-
21 stiff
adjectivebe frozen stiff — steif vor Kälte sein; [Wäsche, Körper[teile]:] steif gefroren sein
3) (formal) steif; förmlich [Brief, Stil]4) (difficult) hart [Test]; schwer [Frage, Prüfung]; steil [Abstieg, Anstieg]be stiff going — (fig. coll.) harte Arbeit sein
5) stark, (Seemannsspr.) steif [Wind, Brise]6) (not bending, not working freely, aching) steif [Gelenk, Gliedmaßen, Nacken, Person]; schwergängig [Angel, Kolben, Gelenk]9) (thick) zäh[flüssig]10) (coll.)be bored/scared/worried stiff — sich zu Tode langweilen/eine wahnsinnige Angst haben (ugs.) /sich (Dat.) furchtbare (ugs.) Sorgen machen
* * *[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) steif2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) steif4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) schwierig5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) steif6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) steif•- academic.ru/92115/stiffly">stiffly- stiffness
- stiffen
- stiffening
- bore
- scare stiff* * *[stɪf]I. nworking \stiff Prolet m pejyou lucky \stiff! du Glückspilz! famII. adjhis clothes were \stiff with dried mud seine Kleidung starrte vor angetrocknetem Schmutzthe handle on this door is rather \stiff der Türgriff lässt sich schlecht bewegen\stiff brush harte Bürste\stiff cardboard fester Karton\stiff collar steifer Kragento keep a \stiff upper lip Haltung bewahrencome on Richard, keep a \stiff upper lip komm, Richard, lass dir nichts anmerken\stiff brandy starker Weinbrand\stiff breeze steife Brise\stiff challenge große Herausforderung\stiff criticism herbe Kritik\stiff competition harter Wettbewerb\stiff drink harter Drink\stiff resistance erbitterter Widerstanda \stiff right/left BOXING eine harte Rechte/Linke6. (high) [extrem] hoch\stiff cuts einschneidende Kürzungen\stiff fee/tax überzogene Gebühr/Steuer7. (difficult) question schwer, schwierig\stiff climb/work-out anstrengende Klettertour/anstrengendes FitnesstrainingI got frozen \stiff waiting at the bus stop ich wäre fast erfroren, als ich an der Bushaltestelle warteteI've been worried \stiff ich habe mir wahnsinnige Sorgen gemachtto be scared \stiff zu Tode erschrocken sein1. (cheat)▪ to be \stiffed betrogen werden2. (not tip)to \stiff a porter/taxi driver/waiter einem Gepäckträger/Taxifahrer/Kellner kein Trinkgeld geben3. (snub)4. (kill)▪ to \stiff sb jdn kaltmachen slV. vi film, TV programme ein Misserfolg m sein, floppen* * *[stɪf]1. adj (+er)1) steif; corpse starr, steif; brush, bristles hart; dough, paste fest2) resistance, drink, dose stark; fight zäh, hart; sentence, challenge, competition hart; opposition stark, heftig; breeze steif; climb, test schwierig; examination, task schwer, schwierig; penalty, punishment schwer; price, demand hoch3) door, lock, drawer klemmend4)to be stiff with cold —
to go stiff with terror — in Angststarre verfallen
5) smile kühl; bow, person, manner, atmosphere steif2. advsteif3. n (inf)Leiche f* * *stiff [stıf]A adj (adv stiffly)b) TECH schwer gängig (Gang, Schraube)2. zäh, dick, steif (Teig etc):b) stark (Medizin)6. figa) hart (Gegner etc)b) scharf (Konkurrenz etc)c) hartnäckig, verbissen (Kampf, Widerstand etc)7. schwierig, hart (Aufgabe etc)8. hart (Strafe)9. WIRTSCHa) stabil, fest:a stiff market eine stabile Marktlageb) überhöht (Preise)10. steif, förmlich (Atmosphäre etc)11. a) steif, linkisch (Person)b) starr, schematisch (Stil etc)12. umg unglaublich:a bit stiff ziemlich stark, allerhand14. sl blau, besoffenB s sl1. Leiche f2. chancenloses Pferd3. a) allg Kerl m:poor stiff armes Schwein umgb) steifer oder linkischer Kerlc) Besoffene(r) m/f(m)d) Tippelbruder m oft hum4. a) gefälschter Scheckb) Wechsel mC v/t sl1. einem Kellner etc kein Trinkgeld geben* * *adjective1) (rigid) steif; hart [Bürste, Stock]be frozen stiff — steif vor Kälte sein; [Wäsche, Körper[teile]:] steif gefroren sein
2) (intense, severe) hartnäckig; schroff [Absage]; kräftig [Standpauke]3) (formal) steif; förmlich [Brief, Stil]4) (difficult) hart [Test]; schwer [Frage, Prüfung]; steil [Abstieg, Anstieg]be stiff going — (fig. coll.) harte Arbeit sein
5) stark, (Seemannsspr.) steif [Wind, Brise]6) (not bending, not working freely, aching) steif [Gelenk, Gliedmaßen, Nacken, Person]; schwergängig [Angel, Kolben, Gelenk]8) (strong) steif (ugs.) [Drink]; stark [Dosis, Medizin]9) (thick) zäh[flüssig]10) (coll.)be bored/scared/worried stiff — sich zu Tode langweilen/eine wahnsinnige Angst haben (ugs.) /sich (Dat.) furchtbare (ugs.) Sorgen machen
* * *adj.steif adj. -
22 stiff
[stɪf] 1. adjsztywny; competition zacięty; penalty ciężki; drink mocny; breeze silny2. advbored/scared stiff — śmiertelnie znudzony/przestraszony
I am/feel too stiff to move — jestem/czuję się zbyt obolały, żeby się ruszyć
to have a stiff neck/back — nie móc zgiąć karku/pleców
* * *[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) sztywny2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) działający opornie, sztywny3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) gęsty4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) ciężki, trudny5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) silny6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) chłodny•- stiffly- stiffness
