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1 Отчёты о делах, рассмотренных судами общегражданских исков
Law: Common Pleas Cases (периодический сборник 1865 1875, 1876-1881 гг.), Common Pleas Cases (периодический сборник 1865-1875, 1876-1881 гг.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Отчёты о делах, рассмотренных судами общегражданских исков
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2 Отчёты о делах, рассмотренных адмиралтейскими, морскими и церковными судами
Law: Admiralty and Ecclesiastical Cases (периодический сборник 1865-1875 гг.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Отчёты о делах, рассмотренных адмиралтейскими, морскими и церковными судами
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3 Отчёты о делах, рассмотренных в апелляционном порядке судом канцлера
Law: Chancery Appeal Cases (периодический сборник 1865-1875 гг.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Отчёты о делах, рассмотренных в апелляционном порядке судом канцлера
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4 английский правовой сборник, решения по делам о завещаниях и разводах
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > английский правовой сборник, решения по делам о завещаниях и разводах
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5 правовой сборник, английские и ирландские дела по апелляции
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > правовой сборник, английские и ирландские дела по апелляции
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6 правовой сборник, решения Суда королевской скамьи
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > правовой сборник, решения Суда королевской скамьи
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7 правовой сборник, решения канцлерского суда по апелляциям
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > правовой сборник, решения канцлерского суда по апелляциям
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8 правовой сборник, решения по апелляциям в тайный совет
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > правовой сборник, решения по апелляциям в тайный совет
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9 правовой сборник, решения по делам права справедливости
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > правовой сборник, решения по делам права справедливости
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10 правовой сборник, решения по делам суда казначейства
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > правовой сборник, решения по делам суда казначейства
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11 правовой сборник, решения по морским и церковным делам
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > правовой сборник, решения по морским и церковным делам
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12 правовой сборник, решения по уголовным делам
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > правовой сборник, решения по уголовным делам
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13 правовой сборник, шотландские и бракоразводные дела по апелляции
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > правовой сборник, шотландские и бракоразводные дела по апелляции
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14 сборник решений по таким делам
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > сборник решений по таким делам
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15 Bell, Alexander Graham
SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications[br]b. 3 March 1847 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 3 August 1922 Beinn Bhreagh, Baddeck, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada[br]Scottish/American inventor of the telephone.[br]Bell's grandfather was a professor of elocution in London and his father an authority on the physiology of the voice and on elocution; Bell was to follow in their footsteps. He was educated in Edinburgh, leaving school at 13. In 1863 he went to Elgin, Morayshire, as a pupil teacher in elocution, with a year's break to study at Edinburgh University; it was in 1865, while still in Elgin, that he first conceived the idea of the electrical transmission of speech. He went as a master to Somersetshire College, Bath (now in Avon), and in 1867 he moved to London to assist his father, who had taken up the grandfather's work in elocution. In the same year, he matriculated at London University, studying anatomy and physiology, and also began teaching the deaf. He continued to pursue the studies that were to lead to the invention of the telephone. At this time he read Helmholtz's The Sensations of Tone, an important work on the theory of sound that was to exert a considerable influence on him.In 1870 he accompanied his parents when they emigrated to Canada. His work for the deaf gained fame in both Canada and the USA, and in 1873 he was apponted professor of vocal physiology and the mechanics of speech at Boston University, Massachusetts. There, he continued to work on his theory that sound wave vibrations could be converted into a fluctuating electric current, be sent along a wire and then be converted back into sound waves by means of a receiver. He approached the problem from the background of the theory of sound and voice production rather than from that of electrical science, and by 1875 he had succeeded in constructing a rough model. On 7 March 1876 Bell spoke the famous command to his assistant, "Mr Watson, come here, I want you": this was the first time a human voice had been transmitted along a wire. Only three days earlier, Bell's first patent for the telephone had been granted. Almost simultaneously, but quite independently, Elisha Gray had achieved a similar result. After a period of litigation, the US Supreme Court awarded Bell priority, although Gray's device was technically superior.In 1877, three years after becoming a naturalized US citizen, Bell married the deaf daughter of his first backer. In August of that year, they travelled to Europe to combine a honeymoon with promotion of the telephone. Bell's patent was possibly the most valuable ever issued, for it gave birth to what later became the world's largest private service organization, the Bell Telephone Company.Bell had other scientific and technological interests: he made improvements in telegraphy and in Edison's gramophone, and he also developed a keen interest in aeronautics, working on Curtiss's flying machine. Bell founded the celebrated periodical Science.