(ai+sensi)

hĕbes, ĕtis ( acc. sing. hebem, Enn. and Caecil. ap. Charis. p. 107 P.; abl. hebeti;

but hebete,

Cels. 7, 3), adj. [hebeo], blunt, dull, in opp. to pointed or sharp (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense).

Lit.: cujus (lunae) et nascentis et insenescentis alias hebetiora alias acutiora videntur cornua, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 122, 1:

tela leviora atque hebetiora,

id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:

quo latiora (ossa) quaque parte sunt, hoc hebetiora,

Cels. 8, 1, 66:

ponite jam gladios hebetes, pugnetur acutis,

Ov. A. A. 3, 589:

machaera,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 53; cf.:

hebeti mucrone,

Lucr. 5, 1274, and hebeti ictu, which does not penetrate, Ov. M. 12, 85:

oryx hebeti ferro caeditur,

Juv. 11, 140:

secures,

id. 8, 137:

angulus,

obtuse, Front. de Form. Agr. p. 32 Goes.—As subst.: hĕbĕtĭa, ium, n., blunt tools, Quint. 2, 12, 18.—

Transf., of sight, hearing, smell, taste, dull, dim, faint:

utroque oculo natura hebete,

Plin. 9, 15, 20:

color,

Ov. F. 5, 365; cf.:

(orbem solis) adhuc hebetem vicina nocte,

Stat. Ach. 2, 289:

carbunculi hebetiores,

Plin. 37, 7, 26, § 98:

postea quam sensi populi Romani aures hebetiores, oculos autem esse acres atque acutos,

Cic. Planc. 27, 66; cf. id. Rep. 6, 18:

uva gustu hebes,

tasteless, insipid, Col. 3, 2, 24: genus croci, without smell (opp. odoratum), Plin. 21, 11, 39, § 67:

os hebes est, positaeque movent fastidia mensae,

without appetite, Ov. P. 1, 10, 7:

caro,

without feeling, dead, Cels. 7, 6, 8; 7, 13, 1:

ossa gingivarum,

id. 6, 15, 17:

qui torpet hebes locus ille,

Ov. A. A. 3, 799. —

Trop., dull, obtuse, sluggish, heavy, doltish, stupid (syn.:

bardus, stupidus, ineptus, absurdus, stultus, fatuus, stolidus, brutus, etc.): sensus omnes hebetes et tardos esse arbitrabantur,

Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31:

puer incessu tardus, sensu hebes,

Plin. 7, 16, 17, § 76:

tanta solertia animalium hebetissimis quoque est,

id. 9, 30, 48:

Epicurus, quem hebetem et rudem dicere solent Stoici,

Cic. Div. 2, 50, 103; cf.:

omnium ceterarum rerum oratio ludus est homini non hebeti neque inexercitato neque communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis experti,

id. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

memoria,

id. ib. 2, 87, 357:

me hebetem molestiae reddiderunt,

id. Att. 9, 17, 2:

nisi qui sit plane hebes,

Quint. 7, 1, 48:

nisi forte tam hebes futurus est judex, ut, etc.,

id. 4, 2, 66: hebes ad aliquid, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1; cf.:

quis adeo hebes inveniretur, ut crederet? etc.,

Tac. A. 14, 11: exercitus hebes infirmusque, raw, undisciplined,=rudis, Sall. J. 54, 3: hebes ad sustinendum laborem [p. 844] miles, sluggish, slow, tardy, Tac. H. 2, 99; Ov. M. 13, 135:

adulescentia bruta et hebes,

Sen. Ben. 3, 37, 3:

spondeus quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior,

Cic. Or. 64, 216: sed hac rhetorica philosophorum, non nostra illa forensi, quam necesse est, cum populariter loquatur, esse interdum paulo hebetiorem, i. e. more superficial, common (opp. to philosophical acuteness, nicety), id. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

dolor,

id. Att. 8, 3, 4:

hoc Pansa aut non videt (hebeti enim ingenio est) aut negligit,

id. Phil. 10, 8, 17; cf.:

hebetiora hominum ingenia,

id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

ratio,

Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119:

quaedam hebes, sordida, jejuna oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 49:

quasdam (litteras) velut acriores parum efficimus et aliis non dissimilibus sed quasi hebetioribus permutamus,

id. 1, 11, 4.—Of a speaker: hebes lingua, magis malus quam callidus ingenio, Ps.-Sall. de Rep. 2, 9, 1.