- stiffen
- stiffening
- bore
- scare stiff -
23 stiff
[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) stīvs; ciets2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) stingrs; stīvs3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) biezs4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) grūts5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) stiprs; spēcīgs6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) oficiāls; formāls; vēss•- stiffly- stiffness
- stiffen
- stiffening
- bore
- scare stiff* * *līķis; muļķis; vekselis; viltota banknote; stīvs; biezs; nelokāms; stīvs, klīrīgs; grūts, smags; spēcīgs; stiprs; pārmērīgs; bargs; nepieņemams; galīgi, pilnīgi -
24 stiff
[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) kietas, nelankstus, tvirtas2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) užstrigęs, sustingęs, nepajudinamas3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) tirštas, kietas4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) sunkus5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) stiprus6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) oficialus, formalus•- stiffly- stiffness
- stiffen
- stiffening
- bore
- scare stiff -
25 stiff
adj. stel; kylig; formell; trög, seg; hård; jobbig; stark--------adv. extremt, väldigt, totalt--------n. lik; idiot* * *[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) stel, styv2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) stel, trög3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) trög, tjock4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) svår, besvärlig5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) styv, hård6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) stel, kylig, formell•- stiffly- stiffness
- stiffen
- stiffening
- bore
- scare stiff -
26 stiff
[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) tuhý; nepohyblivý2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) nepoddajný, ztuhlý3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) tuhý4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) těžký5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) ostrý6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) strohý•- stiffly- stiffness
- stiffen
- stiffening
- bore
- scare stiff* * *• těžký• tuha• tvrdý• tuhý• pevný• pyšný• silný• stuha• ostrý -
27 stiff
[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) tuhý; tvrdý2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) stuhnutý, zdrevenelý3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) tuhý4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) prísny, ťažký5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) ostrý6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) strohý•- stiffly- stiffness
- stiffen
- stiffening
- bore
- scare stiff* * *• vycerpávajúci• zdržanlivý• zdrevenený• zle pohyblivý• škrobený• silný• stuhnutý• stuha• strnulý• tvrdý• tažký• tvrdo• tuhý• upätý• prísny• drsný• hrdý• hustý• chladný• pyšný• ostrý• meravý• mrtvola• moták• nepoddajný• namáhavý• nepravdepodobný• neohybný• neprívetivý• nepohodlný• neoblomný• nepohyblivý• odmeraný -
28 shake\ off
1. IIshake off in some manner sand shakes off easily песок легко стряхивается /отряхивается/2. IIIshake off smth. /smth. off/ shake off sand (the earth, mud, etc.) стряхивать /отряхивать/ песок и т.д.; shake off an illness (one's cold, the after-effects, a certain stiffness of manner, a bad habit, one's cares, one's sorrows, one's responsibilities, all remembrance of disgrace, this uneasy feeling, etc.) отделаться /избавиться/ от болезни и т.д.; shake off one's depression (drowsiness) стряхнуть с себя уныние (сон); shake off smb. /smb. off/ the dog flew at me, but I shook him off на меня бросилась собака, но я ее отшвырнул; shake off one's pursuers (an undesirable companion, a disreputable acquaintance, etc.) отвязаться /отделаться/ от преследователей и т.д.; I shook off the tail я ушел от человека, который за мной следил /от "хвоста"/3. XIbe shaken off by smth. many of the leaves had been shaken off by the wind ветром сдуло много листьев4. XXI1shake off smth. from smth. shake off rain from one's hair (sand from the coat, etc.) стряхивать /отряхивать/ капли дождя с волос и т.д.; shake off dust from one's feet bibl. отряхнуть прах от ног своих -
29 stiff
[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) ţeapăn, rigid2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) dur; rigid3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) consistent4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) dificil5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) puternic6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) rece•- stiffly- stiffness
- stiffen
- stiffening
- bore
- scare stiff -
30 stiff
