pl), connections (pl)3)a) ( exposición) accountb) ( lista) list* * *= association, chaining, connection [connexion], connectivity, dealing, interaction, interplay, involvement, link, ratio, relation, relationship, relationship link, relatedness, alliance, liaison, exposure, tie, tie-up.Ex. It is possible and convenient to select a viewpoint on the scope, associations and labels for subjects which coincides with the way in which subjects are handled in the literature.Ex. The information seeking patterns of a variety of academic social scientists were broken down into 6 characteristics: starting; chaining; browsing; differentiating; monitoring; and extracting.Ex. Access is via modified television set, a telephone (and its connections) and a simple keypad.Ex. An information system architecture defines a structure for describing communications connectivity between users of information and sources of information.Ex. The most serious problem for librarians in their dealings with media materials is the massive multiplication of formats, making it difficult for librarians to decide what to buy in what format.Ex. One trend for the future is likely to be the development of hosts which are designed for interaction with the end user.Ex. In the case of the book, it is the interplay of such multifarious trends that will determine its destiny.Ex. Clearly, anyone having any dealings at all with the CAP needs a general understanding of how the system works, at a level which is appropriate to their involvement.Ex. Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.Ex. The microfiche is a common form for catalogues and indexes, usually 208 or 270 frames per fiche, in a piece of film and with a reduction ratio of 42 or 48:1.Ex. The catalogue often forms the basis for co-operation and good relations between the libraries in a region.Ex. Related works are separately catalogued works that have a relationship to another work.Ex. The bibliographic record for the volume is also a monographic record, but with a series entry and a relationship link to the bibliographic record for the series as a whole.Ex. The frequency of co-occurrence of articles from different subfields in selected periodicals is used for measuring the degree of relatedness between these subfields.Ex. This type of alliance is already evident in countries like Thailand, where library science students and educators have been actively involved in writing and illustrating children's books.Ex. It is important to make sure that there is close liaison between the cataloguing department and the order department, otherwise cards are liable to be ordered twice or in insufficient quantity to meet the total demand.Ex. This article also examines the need for exposure to AI by all students in order to become familiar with capabilities and limitations of AI-based systems.Ex. Eastern European countries longing for western scientific ties have wanted to participate in the Internet for a long time, but were excluded by government regulations.Ex. The report of findings may consist simply of a few pages, or be a trends and proposals report, or may suggest tie-ups with other groups.----* beneficios en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).* bloque funcional de relaciones entre registros = linking entry block.* buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.* buscar el origen de la relación entre = trace + the relationship between.* campaña de relaciones públicas = public relations campaign.* campo de relación = linking field.* con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.* crear relaciones = structure + relationships.* definir relaciones = structure + relationships.* de segunda importancia en relación con = secondary to.* diagrama de relaciones = relationship display.* encargado de relaciones públicas = public liaison.* en relación a = as for.* en relación con = in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with.* en relación proporcional con = in proportion to.* entablar relaciones = enter into + relations, enter into + relationships, build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations.* entablar relaciones comerciales = transact.* entablar relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.* estrechar la relación = strengthen + links.* estropear una relación = poison + a relationship.* fortalecer la relación = strengthen + links.* ganancias en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).* grado de relación = relatedness measure.* guardar relación con = bear + relation to, stand in + relation to, stand in + relationship to, bear + relationship to, be commensurate with.* guardar una relación directamente proporcional = vary + proportionately.* guardar una relación inversamente proporcional = vary + inversely.* hacer una relación de = list.* indicador de relación = relation indicator, relational operator, role operator.* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cubo = inverse cube law.* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.* mejor relación calidad-precio, la = best value for money, the.* negar tener relación con = disclaim + connection with.* no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.* número de relación = linking number.* operador de relación = link, relational operator, linking device.* persona encargada de las relaciones públicas = PR man [PR men, -pl.].* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.* que guarde relación con = in keeping with.* relación "es un tipo de" = is-a relationship.* relación afín = affinitive relationship.* relación amorosa = love affair.* relación ascendente = upward reference.* relación asociativa = associative relation, collateral link, collateral reference.* relación calidad-precio = price-performance ratio.* relación causa-efecto = cause-effect relation, causal relationship.* relación clase-tipo = type-token ratio.* relación comparativa = comparative relation.* relación consecutiva = consecutive relation.* relación contractual = contractual relationship.* relación coordinada = coordinate relation.* relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relación de aplicación = bias relation.* relación de confianza = trusting relationship.* relación de contenido = contents notes.* relación de equivalencia = equivalence relationship.* relación de inclusión = part-whole relation.* relación de poder = power relationship.* relación de preferencia = preferential relation, preferential relationship.* relación descendente = downward reference.* relación de trabajo = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.* relación directa = direct relationship, linear relationship, linear relation.* relación directamente proporcional significativa = significant direct relationship.* relación directa significativa = significant direct relationship.* relación entre compañeros = peer interaction.* relación entre cuasisinónimos = near-synonymous relationship.* relaciones = intercourse.* relaciones comerciales = business dealings, commercial relations, trade relations.* relaciones de género = gender relations.* relaciones de poder = power relations.* relaciones diplomáticas = diplomatic relations.* relaciones entre hombres y mujeres = gender relations.* relaciones humanas = human relations, human relationships.* relaciones industriales = industrial relations.* relaciones jerárquicas = role relationships.* relaciones laborales = labour relations, employment relations.* relación específica = downward reference.* relaciones prematrimoniales = premarital sex.* relaciones públicas = public relations (PR), PR activities, public relations exercise, public liaison.* relaciones sexuales = sexual intercourse, intercourse.* relaciones sexuales promiscuas = casual sex(ual) encounters, casual sex.* relaciones sociales = social relations.* relación estrecha = close contact.* relación formal = formal relation.* relación genérica = generic relation, generic relationship, upwards link, upward reference.* relación género/especie = genus/species relationship.* relación internacional = international relation.* relación interracial = interracial relationship.* relación inversa = inverse relationship.* relación inversamente proporcional significativa = inverse relationship, significant inverse relationship.* relación inversa significativa = significant inverse relationship.* relación jerárquica = hierarchical relation, hierarchical relationship.* relación laboral = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.* relación negativa = negative relationship.* relación parte-todo = whole/part relationship, whole-part relationship.* relación positiva = positive relationship.* relación semántica = semantic relation, semantic relationship.* relación sexual = sexual relationship.* relación sexual sin protección = unprotected sex.* relación simbiótica = symbiotic relationship.* relación sintáctica = syntactic relation, syntactic relationship, syntactical relationship.* relativo a la relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit, cost-benefit.* romper una relación = break off + relationship, sever + connection.* sin relación = unrelated, unconnected.* sin relación con = unrelated to.* sociología de las relaciones industriales = industrial sociology, sociology of industrial relations.* tener relación con = have + bearing on.* tener relaciones amorosas = have + an affair.* tener relaciones con = have + dealings with.* tener relaciones sexuales con = have + intercourse with.* * *1)a) ( conexión) connectioncon relación a or en relación con — ( con respecto a) in connection with; ( en comparación con) relative to
en relación con su carta... — with regard to o regarding your letter...
b) ( correspondencia)en una relación de diez a uno — (Mat) in a ratio of ten to one
2)a) ( trato)relaciones diplomáticas/comerciales — diplomatic/trade relations
es nulo en lo que respecta a las relaciones humanas — he's hopeless when it comes to dealing with people
b) relaciones femenino plural ( influencias) contacts (pl), connections (pl)3)a) ( exposición) accountb) ( lista) list* * *= association, chaining, connection [connexion], connectivity, dealing, interaction, interplay, involvement, link, ratio, relation, relationship, relationship link, relatedness, alliance, liaison, exposure, tie, tie-up.Ex: It is possible and convenient to select a viewpoint on the scope, associations and labels for subjects which coincides with the way in which subjects are handled in the literature.
Ex: The information seeking patterns of a variety of academic social scientists were broken down into 6 characteristics: starting; chaining; browsing; differentiating; monitoring; and extracting.Ex: Access is via modified television set, a telephone (and its connections) and a simple keypad.Ex: An information system architecture defines a structure for describing communications connectivity between users of information and sources of information.Ex: The most serious problem for librarians in their dealings with media materials is the massive multiplication of formats, making it difficult for librarians to decide what to buy in what format.Ex: One trend for the future is likely to be the development of hosts which are designed for interaction with the end user.Ex: In the case of the book, it is the interplay of such multifarious trends that will determine its destiny.Ex: Clearly, anyone having any dealings at all with the CAP needs a general understanding of how the system works, at a level which is appropriate to their involvement.Ex: Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.Ex: The microfiche is a common form for catalogues and indexes, usually 208 or 270 frames per fiche, in a piece of film and with a reduction ratio of 42 or 48:1.Ex: The catalogue often forms the basis for co-operation and good relations between the libraries in a region.Ex: Related works are separately catalogued works that have a relationship to another work.Ex: The bibliographic record for the volume is also a monographic record, but with a series entry and a relationship link to the bibliographic record for the series as a whole.Ex: The frequency of co-occurrence of articles from different subfields in selected periodicals is used for measuring the degree of relatedness between these subfields.Ex: This type of alliance is already evident in countries like Thailand, where library science students and educators have been actively involved in writing and illustrating children's books.Ex: It is important to make sure that there is close liaison between the cataloguing department and the order department, otherwise cards are liable to be ordered twice or in insufficient quantity to meet the total demand.Ex: This article also examines the need for exposure to AI by all students in order to become familiar with capabilities and limitations of AI-based systems.Ex: Eastern European countries longing for western scientific ties have wanted to participate in the Internet for a long time, but were excluded by government regulations.Ex: The report of findings may consist simply of a few pages, or be a trends and proposals report, or may suggest tie-ups with other groups.* beneficios en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).* bloque funcional de relaciones entre registros = linking entry block.* buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.* buscar el origen de la relación entre = trace + the relationship between.* campaña de relaciones públicas = public relations campaign.* campo de relación = linking field.* con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.* crear relaciones = structure + relationships.* definir relaciones = structure + relationships.* de segunda importancia en relación con = secondary to.* diagrama de relaciones = relationship display.* encargado de relaciones públicas = public liaison.* en relación a = as for.* en relación con = in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with.* en relación proporcional con = in proportion to.* entablar relaciones = enter into + relations, enter into + relationships, build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations.* entablar relaciones comerciales = transact.* entablar relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.* estrechar la relación = strengthen + links.* estropear una relación = poison + a relationship.* fortalecer la relación = strengthen + links.* ganancias en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).* grado de relación = relatedness measure.* guardar relación con = bear + relation to, stand in + relation to, stand in + relationship to, bear + relationship to, be commensurate with.* guardar una relación directamente proporcional = vary + proportionately.* guardar una relación inversamente proporcional = vary + inversely.* hacer una relación de = list.* indicador de relación = relation indicator, relational operator, role operator.* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cubo = inverse cube law.* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.* mejor relación calidad-precio, la = best value for money, the.* negar tener relación con = disclaim + connection with.* no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.* número de relación = linking number.* operador de relación = link, relational operator, linking device.* persona encargada de las relaciones públicas = PR man [PR men, -pl.].* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.* que guarde relación con = in keeping with.* relación "es un tipo de" = is-a relationship.* relación afín = affinitive relationship.* relación amorosa = love affair.* relación ascendente = upward reference.* relación asociativa = associative relation, collateral link, collateral reference.* relación calidad-precio = price-performance ratio.* relación causa-efecto = cause-effect relation, causal relationship.* relación clase-tipo = type-token ratio.* relación comparativa = comparative relation.* relación consecutiva = consecutive relation.* relación contractual = contractual relationship.* relación coordinada = coordinate relation.* relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relación de aplicación = bias relation.* relación de confianza = trusting relationship.* relación de contenido = contents notes.* relación de equivalencia = equivalence relationship.* relación de inclusión = part-whole relation.* relación de poder = power relationship.* relación de preferencia = preferential relation, preferential relationship.* relación descendente = downward reference.* relación de trabajo = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.* relación directa = direct relationship, linear relationship, linear relation.* relación directamente proporcional significativa = significant direct relationship.* relación directa significativa = significant direct relationship.* relación entre compañeros = peer interaction.* relación entre cuasisinónimos = near-synonymous relationship.* relaciones = intercourse.* relaciones comerciales = business dealings, commercial relations, trade relations.* relaciones de género = gender relations.* relaciones de poder = power relations.* relaciones diplomáticas = diplomatic relations.* relaciones entre hombres y mujeres = gender relations.* relaciones humanas = human relations, human relationships.* relaciones industriales = industrial relations.* relaciones jerárquicas = role relationships.* relaciones laborales = labour relations, employment relations.* relación específica = downward reference.* relaciones prematrimoniales = premarital sex.* relaciones públicas = public relations (PR), PR activities, public relations exercise, public liaison.* relaciones sexuales = sexual intercourse, intercourse.* relaciones sexuales promiscuas = casual sex(ual) encounters, casual sex.* relaciones sociales = social relations.* relación estrecha = close contact.* relación formal = formal relation.* relación genérica = generic relation, generic relationship, upwards link, upward reference.* relación género/especie = genus/species relationship.* relación internacional = international relation.* relación interracial = interracial relationship.* relación inversa = inverse relationship.* relación inversamente proporcional significativa = inverse relationship, significant inverse relationship.