jam-prīdem (and separat. jam prī-dem; v. jam and pridem), adv., long ago, long since, a long time ago:

id jam pridem sensi,

Plaut. Pseud. 1, 5, 7:

is jam pridem mortuus est,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Att. 11, 14, 4:

erat jam pridem apud me reliquum pauxillulum nummorum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 3:

jam pridem quidem, cum vultus inter vos minime fraternos cernebam,

Liv. 40, 8;

so opp. nondum,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

te nunc etiam,

Cic. Marc. 9, 28:

te nunc vero,

id. Att. 2, 7, 4.—

Esp., This long time, now for a long time, hitherto:

cupio equidem, et jam pridem cupio, etc.,

Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:

jam pridem hanc prolem cupio enumerare meorum,

Verg. A. 6, 717; id. E. 2, 43:

nihil jam sum pridem admiratus magis,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1:

qui bellum jam pridem parabat,

had long been preparing, Just. 12, 8, 2:

veritus ne traderetur Philippo, jam pridem hosti,

Liv. 36, 14; v. jam, I. A. 1. b., and pridem.

jam-prīdem (and separat. jam prī-dem; v. jam and pridem), adv., long ago, long since, a long time ago:

id jam pridem sensi,

Plaut. Pseud. 1, 5, 7:

is jam pridem mortuus est,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Att. 11, 14, 4:

erat jam pridem apud me reliquum pauxillulum nummorum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 3:

jam pridem quidem, cum vultus inter vos minime fraternos cernebam,

Liv. 40, 8;

so opp. nondum,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

te nunc etiam,

Cic. Marc. 9, 28:

te nunc vero,

id. Att. 2, 7, 4.—

Esp., This long time, now for a long time, hitherto:

cupio equidem, et jam pridem cupio, etc.,

Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:

jam pridem hanc prolem cupio enumerare meorum,

Verg. A. 6, 717; id. E. 2, 43:

nihil jam sum pridem admiratus magis,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1:

qui bellum jam pridem parabat,

had long been preparing, Just. 12, 8, 2:

veritus ne traderetur Philippo, jam pridem hosti,

Liv. 36, 14; v. jam, I. A. 1. b., and pridem.

occallesco ( obc-), lui, 3, v. inch. n. [ob-calleo], to get a thick skin; to grow or become callous.

Lit.:

latera occallescunt plagis,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 13; Cels. 4, 24. — Poet., of one metamorphosed into a swine:

os sensi occallescere rostro,

Ov. M. 14, 282.—

Trop., to become callous, hardened, insensible:

jam prorsus occallui,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 4:

longā patientiā occallui,

Plin. Ep. 2, 15, 2:

sic mores occalluere,

Col. 8, 16, 6.

occallesco ( obc-), lui, 3, v. inch. n. [ob-calleo], to get a thick skin; to grow or become callous.

Lit.:

latera occallescunt plagis,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 13; Cels. 4, 24. — Poet., of one metamorphosed into a swine:

os sensi occallescere rostro,

Ov. M. 14, 282.—

Trop., to become callous, hardened, insensible:

jam prorsus occallui,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 4:

longā patientiā occallui,

Plin. Ep. 2, 15, 2:

sic mores occalluere,

Col. 8, 16, 6.

prĭor and prĭus (old form also in neutr. prior, Val. Antias and Quadrig. ap. Prisc. p. 767), ōris, adj. comp. [from obsol. prep. pri; v. primus init. ], former, previous, prior, freq. to be translated first; cf. superior; Cicero nearly always uses prior, opp. to posterior, in time; superior in sense of former, in gen. relation to the present, when no other time is expressed; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 921 sq.

