-
121 MTS
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Tracking System2) Ботаника: Moisture Transport System3) Военный термин: MARS technical service, Man-Transportable SOCRATES, Marine Tactical System, Masked Target Sensor, Mechanical Testing And Simulation, Message Telecommunications Service, Mission Teams Specialist, Modernization Through Spares, Moored Training Ship, Motor Transport Service, Multi Tank Syndrome, maintenance training set, maneuverable target simulator, manpower training services, master test station, material test specification, mechanical transport school, message traffic study, message transmission system, microwave test set, military test satellite, military training standard, military transportation section, missile test set, missile test stand, missile test station, missile tracking system, missile training squadron, missile tube supply, mobile tracking station, mobile tracking system, mobile training set, moving target screen, moving target simulator, multiple target screen, Maritime Tactical Schools (NATO)4) Техника: MTS system, magnetic tape station, main turbine system, memory test system, message telephone service5) Шутливое выражение: Make Transactions Slower, Mon The Scots, Murder The Sheriff6) Религия: Ministry Training Strategy7) Железнодорожный термин: Multi Train System8) Бухгалтерия: Money Transactions System9) Автомобильный термин: Multi-terrain Select (система помощи при движении по бездорожью)10) Биржевой термин: Mediocre Trading System11) Телекоммуникации: Message Telephone System, Message Transfer System12) Сокращение: Managerial Training System (at W. F. Bolger Management Academy and others), Marine Technological Society, Maritime Tactical School, Marked Target Seeker, Merlin Training System (UK Royal Navy), Message Transport System (Internet), Military Tactical Systems, Modular Tactical Switch, Movement Tracking System, Multiple Target Surveillance, magnetic tape system, Message Toll Service, Mud To Surface13) Университет: Math Technology And Science, Math Technology Science, Medium Technical School, Ministerial Training School14) Физика: Momentum Throttle Slide, Muffin Tin Surface15) Электроника: Material Tracking Standard, Medium Temperature System, Modular Time System, Multi Touch Switch16) Вычислительная техника: Moscow Time Standard-3:00, Message Transfer System (MHS), Microsoft Transaction Server (MS, DB, WSH, COM), Michigan Terminal System (OS), Magnetic Tape System (OS, HP, HP 2100), (запоминающее) устройство на магнитной ленте, microsoft transaction server17) Нефть: восходящий поток бурового раствора (mud to surface)18) Картография: mountains19) Транспорт: Mobil - Trac System20) Фирменный знак: Manitoba Telephone Services, Microsoft Technical Support22) Деловая лексика: Made To Stock23) Сетевые технологии: Multi Threaded Server, message tool service, message transfer service, служба передачи сообщений24) ЕБРР: medium term scenario25) Автоматика: make-to-stock, material transportation system26) Океанография: Marine Technology Society27) Химическое оружие: Mustard Temperature-Conditioning System28) Расширение файла: Message Transfer Service/System, Michigan Terminal System, Moscow Time Standard (+3:00), Microsoft Transaction Server (Microsoft)29) Теория: (Mahalanobis - Taguchi Startegy) Стратегия Махаланобиса - Тагучи30) Нефть и газ: Morse taper shank31) Майкрософт: система передачи сообщений32) Общественная организация: Maryland Temperance Society, Michigan Thoracic Society33) Должность: Member Of Technical Staff34) Правительство: Montgomery Transitional Services35) NYSE. Montgomery Street Income Securities, Inc.36) НАСА: Mission Team Specialist, Mission Training School37) Программное обеспечение: Millenium Theatre System38) Единицы измерений: Metric Ton Of Styrofoam -
122 MtS
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Tracking System2) Ботаника: Moisture Transport System3) Военный термин: MARS technical service, Man-Transportable SOCRATES, Marine Tactical System, Masked Target Sensor, Mechanical Testing And Simulation, Message Telecommunications Service, Mission Teams Specialist, Modernization Through Spares, Moored Training Ship, Motor Transport Service, Multi Tank Syndrome, maintenance training set, maneuverable target simulator, manpower training services, master test station, material test specification, mechanical transport school, message traffic study, message transmission system, microwave test set, military test satellite, military training standard, military transportation section, missile test set, missile test stand, missile test station, missile tracking system, missile training squadron, missile tube supply, mobile tracking station, mobile tracking system, mobile training set, moving target screen, moving target simulator, multiple target screen, Maritime Tactical Schools (NATO)4) Техника: MTS system, magnetic tape station, main turbine system, memory test system, message telephone service5) Шутливое выражение: Make Transactions Slower, Mon The Scots, Murder The Sheriff6) Религия: Ministry Training Strategy7) Железнодорожный термин: Multi Train System8) Бухгалтерия: Money Transactions System9) Автомобильный термин: Multi-terrain Select (система помощи при движении по бездорожью)10) Биржевой термин: Mediocre Trading System11) Телекоммуникации: Message Telephone System, Message Transfer System12) Сокращение: Managerial Training System (at W. F. Bolger Management Academy and others), Marine Technological Society, Maritime Tactical School, Marked Target Seeker, Merlin Training System (UK Royal Navy), Message Transport System (Internet), Military Tactical Systems, Modular Tactical Switch, Movement Tracking System, Multiple Target Surveillance, magnetic tape system, Message Toll Service, Mud To Surface13) Университет: Math Technology And Science, Math Technology Science, Medium Technical School, Ministerial Training School14) Физика: Momentum Throttle Slide, Muffin Tin Surface15) Электроника: Material Tracking Standard, Medium Temperature System, Modular Time System, Multi Touch Switch16) Вычислительная техника: Moscow Time Standard-3:00, Message Transfer System (MHS), Microsoft Transaction Server (MS, DB, WSH, COM), Michigan Terminal System (OS), Magnetic Tape System (OS, HP, HP 2100), (запоминающее) устройство на магнитной ленте, microsoft transaction server17) Нефть: восходящий поток бурового раствора (mud to surface)18) Картография: mountains19) Транспорт: Mobil - Trac System20) Фирменный