* relación inversa significativa = significant inverse relationship.* relación jerárquica = hierarchical relation, hierarchical relationship.* relación laboral = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.* relación negativa = negative relationship.* relación parte-todo = whole/part relationship, whole-part relationship.* relación positiva = positive relationship.* relación semántica = semantic relation, semantic relationship.* relación sexual = sexual relationship.* relación sexual sin protección = unprotected sex.* relación simbiótica = symbiotic relationship.* relación sintáctica = syntactic relation, syntactic relationship, syntactical relationship.* relativo a la relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit, cost-benefit.* romper una relación = break off + relationship, sever + connection.* sin relación = unrelated, unconnected.* sin relación con = unrelated to.* sociología de las relaciones industriales = industrial sociology, sociology of industrial relations.* tener relación con = have + bearing on.* tener relaciones amorosas = have + an affair.* tener relaciones con = have + dealings with.* tener relaciones sexuales con = have + intercourse with.* * *A1 (conexión) connectionesto no tiene or no guarda ninguna relación con los hechos this has no connection with o bears no relation to the factsexiste una relación entre los dos sucesos there is a connection o link between the two eventscon relación a or en relación con (con respecto a) in connection with; (en comparación con) relative toen relación con su carta de fecha … in connection with o with regard to your letter dated …hubo un descenso con relación al año anterior there was a decrease relative to the previous year2tiene una excelente relación calidad-precio it is excellent value for moneyuna relación causa-efecto a relationship of cause and effectCompuesto:equivalence relationB1(trato): ha establecido una buena relación con él she has built up a good relationship with himrelaciones amistosas/sexuales friendly/sexual relationsrelaciones prematrimoniales premarital sextuvo relaciones amorosas con una famosa actriz he had an affair with a famous actressmantienen relaciones formales desde hace años they have been courting for yearssiempre ha tenido muy buenas relaciones con su jefe she has always had o enjoyed a very good relationship with her bossahora estoy en buenas relaciones con él I'm on good terms with him nowrelaciones comerciales trading o trade relationshan roto las relaciones diplomáticas they have broken off diplomatic relationses nulo en lo que respecta a las relaciones humanas he's hopeless when it comes to dealing with people o when it comes to the human side of thingslas relaciones entre padres e hijos the relationship between parents and their childrentiene buenas relaciones en la empresa he has some good contacts o connections in the companyCompuestos:fpl foreign affairs (pl)C1 (exposición) accounthizo una detallada relación de los hechos she gave a detailed account of the facts2 (lista) list* * *
relación sustantivo femenino
1
con relación a or en relación con ( con respecto a) in connection with;
( en comparación con) relative to;◊ en relación con su carta … with regard to o regarding your letter …b) ( correspondencia):
una relación causa-efecto a relationship of cause and effect
2
estoy en buenas relaciones con él I'm on good terms with himb)
(trato comercial, diplomático) relations (pl);
( trato carnal) sex;
relaciones prematrimoniales premarital sex;
relaciones públicas ( actividad) public relations (pl);
( persona) public relations officer;
(de cantante, artista) PR;
3
relación sustantivo femenino
1 (entre personas) relationship: no tengo relación alguna con ellos, I don't maintain any form of contact with them
estar en buenas relaciones con alguien, to be on good terms with sb
tener relaciones influyentes, to have good contacts
2 (entre ideas o cosas) connection, relation
con relación a su pregunta, regarding your question
3 (de nombres, elementos, etc) list
4 (de un hecho o situación) account: la relación de los hechos es algo confusa, the description of the facts is somewhat confusing
5 Mat ratio, proportion
6 relaciones públicas, (actividad) public relations
(persona) public relations officer
' relación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ajena
- ajeno
- causa
- cimentar
- comercio
- con
- consonancia
- cortar
- definitivamente
- desconectarse
- enlace
- enrarecerse
- entrañable
- escarceo
- extramatrimonial
- hermandad
- intimidad
- laboral
- lazo
- murmuración
- paréntesis
- proporción
- regañar
- relucir
- rencilla
- romperse
- salir
- sexo
- tambalearse
- tempestuosa
- tempestuoso
- tirantez
- trabajada
- trabajado
- tratar
- tratarse
- trato
- ver
- vendedor
- vendedora
- asfixiante
- asunto
- aventura
- clandestino
- comunicación
- conexión
- conocer
- consolidar
- correspondencia
- desgastar
English:
association
- bearing
- blossom
- breakup
- bust up
- close
- commensurate
- connect
- connected
- connection
- damage
- fall apart
- intimate
- involvement
- liaison
- money
- of
- pertinent
- record
- relation
- relationship
- rob
- stormy
- strain
- strained
- strengthen
- terminate
- to
- two-timer
- unrelated
- value
- walk out
- acquaintance
- disclaim
- further
- involve
- irrelevant
- obviously
- put
- rapport
- re
- reference
- regard
- relevance
- unconnected
* * *♦ nf1. [nexo] relation, connection;con relación a, en relación con in relation to, with regard to;no hay ninguna relación entre los dos secuestros the two kidnappings are unrelated o unconnected;guardar relación con algo to be related to sth;no guardar relación con algo to bear no relation to sth;relación calidad-precio value for money;2. [comunicación, trato] relations, relationship;mantener relaciones con alguien to keep in touch with sb;relaciones comerciales [vínculos] business links; [comercio] trade;relaciones diplomáticas diplomatic relations;han roto las relaciones diplomáticas they have broken off diplomatic relations;relaciones internacionales international relations;relaciones laborales industrial relations;relación de pareja: [m5] los problemas de las relaciones de pareja relationship problems;dice que no necesita de la relación de pareja she says she doesn't need to be in a relationship with anybody;relaciones de parentesco kinship;relaciones personales personal relationships;relaciones públicas [actividad] public relations, PR3. [lista] list4. [descripción] account5. [informe] report6.relaciones [noviazgo] relationship;llevan cinco años de relaciones they've been going out together for five years;un cursillo sobre las relaciones de pareja a course on being in a relationship;relaciones prematrimoniales premarital sex;mantener relaciones prematrimoniales to have premarital sex;relaciones sexuales sexual relations7.relaciones [contactos] contacts, connections;tener buenas relaciones to be well connected8. Mat ratio♦ nmf invrelaciones públicas [persona] public relations officer, PR officer* * *f1 relationship;la relación calidad-precio es muy buena it’s good value for money;relación causa-efecto cause and effect relationship;mantener relaciones (amorosas) con alguien have an affair with s.o.2 ( conexión) relation;no guardar relación con bear no relation to;con oen relación a with o in relation to* * *1) : relation, connection, relevance2) : relationship3) relato: account4) lista: list5)en relación con : in relation to, concerning6)relacionespúblicas : public relations* * *relación n1. (trato) relationship2. (correspondencia, unión) connectioncon relación a / en relación con with regard to / in relation to -
3 Beziehung
f1. (Zusammenhang) von Dingen: relation (zu to), relationship (with, to); connection (with, to); wechselseitige Beziehung interrelationship; in ( direkter) Beziehung zu jemandem / etw. stehen be (directly) connected to ( oder with) s.o. / s.th., be linked to s.o. / s.th., auch have a (direct) relation to s.o. / s.th.; etw. mit etw. in Beziehung bringen oder etw. zu etw. in Beziehung setzen relate s.th. to s.th, see ( oder establish) a link between s.th.2. (Hinsicht): in dieser Beziehung from that point of view, in that respect; (in diesem Zusammenhang) in this connection; in mancher Beziehung in some ways ( oder respects); in gewisser Beziehung in a way; in jeder Beziehung in every way ( oder respect); in Beziehung auf (+ Akk) with regard to, as far as... goes ( oder is concerned); in politischer Beziehung politically (speaking), in political terms; in wirtschaftlicher Beziehung (seen) in economic terms, seen from an economic point of view3. mit Partner oder Partnerin: relationship (zu with, to); (Affäre) affair; mit Paula hatte ich eine sehr schöne Beziehung I had a lovely (Am. auch great) relationship with Paula; in ihrer Beziehung kriselt es she is having problems in her relationship ( oder with her partner)4. Pl.a) (Verbindungen) connections Pl. (with, to); (Kontakt) contact (with), contacts Pl. (with, to); menschliche / diplomatische Beziehungen human / diplomatic relations; wirtschaftliche Beziehungen economic relations ( oder contacts); mit einem Staat wirtschaftliche / polititsche Beziehungen aufnehmen / abbrechen establish / break off economic / political relations ( oder contact) with a country; gute Beziehungen zu jemandem haben oder in guter Beziehung zu jemandem stehen be on good terms with s.o.;b) zu höheren Stellen etc.: gute Beziehungen haben have good ( oder the right) connections, know the right people umg.; du brauchst Beziehungen you need connections, you’ve got to know the right people umg.; er hat es durch Beziehungen bekommen he got it through contacts, he got it through knowing the right people; seine Beziehungen spielen lassen pull a few strings5. (innere Beziehung, Verhältnis, Verständnis) relationship (zu to); affinity (for, to); feeling (for); understanding (of); zur Kunst etc.: auch appreciation (for, of); ich habe keine Beziehung zur Musik auch I can’t relate to music, music doesn’t mean anything ( oder means nothing) to me; ich habe keine Beziehung zu ihm (Menschen, Tier) I can’t relate to him, I feel no affinity for ( oder towards) him, I can’t warm to him* * *die Beziehungrelationship; relation; esteem; bearing; respect; reference; association; regard; relational; relatedness* * *Be|zie|hungf1) (= Verhältnis) relationship; (PHILOS, MATH) relation2) usu pl (= Kontakt) relations pldiplomatische Bezíéhungen aufnehmen/abbrechen — to establish/break off diplomatic relations
intime Bezíéhungen zu jdm haben — to have intimate relations with sb
menschliche Bezíéhungen — human relations or intercourse
3) (= Zusammenhang) connection (zu with), relationetw zu etw in Bezíéhung setzen — to relate sth to sth
zwischen den beiden Dingen besteht keinerlei Bezíéhung — there is absolutely no connection between the two (things), the two (things) are totally unconnected or unrelated
in keiner Bezíéhung zueinander stehen — to have no connection (with each other)
etw hat keine Bezíéhung zu etw — sth has no bearing on sth, sth has no relationship to sth
jd verliert die Bezíéhung zur Wirklichkeit — sb feels cut off from reality
4) usu pl (= Verbindung) connections pl (zu with)er hat die Stelle durch Bezíéhungen bekommen — he got the position through his connections or through knowing the right people
seine Bezíéhungen spielen lassen — to pull strings
Bezíéhungen haben — to have connections, to know the right people
Bezíéhungen muss/müsste man haben — you need to know the right people, you need to be able to pull strings
ich habe keine Bezíéhung zu abstrakter Malerei — I have no feeling for abstract art, abstract painting doesn't do anything for me
er hat überhaupt keine Bezíéhung zu seinen Kindern — he just doesn't relate to his children, he has no affinity for his children
6)See:= Bezug7)(= Hinsicht)
in einer/keiner Bezíéhung — in one/no respect or wayin jeder Bezíéhung — in every respect, in all respects
in mancher Bezíéhung — in some or certain respects
in dieser Bezíéhung — in this respect
* * *die1) (a relationship (between facts, events etc).) relation2) ((in plural) contact and communications between people, countries etc: to establish friendly relations.) relation3) (the friendship, contact, communications etc which exist between people: He finds it very difficult to form lasting relationships.) relationship* * *Be·zie·hung<-, -en>[bəˈtsi:ʊŋ]f1. (Verbindung)zwischen etw dat und jdm/etw besteht eine/keine \Beziehung there is a/no connection between sth and sb/sthals Tagträumer ist es leicht, die \Beziehung zur Realität zu verlieren it's easy for a daydreamer to lose his [or her] grasp of reality\Beziehungen haben to have connectionsseine \Beziehungen spielen lassen to pull [some] stringsich habe zur heutigen Jugend keine \Beziehung I can't relate to the youth of todaydiplomatische \Beziehungen diplomatic relationsdiplomatische \Beziehungen aufnehmen/abbrechen to establish/break off diplomatic relations▪ jds \Beziehung zu/mit jdm sb's relationship with sbintime [o sexuelle] \Beziehungen [zu jdm] haben [o unterhalten] to have intimate relations [with sb]menschliche \Beziehungen human relationskeine \Beziehung zu jdm/etw haben to have no feeling for [or be unable to relate to] sb/sth4. (Hinsicht) respectin einer/keiner \Beziehung in one/no respect [or way]in jeder \Beziehung in every respectin mancher \Beziehung in many respects5. (Zusammenhang) connectionin einer/keiner \Beziehung zueinander stehen to have a/no connection with one another* * *1) relation; (Zusammenhang) connection (zu with)gute Beziehungen od. eine gute Beziehung zu jemandem haben — have good relations with somebody; be on good terms with somebody
Beziehungen haben — (gewisse Leute kennen) have [got] connections
er hat keine Beziehung zur Kunst — he has a blind spot where the arts are concerned; the arts are a closed book to him
zwischen A und B besteht keine/eine Beziehung — there is no/a connection between A and B
A zu B in Beziehung (Akk.) setzen — relate A to B; see A in relation to B
A und B in Beziehung (Akk.) zueinander setzen — relate A and B to each other; connect or link A and B
2) (Freundschaft, LiebesBeziehung) relationsship3) (Hinsicht) respect* * *1. (Zusammenhang) von Dingen: relation (zu to), relationship (with, to); connection (with, to);wechselseitige Beziehung interrelationship;in (direkter) Beziehung zu jemandem/etwas stehen be (directly) connected to ( oder with) sb/sth, be linked to sb/sth, auch have a (direct) relation to sb/sth;2. (Hinsicht):in dieser Beziehung from that point of view, in that respect; (in diesem Zusammenhang) in this connection;in mancher Beziehung in some ways ( oder respects);in gewisser Beziehung in a way;in jeder Beziehung in every way ( oder respect);in politischer Beziehung politically (speaking), in political terms;in wirtschaftlicher Beziehung (seen) in economic terms, seen from an economic point of view3. mit Partner oder Partnerin: relationship (zu with, to); (Affäre) affair;mit Paula hatte ich eine sehr schöne Beziehung I had a lovely (US auch great) relationship with Paula;in ihrer Beziehung kriselt es she is having problems in her relationship ( oder with her partner)menschliche/diplomatische Beziehungen human/diplomatic relations;wirtschaftliche Beziehungen economic relations ( oder contacts);mit einem Staat wirtschaftliche/polititsche Beziehungen aufnehmen/abbrechen establish/break off economic/political relations ( oder contact) with a country;in guter Beziehung zu jemandem stehen be on good terms with sb; zu höheren Stellen etc:du brauchst Beziehungen you need connections, you’ve got to know the right people umg;er hat es durch Beziehungen bekommen he got it through contacts, he got it through knowing the right people;seine Beziehungen spielen lassen pull a few strings5. (innere Beziehung, Verhältnis, Verständnis) relationship (zu to); affinity (for, to); feeling (for); understanding (of); zur Kunst etc: auch appreciation (for, of);ich habe keine Beziehung zur Musik auch I can’t relate to music, music doesn’t mean anything ( oder means nothing) to me;ich habe keine Beziehung zu ihm (Menschen, Tier) I can’t relate to him, I feel no affinity for ( oder towards) him, I can’t warm to him* * *1) relation; (Zusammenhang) connection (zu with)gute Beziehungen od. eine gute Beziehung zu jemandem haben — have good relations with somebody; be on good terms with somebody
Beziehungen haben — (gewisse Leute kennen) have [got] connections
er hat keine Beziehung zur Kunst — he has a blind spot where the arts are concerned; the arts are a closed book to him
zwischen A und B besteht keine/eine Beziehung — there is no/a connection between A and B
A zu B in Beziehung (Akk.) setzen — relate A to B; see A in relation to B
A und B in Beziehung (Akk.) zueinander setzen — relate A and B to each other; connect or link A and B
2) (Freundschaft, LiebesBeziehung) relationsship3) (Hinsicht) respect* * *(zu) f.concern (with) n. f.relation n.relational n.relationship n. -
4 relation
relation [ʀ(ə)lasjɔ̃]1. feminine nouna. ( = rapport) relationship• c'est sans relation avec... it bears no relation to...b. ( = personne) acquaintance2. plural feminine noun• avoir de bonnes relations/des relations amicales avec qn to have a good/friendly relationship with sb• être/rester en relation(s) avec qn to be/keep in touch with sb• entrer or se mettre en relation(s) avec qn to get in touch with sb* * *ʀ(ə)lasjɔ̃
1.
faire la relation avec quelque chose/quelqu'un — to make the connection with something/somebody
2) ( personne) acquaintance3) ( personne puissante) connectionêtre/entrer en relation avec quelqu'un — to be/to get in touch with somebody
5) Mathématique relation
2.
Phrasal Verbs:* * *ʀ(ə)lasjɔ̃1. nf1) (entre choses) (= rapport) connectionil n'y a aucune relation entre... et... — there is no connection between... and...
n'avoir aucune relation avec qch — to have no connection with sth, to bear no relation to sth
2) (entre personnes) (= contact) contactêtre en relation avec — to be in contact with, to be dealing with
3) (= récit) [événements] account2. relations nfpl1) (= rapports) relationsNous avons toujours eu de très bonnes relations. — We have always had very good relations.