Lit.:

ita priori posterius, posteriori superius non jungitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44:

me quaestorem in primis, aedilem priorem, praetorem primum populus Romanus faciebat,

id. Pis. 1, 2:

qui prior has angustias occupaverit,

first, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

prior proelio lacessere,

id. ib. 1, 82:

etsi utrique primas, priores tamen libenter deferunt Laelio,

Cic. Brut. 21, 84:

priore loco causam dicere,

first, id. Quint. 9, 32:

priore aestate,

in the former summer, last summer, id. Fam. 1, 9, 24:

priore nocte,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 8:

factum est enim meā culpā, ut priore anno non succederetur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2:

prioribus comitiis,

id. Planc. 22, 54:

priore anno,

the year before, Liv. 3, 9, 7; 3, 10, 14; 4, 56, 5:

prioris anni consules,

id. 4, 13, 10; 4, 17, 9:

Dionysius prior,

the elder, Nep. Dion, 1, 3:

vinum,

of last year, Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120:

priore libro,

in the previous book, Col. 4, 22, 9:

pedes,

the forefeet, Nep. Eum. 5, 5; Plin. 8, 45, 70, § 181:

canities homini semper a priori parte capitis, tum deinde ab aversā,

the forepart, Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 131.—Pleon.:

cum prior Romanus exercitus praevenisset,

Liv. 9, 23, 2:

prius praecepta res erat,

id. 21, 32, 7; cf. id. 9, 23, 2.— Old neutr. prior: hoc senatusconsultum prior factum est, Val. Antias ap. Prisc. p. 767 P.:

prior bellum, Quadrig. ib.: foedus prior,

id. ib. (cf.: bellum Punicum posterior, Cass. Hem. ib.).—

Former, i. e. deceased (late Lat.):

inter prieres fratres,

Amm. 21, 6, 2.—

Subst.: prĭōres, um, m., forefathers, ancestors, the ancients ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

abiturus illuc, quo priores abierunt,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 16:

nomen dixere priores Ortygiam,

Verg. A. 3, 693:

nec ingeniis investigata priorum,

Ov. M. 15, 146; 332:

priores tradiderunt,

Col. 1, 4, 3:

nostri,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4:

more priorum,

Ov. M. 10, 218; Sen. Ep. 52, 2.—

Trop., better, superior, preferable, more excellent or important (not in Cic. and Cæs.):

bellante prior,

Hor. C. S. 51:

color puniceae flore prior rosae,

id. C. 4, 10, 4; Ov. H. 18, 69:

ut nemo haberetur prior,

Liv. 27, 8:

aetate et sapientiā,

Sall. J. 10, 7:

consilio et manu,

id. ib. 96, 3:

neque prius, neque antiquius quidquam habuit, quam, etc.,

Vell. 2, 52, 4.—Esp. with potior:

potius quanto prius potiusque est Philippum nobis conjungere quam hos,

Vell. 36, 7, 6:

nulla (res) prior potiorque visa est,

id. 8, 29, 2:

nihil prius nec potius visum,

id. 39, 47, 4: unus Plinius est mihi priores, i. e. worth more than they all, Sent. Augur. ap. Plin. Ep. 4, 27, 4:

artium multitudine prior omnibus, eloquentiā nulli secundus,

App. Flor. 2, p. 346.—Hence, adv. comp.: prĭus.

Before, sooner, first, previously (class.).

Alone:

quem fuit aequius, ut prius introieram in vitam, sic prius exire de vitā,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

regem prius Europā, post et Asiā, expellere,

Liv. 37, 52, 4:

ut vos prius experti estis, nunc Antiochus experitur,

id. 36, 17, 8; so,

prius... nunc,

Verg. G. 3, 362:

prius... tum,

Cato, R. R. 135; Liv. 34, 55, 5:

prius.... postea,

id. 29, 12, 11.—

With quam, and often joined in one word, priusquam.

