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61 under
1. [ʹʌndə] n1) что-л. не отвечающее стандарту, не соответствующее установленному размеру и т. п.2) радио- или телепрограмма, занявшая меньше времени, чем было отведено3) воен. недолёт2. [ʹʌndə] a1. нижний, находящийся внизу, под (чем-л.); покрытый (чем-л.)the upper and the under surface of a leaf - верхняя и нижняя поверхности листа
2. тихий, приглушённый ( о звуке)3. подчинённый, нижестоящий, занимающий более низкое положение4. меньший; не отвечающий стандарту или норме5. амер. сл. безвыходное положение3. [ʹʌndə] advto get out from under - а) выпутаться; развязаться с кем-л., чем-л.; б) расплатиться с долгами
1. 1) движение вниз, под какой-л. предмет внизget under quick! - лезь скорее вниз!
2) положение ниже чего-л. внизу, ниже3) место, находящееся дальше в книге, статье и т. п. ниже, дальшеsee under for further discussion - более подробно смотри дальше /ниже/ (в статье и т. п.)
5) положение за горизонтом или движение за горизонт (о солнце и т. п.) за горизонт(ом)the sun went under an hour ago - солнце село /зашло за горизонт/ час назад
2. 1) меньшее количество меньшеten dollars or under - десять долларов или (даже) меньше
2) более молодой возраст моложе3. установление контроля над чем-л. или ликвидацию чего-л.:to keep under - а) не давать распространяться; б) угнетать, держать под гнётом
4. [ʹʌndə] prepthe weaker competitors were forced under - более слабые конкуренты были разорены
1. 1) нахождение под каким-л. предметом подfrom under smth. - из-под чего-л.
2) расположение ниже какого-л. предмета или непосредственно под ним под3) нахождение рядом с чем-л. у, под4) нахождение под поверхностью чего-л. или ниже какого-л. уровня под5) движение под какой-л. предмет или прохождение под каким-л. предметом подto creep under smth. - залезть под что-л.
2. 1) нахождение под бременем, тяжестью, давлением, угрозой и т. п. подunder the threat of smth. - под угрозой чего-л.
it is forbidden under a heavy fine - это запрещено под угрозой большого штрафа
2) вынужденность, связанность обещанием и т. п. под, поyou are under oath to tell the truth - вы дали присягу говорить только правду
to be under a promise to do smth. - быть связанным обещанием сделать что-л.
to confess one's crime under the weight of evidence - сознаться в преступлении под тяжестью улик
3) нахождение под каким-л. влиянием или воздействием под, вunder the impression that - под впечатлением того, что
to be under a delusion that - заблуждаться /ошибаться/ насчёт того, что
3. 1) нахождение под командованием, руководством, наблюдением, покровительством и т. п. кого-л. под, в, уto fight under smb. - сражаться под чьим-л. командованием
to be under smb. - работать /служить/ под начальством кого-л.
patients under treatment [observation] - больные, находящиеся на излечении [под наблюдением]
he is under doctor B. - он находится под наблюдением доктора B.
under the editorship of smb. - под чьей-л. редакцией
he studied the violin under a famous violinist - он учился играть на скрипке у знаменитого скрипача
to be under smb.'s care - находиться на чьём-л. попечении
2) отнесение к какому-л. общественному строю, эпохе, правлению и т. п. под, при; в (эпоху), во времяunder the Stuarts - в эпоху /во времена/ Стюартов
4. нахождение в каком-л. состоянии или каких-л. условиях под, в, приunder such [any] conditions - в таких [в любых] условиях
under the circumstances - при данных /сложившихся/ обстоятельствах
under arms - а) вооружённый; б) под ружьём
to die under an operation - умереть на операционном столе, умереть во время операции
the matter is under discussion [consideration] - вопрос обсуждается [рассматривается]
under repair - в ремонте; ремонтируется
6. соответствие закону, правилам, договору и т. п. по, согласноunder smb.'s will - по чьему-л. завещанию
7. включение в главу, раздел и т. п. под, в, наsee under M. - смотри на M.
under an assumed name - под вымышленным /чужим/ именем
9. наличие подписи, даты и т. п. заunder smb.'s signature - за чьей-л. подписью
under one's hand and seal - за чьей-л. подписью и печатью
a letter under date of the 5th instant - канц. письмо, датированное 5-м числом текущего месяца, письмо от 5-го числа текущего месяца
10. 1) меньшее количество меньше; нижеunder £5 - меньше пяти фунтов
2) более молодой возраст до, моложеchildren under six years of age - дети до /моложе/ шести лет
to be under age - не достигнуть совершеннолетия [см. тж. under-age]
3) отступление от какого-л. стандарта, установленного размера, количества и т. п. меньше, ниже11. более низкий ранг, подчинённое положение и т. п. нижеa field under wheat [grass] - поле под пшеницей [травой], поле, засеянное пшеницей [травой]
♢
under one's nose см. nose I ♢under one's breath - тихим голосом; шёпотом
to tread under foot см. tread II 3, 2)
under one's hat см. hat I ♢
to be under a cloud см. cloud I ♢
under the sun см. sun I ♢ ; [др. сочетания см. под соответствующими словами]
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62 under