знак: Manitoba Telephone Services, Microsoft Technical Support22) Деловая лексика: Made To Stock23) Сетевые технологии: Multi Threaded Server, message tool service, message transfer service, служба передачи сообщений24) ЕБРР: medium term scenario25) Автоматика: make-to-stock, material transportation system26) Океанография: Marine Technology Society27) Химическое оружие: Mustard Temperature-Conditioning System28) Расширение файла: Message Transfer Service/System, Michigan Terminal System, Moscow Time Standard (+3:00), Microsoft Transaction Server (Microsoft)29) Теория: (Mahalanobis - Taguchi Startegy) Стратегия Махаланобиса - Тагучи30) Нефть и газ: Morse taper shank31) Майкрософт: система передачи сообщений32) Общественная организация: Maryland Temperance Society, Michigan Thoracic Society33) Должность: Member Of Technical Staff34) Правительство: Montgomery Transitional Services35) NYSE. Montgomery Street Income Securities, Inc.36) НАСА: Mission Team Specialist, Mission Training School37) Программное обеспечение: Millenium Theatre System38) Единицы измерений: Metric Ton Of Styrofoam -
123 ATS
1) Общая лексика: (anti-tetanus serum) ПСС (противостолбнячная сыворотка) (http://www.sarid.net/earthquake/appeal102405.htm), Approved Teacher Status2) Авиация: условия приёмки, УВД, Administrative Tehminal System, Airbus Technical Specification, air traffic sector, auto throttle system, auto thrust system3) Спорт: Against The Spread4) Военный термин: Across The Scope, Advanced Tracking Sensor, Air Technical Service, Air Transport Service, Airborne Tactical SIGINT, Annual Training Site, Army Transport Service, Army topographic station, Audit Trail Server, Automated Tasking System, Salvage and Rescue Ship, accelerator test stand, acceptance test specification, acoustic target sensor, acoustic telemetry subsystem, acquisition and tracking system, active television system, advanced target system, advanced training school, advanced training squadron, air traffic section, air training scheme, air training school, air transport squadron, air-to-surface, aircraft trouble-shooting system, aircraft turnaround supervisor, aircrew training system, angle tracking subsystem, antenna test station, applications technology satellite, armament training station, automatic tactical switchboard, automatic telemetry system, automatic terminal system, automatic test system5) Техника: acoustic telescanner, acquisition target and search, advanced technology satellite program, advanced text system, advanced tubesheet sleeve, advanced turbine systems, agency training system, air transportable sonar, air-to-ship, airport traffic service, ampere-turns, analog television system, angle tracking system, automated telegraph system, automated terminal station, automatic transmission system6) Метеорология: Advanced Technology Satellites7) Юридический термин: Analytic Trouble Shooting8) Автомобильный термин: air temperature sensor (Chrysler)9) Ветеринария: American Tarantula Society10) Телекоммуникации: АСП, аналоговая система передачи11) Сокращение: Acoustic Tracking System, Advanced Tactical Support, Advanced Tactical Surveillance (aircraft), Advanced Tactical Surveillance, Advanced Technology Satellite, Advanced Tracking System, Agile Target System, Air Traffic Services, Air Traffic System, Air Transport Service / Support, Aircrew Training System (USA), American Temperance Society, American Theological Society, American Therapeutic Society, Amphibious Transport Ship, Astronomical Time Switch, Atelier de Construction de Tarbes (France), Automated Telemetry System, Automatic Tray Sleever, Aviation Training Ship (UK Royal Navy), Salvage & rescue ship (USA), Automatic Telephone System (Station), American Television Society, American Test System, исполнительная терминальная система (Administrative Terminal System)12) Университет: American Teaching System, Applicant Tracking System13) Физиология: Anxiety tension state, Arteriosclerosis14) Электроника: Absolute Time Sequence15) Вычислительная техника: Abstract Test Suite, Administrative Terminal System, Apple Terminal Services (Apple, AppleTalk), система автоматического перевода16) Нефть: auto transfer system, automated test system17) Иммунология: antitetanic serum, antithymocyte serum18) Биохимия: Anti-Thymocyte Serum19) Банковское дело: австрийский шиллинг (Austrian schilling), система автоматического перевода денежных средств (automatic transfer system), счёт услуг по автоматическому переводу средств (СУАП)20) Транспорт: Advanced Transportation System, American Travel Survey, Automatic Train Supervision, Aviation Technical Services21) Воздухоплавание: Air Traffic Service22) Фирменный знак: Amalgamated Taxis Services23) Деловая лексика: Aggravate The Secretaries, Alternative Trading Systems, Angel The Series, Australian Technology Showcase, Automated Trading System24) Нефтегазовая техника автоматическая телеметрическая система (automated telemetry system)25) Образование: Alternate Training Solutions26) Инвестиции: Austrian schilling27) Сетевые технологии: automated troubleshooting system, automatic transfer system, автоматическая система диагностики, автоматический передаточный ключ (Automatic Transfer Switch)28) Программирование: At Title Screen29) Автоматика: automatic terminal station30) Океанография: Application Technology Satellite31) Лесопиление: бревнопильный станок для работы в полевых условиях32) Расширение файла: Apple Terminal Services33) Карачаганак: система отслеживания мероприятий (Action Tracking System)34) Электротехника: automatic transfer switch, автоматическое переключение резерва35) NYSE. A P T Satellite Holdings, LTD.36) Программное обеспечение: Apple Type Services -
124 ATs
