vāllus

* * *

vallus, i, m. [cf. Gr. hêlos, nail], a stake, pale.

In gen. (rare).

For supporting vines, Verg. G. 1, 264; 2, 25.—

A pole set with teeth and fastened to a cart, pushed forwards by oxen placed behind;

used by the Gauls for cutting grain,

Plin. 18, 30, 72, § 296 (in Pall. 7, 2, called vehiculum).—

Esp., in milit. lang., a stake, palisade, used for intrenchment (freq. and class.): qui labor, quantus agminis;

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria... ferre vallum, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

Scipio Africanus militem cottidie in opere habuit et triginta dierum frumentum, ad septenos vallos ferre cogebat,

Liv. Epit. 57: virgulta vallo caedendo, id. 25, 36, 5:

vallum cae dere et parare jubet,

id. 33, 5, 4:

vallum secum ferente milite,

id. 33, 6, 1:

quo qui intraverant, se ipsi acutissimis vallis induebant: hos cippos appellabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 73.—

Transf.

Collect. for vallum, a rampart set with palisades, Caes. B. C. 3, 63; Auct. B. Alex. 2, 3; Tib. 1, 10, 9.—

In gen., a point, spike:

pectinis,

a tooth, Ov. Am. 1, 14, 15.

vallus, i, f. dim. [contr. for vannulus, from vannus], a little winnowing-van for grain or provender, Varr. R. R. 1, 52, 2; 1, 23, 5; id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 166.

* * *

ē-vallo, āvi, 1, v. a. [vallum], to cast out (only in the foll. passages): nos foras, Varr. ap. Non. 102, 6:

aliquem,

Titin. ib. 5 (Rib. Com. Fragm. p. 144).

ē-vallo, ĕre, v. a. [2. vallus], to winnow out, to cleanse from the husks, to husk, to hull, Plin. 18, 10, 23, §§ 97 and 99.

tantus-dem, tantădem, tantundem, adj., just so great or large, as great (as an adj. rare, but freq. and class. in the neutr. as a subst.).

Adj.:

malo bene facere tantundem est periculum, Quantum bono male facere,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

cum ita legatum esset: Titia uxor mea tantandem partem habeat, quantulam unus heres,

Dig. 32, 1, 29:

quia forte tantandem pecuniam Titio debuit,

ib. 2, 14, 30; so,

si postea tantandem summam a domino mutuatus sit,

ib. 15, 3, 10 fin.:

tantidem ponderis petitio est,

ib. 19, 5, 26 init. —

tantundem ( tantumdem), just so much, just as much:

magistratibus tantundem detur in cellam, quantum semper datum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 87, § 201:

deinde qui morte ejus tantundem capiat, quantum omnes heredes,

id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

fossam pedum XX. directis lateribus duxit, ut ejus solum tantundem pateret, quantum summa labra distabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72:

ego tantundem scio, quantum tu,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 48:

si tibi subiti nihil est, tantundem'st mihi,

id. ib. 4, 4, 36:

tantundem argenti, quantum miles debuit, Dedit huic,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 64; 4, 7, 109:

tantundem apud posteros meruit bonae famae, quantum malae,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

aquae tantundem,

Plin. 32, 9, 37, § 112:

nam pol hinc tantundem accipies,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 14; Cic. Att. 12, 35, 2:

erat vallus in altitudinem pedum decem: tantundem ejus valli agger in latitudinem patebat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 63:

dum ex parvo nobis tantundem haurire relinquas,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 52; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 56;

2, 3, 237: nec vincet ratio, tantundem ut peccet idemque, Qui teneros caules alieni fregerit horti, Et qui, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 3, 115:

undique ad inferos tantundem viae est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 104:

non tamen interpres tantundem juveris,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 91:

virium atque impetus non tantundem exigunt,

Quint. 6, 2, 10:

tantundem valent,

id. 1, 5, 4:

tantumdem in utrosque licere fortunae,

Sen. Ep. 47, 1:

tantundem praetor facit et de his,

Dig. 26, 7, 3.—

Gen. (of price) tantīdem (i scanned short, Varr. ap. Non. 480, 31):

tantidem emptum postulat sibi tradier,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 45:

voluntatem decurionum ac municipum omnium tantidem, quanti fidem suam, fecit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 115: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibu' latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.); cf.:

decrepitus senex tantidem est, quasi sit signum pictum in pariete,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 4:

tantidem ille illi rursus iniciat manum,

id. Pers. 1, 2, 18.

tantus-dem, tantădem, tantundem, adj., just so great or large, as great (as an adj. rare, but freq. and class. in the neutr. as a subst.).