1. preposition1) указывает на положение одного предмета ниже другого или на направление действия вниз под, ниже; under the table под столом; under one's feet под ногами; put the suitcase under the table поставьте чемодан под стол2) указывает на нахождение под бременем, тяжестью чего-л. под; under the load под тяжестью; he broke down under the burden of sorrow горе сломило его3) указывает на пребывание под властью, контролем, командованием под; to work under a professor работать под руководством профессора; England under the Stuarts Англия в эпоху Стюартов; an office under Government государственная служба4) указывает на нахождение в движении, процессе, осуществлении, определенном состоянии и т. п.: the question is under consideration вопрос обсуждается; the road is under repair дорога ремонтируется; under arrest под арестом5) указывает на условия, обстоятельства, при которых совершается действие при, под, на; under fire под огнем; under arms вооруженный; under heavy penalty под страхом сурового наказания; under the necessity of smth. под давлением каких-л. обстоятельств; under cover под прикрытием; under an assumed name под вымышленным именем; under a mask под маской; under the protection of smth. под защитой чего-л.6) указывает на соответствие, согласованность по; under the present agreement по настоящему соглашению; under the new law по новому закону; under right in international law в соответствии с международным правом; to operate (или to act) under a principle действовать по принципу7) указывает на включение в графу, параграф, пункт и т. п. под, к; the subject falls under the head of grammar эта тема относится к грамматике; this rule goes under point five это правило относится к пункту пятому8) указывает на меньшую степень, более низкую цену, на меньший возраст и т. п. ниже, меньше; under two hundred people were there там было меньше двухсот человек; the child is under five ребенку еще нет пяти лет; I cannot reach the village under two hours я не могу добраться до деревни меньше, чем за два часа; under age не достигший определенного возраста; несовершеннолетний; to sell under cost продавать ниже стоимости9) указывает на использование площади, участка земли в определенных целях под; a field under clover поле, засеянное клевером2. adverb1) ниже, вниз2) внизуto bring under подчинятьto keep under искоренять, не давать распространяться3. adjective1) нижний2) низший, нижестоящий, подчиненный3) меньший, ниже установленной нормы4. noun artil.недолет5. pref.1) в значении ниже, под, присоединяясь к существительному, образует разные части речи:undergroundа) под землей;б) подземный; underclothes нижнее белье2) присоединяясь к существительному, придает значение подчиненности: undersecretary заместитель или помощник министра3) присоединяясь к глаголу и прилагательному, придает значение недостаточности, неполноты недо-; ниже чем; to undervalue недооценивать; underdone недожаренный; to undernourish недокармливать* * *(p) под* * *1) под 2) при, по, согласно, в соответствии 3) в* * *[un·der || 'ʌndə(r)] prep. под, по, при, в процессе, согласно, меньше, ниже* * *зана-подподподопо-запозадис-зас-под* * *1. предл. 1) а) под б) под в) у 2) а) под б) под 3) а) связанность обещанием под б) в в) по 4) под, при, в эпоху, во время 2. нареч. 1) а) вниз, ниже, по направлению вниз б) внизу 2) ниже (по должности, званию), в подчинении 3. прил. 1) нижний 2) тихий, смягченный, негромкий, приглушенный (о голосе, звуке) 4. сущ. 1) мн.; редк. нижнее белье 2) артил. недолет 5. прист. 1) ниже 2) под 3) под (именем, псевдонимом) -
63 under
['ʌndə] 1. предл.1)а) под, ниже ( указывает на расположение одного предмета ниже другого)б) под (указывает на расположение под поверхностью чего-л.)в) у, около, под (указывает на нахождение рядом с чем-л.)2)а) под (указывает на нахождение под властью, контролем, командованием, в подчинении у кого-л.)б) под (указывает на нахождение под бременем, тяжестью, давлением, угрозой чего-л.)3)а) под, по (указывает на вынужденность, связанность обещанием)under the contract — по договору, по контракту; на основании договора, контракта
б) в, под, при (указывает на пребывание под каким-л. действием, влиянием чего-л., а также нахождение в каких-л. условиях)в) по (указывает на соответствие закону, правилам)4) под, при, в эпоху, во время5)а) под, к (указывает на включение в группу, графу, параграф, раздел)Classify the books under "Fiction." — Укажи эти книги в разделе "Художественная литература".
б) под (указывает на имя, часто вымышленное, под которым кто-л. выступает, пишет)в) за (указывает на наличие подписи, даты и т. п.)under smb.'s signature — за подписью кого-л.
6) ниже; меньше; младше (указывает на меньшее количество, меньшую степень, более низкую цену, на меньший возраст и т. п.)under the legal age — несовершеннолетний, юридически недееспособный
2. нареч.under par — ниже номинала, ниже номинальной стоимости
1)а) вниз, ниже, по направлению внизSyn:down III 1.б) внизуSyn:2) ниже (по должности, званию), в подчиненииThe King keeps them under by an army of 40,000 men. (J. Evelyn) — Король держит их в подчинении при помощи армии в сорок тысяч человек.
3) без сознания, в бессознательном состоянииHe attempted to question me while I was under the other night. (M. Spark) — Прошлой ночью он пытался задавать мне вопросы, когда я была в бессознательном состоянии.
Syn:4) меньше; ниже3. прил.1) нижний; находящийся внизу или ниже чего-л.the under bank of the stream — более низкий ( по сравнению с противоположным) берег реки
2) тихий, смягчённый, негромкий, приглушённый (о голосе, звуке)Syn:3) подчинённый, нижестоящий; низший; младший (по чину, должности)The servants were the under ones. — Слуги находились на нижней ступеньке иерархии.
