to+waste

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to separate, tear apart / pillage, devastate, lay waste.

to tear in pieces, lay waste, devastate, plunder.

at-tĕro ( adt-, Dietsch), trīvi, trītum, 3, v. a. ( perf. inf. atteruisse, Tib. 1, 4, 48; cf. Vell. Long. p. 2234 P.), to rub one thing against another; hence, in gen., to rub away, wear out or diminish by rubbing, to waste, wear away, weaken, impair, exhaust.

Lit. (most freq. after the Aug. per.; in Cic. only once as P. a.; v. infra): insons Cerberus leniter atterens caudam, rubbing against or upon (sc. Herculi), * Hor. C. 2, 19, 30:

asinus spinetis se scabendi causā atterens,

Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 204: aures, * Plaut. Pers. 4, 9, 11 (cf. antestor):

bucula surgentes atterat herbas,

tramples upon, Verg. G. 4, 12:

opere insuetas atteruisse manus,

Tib. 1, 4, 48; so Prop. 5, 3, 24, and Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 158; so,

dentes usu atteruntur,

id. 7, 16, 15, § 70:

attrivit sedentis pedem,

Vulg. Num. 22, 25:

vestem,

Dig. 23, 3, 10; Col. 11, 2, 16;

Cels. praef.: vestimenta,

Vulg. Deut. 29, 5; ib. Isa. 51, 6.— Poet., of sand worn by the water flowing over it:

attritas versabat rivus harenas,

Ov. M. 2, 456.—

Trop., to destroy, waste, weaken, impair:

postquam utrimque legiones item classes saepe fusae fugataeque et alteri alteros aliquantum adtriverant,

Sall. J. 79, 4:

magna pars (exercitūs) temeritate ducum adtrita est,

id. ib. 85, 46:

Italiae opes bello,

id. ib. 5, 4; so Tac. H. 1, 10; 1, 89; 2, 56; Curt. 4, 6 fin.; cf. Sil. 2, 392 Drak.:

nec publicanus atterit (Germanos),

exhausts, drains, Tac. G. 29:

famam atque pudorem,

Sall. C. 16, 2:

et vincere inglorium et atteri sordidum arbitrabatur,

and to suffer injury in his dignity, Tac. Agr. 9 Rupert.:

eo tempore, quo praecipue alenda ingenia atque indulgentiā quādam enutrienda sunt, asperiorum tractatu rerum atteruntur,

are enfeebled, Quint. 8, prooem. 4:

filii ejus atterentur egestate,

Vulg. Job, 20, 10:

Nec res atteritur longo sufflamine litis,

Juv. 16, 50.— Hence, attrītus, a, um, P. a., rubbed off, worn off or away, wasted.

Lit.

In gen.: ut rictum ejus (simulacri) ac mentum paulo sit attritius, * Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43:

ansa,

Verg. E. 6, 17:

vomer,

worn bright, id. G. 1, 46; cf. Juv. 8, 16 Rupert.:

caelaturae,

Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 157; Petr. 109, 9.—

In medicine, attritae partes or subst. attrita, ōrum, n. (sc. membra), bruised, excoriated parts of the body:

medetur et attritis partibus sive oleo etc.,

Plin. 24, 7, 28, § 43:

attritis medetur cinis muris silvatici etc.,

id. 30, 8, 22, § 70.—

Trop.: attrita frons, a shameless, impudent face (lit. a smooth face, to which shame no longer clings; cf. perfrico), Juv. 13, 242 Rupert.; so,

domus Israël attritā fronte,

Vulg. Ezech. 3, 7.— Sup. and adv. not used.

at-tĕro ( adt-, Dietsch), trīvi, trītum, 3, v. a. ( perf. inf. atteruisse, Tib. 1, 4, 48; cf. Vell. Long. p. 2234 P.), to rub one thing against another; hence, in gen., to rub away, wear out or diminish by rubbing, to waste, wear away, weaken, impair, exhaust.

Lit. (most freq. after the Aug. per.; in Cic. only once as P. a.; v. infra): insons Cerberus leniter atterens caudam, rubbing against or upon (sc. Herculi), * Hor. C. 2, 19, 30:

asinus spinetis se scabendi causā atterens,

Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 204: aures, * Plaut. Pers. 4, 9, 11 (cf. antestor):

bucula surgentes atterat herbas,

tramples upon, Verg. G. 4, 12:

opere insuetas atteruisse manus,

Tib. 1, 4, 48; so Prop. 5, 3, 24, and Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 158; so,

dentes usu atteruntur,

id. 7, 16, 15, § 70:

attrivit sedentis pedem,

Vulg. Num. 22, 25:

vestem,

Dig. 23, 3, 10; Col. 11, 2, 16;