1) Общая лексика: (anti-tetanus serum) ПСС (противостолбнячная сыворотка) (http://www.sarid.net/earthquake/appeal102405.htm), Approved Teacher Status2) Авиация: условия приёмки, УВД, Administrative Tehminal System, Airbus Technical Specification, air traffic sector, auto throttle system, auto thrust system3) Спорт: Against The Spread4) Военный термин: Across The Scope, Advanced Tracking Sensor, Air Technical Service, Air Transport Service, Airborne Tactical SIGINT, Annual Training Site, Army Transport Service, Army topographic station, Audit Trail Server, Automated Tasking System, Salvage and Rescue Ship, accelerator test stand, acceptance test specification, acoustic target sensor, acoustic telemetry subsystem, acquisition and tracking system, active television system, advanced target system, advanced training school, advanced training squadron, air traffic section, air training scheme, air training school, air transport squadron, air-to-surface, aircraft trouble-shooting system, aircraft turnaround supervisor, aircrew training system, angle tracking subsystem, antenna test station, applications technology satellite, armament training station, automatic tactical switchboard, automatic telemetry system, automatic terminal system, automatic test system5) Техника: acoustic telescanner, acquisition target and search, advanced technology satellite program, advanced text system, advanced tubesheet sleeve, advanced turbine systems, agency training system, air transportable sonar, air-to-ship, airport traffic service, ampere-turns, analog television system, angle tracking system, automated telegraph system, automated terminal station, automatic transmission system6) Метеорология: Advanced Technology Satellites7) Юридический термин: Analytic Trouble Shooting8) Автомобильный термин: air temperature sensor (Chrysler)9) Ветеринария: American Tarantula Society10) Телекоммуникации: АСП, аналоговая система передачи11) Сокращение: Acoustic Tracking System, Advanced Tactical Support, Advanced Tactical Surveillance (aircraft), Advanced Tactical Surveillance, Advanced Technology Satellite, Advanced Tracking System, Agile Target System, Air Traffic Services, Air Traffic System, Air Transport Service / Support, Aircrew Training System (USA), American Temperance Society, American Theological Society, American Therapeutic Society, Amphibious Transport Ship, Astronomical Time Switch, Atelier de Construction de Tarbes (France), Automated Telemetry System, Automatic Tray Sleever, Aviation Training Ship (UK Royal Navy), Salvage & rescue ship (USA), Automatic Telephone System (Station), American Television Society, American Test System, исполнительная терминальная система (Administrative Terminal System)12) Университет: American Teaching System, Applicant Tracking System13) Физиология: Anxiety tension state, Arteriosclerosis14) Электроника: Absolute Time Sequence15) Вычислительная техника: Abstract Test Suite, Administrative Terminal System, Apple Terminal Services (Apple, AppleTalk), система автоматического перевода16) Нефть: auto transfer system, automated test system17) Иммунология: antitetanic serum, antithymocyte serum18) Биохимия: Anti-Thymocyte Serum19) Банковское дело: австрийский шиллинг (Austrian schilling), система автоматического перевода денежных средств (automatic transfer system), счёт услуг по автоматическому переводу средств (СУАП)20) Транспорт: Advanced Transportation System, American Travel Survey, Automatic Train Supervision, Aviation Technical Services21) Воздухоплавание: Air Traffic Service22) Фирменный знак: Amalgamated Taxis Services23) Деловая лексика: Aggravate The Secretaries, Alternative Trading Systems, Angel The Series, Australian Technology Showcase, Automated Trading System24) Нефтегазовая техника автоматическая телеметрическая система (automated telemetry system)25) Образование: Alternate Training Solutions26) Инвестиции: Austrian schilling27) Сетевые технологии: automated troubleshooting system, automatic transfer system, автоматическая система диагностики, автоматический передаточный ключ (Automatic Transfer Switch)28) Программирование: At Title Screen29) Автоматика: automatic terminal station30) Океанография: Application Technology Satellite31) Лесопиление: бревнопильный станок для работы в полевых условиях32) Расширение файла: Apple Terminal Services33) Карачаганак: система отслеживания мероприятий (Action Tracking System)34) Электротехника: automatic transfer switch, автоматическое переключение резерва35) NYSE. A P T Satellite Holdings, LTD.36) Программное обеспечение: Apple Type Services -
125 ats
1) Общая лексика: (anti-tetanus serum) ПСС (противостолбнячная сыворотка) (http://www.sarid.net/earthquake/appeal102405.htm), Approved Teacher Status2) Авиация: условия приёмки, УВД, Administrative Tehminal System, Airbus Technical Specification, air traffic sector, auto throttle system, auto thrust system3) Спорт: Against The Spread4) Военный термин: Across The Scope, Advanced Tracking Sensor, Air Technical Service, Air Transport Service, Airborne Tactical SIGINT, Annual Training Site, Army Transport Service, Army topographic station, Audit Trail Server, Automated Tasking System, Salvage and Rescue Ship, accelerator test stand, acceptance test specification, acoustic target sensor, acoustic telemetry subsystem, acquisition and tracking system, active television system, advanced target system, advanced training school, advanced training squadron, air traffic section, air training scheme, air training school, air transport squadron, air-to-surface, aircraft trouble-shooting system, aircraft turnaround supervisor, aircrew training system, angle tracking subsystem, antenna test station, applications technology satellite, armament training station, automatic tactical switchboard, automatic telemetry system, automatic terminal system, automatic test system5) Техника: acoustic telescanner, acquisition target and search, advanced technology satellite program, advanced text system, advanced tubesheet sleeve, advanced turbine systems, agency training system, air transportable sonar, air-to-ship, airport traffic service, ampere-turns, analog television system, angle tracking system, automated telegraph system, automated terminal station, automatic transmission system6) Метеорология: Advanced Technology Satellites7) Юридический термин: Analytic Trouble Shooting8) Автомобильный термин: air temperature sensor (Chrysler)9) Ветеринария: American Tarantula Society10) Телекоммуникации: АСП, аналоговая система передачи11) Сокращение: Acoustic Tracking System, Advanced Tactical Support, Advanced Tactical Surveillance (aircraft), Advanced Tactical Surveillance, Advanced Technology Satellite, Advanced Tracking System, Agile Target System, Air Traffic Services, Air Traffic System, Air Transport Service / Support, Aircrew Training System (USA), American Temperance Society, American Theological Society, American Therapeutic Society, Amphibious Transport Ship, Astronomical Time Switch, Atelier de Construction de Tarbes (France), Automated Telemetry System, Automatic Tray Sleever, Aviation Training Ship (UK Royal Navy), Salvage & rescue ship (USA), Automatic Telephone System (Station), American Television Society, American Test System, исполнительная