when+he+was+at+school

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Electronics and information technology, Weapons and armour

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Following education at Brechin High School, Watson-Watt entered University College, Dundee (then a part of the University of St Andrews), obtaining a BSc in engineering in 1912. From 1912 until 1921 he was Assistant to the Professor of Natural Philosophy at St Andrews, but during the First World War he also held various posts in the Meteorological Office. During. this time, in 1916 he proposed the use of cathode ray oscillographs for radio-direction-finding displays. He joined the newly formed Radio Research Station at Slough when it was opened in 1924, and 3 years later, when it amalgamated with the Radio Section of the National Physical Laboratory, he became Superintendent at Slough. At this time he proposed the name "ionosphere" for the ionized layer in the upper atmosphere. With E.V. Appleton and J.F.Herd he developed the "squegger" hard-valve transformer-coupled timebase and with the latter devised a direction-finding radio-goniometer.

In 1933 he was asked to investigate possible aircraft counter-measures. He soon showed that it was impossible to make the wished-for radio "death-ray", but had the idea of using the detection of reflected radio-waves as a means of monitoring the approach of enemy aircraft. With six assistants he developed this idea and constructed an experimental system of radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging) in which arrays of aerials were used to detect the reflected signals and deduce the bearing and height. To realize a practical system, in September 1936 he was appointed Director of the Bawdsey Research Station near Felixstowe and carried out operational studies of radar. The result was that within two years the East Coast of the British Isles was equipped with a network of radar transmitters and receivers working in the 7–14 metre band—the so-called "chain-home" system—which did so much to assist the efficient deployment of RAF Fighter Command against German bombing raids on Britain in the early years of the Second World War.

In 1938 he moved to the Air Ministry as Director of Communications Development, becoming Scientific Adviser to the Air Ministry and Ministry of Aircraft Production in 1940, then Deputy Chairman of the War Cabinet Radio Board in 1943. After the war he set up Sir Robert Watson-Watt \& Partners, an industrial consultant firm. He then spent some years in relative retirement in Canada, but returned to Scotland before his death.

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• КАК В (ТЕМНОМ) ЛЕСУ coll

[ как + PrepP; these forms only; subj-compl with copula (subj: human)]

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⇒ one is completely lacking in comprehension or understanding of sth.:

- X как в тёмном лесу≈ X is completely in the dark;

- X is all (completely) at sea;

- X is totally lost.

     ♦ Сочинения [Кирилл! писал посредственно, почерк ужасен, в математике соображал слабо... Английский язык? Ну, разве что. В детстве силой заставляли ходить в английскую группу... Но ведь только лексика, а в грамматике - как в лесу (Трифонов 5). His [Kirill's] school compositions were mediocre, his handwriting abominable, and he was weak in math. His knowledge of English? Well, that at least was something. When he was a child we had forced him to join an English language group. But even so, all he had was a large vocabulary. When it came to grammar, he was completely in the dark (5a).

     ♦ "Выслушайте же до конца, но только не умом: я боюсь вашего ума; сердцем лучше: может быть, оно рассудит, что у меня нет матери, что я была как в лесу..." (Гончаров 1). "Hear me out, then, but not with your intellect - I'm afraid of your intellect-better with your heart, perhaps it will realize that I have no mother, that I was completely at sea. " (1a).

• КАК В (ТЕМНОМ) ЛЕСУ coll

[ как + PrepP; these forms only; subj-compl with copula (subj: human)]

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⇒ one is completely lacking in comprehension or understanding of sth.:

- X как в тёмном лесу≈ X is completely in the dark;

- X is all (completely) at sea;

- X is totally lost.

     ♦ Сочинения [Кирилл! писал посредственно, почерк ужасен, в математике соображал слабо... Английский язык? Ну, разве что. В детстве силой заставляли ходить в английскую группу... Но ведь только лексика, а в грамматике - как в лесу (Трифонов 5). His [Kirill's] school compositions were mediocre, his handwriting abominable, and he was weak in math. His knowledge of English? Well, that at least was something. When he was a child we had forced him to join an English language group. But even so, all he had was a large vocabulary. When it came to grammar, he was completely in the dark (5a).

     ♦ "Выслушайте же до конца, но только не умом: я боюсь вашего ума; сердцем лучше: может быть, оно рассудит, что у меня нет матери, что я была как в лесу..." (Гончаров 1). "Hear me out, then, but not with your intellect - I'm afraid of your intellect-better with your heart, perhaps it will realize that I have no mother, that I was completely at sea. " (1a).

1 inspector, checker, examiner, supervisor.

2 detective inspector, detective.