Cels. praef.: vestimenta,

Vulg. Deut. 29, 5; ib. Isa. 51, 6.— Poet., of sand worn by the water flowing over it:

attritas versabat rivus harenas,

Ov. M. 2, 456.—

Trop., to destroy, waste, weaken, impair:

postquam utrimque legiones item classes saepe fusae fugataeque et alteri alteros aliquantum adtriverant,

Sall. J. 79, 4:

magna pars (exercitūs) temeritate ducum adtrita est,

id. ib. 85, 46:

Italiae opes bello,

id. ib. 5, 4; so Tac. H. 1, 10; 1, 89; 2, 56; Curt. 4, 6 fin.; cf. Sil. 2, 392 Drak.:

nec publicanus atterit (Germanos),

exhausts, drains, Tac. G. 29:

famam atque pudorem,

Sall. C. 16, 2:

et vincere inglorium et atteri sordidum arbitrabatur,

and to suffer injury in his dignity, Tac. Agr. 9 Rupert.:

eo tempore, quo praecipue alenda ingenia atque indulgentiā quādam enutrienda sunt, asperiorum tractatu rerum atteruntur,

are enfeebled, Quint. 8, prooem. 4:

filii ejus atterentur egestate,

Vulg. Job, 20, 10:

Nec res atteritur longo sufflamine litis,

Juv. 16, 50.— Hence, attrītus, a, um, P. a., rubbed off, worn off or away, wasted.

Lit.

In gen.: ut rictum ejus (simulacri) ac mentum paulo sit attritius, * Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43:

ansa,

Verg. E. 6, 17:

vomer,

worn bright, id. G. 1, 46; cf. Juv. 8, 16 Rupert.:

caelaturae,

Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 157; Petr. 109, 9.—

In medicine, attritae partes or subst. attrita, ōrum, n. (sc. membra), bruised, excoriated parts of the body:

medetur et attritis partibus sive oleo etc.,

Plin. 24, 7, 28, § 43:

attritis medetur cinis muris silvatici etc.,

id. 30, 8, 22, § 70.—

Trop.: attrita frons, a shameless, impudent face (lit. a smooth face, to which shame no longer clings; cf. perfrico), Juv. 13, 242 Rupert.; so,

domus Israël attritā fronte,

Vulg. Ezech. 3, 7.— Sup. and adv. not used.

con-tĕro, trīvi (rarely conterui, App. M. 8, p. 212, 12; Ven. Fort. C. 6, 4, 33), trītum, 3, v. a., to grind, bruise, pound, to crumble, separate into small pieces.

Prop. (so freq. in medic. lang.):

medium scillae cum aquā ad mellis crassitudinem,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 8:

cornua cervi,

Ov. Med. Fac. 60:

horrendis infamia pabula sucis,

id. M. 14, 44:

radicem aridam in pulverem,

Plin. 26, 11, 70, § 113:

fracta, contrita,

Lucr. 4, 697.—Far more freq. and class. in prose and poetry,

Transf., to diminish by rubbing, to waste, destroy (cf.: conficio, consumo, etc.), to rub off, wear out.

Of material objects:

latera tua,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 13:

boves et vires agricolarum (followed by conficere),

Lucr. 2, 1161; cf.:

conteritur ferrum, silices tenuantur ab usu,

Ov. A. A. 3, 91: superbiter contemptim conterit legiones, Naev. ap. Non. p. 516, 1;

humorously imitated: ne nos tam contemptim conteras,

treat contemptuously, Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 34; and:

conteris Tu tuā me oratione, mulier,

you wear me out, id. Cist. 2, 3, 65 (cf. B. 1. b. infra):

corpora ipsa ac manus silvis ac paludibus emuniendis inter verbera ac contumelias conterunt,

Tac. Agr. 31:

heri in tergo meo Tris facile corios contrivisti bubulos,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 11:

Viam Sacram,

to tread upon frequently, Prop. 2 (3), 23, 15: Paideian Kurou legendo, i. e. to wear out with reading, Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1:

supellectilem pluribus et diversis officiis,

to wear out by use, Quint. 2, 4, 29.—In mal. part.:

aliquas indigno quaestu, i. e. prostituere,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 44; cf.

tero.—Prov.: is vel Herculi conterere quaestum possiet,

squander the greatest possible fortune, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 68 Lorenz ad loc.—

Of immaterial objects.

Most freq. (like the simple verb) of time, to waste, consume, spend, pass, employ, in a good and bad sense (cf. Sall. C. 4, 1 Kritz); constr. with in and abl. or the abl. only, with dum, or absol.

