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  • 121 Usage note : for

    When for is used as a preposition, followed by a noun or pronoun, it is translated by pour:
    for my sister
    = pour ma sœur
    for the garden
    = pour le jardin
    for me
    = pour moi
    For particular usages see the entry for.
    When for is used as a preposition indicating purpose followed by a verb it is translated by pour + infinitive:
    for cleaning windows
    = pour nettoyer les vitres
    When for is used in the construction to be + adjective + for + pronoun + infinitive the translation in French is être + indirect pronoun + adjective + de + infinitive:
    it’s impossible for me to stay
    = il m’est impossible de rester
    it was hard for him to understand that…
    = il lui était difficile de comprendre que…
    it will be difficult for her to accept the changes
    = il lui sera difficile d’accepter les changements
    For the construction to be waiting for sb to do see the entry wait.
    For particular usages see the entry for.
    In time expressions
    for is used in English after a verb in the progressive present perfect tense to express the time period of something that started in the past and is still going on. To express this French uses a verb in the present tense + depuis:
    I have been waiting for three hours (and I am still waiting)
    = j’attends depuis trois heures
    we’ve been together for two years (and we’re still together)
    = nous sommes ensemble depuis deux ans
    When for is used in English after a verb in the past perfect tense, French uses the imperfect + depuis:
    I had been waiting for two hours (and was still waiting)
    = j’attendais depuis deux heures
    for is used in English negative sentences with the present perfect tense to express the time that has elapsed since something has happened. To express this, French uses the same tense as English (the perfect) + depuis:
    I haven’t seen him for ten years (and I still haven’t seen him)
    = je ne l’ai pas vu depuis dix ans
    In spoken French, there is another way of expressing this: ça fait or il y a dix ans que je ne l’ai pas vu.
    When for is used in English in negative sentences after a verb in the past perfect tense, French uses the past perfect + depuis:
    I hadn’t seen him for ten years
    = je ne l’avais pas vu depuis dix ans, or (in spoken French) ça faisait or il y avait dix ans que je ne l’avais pas vu
    for is used in English after the preterite to express the time period of something that happened in the past and is no longer going on. Here French uses the present perfect + pendant:
    last Sunday I gardened for two hours
    = dimanche dernier, j’ai jardiné pendant deux heures
    for is used in English after the present progressive tense or the future tense to express an anticipated time period in the future. Here French uses the present or the future tense + pour:
    I’m going to Rome for six weeks
    = je vais à Rome pour six semaines
    I will go to Rome for six weeks
    = j’irai à Rome pour six semaines
    Note, however, that when the verb to be is used in the future with for to emphasize the period of time, French uses the future + pendant:
    I will be in Rome for six weeks
    = je serai à Rome pendant six semaines
    he will be away for three days
    = il sera absent pendant trois jours
    For particular usages see A13, 14, 15 and 16 in the entry for.
    for is often used in English to form a structure with nouns, adjectives and verbs (weakness for, eager for, apply for, fend for etc.). For translations, consult the appropriate noun, adjective or verb entry (weakness, eager, apply, fend etc.).

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : for

  • 122 Usage note : of

    In almost all its uses the preposition of is translated by de. Exceptions to this are substances ( made of gold), uses with a personal pronoun (that’s kind of you), proportions (some of us, of the 12 of us…) and time expressions ( of an evening). For translations of these, see the entry of. Remember that de + le always becomes du and that de + les always becomes des.
    To find translations for phrases beginning with of (of course, of all, of interest, of late, of old) you should consult the appropriate noun etc. entry (course, all, interest, late, old etc.).
    of also often appears as the second element of a verb (consist of, deprive of, die of, think of). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry.
    of is used after certain nouns, pronouns and adjectives in English (a member of, a game of, some of, most of, afraid of, capable of, ashamed of). For translations, consult the appropriate noun, pronoun or adjective entry.
    When of it or of them are used for something already referred to, they are translated by en:
    there’s a lot of it
    = il y en a beaucoup
    there are several of them
    = il y en a plusieurs
    Note, however, the following expressions used when referring to people:
    there are six of them
    = ils sont six
    there were several of them
    = ils étaient plusieurs
    For particular usages see the entry of.
    This dictionary contains usage notes on such topics as Age, Capacity measurement, Dates, Illnesses, Length measurement, Quantities, Towns and cities, and Weight measurement, many of which use of.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : of