терминальная система (Administrative Terminal System)12) Университет: American Teaching System, Applicant Tracking System13) Физиология: Anxiety tension state, Arteriosclerosis14) Электроника: Absolute Time Sequence15) Вычислительная техника: Abstract Test Suite, Administrative Terminal System, Apple Terminal Services (Apple, AppleTalk), система автоматического перевода16) Нефть: auto transfer system, automated test system17) Иммунология: antitetanic serum, antithymocyte serum18) Биохимия: Anti-Thymocyte Serum19) Банковское дело: австрийский шиллинг (Austrian schilling), система автоматического перевода денежных средств (automatic transfer system), счёт услуг по автоматическому переводу средств (СУАП)20) Транспорт: Advanced Transportation System, American Travel Survey, Automatic Train Supervision, Aviation Technical Services21) Воздухоплавание: Air Traffic Service22) Фирменный знак: Amalgamated Taxis Services23) Деловая лексика: Aggravate The Secretaries, Alternative Trading Systems, Angel The Series, Australian Technology Showcase, Automated Trading System24) Нефтегазовая техника автоматическая телеметрическая система (automated telemetry system)25) Образование: Alternate Training Solutions26) Инвестиции: Austrian schilling27) Сетевые технологии: automated troubleshooting system, automatic transfer system, автоматическая система диагностики, автоматический передаточный ключ (Automatic Transfer Switch)28) Программирование: At Title Screen29) Автоматика: automatic terminal station30) Океанография: Application Technology Satellite31) Лесопиление: бревнопильный станок для работы в полевых условиях32) Расширение файла: Apple Terminal Services33) Карачаганак: система отслеживания мероприятий (Action Tracking System)34) Электротехника: automatic transfer switch, автоматическое переключение резерва35) NYSE. A P T Satellite Holdings, LTD.36) Программное обеспечение: Apple Type Services -
126 sostenere
support( affermare) maintain* * *sostenere v.tr.1 to support, to hold* up, to sustain: l'ho sostenuto col braccio, I supported him with my arm; sostenere qlcu. per la vita, to hold s.o. up by the waist; il muro è sostenuto da pali, the wall is supported (o propped up) by posts; tutto il peso era sostenuto da una grossa corda, the entire weight was supported by a thick rope // la speranza ci sostiene, hope gives us strength2 ( portare) to carry, to take*: questo ponte non può sostenere più di dieci tonnellate, this bridge cannot carry more than ten tons; il tavolino non può sostenere tutto quel peso, the table can't take all that weight3 ( appoggiare) to back (up), to support, to uphold*; ( difendere) to defend: fu sostenuto da suo padre in tutti i modi, he was backed (up) by his father in every way; questa teoria è sostenuta dall'esperienza e dai fatti, this theory is supported by experience and by facts; sostenere una teoria, to back up a theory; sostenere una causa, una dottrina, to uphold (o to support o to defend) a cause, a doctrine; sono pronto a sostenere il mio punto di vista, I am ready to uphold (o to defend) my point of view; sostenere una candidatura, to back a candidacy; sostenere un partito, to support a party; ( con finanziamenti) to back a party; il giornale ha sostenuto la sua campagna elettorale, the newspaper backed his election campaign // (dir.): sostenere un'accusa, to support a charge; sostenere la difesa di qlcu. in giudizio, to defend s.o. in court // (econ.): sostenere i prezzi, to peg (o to support) prices; sostenere una moneta, to back (o to support) a currency // sostenere un amico, to stand by a friend // sostenere il buon nome, la reputazione della famiglia, to keep up the good name, the reputation of one's family4 ( asserire) to maintain, to assert, to uphold*: l'ho detto e lo sostengo, I said it and I maintain it; sostiene d'averlo visto, he maintains (o asserts) that he saw it; sostenere la propria innocenza, to maintain that one is innocent (o to assert one's innocence); sostenere la verità, to uphold the truth5 ( resistere a) to resist; to withstand*: sostenere un attacco nemico, to resist an enemy attack; sostenere il fuoco nemico, to withstand enemy fire6 ( sopportare) to bear*; to stand*, to endure; ( reggere) to stand* up to: sostenere le spese di qlco., to bear the cost of sthg.; sostenere perdite, to sustain losses; sostenere la concorrenza, to stand up to (o to meet) competition; sostenere il confronto con..., to stand (o to bear) comparison with...; sostenere un interrogatorio, to undergo questioning; sostenere una prova, to stand a test; gli argini non hanno sostenuto la pressione dell'acqua, the banks did not stand up to the pressure of the water; riuscì a sostenere la tensione per un lungo periodo, he succeeded in standing up to the strain for a long time; non so come riesca a sostenere questo ritmo di vita, I don't know how she stands this pace8 ( esercitare) to hold*: sostenere la presidenza, to hold the presidency; sostenere un incarico, to hold (o to occupy) a position9 ( rinvigorire) to strengthen, to sustain: un buon caffè ti sosterrà per qualche ora, a good cup of coffee will keep you going for a few hours.◘ sostenersi v.rifl. o intr.pron.1 ( tenersi in piedi) to stand* (up) (anche fig.): ( appoggiarsi) to support oneself; to lean*: cammina sostenendosi con un bastone, he walks with a stick; si sosteneva al muro, he was leaning against the wall; è un'ipotesi che non si sostiene, it's a hypothesis that isn't convincing (o doesn't hold water); sostenere reciprocamente, to back each other up2 ( sostentarsi) to sustain oneself, to keep* up one's strength: deve sostenere con cibi molto nutrienti, he must sustain himself (o keep up his strength) with nourishing food3 ( mantenersi) to support oneself, to keep* oneself: guadagna appena il necessario per sostenere, he hardly makes enough to keep himself; è un giornale che si sostiene con finanziamenti privati, it is a newspaper with private (financial) backing.* * *1. [soste'nere]vb irreg vt1) (gen : tenere su) to support, hold up, (con medicina) to sustain2) (candidato, partito) to support, back, (famiglia) to supportsostenere qn — (moralmente) to be a support to sb, (difendere) to stand up for sb, take sb's part
3) (attacco, shock) to stand up to, withstand, (sguardo) to bear, stand, (sforzo) to keep up, sustain, (esame) to takesostenere il confronto — to bear o stand comparison
sostenere delle spese — to meet o incur expenses
la tesi da lui sostenuta è che... — he maintains that...