[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) δύσκαμπτος,σκληρός2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) πιασμένος3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) σφιχτός4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) δύσκολος,ζόρικος5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) δυνατός6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) τυπικός,ψυχρός,τσουχτερός•- stiffly- stiffness
- stiffen
- stiffening
- bore
- scare stiff -
31 stiff
[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) raide2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) dur; raide3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) consistant4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) difficile5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) fort6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) froid•- stiffly- stiffness - stiffen - stiffening - bore - scare stiff -
32 stiff
[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) rijo2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) duro, rígido3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) consistente4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) difícil5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) forte6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) frio•- stiffly- stiffness - stiffen - stiffening - bore - scare stiff -
33 Rosenhain, Walter
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 24 August 1875 Berlin, Germanyd. 17 March 1934 Kingston Hill, Surrey, England[br]German metallurgist, first Superintendent of the Department of Metallurgy and Metallurgical Chemistry at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex.[br]His family emigrated to Australia when he was 5 years old. He was educated at Wesley College, Melbourne, and attended Queen's College, University of Melbourne, graduating in physics and engineering in 1897. As an 1851 Exhibitioner he then spent three years at St John's College, Cambridge, under Sir Alfred Ewing, where he studied the microstructure of deformed metal crystals and abandoned his original intention of becoming a civil engineer. Rosenhain was the first to observe the slip-bands in metal crystals, and in the Bakerian Lecture delivered jointly by Ewing and Rosenhain to the Royal Society in 1899 it was shown that metals deformed plastically by a mechanism involving shear slip along individual crystal planes. From this conception modern ideas on the plasticity and recrystallization of metals rapidly developed. On leaving Cambridge, Rosenhain joined the Birmingham firm of Chance Brothers, where he worked for six years on optical glass and lighthouse-lens systems. A book, Glass Manufacture, written in 1908, derives from this period, during which he continued his metallurgical researches in the evenings in his home laboratory and published several papers on his work.In 1906 Rosenhain was appointed Head of the Metallurgical Department of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), and in 1908 he became the first Superintendent of the new Department of Metallurgy and Metallurgical Chemistry. Many of the techniques he introduced at Teddington were described in his Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, published in 1914. At the outbreak of the First World War, Rosenhain was asked to undertake work in his department on the manufacture of optical glass. This soon made it possible to manufacture optical glass of high quality on an industrial scale in Britain. Much valuable work on refractory materials stemmed from this venture. Rosenhain's early years at the NPL were, however, inseparably linked with his work on light alloys, which between 1912 and the end of the war involved virtually all of the metallurgical staff of the laboratory. The most important end product was the well-known "Y" Alloy (4% copper, 2% nickel and 1.5% magnesium) extensively used for the pistons and cylinder heads of aircraft engines. It was the prototype of the RR series of alloys jointly developed by Rolls Royce and High Duty Alloys. An improved zinc-based die-casting alloy devised by Rosenhain was also used during the war on a large scale for the production of shell fuses.After the First World War, much attention was devoted to beryllium, which because of its strength, lightness, and stiffness would, it was hoped, become the airframe material of the future. It remained, however, too brittle for practical use. Other investigations dealt with impurities in copper, gases in aluminium alloys, dental alloys, and the constitution of alloys. During this period, Rosenhain's laboratory became internationally known as a centre of excellence for the determination of accurate equilibrium diagrams.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1913. President, Institute of Metals 1828–30. Iron and Steel Institute Bessemer Medal, Carnegie Medal.Bibliography1908, Glass Manufacture.1914, An Introduction to the Study of Physical Metallurgy, London: Constable. Rosenhain published over 100 research papers.Further ReadingJ.L.Haughton, 1934, "The work of Walter Rosenhain", Journal of the Institute of Metals 55(2):17–32.ASD
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