2)avoir des relations (= connaître des gens influents) — to have connections
* * *A nf1 ( rapport) connection (avec with); il n'y a aucune relation entre les deux affaires there is no connection between the two cases; faire la relation entre deux événements to make the connection between two events; je n'avais pas fait la relation entre les deux I hadn't made the connection between the two; faire la relation avec qch/qn to make the connection with sth/sb; un projet établi en relation avec l'industrie a project set up in partnership with industry;2 ( personne) acquaintance; c'est une de mes relations he/she is an acquaintance of mine; une vague relation a vague acquaintance; des relations d'affaires business acquaintances; renouer avec d'anciennes relations to catch up with some old acquaintances;3 ( personne puissante) connection; avoir des relations to have connections; obtenir qch grâce à ses or par relations to obtain sth through one's connections;4 ( lien) relationship (avec with; entre between); une relation amicale/sentimentale a friendly/romantic relationship; entretenir/avoir de bonnes relations avec qn to keep up/to have a good relationship with sb; avoir une relation très conflictuelle/tendre avec qn to have a very stormy/tender relationship with sb; la relation parent-enfant/médecin-patient the parent-child/doctor-patient relationship; être/entrer en relation avec qn to be/get in touch with sb; être en relation d'affaires avec qn to have business dealings with sb; mettre deux personnes en relation to put two people in contact ou touch (with each other);5 Math relation; relation d'équivalence equivalence relation.B relations nfpl ( échanges) relations (avec with); les relations culturelles/diplomatiques/commerciales cultural/diplomatic/trade relations; ministre chargé des relations avec le Parlement minister responsible for organizing parliamentary agenda.relations extérieures Pol foreign affairs; relations publiques public relations; relations sexuelles sexual relations.[rəlasjɔ̃] nom fémininrelation de cause à effet relation ou relationship of cause and effectmettre deux questions en relation l'une avec l'autre, faire la relation entre deux questions to make the connection between ou to connect two questionsc'est sans relation avec..., il n'y a aucune relation avec... there's no connection with..., it's nothing to do with...2. [rapport] relationshiples relations sino-japonaises relations between China and Japan, Sino-Japanese relationsen relation ou relations: nous sommes en relation d'affaires depuis des années we've had business dealings ou a business relationship for yearsen excellentes/mauvaises relations avec ses collègues on excellent/bad terms with one's colleaguesentrer en relation avec quelqu'un [le contacter] to get in touch ou to make contact with somebodymettre quelqu'un en relation avec un ami/une organisation to put somebody in touch with a friend/an organizationa. [généralement] dealings between people3. [connaissance] acquaintanceheureusement que j'ai des relations! it's a good thing I'm well connected ou I know the right people!j'ai trouvé à me loger par relations I found a place to live through knowing the right people ou through the grapevine -
5 liieren
I v/refl1. Paar: get together, become an item, start a relationship; ( fest) liiert sein have a (stable) relationship, be an item; mit jemandem liiert sein be in a relationship with s.o.II v/t bes. WIRTS. establish links between; der Plan, beide Autohersteller zu liieren, scheiterte the planned association between the two car makers (Am. carmakers) came to nothing; die Verlage sind seit fast 30 Jahren liiert the publishing houses have been working together for nearly 30 years* * *li|ie|ren [li'iːrən] ptp liiert1. vtto bring or get together; Firmen etc to get to work togetherliiert sein — to have joined forces; (Firmen etc) to be working together; (Pol) to be allied
2. vrto join forces; (Firmen etc) to work together; (POL) to enter into an alliance; (= ein Verhältnis eingehen) to get together, to form a liaison* * *li·ie·ren *[liˈi:rən]vr▪ [mit jdm] liiert sein to have a relationship [with sb]* * *reflexives Verb start an affair* * *A. v/rmit jemandem liiert sein be in a relationship with sb2. WIRTSCH etc establish links (mit with)B. v/t besonders WIRTSCH establish links between;der Plan, beide Autohersteller zu liieren, scheiterte the planned association between the two car makers (US carmakers) came to nothing;die Verlage sind seit fast 30 Jahren liiert the publishing houses have been working together for nearly 30 years* * *reflexives Verb start an affair -
6 υἱός
υἱός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) prim. ‘son’① a male who is in a kinship relationship either biologically or by legal action, son, offspring, descendantⓐ the direct male issue of a person, son τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:21; GJs 14:2 (cp. Mel., P. 8, 53 ὡς γὰρ υἱὸς τεχθείς). Cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14) and 25; 10:37 (w. θυγάτηρ); Mk 12:6a; Lk 1:13, 31, 57; 11:11; 15:11 (on this JEngel, Die Parabel v. Verlorenen Sohn: ThGl 18, 1926, 54–64; MFrost, The Prodigal Son: Exp. 9th ser., 2, 1924, 56–60; EBuonaiuti, Religio 11, ’35, 398–402); Ac 7:29; Ro 9:9 (cp. Gen 18:10); Gal 4:22 al. W. gen. Mt 7:9; 20:20f; 21:37ab; Mk 6:3; 9:17; Lk 3:2; 4:22; 15:19; J 9:19f; Ac 13:21; 16:1; 23:16; Gal 4:30abc (Gen 21:10abc); Js 2:21; AcPlCor 2:29. Also ἐγὼ Φαρισαῖός εἰμι υἱὸς Φαρισαίων Ac 23:6 is prob. a ref. to direct descent. μονογενὴς υἱός (s. μονογενής 1) Lk 7:12. ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρωτότοκος (πρωτότοκος 1) 2:7.ⓑ the immediate male offspring of an animal (Ps 28:1 υἱοὺς κριῶν; Sir 38:25. So Lat. filius: Columella 6, 37, 4) in our lit. only as foal ἐπὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου Mt 21:5 (cp. Zech 9:9 πῶλον νέον).ⓒ human offspring in an extended line of descent, descendant, son Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ Mt 1:20 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 73); s. 2dα below. υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ (Ἰσραήλ 1) Mt 27:9; Lk 1:16; Ac 5:21; 7:23, 37; 9:15; 10:36; Ro 9:27; 2 Cor 3:7, 13; Hb 11:22 al.; AcPlCor 2:32. οἱ υἱοὶ Λευί (Num 26:57) Hb 7:5. υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ Lk 19:9. υἱοὶ Ἀδάμ 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:8). υἱοι Ῥουβήλ GJs 6:3.ⓓ one who is accepted or legally adopted as a son (Herodian 5, 7, 1; 4; 5; Jos, Ant. 2, 263; 20, 150) Ac 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10).—J 19:26.② a pers. related or closely associated as if by ties of sonship, son, transf. sense of 1ⓐ of a pupil, follower, or one who is otherw. a spiritual son (SIG 1169, 12 οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ=the pupils and helpers [40] of Asclepius; sim. Maximus Tyr. 4, 2c; Just., D. 86, 6 οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν.—Some combination w. παῖδες is the favorite designation for those who are heirs of guild-secrets or who are to perpetuate a skill of some kind: Pla., Rep. 3, 407e, Leg. 6, 769b; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verbi 22 p. 102, 4 Us./Rdm. ῥητόρων παῖδες; Lucian, Anach. 19, Dial. Mort. 11, 1 Χαλδαίων π.=dream-interpreters, Dips. 5 ἱατρῶν π., Amor. 49; Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 13 σοφῶν π.): the ‘sons’ of the Pharisees Mt 12:27; Lk 11:19. Peter says Μᾶρκος ὁ υἱός μου 1 Pt 5:13 (perh. w. a component of endearment; s. Μᾶρκος). As a familiar form of address by a cherished mentor Hb 12:5 (Pr 3:11; ParJer 5:28; 7:24). υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες B 1:1.ⓑ of the individual members of a large and coherent group (cp. the υἷες Ἀχαιῶν in Homer; also PsSol 2:3 οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ; Dio Chrys. 71 [21], 15; LXX) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ λαοῦ μου 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin). υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραάμ Ac 13:26. οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων (Gen 11:5; Ps 11:2, 9; 44:3; TestLevi 3:10; TestZeb 9:7; GrBar 2:4) the sons of men=humans (cp. dγ below) Mk 3:28; Eph 3:5; 1 Cl 61:2 (of the earthly rulers in contrast to the heavenly king).ⓒ of one whose identity is defined in terms of a relationship with a person or thingα. of those who are bound to a personality by close, non-material ties; it is this personality that has promoted the relationship and given it its character: son(s) of: those who believe are υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ, because Abr. was the first whose relationship to God was based on faith Gal 3:7. In a special sense the devout, believers, are sons of God, i.e., in the light of the social context, people of special status and privilege (cp. PsSol 17:27; Just., D, 124, 1; Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 8 ὁ τοῦ Διὸς ὄντως υἱός; Epict. 1, 9, 6; 1, 3, 2; 1, 19, 9; Sextus 58; 60; 135; 376a; Dt 14:1; Ps 28:1; 72:15; Is 43:6 [w. θυγατέρες μου]; 45:11; Wsd 2:18; 5:5; 12:21 al.; Jdth 9:4, 13; Esth 8:12q; 3 Macc 6:28; SibOr 3, 702) Mt 5:45; Lk 6:35; Ro 8:14, 19 (‘Redeemer figures’ EFuchs, Die Freiheit des Glaubens, ’49, 108; against him EHommel in ThViat 4, ’52, 118, n. 26); 9:26 (Hos 2:1); 2 Cor 6:18 (w. θυγατέρες, s. Is 43:6 cited above); Gal 3:26 (cp. PsSol 17:27); 4:6a, 7ab (here the υἱός is the κληρονόμος and his opposite is the δοῦλος); Hb 2:10 (JKögel, Der Sohn u. die Söhne: Eine exeget. Studie zu Hb 2:5–18, 1904); 12:5–8 (in vs. 8 opp. νόθος, q.v.); Rv 21:7; 2 Cl 1:4; B 4:9. Corresp. there are sons of the devil (on this subj. cp. Hdb. on J 8:44) υἱὲ διαβόλου Ac 13:10. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ (masc.) Mt 13:38b. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου ApcPt Rainer. In υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας Mt 23:31 this mng. is prob. to be combined w. sense 1c. The expr. υἱοὶ θεοῦ Mt 5:9 looks to the future (s. Betz, SM ad loc.; cp. KKöhler, StKr 91, 1918, 189f). Lk 20:36a signifies a status akin to that of angels (Ps 88:7; θεῶν παῖδες as heavenly beings: Maximus Tyr. 11, 5a; 12a; 13, 6a.—Hierocles 3, 424 the ἄγγελοι are called θεῶν παῖδες; HWindisch, Friedensbringer-Gottessöhne: ZNW 24, 1925, 240–60, discounts connection w. angels and contends for the elevation of the ordinary followers of Jesus to the status of Alexander the Great in his role as an εἰρηνηποιός [cp. Plut., Mor. 329c]; for measured critique of this view s. Betz, SM 137–42.).β. υἱός w. gen. of thing, to denote one who shares in it or who is worthy of it, or who stands in some other close relation to it, oft. made clear by the context; this constr. is prob. a Hebraism in the main, but would not appear barbaric (B-D-F §162, 6; Mlt-H. 441; Dssm., B p. 162–66 [BS 161–66]; PASA II 1884, no. 2 υἱὸς πόλεως [time of Nero; on this type of formulation SEG XXXIX, 1864]; IMagnMai 167, 5; 156, 12) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (αἰών 2a) Lk 16:8a (opp. οἱ υἱοί τοῦ φωτός vs. 8b); 20:34. τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοί (to Mediterranean publics the functional equivalent of ἀθάνατοι ‘immortals’; cp. ἀνάστασις 2b) 20:36b. υἱοὶ τῆς ἀνομίας (ἀνομία 1; cp. CD 6:15) Hv 3, 6, 1; ApcPt 1:3; τῆς ἀπειθείας (s. ἀπείθεια) Eph 2:2; 5:6; Col 3:6; τῆς ἀπωλείας ApcPt 1:2. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας of Judas the informer J 17:12 (cp. similar expressions in Eur., Hec. 425; Menand., Dyscolus 88f: s. FDanker, NTS 7, ’60/61, 94), of the end-time adversary 2 Th 2:3. υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας (βασιλεία 1bη; s. SEG XXXIX, 1864 for related expressions) Mt 8:12; 13:38a. υἱοὶ βροντῆς Mk 3:17 (s. Βοανηργές). υἱὸς γεέννης (s. γέεννα) Mt 23:15; τ. διαθήκης (PsSol 17:15) Ac 3:25; εἰρήνης Lk 10:6. υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος (s. νυμφών) Mt 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34. υἱὸς παρακλήσεως Ac 4:36 (s. Βαρναβᾶς). υἱοὶ (τοῦ) φωτός (Hippol., Ref. 6, 47, 4 in gnostic speculation) Lk 16:8b (opp. υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου); J 12:36. υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας 1 Th 5:5 (EBuonaiuti, ‘Figli del giorno e della luce’ [1 Th 5:5]: Rivista storico-critica delle Scienze teol. 6, 1910, 89–93).ⓓ in various combinations as a designation of the Messiah and a self-designation of Jesusα. υἱὸς Δαυίδ son of David of the Messiah (PsSol 17:21) Mt 22:42–45; Mk 12:35–37; Lk 20:41–44; B 12:10c. Specif. of Jesus as Messiah Mt 1:1a; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30f; 21:9, 15; Mk 10:47f; Lk 18:38f.—WWrede, Jesus als Davidssohn: Vorträge u. Studien 1907, 147–77; WBousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 4, Rel.3 226f; ELohmeyer, Gottesknecht u. Davidssohn ’45, esp. 68; 72; 77; 84; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 251–56; WMichaelis, Die Davidsohnschaft Jesu usw., in D. histor. Jesus u. d. kerygm. Christus, ed. Ristow and Matthiae, ’61, 317–30; LFisher, ECColwell Festschr. ’68, 82–97.β. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, υἱὸς θεοῦ (the) Son of God (for the phrase s. JosAs 6:2 al. Ἰωσὴφ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ; there is no undisputed evidence of usage as messianic title in pre-Christian Judaism [s. Dalman, Worte 219–24, Eng. tr. 268–89; Bousset, Kyrios Christos2 53f; EHuntress, ‘Son of God’ in Jewish Writings Prior to the Christian Era: JBL 54, ’35, 117–23]; cp. 4Q 246 col. 2, 1 [JFitzmyer, A Wandering Aramean ’79, 90–93; JCollins, BRev IX/3, ’93, 34–38, 57]. Among polytheists on the other hand, sons of the gods in a special sense [s. Just., A I, 21, 1f] are not only known to myth and legend, but definite historical personalities are also designated as such. Among them are famous wise men such as Pythagoras and Plato [HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest2 1911, 71ff], and deified rulers, above all the Roman emperors since the time of Augustus [oft. in ins and pap: Dssm., B 166f=BS 166f, LO 294f=LAE 346f; Thieme 33]. According to Memnon [I B.C./ I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 1, 1 Jac., Clearchus [IV B.C.] carried his boasting so far as Διὸς υἱὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀνειπεῖν. Also, persons who were active at that time as prophets and wonder-workers laid claim to the title υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, e.g. the Samaritan Dositheus in Origen, C. Cels. 6, 11; sim. an Indian wise man who calls himself Διὸς υἱός Arrian, Anab. 7, 2, 3; cp. Did., Gen. 213, 18 ὁ Ἀβρὰμ υἱὸς θεοῦ διὰ δικαιοσύνην. S. GWetter, ‘Der Sohn Gottes’ 1916; Hdb. exc. on J 1:34; s. also Clemen2 76ff; ENorden, Die Geburt des Kindes 1924, 75; 91f; 132; 156f; EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 1:11 [4th ed. ’50]; M-JLagrange, Les origines du dogme paulinien de la divinité de Christ: RB 45, ’36, 5–33; HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 187–208; HBraun, ZTK 54, ’57, 353–64; ANock, ‘Son of God’ in Paul. and Hellen. Thought: Gnomon 33, ’61, 581–90 [=Essays on Religion and the Anc. World II, ’72, 928–39]—originality in Paul’s thought): Ps 2:7 is applied to Jesus υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε Lk 3:22 D; GEb 18, 37.—Ac 13:33; Hb 1:5a; 5:5; 1 Cl 36:4. Likew. Hos 11:1 (w. significant changes): Mt 2:15, and 2 Km 7:14: Hb 1:5b. The voice of God calls him ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός (s. ἀγαπητός 1) at his baptism Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; GEb 18, 37 and 39 and at the Transfiguration Mt 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 9:35 (here ἐκλελεγμένος instead of ἀγαπ.); 2 Pt 1:17. Cp. J 1:34. The angel at the Annunciation uses these expressions in referring to him: υἱὸς ὑψίστου Lk 1:32; GJs 11:3 and υἱὸς θεοῦ Lk 1:35 (Ar. 15, 1 ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου. Cp. Just., A I, 23, 2 μόνος ἰδίως υἱὸς τῷ θεῷ γεγέννηται). The centurion refers to him at the crucifixion as υἱὸς θεοῦ Mt 27:54; Mk 15:39; GPt 11:45; cp. vs. 46 (CMann, ET 20, 1909, 563f; JPobee, The Cry of the Centurion, A Cry of Defeat: CFDMoule Festschr. ’70, 91–102; EJohnson, JSNT 31, ’87, 3–22 [an indefinite affirmation of Jesus]). The high priest asks εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 26:63 (DCatchpole, NTS 17, ’71, 213–26). Passers-by ask him to show that he is God’s Son 27:40; sim. the devil 4:3, 6; Lk 4:3, 9. On the other hand, evil spirits address him as the Son of God Mt 8:29; Mk 3:11; 5:7; Lk 4:41; 8:28; and disciples testify that he is Mt 14:33; 16:16. S. also Mk 1:1 (s. SLegg, Ev. Sec. Marc. ’35).—Jesus also refers to himself as Son of God, though rarely apart fr. the Fourth Gosp.: Mt 28:19 (the Risen Lord in the trinitarian baptismal formula); Mt 21:37f=Mk 12:6 (an allusion in the parable of the vinedressers).—Mt 27:43; Mk 13:32; Rv 2:18. The main pass. is the so-called Johannine verse in the synoptics Mt 11:27=Lk 10:22 (s. PSchmiedel, PM 4, 1900,1–22; FBurkitt, JTS 12, 1911, 296f; HSchumacher, Die Selbstoffenbarung Jesu bei Mt 11:27 [Lk 10:22] 1912 [lit.]; Norden, Agn. Th. 277–308; JWeiss, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 120–29, Urchristentum 1917, 87ff; Bousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 45ff; EMeyer I 280ff; RBultmann, Gesch. d. synopt. Trad.2 ’31, 171f; MDibelius, Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums2 ’33, 259; MRist, Is Mt 11:25–30 a Primitive Baptismal Hymn? JR 15, ’35, 63–77; TArvedson, D. Mysterium Christi: E. Studie zu Mt 11:25–30, ’37; WDavies, ‘Knowledge’ in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mt 11:25–30, HTR 45, ’53, 113–39; WGrundmann, Sohn Gottes, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; JBieneck, Sohn Gottes als Christusbez. der Synopt. ’51; PWinter, Mt 11:27 and Lk 10:22: NovT 1, ’56, 112–48; JJocz, Judaica 13, ’57, 129–42; OMichel/OBetz, Von Gott Gezeugt, Beih. ZNW [Jeremias Festschr.] 26, ’60, 3–23 [Qumran]).—Apart fr. the synoptics, testimony to Jesus as the Son of God is found in many parts of our lit. Oft. in Paul: Ro 1:3, 4, 9; 5:10; 8:3, 29, 32; 1 Cor 1:9; 15:28; 2 Cor 1:19; Gal 1:16; 2:20; 4:4; Eph 4:13; Col 1:13; 1 Th 1:10. Cp. Ac 9:20. In Hb: 1:2, 8; 4:14; 5:8; 6:6; 7:3, 28; 10:29. In greatest frequency in John (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 6 the Λόγος as υἱὸς θεοῦ. Likew. Philo, Agr. 51 πρωτόγονος υἱός, Conf. Lingu. 146 υἱὸς θεοῦ.—Theoph. Ant. 2, 1 [p. 154, 12] ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν καὶ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ; Iren. 3, 12, 2 [Harv. II 55, 2]): J 1:49; 3:16–18 (s. μονογενής 2), 35f; 5:19–26; 6:40; 8:35f; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 14:13; 17:1; 19:7; 20:31; 1J 1:3, 7; 2:22–24; 3:8, 23; 4:9f, 14f; 5:5, 9–13, 20; 2J 3, 9.—B 5:9, 11; 7:2, 9; 12:8; 15:5; Dg 7:4; 9:2, 4; 10:2 (τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ; also ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 22 Tdf.; ApcSed 9:1f); IMg 8:2; ISm 1:1; MPol 17:3; Hv 2, 2, 8; Hs 5, 2, 6 (ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀγαπητός); 8; 11; 5, 4, 1; 5, 5, 2; 3; 5; 5, 6, 1; 2; 4; 7 (on the Christology of the Shepherd s. Dibelius, Hdb. on Hs 5, also ALink and JvWalter [πνεῦμα 5cα]); Hs 8, 3, 2; 8, 11, 1. Cp. 9, 1, 1; 9, 12, 1ff.—In trinitarian formulas, in addition to Mt 28:19, also IMg 13:1; EpilMosq 5; D 7:1, 3.—The deceiver of the world appears w. signs and wonders ὡς υἱὸς θεοῦ D 16:4 (ApcEsdr 4:27 p. 28, 32 Tdf. ὁ λέγων• Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ [of Antichrist]).—EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 16–44; GVos, The Self-disclosure of Jesus 1926.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 404–17; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 211–36; MHengel, The Son of God (tr. JBowden) ’76; DJones, The Title υἱὸς θεοῦ in Acts: SBLSP 24, ’85, 451–63.γ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’ (the pl. form οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων appears freq. in the LXX to render בְּנֵי אָדָם = mortals, e.g. Gen 11:5; Ps 10:4; 11:2; cp. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπολείας J 17:12 [s. 2cβ]) ‘the human being, the human one, the man’ in our lit. only as a byname in ref. to Jesus and in an exclusive sense the Human One, the Human Being, one intimately linked with humanity in its primary aspect of fragility yet transcending it, traditionally rendered ‘the Son of Man.’ The term is found predom. in the gospels, where it occurs in the synoptics about 70 times (about half as oft. if parallels are excluded), and in J 12 times (s. EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 8:31). In every case the title is applied by Jesus to himself. Nowhere within a saying or narrative about him is it found in an address to him: Mt 8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; 16:13, 27f; 17:9, 12, 22; 18:10 [11] v.l.; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 30, 37, 39, 44; 25:13 v.l., 31; 26:2, 24ab, 45, 64; Mk 2:10, 28; 8:31, 38; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33, 45; 13:26; 14:21ab, 41, 62; Lk 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56 v.l., 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22, 24, 26, 30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7.—John (FGrosheide, Υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρ. in het Evang. naar Joh.: TSt 35, 1917, 242–48; HDieckmann, D. Sohn des Menschen im J: Scholastik 2, 1927, 229–47; HWindisch, ZNW 30, ’31, 215–33; 31, ’32, 199–204; WMichaelis, TLZ 85, ’60, 561–78 [Jesus’ earthly presence]) 1:51; 3:13, 14; 5:27 (BVawter, Ezekiel and John, CBQ 26, ’64, 450–58); 6:27, 53, 62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23, 34; 13:31. Whether the component of fragility (suggested by OT usage in ref. to the brief span of human life and the ills to which it falls heir) or high status (suggested by traditions that appear dependent on Da 7:13, which refers to one ‘like a human being’), or a blend of the two dominates a specific occurrence can be determined only by careful exegesis that in addition to extra-biblical traditions takes account of the total literary structure of the document in which it occurs. Much neglected in the discussion is the probability of prophetic association suggested by the form of address Ezk 2:1 al. (like the OT prophet [Ezk 3:4–11] Jesus encounters resistance).—On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46–48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f) s. Bousset, Rel.3 352–55; NMessel, D. Menschensohn in d. Bilderreden d. Hen. 1922; ESjöberg, Kenna 1 Henok och 4 Esra tanken på den lidande Människosonen? Sv. Ex. Årsb. 5, ’40, 163–83, D. Menschensohn im äth. Hen. ’46. This view is in some way connected w. Da 7:13; acc. to some it derives its real content fr. an eschatological tradition that ultimately goes back to Iran (WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 160–223; Reitzenstein, Erlösungsmyst. 119ff, ZNW 20, 1921, 18–22, Mysterienrel.3 418ff; Clemen2 72ff; CKraeling, Anthropos and Son of Man: A Study in the Religious Syncretism of the Hellenistic Orient 1927); acc. to this tradition the First Man was deified; he will return in the last times and usher in the Kingdom of God.—Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56 (v.l. τοῦ θεοῦ; GKilpatrick, TZ 21, ’65, 209); Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13; sim. allusion to Da in Just., D. 31, 1). The quot. fr. Ps 8:5 in Hb 2:6 prob. does not belong here, since there is no emphasis laid on υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου. In IEph 20:2 Jesus is described as υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου καὶ υἱὸς θεοῦ. Differently B 12:10 Ἰησοῦς, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Jesus, not a man’s son, but Son of God.—HLietzmann, Der Menschensohn 1896; Dalman, Worte 191–219 (Eng. tr., 234–67); Wlh., Einl.2 123–30; PFiebig, Der Menschensohn 1901; NSchmidt, The Prophet of Nazareth 1905, 94–134, Recent Study of the Term ‘Son of Man’: JBL 45, 1926, 326–49; FTillmann, Der Menschensohn 1907; EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 65ff; HHoltzmann, Das messianische Bewusstsein Jesu, 1907, 49–75 (lit.), Ntl. Theologie2 I 1911, 313–35; FBard, D. Sohn d. Menschen 1908; HGottsched, D. Menschensohn 1908; EAbbott, ‘The Son of Man’, etc., 1910; EHertlein, Die Menschensohnfrage im letzten Stadium 1911, ZNW 19, 1920, 46–48; JMoffatt, The Theology of the Gospels 1912, 150–63; WBousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 5–22 (the titles of the works by Wernle and Althaus opposing his first edition [1913], as well as Bousset’s answer, are found s.v. κύριος, end); DVölter, Jesus der Menschensohn 1914, Die Menschensohnfrage neu untersucht 1916; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 247–50; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919 (see also the works by the same author referred to above in this entry); EMeyer II 335ff; HGressmann, ZKG n.s. 4, 1922, 170ff, D. Messias 1929, 341ff; GDupont, Le Fils d’Homme 1924; APeake, The Messiah and the Son of Man 1924; MWagner, Der Menschensohn: NKZ 36, 1925, 245–78; Guillaume Baldensperger, Le Fils d’Homme: RHPR 5, 1925, 262–73; WBleibtreu, Jesu Selbstbez. als der Menschensohn: StKr 98/99, 1926, 164–211; AvGall, Βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 1926; OProcksch, D. Menschensohn als Gottessohn: Christentum u. Wissensch. 3, 1927, 425–43; 473–81; CMontefiore, The Synoptic Gospels2 1927 I 64–80; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, Eng. tr. The Kgdm. of God and the Son of Man, tr. Filson and Woolf2 ’43; EWechssler, Hellas im Ev. ’36, 332ff; PParker, The Mng. of ‘Son of Man’: JBL 60, ’41, 151–57; HSharman, Son of Man and Kingdom of God ’43; JCampbell, The Origin and Mng. of the Term Son of Man: JTS 48, ’47, 145–55; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré ’47, 307–13 (survey and lit.); TManson, ConNeot 11, ’47, 138–46 (Son of Man=Jesus and his disciples in Mk 2:27f); GDuncan, Jesus, Son of Man ’47, 135–53 (survey); JBowman, ET 59, ’47/48, 283–88 (background); MBlack, ET 60, ’48f, 11–15; 32–36; GKnight, Fr. Moses to Paul ’49, 163–72 (survey); TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 237–50; TManson (Da, En and gospels), BJRL 32, ’50, 171–93; TPreiss, Le Fils d’Homme: ÉThR 26/3, ’51, Life in Christ, ’54, 43–60; SMowinckel, He That Cometh, tr. Anderson, ’54, 346–450; GIber, Überlieferungsgesch. Unters. z. Begriff des Menschensohnes im NT, diss. Heidelb. ’53; ESjöberg, D. verborgene Menschensohn in den Ev. ’55; WGrundmann, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; HRiesenfeld, The Mythological Backgrd. of NT Christology, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 81–95; PhVielhauer, Gottesreich u. Menschensohn in d. Verk. Jesu, GDehn Festschr. ’57, 51–79; ESidebottom, The Son of Man in J, ET 68, ’57, 231–35; 280–83; AHiggins, Son of Man- Forschung since (Manson’s) ‘The Teaching of Jesus’: NT Essays (TW Manson memorial vol.) ’59, 119–35; HTödt, D. Menschensohn in d. synopt. Überl. ’59 (tr. Barton ’65); JMuilenburg, JBL 79, ’60, 197–209 (Da, En); ESchweizer, JBL 79, ’60, 119–29 and NTS 9, ’63, 256–61; BvIersel, ‘Der Sohn’ in den synopt. Jesusworten, ’61 (community?); MBlack, BJRL 45, ’63, 305–18; FBorsch, ATR 45, ’63, 174–90; AHiggins, Jesus and the Son of Man, ’64; RFormesyn, NovT 8, ’66, 1–35 (barnasha=‘I’); SSandmel, HSilver Festschr. ’63, 355–67; JJeremias, Die älteste Schicht der Menschensohn-Logien, ZNW 58, ’67, 159–72; GVermes, MBlack, Aram. Approach3, ’67, 310–30; BLindars, The New Look on the Son of Man: BJRL 63, ’81, 437–62; WWalker, The Son of Man, Some Recent Developments CBQ 45, ’83, 584–607; JDonahue, Recent Studies on the Origin of ‘Son of Man’ in the Gospels, CBQ 48, ’86, 584–607; DBurkitt, The Nontitular Son of Man, A History and Critique: NTS 40, ’94 504–21 (lit.); JEllington, BT 40, ’89, 201–8; RGordon, Anthropos: 108–13.—B. 105; DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
7 forhold
sg - fórholdet, pl - fórhold1) соотноше́ние с, пропо́рция жi fórhold til... — по сравне́нию с...