Syn:subordinate 1., inferior 2.4) меньший; ниже установленной нормы; неполный, недостаточныйunder proportion — неверное соотношение, меньше нормы
Syn: -
64 under
['ʌndə]1) Общая лексика: бросовый, в определённом состоянии (the question is under consideration - вопрос обсуждается), в процессе, вниз (указывает на положение одного предмета ниже другого или на направление действия), внизу, из-под, к, меньше, меньший, на, нательный, находящийся внизу, ниже установленной нормы, нижестоящий, нижний, низший, по (указывает на соответствие, согласованность), под контролем (to work under a professor - работать под руководством профессора), под тяжестью чего-либо (under the load - под тяжестью), подо, подчинённый, покрытый (чем-л.), радиопрограмма, занявшая меньше времени, чем было на неё отведено, служебное слово, указывает на согласованность чего-л. (under the present agreement - по настоящему соглашению), служебное слово, указывающее на меньший возраст (under two hundred people were there - там было меньше двухсот человек), указывает на включение в графу, пункт, параграф (the subject falls under the head of grammar - эта тема относится к грамматике), указывает на нахождение в процессе, в движении, осуществлении, в определённом состоянии (be under construction - строиться), что-л. не отвечающее стандарту, что-л. не соответствующее установленному размеру, в рамках (чего-л - напр, under this law), до, ниже, под, под наркозом (the patient is still under = пациент всё ещё под наркозом), в соответствии с2) Американизм: безвыходное положение3) Военный термин: "минус" (категория разрыва)4) Техника: под (чем-либо)5) Математика: для, менее, относительно, под действием, при, при соблюдении6) Юридический термин: в силу, в соответствии, на основании, согласно, в соответствии с положениями (of an act, law, etc.)7) Артиллерия: "минус", в подчинении, недолёт, под командованием8) Дипломатический термин: во (время), в (эпоху), (означает нахождение под чьим-л. руководством и т. п.) под9) Сленг: "поддатый", подвыпивший10) Оружейное производство: низкая пробоина (расположение на мишени)11) Макаров: в эпоху (указывает на отнесение к какому-л. общественному строю, эпохе, правлению и т.п.: under the Roman Empire - в эпоху Римской империи), во время (указывает на отнесение к какому-л. общественному строю, эпохе, правлению и т.п.), за (указывает на наличие подписи, даты и т.п.: under smb.'s signature - за чьей-л. подписью), за горизонт (указывает на положение за горизонтом или движение за горизонт (о солнце и т.п.): the sun went under an hour ago - солнце зашло за горизонт час назад), за горизонтом (указывает на положение за горизонтом или движение за горизонт (о солнце и т.п.): the sun went under an hour ago - солнце зашло за горизонт час назад), занимающий более низкое положение, моложе (указывает на более молодой возраст: children of seven years and under - дети семи лет и моложе), не отвечающий норме, не отвечающий стандарту, под влиянием, под воду (указывает на положение ниже уровня воды или движение под воду: the swimmer went under - пловец скрылся под водой), радиопрограмма, занявшая меньше времени, чем было отведено, телепрограмма, занявшая меньше времени, чем было отведено, (что-л.) не отвечающее стандарту (и т.п.), (что-л.) не соответствующее установленному размеру (и т.п.), приглушённый (о звуке), тихий (о звуке), в (указывает на включение в главу, раздел и т.п.: under Section 11 of the Act - в статье 11 данного закона), у (указывает на нахождение рядом с чем-л.: under the very pole - у самого полюса), на (указывает на осуществление действия; вместе с существительным передаётся часто личной формой глагола), при (указывает на отнесение к какому-л. общественному строю, эпохе, правлению и т.п.: under capitalism - при капитализме), находящийся под (чем-л.)12) Табуированная лексика: совокупление -
65 under
prep1) по, в соответствии, согласно2) (означает нахождение под чьим-л. руководством и т.п.) под, в, у3) (означает отнесение к какой-л. эпохе и т.п.) под, при, в (эпоху), во (время)4) (означает включение в раздел и т.п.) под, в, на5) (означает наличие подписи, санкции и т.п.)6) (означает обусловленность ка-кими-л. условиями) под, в, при -
66 (the) Union of Brest-Litovsk
История: Брестская уния (an agreement in 1596 that united with the Roman Catholic Church several million Ukrainian and Belorussian Orthodox Christians living under Polish rule in Lithuania)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > (the) Union of Brest-Litovsk
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67 under terms of the General agreement
Банковское дело: в рамках генерального соглашенияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > under terms of the General agreement
-
68 across the board
По всей шкале. The board (доска) в данном случае — стол. Эта фраза означает влияние на что-либо или включение в определённую общую схему всех без исключения.There will be salary increases across the board from junior grades to top management. — Ожидается повышение зарплаты на всех уровнях — от младших чиновников до руководства.
Under the agreement there will be a 20% reduction across the board of tactical and strategic nuclear weapons. — По соглашению должно состояться 20-процентное сокращение всех видов тактического и стратегического ядерного вооружения.
English-Russian dictionary of expressions > across the board
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69 specialty agreement
юр. соглашение за печатью* (соглашение в виде документа за печатью, формализованное соглашение)It is the intent of the parties to sign this bond under seal so that it is a specialty agreement. — Стороны намерены оформить заверить данное долговое обязательство печатью, так что оно является документом за печатью.
Syn:Ant: -
70 parol agreement
1) юр. соглашение не за печатью* (устное или письменное соглашение, не офрмленное в виде документа за печатью)The document in question was under seal and consequently could not be varied by a parol agreement or an agreement in writing not under seal. — Рассматриваемый документ был за печатью и поэтому не мог быть изменен устным соглашением или письменным соглашением не за печатью.
2) юр. = oral agreementSyn:* * * -
71 supply agreement
договор на электроснабжение
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
договор о поставках
Письменное соглашение между ОКОИ и каждым Всемирным партнером, определяющее планы поставок и другие условия, по которым Всемирные партнеры будут поставлять товары и услуги ОКОИ.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
supply agreement
Written agreement between the OCOG and each TOP partner, which specifies the delivery plans and other terms and conditions under which the goods and services will be supplied by the TOP partner to the OCOG.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > supply agreement
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72 cut the ground from under smb.
(cut the ground from under smb. (smb.'s feet или smth.))выбить почву из-под ног у кого-л., сорвать чьи-л. планы, замыслы (сорвать, провалить, опровергнуть что-л.; ≈ свести на нет что-л.)His cordial agreement with all I said cut the ground from under my feet. (W. S. Maugham, ‘The Moon and Sixpence’, ch. XII) — Его добродушная готовность во всем соглашаться со мной совсем обезоружила меня.