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLegion of Honour; Hughes Medal, Royal Society, 1913.Further ReadingObituary, 7 August 1922, The Times. Dictionary of American Biography.R.Burlingame, 1964, Out of Silence into Sound, London: Macmillan.LRD -
16 Fox, Sir Charles
[br]b. 11 March 1810 Derby, Englandd. 14 June 1874 Blackheath, London, England[br]English railway engineer, builder of Crystal Palace, London.[br]Fox was a pupil of John Ericsson, helped to build the locomotive Novelty, and drove it at the Rainhill Trials in 1829. He became a driver on the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway and then a pupil of Robert Stephenson, who appointed him an assistant engineer for construction of the southern part of the London \& Birmingham Railway, opened in 1837. He was probably responsible for the design of the early bow-string girder bridge which carried the railway over the Regent's Canal. He also invented turnouts with switch blades, i.e. "points". With Robert Stephenson he designed the light iron train sheds at Euston Station, a type of roof that was subsequently much used elsewhere. He then became a partner in Fox, Henderson \& Co., railway contractors and manufacturers of railway equipment and bridges. The firm built the Crystal Palace in London for the Great Exhibition of 1851: Fox did much of the detail design work personally and was subsequently knighted. It also built many station roofs, including that at Paddington. From 1857 Fox was in practice in London as a consulting engineer in partnership with his sons, Charles Douglas Fox and Francis Fox. Sir Charles Fox became an advocate of light and narrow-gauge railways, although he was opposed to break-of-gauge unless it was unavoidable. He was joint Engineer for the Indian Tramway Company, building the first narrow-gauge (3 ft 6 in. or 107 cm) railway in India, opened in 1865, and his firm was Consulting Engineer for the first railways in Queensland, Australia, built to the same gauge at the same period on recommendation of Government Engineer A.C.Fitzgibbon.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1851.Further ReadingObituary, 1875, Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 39:264.F.Fox, 1904, River, Road, and Rail, John Murray, Ch. 1 (personal reminiscences by his son).L.T.C.Rolt, 1970, Victorian Engineering, London: Allen Lane.PJGR -
17 Yarrow, Sir Alfred Fernandez
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 13 January 1842 London, Englandd. 24 January 1932 London, England[br]English shipbuilder, naval architect, engineer and philanthropist.[br]At the conclusion of his schooling in the South of England, Yarrow became an indentured apprentice to the Thames engine-builder Ravenhill. During this five-year period various incidents and meetings sharpened his interest in scientific matters and he showed the skills that in later years were to be so beneficial to shipbuilding. For two years he acted as London representative for Ravenhill before joining up with a Mr Hedley to form a shipyard on the Isle of Dogs. The company lasted from 1868 until 1875 and in that period produced 350 small launches and other craft. This massive output enabled Yarrow to gain confidence in many aspects of ship design. Within two years of setting out on his own he built his first ship for the Royal Navy: a torpedo boat, then at the cutting edge of technology.In the early 1890s the company was building watertube boilers and producing destroyers with speeds in excess of 27 knots (50 km/h); it built the Russian destroyer Sokol, did pioneering work with aluminium and with high-tensile steels and worked on shipboard equipment to nullify vibrational effects. With the closure of most of the Thames shipyards and the run-down in skilled labour, Yarrow decided that the shipyard must move to some other part of the United Kingdom. After careful deliberation a green field site to the west of Glasgow was chosen, and in 1908 their first Clyde-built destroyer was launched. The company expanded, more building berths were arranged, boiler construction was developed and over the years they became recognized as specialists in smaller highspeed craft and in "knock down" ships for other parts of the world.Yarrow retired in 1913, but at the commencement of the First World War he returned to help the yard produce, in four years, twenty-nine destroyers with speeds of up to 40 knots (74 km/h). At the end of hostilities he gave of his time and money to many charities, including those for ex-servicemen. He left a remarkable industrial organization which remains to this day the most prolific builder of surface craft for the Royal Navy.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCreated Baronet 1916. FRS 1922. Vice-President, Institution of Naval Architects 1896.Further ReadingLady Yarrow, 1924, Alfred Yarrow, His Life and Work, London: Edward Arnold. A.Borthwick, 1965, Yarrow and Company Limited, The First Hundred Years 1865–1965, Glasgow.B.Baxter, 1986, "Alfred Fernandez Yarrow", Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography, Vol. I, pp. 245–7, Slaven \& Checkland and Aberdeen University Press.FMWBiographical history of technology > Yarrow, Sir Alfred Fernandez
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