2) ( взаимо)отноше́ния мн; связь ж3) обстоя́тельства мнde nǽrmere fórhold — подро́бности мн
únder sǻdanne fórhold — при да́нных обстоя́тельствах
* * *circumstance, condition, factor, proportion, ratio, relationship* * *(et -)(især pl: tilstand, vilkår) conditions ( fx conditions in Denmark, social conditions), circumstances ( fx under the presentcircumstances); state of things ( fx the present state of things makes it impossible); situation ( fx the situation has changed);( målestoksforhold) scale;( proportion) proportion ( fx the proportion between Blacks and Whites in the population);( fordelingsforhold) ratio ( fx in the ratio of 2 to 3; share the profits in an agreed ratio);( forbindelse) relations ( fx between two countries, between parents and children, between Blacks and Whites); relationship ( fx between mother and child; it developed into a lasting relationship);( foreteelse, fænomen) phenomenon (pl phenomena), matter;( omstændighed) fact, circumstance ( fx I did not know of this fact (el.circumstance));[ forholdet er det at] the fact is that;( anklagepunkt) count ( fx he was found guilty on all counts);[ forholdene] matters, things, conditions, (the state of) affairs;[ de faktiske forhold] the facts;[ forb med (vb +) præp:][ efter den tids forhold] by the standards of that time;[ forholdet mellem årsag og virkning] the relation between cause and effect;[ hans forhold til sine overordnede (, sin familie)] his relations (el.relationship) with his superiors (, his family);[ få et naturligt forhold til] form a natural relationship with ( fx the opposite sex);( erotisk) have an affair with,(se også ndf: stå i forhold til);[få (, have) et afslappet forhold til](fx spiritus) develop (, have) a relaxed attitude to ( fx alcohol);[ have et godt forhold til] be on good (el. friendly) terms with;[ i forhold til] in proportion to, proportional to;( sammenlignet med) (as) compared with, on ( fx prices are now up 10% on last year); to ( fx it is nothing to what I have seen);[ stå i forhold til en kvinde] have sexual relations with a woman;[ hans held stod ikke i forhold til hans evner] his success was out of all proportion to his abilities;( i passende forhold til) proportion to ( fx proportion the reward to the work done);[ under de forhold] under those circumstances. -
8 anknüpfen
(trennb., hat -ge-)I v/t1. tie, fasten (an + Akk to)2. fig. start; ein Gespräch anknüpfen auch strike up a conversation ( mit with); Verhandlungen anknüpfen start ( oder enter into) negotiations ( mit with); Beziehungen anknüpfen establish contactsII v/i fig.: anknüpfen an (+ Akk) go on from, pick up the thread of; jemandes Worte etc.: go back to; eine Tradition: continue; an die Romantik etc. anknüpfen carry on where the Romantics etc. left off* * *(zusammenbinden) to fasten; to tie* * *ạn|knüp|fen ['ankn-] sep1. vtto tie on ( an +acc or dat -to); Beziehungen to establish; Verhältnis to form, to start up; Gespräch to start up, to enter into2. vi* * *(to begin (a friendship, conversation etc): He struck up an acquaintance with a girl on the train.) strike up* * *an|knüp·fenI. vt1. (befestigen)▪ etw \anknüpfen to establish stheine Freundschaft \anknüpfen to strike up a friendshipan ein altes Argument \anknüpfen to take up an old argument* * *1.transitives Verb1) tie on (an + Akk. to)2) (beginnen) start up < conversation>; establish <relations, business links>; form < relationship>; strike up < acquaintance>2.intransitives Verban etwas (Akk.) anknüpfen — take something up
ich knüpfe dort an, wo wir vorige Woche aufgehört haben — I'll pick up where we left off last week
* * *anknüpfen (trennb, hat -ge-)A. v/t1. tie, fasten (an +akk to)2. fig start;ein Gespräch anknüpfen auch strike up a conversation (mit with);Verhandlungen anknüpfen start ( oder enter into) negotiations (mit with);Beziehungen anknüpfen establish contactsB. v/i fig:anknüpfen an (+akk) go on from, pick up the thread of; jemandes Worte etc: go back to; eine Tradition: continue;an die Romantik etcanknüpfen carry on where the Romantics etc left off* * *1.transitives Verb1) tie on (an + Akk. to)2) (beginnen) start up < conversation>; establish <relations, business links>; form < relationship>; strike up < acquaintance>2.intransitives Verban etwas (Akk.) anknüpfen — take something up
ich knüpfe dort an, wo wir vorige Woche aufgehört haben — I'll pick up where we left off last week
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9 тесная связь
Тесная связь - intimate relationship between, close relationship between, strong relationship with, close links withThere is, of course, an intimate relationship between strength and ductility, and most treatments that strengthen metals also cause a decrease in ductility.This is indicative of the close relationship between the vigor of the fluid motion in the bed and the oscillations in the local temperatures.Normally such programs would be expected to form strong relationships with industry.He retained close links with industry.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > тесная связь
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10 Arbeitsverhältnis
n2. Pl. working conditions* * *das Arbeitsverhältnisemployment* * *Ạr|beits|ver|hält|nisntein Arbeitsverhältnis eingehen — to enter employment
2) pl working conditions pl* * *Ar·beits·ver·hält·nisnt (form) employment relationshipbefristetes/unbefristetes \Arbeitsverhältnis temporary/unlimited employment* * ** * *1. employer-employee relationship;2. pl working conditions* * ** * *n.employer-employee relationship n. -
11 obstáculo
m.obstacle, drag, snag, balk.* * *1 (barrera) obstacle■ las escaleras pueden ser un insuperable obstáculo para el minusválido stairs can be an unsurmountable obstacle for a disabled person2 (inconveniente) objection■ no vamos a avanzar si sigues poniendo obstáculos we won't get anywhere if you keep raising objections3 (valla) fence, jump\salvar un obstáculo to overcome an obstacle* * *noun m.* * *SM1) [físico] obstaclecarrera 2)2) (=dificultad) obstacle, hindranceno es obstáculo para que yo lo haga — that does not prevent me (from) o stop me doing it
poner obstáculos a algo/algn — to hinder sth/sb
* * *masculino obstaclesuperar or salvar un obstáculo — to overcome an obstacle
no fue obstáculo para que ganara — it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning
* * *= encumbrance, handicap, hurdle, impairment, impediment, rough spot, wall, barrier, bottleneck, hindrance, obstacle, inhibition, obstruction, stumbling block, bar, blockage, roadblock, block.Ex. Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.Ex. A high exhaustivity of indexing, then, is beneficial where a thorough search is required, but may be a handicap when only a few highly relevant documents are sought.Ex. Schoolchildren, students, and other whose native language is written in a non-Roman script may find alphabetical order according to Roman characters an almost insurmountable hurdle in the use of catalogues and indexes.Ex. A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.Ex. It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.Ex. But despite the many catalog worlds, and herein lies the rub -- or at least a rough spot -- we have been proceeding on the assumption that the catalog exists in the form of the data distributed by the Library of Congress.Ex. In the map library, the electronic medium is shaking the foundations of cartographic communication and threatening the bring the walls crashing down.Ex. While the number of projects proposed was innumerable, 3 barriers remain: red tape; hard currency; and Western barriers to providing high technology to the Eastern bloc.Ex. A number of research groups have investigated the use of knowledge-based systems as a means of avoiding this bottleneck.Ex. The overall effect of the labels and signs is not so much help but hindrance through information overload.Ex. Conversely, an unsympathetic principal can be the greatest obstacle to library development within a school.Ex. This has been a major source of inhibition to the development of British efforts to create a bank of microcopy versions of theses accepted.Ex. Harmonization of technical standards is one of the Community's principal goals in creating a common market devoid of obstructions to the free movement of goods.Ex. These stumbling blocks can often be bypassed in the initial stages of OSI implementation by choosing applications that do not require close integration with existing library systems.Ex. Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.Ex. The problem in relation to communication is probably the most difficult of them all, as the blockage lies in people rather than with the library.Ex. The roadblock to increasing book translations into English is not that there is insufficient funding but that few publishers know about grant schemes that are available.Ex. Emotional blocks to reading can be formed by an unsatisfactory relationship with a teacher.----* ayudar a eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.* carrera de obstáculos = steeplechase.* constituir un obstáculo = constitute + an obstacle.* creación de obstáculos = fence building.* eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.* eliminar un obstáculo = remove + barrier, sweep away + obstacle.* encontrarse con un obstáculo = face + obstacle.* enfrentarse a un obstáculo = address + barrier.* obstáculo insalvable = insurmountable obstacle.* obstáculos = logjam [log-jam].* poner obstáculos = cramp.* preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.* presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.* que pone obstáculos = obstructive.* reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.* remover un obstáculo = remove + barrier.* remover un obstáculo, eliminar un obstáculo = remove + obstacle.* ser un obstáculo = stand in + the way (of).* sin obstáculos = unchecked, unhindered, unimpeded.* sin obstáculos de por medio = uncluttered.* sin obstáculos, sin obstrucciones = unobstructed.* superar un obstáculo = overcome + obstacle, jump over + hurdle, overcome + barrier, conquer + barrier.* vencer un obstáculo = surmount + obstacle, conquer + barrier.* * *masculino obstaclesuperar or salvar un obstáculo — to overcome an obstacle
no fue obstáculo para que ganara — it did not stop o prevent him (from) winning
* * *= encumbrance, handicap, hurdle, impairment, impediment, rough spot, wall, barrier, bottleneck, hindrance, obstacle, inhibition, obstruction, stumbling block, bar, blockage, roadblock, block.Ex: Meanwhile we are asked to accept encumbrances that will needlessly impair the effectiveness of our catalogs for an indefinite time to come.
Ex: A high exhaustivity of indexing, then, is beneficial where a thorough search is required, but may be a handicap when only a few highly relevant documents are sought.Ex: Schoolchildren, students, and other whose native language is written in a non-Roman script may find alphabetical order according to Roman characters an almost insurmountable hurdle in the use of catalogues and indexes.Ex: A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.Ex: It may be decided that the practical impediments to the distribution and assignment of such numbers outweigh their potential usefulness.Ex: But despite the many catalog worlds, and herein lies the rub -- or at least a rough spot -- we have been proceeding on the assumption that the catalog exists in the form of the data distributed by the Library of Congress.Ex: In the map library, the electronic medium is shaking the foundations of cartographic communication and threatening the bring the walls crashing down.Ex: While the number of projects proposed was innumerable, 3 barriers remain: red tape; hard currency; and Western barriers to providing high technology to the Eastern bloc.Ex: A number of research groups have investigated the use of knowledge-based systems as a means of avoiding this bottleneck.Ex: The overall effect of the labels and signs is not so much help but hindrance through information overload.Ex: Conversely, an unsympathetic principal can be the greatest obstacle to library development within a school.Ex: This has been a major source of inhibition to the development of British efforts to create a bank of microcopy versions of theses accepted.Ex: Harmonization of technical standards is one of the Community's principal goals in creating a common market devoid of obstructions to the free movement of goods.Ex: These stumbling blocks can often be bypassed in the initial stages of OSI implementation by choosing applications that do not require close integration with existing library systems.Ex: Publications describing or revealing an invention can be a bar to issuance of a patent.Ex: The problem in relation to communication is probably the most difficult of them all, as the blockage lies in people rather than with the library.Ex: The roadblock to increasing book translations into English is not that there is insufficient funding but that few publishers know about grant schemes that are available.Ex: Emotional blocks to reading can be formed by an unsatisfactory relationship with a teacher.* ayudar a eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.* carrera de obstáculos = steeplechase.* constituir un obstáculo = constitute + an obstacle.* creación de obstáculos = fence building.* eliminar obstáculos = clear + the path, clear + the way.* eliminar un obstáculo = remove + barrier, sweep away + obstacle.* encontrarse con un obstáculo = face + obstacle.* enfrentarse a un obstáculo = address + barrier.* obstáculo insalvable = insurmountable obstacle.* obstáculos = logjam [log-jam].* poner obstáculos = cramp.* preparación del terreno eliminando todo tipo de obstáculos = land-clearing.* presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.* que pone obstáculos = obstructive.* reducir un obstáculo = lower + barrier.* remover un obstáculo = remove + barrier.* remover un obstáculo, eliminar un obstáculo = remove + obstacle.* ser un obstáculo = stand in + the way (of).* sin obstáculos = unchecked, unhindered, unimpeded.* sin obstáculos de por medio = uncluttered.* sin obstáculos, sin obstrucciones = unobstructed.* superar un obstáculo = overcome + obstacle, jump over + hurdle, overcome + barrier, conquer + barrier.* vencer un obstáculo = surmount + obstacle, conquer + barrier.* * *obstaclequitaron los obstáculos del camino they cleared the obstacles from the road, they cleared the road of obstaclessuperar or salvar un obstáculo to overcome an obstacleno fue obstáculo para que ganara it did not stop o prevent him (from) winningme puso muchos obstáculos he put many obstacles in my pathel único obstáculo entre nosotros y la victoria the only obstacle between us and victory, the only thing that stands/stood between us and victoryun obstáculo para el éxito del proyecto an obstacle to the success of the project* * *
obstáculo sustantivo masculino
obstacle
obstáculo sustantivo masculino
1 (dificultad) handicap: no hay ningún obstáculo para que estudies Derecho, there's nothing stopping you from studying Law
2 (en un camino, etc) obstacle
una carrera de obstáculos, an obstacle race
' obstáculo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
escollo
- esquivar
- estorbo
- franquear
- insalvable
- remover
- salvar
- sortear
- vencer
- allanar
- apartar
- brincar
- chocar
- eliminar
- encontrar
- saltar
- subsanar
English:
bar
- barrier
- block
- chief
- clash
- clear
- get across
- get over
- get past
- hazard
- hurdle
- impassable
- impediment
- jump
- negotiate
- obstacle
- obstruction
- pitfall
* * *obstáculo nm1. [impedimento] obstacle ( para to);poner obstáculos a algo/alguien to put obstacles in the way of sth/sb2. [en una carrera] hurdle* * *m obstacle;carrera de obstáculos obstacle race;ponerle obstáculos a alguien make things difficult for s.o.;ponerle obstáculos a algo make sth difficult* * *obstáculo nmimpedimento: obstacle* * *obstáculo n obstacle -
12 Freundschaft
f; -, -en1. friendship; aus Freundschaft from feelings of friendship, because we’re etc. friends; aus alter Freundschaft for old friendship’s sake; in aller Freundschaft in all friendliness, as a friend; Freundschaft schließen mit make friends with; für jemanden Freundschaft hegen geh. have friendly feelings for s.o.; in Freundschaft leben mit be on good terms with s.o.; da hört die Freundschaft auf my friendship doesn’t extend that far, that’s presuming too much of our friendship2. nur Sg.; Dial. Freundeskreis* * *die Freundschaftfriendship; amity* * *Freund|schaft ['frɔyntʃaft]f -, -en1) (= freundschaftliches Verhältnis) friendshipmit jdm Fréúndschaft schließen — to make or become friends with sb, to form a friendship with sb
jdm die Fréúndschaft anbieten — to offer sb one's friendship
in aller Fréúndschaft — in all friendliness
da hört die Fréúndschaft auf (inf) — friendship doesn't go that far
in Geldsachen hört die Fréúndschaft auf — friendship doesn't extend to money matters
See:→ kündigen2) no pl dial = Verwandtschaft) relatives pl, relations pl* * *die1) (a friendship or partnership.) association2) (the state of being friends: Friendship is a wonderful thing.) friendship3) (a particular relationship between two friends: Our friendship grew through the years.) friendship* * *Freund·schaft<-, -en>f kein pl friendshipda hört die \Freundschaft auf! (fam) friendship doesn't extend that far!auf gute \Freundschaft trinken to drink to a lasting friendship[prost,] auf gute \Freundschaft! [cheers,] here's to good friends [or a lasting friendship]!jdm die \Freundschaft kündigen to break off [or liter sever] one's friendship with sbeine \Freundschaft pflegen to cultivate a friendship[mit jdm] \Freundschaft schließen to make [or become] friends [with sb], to form a friendship [with sb]in aller \Freundschaft in all friendliness* * *die; Freundschaft, Freundschaften friendshipmit jemandem Freundschaft schließen — make or become friends with somebody
* * *1. friendship;aus Freundschaft from feelings of friendship, because we’re etc friends;aus alter Freundschaft for old friendship’s sake;in aller Freundschaft in all friendliness, as a friend;Freundschaft schließen mit make friends with;für jemanden Freundschaft hegen geh have friendly feelings for sb;in Freundschaft leben mit be on good terms with sb;da hört die Freundschaft auf my friendship doesn’t extend that far, that’s presuming too much of our friendship* * *die; Freundschaft, Freundschaften friendshipmit jemandem Freundschaft schließen — make or become friends with somebody
* * *f.amity n.friendship n. -
13 nouer
nouer [nwe]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. ( = faire un nœud avec) to tieb. ( = entourer d'une ficelle) to tie upc. [+ relations] to strike up ; [+ amitié] to form2. reflexive verb► se nouer [amitié] to be formed* * *nwe
1.
1) ( attacher) to tie [lacets, cravate]; to tie up [chaussure, colis]2) ( contracter)3) ( établir) to establish [relations]; to engage in [dialogue]4) Cinéma, Littérature, Théâtre to weave [intrigue]
2.
se nouer verbe pronominal1) Cinéma, Littérature, Théâtre [intrigue] to take shape2) [relations diplomatiques] to be established; [dialogue, amitié] to begin* * *nwe vt1) [corde, fil] to tie, to knot2) fig, [alliance] to form* * *nouer verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( faire un nœud à) to tie [lacets, ceinture en tissu, cravate]; to tie up, to tie [sth] up [chaussure, colis]; nouer deux ficelles (ensemble) to tie ou knot two pieces of string (together);2 ( attacher) nouer qch autour de qch to tie sth round GB ou around US sth; nouer ses cheveux to tie one's hair back, to tie back one's hair;3 ( avec les bras) nouer ses bras autour du cou/de la taille de qn to put one's arms around sb's neck/waist;4 ( contracter) l'émotion me nouait la gorge I felt choked with emotion; avoir la gorge nouée to have a lump in one's throat; avoir l'estomac noué to have a knot in one's stomach;B se nouer vpr2 [relations diplomatiques] to be established; [dialogue] to begin;3 ( se contracter) ma gorge se nouait I had a lump in my throat; mon estomac se nouait my stomach knotted; tous les muscles de mon corps se nouaient all the muscles in my body were knotted.[nwe] verbe transitif1. [attacher ensemble - lacets, cordes] to tie ou to knot (together)elle noua ses cheveux avec un ruban she tied her hair back ou up with a ribbon3. [établir]4. TEXTILES to splice ou to knot (together)————————[nwe] verbe intransitif————————se nouer verbe pronominal (emploi passif)————————se nouer verbe pronominal intransitif1. [s'entrelacer] to intertwineses mains se nouèrent comme pour prier his hands joined ou came together as if to pray -
14 immer
Adv.1. always; (jedes Mal) auch every time; (fortwährend) auch constantly, all the time; immer währende Freundschaft eternal friendship; wie immer as always; immer noch oder noch immer still; es ist immer noch nicht da it still hasn’t arrived; er ist immer noch (immerhin) dein Chef he is your boss after all, he’s still your boss (when all’s said and done); immer wenn every time, whenever; für immer weggehen etc.: for good; immer wieder over and over again, time and again; etw. immer wieder tun (zum wiederholten Mal) do s.th. over and over again; (dauernd) keep (on) doing s.th.; es ist immer wieder dasselbe it’s the same (thing) every time; immer weiter reden keep (on) talking; umg. go on and on; immer und ewig for evermore; immer zu! umg. (mach weiter) don’t stop!; immer mit der Ruhe! umg. (take it) easy now; er soll nur immer kommen! umg. einladend: there’s no reason for him not to come; drohend: (just) let him come!; ihr könnt schon immer gehen bes. nordd. you can go if you want to2. vor Komp.: immer besser better and better; immer schlimmer worse and worse; immer größer werdend ever-increasing3. umg. (jeweils) at a time; immer den dritten Tag every third day; immer zu zweit eintreten, sich aufstellen etc.: in twos4. verallgemeinernd: wann auch immer whenever; was auch immer whatever; wer auch immer whoever; wie lang etc. auch immer however long etc.; wie auch immer du es machen willst etc. whichever way you choose etc.; wo auch immer wherever; wann / wo etc. auch immer ich... auch it doesn’t matter when / where etc. I..., no matter when (where etc.) I...* * *invariably; constantly; always; every time* * *ịm|mer ['ɪmɐ]advauf or für immer — for ever, for always
immer diese Aufregung/Nörgelei — this continual excitement/grumbling
immer diese Probleme! — all these problems!