You cannot cut the ground from under a man and expect him to act normally. (J. Steinbeck, ‘Sweet Thursday’, ch. 11) — Если вы сорвете все планы человека, вряд ли он будет вести себя, как будто ничего не произошло.
It didn't require much effort to cut the ground from under that case. (RHD) — чтобы провалить это дело, больших усилий не потребовалось.
Large English-Russian phrasebook > cut the ground from under smb.
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73 cut the ground from under smb.
(или smb. 's feet)выбить пoчву из-пoд нoг у кoгo-л., copвaть чьи-л. плaны, зaмыcлы; cвecти нa нeт чтo-л.His cordial agreement with all I said cut the ground from under my feet (W. S. Maugham)Concise English-Russian phrasebook > cut the ground from under smb.
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74 settlements under agreement on the fiduciary management of assets
Общая лексика: расчёты по договору доверительного управления имуществомУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > settlements under agreement on the fiduciary management of assets
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75 indulgence
сущ.юр. неиспользование права, освобождение от обязательств (ситуация, при которой одна из сторон договора по какой-л. причине не использует одно из прав, получаемых в рамках договора, или разрешает другой стороне не выполнять какое-л. обязательство)No indulgence granted by a party shall constitute a waiver or abandonment of any of that party’s rights under the agreement. — Никакое разовое освобождение от обязательств, предоставляемое одной из сторон, не является основанием для отказа от права требовать выполнения этих обязательств в будущем.
See:* * *отсрочка; отсрочка платежа. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
76 talk
1. nразговор, беседа; pl переговорыmore peace talks are going to take place / getting underway / lie ahead — переговоры о мирном урегулировании будут продолжены
to be more flexible in the talks — проявлять бо́льшую гибкость на переговорах
to begin (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры
to bring a country into the talks between smb — вовлекать / подключать какую-л. страну к переговорам между кем-л.
to come to the talks empty-handed — приходить на переговоры с пустыми руками ( без новых предложений)
to complete / to conclude talks — завершать переговоры
to damage the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to demand a prompt resumption of peace talks — требовать скорейшего возобновления переговоров о мире
to derail / to disrupt the talks — срывать переговоры
to dominate the two days of talks — быть главным вопросом на переговорах, которые продлятся два дня
to extend talks amid reports of smth — продлевать переговоры, в то время как поступают сообщения о чем-л.
to hamper the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to have / to hold further / more talks with smb — проводить дальнейшие переговоры / продолжать переговоры с кем-л.
to hold talks at the request of smb — проводить переговоры по чьей-л. просьбе
to hold talks in an exceptionally warm atmosphere — вести переговоры в исключительно теплой атмосфере
to iron out difficulties in the talks — устранять трудности, возникшие в ходе переговоров
to maintain one's talks for 10 days — продолжать переговоры еще 10 дней
to make good / substantial progress at / in the talks — добиваться значительного / существенного успеха на переговорах
to make smb more flexible in the talks — заставлять кого-л. занять более гибкую позицию на переговорах
to obstruct the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to offer unconditional talks to smb — предлагать кому-л. провести переговоры, не сопровождаемые никакими условиями
to open (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры
to push forward the talks — активизировать переговоры; давать толчок переговорам
to put the proposals to arms reduction talks — ставить предложения на рассмотрение участников переговоров о сокращении вооружений
to re-launch / to reopen talks — возобновлять переговоры
to restart / to resume talks — возобновлять переговоры
to resume talks after a lapse of 18 months — возобновлять переговоры после полуторагодового перерыва
to schedule talks — намечать / планировать переговоры
to start (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры
to steer a diplomatic course in one's talks — проводить дипломатическую линию на переговорах
to stymie the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to torpedo the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
- accession talksto walk out of / to withdraw from talks — уходить с переговоров, отказываться от продолжения переговоров
- after a full day of talks
- ambassadorial talks
- ambassadorial-level talks
- another round of talks gets under way today
- arduous talks
- arms control talks
- arms talks
- backstage talks
- barren talks
- beneficial talks
- bilateral talks
- bittersweet talk
- border talks
- breakdown in talks
- breakdown of talks - businesslike talks
- by means of talks
- by talks
- call for fresh talks
- carefully prepared talks
- cease-fire talks
- CFE talks
- coalition talks
- collapsed talks
- completion of talks
- conduct of talks
- confidential talks
- confrontational talks
- constructive talks
- conventional arms control talks
- conventional forces in Europe talks
- conventional stability talks
- conventional talks
- conventional-force talk
- cordial talks
- crux of the talks
- current round of talks
- deadlocked talks
- delay in the talks
- detailed talks
- direct talks
- disarmament talks
- discreet talks
- disruption of talks
- divisive talks
- early talks
- election talk
- emergency talks
- equal talks
- Europe-wide talks
- exhaustive talks
- exploratory talks
- extensive talks
- face-to-face talks
- failure at the talks
- failure of the talks
- familiarization talks
- farewell talks
- final round of talks
- follow -up talks
- follow-on talks
- force-reduction talks
- formal talks
- forthcoming talks
- four-way talks
- frank talks
- fresh round of talks
- fresh talks
- friendly atmosphere in the talks
- friendly talks
- frosty talks
- fruitful talks
- fruitless talks
- full talks
- full-scale talks
- further talks
- get-to-know-you talks
- good-faith talks
- hard-going talks
- highest-level talks
- high-level talks
- in a follow-up to one's talks
- in the course of talks
- in the last round of the talks
- in the latest round of the talks
- in the talks
- inconclusive talks
- indirect talks
- industrial promotion talks
- informal talks
- intensive talks
- intercommunal talks
- interesting talks
- interparty talks
- last-ditch talks
- last-minute talks
- lengthy talks
- low-level talks
- make-or-break talks
- man-to-man talks
- marathon talks
- MBFR talks
- meaningful talks
- mediator in the talks
- membership talks
- ministerial talks
- more talks
- multilateral talks
- Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction talks
- news lockout during the talks
- no further talks are scheduled
- non-stop talks
- normalization talks
- nuclear and space arms talks
- observer at the talks
- offer of talks
- on-and-off talks
- Open Skies Talk
- open talks
- outcome of the talks
- pace of the talks
- participant in the talks
- parties at the talks
- pay talks
- peace talks
- pep talk
- political talks
- positive talks
- preliminary talks
- preparatory talks
- present at the talks are...