5) Teatro Cine2. vr (sostenersi)1) (tenersi su) to hold o.s. up, support o.s., (con medicine) to keep o.s. going, keep one's strength upsostenersi al muro — (appoggiarsi) to hold on to the wall, lean on the wall
2) (uso reciproco) to hold each other up, (fig : moralmente) to stand by each other, support each other* * *[soste'nere] 1.verbo transitivo1) (reggere) to support, to sustain, to bear*, to carry [ peso]; to support, to prop (up) [ muro]; to prop [ tetto]; to hold* up [ scaffale]; to support [ferito, malato]2) fig. (appoggiare) to back (up), to stand* by, to prop up [ persona]; to back, to support [partito, candidato causa]; to prop up, to sustain [economia, regime]; to defend, to uphold* [idea, principio, teoria]ti sosterrò fino in fondo — I'm with you o behind you all the way
4) (affermare) to claim, to assert, to maintain6) (affrontare) to take*, to stand*, to sit* (for) BE [esami, prove]7) teatr. to play, to act [ parte]8) fig. (nutrire) to nourish, to give* strength to2.verbo pronominale sostenersi1) (reggersi in piedi) to stand* up2) (mantenersi in forma) to sustain oneself3) (economicamente) to earn one's living, to keep* oneself* * *sostenere/soste'nere/ [93]1 (reggere) to support, to sustain, to bear*, to carry [ peso]; to support, to prop (up) [ muro]; to prop [ tetto]; to hold* up [ scaffale]; to support [ferito, malato]2 fig. (appoggiare) to back (up), to stand* by, to prop up [ persona]; to back, to support [partito, candidato causa]; to prop up, to sustain [economia, regime]; to defend, to uphold* [idea, principio, teoria]; ti sosterrò fino in fondo I'm with you o behind you all the way4 (affermare) to claim, to assert, to maintain; si può sostenere che it's arguable that; sostenere il proprio punto di vista to argue one's point; sostenere di essere innocente to claim to be innocent5 fig. (sopportare, fronteggiare, tollerare) to bear* [ tensione]; to stand* [ confronto]; sostenere forti spese to go to great expense; non riusciva a sostenere il suo sguardo he couldn't meet her eye6 (affrontare) to take*, to stand*, to sit* (for) BE [esami, prove]7 teatr. to play, to act [ parte]8 fig. (nutrire) to nourish, to give* strength toII sostenersi verbo pronominale1 (reggersi in piedi) to stand* up2 (mantenersi in forma) to sustain oneself3 (economicamente) to earn one's living, to keep* oneself. -
127 before
1. adverb1) (of time) vorher; zuvorthe day before — am Tag zuvor
long before — lange vorher od. zuvor
you should have told me so before — das hättest du mir vorher od. früher od. eher sagen sollen
I've seen that film before — ich habe den Film schon [einmal] gesehen
2) (ahead in position) vor[aus]3) (in front) voran2. prepositionit was [well] before my time — das war [lange] vor meiner Zeit
since before the war — schon vor dem Krieg
before now — vorher; früher
before Christ — vor Christus; vor Christi Geburt
he got there before me — er war vor mir da
before leaving, he phoned/I will phone — bevor er wegging, rief er an/bevor ich weggehe, rufe ich an
before tax — brutto; vor [Abzug (Dat.) der] Steuern
2) (position) vor (+ Dat.); (direction) vor (+ Akk.)appear before the judge — vor dem Richter erscheinen; see also academic.ru/11106/carry">carry 1. 1)
3) (awaiting)have one's life before one — sein Leben noch vor sich (Dat.) haben; (confronting)
the matter before us — das uns (Dat.) vorliegende Thema
the task before us — die Aufgabe, die vor uns (Dat.) liegt
4) (more important than) vor (+ Dat.)3. conjunctionhe puts work before everything — die Arbeit ist ihm wichtiger als alles andere
it'll be ages before I finish this — es wird eine Ewigkeit dauern, bis ich damit fertig bin
* * *[bi'fo:] 1. preposition1) (earlier than: before the war; He'll come before very long.) (be-)vor2) (in front of: She was before me in the queue.) vor3) (rather than: Honour before wealth.) vor2. adverb(earlier: I've seen you before.) vorher3. conjunction(earlier than the time when: Before I go, I must phone my parents.) bevor* * *be·fore[bɪˈfɔ:ʳ, AM -ˈfɔ:r]I. prepI need to go \before 2 pm ich muss vor 2 Uhr gehenwash your hands \before the meal wasch dir vor dem Essen die Hände\before leaving he said goodbye to each of them vor seiner Abfahrt verabschiedete er sich von jedem Einzelnen\before everything else zuallererst\before long in Kürze\before now schon früher\before the time zu früh\before one's time vorzeitigshe has grown old \before her time sie ist vorzeitig gealtertto be \before one's time seiner Zeit voraus seinthe day \before yesterday vorgesternthe year \before last/this vorletztes/letztes Jahrjust \before sth kurz vor etw datshe always buys her Christmas presents just \before Christmas sie kauft ihre Weihnachtsgeschenke immer erst kurz vor Weihnachtenthe letter K comes \before L der Buchstabe K kommt vor dem Lthe patterns swam \before her eyes die Zeichen verschwammen vor ihren Augenthere is a large sign \before the house vor dem Haus ist ein großes Schildthe bus stop is just \before the school die Bushaltestelle befindet sich direkt vor der Schulemany mothers put their children's needs \before their own viele Mütter stellen die Bedürfnisse ihrer Kinder über ihre eigenenI'd go to prison \before asking her for money ich würde eher ins Gefängnis gehen, als sie um Geld zu bittenfor me family is \before everything die Familie geht mir über alleshe stood up \before the audience er stand vor dem Publikum aufit happened \before her very eyes es geschah vor ihren Augenour case is coming \before the court this week unser Fall kommt diese Woche vor Gerichtthe task \before us die Aufgabe, vor der wir stehento lie \before one vor jdm liegento have sth \before one etw vor sich dat habenyou have your whole future \before you du hast noch deine ganze Zukunft vor dirII. conj1. (at previous time) bevor\before you criticize me,... bevor du mich kritisierst,...she was waiting long \before it was time sie wartete schon lange, bevor es soweit warjust \before she left the house,... als sie gerade das Haus verlassen wollte,...but \before I knew it, she was gone doch ehe ich mich versah, war sie schon verschwunden2. (rather than) bevor, ehe\before they testified against their friends, they said they'd go to jail sie würden eher ins Gefängnis gehen, als gegen ihre Freunde auszusagen, meinten siethey would die \before they would cooperate with each other sie würden lieber sterben als miteinander zusammenzuarbeiten3. (until) bisit