With in:

aetatem in pistrino,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 11:

vitam atque aetatem meam in quaerendo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 15:

aetatem in litibus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

omne otiosum tempus in studiis,

id. Lael. 27, 104:

diem in eā arte,

Prop. 2, 1, 46.—

With abl.:

totum hunc diem cursando atque ambulando,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 17:

majorem aevi partem somno,

Lucr. 3, 1047:

tempora spectaculis, etc.,

Quint. 1, 12, 18:

diei brevitatem conviviis, longitudinem noctis stupris et flagitiis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26:

bonum otium socordiā atque desidiā,

Sall. C. 4, 1.—

With dum:

contrivi diem, Dum asto, etc.,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 4.—

Absol.:

vitae modum,

Prop. 1, 7, 9.—

Transf. to the person:

se, ut Plato, in musicis, geometriā, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 72; cf.

in medial form: cum in causis et in negotiis et in foro conteramur,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 249; id. Caecin. 5, 14.—

In gen.:

operam,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 54; cf.:

operam frustra,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 31:

quae sunt horum temporum,

to exhaust, Cic. Att. 9, 4, 1.—

Trop.:

ejus omnis gravissimas injurias quasi voluntariā oblivione,

to obliterate from the memory, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 20: quam (dignitatem virtutis) reliquā ex collatione, facile est conterere atque contemnere, to tread under foot by comparison (opp. in caelum efferre), id. Tusc. 5, 30, 85.—Hence, contrītus, a, um, P. a., worn out, trite, common (mostly in Cic.):

proverbium vetustate,

Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 52:

praecepta (connected with communia),

id. de Or. 1, 31, 138:

contritum et contemptum praemium,

id. Sest. 40, 86.

dē-cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a.

To boil away, boil down, diminish by boiling.

Lit.:

usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26;

so acetum ad quartas, ad tertias,

Col. 12, 34; Plin. 22, 25, 69, § 140:

in dimidiam partem,

Col. 12, 24, 1:

aquam,

id. 12, 26:

pars quarta (argenti) decocta erat,

had melted away, passed off into dross, Liv. 32, 2.—

Trop.

With acc., to diminish, repress, consume, waste:

multum inde decoquent anni,

Quint. 2, 4, 7; Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 31:

accensam sed qui bene decoquat iram,

Claud. in Eutrop. 2, 349.— Poet., with a personal object:

hic campo indulget, hunc alea decoquit,

Pers. 5, 57.—

Of personal subjects, to run through the property of one's self or others; to become a bankrupt:

tenesne memoria, praetextatum te decoxisse?

Cic. Phil. 2, 18:

qui primus hoc cognomen acceperit decoxit creditoribus suis,

Plin. 33, 10, 47, § 133.—

To waste away, become impaired, decline:

res ipsa jam domino decoxit,

Col. 11, 1, 28:

quibus (annis) inertiā Caesarum (imperium) quasi decoxit,

Flor. 1, Prooem. 8:

templorum vectigalia cotidie decoquunt,

Tert. adv. Gent. 42:

spero non tibi decoquet ornithon,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 16.

To boil, cook.

Lit.:

axungiam fictili novo,

Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 138:

cyathum aceti in calice novo,

id. 32, 7, 25, § 78:

lentem in vino,

id. 22, 25, 77, § 147:

rapa aqua,

id. 18, 13, 34, § 126: olus, * Hor. S. 2, 1, 74 et saep.—Hence,

Part. perf. subst.

dēcocta, ae, f. (sc. aqua), an icy-cold decoction, invented by Nero as a drink, Suet. Ner. 48; Juv. 5, 50; cf. Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 39. With aqua, Mart. 14, 116.—

dē-coctum, i, n., a medicinal drink, potion, Plin. 22, 20, 23, § 49; 27, 12, 84, § 108 al.—

Transf., pass. (acc. to coquo, no. I. b.), to ripen, dry, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 226; Pall. 1, 34, 7.—

To concoct, fabricate, invent: consilia nefarii facinoris, Decl. M. Posc. Latr.—

Trop.: suavitatem habeat orator austeram et solidam, non dulcem et decoctam, a severe and solid, not a luscious and mellow sweetness (the fig. being taken from wine), Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 104.—Hence, dēcoctĭus, adj. comp. (cf. no. II. B. 2.), riper, of composition; more carefully elaborated:

aspice et haec, si forte aliquid decoctius audis,

Pers. 1, 125.

ex-ĭmo, ēmi, emptum, 3, v. a. [emo; cf. adimo and demo], to take out, take away, remove (class.; syn.: demo, adimo, eripio, furor, etc.).

Lit.

In gen. (with de, ex, or simple abl.; rare with dat.):

eximito (acina) de dolio,

Cato R. R. 112, 3:

oleas, ulmos bene cum radicibus,

id. ib. 28, 1:

medullam e caule,

Plin. 26, 11, 71, § 116:

dentem alicui,

Cels. 6, 9; Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 181; cf.:

lienem cani viventi,

id. 30, 6, 17, § 51; and:

lapillos ventre crocodili,

id. 28, 8, 28, § 107:

telum,

Quint. 9, 2, 75:

gladium,

Vulg. Matt. 26, 51; cf.:

quid te exempta juvat spinis de pluribus una?