- pre-summit talks
- pre-talks
- prime-ministerial talks
- private talks
- productive talks
- profound talks
- programmatic talk
- proposed talks
- proximity talks
- rapid progress in talks
- rapprochement talks
- realistic talks
- renewal of talks
- resumed talks
- resumption of talks
- reunification talks - sales talks
- SALT
- scheduled talks
- secret talks
- security talks
- sensible talks
- separate talks
- serious talks
- session of the talks
- setback in the talks
- sincere talks
- stage-by-stage talks
- stormy talks
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks
- substantial talks
- substantive talks
- successful progress of the talks
- summit talks
- talk was conducted in an atmosphere
- talk was held in an atmosphere
- talk will be dominated by the row which...
- talks about talk
- talks are alarmingly behind schedule
- talks are at a standstill
- talks are critical
- talks are deadlocked
- talks are due to resume
- talks are getting nowhere
- talks are going ahead
- talks are going well
- talks are heading for deadlock
- talks are in doubt
- talks are in high gear
- talks are in jeopardy
- talks are into their final day
- talks are not going fast enough
- talks are only a start
- talks are progressing at a snail's pace
- talks are progressing smoothly
- talks are progressing well
- talks are set to fail
- talks are stalemated
- talks are still on track
- talks are taking place in a constructive atmosphere
- talks are underway
- talks at a ministerial level
- talks at the highest level
- talks at the level of deputy foreign ministers
- talks between smb have run into last-minute difficulties
- talks between the two sides
- talks bogged down on smth
- talks broke down
- talks came to a standstill
- talks center on smth
- talks collapsed
- talks come at a time when...
- talks concentrate on
- talks dragged on for years
- talks ended in agreement
- talks ended in failure
- talks ended inconclusively
- talks ended without agreement
- talks failed to make any progress
- talks faltered on smth
- talks foundered on smth
- talks get underway
- talks go into a second day
- talks go on
- talks had a successful start
- talks had been momentous
- talks hang by a thread
- talks hang in the balance
- talks have been constructive and businesslike
- talks have broken up in failure
- talks have ended on an optimistic note
- talks have ended with little sign of agreement
- talks have ended with little sign of program
- talks have fallen through
- talks have got off to a friendly start
- talks have got off to a successful start
- talks have made little progress towards peace
- talks have never been closer to an agreement
- talks have reached deadlock
- talks have reopened
- talks have run into difficulties
- talks have run into trouble
- talks inch forward
- talks is burgeoning again about...
- talks made progress
- talks may continue into tomorrow
- talks may not get off the ground
- talks now under way
- talks of peace
- talks of procedural nature
- talks on a range of issues
- talks on conventional stability
- talks open
- talks overran by half an hour
- talks overshadowed by smth
- talks produced no results
- talks reconvene
- talks remain deadlocked
- talks restart
- talks resume
- talks stalled over the issue
- talks under the auspices of smb
- talks went into the small hours of the morning
- talks went late into the night
- talks went on late into the night
- talks went smoothly
- talks were due to start a month ago
- talks were not conclusive
- talks were suspended
- talks were warm, friendly and cordial
- talks will cover smth
- talks will focus on smth
- talks will go ahead
- talks will take place at the undersecretaries of foreign affairs level
- talks will yield an agreement
- talks with smb are not acceptable
- talks with the mediation of smb
- talks without preconditions
- talks would make little headway
- the agreement was signed at the end of 5 days of talks
- the area affected in the talks
- the outcome of the talks is not easy to predict
- the pace of the talks is slow
- the progress of the talks
- there was a sense of achievement at the end of the talks
- this problem will be at the heart of the talks
- those in the talks
- three days of talks have failed to make any tangible progress
- three-sided talks
- three-way talks
- too much talks and not enough action
- top-level talks
- touchstone of progress in the talks
- trade talks
- trilateral talks
- tripartite talks
- two-way talks
- umbrella peace talks
- unconditional talks
- United Nations-mediated talks
- United Nations-sponsored talks
- unity talks
- unofficial talk
- unproductive talks
- unscheduled talks
- useful talks
- walkout from the talks
- weighty talks
- wide range of talks
- wide-ranging talks
- workmanlike talks 2. vвести беседу, разговариватьto talk about smth — вести переговоры о чем-л.
to talk to smb direct — вести с кем-л. прямые переговоры
to talk to smb through a third party — вести переговоры с кем-л. через посредника
to talk tough — вести беседу / говорить резко
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77 term
n1) срок (тюремного заключения, пребывания на посту и т.п.); предел; период2) термин; выражение3) pl условия; отношения•to abide by terms — выполнять / соблюдать условия
to accept the terms — принимать условия; соглашаться на условия
to agree to smb's terms — соглашаться на чьи-л. условия
to be on bad / good terms — быть в плохих / хороших отношениях
to be sworn in for a four-year term — быть приведенным к присяге для занятия поста на четырехлетний срок
to come to term with smb — договариваться с кем-л.
to come to term with what happened — примиряться с тем, что произошло
to complete one's term — отбыть наказание
to cut short smb's term — сокращать срок пребывания кого-л. у власти / в заключении
to dictate one's term — диктовать свои условия
to discuss smth in general terms — обсуждать что-л. в общем виде
to impose long prison terms — приговаривать кого-л. к длительным срокам тюремного заключения
to improve the terms of trade — улучшать / совершенствовать условия торговли
to outline the terms for smth — излагать условия чего-л.
to protest to smb in the strongest terms — заявлять кому-л. резкий протест
to sentence smb to a long prison term — приговаривать кого-л. к длительному тюремному заключению
to serve out the remainder of one's term as President — дослужить до конца срока в качестве президента
to set out the terms for smth — излагать условия чего-л.