was an hour \before the police arrived es dauerte eine Stunde, bis die Polizei eintraf\before we got the test results back, a month had gone by wir warteten einen Monat auf die Testergebnisseit will be two weeks \before he arrives er wird erst in zwei Wochen eintreffen▪ not \before erst wenn, nicht eher als bisyou can't go \before you've finished du kannst erst gehen, wenn du fertig bist4. (so that) damityou must say the password at the door \before they'll let you in du musst an der Tür das Kennwort sagen, damit sie dich hineinlassen1. (earlier, previously) zuvor, vorherI have never seen that \before das habe ich noch nie gesehenhave you been to Cologne \before? waren Sie schon einmal in Köln?haven't we met \before? haben wir uns nicht schon einmal gesehen?that has never happened \before das ist [bisher] noch nie passiertshe has seen it all \before sie kennt das alles schonto be as \before wie früher seinlife went on as \before das Leben ging wieder seinen gewohnten Gang\before and after davor und danach2. (in front) vorn\before and behind vorn und hintenthe day \before, it had rained tags zuvor hatte es geregnetthe year \before it had been rather quiet das Vorjahr war ganz ruhig verlaufenread this line and the one \before lies diese Zeile und die vorhergehende [o davor]* * *[bɪ'fɔː(r)]1. prep1) (= earlier than) vor (+dat)the year before last/this — vorletztes/letztes Jahr, das vorletzte/letzte Jahr
the day/time before that — der Tag/die Zeit davor
before Christ ( abbr BC ) — vor Christi Geburt
I got/was here before you — ich war vor dir da
to be before sb/sth — vor jdm/etw liegen
before now — früher, eher, vorher
to come before sb/sth — vor jdm/etw kommen
before everything — die Ehre geht mir über alles, für mich ist die Ehre das Wichtigste
ladies before gentlemen — Damen haben den Vortritt
4) (= in the presence of) vor (+dat)before God/a lawyer — vor Gott/einem Anwalt
to appear before a court/judge — vor Gericht/einem Richter erscheinen
5)(= rather than)
death before surrender — eher or lieber tot als sich ergeben2. advI have seen/read etc this before — ich habe das schon einmal gesehen/gelesen etc
(on) the evening/day before — am Abend/Tag davor or zuvor or vorher
(in) the month/year before — im Monat/Jahr davor
to continue as before (person) — (so) wie vorher weitermachen
2)(= ahead)
to march on before — vorausmarschieren3) (indicating order) davorthat chapter and the one before — dieses Kapitel und das davor
3. conj1) (in time) bevorbefore doing sth — bevor man etw tut
you can't go before this is done — du kannst erst gehen, wenn das gemacht ist
it will be a long time before he comes back — es wird lange dauern, bis er zurückkommt
2)(= rather than)
he will die before he surrenders — eher will er sterben als sich geschlagen geben* * *A adv1. (räumlich) vorn, voran…:go before vorangehen2. (zeitlich) vorher, zuvor, vormals, früher (schon), bereits, schon:an hour before eine Stunde vorher oder früher;long before lange vorher oder zuvor;the year before das vorhergehende oder das vorige Jahr;haven’t I seen you before? habe ich Sie nicht schon einmal gesehen?;haven’t we met before? kennen wir uns nicht?B präpbefore my eyes vor meinen Augen;he sat before me er saß vor mir;the question before us die (uns) vorliegende Frage2. vor (dat), in Gegenwart von (oder gen):before witnesses vor Zeugenthe week before last vorletzte Woche;before long in Kürze, bald;what is before us was (in der Zukunft) vor uns liegt;4. (Reihenfolge, Rang) vor (akk oder dat):be before the others den anderen (in der Schule etc) voraus seinC konj1. bevor, bis, ehe:not before nicht früher oder eher als bis, erst als, erst wenn2. lieber oder eher …, als dass:* * *1. adverb1) (of time) vorher; zuvorlong before — lange vorher od. zuvor
you should have told me so before — das hättest du mir vorher od. früher od. eher sagen sollen
I've seen that film before — ich habe den Film schon [einmal] gesehen
2) (ahead in position) vor[aus]3) (in front) voran2. preposition1) (of time) vor (+ Dat.)it was [well] before my time — das war [lange] vor meiner Zeit
before now — vorher; früher
before Christ — vor Christus; vor Christi Geburt
before leaving, he phoned/I will phone — bevor er wegging, rief er an/bevor ich weggehe, rufe ich an
before tax — brutto; vor [Abzug (Dat.) der] Steuern
2) (position) vor (+ Dat.); (direction) vor (+ Akk.)appear before the judge — vor dem Richter erscheinen; see also carry 1. 1)
3) (awaiting)have one's life before one — sein Leben noch vor sich (Dat.) haben; (confronting)
the matter before us — das uns (Dat.) vorliegende Thema
the task before us — die Aufgabe, die vor uns (Dat.) liegt
4) (more important than) vor (+ Dat.)3. conjunctionit'll be ages before I finish this — es wird eine Ewigkeit dauern, bis ich damit fertig bin
* * *(after) tax expr.vor (nach)Abzug der Steuern ausdr. adv.bevor adv.eh adv.voran adv.vorher adv.vorn adv. prep.vor präp. -
128 hart
firm; oppressive; austere; stern; hard-line; hard; tough; severe* * *hạrt [hart]1. adj comp - er['hɛrtɐ] superl -este(r, s) ['hɛrtəstə]1) (= nicht weich, nicht sanft) hard; Matratze, Bett, Federung, Apfelschale hard, firm; Aufprall, Ruck violent, hard; Wind strong; Ei hard-boiledhart werden — to get hard, to harden
er hat einen harten Leib (Med old) — he is constipated
ein hartes Herz haben (fig) — to have a hard heart, to be hard-hearted
hart wie Stahl/Stein — as hard as steel/stone
2) (= scharf) Konturen, Kontrast, Formen sharp; (PHOT ) Negativ sharp; (Gesichts)züge, Konsonant hard; Licht harsh, hard; Klang, Ton, Aussprache, Akzent harsh3) (= rau) Spiel, Gegner rough; (fig ) Getränke strong; Droge hard; Porno hard-core; Kriminalfilm etc, Western tough4) (= widerstandsfähig, robust) toughgelobt sei, was hart macht (prov, usu iro) — treat 'em rough, make 'em tough! (inf)
in harten Dollars — in hard dollars
6) (= streng, gnadenlos, kompromisslos) Mensch, Kampf hard; Wort strong, harsh; Winter, Frost, Vertragsbedingung hard, severe; Strafe, Urteil, Kritik severe, harsh; Maßnahmen, Gesetze, Politik, Kurs tough; Auseinandersetzung violentder harte Kern einer Vereinigung — the hard core of an organization
hart bleiben — to stand or remain firm
hart mit jdm sein — to be hard on sb, to be harsh with sb
7) (= schwer zu ertragen) Los, Schicksal, Tatsache hard, cruel; Verlust cruel; Wirklichkeit, Wahrheit harshes war sehr hart für ihn, dass er... — it was very hard for him to...