immer das Telefon — that wretched phone (inf)
immer, wenn... — whenever..., every time that...
immer (schön) mit der Ruhe (inf) — take it easy
(nur) immer her damit! (inf) — (just) hand it over!
noch immer, immer noch — still
immer noch nicht — still not (yet)
bist du denn immer noch nicht fertig? — are you still not ready?, aren't you ready yet?
nur immer zu! — keep it up!, keep up the good work!
immer wieder — again and again, time after time, time and (time) again
etw immer wieder tun — to keep on doing sth
See:→ Sprung2) +compes nimmt immer mehr zu — it increases all the time, it increases continually, it keeps on increasing
sein Verhältnis zu ihr wird immer schlechter — his relationship with her gets worse and worse, his relationship with her goes from bad to worse
nicht immer, aber immer öfter — not always, but more and more often
3)4) (inf = jeweils)gib mir immer drei Bücher auf einmal — give me three books at a time
stellt euch in einer Reihe auf, immer zwei zusammen — line up in twos
* * *1) (at all times: I always work hard; I'll always remember her.) always2) (continually or repeatedly: He is always making mistakes.) always3) (always; continually: They lived happily ever after; I've known her ever since she was a baby.) ever4) (used for emphasis: The new doctor is ever so gentle; What ever shall I do?) ever5) (increasingly: It's becoming more and more difficult to see.) more and more* * *im·mer[ˈɪmɐ]I. adv1. (stets) always, all the timedas macht er \immer he's always doing that, he does that all the time\immer dieser Nebel/Regen! it's always foggy/raining!, it's foggy/raining all the time!\immer diese Katzen! those damned cats! fames ist \immer dasselbe! it's always the same!auf \immer (veraltet) for all timefür \immer foreverdas ist für \immer vorbei that's over and done with [or over for good]nicht \immer not alwaysschon \immer [o \immer schon] alwayses war schon \immer so it's always been like that [or been that way]das wollte ich \immer schon einmal tun I've always wanted to do thatich habe es schon \immer gewusst I knew that all along; (vermutet) I suspected as much\immer und überall always\immer und \immer again and again\immer während perpetual; Freundschaft, Glück eternal, everlastingder \immer währende Kalender the perpetual calendar2. (jedes Mal)\immer ich! (fam) why is it always me?, [it's] always me!\immer wenn... every time [that]...\immer wenn ich spazieren gehen will, regnet es why does it always rain when I want to go for a walk?\immer wieder again and again, over and over [again], time and time againetw \immer wieder tun to keep on doing sthjedes \immer besser als das andere each even better than the other\immer ärmer/reicher increasingly [or ever] poorer/richer, poorer and poorer/richer and richer\immer größer ever larger, larger and larger\immer häufiger more and more frequently\immer kleiner smaller and smaller\immer mehr more and more\immer mehr wachsen to keep on growing\immer am vierten Tag every fourth dayer nahm \immer zwei Stufen auf einmal he took two steps at a time5. (auch)wann/was/wer/wie/wo [auch] \immer whenever [or when ever]/whatever [or what ever]/whoever [or who ever]/how ever/wherever [or where ever]wen \immer sie sieht whoever [or form or liter whomever] she seeswenn \immer möglich SCHWEIZ as often as possibleII. part1. in Aussagen, Fragen\immer noch [o noch \immer] still\immer noch [o noch \immer] nicht still notist er denn \immer noch nicht zurück? is he still not back?, is he not back yet?\immer mal wieder every now and againso schnell du \immer kannst as fast as you possibly canlass ihn nur \immer tun! let him do what he wants!lass sie nur \immer kommen! keep them coming!lass uns \immer verschwinden! let's get out of here!\immer langsam voran! take your time!, not so fast!\immer mit der Ruhe! take it easy!, calm down!\immer weiter! just [you] carry on!, go ahead!nur \immer her damit! hand it over!, let's have it [then]!was machst du denn \immer? so what do you do?* * *1) alwayswie immer — as always; as usual
immer dieser Streit — you're/they're etc. always arguing
immer und ewig — for ever; (jedesmal) always
auf od. für immer [und ewig] — for ever [and ever]
immer wieder — again and again; time and time again
immer, wenn — every time that; whenever
2)immer dunkler/häufiger — darker and darker/more and more often
3) (ugs.): (jeweils)es durften immer zwei auf einmal eintreten — we/they were allowed in two at a time
4)wo/wer/wann/wie [auch] immer — wherever/whoever/whenever/however
immer noch, noch immer — still
6) (ugs.): (bei Aufforderung)immer langsam!/mit der Ruhe! — take it easy!
* * *immer advwie immer as always;noch immer still;es ist immer noch nicht da it still hasn’t arrived;dein Chef he is your boss after all, he’s still your boss (when all’s said and done);immer wenn every time, whenever;für immer weggehen etc: for good;immer wieder over and over again, time and again;etwas immer wieder tun (zum wiederholten Mal) do sth over and over again; (dauernd) keep (on) doing sth;immer weiter reden keep (on) talking; umg go on and on;immer und ewig for evermore;immer zu! umg (mach weiter) don’t stop!;immer mit der Ruhe! umg (take it) easy now;er soll nur immer kommen! umg einladend: there’s no reason for him not to come; drohend: (just) let him come!;ihr könnt schon immer gehen besonders nordd you can go if you want to2. vor komp:immer besser better and better;immer schlimmer worse and worse;immer größer werdend ever-increasing3. umg (jeweils) at a time;immer den dritten Tag every third day;immer zu zweit eintreten, sich aufstellen etc: in twos4. verallgemeinernd:wann auch immer whenever;was auch immer whatever;wer auch immer whoever;wie lang etcauch immer however long etc;wo auch immer wherever;wann/wo etc* * *1) alwayswie immer — as always; as usual
immer dieser Streit — you're/they're etc. always arguing
immer und ewig — for ever; (jedesmal) always
auf od. für immer [und ewig] — for ever [and ever]
immer wieder — again and again; time and time again
immer, wenn — every time that; whenever
2)immer dunkler/häufiger — darker and darker/more and more often
3) (ugs.): (jeweils)es durften immer zwei auf einmal eintreten — we/they were allowed in two at a time
4)wo/wer/wann/wie [auch] immer — wherever/whoever/whenever/however
immer noch, noch immer — still
6) (ugs.): (bei Aufforderung)immer langsam!/mit der Ruhe! — take it easy!
* * *adv.always adv.throughout adv. -
15 wiązać
2) to bindwiązać koniec z końcem — (przen) to make ends meet
wiązać z kimś nadzieje — to put lub place lub pin one's hopes on sb
* * *ipf.- żę -żesz1. (= łączyć, okręcając czymś) tie, fasten, wrap ( sth) (up l. together) ( czymś with sth); wiązać coś w pęczki bundle sth up l. together; tie sth up in bundles.2. (= krępować, ściskać) bind, truss (sb l. sth) (up) ( czymś with sth); (osobę l. jej kończyny) pinion; wiązać komuś ręce i nogi t. przen. bind l. tie sb hand and foot; wiązać włosy wstążką bind up one's hair with a ribbon.3. (= zaplątywać w węzeł) tie, knot; (= łączyć węzłem) knot ( sth) together; wiązać krawat/muszkę knot a necktie/bow tie.4. przest. (= organizować, zawiązywać) contrive.5. (o kleju, cemencie, zaprawie murarskiej) (= spajać) bond; ten klej wiąże szkło z metalem this glue bonds glass to metal; this glue bonds glass and metal together; (= twardnieć) set.6. przen. (= kojarzyć) connect, associate; ściśle związany z czymś closely connected with sth; bound up with sth; (= zaangażowany w coś) bound up in sth; wiązać koniec z końcem make (both) ends meet; scrape a living; wiązać z kimś/czymś (wielkie) nadzieje have (high) expectations for sb/sth.7. chem., biochem. (= wychwytywać, pochłaniać) fix; bakterie potrafią wiązać azot z atmosfery bacteria are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen.8. szachy (bierkę, ograniczając jej ruchy) pin.9. wojsk. ( siły nieprzyjaciela) engage.ipf.1. (= przymocowywać się) tie o.s., fasten o.s. ( do czegoś to sth).2. przen. (= tworzyć związek) wiązać się z kimś (= wybierać jako partnera) engage into a relationship with sb; wiązać się węzłem małżeńskim be joined in matrimony; pot. tie the knot.3. wiązać się z czymś (= przyłączać się) affiliate l. associate o.s. with sth.4. przen. (o skojarzeniach, zależnościach formalnych l. logicznych) wiązać się umową prawn. be bound by an agreement; z tym zezwoleniem wiąże się pewien warunek there is a condition attached to this permission; twoje nowe stanowisko wiąże się z większą odpowiedzialnością your new post entails greater responsibility; wiąże się z tym domem pewna opowieść there is a story connected with this house.5. ( o rzeczach połączonych spoiwem) t. chem. ( o atomach) bond; atomy węgla wiążą się w łańcuchy i pierścienie carbon atoms bond to form chains and rings.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > wiązać
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16 kojarz|yć
impf Ⅰ vt 1. (zauważać związek) to associate- kojarzyć fakty to put two and two together- kojarzyć coś z czymś to associate sth with sth- jej nazwisko kojarzono a. było kojarzone z obydwoma skandalami her name was associated with both scandals ⇒ skojarzyć2. (łączyć w związki) to match (up) [ludzi]; to mate [zwierzęta]- kojarzyć ludzi na podstawie znaków Zodiaku to match people according to their sun signs- kojarzyć pary to arrange relationships- umiejętnie kojarzone mariaże polityczne skilfully arranged political marriages- kojarzyć rodziny to match families with children waiting for adoption ⇒ skojarzyć3. (jednoczyć) to combine, to blend (coś z czymś sth with sth)- kojarzyła w swoich powieściach realizm z fantazją in her novels she combined realism with fantasy ⇒ skojarzyć4. pot. (rozpoznawać, pamiętać) nie kojarzę go I don’t remember him- wszyscy go tu kojarzą everybody knows him here5. pot. (rozumieć) już kojarzę, w czym rzecz now I know what it’s all about Ⅱ kojarzyć się 1. (nasuwać myśl) to be associated (z kimś/czymś with sb/sth)- ludziom faszyzm zazwyczaj kojarzy się z Niemcami people usually associate fascism with Germany- to mi się kojarzy z dzieciństwem it reminds me of my childhood- nic mi się z tą nazwą nie kojarzy the name doesn’t ring any bells a. a bell (with me)- to słowo się źle/dobrze kojarzy the word has negative/positive connotations- to mi się źle/dobrze kojarzy it brings back bad/good memories, it has bad/good associations for me ⇒ skojarzyć się2. (łączyć się w związki) [ludzie] to form a relationship- na takich wyjazdach często kojarzą się jakieś pary couples often get together on these trips ⇒ skojarzyć się3. (być połączonym) to be combined, to be blended- w tych powieściach realizm kojarzy się z fantastyką in the novels realism blends a. is blended with fantasy ⇒ skojarzyć sięThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > kojarz|yć
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17 aufbauen
(trennb., hat -ge-)I v/t1. (Zelt) put up; (Lager) set up; (Bude, Bühne, Kamera etc.) set ( oder put) up, erect; (Ausstellung, Schaubild) mount; (Gerüst) assemble; (Häuser, Stadt etc.) neu oder wieder aufbauen rebuild2. (anordnen) (Büffet, Geschenke, Waren) arrange3. (Unternehmen, Organisation) (gründen) set up, found; (erweitern) build up; sich (Dat) eine Existenz aufbauen build a life for o.s.; nach dem Krieg die Wirtschaft wieder aufbauen rebuild the economy after the war4. (Drama, Aufsatz) structure6. (Politiker, Sportler) karrieremäßig: build upIII v/i: aufbauen auf (+ Dat) Theorie etc.: be based on; dieser Kurs baut auf dem Anfängerkurs auf the course carries on from ( oder is based on) the beginners’ courseIV v/refl:1. Wolken, Aggressionen etc.: build up4. er baute sich vor mir auf he planted himself in front of me* * *(arrangieren) to arrange;(errichten) to build; to put up;(gründen) to found;(konstruieren) to structure; to construct;(synthetisieren) to synthesize;(wiederherstellen) to rebuild;sich aufbauento build up* * *auf|bau|en sep1. vt1) (= errichten) to put up; Verbindung, Netzwerk, System to set up; (= hinstellen) Ausstellungsstücke, kaltes Büfett, Brettspiel etc to set or lay out; (inf) Posten, Ordnungspersonal etc to post; (= zusammenbauen) elektrische Schaltung etc to put together, to assemble3) (fig = gestalten) Organisation, Land, Armee, Geschäft, Angriff, Druck, Spannung, Verbindung to build up; Zerstörtes to rebuild; Theorie, Plan, System to construct4) (fig = fördern, weiterentwickeln) Gesundheit, Kraft to build up; Star, Politiker to promote; Beziehung to buildjdn/etw zu etw áúfbauen — to build sb/sth up into sth
5)6) (= strukturieren, konstruieren) to construct; Aufsatz, Rede, Organisation to structure2. vi1) (= sich gründen) to be based or founded (auf +dat or acc on)2)wir wollen áúfbauen und nicht zerstören — we want to build and not destroy
3. vr1) (inf = sich postieren) to take up positioner baute sich vor dem Feldwebel/Lehrer auf und... — he stood up in front of the sergeant/teacher and...