- arbitration termto spell out one's terms for peace — излагать свои условия мира
- bid for a fourth term in office
- binding terms of contract
- ceasefire terms
- concessionaire terms
- couched in polite terms
- deferred payment terms
- disastrous entry terms
- early in smb's term
- easy terms
- equal terms
- expiration of the term of office
- expired term
- favorable terms
- fettering terms
- fixed term
- for an indefinite term
- harsh jail term
- harsh terms
- hostile terms
- humiliating peace terms
- in absolute terms
- in diplomatic terms
- in distinct term
- in dollar terms
- in general terms
- in military terms
- in monetary terms
- in money terms
- in no uncertain terms
- in numerical terms
- in per capita terms
- in percentage terms
- in physical terms
- in quantitative terms
- in real terms
- in restrained terms
- in strong terms
- in terms of figures
- in terms of gold
- in terms of money
- in terms of numbers
- in terms of percentage points
- in terms of production
- in terms of value
- in terms of
- in terms
- in the clearest terms
- in the long term
- in unequivocal terms
- in unmistakable terms
- in value terms
- initial term of a convention
- intermediate term
- long term
- mutually acceptable terms
- mutually advantageous terms
- on acceptable terms
- on advantageous terms
- on beneficial terms
- on conventional terms
- on easy terms
- on equal terms
- on even terms
- on favorable terms
- on hard terms
- on highly concessional interest terms
- on hire-purchase terms
- on lobby terms
- on low interest terms
- on most favored nation term
- on much easier terms
- on mutually advantageous terms
- on reasonable terms
- on soft terms
- on straight business terms
- on term of complete equality
- on terms
- on the usual trade terms
- one-sided terms
- out-of-court compensation terms
- peace terms
- political term
- preferential term for the supply of smth
- prior to the expiration of the term
- prison term
- prison terms ranging from five years to life
- probationary term
- prolongation of the term
- shipping terms
- short term
- smb's second / third term in office
- soft terms
- term in office ends in December
- term in office expires in December
- terms and conditions
- terms of a contract
- terms of a treaty
- terms of an agreement
- terms of delivery
- terms of existing international instruments
- terms of financing
- terms of interest
- terms of office
- terms of payment
- terms of reference
- terms of sale - terms of trade
- terms ranging from 18 months to 7 years
- terms required of smb
- tough terms
- trade terms
- trial term
- two-year term
- unacceptable terms
- under the terms of a clearing agreement
- under the terms of the peace plan
- under the terms of the treaty
- unexpired term
- usual terms -
78 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
79 договор
муж. contract, agreement;
treaty, pact полит. договор о взаимной помощи ≈ mutual assistance pact договор о нераспространении ядерного оружия ≈ non-proliferation treaty договор о запрещении ядерных испытаний ≈ test ban treaty отдельная статья договора ≈ covenant двусторонний договор ≈ bilateral treaty арендный договор ≈ lease типовой договор ≈ model agreement трудовой договор ≈ labour contract условия договора ≈ terms of the treaty договор о ненападении ≈ non-aggression pact заключать договор ≈ (с кем-л.) to conclude a treaty подписывать договор ≈ (с кем-л.) to sign a treaty расторгать договор ≈ to abrogate/dissolve a treaty/convention возобновлять договор ≈ to renew an agreement выполнять договор ≈ to observe /implement a treaty по договору ≈ under the treaty акцессорный договор ≈ accessorial agreement юр. недействительный договор ≈ void contractм. agreement;
юр. contract: (между государствами) treaty, pact;
двусторонний ~ bilateral contract;
долгосрочный ~ long-term agreement;
кредитный ~ credit agreement;
лицензионный ~ licence contract;
межгосударственный ~ interstate agreement;
многосторонний ~ multilateral contract;
торговый ~ commercial treaty;
~ аренды lease agreement;
~ купли-продажи bargain and sale contract;
~ морского страхования contract of marine insurance;
~ найма contract of employment;
~ о торговле treaty on commerce;
~ о фрахтовании charter party;
~ подряда contract agreement;
~ о дружбе и взаимной помощи treaty of friendship/amity and mutual assistance;
~ о ненападении non-aggression pact. -
80 fall
1. I1) did you hear something fall? вы слышали, как что-то упало?; mind you don't fall смотрите, не упадите; don't let the cup fall не уроните чашку; leaves are beginning to fall листья начинают опадать: the rain (the snow) started to fall пошел дождь (снег)2) the curtain fell занавес опустился; her eyes fell она опустила глаза /потупила взор/ || night fell наступила ночь, стемнело3) many soldiers fell многие солдаты пали /погибли/; the fortress (the city, the reactionary government, etc.) will fall эта крепость и т.д. падет; he was tempted and fell он не устоял перед соблазном [и пал]4) the price (the standard of living, the temperature, etc.) falls цена и т.д. падает /понижается/; the wind fell ветер стих; the water /the river/ fell вода спала; his voice fell a) .он заговорил тише; б) он заговорил упавшим голосом; his spirits fell у него испортилось /упало/ настроение; the flames rose and fell пламя то разгоралось, то затухало; the music rose and fell музыка звучала то громче, то тише; where did the blow fall? куда пришелся удар?2. II1) fall in some manner fall suddenly /unexpectedly/ (quickly, noiselessly, etc.) падать /упасть/ внезапно и т.д.; the rain (the snow) was steadily falling дождь (снег) шел все время /не переставая/; he fell over and over and broke his left leg он упал, перевернулся и сломал ногу; fall full length растянуться во весь рост; fall somewhere fall overboard (downstairs, etc.) упасть за борт и т.