Adj.:

malo bene facere tantundem est periculum, Quantum bono male facere,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

cum ita legatum esset: Titia uxor mea tantandem partem habeat, quantulam unus heres,

Dig. 32, 1, 29:

quia forte tantandem pecuniam Titio debuit,

ib. 2, 14, 30; so,

si postea tantandem summam a domino mutuatus sit,

ib. 15, 3, 10 fin.:

tantidem ponderis petitio est,

ib. 19, 5, 26 init. —

tantundem ( tantumdem), just so much, just as much:

magistratibus tantundem detur in cellam, quantum semper datum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 87, § 201:

deinde qui morte ejus tantundem capiat, quantum omnes heredes,

id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

fossam pedum XX. directis lateribus duxit, ut ejus solum tantundem pateret, quantum summa labra distabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72:

ego tantundem scio, quantum tu,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 48:

si tibi subiti nihil est, tantundem'st mihi,

id. ib. 4, 4, 36:

tantundem argenti, quantum miles debuit, Dedit huic,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 64; 4, 7, 109:

tantundem apud posteros meruit bonae famae, quantum malae,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

aquae tantundem,

Plin. 32, 9, 37, § 112:

nam pol hinc tantundem accipies,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 14; Cic. Att. 12, 35, 2:

erat vallus in altitudinem pedum decem: tantundem ejus valli agger in latitudinem patebat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 63:

dum ex parvo nobis tantundem haurire relinquas,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 52; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 56;

2, 3, 237: nec vincet ratio, tantundem ut peccet idemque, Qui teneros caules alieni fregerit horti, Et qui, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 3, 115:

undique ad inferos tantundem viae est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 104:

non tamen interpres tantundem juveris,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 91:

virium atque impetus non tantundem exigunt,

Quint. 6, 2, 10:

tantundem valent,

id. 1, 5, 4:

tantumdem in utrosque licere fortunae,

Sen. Ep. 47, 1:

tantundem praetor facit et de his,

Dig. 26, 7, 3.—

Gen. (of price) tantīdem (i scanned short, Varr. ap. Non. 480, 31):

tantidem emptum postulat sibi tradier,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 45:

voluntatem decurionum ac municipum omnium tantidem, quanti fidem suam, fecit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 115: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibu' latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.); cf.:

decrepitus senex tantidem est, quasi sit signum pictum in pariete,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 4:

tantidem ille illi rursus iniciat manum,

id. Pers. 1, 2, 18.

tantus-dem, tantădem, tantundem, adj., just so great or large, as great (as an adj. rare, but freq. and class. in the neutr. as a subst.).

Adj.:

malo bene facere tantundem est periculum, Quantum bono male facere,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

cum ita legatum esset: Titia uxor mea tantandem partem habeat, quantulam unus heres,

Dig. 32, 1, 29:

quia forte tantandem pecuniam Titio debuit,

ib. 2, 14, 30; so,

si postea tantandem summam a domino mutuatus sit,

ib. 15, 3, 10 fin.:

tantidem ponderis petitio est,

ib. 19, 5, 26 init. —

tantundem ( tantumdem), just so much, just as much:

magistratibus tantundem detur in cellam, quantum semper datum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 87, § 201:

deinde qui morte ejus tantundem capiat, quantum omnes heredes,

id. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

fossam pedum XX. directis lateribus duxit, ut ejus solum tantundem pateret, quantum summa labra distabant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72:

ego tantundem scio, quantum tu,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 48:

si tibi subiti nihil est, tantundem'st mihi,

id. ib. 4, 4, 36:

tantundem argenti, quantum miles debuit, Dedit huic,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 64; 4, 7, 109:

tantundem apud posteros meruit bonae famae, quantum malae,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

aquae tantundem,

Plin. 32, 9, 37, § 112:

nam pol hinc tantundem accipies,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 14; Cic. Att. 12, 35, 2:

erat vallus in altitudinem pedum decem: tantundem ejus valli agger in latitudinem patebat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 63:

dum ex parvo nobis tantundem haurire relinquas,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 52; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 56;