Before that, before:

prius quam lucet, assunt,

before dawn, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 115:

prius illi erimus quam tu,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 68:

prius quam plane aspexit ilico eum esse dixit,

id. Rud. 4, 4, 87:

nihil prius mihi faciendum putavi, quam ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 1:

cui prius quam de ceteris rebus respondeo, de amicitiā pauca dicam,

before, id. Phil. 2, 1, 3:

quod ego, prius quam loqui coepisti, sensi,

id. Vatin. 2, 4:

neque prius fugere destiterunt, quam ad flumen Rhenum pervenerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53:

quid potius faciam, prius quam me dormitum conferam, non reperio,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1:

priusquam aggrediar, etc.,

id. Balb. 7, 18:

prius quam ad portam venias,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44.—

Sooner, rather:

Aegyptii quamvis carnificinam prius subierint, quam ibin aut aspidem violent,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 78; id. Lig. 12, 34; Caes. B. C. 3, 1.—Sometimes in an inverted order:

ad hoc genus hominum duravi, quam prius me ad plures penetravi,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 13; Prop. 2, 14, 11 (3, 10, 10); v. Zumpt, Gram. § 576.—

In gen., formerly, in former times ( poet.), Cat. 51, 13:

sed haec prius fuere: nunc, etc.,

id. 4, 25; Prop. 1, 1, 18.

prĭor and prĭus (old form also in neutr. prior, Val. Antias and Quadrig. ap. Prisc. p. 767), ōris, adj. comp. [from obsol. prep. pri; v. primus init. ], former, previous, prior, freq. to be translated first; cf. superior; Cicero nearly always uses prior, opp. to posterior, in time; superior in sense of former, in gen. relation to the present, when no other time is expressed; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 921 sq.

Lit.:

ita priori posterius, posteriori superius non jungitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44:

me quaestorem in primis, aedilem priorem, praetorem primum populus Romanus faciebat,

id. Pis. 1, 2:

qui prior has angustias occupaverit,

first, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

prior proelio lacessere,

id. ib. 1, 82:

etsi utrique primas, priores tamen libenter deferunt Laelio,

Cic. Brut. 21, 84:

priore loco causam dicere,

first, id. Quint. 9, 32:

priore aestate,

in the former summer, last summer, id. Fam. 1, 9, 24:

priore nocte,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 8:

factum est enim meā culpā, ut priore anno non succederetur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2:

prioribus comitiis,

id. Planc. 22, 54:

priore anno,

the year before, Liv. 3, 9, 7; 3, 10, 14; 4, 56, 5:

prioris anni consules,

id. 4, 13, 10; 4, 17, 9:

Dionysius prior,

the elder, Nep. Dion, 1, 3:

vinum,

of last year, Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120:

priore libro,

in the previous book, Col. 4, 22, 9:

pedes,

the forefeet, Nep. Eum. 5, 5; Plin. 8, 45, 70, § 181:

canities homini semper a priori parte capitis, tum deinde ab aversā,

the forepart, Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 131.—Pleon.:

cum prior Romanus exercitus praevenisset,

Liv. 9, 23, 2:

prius praecepta res erat,

id. 21, 32, 7; cf. id. 9, 23, 2.— Old neutr. prior: hoc senatusconsultum prior factum est, Val. Antias ap. Prisc. p. 767 P.:

prior bellum, Quadrig. ib.: foedus prior,

id. ib. (cf.: bellum Punicum posterior, Cass. Hem. ib.).—

Former, i. e. deceased (late Lat.):

inter prieres fratres,

Amm. 21, 6, 2.—

Subst.: prĭōres, um, m., forefathers, ancestors, the ancients ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

abiturus illuc, quo priores abierunt,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 16:

nomen dixere priores Ortygiam,

Verg. A. 3, 693:

nec ingeniis investigata priorum,

Ov. M. 15, 146; 332:

priores tradiderunt,

Col. 1, 4, 3:

nostri,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4:

more priorum,

Ov. M. 10, 218; Sen. Ep. 52, 2.—

Trop., better, superior, preferable, more excellent or important (not in Cic. and Cæs.):

bellante prior,

Hor. C. S. 51:

color puniceae flore prior rosae,

id. C. 4, 10, 4; Ov. H. 18, 69:

ut nemo haberetur prior,

Liv. 27, 8:

aetate et sapientiā,

Sall. J. 10, 7:

consilio et manu,

id. ib. 96, 3:

neque prius, neque antiquius quidquam habuit, quam, etc.,

Vell. 2, 52, 4.—Esp. with potior:

potius quanto prius potiusque est Philippum nobis conjungere quam hos,

Vell. 36, 7, 6:

nulla (res) prior potiorque visa est,

id. 8, 29, 2:

nihil prius nec potius visum,

id. 39, 47, 4: unus Plinius est mihi priores, i. e. worth more than they all, Sent. Augur. ap. Plin. Ep. 4, 27, 4:

artium multitudine prior omnibus, eloquentiā nulli secundus,

App. Flor. 2, p. 346.—Hence, adv. comp.: prĭus.