д.2) fall in some manner the dress (the tunic, the curtain, etc.) is falling freely /loosely/ платье и т.д. падает свободно /спадает мягкими складками/3) fall in some manner the price (the temperature, the standard of living, etc.) fall sharply (heavily, quickly, etc.) цена и т.д. резко и т.д. падает /понижается/3. XIVfall doing smth.1) fall crying (laughing, etc.) упасть и заплакать и т.д.; fall going downhill упасть, спускаясь с горы /с холма/2) fall fighting пасть в бою /в борьбе/; fall defending the fortress пасть, защищая крепость4. XVfall in (to) some state fall ill /sick/ заболеть; fall asleep заснуть; fall silent замолчать, смолкнуть; fall dead упасть замертво; fall lame стать хромым; fall flat а) упасть плашмя; б) не иметь желаемого результата; his jokes fell flat его шутки не имели успеха /никого не веселили/; fall short of smth. не достигать цели; fall short of smb.'s expectations не оправдать чьих-л. ожиданий/надежд/ || fall due наступать (о сроке); the rent falls due next Monday срок внесения квартирной платы истекает в будущий понедельник5. XVI1) fall front /off /smth. fall from a great height (from a tree, off a chair, off a ladder, from a bridge, off a horse, etc.) упасть /свалиться/ с большой высоты и т.д.; the cover fell off the coffee-pot с кофейника свалилась крышка; not a word fell from his lips с его губ не сорвалось ни слова, он не проронил ни слова; fall down smth. fall down the flight of stairs (down the hill, down the embankment, down a precipice, etc.) скатиться /упасть/ с лестницы и т.д.; fall out of /from /smth. fall out of the window (out of the saddle, out of the box, etc.) выпасть из окна и т.д.; it fell out of /from/ my pocket это выпало у меня из кармана; fall into smth. fall into water (into a pond, into a well, into a pit, into the hold of a ship, etc.) падать /упасть/ в воду и т.д.; he fell into the hole which he has dug for others он угодил в яму, которую вырыл для других; fall (up)on smth. fall on grass (on the lawn, on [the] water, etc.) падать на траву и т.д.; snow is falling fast on the ground снег быстро покрывает землю; fall on one's knees (on one's hands, on one's feet, on one's buttocks, etc.) падать на колени и т.д., fall on one's head (on one's nose) упасть и разбить голову (нос), удариться /стукнуться/ головой (носом); a log fell (up)on his foot ему на ногу упало /свалилось/ бревно; the seed fell on favourable soil зерно упало /попало/ на благодатную почву; fall upon smb.'s neck броситься кому-л. на шею; fall to (towards) smth. fall to the ground (to the floor, towards the earth, etc.) падать на землю и т.д.; the book fell from the table to the floor книга упала со стола на пол; this typewriter is ready to fall to pieces эта пишущая машинка скоро развалится; his hopes (plans, etc.) fell to the ground его надежды и т.д. рухнули; fall over smth.. fall over a chair (over a stone, over his feet, etc.) упасть, споткнувшись о стул и т.д.; fall over a fence перевалиться через забор; fall over head and heels полететь кувырком; fall in smth. fall in a fit упасть и забиться в припадке; fall in a faint потерять сознание [и упасть], упасть в обморок; fall in a heap свалиться как подкошенный; the rain fell in torrents дождь лил как из ведра; fall in the storm (in the earthquake, etc.) падать /обрушиваться, рухнуть/ во время бури и т.д.; fall under smth. fall under its own weight падать под тяжестью собственного веса; fall under the wheels of a car попасть под колеса автомобиля; fall at smth. fall at smb.'s feet падать к чьим-л. ногам2) fall (up)on smth. the sun (a shadow, etc.) fell on the mountain peaks (on the wall, on smb.'s face, etc.) солнечные лучи и т.д. упали на /осветили/ вершины гор и т.д.; darkness fell upon everything все утонуло во тьме; fear (awe, sleep, etc.) fell upon them их охватил страх и т.д.; his eye (s) /look/ fell (up)on her (upon the curious object, upon the forgotten jewelry, upon a red umbrella, etc.) его взгляд упал на нее /остановился на ней/ и т.д.; fall to smth. his beard fell to his chest его борода доходила до груди; her cloak fell to her feet ее плащ ниспадал до самого пола; his eyes fell to the carpet он опустил глаза и уставился на ковер; fall before smth. her eyes fell before his steady gaze она опустила глаза под его пристальным взглядом; fall oner smb., smth. her hair falls over her shoulders волосы спадают ей на плечи; stillness /a hush/ fell over the crowd толпа смолкла /умолкла, затихла/; fall across smth. fall across the road (across the street, across the bridge, etc.) протянуться через дорогу и т.д.; fall in smth. fall in soft folds падать мягкими складками3) fall in (by, to) smth. fall in battle (in the war) пасть на поле битвы (на войне); fall by the sword пасть от сабельного удара; fall to the enemy bullet (to smb.'s gun, to smb.'s rifle, etc.) пасть от вражеской пули и т.д.; the city (the fort, etc.) fell to the enemy город и т.д. был захвачен противником || fall before /to/ temptation не устоять перед соблазном, поддаться соблазну4) fall to smth. their number fell to 10 их число упало /снизилось/ до десята; the thermometer fell to 20° below zero температура упала до двадцати градусов ниже нуля; his voice fell to a whisper его голос понизился до шепота, он перешел на шепот; fall in smth. fall in smb.'s esteem (in the public estimation, etc.) потерять в чьем-л. мнении и т.д.5) fall into smth. the river falls into sea (into a bay, into a lake, etc.) река впадает в море и т.