  • 123 Usage note : will

    When will is used to express the future in French, the future tense of the French verb is generally used:
    he’ll come
    = il viendra
    In spoken and more informal French or when the very near future is implied, the present tense of aller + infinitive can be used:
    I’ll do it now
    = je vais le faire tout de suite
    If the subject of the modal auxiliary will is I or we, shall is sometimes used instead of will to talk about the future. For further information, consult the entry shall in the dictionary.
    Note that would and should are treated as separate entries in the dictionary.
    Tag questions
    French has no direct equivalent of tag questions like won’t he? or will they? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? which will work in many cases:
    you’ll do it tomorrow, won’t you?
    = tu le feras demain, n’est-ce pas?
    In cases where an opinion is being sought, non? meaning is that not so? can be useful:
    that will be easier, won’t it?
    = ce sera plus facile, non?
    In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.
    Short answers
    Again, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like no she won’t, yes they will etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:
    ‘they won’t forget’ ‘yes they will’
    = ‘ils n’oublieront pas’ ‘si’ or (for more emphasis) bien sûr que si
    Where the answer no is given to contradict a positive question or statement, the most useful translation is bien sûr que non:
    ‘she’ll post the letter, won’t she?’ ‘no she won’t’
    = ‘elle va poster la lettre?’ ‘bien sûr que non’
    In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:
    ‘you’ll be ready at midday then?’ ‘yes I will’
    = ‘tu seras prêt à midi?’ ‘oui’
    For more examples and other uses, see the entry will.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : will

  • 124 Usage note : you

    In English you is used to address everybody, whereas French has two forms: tu and vous. The usual word to use when you are speaking to anyone you do not know very well is vous. This is sometimes called the polite form and is used for the subject, object, indirect object and emphatic pronoun:
    would you like some coffee?
    = voulez-vous du café?
    can I help you?
    = est-ce que je peux vous aider?
    what can I do for you?
    = qu’est-ce que je peux faire pour vous?
    The more informal pronoun tu is used between close friends and family members, within groups of children and young people, by adults when talking to children and always when talking to animals ; tu is the subject form, the direct and indirect object form is te (t’ before a vowel) and the form for emphatic use or use after a preposition is toi:
    would you like some coffee?
    = veux-tu du café?
    can I help you?
    = est-ce que je peux t’aider?
    there’s a letter for you
    = il y a une lettre pour toi
    As a general rule, when talking to a French person use vous, wait to see how they address you and follow suit. It is safer to wait for the French person to suggest using tu. The suggestion will usually be phrased as on se tutoie? or on peut se tutoyer?
    Note that tu is only a singular pronoun and vous is the plural form of tu.
    Remember that in French the object and indirect object pronouns are always placed before the verb:
    she knows you
    = elle vous connaît or elle te connaît
    In compound tenses like the present perfect and the past perfect, the past participle agrees in number and gender with the direct object:
    I saw you on Saturday
    (to one male: polite form)
    = je vous ai vu samedi
    (to one female: polite form)
    = je vous ai vue samedi
    (to one male: informal form)
    = je t’ai vu samedi
    (to one female: informal form)
    = je t’ai vue samedi
    (to two or more people, male or mixed)
    = je vous ai vus samedi
    (to two or more females)
    = je vous ai vues samedi
    When you is used impersonally as the more informal form of one, it is translated by on for the subject form and by vous or te for the object form, depending on whether the comment is being made amongst friends or in a more formal context:
    you can do as you like here
    = on peut faire ce qu’on veut ici
    these mushrooms can make you ill
    = ces champignons peuvent vous rendre malade or ces champignons peuvent te rendre malade
    you could easily lose your bag here
    = on pourrait facilement perdre son sac ici
    Note that your used with on is translated by son/sa/ses according to the gender and number of the noun that follows.
    For verb forms with vous, tu and on see the French verb tables.
    For particular usages see the entry you.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : you