Before, sooner, first, previously (class.).

Alone:

quem fuit aequius, ut prius introieram in vitam, sic prius exire de vitā,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

regem prius Europā, post et Asiā, expellere,

Liv. 37, 52, 4:

ut vos prius experti estis, nunc Antiochus experitur,

id. 36, 17, 8; so,

prius... nunc,

Verg. G. 3, 362:

prius... tum,

Cato, R. R. 135; Liv. 34, 55, 5:

prius.... postea,

id. 29, 12, 11.—

With quam, and often joined in one word, priusquam.

Before that, before:

prius quam lucet, assunt,

before dawn, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 115:

prius illi erimus quam tu,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 68:

prius quam plane aspexit ilico eum esse dixit,

id. Rud. 4, 4, 87:

nihil prius mihi faciendum putavi, quam ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 1:

cui prius quam de ceteris rebus respondeo, de amicitiā pauca dicam,

before, id. Phil. 2, 1, 3:

quod ego, prius quam loqui coepisti, sensi,

id. Vatin. 2, 4:

neque prius fugere destiterunt, quam ad flumen Rhenum pervenerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53:

quid potius faciam, prius quam me dormitum conferam, non reperio,

Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 1:

priusquam aggrediar, etc.,

id. Balb. 7, 18:

prius quam ad portam venias,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44.—

Sooner, rather:

Aegyptii quamvis carnificinam prius subierint, quam ibin aut aspidem violent,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 78; id. Lig. 12, 34; Caes. B. C. 3, 1.—Sometimes in an inverted order:

ad hoc genus hominum duravi, quam prius me ad plures penetravi,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 13; Prop. 2, 14, 11 (3, 10, 10); v. Zumpt, Gram. § 576.—

In gen., formerly, in former times ( poet.), Cat. 51, 13:

sed haec prius fuere: nunc, etc.,

id. 4, 25; Prop. 1, 1, 18.

prō-vĭdĕo, vīdi, vīsum, 2, v. n. and a.

Lit., to see forwards or before one's self, to see in the distance, to discern, descry (very rare):

ubi, quid petatur, procul provideri nequeat,

Liv. 44, 35, 12.—

Trop.

To be provident or cautious, to act with foresight, to take care (rare but class.; syn. praecaveo): actum de te est, nisi provides. Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 4; id. Rab. Post. 1, 1:

nisi providisses, tibi ipsi pereundum fuisset,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 61, § 157.—

To see to, look after, care for; to provide, make preparation or provision for any thing (freq. and class.); constr. absol., with dat., de, ut, ne: multum in posterum providerunt, quod, etc., Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

nihil me curassis, ego mihi providero,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 93:

rei frumentariae,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

condicioni omnium civium,

Cic. Cael. 9, 22:

ut consulas omnibus, ut provideas saluti,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 31.— Impers. pass.:

a dis vitae hominum consuli et provideri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 4:

est autem de Brundusio providendum,

id. Phil. 11, 11, 26; cf.:

de re frumentariā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 34:

de frumento,

id. B. G. 3, 3:

ut quam rectissime agantur omnia providebo,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 4.—So with ne, Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 51:

cura et provide, ne quid ei desit,

id. Att. 11, 3, 3:

ne qua civitas suis finibus recipiat, a me provisum est,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20; cf. impers.:

provisum est, ne, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 14:

provisum atque praecautum est, ne quid, etc.,

Liv. 36, 17.—

Lit., to see or perceive in the distance (very rare):

nave provisā,

Suet. Tib. 14; id. Dom. 14.—

Trop.