2, 3, 237: nec vincet ratio, tantundem ut peccet idemque, Qui teneros caules alieni fregerit horti, Et qui, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 3, 115:

undique ad inferos tantundem viae est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 104:

non tamen interpres tantundem juveris,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 91:

virium atque impetus non tantundem exigunt,

Quint. 6, 2, 10:

tantundem valent,

id. 1, 5, 4:

tantumdem in utrosque licere fortunae,

Sen. Ep. 47, 1:

tantundem praetor facit et de his,

Dig. 26, 7, 3.—

Gen. (of price) tantīdem (i scanned short, Varr. ap. Non. 480, 31):

tantidem emptum postulat sibi tradier,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 45:

voluntatem decurionum ac municipum omnium tantidem, quanti fidem suam, fecit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 115: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibu' latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.); cf.:

decrepitus senex tantidem est, quasi sit signum pictum in pariete,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 4:

tantidem ille illi rursus iniciat manum,

id. Pers. 1, 2, 18.

trī̆plex, ĭcis (abl. regularly triplici;

triplice,

Prud. Apoth. 383; Ven. Carm. 7, 4, 12), adj. [ter-plico], threefold, triple.

Lit.

Adj.:

Plato triplicem finxit animum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20:

philosophandi ratio triplex,

id. Ac. 1, 5, 19: nec me pastoris Iberi Forma triplex, nec forma triplex tua, Cerbere, movit, Ov M. 9, 185: cuspis, i. e. Neptune ' s trident, id. ib. 12, 594:

mundus (because made up of sky, land, and sea),

id. ib. 12, 40:

regnum (because shared among Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto),

id. ib. 5, 368: vultus Dianae (because also Luna and Hecate;

v. triceps and triformis),

id. H. 12, 79: triplicem aciem instruere, to draw up an army in three lines or columns, to form a triple line, Caes. B. G. 1, 24; so,

acies,

id. ib. 1, 51; id. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 83 al.; cf.

comically: paravi copias duplices, triplices dolos. perfidias,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 5:

vallus, Auct. B. Alex. 2, 3: murus,

Verg. A. 6, 549; Ov. F. 3, 801:

aes,

Verg. A. 10, 784; Hor. C. 1, 3, 9:

triplici stant ordine dentes,

Ov. M. 3, 34 et saep. — Poet., of three like persons or things belonging together: triplices Sorores, [p. 1901] the three sisters, i. e. the Fates, Ov. M. 8, 452;

called triplices deae,

id. ib. 2, 654; cf.:

quae ratum triplici pollice netis opus,

i. e. the finger of the three Fates, id. Ib. 76: poenarum deae triplices, i. e. the Furies, id. M, 8, 481:

Minyeïdes,

i. e. the three daughters of Minyas, id. ib. 4, 425:

greges,

three bands of Bacchantes, Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 24; cf.

gens,

three clans, Verg. A. 10, 202. —

trī̆plex, ĭcis, n., three times as much, a threefold portion, triple: sume tibi decies; tibi tantundem;

tibi triplex,

Hor. S. 2 3, 237; cf.:

pediti in singulos dati centeni (denarii), duplex centurioni, triplex equiti,

Liv. 45, 40, 5; 45, 43, 7:

olei veteris triplex adicitur,

Scrib. Comp. 218. —

trī̆plĭces, ĭum, m. (sc. codicilli), a writing-tablet with three leaves, Cic. Att. 13, 8, 1; Mart. 7, 72, 2; 10, 87, 6; 14, 6, 1.—

Transf., very great or strong: triplici fluctu, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 116 (id. H. 4, 23 Dietsch). — Adv.: trĭplĭcĭter, in a threefold manner, in three ways:

commutare,

Auct. Her. 4, 42, 54: l littera tripliciter sonat, Mart. Cap. 3, 54.

trī̆plex, ĭcis (abl. regularly triplici;

triplice,

Prud. Apoth. 383; Ven. Carm. 7, 4, 12), adj. [ter-plico], threefold, triple.