  • 125 ANAL

    ânâl, locatif.
    De l'autre côté de l'eau.
    " ânâl ", de l'autre côté de l'eau - beyond the water; the other side of water.
    R.Andrews Introd 311.
    Note: The suffix '-nâl' meaning 'the far bank', 'the other side' combines only with the stem 'â-tl', 'water'. It is frequently translated as 'beyond', 'across'. " nâl " is really a noun stem (Cf. 5.3.2). R.Andrews Introd 311.
    " ânâl ", allende el rio o mar o dela otra parte del rio etc. Molina II 6r.

    Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique > ANAL

  • 126 CHOHCHOLLI

    chohcholli:
    Ergot, pied de cerf.
    Esp., talon o pie de venado (M II 21c).
    A.Lopez Austin ECN11,50 note 6.
    " in îitzti îtôcâ chohcholli ", its nails are called hooves. Est dit du cerf, mazatl. Sah11,15 (chöcholli).
    " in îmicxic îmôpôchcopa in contlaliayah chohcholli, huel yehhuâtl in mazâchohcholli ", à leur jambe gauche ils placent une patte, une patte de cerf. Est dit des guerriers, tequihuahqueh. Sah2,100. Anders. Dib. XI 1 notent Chocholli is translated as talon or as pie de venado, dependig upon whether the term applies to the Felidae or Cervidae family.
    * à la forme possédée.
    " in îchohchol san chachacayoltic ahmo omiyoh ", ses ergots ne sont que callosités, ils n'ont pas d'os. Décrit le tapir. Sah11,3.
    " huel hueyi in îchohchol ", quite large are its dewclaws.
    Est dit du puma, miztli. Sah11,5.
    " îchohchol ", ses pieds de cerf (qui lui servent de grelot).
    Donné comme caractéristique d'un jeune homme. Sah2,157.

    Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique > CHOHCHOLLI

  • 127 able

    able [ˈeɪbl]
       a. to be able to do sth ( = have means or opportunity) pouvoir faire qch ; ( = know how to) savoir faire qch ; ( = be capable of) être capable de faire qch ; ( = in position to) être en mesure de faire qch
       b. ( = clever) capable
    * * *
    ['eɪbl]
    Note: to be able to meaning can is usually translated by the verb pouvoir: I was not able to go = je ne pouvais pas y aller; I was not able to help him = je ne pouvais pas l'aider. The main exception to this occurs when to be able to implies the acquiring of a skill, when savoir is used: he's nine and he's still not able to read = il a neuf ans et il ne sait toujours pas lire
    For more examples and other uses, see the entry below
    2) ( skilled) [lawyer, teacher etc] compétent; ( gifted) [child] doué

    English-French dictionary > able

  • 128 again

    again [əˈgen]
       a. ( = one more time) encore
    • it's him again! c'est encore lui !
    • what's his name again? comment s'appelle-t-il déjà ?
    • but there again... mais là encore...
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► Note that a specific verb can often be used to translate English verb + again into French.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • to see sb/sth again revoir qn/qch
    • not again! encore !
    • but then again... mais d'un autre côté...
    * * *
    [ə'geɪn, ə'gen]
    Note: When used with a verb, again is often translated by adding the prefix re to the verb in French: to start again = recommencer; to marry again = se remarier; I'd like to read that book again = j'aimerais relire ce livre; she never saw them again = elle ne les a jamais revus. You can check re+ verbs by consulting the French side of the dictionary
    For other uses of again and for idiomatic expressions, see below
    adverb encore

    again, you may think that — et là encore, vous pourriez penser que

    (and) then again, he may not — mais il se peut aussi qu'il ne le fasse pas

    English-French dictionary > again

Страницы

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