In respect of time, to see or perceive beforehand, to foresee; to see before or earlier (class.): si qui, quae eventura sunt, provideant, Pac. ap. Gell. 14, 1, 34 (Trag. Rel. v. 407 Rib.); cf. Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47:

rem, quam mens providit,

Lucr. 4, 884:

quod ego, priusquam loqui coepisti, sensi atque providi,

Cic. Vatin. 2, 4; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 30:

medicus morbum ingravescentem ratione providet, insidias imperator, tempestates gubernator,

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 16:

providere, quid futurum sit,

id. Mur. 2, 4:

quod adhuc conjecturā provideri possit,

id. Att. 1, 1, 1:

tempestas ante provisa,

id. Tusc. 3, 22, 52:

ratio explorata atque provisa,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15:

non hercle te provideram,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 44:

aliquem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 69.—

To see to, look after, care for, give attention to; to prepare or provide for any thing:

eas cellas provident, ne habeant in solo umorem,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

ut res tempusque postulat, provideas atque administres,

Cic. Fam. 14, 21:

providentia haec potissimum providet, ut, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 22, 58:

omnia,

Sall. C. 60, 4:

ea, quae ad usum navium pertinerent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9:

rem frumentariam,

id. ib. 6, 9; cf.:

frumento exercitui proviso,

id. ib. 6, 44:

provisi ante commeatūs,

Tac. A. 15, 4:

verbaque provisam rem non invita sequentur,

Hor. A. P. 311:

omnia quae multo ante memoi provisa repones,

Verg. G. 1, 167; cf.: providebam Dominum in conspectu meo, kept in view, i. e. in mind, Vulg. Psa. 15, 8.—

Providere aliquid, to prevent, obviate an evil (syn. cavere):

neque omnino facere aut providere quicquam poterant,

Sall. J. 99, 2 Kritz:

quicquid provideri potest, provide,

Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1:

quae consilio provideri poterunt, cavebuntur,

id. ib. 10, 16, 2; Liv. 36, 17, 2; Plin. 34, 6, 14, § 30 Sillig; 34, 7, 18, § 40; Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 6.—Hence,

prōvĭ-dens, entis, P. a., foreseeing, provident, prudent (class.):

homo multum providens,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 9.— Comp.:

id est providentius,

more prudent, Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 1.— Sup.:

providentissimus quisque,

Tac. H. 1, 85; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 6.— Adv.: prōvĭdenter, with foresight, providently, prudently, Sall. J. 90, 1; Plin. Pan. 1; Dig. 47, 3, 1.— Comp.:

quanto melius quanto providentius,

Quint. Decl. 14, 8.— Sup.:

providentissime,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94; Plin. Ep. 10, 61 (69), 1; 10, 77 (81), 1.—

prōvīsō, adv., with foresight or forethought, prudently:

temere, proviso,

Tac. A. 12, 39.

rĭgesco, gui, 3, v. inch. n. [rigeo], to grow stiff or numb; to stiffen, harden ( poet.).

Lit.

With cold:

vestes indutae,

Verg. G. 3, 363:

aquae in grandines,

Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 155.—

From other causes:

oratori eloquentissimo, dum ad dicendum componitur, summa riguerunt,

Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3:

stillata sole rigescunt electra,

Ov. M. 2, 364:

ubera,

id. ib. 9, 357:

lacerti,

id. ib. 4, 554:

Gorgone corpora visā,

id. ib. 5, 209 et saep.: si Parthi vos nihil calficiunt, nos non nihil frigore rigescimus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 4.—

Transf., to stand erect, stand up, to bristle up:

sensi metu riguisse capillos,

Ov. F. 1, 97.—

Trop.: numquam corrupta rigescent Saecula? i. e. will grow serious or manly, Claud. in Eutr. 2, 113.

sordĭdātus, a, um, adj. [sordidus; cf.: albatus, atratus, from albus, ater, etc.], in dirty clothes, meanly or shabbily dressed.

Lit.

In gen.: quamquam ego sum sordidatus, frugi tamen sum, * Plaut. As. 2, 4, 90:

sordidata et sordida,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 56 (shortly before:

pannis obsita): servi,

Cic. Pis. 27, 67:

mancipia,

id. Phil. 2, 29, 73.—

Esp., as a sign of mourning (when a person had lost friends by death, was under accusation, or in distress from any cause):

sensi magno opere moveri judices, cum excitavi maestum ac sordidatum senem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 47, 195; cf. id. Pis. 41, 99:

reus,

Liv. 6, 20; 27, 34:

Virginius sordidatus filiam suam obsoletā veste in forum deducit,

id. 3, 47:

expulsi bonis omnibus Romam venerunt, sordidati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62:

turba Aetolorum,

Liv. 45, 28:

primo diluculo sordidatus descendit ad rostra,

Suet. Vit. 15.—

Trop., foul, polluted:

sordidatissima conscientia,

Sid. Ep. 3, 13 fin.

stŏlĭdus, a, um, adj. [root star-; Gr. stereos, firm; cf. stultus; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 155 sq.].