sich vor jdm drohend áúfbauen — to plant oneself in front of sb (inf)
2) (=sich bilden Wolken, Hochdruckgebiet) to build up3)(= bestehen aus)
sich aus etw áúfbauen — to be built up or composed of sth4)(= sich gründen)
áúfbauen — to be based or founded on sth* * *1) (to strengthen gradually (a business, one's health, reputation etc): His father built up that grocery business from nothing.) build up2) (to achieve or gain (something): He carved out a career for himself.) carve out* * *auf|bau·enI. vteinen Motor \aufbauen (sl) to assemble an engine2. (errichten)▪ etw \aufbauen to erect sth; (aufstellen a.) to put up sth sep; (bauen a.) to build [or construct] sthein Zelt \aufbauen to put up sep [or erect] a tent3. (von neuem aufbauen)▪ etw \aufbauen to rebuild sthein Haus/Land neu [o wieder] \aufbauen to rebuild a house/country4. (hinstellen)ein kaltes Büfett \aufbauen to set [or lay] out a cold buffet sepein Schachspiel \aufbauen to set up a game of chess5. (schaffen, entwickeln)eine Beziehung/enge Bindung zu jdm \aufbauen to build up [or establish] a relationship/a close relationship with sbKontakte \aufbauen to build up contactseine Organisation \aufbauen to build up an organization sepeinen Staat \aufbauen to build a stateeine Theorie \aufbauen to construct a theory6. (herstellen)eine Verbindung \aufbauen to make [or form effect] a connection▪ etw \aufbauen to structure sthder Aufsatz ist logisch aufgebaut the essay is logically structuredwie ist der Kristall aufgebaut? what is the structure of the crystal?8. (basieren)9. (fördern)jdn zum Star \aufbauen to build up sb sep into [or to promote sb as] a star10. (verbessern)die Abwehrkräfte \aufbauen to build up body immunitydie Kondition wieder \aufbauen to rebuild staminaMuskulatur \aufbauen to build up muscle sep▪ jdn [wieder] \aufbauen (körperlich) to build up sb sep; (moralisch) to give fresh heart to sb; (aufmuntern) to cheer up sb, to lift sb's spirit sep12. (daraufbauen)die Karosserie auf das Fahrgestell \aufbauen to mount the body shell to the chassisII. vidieses Musikstück baut auf den Regeln der Zwölftonmusik auf this piece [of music] is based on twelve-tone principleswir sind noch dabei aufzubauen we are still buildingbis dahin müssen wir aufgebaut haben we have to have finished building by thenIII. vrsich drohend vor jdm \aufbauen to plant oneself in front of sb famRegenwolken bauten sich auf rainclouds started to build up4. (bestehen aus)* * *1.transitives Verb1) auch itr. (errichten, aufstellen) erect < hut, kiosk, podium>; set up <equipment, train set>; build < house, bridge>; put up < tent>2) (hinstellen, arrangieren) lay or set out <food, presents, etc.>3) (fig.): (schaffen) build <state, economy, social order, life, political party, etc.>; build up <business, organization, army, spy network>4) (fig.): (strukturieren) structure5) (fig.): (fördern)jemanden/etwas zu etwas aufbauen — build somebody/something up into something
jemanden als etwas aufbauen — build somebody up as something
6) (gründen)etwas auf etwas (Dat.) aufbauen — base something upon something
7) (Biol.) synthesize2.intransitives Verb3.auf etwas (Dat.) aufbauen — be based on something
reflexives Verb1) (ugs.): (sich hinstellen) plant oneself2) (sich zusammensetzen) be composed ( aus of)* * *aufbauen (trennb, hat -ge-)A. v/t1. (Zelt) put up; (Lager) set up; (Bude, Bühne, Kamera etc) set ( oder put) up, erect; (Ausstellung, Schaubild) mount; (Gerüst) assemble;wieder aufbauen rebuildsich (dat)eine Existenz aufbauen build a life for o.s.;nach dem Krieg die Wirtschaft wieder aufbauen rebuild the economy after the war5.B. v/t & v/i fig:aufbauen auf (+akk) build onC. v/i:aufbauen auf (+dat) Theorie etc: be based on;dieser Kurs baut auf dem Anfängerkurs auf the course carries on from ( oder is based on) the beginners’ courseD. v/r:1. Wolken, Aggressionen etc: build up2.3.sich aufbauen auf (+dat) Theorie etc: be based on4.er baute sich vor mir auf he planted himself in front of me* * *1.transitives Verb1) auch itr. (errichten, aufstellen) erect <hut, kiosk, podium>; set up <equipment, train set>; build <house, bridge>; put up < tent>2) (hinstellen, arrangieren) lay or set out <food, presents, etc.>3) (fig.): (schaffen) build <state, economy, social order, life, political party, etc.>; build up <business, organization, army, spy network>4) (fig.): (strukturieren) structure5) (fig.): (fördern)jemanden/etwas zu etwas aufbauen — build somebody/something up into something
6) (gründen)etwas auf etwas (Dat.) aufbauen — base something upon something
7) (Biol.) synthesize2.intransitives Verb3.auf etwas (Dat.) aufbauen — be based on something
reflexives Verb1) (ugs.): (sich hinstellen) plant oneself2) (sich zusammensetzen) be composed ( aus of)* * *v.to build (up) v.to establish v.to synthesise (UK) v.to synthesize (US) v. -
18 ἐς
ἐς, εἰς, ἐν (following noun governed, P. 4.44, P. 6.4, P. 9.55, I. 7.41 fr. 162, ?fr. 333a. 8.)1a to, towards, into.I generally, lit. & met.ἐς ἀφνεὰν ἱκομένους μάκαιραν Ἱέρωνος ἑστίαν O. 1.10
ἐκάλεσε πατὴρ τὸν εὐνομώτατον ἐς ἔρανον φίλαντε Σίπυλον O. 1.38
ὕδατος πυρὶ ζέοισαν εἰς ἀκμὰν μαχαίρᾳ τάμον (e Σ Mommsen: ἐπ codd.) O. 1.48ἐμὲ δ' ἐπὶ ταχυτάτων πόρευσον ἁρμάτων ἐς Ἆλιν O. 1.78
ῥοαὶ δ' ἐς ἄνδρας ἔβαν O. 2.34
ὁμόκλαρον ἐς ἀδελφεὸν ἄνθεα ἄγαγον O. 2.49
ἐς γαῖαν πορεύειν O. 3.25
ἐς ταύταν ἑορτὰν νίσεται O. 3.34
ἄγων ἐς φάος τόνδε δᾶμον ἀστῶν O. 5.14
φέρειν γῆρας εὔθυμον ἐς τελευτάν O. 5.22
ἦλθεν δ' Ἴαμος ἐς φάος O. 6.44
δεῦρο πάγκοινον ἐς χώραν ἴμεν O. 6.63
μαντεύσατο δ' ἐς θεὸν ἐλθών O. 7.31
πλόον εἶπε Λερναίας ἀπ' ἀκτᾶς εὐθὺν ἐς ἀμφιθάλασσον νομόν O. 7.33
ἐς Ἴστρον ἐλαύνων O. 8.47
[ βρότεα σώμαθ' ᾇ κατάγει κοίλαν ἐς ἄγυιαν θνᾳσκόντων (v. l. πρός) O. 9.34]εἰς Ἀίδα σταθμὸν ἀνὴρ ἵκηται O. 10.92
ἀλλά νιν ὕβρις εἰς ἀυάταν ὑπεράφανον ὦρσεν P. 2.28
εὖναι δὲ παράτροποι ἐς κακότατ' ἀθρόαν ἔβαλον P. 2.35
εἰς Ἀίδα δόμον κατέβα P. 3.11
πέμψεν κασιγνήταν ἐς Λακέρειαν P. 3.34
ἤλυθεν ἐς λέχος P. 3.99
“ Ταίναρον εἰς ἱερὰν Εὔφαμος ἐλθὼν” P. 4.44ἐς εὐδείελον χθόνα μόλῃ P. 4.76
ἐς δ' Ἰαολκὸν ἐπεὶ κατέβα P. 4.188
ἐς δὲ κίνδυνον βαθὺν ἰέμενοι P. 4.207
ἐς Φᾶσιν δἔπειτεν ἤλυθον P. 4.211
ἀπόλεμον ἀγαγὼν ἐς πραπίδας εὐνομίαν P. 5.67
ὀμφαλὸν ἐριβρόμου χθονὸς ἐς νάιον προσοιχόμενοι P. 6.4
“ ἐπὶ λαὸν ἀγείραις νασιώταν ὄχθον ἐς ἀμφίπεδον” P. 9.55ναυσὶ δ' οὔτε πεζὸς ἰών κεν εὕροις ἐς Ψπερβορέων ἀγῶνα θαυμαστὰν ὁδόν P. 10.30
μόλεν Δανάας ποτὲ παῖς ἐς ἀνδρῶν μακάρων ὅμιλον P. 10.46
ἴτε σὺν Ἡρακλέος ἀριστογόνῳ ματρὶ πὰρ Μελίαν χρυσέων ἐς ἄδυτον τριπόδων θησαυρὸν (Tric.: εἰς codd.) P. 11.4θαητὰν ἐς αἴγλαν παῖς Διὸς μόλεν N. 1.35
ἐς θαλάμου μυχὸν εὐρὺν ἔβαν N. 1.42
καὶ ἐς Αἰθίοπας ἔπαλτο (sc. ὄνυμ' αὐτῶν) N. 6.49εἰς Ἐφύραν ἵκοντο N. 7.37
φίλον ἐς ἄνδρ' ἄγων κλέος ἐτήτυμον αἰνέσω N. 7.62
κωμάσομεν παρ' Ἀπόλλωνος Σικυωνόθε,Μοῖσαι, τὰν νεοκτίσταν ἐς Αἴτναν, ὄλβιον ἐς Χρομίου δῶμ N. 9.2
—3.καί ποτ' ἐς ἑπταπύλους Θήβας ἄγαγον στρατὸν ἀνδρῶν N. 9.18
φαινομέναν δ' ἄῤ ἐς ἄταν σπεῦδεν ὅμιλος ἱκέσθαι N. 9.21
ὁ δ' ὄλβῳ φέρτατος ἵκετ ἐς κείνου γενεάν i. e. into relationship with him N. 10.14εὖ μὲν Ἀρισταγόραν δέξαι τεὸν ἐς θάλαμον N. 11.3
σὺν Χάρισιν δ' ἔμολον Λάμπωνος υἱοῖς τάνδ ἐς εὔνομον πόλιν I. 5.22
τὸν (= Τελαμῶνα)χαλκοχάρμαν ἐς πόλεμον ἆγε σύμμαχον ἐς Τροίαν I. 6.27
ἀνὰ δ' ἄγαγον ἐς φάος οἵαν μοῖραν ὕμνων I. 6.62
Ἄδραστον ἐξ ἀλαλᾶς ἄμπεμψας ἐς Ἄργος ἵππιον (Er. Schmid: εἰς codd.) I. 7.11ἐθέλοντ' ἐς οὐρανοῦ σταθμοὺς ἐλθεῖν μεθ ὁμάγυριν Βελλεροφόνταν I. 7.45
σὲ δ' ἐς νᾶσον Οἰνοπίαν ἐνεγκὼν I. 8.21
“ ἰόντων δ' ἐς ἄφθιτον ἄντρον εὐθὺς Χίρωνος αὐτίκ ἀγγελίαι” I. 8.41ἐς Τροία[ν Pae. 6.75
μή μιν εὔφρον' ἐς οἶκον μήτ ἐπὶ γῆρας ἱξέμεν βίου Pae. 6.115
ἀγ]λαάν τ ἐς αὐλὰν Pae. 7.3
ἀγλαὸν ἐς φάος ἰόντες δίδυμοι παῖδες Pae. 12.15
]δ εἰς [Ἀ]χέροντα[ Πα. 22e. 9. μάρτυς ἤλυθον ἐς χορὸν Παρθ. 2. 3. τεὸν δεῦτ' ἐς ἄλσος fr. 122. 18. δαιτίκλυτ[ον] πόλιν ἐς Ὀρχομενῶ διώξιππον ?fr. 333a. 8. up to,φαεννὸν ἐς αἰθέρα μιν πεμφθεῖσαν ἑᾷ κεφαλᾷ ἐξοπίσω γέρας ἔσσεσθαι O. 7.67
πίτναν τ' ἐς αἰθέρα χεῖρας ἁμᾶ ( εἰς coni. Er. Schmid) N. 5.11 ἐς τὸν ὕπερθεν ἅλιον κείνων ἐνάτῳ ἔτει ἀνδιδοῖ ψυχὰς πάλιν fr. 133. 2. πιτνάντες θοὰν κλίμακ' οὐρανὸν ἐς αἰπύν fr. 162. down into,βαθὺν εἰς ὀχετὸν ἄτας ἵζοισαν ἑὰν πόλιν O. 10.37
πέτρας φοίνισσα κυλινδομένα φλὸξ ἐς βαθεῖαν φέρει πόντου πλάκα P. 1.24
τὸν οὔτε χειμέριος ὄμβρος οὔτ' ἄνεμος ἐς μυχοὺς ἁλὸς ἄξοισι P. 6.12
“χθόνα τοί ποτε καὶ στρατὸν ἀθρόον πέμψαν κεραυνῷ τριόδοντί τε ἐς τὸν βαθὺν Τάρταρον Pae. 4.44
πρόφασις ἀρετὰν ἐς αἰπὺν ἔβαλε σκότον fr. 228. into (a vehicle)τὸ κρατήσιππον γὰρ ἐς ἅρμ' ἀναβαίνων N. 9.4
ἐς δίφρον Μοισᾶν ἔβαινον I. 2.2
II of journeying, uponἐς φανερὰν ὁδὸν ἔρχονται O. 6.73
ἐς πλόον ἀρχομένοις (v. l. ἐρχομένοις) P. 1.34ἕκαλος ἔπειμι γῆρας ἔς τε τὸν μόρσιμον αἰῶνα I. 7.41
III sc. δόμους, to the home ofεἴ τις εὐδόξων ἐς ἀνδρῶν ἄγοι τιμὰς Ἑλικωνιάδων I. 2.34
b towards, in the direction ofδᾶμον γεραίρων τράποι σύμφωνον ἐς ἡσυχίαν P. 1.70
δαίμων δ' ἕτερος ἐς κακὸν τρέψαις P. 3.35
καλῶν μὲν ὦν μοῖράν τε τερπνῶν ἐς μέσον χρὴ παντὶ λαῷ δεικνύναι publicly fr. 42. 4. ἀπήμονα εἰς ὄλβον τινὰ τράποιο Θήβαις, ὦ πότνια, πάγκοινον τέρας i. e. turn this omen into some manner of prosperity for Thebes Πα... εὖτ' ἂν ἴδω παίδων νεόγυιον ἐς ἥβαν look upon fr. 123. 12.c with a view to, with the object of, for “ φίλια δῶρα Κυπρίας ἄγ' εἴ τι ἐς χάριν τέλλεται” O. 1.75ὁπᾷ τε κοινὸν λόγον φίλαν τείσομεν ἐς χάριν O. 10.12
εὐώνυμον ἐς δίκαν τρία ἔπεα διαρκέσει N. 7.48
νεαρὰ δ' ἐξευρόντα δόμεν βασάνῳ ἐς ἔλεγχον ἅπας κίνδυνος N. 8.21
ἀλλ' Αἰακίδαν καλέων ἐς πλόον I. 6.36
Σκύριαι δ' ἐς ἄμελξιν γλάγεος αἶγες ἐξοχώταται fr. 106. 4.d with regard to, in reference toἐς δὲ τὸ πὰν ἑρμανέων χατίζει O. 2.85
( αἶνον)ποτ' ἐς Ἀμφιάρηον φθέγξατ O. 6.13
]κυριώτερο[ λτ;εἰς σοφίας λόγον> (supp. Snell ex Aristide.) fr. 260. 7. ἄμαχοί ( τινες) εἰς σοφίαν (si quidem recte hoc frag. Pindaro tribuitur, certe alia erat forma verborum apud P.) ?fr. 353.e of time, for, during.ὄλβος οὐκ ἐς μακρὸν ἀνδρῶν ἔρχεται P. 3.105
τὰ δ' εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν ἀτέκμαρτον προνοῆσαι P. 10.63
ἐς δὲ τὸν λοιπὸν χρόνον ἥροες ἁγνοὶ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων καλέονται fr. 133. 5.f dub. & frag. “ δοιὰ βοῶν θερμὰ δ' εἰς ἀνθρακιὰν στέψαν” ( πρὸς coni. Schr.: δὶς Turyn) fr. 168. 2. ]μενος οὔ κεν ἐς ἀπλακ[ Pae. 18.6
]τ' ἐς αὐτὸν[ Δ. 4f. 6.2 ἐν, a Doric form of ἐς.a to, towardsΚρισαῖον λόφον ἄμειψεν ἐν κοιλόπεδον νάπος θεοῦ P. 5.38
δεῦτ' ἐν χορόν, Ὀλύμπιοι fr. 75. 1.b intoξεστὸν ὅταν δίφρον ἔν θ' ἅρματα πεισιχάλινα καταζευγνύῃ σθένος ἵππιον P. 2.11
μιν ἐν πέλ[α]γ[ο]ς ῥιφθεῖσαν (ἀν Π̆{S}, i. e. ἀνὰ: πέλ[α]γ[ο]ς Wil.: πελ[ά]γε[ι G-H.) Πα. 7B. 46.c dub., upon πέσε δ (sc. κῦμ' Ἀίδα) ἀδόκητον ἐν καὶ δοκέοντα (codd.: δοκέοντι Fennel, Lobel: cf. ἐν 8.) N. 7.31d in regard to δῶρα καὶ κράτος ἐξέφαναν ἐγ γένος αὐτῷ (Wil.: ἐς γενεὰς codd.: ἐγγενὲς e Σ Ritterhuius: ἐς γένος Fulvius Orsinus) N. 4.68ἐν πάντα δὲ νόμον εὐθύγλωσσος ἀνὴρ προφέρει P. 2.86
θεοῦ δὲ δείξαντος ἀρχὰν ἕκαστον ἐν πρᾶγος fr. 108a. 2. -
19 Pretsch, Paul