Lit.

Adj.:

Plato triplicem finxit animum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20:

philosophandi ratio triplex,

id. Ac. 1, 5, 19: nec me pastoris Iberi Forma triplex, nec forma triplex tua, Cerbere, movit, Ov M. 9, 185: cuspis, i. e. Neptune ' s trident, id. ib. 12, 594:

mundus (because made up of sky, land, and sea),

id. ib. 12, 40:

regnum (because shared among Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto),

id. ib. 5, 368: vultus Dianae (because also Luna and Hecate;

v. triceps and triformis),

id. H. 12, 79: triplicem aciem instruere, to draw up an army in three lines or columns, to form a triple line, Caes. B. G. 1, 24; so,

acies,

id. ib. 1, 51; id. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 83 al.; cf.

comically: paravi copias duplices, triplices dolos. perfidias,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 5:

vallus, Auct. B. Alex. 2, 3: murus,

Verg. A. 6, 549; Ov. F. 3, 801:

aes,

Verg. A. 10, 784; Hor. C. 1, 3, 9:

triplici stant ordine dentes,

Ov. M. 3, 34 et saep. — Poet., of three like persons or things belonging together: triplices Sorores, [p. 1901] the three sisters, i. e. the Fates, Ov. M. 8, 452;

called triplices deae,

id. ib. 2, 654; cf.:

quae ratum triplici pollice netis opus,

i. e. the finger of the three Fates, id. Ib. 76: poenarum deae triplices, i. e. the Furies, id. M, 8, 481:

Minyeïdes,

i. e. the three daughters of Minyas, id. ib. 4, 425:

greges,

three bands of Bacchantes, Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 24; cf.

gens,

three clans, Verg. A. 10, 202. —

trī̆plex, ĭcis, n., three times as much, a threefold portion, triple: sume tibi decies; tibi tantundem;

tibi triplex,

Hor. S. 2 3, 237; cf.:

pediti in singulos dati centeni (denarii), duplex centurioni, triplex equiti,

Liv. 45, 40, 5; 45, 43, 7:

olei veteris triplex adicitur,

Scrib. Comp. 218. —

trī̆plĭces, ĭum, m. (sc. codicilli), a writing-tablet with three leaves, Cic. Att. 13, 8, 1; Mart. 7, 72, 2; 10, 87, 6; 14, 6, 1.—

Transf., very great or strong: triplici fluctu, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 116 (id. H. 4, 23 Dietsch). — Adv.: trĭplĭcĭter, in a threefold manner, in three ways:

commutare,

Auct. Her. 4, 42, 54: l littera tripliciter sonat, Mart. Cap. 3, 54.

vallum, i, n. [collective of 1. vallus; the line of palisades about an intrenchment; hence], an earthen wall or rampart set with palisades, a palisaded rampart, intrenchment, circumvallation.

Lit., Varr. L. L. 5, § 117 Müll.; Liv. 33, 5, 4 sq.:

castra vallo fossāque munire,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

aliquem vallo et fossā saeptum tenere,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3:

oppidum vallo et fossā cingere,

id. ib. 5, 20, 5:

oppidum vallo et fossā circumdare,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 10; Sall. J. 76, 2; Liv. 7, 23, 5; Verg. A. 9, 146; 9, 506; 9, 524; Hor. Epod. 9, 13 al.—

Transf., in gen., a wall, rampart, fortification; with gen.:

non Alpium vallum contra ascensum transgressionemque Gallorum obicio et oppono,

Cic. Pis. 33, 81:

India vallo munitur eburno,

Lucr. 2, 538:

saepes pastorum munita vallo arboris,

Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 22:

(spica) contra avium minorum morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

munitae sunt palpebrae tamquam vallo pilorum,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

dentium,

App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 10, 9.— Absol.:

si interdicta petes vallo (i. e. stola) circumdata, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 96.