Unmovable; and hence, slow, coarse, uncultivated, rude (class.; cf.: fatuus, insipiens, stupidus, stultus, insulsus).—

Lit.: stolidum genus Aeacidarum Bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 187 Vahl.):

nam vi depugnare sues stolidi soliti sunt,

id. ib. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 109 id.).—

Dull, senseless, slow of mind, obtuse, stupid, stolid:

mī stolido,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 123:

stulti, stolidi, fatui, fungi, bardi, blenni, buccones,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 2:

quid, stolide, clamas?

id. Aul. 3, 2, 1; id. Ep. 3, 3, 40; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 19:

vix tandem sensi stolidus,

Ter. And. 3, 1, 12: indocti stolidique, * Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 184: Lentulus perincertum stolidior an vanior, Sall. ap. Gell. 18, 4, 4 (H. 4, 35 Dietsch):

dux ipse inter stolidissimos,

Liv. 22, 28, 9:

o vatum stolidissime, falleris,

Ov. M. 13, 774.—Of the Stoics, Lucr. 1, 641; 1, 1068.—

Transf., of things:

nihil est stultius neque stolidius,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 162; cf.:

nullum est hoc stolidius saxum,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 33:

aures (Midae),

Ov. M. 11, 175; cf.

barba (Jovis),

Pers. 2, 28:

vires,

Liv. 28, 21, 10: hujus generis causarum alia sunt quieta, nihil agentia, stolida quodammodo, i. e, inert, inoperative, * Cic. Top. 15, 59:

stolida impudensque postulatio,

Liv. 21, 20:

fiducia,

id. 34, 46, 8:

superbia,

id. 45, 3:

audacia,

Tac. H. 4, 15:

procacitas,

Mart. 1, 42, 19.—Hence, adv.: stŏlĭdē, stupidly, stolidly.

Lit.:

id non promissum magis stolide quam stolide creditum,

Liv. 25, 19; 7, 5:

laetus,

id. 7, 10; 27, 17; cf. Tac. A. 1, 3; Just. 2, 3:

stolide castra subgressus,

Sall. H. 4, 67 Dietsch.— Comp., Amm. 19, 5, 2.—

Transf., of things:

stolide tument pulmonea (mala),

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 52.

tĕpĕo, ēre, v. n. [Sanscr. tap, to be warm; tapas, heat; O. H. Germ. damf, warm], to be moderately warm, lukewarm, or tepid (very rare; not in Cic.; cf.: caleo, ferveo).

Lit.:

ubi (dolium) temperate tepebit,

Cato, R. R. 69, 2:

carnes gallinaceorum ut tepebant avulsae,

Plin. 29, 4, 25, § 78:

ubi plus tepeant hiemes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 15:

cor tepens,

Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 62:

tepentes aurae,

Verg. G. 2, 330; Ov. M. 1, 107:

sole tepente,

id. ib. 3, 489:

truncus tepens,

Verg. A. 10, 555; cf.:

tractu (caeli) tepente,

Plin. 36, 25, 62, § 186.—

Trop.

To be warm or to glow with love, to be enamored:

quo (Lycidā) calet juventus Nunc omnis et mox virgines tepebunt,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 20:

nescio quem sensi corde tepente deum,

Ov. H. 11, 26.—

To be lukewarm, cool, cold; to be without ardor, indifferent in love, etc.:

saepe tepent alii juvenes: ego semper amavi,

Ov. R. Am. 7;

so (opp. amare),

id. Am. 2, 2, 53: affectus tepet, * Quint. 6, 1, 44.

vix, adv. [etym. dub.; perh. from root vic- of vinco], with difficulty, with much ado, hardly, scarcely, barely.