oh, das war hart! (inf: Witz etc) — oh, that was painful!
8) (= mühevoll, anstrengend) Arbeit, Leben, Zeiten hard, tough10) (COMPUT) Trennung, Zeilenumbruch hard2. adv comp -er,superl am -esten1) (= nicht weich) harder schläft gern[e] hart — he likes sleeping on a hard surface/bed
hart gefroren — frozen, frozen stiff pred, frozen solid pred
hart gekocht or gesotten (Aus) (Ei) — hard-boiled; Mensch hard-baked (inf), hard-boiled
2) (= scharf) kontrastiert sharplyhart klingen (Sprache) — to sound hard; (Bemerkung) to sound harsh
hart bedrängt sein — to be put under pressure
hart einsteigen (Sport) — to go hard at it
jdn hart anfahren — to bite sb's head off (inf)
jdm hart zusetzen — to give sb a hard time
etw trifft jdn hart (lit, fig) — sth hits sb hard
hart spielen (Sport) — to play rough
4) (= streng) severely, harshlyhart durchgreifen — to take tough or rigorous action
jdn hart anfassen — to be hard on sb, to treat sb harshly
5) (= mühevoll) hardes kommt mich hart an (geh) — I find it hard
6) (= nahe) close (an +dat to)das ist hart an der Grenze der Legalität/des Zumutbaren — that's pushing legality/reasonableness to its (very) limit(s), that's on the very limits of legality/of what's reasonable
das ist hart an der Grenze zum Kriminellen/zum Kitsch — that's very close to being criminal/kitsch
wir fuhren hart am Abgrund vorbei (fig) — we were (very) close to disaster, we were on the (very) brink of disaster
* * *1) harshly2) ((of people, discipline etc) very strict; cruel: That is a very harsh punishment to give a young child.) harsh3) (firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc: The ground is too hard to dig.) hard4) (not feeling or showing kindness: a hard master.) hard5) (having or causing suffering: a hard life; hard times.) hard6) ((of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added: The water is hard in this part of the country.) hard7) (with great effort: He works very hard; Think hard.) hard8) rough9) ((often with with) severe: Don't be so sharp with the child!; She got a sharp reproach from me.) sharp* * *< härter, härteste>[hart]I. adj1. (opp: weich) hard; (straff) firm; KOCHK (fest im Zustand) hard; Bett hard; Matratze firm; Ei hard-boileddiese Früchte haben eine sehr \harte Schale these fruits have a very hard skineine Decke auf dem Fußboden wird ein \hartes Nachtlager sein a blanket on the floor will be a hard surface to sleep on; s.a. Nuss2. (heftig) severeein \harter Aufprall/Ruck a severe impact/jolt3. (unmelodisch) harsher spricht mit einem \harten Akzent he has a harsh accent4. FOTO, KUNST, MUS\harte Farben harsh colours\harte Formen sharp forms\hartes Licht harsh [or hard] lightdie Tarifverhandlungen werden härter als gewohnt werden wage negotiations will be tougher than usualdas war der härteste Film, den ich je gesehen habe that was the most violent film I have ever seen8. (abgehärtet, robust) toughSöldner sind \harte Kerle mercenaries are tough fellows▪ \hart werden to become tough [or hardened9. (stabil, sicher) stable\harte Währung hard currencyseine Mutter ist immer eine \harte Frau gewesen his mother has always been a hard womandas sind aber \harte Worte! those are harsh words!ein \harter Winter a severe [or harsh] winter▪ \hart mit jdm sein to be hard on sb11. (schwer zu ertragen) cruel, hardder Tod ihres Mannes war für sie ein \harter Schlag the death of her husband was a cruel blow for her\harte Zeiten hard timesdie \harte Realität/Wahrheit the harsh reality/truth▪ \hart für jdn sein, dass... to be hard on sb that...12. (mühevoll) hard, tough\harte Arbeit hard work13. (kalkhaltig)\hartes Wasser hard water14.wir werden keinen Deut nachgeben, auch wenn es \hart auf \hart geht we're not going to give an inch, even if it comes to the crunch▶ \hart im Nehmen sein (beim Boxen) to be able to take a lot of punishment; (in Bezug auf Schicksalsschläge) to be resilient▶ durch eine \harte Schule gegangen sein to have learnt it the hard wayII. adv1. (nicht weich) hardich schlafe lieber \hart I prefer to sleep on a firm surfaceder Boden ist bis in zwei Meter Tiefe \hart gefroren the ground is frozen solid to a depth of two metres\hart gekocht attr hard-boiled\hart gesotten hard-bitten2. (heftig)bei dem Sturz ist er so \hart gefallen, dass er sich das Bein brach he had such a severe fall that he broke his legsie prallte \hart auf die Windschutzscheibe auf she hit the windscreen with tremendous force3. (rau) harshlydie Sprache klingt in europäischen Ohren ganz \hart the language sounds quite harsh to a European ear4. (streng) severelydu verhältst dich ihr gegenüber zu \hart you're behaving too harshly towards her5. (mühevoll) hard\hart arbeiten to work hard6. (unmittelbar) closedas Auto kam \hart an dem steilen Abhang zum Stehen the car came to a halt just before the steep slope7.▶ jdn \hart anfassen to treat sb severelyauch wenn es mich \hart ankommt, ich muss bei meiner Entscheidung bleiben even if I find it hard I must stick by [or to] my decision▶ \hart durchgreifen to take tough [or rigorous] action▶ \hart gesotten hardeneder ist ein \hart gesottener Geschäftsmann, der alle Tricks kennt he's a hardened businessman who knows all the tricks▶ jdn \hart treffen to hit sb hardder Tod seiner Frau hat ihn doch \hart getroffen the death of his wife has hit him very hard▶ jdm \hart zusetzen to press sb hard* * *1.; härter, härtest... Adjektiv1) hardharte/hart gekochte Eier — hard-boiled eggs