χάραξ [pron. full] [χᾰ], ᾰκος, ὁ, also ἡ, ([etym.] χαράσσω)

A pointed stake: esp.,

I vine-prop, pole, Ar.Ach. 986, V. 1201, Pax 1263, Th.3.70, BGU 1122.17 (i B. C.): prov. ἐξηπάτησεν ἡ χ. τὴν ἄμπελον, of those who trust in a 'broken reed', Ar.V. 1291.

II pale, used in fortifying the entrenchments of a camp, Id.Ach. 1178, D.21.167; = Lat. vallus, Plb.1.29.3, 18.18.1:

2 collectively, = χαράκωμα, palisaded camp, Theophil.Com.9, SIG363.1 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), Men.77, Plu.Caes.17 (pl.), Jul.Or.2.60b;

τὰν ἐκτὸς τοῦ χ. χώραν IG42(1).76.21

(Epid., ii B. C.); palisade, χάρακα βαλέσθαι πρὸς τῇ πόλει (v.l. χαράκωμα) D.18.87; = Lat. vallum, Plb.1.80.11, 3.45.5, al., Ev.Luc.19.43; χάρακα τίθεσθαι form an entrenched camp, D.H.6.29;

χ. βαλέσθαι Plu.Aem.17

, cf. Marc.18, etc.;

βάλλειν Id.Sull.28

; ἀποταφρεύειν, περιταφρεύειν, ib.21, Luc.31;

διασπᾶν Id.Ant.18

;

χ. σεσιδηρωμένος καὶ ἁλύσεσι δεδεμένος D.S.19.83

;

χ. κύκλῳ τῆς νεώς Moschio

ap.Ath.5.208d.

III cutting, slip, esp. of an olive, Thphr.HP2.1.2, CP5.1.[4], Gp.9.11.5; of other plants, Thphr.CP 1.12.9.

2 collectively, = ἀκανθώδη φυτά, Hsch.

IV a seafish, one of the breams, Sargus, Diph.Siph. ap. Ath 8.355e, Opp.H. 1.173; also a fish of the Red Sea, Ael.NA12.25.

V name of a bandage, Heliod. ap. Orib.48.31 tit., Sor.Fasc.17, Gal.18 (1).777. (Phryn.43 gives ἡ χ. in signf. 1, and in PSp.125B. gives ὁ χ. in signf. 11, cf. Poll.1.162; but this distinction is not observed by later writers.)

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `nail-head; wart, callus' (Il.).

Other forms: Dor. ἇλος

Compounds: Compp., e. g. ἀργυρό-ηλος `adorned with silver nails' (Hom.), ἡλο-κόπος `nail-smith' (pap.).

Derivatives: Diminutive ἡλάριον (pap.); ἡλῖτις adjunct of λεπίς (Dsc., Aët.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 112); denomin. verb ἡλόω, mostly with prefix, e. g προσ-, ἐφ-, καθ-ηλόω `nail to' (IA, hell.) with καθήλω-σις, - μα.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Because of γάλλοι ἧλοι, which may stand for Aeolic Ϝάλλοι (no certain traces of the digamma in Hom., as ἀργυρό-ηλος can be metrically conditioned; s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 155f.), is ἧλος to be derived from *Ϝάλνος or *Ϝάλσος (cf. on Ἦλις) and could then be equated with Lat. vallus `pole, stake (of a pallissade)' (Wackernagel KZ 25, 261 = Kl. Schr. 1, 205), though the meaning is rather different pace Persson Beitr. 1, 539f. Further see W.-Hofmann s. v. - Improbable hypotheses in Bq (also Add. et corr.).

Page in Frisk: 1,632

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

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Palladius produced a fourteen-volume manual dealing with agricultural practice. The first volume is an introduction to the twelve calendar volumes, completed by a poem on grafting. Although much of what he wrote was taken from other sources, there is still a significant amount of new material within his account. Of particular interest was his description of the harvesting machine known as "Vallus".

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