In gen.: quid est, sine his cur vivere velimus? mihi vero cum his ipsis vix;

his autem detractis ne vix quidem,

Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 2:

quae vix aut ne vix quidem adpareant,

id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

ut vix aut omnino non posset... infirmari sua lex,

id. Att. 3, 23, 2; cf.:

profluens amnis aut vix aut nullo modo, conclusa autem aqua facile corrumpitur,

id. N. D. 2, 7, 20:

vix incedo inanis, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174:

vix sum compos animi,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12:

vix me contineo, quin involem, etc.,

id. Eun. 5, 2, 20: Thr. Hic sunt tres minae. Gn. Vix, id. ib. 3, 2, 19:

vix in ipsis tectis frigus vitatur,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 2:

ego teneo ab accusando vix me hercule: sed tamen teneo,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

Gabinius collegit ipse se vix, sed collegit tamen,

id. Pis. 12, 27:

iter angustum et difficile, vix quā singuli carri ducerentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6:

brevi spatio interjecto, vix ut his rebus... administrandis tempus daretur,

id. ib. 3, 4; cf.:

adeo, ut vix ulla possit causa reperiri, Quint. Inst. prooem. § 12: ex hominum milibus LX. vix ad D. sese redactos esse dixerunt,

to scarcely five hundred, Caes. B. G. 2, 28: carcer vix carcere dignus, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 19 et saep.:

ego vix teneor, quin accurram,

Cic. Fam. 16, 24, 2:

vix est, ut id obtineat,

Dig. 41, 1, 7, § 7; so ib. 16, 1, 19 init. —

Strengthened,

By aegre:

vix aegreque amatorculos invenimus,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 27:

vix et aegre,

App. M. 1, p. 111, 10:

vix et aegerrime,

id. ib. 1, p. 108, 40; v. aegre.—

By saltem:

illud vix saltem praecipiendum videtur,

Quint. 6, 4, 15.—

By repetition:

corpus matri vix vixque remissum,

Albin. 1, 167.—

In partic., of time, hardly, scarcely.

Absol.: assum atque advenio Acherunte vix via alta atque ardua, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37 (Trag. Rel. p. 208 Rib.):

ah, vix tandem sensi stolidus!

Ter. And. 3, 1, 12:

vix tandem legi litteras,

Cic. Fam. 3, 9, 1; Cat. 62, 2:

contingat vix deinde mori,

Val. Fl. 7, 537.—

With a foll. cum, and poet. also et, to denote the immediate succession of two events.

With cum:

vix agmen novissimum extra munitiones processerat, cum Galli, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8:

vix erat hoc plane imperatum, cum illum... videres,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

vix ea fatus erat, geminae cum forte columbae... caelo venere volantes,

Verg. A. 6, 190; Ov. M. 1, 69.—

With et:

vix primos inopina quies laxaverat artus, Et superincumbens... liquidas projecit in undas Praecipitem,

Verg. A. 5, 857; so,

vix... et,

id. ib. 6, 498; Stat. Th. 5, 263; cf.:

vix... que,

Verg. A. 2, 692.—

With ellipsis of cum or et: vix proram attigerat, rumpit Saturnia funem, Verg. A. 10, 659; 8, 337:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

Ov. F. 5, 278; Phaedr. 4, 24, 28 sq.; so,

vix bene,

Ov. M. 2, 47.—

Strengthened by dum, and usually written in one word, vixdum, hardly then, scarcely yet:

Dolabella valde vituperabatur, quod tibi tam cito succederet, cum vixdum triginta dies in Syriā fuisses,

Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 2:

haec ego omnia vixdum etiam coetu nostro dimisso comperi,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

(Hannibalem) vixdum puberem,

Liv. 21, 3, 2:

vixdum serio adnuere,

id. 39, 42, 12:

progressis vixdum quattuor milia passuum,

id. 44, 5, 1; 32, 28, 4; 10, 32, 7:

puer vixdum libertatem, nedum dominationem modice laturus,

id. 24, 4, 1:

vixdum dimidium dixeram: intellexerat,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 4:

vixdum epistulam tuam legeram, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 3.—So with et, Liv. 36, 12, 5; 43, 4, 10; Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 7.