(be+more+powerful)

I

• НАБИРАТЬ/НАБРАТЬ СИЛУ <-ы>

[VP; subj: usu. collect or abstr]

=====

⇒ to become more powerful, intensify:

- X набирает силу≈ X is gathering strength < force>;

- X is gaining (in) strength;

- X is growing more powerful;

- X is growing stronger.

     ♦ "...Технократический аппарат ему [Орджоникидзе] предан. Но предан до поры до времени, предан, пока набирает силу. А вот когда они наберут силу, они обойдутся без товарища Орджоникидзе!" (Рыбаков 2). "...The technocratic staffs are loyal to him [Ordzhonikidze]. But they are loyal only for the time being, only while they are gathering strength. And once they have gathered that strength, they will do without Comrade Ordzhonikidze!" (2a).

     ♦ Индустрия смерти набирала силу, и надо было готовиться к обороне, обороне с пустыми руками, в которой они погибнут, но погибнут с честью (Рыбаков 1). The death industry was gathering force and the people had to prepare to defend themselves, to defend themselves with their bare hands, to die in the act, but to die with honour (1a).

     ♦...Мы сами помогали - молчанием или одобрением - сильной власти набирать силу и защищаться от хулителей... (Мандельштам 1)....Either by silence or consent we ourselves helped the system to gain in strength and protect itself against its detractors... (1a).

II

• НАДРЫВАТЬ/НАДОРВАТЬ (ПОДРЫВАТЬ/ПОДОРВАТЬ) СИЛЫ чьи

[VP; subj: usu. abstr]

=====

⇒ to exhaust s.o. utterly and for a long time:

- X надорвал Y-овы силы≈ X sapped (all) Y's strength;

- X drained all of Yls strength;

- X totally drained Y;

- [in limited contexts] X broke Y's health.

     ♦ [author's usage] Последние недели, проведенные Наташей в комнате матери, надорвали ее физические силы (Толстой 7). Those weeks spent in her mother's room had completely broken Natasha's health (7a).

f question of who is (the) more powerful, question of superior strength

* * *

f question of power

* * *

Machtfrage f question of who is (the) more powerful, question of superior strength

= Teamster.

Nota: Una de los sindicados más grandes y fuertes de los Estados Unidos.

Ex. Although white Teamster leaders privately held racist views, they argued publicly against racial hostility & exclusion in order to build a more powerful labor organization.

* * *

= Teamster.

Nota: Una de los sindicados más grandes y fuertes de los Estados Unidos.

(v.) = break out into + declared war, go to + war, take up + arms

Ex. The long-simmering row between Dialog Information Services and Chemical Abstracts Services has broken out into declared war.

Ex. The article 'Some speculations on why the British library profession didn't go to war' compares the varying response of British and American libraries to World War I.

Ex. The Declaration of Independence was made all the more powerful because of the power of printing to multiply copies and to support public readings of it as the American colonies took up arms against England.

* * *

(v.) = erase + misconceptions

Ex. Measurement of library activities can provide the evidence to erase misconceptions and add weight to those aspects of service that present a more powerful image = La medición de las actividades bibliotecarias puede proporcionar las pruebas necesarias para erradicar falsas ideas y apoyar aquellos aspectos del servicio que presentan una mejor imagen de la biblioteca.

* * *

premium gasoline, four-star petrol, four-star gasoline.

* * *

four-star petrol

* * *

* * *

(n.) = premium gasoline, premium gas

Ex. It is a blend of 10 percent premium gasoline and 90 percent unleaded gasoline.

Ex. Engines requiring premium gas are typically the more powerful ones found in sports.

* * *

* * *

* * *

premium gasoline, Br

four-star (petrol)

(n.) = pressure wash, jet wash

Ex. Pressure wash equipment is similar to a typical coin-op car wash only portable and more powerful.

Ex. The effect was similar to using a high-pressured jet wash on your car.

* * *

(n.) = car wash

Ex. Pressure wash equipment is similar to a typical coin-op car wash only portable and more powerful.

* * *

(v.) = take up + arms

Ex. The Declaration of Independence was made all the more powerful because of the power of printing to multiply copies and to support public readings of it as the American colonies took up arms against England.

* * *

(v.) = take + arms against, rebel (against)

Ex. The Declaration of Independence was made all the more powerful because of the power of printing to multiply copies and to support public readings of it as the American colonies took up arms against England.

Ex. It is still a way to rebel against the school establishment, parents and a way for non-smoking teenagers to gain one-upmanship over those who smoke.

* * *

(adj.) = coin-operated, coin-op

Ex. The question is: are libraries responsible for the potentially illegal use of coin-operated photocopying machines?.

Ex. Pressure wash equipment is similar to a typical coin-op car wash only portable and more powerful.

* * *

to prepare for war.

* * *

(v.) = take up + arms

Ex. The Declaration of Independence was made all the more powerful because of the power of printing to multiply copies and to support public readings of it as the American colonies took up arms against England.

* * *

cesse [sεs]

• sans cesse ( = tout le temps) constantly ; ( = sans interruption) continuously

• elle est sans cesse après lui she nags him constantly

• la pluie tombe sans cesse depuis hier it's been raining non-stop since yesterday

* * *

* * *

* * *

cesse nf elle n'a de cesse de démontrer/répéter/dénoncer… she's forever demonstrating/repeating/denouncing…; sans cesse [parler, changer] constantly; un nombre sans cesse grandissant an ever increasing number; des machines sans cesse plus puissantes ever more powerful machines.

[sɛs] nom féminin

n'avoir de cesse que (soutenu) : elle n'aura de cesse qu'elle n'ait trouvé la réponse she will not rest until she finds the answer

————————

sans cesse locution adverbiale

continually, constantly

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines

[br]

[br]

[br]

Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.

Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.

In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.

Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.

[br]

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

[br]

[br]

[br]

Von Ohain studied engineering at the University of Göttingen, where he carried out research on gas-turbine engines, and centrifugal compressors in particular. In 1935 he patented a design for a jet engine (in Britain, Frank Whittle patented his jet-engine design in 1930). Von Ohain was recruited by the Heinkel company in 1936 to develop an engine for a jet aircraft. Ernst Heinkel was impressed by von Ohain's ideas and gave the project a high priority. The first engine was bench tested in September 1937. A more powerful version was developed and tested in air, suspended beneath a Heinkel dive-bomber, during the spring of 1939. A new airframe was designed to house the revolutionary power plant and designated the Heinkel He 178. A short flight was made on 24 August 1939 and the first recognized flight on 27 August. This important achievement received only a lukewarm response from the German authorities. Von Ohain's turbojet engine had a centrifugal compressor and developed a thrust of 380 kg (837 lb). An improved, more powerful, engine was developed and installed in a new twin-engined fighter design, the He 280. This flew on 2 April 1941 but never progressed beyond the prototype stage. By this time two other German companies, BMW and Junkers, were constructing successful turbojets with axial compressors: luckily for the Allies, Hitler was reluctant to pour his hard-pressed resources into this new breed of jet fighters. After the war, von Ohain emigrated to the United States and worked for the Air Force there.

[br]

• Действительно, этот процесс (= способ) является значительно более мощным (= сильным), чем... - Indeed, this process is much more powerful than...

• Наиболее известным и наиболее мощным из них является... - The best known and most powerful of these is...

( bála-) mfn. possessing power, powerful, mighty, strong, intense VS. etc. etc.;

( vīryá-) mfn. possessing vigour orﾠ might, strong, powerful, efficacious, victorious AV. etc. etc.;

mfn. = vīryá-vat TS. TBr. Kāṭh.