hart gefroren — frozen solid; s. auch Nuss 1)
2) (abgehärtet) toughhart im Nehmen sein — (Schläge ertragen können) be able to take a punch; (Enttäuschungen ertragen können) be able to take the rough with the smooth
3) (schwer erträglich) hard <work, life, fate, lot, times>; tough <childhood, situation, job>; harsh <reality, truth>ein harter Schlag für jemanden sein — be a heavy or severe blow for somebody
4) (streng) severe, harsh < penalty, punishment, judgement>; tough <measure, law, course>; harsh < treatment>; severe, hard < features>6) (rau, scharf) rough <game, opponent>; hard, severe < winter, frost>; harsh <accent, contrast>2.1) (mühevoll) < work> hard2) (streng) severely; harshly3) (heftig)jemandem hart zusetzen, jemanden hart bedrängen — press somebody hard
4) (nahe) close (an + Dat. to)hart am Wind segeln — (Seemannsspr.) sail near or close to the wind
* * *hart; härter, am härtestenA. adj1. allg, auch Bleistift, Wasser: hard; Brot: auch stale; Ei: hard-boiled; (fest) firm, solid; (steif) rigid;hart wie Stahl/Stein hard as steel/a rock,hart und geschwollen hard and swollen;hart werden harden; Zement etc: auch set;der Reis ist noch ganz hart the rice is still quite hardharter Bursche hard man;hart im Nehmen sein be able to take it, be tough;gelobt sei, was hart macht etwa when the going gets tough, the tough get going; treat them rough, make them tough4. fig seelisch: hard; (gefühllos) auch hard-hearted, unfeeling; (streng) severe, tough umg; (unerbittlich) relentless; Stimme, Strafe etc: severe, harsh; Worte: harsh;zu jemandem hart sein be hard on sb;er blieb hart he was adamant, he wouldn’t relent;harte Auseinandersetzung violent argument;ein hartes Spiel SPORT a tough game;die Enttäuschungen hatten ihn hart gemacht he was a man hardened by disappointments5. fig (schwer) hard, tough umg; Winter: auch severe;harte Arbeit hard work;hartes Los hard lot;harter Schlag/Verlust heavy blow/loss;harte Zeiten hard times;das war ein harter Kampf it was a hard fight;auf eine harte Probe stellen put severely to the test;einen harten Stand haben have a hard time (of it);6. fig Drogen, Konsonant, Strahlen, Tatsachen, Währung: hard; Licht, Ton, Aussprache, Gegensätze etc: harsh; Kontrast, Konturen, Negativ etc: sharp; Krimi, Western etc: hard-bitten; Porno: hard(-core);B. adv1.hart gekocht hard-boiled;ich schlafe gerne hart I like sleeping on a hard mattress2.hart aneinandergeraten come to blows, go at each other hammer and tongs umg;jemanden hart anfassen be firm (umg tough) with sb;es kommt ihn hart an it’s hard on him, he’s finding it hard;hart arbeiten work hard;jemandem hart zusetzen put sb under a lot of pressure;hart durchgreifen take stern ( oder tough) measures;es ging hart auf hart it was a pitched battle; bei Verhandlungen: auch both sides were driving a hard bargain;wenn es hart auf hart kommt when it comes to the crunch;jemanden hart treffen hit sb hard;hart umkämpft hotly contested3.hart an der Grenze des Erlaubten/Machbaren etc very close to the limit of what is permissible/feasible;hart an der Grenze zur Beleidigung etc very close to being an insult;hart vorbeistreifen an (+dat) graze;hart am Wind segeln sail close to the wind;* * *1.; härter, härtest... Adjektiv1) hardharte/hart gekochte Eier — hard-boiled eggs
hart gefroren — frozen solid; s. auch Nuss 1)
2) (abgehärtet) toughhart im Nehmen sein — (Schläge ertragen können) be able to take a punch; (Enttäuschungen ertragen können) be able to take the rough with the smooth
3) (schwer erträglich) hard <work, life, fate, lot, times>; tough <childhood, situation, job>; harsh <reality, truth>ein harter Schlag für jemanden sein — be a heavy or severe blow for somebody
4) (streng) severe, harsh <penalty, punishment, judgement>; tough <measure, law, course>; harsh < treatment>; severe, hard < features>6) (rau, scharf) rough <game, opponent>; hard, severe <winter, frost>; harsh <accent, contrast>2.1) (mühevoll) < work> hard2) (streng) severely; harshly3) (heftig)jemandem hart zusetzen, jemanden hart bedrängen — press somebody hard
4) (nahe) close (an + Dat. to)hart am Wind segeln — (Seemannsspr.) sail near or close to the wind
* * *(Wasser) adj.hard adj. adj.callous adj.firm adj.hard adj.rigorous adj.severe adj. adv.callously adv.hardly adv.rigorously adv.toughly adv.
См. также в других словарях:
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