[br]b. 1808 Vienna, Austriad. 1873 Vienna, Austria[br]Austrian printer and inventor of photogalvanography, one of the earliest commercial photomechanical printing processes.[br]The son of a goldsmith, Pretsch learned the printing trade in Vienna, where he worked until 1831. He then took up a series of posts in Germany, Belgium and Holland before returning to Vienna, where in 1842 he joined the Imperial State Printing Office. The office was equipped with a photographic studio, and Pretsch was encouraged to explore applications of photography to printing and the graphic arts. In 1851 he was sent to London to take responsibility for the Austrian printing exhibits of the Great Exhibition. This event proved to be a significant international show case for photography and Pretsch saw a great number of recent innovations and made many useful contacts. On returning to Vienna, he began to develop a process for producing printing plates from photographs. Using Talbot's discovery that bichromated gelatine swells in water after exposure to light, he electrotyped the relief image obtained. In 1854 Pretsch resigned from his post in Vienna and travelled back to London, where he patented his process, calling it photogalvanography. He went on to form a business, the Photo-Galvano-Graphic Company, to print and market his pictures.The Photographic Manager of the company was the celebrated photographer Roger Fenton, recently returned from his exploits on the battlefields of the Crimea. In 1856 the company issued a large serial work, Photographic Art Treasures, illustrated with Pretsch's pictures, which created considerable interest. The venture did not prove a commercial success, however, and although further plates were made and issued, Fenton found other interests to pursue and Pretsch was left to try to apply some of his ideas to lithography. This too had no successful outcome, and in 1863 Pretsch returned to Vienna. He was reappointed to a post at the Imperial State Printing Office, but his health failed and he made no further progress with his processes.[br]Bibliography9 November 1854, British patent no. 2,373. 11 August 1855, British patent no. 1,824.Further ReadingJ.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York.H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London. H.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London (an account of the relationship with Talbot's process).JW -
20 οἶδα
οἶδα (Hom.+) really the perf. of the stem εἰδ-(Lat. video), but used as a pres.; 2 sing. οἶδας (1 Cor 7:16; J 21:15f), οἶσθα (Dt 9:2 4 Macc 6:27), 1 pl. οἴδαμεν LXX, 2 pl. οἴδατε, 3 pl. οἴδασιν (ἴσασιν only Ac 26:4. The form οἴδασιν is found as early as Hdt. 2, 43, 1; X., Oec. 20, 14; SIG 182, 8 [362/361 B.C.]; PCairGoodsp 3, 7 [III B.C.]; οἶδαν GJs 17:1). ἴστε Eph 5:5; Hb 12:17; Js 1:19 can be indic. (so 3 Macc 3:14) or impv.; subj. εἰδῶ; inf. εἰδέναι; εἰδῆσαι Dt 4:35; Jdth 9:14; ptc. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα Mk 5:33; Ac 5:7. Plpf. ᾔδειν, 2 sg. ᾔδεις Mt 25:26; Lk 19:22, 3 pl. ᾔδεισαν (W-S. §13, 20). Fut. εἰδήσω Hb 8:11 (Jer 38:34) and εἴσομαι (Dg 12:1). B-D-F §99, 2; 101 p. 45 (εἰδέναι); W-S. §14, 7; Mlt-H. 220–22; Helbing p. 108; Mayser 321, 2; 327, 17; 372f; on relation to γινώσκω s. SPorter, Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the NT ’89, 282–87.① to have information about, knowⓐ w. acc. of pers. know someone, know about someone Mk 1:34; J 1:26, 31, 33; 6:42; 7:28a; Ac 3:16; 7:18 (Ex 1:8); Hb 10:30; 10:11. (τὸν) θεόν (Herm. Wr. 14, 8; Ar. 3, 2; Just., D. 10, 4; Tat. 19, 2) of polytheists, who know nothing about God (the one God described in vss. 6–7, and in contrast to the plurality of gods that have previously enslaved the Galatians vs. 8) Gal 4:8; 1 Th 4:5 (cp. Jer 10:25).ⓑ w. acc. of thing: οὐ τὴν ἡμέραν οὐδὲ τὴν ὥραν Mt 25:13; cp. 2 Cl 12:1. τὰς ἐντολάς Mk 10:19; Lk 18:20. βρῶσιν J 4:32. τ. ἐνθυμήσεις Mt 9:4 v.l. (cp. Jos., Vi. 283). τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν Ro 7:7. τὰ μυστήρια πάντα 1 Cor 13:2. τὰ ἐγκάρδια 2 Cl 9:9. τὰ κρύφια IMg 3:2. τὴν πόλιν Hs 1:1.ⓒ w. acc. of pers. and ptc. in place of the predicate (X., An. 1, 10, 16; TestJob 28:5; Just., A I, 12, 7.—B-D-F §416, 2; s. Rob. 1103) οἶδα ἄνθρωπον ἐν Χριστῷ … ἁρπαγέντα τὸν τοιοῦτον ἕως τρίτου οὐρανοῦ I know of a person in Christ … that he was transported into the third heaven 2 Cor 12:2. Also without the ptc. εἰδὼς αὐτὸν ἄνδρα δίκαιον (sc. ὄντα) because he knew that he was a just man Mk 6:20 (Chion, Ep. 3, 5 ἴσθι με προθυμότερον [ὄντα]). The obj. more closely defined by a declarative or interrog. clause: οἴδατε τὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ ὅτι ἐστὶν ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀχαί̈ας = οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ οἰκία Στεφανᾶ ἐστιν ἀπαρχὴ τῆς Ἀ. 1 Cor 16:15.—Ac 16:3 v.l. An indirect quest. may take the place of ὅτι: οἶδά σε τίς εἶ Mk 1:24; Lk 4:34. οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς πόθεν ἐστέ I do not know where you come from 13:25; cp. vs. 27 (ὑμᾶς is not found in all the mss. here); 2 Cl 4:5. τοῦτον οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστίν J 7:27; 9:29b.ⓓ foll. by acc. and inf. (Just., A I, 26, 4; 59, 6, D. 75, 4.—B-D-F §397, 1; s. Rob. 1036ff) Lk 4:41; 1 Pt 5:9; 1 Cl 62:3.ⓔ foll. by ὅτι (Aeneas Tact. 579; Dio Chrys. 31 [48], 1; Maximus Tyr. 16, 2b; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 14 [Stone p. 14]; JosAs 6:6 al.; Just., A I, 12, 11; D. 4, 4 al.—B-D-F §397, 1; Rob. 1035) Mt 6:32; 9:6; 15:12; 20:25; Mk 10:42; Lk 2:49; 8:53; J 4:25; Ac 3:17 and very oft.; GJs 4:4; 5:1; 17:1; 20:2 codd.; 23:2. εἰδὼς (εἰδότες) ὅτι Ac 2:30; 1 Cl 45:7; 2 Cl 7:1; 10:5; B 10:11; 19:6; IMg 14; ISm 4:1; Hs 8, 6, 1; 10, 3, 4 [Ox 404 recto, 15]; Pol 1:3; 4:1; 5:1; 6:1; D 3:10; AcPl Ha 1, 25; AcPlCor 2:29.—τοῦτο, ὅτι 1 Ti 1:9; 2 Ti 1:15. ἓν οἶδα, ὅτι I know just this one thing, that J 9:25b (Vi. Aesopi I c. 17 p. 269, 16f Eb. οὐκ οἶδα, τί γέγονεν. ἓν δʼ οἶδα μόνον, ὅτι …).—The formula οἴδαμεν ὅτι is freq. used to introduce a well-known fact that is generally accepted Mt 22:16; Lk 20:21; J 3:2; 9:31; Ro 2:2; 3:19; 7:14; 8:22, 28; 2 Cor 5:1; 1 Ti 1:8; 1J 3:2; 5:18ff. Paul also uses for this purpose the rhetorical question (ἢ) οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι; Ro 6:16; 1 Cor 3:16; 5:6; 6:2f, 9, 15f, 19; 9:13, 24.ⓕ w. indirect quest. foll.: (TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 1 [Stone p. 60] μὴ εἰδὼς τίς ἐστίν; Just., D. 65, 1 οὐκ οἶδα τί φῶ) τίς, τί Mt 20:22; Mk 9:6 (HBaltensweiler, D. Verklärung Jesu ’59, 114f; on the grammar as well as the theme of inappropriateness in the face of transcendence cp. Eur., Bacch. 506, s. also 358); 10:38; 14:40; J 5:13; 6:6; 9:21b; 13:18; 15:15; Ro 8:27; 11:2; 1 Th 4:2; 2 Ti 3:14; IEph 12:1. ποῖος Mt 24:42f; Lk 12:39. ἡλίκος Col 2:1. οἷος 1 Th 1:5. ποῦ (ParJer 5:13) J 3:8; 8:14; 12:35 14:5; 20:2, 13. πῶς (BGU 37, 7; ApcMos 31) J 9:21a; Col 4:6; 2 Th 3:7; 1 Ti 3:15; GJs 23:3. πότε Mk 13:33, 35. πόθεν J 2:9a; 3:8; 7:28b; 8:14; 9:30. Foll. by εἰ whether (Lucian, Tox. 22) J 9:25; 1 Cor 7:16ab (JJeremias, Bultmann Festschr. ’54, 255–66 understands τί οἶδας εἰ as ‘perhaps’; CBurchard, ZNW 61, ’70, 170f); Hm 12, 3, 4.—εἴτε 2 Cor 12:2f.ⓖ followed by a relat. (PPetr II, 11 [1], 7 [III B.C.]) οἶδεν ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὧν χρείαν ἔχετε Mt 6:8; cp. Mk 5:33; 2 Ti 1:12.ⓗ foll. by περί τινος (Just., D. 5, 1) know about someth. Mt 24:36; Mk 13:32 (RBrown, Jesus, God and Man ’67, 59–79).ⓘ abs. (Just., A I, 21, 4 πρὸς εἰδότας λέγειν οὐκ ἀνάγκη) Mt 21:27; Mk 4:27; Lk 11:44; J 2:9b; 1 Cl 43:6. καθὼς (αὐτοὶ) οἴδατε as you (yourselves) know Ac 2:22; 1 Th 2:2, 5; cp. 3:4. καίπερ εἰδ. though you know (them) 2 Pt 1:12. ὁ θεὸς οἶδεν God knows (that I do) 2 Cor 11:11; cp. 9:9. ἴστε Js 1:19 (indic.: HermvSoden; BWeiss; Weymouth; W-S. §14, 7; impv: Hollmann; MDibelius; Windisch; OHoltzmann; Hauck; Meinertz; NRSV ‘You must understand this’; B-D-F §99, 2; Mlt. 245).② be intimately acquainted with or stand in a close relation to, know οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον I don’t know the man Mt 26:72, 74; cp. Mk 14:71; Lk 22:57. ὥστε ἡμεῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν οὐδένα οἴδαμεν κατὰ σάρκα 2 Cor 5:16. οὐ γὰρ ᾔδει αὐτὸν ἐν σαρκί AcPl Ant 13, 16 (for this εἶδεν ἀυτὸν σαρκί Aa I 237, 2).— To know God, i.e. not only to know theoretically of God’s existence, but to have a positive relationship with God, or not to know God, i.e. wanting to know nothing about God: 2 Th 1:8; Tit 1:16.—J 7:28b; 8:19 al.—οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς I have nothing to do with you Mt 25:12. Cp. the formula of similar mng. by which a teacher excluded a scholar for seven days: Billerb. I 469; IV 293.③ to know/understand how, can, be able w. inf. foll. (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 46; Philosoph. Max. p. 497, 7 εἰδὼς εὔχεσθαι; Herodian 3, 4, 8; Jos., Bell. 2, 91; 5, 407) οἴδατε δόματα ἀγαθὰ διδόναι you know how to give good gifts Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13 (cp. TestJob 44:3 ᾔδεισαν εὖ ποιεῖν). οἴδατε δοκιμάζειν you understand how to interpret 12:56ab. οἶδα καὶ ταπεινοῦσθαι, οἶδα καὶ περισσεύειν Phil 4:12. εἰδέναι ἕκαστον ὑμῶν τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος κτᾶσθαι ἐν ἁγιασμῷ each one of you is to know how to possess his own vessel (s. σκεῦος 3) in consecration 1 Th 4:4. τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου προστῆναι οὐκ οἶδεν does not know how to manage his own household 1 Ti 3:5. εἰδὼς καλὸν ποιεῖν Js 4:17. οἶδεν κύριος εὐσεβεῖς ἐκ πειρασμοῦ ῥύεσθαι 2 Pt 2:9. οἴδασιν διὰ κόπου … πορίζειν ἑαυτοῖς τὴν τροφήν 10:4. εἰδὼς φέρειν μαλακίαν one who knew how to endure pain 1 Cl 16:3 (Is 53:3).—Abs. ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it (=the tomb) as secure as you can Mt 27:65.④ to grasp the meaning of someth., understand, recognize, come to know, experience (Just., D. 114, 1 ἣν τέχνην ἐὰν μὴ εἰδῶσιν [of allegorizing]; Sallust. 3 p. 4, 8 τοῖς δυναμένοις εἰδέναι=to those who can understand it) w. acc. of thing τὴν παραβολήν Mk 4:13. τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ πυροῦ σπόρον … ὅτι the sowing of wheat … that AcPlCor 2:26. τὰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου understand what is really human 1 Cor 2:11. τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ χαρισθέντα ἡμῖν vs. 12. τὰ συνέχοντά με IRo 6:3. W. indir. quest. foll. εἰδέναι τίς ἐστιν ἡ ἐλπίς come to know what the hope is Eph 1:18. οὐκ οἶδα τί λέγεις I do not understand what you mean (Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 1, 7, 4; TestAbr A 16, p. 98, 10 [Stone p. 44] οἶδα τί λέγεις) Mt 26:70; cp. J 16:18; 1 Cor 14:16. Lk 22:60 (Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 9 οὐκ οἶσθα ἃ λέγεις; Just., D. 9, 1 οὐ γὰρ οἶδας ὅ λέγεις). εἴσεσθε ὅσα παρέχει ὁ θεός you will experience what God bestows Dg 12:1.—Esp. of Jesus’ ability to fathom people’s thoughts: τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν Mt 12:25. τὴν ὑπόκρισιν Mk 12:15. τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς αὐτῶν Lk 6:8; cp. 11:17. PEg2 50 (=ASyn. 280, 45). W. ἐν ἑαυτῷ added and ὅτι foll. J 6:61.⑤ to remember, recollect, recall, be aware of λοιπὸν οὐκ οἶδα εἴ τινα ἄλλον ἐβάπτισα I don’t recall baptizing anyone else 1 Cor 1:16 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 1, 1 οἶσθα αὐτόν, ἢ ἐπιλέλησαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον; οὐκ, ἀλλʼ οἶδα, ὦ Γλυκέριον; Field, Notes 187).⑥ to recognize merit, respect, honor εἰδέναι τοὺς κοπιῶντας ἐν ὑμῖν respect the people who work among you 1 Th 5:12 (εἰδέναι τινά can mean recognize or honor someone [Ael. Aristid. 35, 35 K.=9 p. 111 D. τοὺς κρείττους εἰδέναι] but can also mean take an interest in someone, care for someone: Witkowski 30, 7 οἱ θεοί σε οἴδασιν). θεὸν καὶ ἐπίσκοπον εἰδέναι honor God and the bishop ISm 9:1.—τοῦτο ἴστε γινώσκοντες Eph 5:5 has been viewed as a Hebraism (so ARobinson 1904 ad loc., calling attention to LXX 1 Km 20:3 γινώσκων οἶδεν and Sym. Jer 49 [42]: 22 ἴστε γινώσκοντες), but against this view SPorter, ZNW 81, ’90, 270–76.—B. 1209. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.
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