д.; fall into (out of, in) some state fall into a deep sleep погрузиться в глубокий сон, fall into a doze задремать; fall into a stupor прийти в состояние оцепенения; fall into a rage рассердиться, разгневаться; fall into disgrace опозориться; fall into smb.'s disfavour лишиться чьего-л. расположения /чьей-л. благосклонности/; fall into disuse выйти из употребления; fall into ruin /into decay, into decline/ прийти в упадок, разрушиться; fall into poverty обнищать: fall into fallacy (into the same error, etc.) впадать в ошибку и т.д.; fall into the mistake of thinking that... ошибочно считать /полагать/, что...; fall into oblivion быть преданным забвению; fall into [a] habit приобретать привычку, привыкать; fall out of [a] habit отвыкать, отучаться от привычки; fall in love влюбляться; fall under smth. fall under smb.'s displeasure вызывать чье-л. неудовольствие; fall from smth. fall from people's favour (from one's former greatness, from smb.'s grace, etc.) потерять /утратить/ любовь народа и т.д.6) fall in(to) smth. fall in (to) two (into three groups, into four distinct parts, into the following classes, into five sections, into three periods, etc.) делиться /распадаться/ на две части и т.д.; the subject falls into four divisions в этой теме можно выделить четыре части /подтемы/7) fall on smth. the holiday (her birthday, the anniversary, etc.) falls on Sunday (on the 8th of April, on the same day, etc.) праздник a т.д. падает на воскресенье и т.д., the accent falls on the first syllable ударение падает на первый слог; fall on smb., smth. the choice (the blame, the suspicion, etc.) fell on him выбор и т.д. пал на него; the responsibility (all the expenses, etc.) falls on her /on her shoulders/ ответственность и т.д. ложится на нее /на ее плечи/; the duty fell on him эта обязанность была возложена на него; it has fallen on me to support the family (to open the discussion, to break the news to him, etc.) мне пришлось содержать семью и т.д.; the catastrophe fell on папу people во время катастрофы пострадали многие; fall to smb. the money (the estate, the inheritance, etc.) fell to him деньги и т.д. перешли к нему /достались ему/; the honours fell to him эта честь выпала ему /на его долю/; the tennis championship fell to our team наша команда стала чемпионом по теннису; fall to smb.'s lot выпадать на чью-л. долю; the lot fell to me жребий пал на меня8) fall under smth. fall under smb.'s influence (under smb.'s rule, under the spell of the book, etc.) подпадать под чье-л. влияние и т.д.; fall for smth. coll. fall for such an explanation (for her tears, etc.) поверить такому объяснению и т.д.; попасться на удочку, когда слышишь такое объяснение и т.д., fall for her sincere look быть обманутым ее невинным видом; his story sounded convincing so I fell for it его рассказ звучал так убедительно, что я попался на удочку; I'll not fall for any more of his tricks теперь он уже не проведет /не обманет/ меня своими штучками || fall for smb. coll. влюбиться в кого-л.; he falls for every pretty face he sees он влюбляется в каждую смазливую мордашку9) fall on smth. fall on evil days /on bad days, on hard times, etc./ попасть в трудную полосу, переживать тяжелые дни; fall into smth. fall into trouble попасть в беду; fall into difficulties испытывать трудности; fall into a trap /into a snare/ попасться в ловушку10) fall within smth. fall within this category (within article 10, within the scope of this discipline, within our agreement, etc.) входить в данную категорию и т.д.; fall under ( into) smth. fall under another category (under this heading, under this description, etc.) попадать в /подпадать под/ другую категорию и т.д.; it does not fall into either class это не попадает /не входит/ ни в тот, ни в другой класс11) fall among smb. fall among enemies (among thieves, among robbers, etc.) попасть к врагам /оказаться среди врагов/ и т.д.; fall into smth. fall into smb.'s hands (into smb.'s power) попасть в чьи-л. руки (оказаться в чьей-л. власти); fall into competent hands попасть в хорошие руки12) fall (up)on smb., smth. fall upon the enemy (on them from the rear, upon the unsuspecting travellers, on the village, etc.) нападать на врага и т.д.13) fall behind smb., smth. fall behind one's group (behind one's age, behind foreign competitors, etc.) отставать от своей группы и т.д.6. XVIIfall to doing smth. fall to reading приняться за чтение и т.д.; fall to abusing smb. (to criticizing the main, etc.) начать оскорблять /ругать/ кого-л. и т.д.; fall to thinking of the past (of wondering where to go for the holidays, etc.) задуматься о прошлом и т.д.; fall to drinking запить, начать пьянствовать7. XXI1|| fall [a] victim /prey/ to smth. пасть жертвой чего-л.; fall a victim to disease (to jealousy, to superstition, to lust, etc.) стать жертвой болезни и т.д.; fall prey to her charms стать жертвой ее обаяния
См. также в других словарях:
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Byzantium under the Komnenoi — Infobox Former Country native name = Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων conventional long name = Byzantine Empire common name = Byzantium year start = 1081 year end = 1185 date start = 4 April date end = 31 August event start = Coronation of Alexios I event end =… … Wikipedia
Driving under the influence — DUI and DWI redirect here. For other uses, see DUI (disambiguation) and DWI (disambiguation). Sobriety checkpoint in Germany Driving under the influence (DUI) (driving while intoxicated (DWI), drunken driving, drunk driving, operating under the… … Wikipedia
Cyprus under the Ottoman Empire — Throughout the period of Venetian rule, Ottoman Turks raided and attacked the peoples of Cyprus at will. The Greek population of Cyprus were given weapons by their rulers the Venetians and fought the attacking Ottomans. In 1489, the first year of … Wikipedia