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 212:

eximi jubet non diem ex mense, sed ex anno unum mensem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 139:

ne tu ex reis eximerere,

id. ib. 2, 2, 40, § 99; for which: aliquem de reis, id. ib. 2, 4, 19, §

41: cf.: ut auctores alios omnino exemerint numero,

Quint. 1, 4, 3;

with which cf.: Phraaten numero beatorum Eximit virtus,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 19:

qui turbae quamvis bonorum auctorum eximatur,

Quint. 10, 1, 74.—

In partic., pregn., to free, release, deliver:

eum tamquam e vinculis eximamus,

Cic. Or. 23, 77:

aliquos ex obsidione,

id. Fam. 5, 6, 2;

for which: aliquos (urbem) obsidione,

Liv. 38, 15, 5:

ibi circumsessus adventu fratris obsidione eximitur,

id. 24, 41, 6; 36, 13, 1; 37, 22, 3.

Trop.

In gen., to take away, remove, banish:

quod si exemeris ex rerum natura benevolentiae conjunctionem,

Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

alicui lassitudinem,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 17; cf.:

illud, quod me angebat, non eximis,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 29:

hic dies vere mihi festus atras Eximet curas,

Hor. C. 3, 14, 14:

onus sollicitis animis,

id. Ep. 1, 5, 18:

eam religionem (augures),

Liv. 4, 31, 4:

dubitationem hujus utilitatis,

Quint. 1, 10, 28:

quamquam res adversae consilium eximerent,

Tac. A. 11, 32; 1, 32; 13, 15:

aliquid memoriae,

Suet. Claud. 11 et saep.:

exemptā fine patere,

i. e. without end, Lucr. 1, 976; 1, 1007.— Pass. impers.: plurimis mortalium non eximitur, quin primo cujusque ortu ventura destinentur, the idea is not taken from them, i. e. they cannot be convinced but that, etc., Tac. A. 6, 22.—

In partic.

To free, release, deliver from any thing; constr. with ex, the abl., since the Aug. per. freq. with dat., rarely with de:

aliquem metu,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 13:

ita me exemisti Philocratem fallaciis,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 16; cf.:

iis (rationibus) accusator ad alios ex culpa eximendos abutetur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 7, 24:

ex miseriis plurimis me,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 3:

se ex catenis,

id. Men. 1, 1, 8:

ex servitute,

Liv. 37, 56, 7; Sen. Ep. 104, 16:

aliquem crimine,

Liv. 6, 24, 8: cf.:

qui servitute exempti fuerant,

id. 34, 52 fin.:

cives servitio,

id. 28, 39, 18; 27, 22, 3; 33, 23, 2; Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 3:

non noxae (al. noxa) eximitur C. Fabius, qui, etc.,

Liv. 8, 35, 5 Drak. N. cr.; cf.:

supplicio magis quam crimini exemptus est,

Curt. 7, 1, 6:

servitio,

id. 6, 3, 3:

aliquem sceleri,

Val. Fl. 2, 256:

morti,

Tac. A. 14, 48:

infamiae,

id. ib. 1, 48:

legiones adversae pugnae,

id. ib. 1, 64:

Pisonem ignominiae,

id. ib. 3, 18:

ut morte honesta contumeliis captivitatis eximeretur,

id. ib. 12, 51:

querelae,

Sen. Ben. 6, 9, 1:

notae jam destinatae,

Gell. 4, 20, 9:

poenae,

Dig. 48, 10, 22, § 4:

opinionibus vulgi,

Quint. 12, 2, 28 et saep.:

exime hunc mihi scrupulum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 17, 2:

6, 8, 7: Romanis dubitationem,

Liv. 34, 37, 6:

de proscriptorum numero,

Nep. Att. 10, 4:

agrum de vectigalibus,

to exempt, Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 101.— Absol.:

nec sorte (opus fuisse) nisi quod se quisque eximi voluerit,

Quint. 4, 2, 74.—

Of time, to consume, waste:

Clodius rogatus diem dicendo eximere coepit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3; cf.:

Metellus calumnia dicendi tempus exemit,

id. Att. 4, 3, 3:

diem,

Liv. 1, 50, 8; so,

tempus,

Suet. Oth. 6:

diem,

Plin. Ep. 5, 21, 2:

male aetatem,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 1:

anno exempto,

Pall. 3, 17 fin.:

horam eximere ullam in tali cive liberando sine scelere non possumus,

lose, waste, Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 7 B. and K.—

To except, leave out of consideration:

leges, si majestatis quaestio eximeretur, bono in usu,

Tac. A. 4, 6.—

Law t. t., to detain, prevent from appearing in court: eum qui in jus vocatur, Gai Inst. 4, 46.