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► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 inspector

\

inspector,-ra de hacienda tax inspector

inspector,-ra de policía police inspector

inspector,-ra de trabajo factory inspector

inspector,-ra de sanidad health inspector

inspector,-ra jefe chief inspector

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1) [gen] inspector; (=supervisor) supervisor

2) Cono Sur [de autobús] conductor

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- tora masculino, femenino inspector

- inspector -tora de Hacienda

- inspector -tora de policía

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= checker, inspector, surveyor, ticket inspector.

Ex. There was a steady flow of people charging out materials, and the checker was inspecting their bags as usual.

Ex. The Consumer Protection Department's inspectors were already working to capacity and did not want actively to encourage more casework = Los inspectores del Departamento de Protección al Consumidor ya estaban saturados de trabajo y no querían propiciar nuevos casos.

Ex. Hospital librarians should assist in the development of library inspection guidelines for surveyors.

Ex. It all happened when he was jerking off in the train washroom and the ticket inspector knocked at the door.

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* cuerpo de inspectores = inspectorate.

* inspector de aduanas = customs official, immigration officer.

* inspector general = inspector general.

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- tora masculino, femenino inspector

- inspector -tora de Hacienda

- inspector -tora de policía

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inspector

weapons inspector

revenue agent ( AmE), tax inspector ( BrE)

police inspector, inspector

safety inspector

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◊ - tora sustantivo masculino, femenino

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inspector, -ora nm,f

inspector

inspector de Hacienda tax inspector;

inspector de policía police inspector;

inspector de sanidad environmental health officer, public health inspector;

inspector de trabajo factory inspector

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m, inspectora f inspector

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inspector, - tora n

: inspector

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inspector n inspector

SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing

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For the first twenty-five years of his life, Gestetner was a rolling stone and accordingly gathered no moss. Leaving school in 1867, he began working for an uncle in Sopron, making sausages. Four years later he apprenticed himself to another uncle, a stockbroker, in Vienna. The financial crisis of 1873 prompted a move to a restaurant, also in the family, but tiring of a menial existence, he emigrated to the USA, travelling steerage. He began to earn a living by selling Japanese kites: these were made of strong Japanese paper coated with lacquer, and he noted their long fibres and great strength, an observation that was later to prove useful when he was searching for a suitable medium for stencil duplicating. However, he did not prosper in the USA and he returned to Europe, first to Vienna and finally to London in 1879. He took a job with Fairholme \& Co., stationers in Shoe Lane, off Holborn; at last Gestetner found an outlet for his inventive genius and he began his life's work in developing stencil duplicating. His first patent was in 1879 for an application of the hectograph, an early method of duplicating documents. In 1881, he patented the toothed-wheel pen, or Cyclostyle, which made good ink-passing perforations in the stencil paper, with which he was able to pioneer the first practicable form of stencil duplicating. He then adopted a better stencil tissue of Japanese paper coated with wax, and later an improved form of pen. This assured the success of Gestetner's form of stencil duplicating and it became established practice in offices in the late 1880s. Gestetner began to manufacture the apparatus in premises in Sun Street, at first under the name of Fairholme, since they had defrayed the patent expenses and otherwise supported him financially, in return for which Gestetner assigned them his patent rights. In 1882 he patented the wheel pen in the USA and appointed an agent to sell the equipment there. In 1884 he moved to larger premises, and three years later to still larger premises. The introduction of the typewriter prompted modifications that enabled stencil duplicating to become both the standard means of printing short runs of copy and an essential piece of equipment in offices. Before the First World War, Gestetner's products were being sold around the world; in fact he created one of the first truly international distribution networks. He finally moved to a large factory to the north-east of London: when his company went public in 1929, it had a share capital of nearly £750,000. It was only with the development of electrostatic photocopying and small office offset litho machines that stencil duplicating began to decline in the 1960s. The firm David Gestetner had founded adapted to the new conditions and prospers still, under the direction of his grandson and namesake.

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1. to learn; 2. to go to school/to be at school; 3. to study; 4. to study to become smb;

1. to learn — учиться; to learn smth — учиться чему-либо; to learn doing smth/to do smth — учиться делать что-либо; to learn driving — учиться водить автомашину; to learn cooking — учиться готовить; to learn music — учиться музыке

2. to go to school/to be at school — учиться, учиться в школе, ходить в школу, быть школьником: Не went to school when he was six. — Он пошел в школу в шесть/шести лет. The boy is too young to go lo school. — Мальчику еще рано ходить в школу/Мальчику еще рано начинать учиться.

3. to study — учиться, быть студентом: Is your eldest boy working? — No, he is studying. — Ваш старший сын работает? — Нет, он учится/он студент,

4. to study to become smb — учиться на коголибо: to study to become a doctor (a teacher, a pilot) — учиться на врача (на учителя, на летчика)

1 [levensjaar op school] year

2 [leerjaar] school year

♦voorbeelden:

1   toen ik nog in mijn schooljaren was • when I was still in school

2   het eerste schooljaar over moeten doen • have to repeat the first year