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  • 41 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    ► a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

  • 42 adsuesco

    as-sŭesco ( ads-, B. and K., Rib., Halm, Weissenb.; ads- and ass-, Merk.), ēvi, ētum, 3 (adsuëtus, four syll., Phaedr. 3, prol. 14), v. a., to use or accustom one to something, to habituate; or, more freq., v. n., to accustom one's self to, to be wont, to be accustomed to.
    I.
    In gen.; constr. usu. with abl. or inf.; after the Aug. per. also with ad, in with acc., or dat.
    (α).
    With abl. (a constr. unjustly censured by Wunder, Rhein. Mus. 1829, II. p. 288 sq. The idea of the ad, which would require the acc. or dat. case, is not, as at a later period, prominent in the word, but that of suesco; accordingly, pr., to adopt some custom, to addict or apply one's self to a custom or habit, to become accustomed to something; so that the abl. of specification, as in amore affici, pedibus laborare, etc., only designates more specifically the object which is the subject of that custom; cf. Gron. and Drak. ad Liv. 31, 35, 3; Kritz. ad Sall. C. 2, 9; Rudd. II. p. 137 sq.; Ramsh. p. 427;

    v. also assuefacio): homines labore adsiduo et cotidiano adsueti,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 58; so,

    vicinitas non infuscata malevolentiā, non adsueta mendaciis,

    id. Planc. 9, 22:

    gens adsueta multo Venatu nemorum,

    Verg. A. 7, 746:

    Odrysius praedae assuetus amore,

    Ov. M. 13, 554:

    genus pugnae, quo adsuērant,

    Liv. 31, 35 Gron.:

    adsuetae sanguine et praedā aves,

    Flor. 1, 1, 7; 4, 12, 17:

    adsuetus imperio et inmoderatā licentiā militari,

    Just. 31, 1, 8:

    gentes alterius imperio ac nomine adsuetas,

    Curt. 6, 3, 8; Front. Princ. Hist. Fragm. 2, p. 341.—
    (β).
    With inf.:

    fremitum voce vincere,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5:

    votis jam nunc adsuesce vocari,

    Verg. G. 1, 42:

    adsueti muros defendere,

    id. A. 9, 511:

    Candida de nigris et de candentibus atra Qui facere adsuērat,

    Ov. M. 11, 315; 10, 533; id. Tr. 2, 504; id. M. 8, 335:

    adsuetus graecari,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 11:

    auditor adsuevit jam exigere laetitiam,

    Tac. Or. 20; 34; id. H. 4, 34; Vell. 2, 33:

    (polypus) adsuetus exire e mari in lacus,

    Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 92:

    reliquas (legiones) in hiberna dimittere assuerat,

    Suet. Aug. 49.—
    (γ).
    With ad or in with acc.:

    uri adsuescere ad homines ne parvuli quidem possunt,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 28; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 707 P.:

    manus adsuetae ad sceptra,

    Sen. Troad. 152:

    jam inde a puero in omnia familiaria jura adsuetus,

    Liv. 24, 5; Flor. 4, 12, 43.—
    (δ).
    With dat.:

    mensae adsuetus erili,

    Verg. A. 7, 490:

    Adsuescent Latio Partha tropaea Jovi,

    Prop. 4, 3, 6:

    caritas ipsius soli, cui longo tempore adsuescitur,

    to which one is accustomed, Liv. 2, 1:

    ex more, cui adsuerunt,

    Quint. 4, 2, 29:

    ut quieti et otio per voluptates adsuescerent,

    Tac. Agr. 21:

    adsuetus expeditionibus miles,

    id. ib. 16:

    adsueti juventae Neronis,

    id. H. 1, 7:

    quo celerius (libri senatorum) rei publicae assuescerent,

    Suet. Aug. 38:

    Jurationi non adsuescat os tuum,

    Vulg. Eccli. 23, 9.—Acc. to a rare constr.,
    (ε).
    With acc. rei in the Gr. manner, eithismai ti:

    ne pueri, ne tanta animis adsuescite bella (for bellis),

    accustom not your minds to such great wars, Verg. A. 6, 833:

    Galli juxta invia ac devia adsueti,

    Liv. 21, 33:

    frigora atque inediam caelo solove adsuerunt,

    Tac. G. 4 Baumst.—
    (ζ).
    With gen.:

    Romanis Gallici tumultūs adsuetis,

    Liv. 38, 17.—
    II.
    Esp.:

    alicui, in mal. part.,

    Curt. 6, 5.— Hence, assŭētus ( ads-), a, um, P. a., accustomed, customary, usual:

    Tempus et adsuetā ponere in arte juvat,

    Ov. P. 1, 5, 36:

    otium des corpori, adsueta vicis,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 14:

    adsuetos potare fontes,

    Plin. 8, 43, 68, § 169:

    adsuetam sibi causam suscipit,

    Vell. 2, 120.—Hence with a comp. and abl.:

    longius adsueto lumina nostra vident,

    Ov. H. 6, 72:

    adsueto propior,

    Stat. Th. 12, 306.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adsuesco

  • 43 adsuetus

    as-sŭesco ( ads-, B. and K., Rib., Halm, Weissenb.; ads- and ass-, Merk.), ēvi, ētum, 3 (adsuëtus, four syll., Phaedr. 3, prol. 14), v. a., to use or accustom one to something, to habituate; or, more freq., v. n., to accustom one's self to, to be wont, to be accustomed to.
    I.
    In gen.; constr. usu. with abl. or inf.; after the Aug. per. also with ad, in with acc., or dat.
    (α).
    With abl. (a constr. unjustly censured by Wunder, Rhein. Mus. 1829, II. p. 288 sq. The idea of the ad, which would require the acc. or dat. case, is not, as at a later period, prominent in the word, but that of suesco; accordingly, pr., to adopt some custom, to addict or apply one's self to a custom or habit, to become accustomed to something; so that the abl. of specification, as in amore affici, pedibus laborare, etc., only designates more specifically the object which is the subject of that custom; cf. Gron. and Drak. ad Liv. 31, 35, 3; Kritz. ad Sall. C. 2, 9; Rudd. II. p. 137 sq.; Ramsh. p. 427;

    v. also assuefacio): homines labore adsiduo et cotidiano adsueti,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 58; so,

    vicinitas non infuscata malevolentiā, non adsueta mendaciis,

    id. Planc. 9, 22:

    gens adsueta multo Venatu nemorum,

    Verg. A. 7, 746:

    Odrysius praedae assuetus amore,

    Ov. M. 13, 554:

    genus pugnae, quo adsuērant,

    Liv. 31, 35 Gron.:

    adsuetae sanguine et praedā aves,

    Flor. 1, 1, 7; 4, 12, 17:

    adsuetus imperio et inmoderatā licentiā militari,

    Just. 31, 1, 8:

    gentes alterius imperio ac nomine adsuetas,

    Curt. 6, 3, 8; Front. Princ. Hist. Fragm. 2, p. 341.—
    (β).
    With inf.:

    fremitum voce vincere,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5:

    votis jam nunc adsuesce vocari,

    Verg. G. 1, 42:

    adsueti muros defendere,

    id. A. 9, 511:

    Candida de nigris et de candentibus atra Qui facere adsuērat,

    Ov. M. 11, 315; 10, 533; id. Tr. 2, 504; id. M. 8, 335:

    adsuetus graecari,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 11:

    auditor adsuevit jam exigere laetitiam,

    Tac. Or. 20; 34; id. H. 4, 34; Vell. 2, 33:

    (polypus) adsuetus exire e mari in lacus,

    Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 92:

    reliquas (legiones) in hiberna dimittere assuerat,

    Suet. Aug. 49.—
    (γ).
    With ad or in with acc.:

    uri adsuescere ad homines ne parvuli quidem possunt,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 28; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 707 P.:

    manus adsuetae ad sceptra,

    Sen. Troad. 152:

    jam inde a puero in omnia familiaria jura adsuetus,

    Liv. 24, 5; Flor. 4, 12, 43.—
    (δ).
    With dat.:

    mensae adsuetus erili,

    Verg. A. 7, 490:

    Adsuescent Latio Partha tropaea Jovi,

    Prop. 4, 3, 6:

    caritas ipsius soli, cui longo tempore adsuescitur,

    to which one is accustomed, Liv. 2, 1:

    ex more, cui adsuerunt,

    Quint. 4, 2, 29:

    ut quieti et otio per voluptates adsuescerent,

    Tac. Agr. 21:

    adsuetus expeditionibus miles,

    id. ib. 16:

    adsueti juventae Neronis,

    id. H. 1, 7:

    quo celerius (libri senatorum) rei publicae assuescerent,

    Suet. Aug. 38:

    Jurationi non adsuescat os tuum,

    Vulg. Eccli. 23, 9.—Acc. to a rare constr.,
    (ε).
    With acc. rei in the Gr. manner, eithismai ti:

    ne pueri, ne tanta animis adsuescite bella (for bellis),

    accustom not your minds to such great wars, Verg. A. 6, 833:

    Galli juxta invia ac devia adsueti,

    Liv. 21, 33:

    frigora atque inediam caelo solove adsuerunt,

    Tac. G. 4 Baumst.—
    (ζ).
    With gen.:

    Romanis Gallici tumultūs adsuetis,

    Liv. 38, 17.—
    II.
    Esp.:

    alicui, in mal. part.,

    Curt. 6, 5.— Hence, assŭētus ( ads-), a, um, P. a., accustomed, customary, usual:

    Tempus et adsuetā ponere in arte juvat,

    Ov. P. 1, 5, 36:

    otium des corpori, adsueta vicis,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 14:

    adsuetos potare fontes,

    Plin. 8, 43, 68, § 169:

    adsuetam sibi causam suscipit,

    Vell. 2, 120.—Hence with a comp. and abl.:

    longius adsueto lumina nostra vident,

    Ov. H. 6, 72:

    adsueto propior,

    Stat. Th. 12, 306.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adsuetus

  • 44 assuesco

    as-sŭesco ( ads-, B. and K., Rib., Halm, Weissenb.; ads- and ass-, Merk.), ēvi, ētum, 3 (adsuëtus, four syll., Phaedr. 3, prol. 14), v. a., to use or accustom one to something, to habituate; or, more freq., v. n., to accustom one's self to, to be wont, to be accustomed to.
    I.
    In gen.; constr. usu. with abl. or inf.; after the Aug. per. also with ad, in with acc., or dat.
    (α).
    With abl. (a constr. unjustly censured by Wunder, Rhein. Mus. 1829, II. p. 288 sq. The idea of the ad, which would require the acc. or dat. case, is not, as at a later period, prominent in the word, but that of suesco; accordingly, pr., to adopt some custom, to addict or apply one's self to a custom or habit, to become accustomed to something; so that the abl. of specification, as in amore affici, pedibus laborare, etc., only designates more specifically the object which is the subject of that custom; cf. Gron. and Drak. ad Liv. 31, 35, 3; Kritz. ad Sall. C. 2, 9; Rudd. II. p. 137 sq.; Ramsh. p. 427;

    v. also assuefacio): homines labore adsiduo et cotidiano adsueti,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 58; so,

    vicinitas non infuscata malevolentiā, non adsueta mendaciis,

    id. Planc. 9, 22:

    gens adsueta multo Venatu nemorum,

    Verg. A. 7, 746:

    Odrysius praedae assuetus amore,

    Ov. M. 13, 554:

    genus pugnae, quo adsuērant,

    Liv. 31, 35 Gron.:

    adsuetae sanguine et praedā aves,

    Flor. 1, 1, 7; 4, 12, 17:

    adsuetus imperio et inmoderatā licentiā militari,

    Just. 31, 1, 8:

    gentes alterius imperio ac nomine adsuetas,

    Curt. 6, 3, 8; Front. Princ. Hist. Fragm. 2, p. 341.—
    (β).
    With inf.:

    fremitum voce vincere,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5:

    votis jam nunc adsuesce vocari,

    Verg. G. 1, 42:

    adsueti muros defendere,

    id. A. 9, 511:

    Candida de nigris et de candentibus atra Qui facere adsuērat,

    Ov. M. 11, 315; 10, 533; id. Tr. 2, 504; id. M. 8, 335:

    adsuetus graecari,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 11:

    auditor adsuevit jam exigere laetitiam,

    Tac. Or. 20; 34; id. H. 4, 34; Vell. 2, 33:

    (polypus) adsuetus exire e mari in lacus,

    Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 92:

    reliquas (legiones) in hiberna dimittere assuerat,

    Suet. Aug. 49.—
    (γ).
    With ad or in with acc.:

    uri adsuescere ad homines ne parvuli quidem possunt,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 28; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 707 P.:

    manus adsuetae ad sceptra,

    Sen. Troad. 152:

    jam inde a puero in omnia familiaria jura adsuetus,

    Liv. 24, 5; Flor. 4, 12, 43.—
    (δ).
    With dat.:

    mensae adsuetus erili,

    Verg. A. 7, 490:

    Adsuescent Latio Partha tropaea Jovi,

    Prop. 4, 3, 6:

    caritas ipsius soli, cui longo tempore adsuescitur,

    to which one is accustomed, Liv. 2, 1:

    ex more, cui adsuerunt,

    Quint. 4, 2, 29:

    ut quieti et otio per voluptates adsuescerent,

    Tac. Agr. 21:

    adsuetus expeditionibus miles,

    id. ib. 16:

    adsueti juventae Neronis,

    id. H. 1, 7:

    quo celerius (libri senatorum) rei publicae assuescerent,

    Suet. Aug. 38:

    Jurationi non adsuescat os tuum,

    Vulg. Eccli. 23, 9.—Acc. to a rare constr.,
    (ε).
    With acc. rei in the Gr. manner, eithismai ti:

    ne pueri, ne tanta animis adsuescite bella (for bellis),

    accustom not your minds to such great wars, Verg. A. 6, 833:

    Galli juxta invia ac devia adsueti,

    Liv. 21, 33:

    frigora atque inediam caelo solove adsuerunt,

    Tac. G. 4 Baumst.—
    (ζ).
    With gen.:

    Romanis Gallici tumultūs adsuetis,

    Liv. 38, 17.—
    II.
    Esp.:

    alicui, in mal. part.,

    Curt. 6, 5.— Hence, assŭētus ( ads-), a, um, P. a., accustomed, customary, usual:

    Tempus et adsuetā ponere in arte juvat,

    Ov. P. 1, 5, 36:

    otium des corpori, adsueta vicis,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 14:

    adsuetos potare fontes,

    Plin. 8, 43, 68, § 169:

    adsuetam sibi causam suscipit,

    Vell. 2, 120.—Hence with a comp. and abl.:

    longius adsueto lumina nostra vident,

    Ov. H. 6, 72:

    adsueto propior,

    Stat. Th. 12, 306.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > assuesco

  • 45 atramentum

    ātrāmentum, i, n. [ater], any black liquid:

    sepiae,

    Cic. N D. 2, 50, 127.
    I.
    Writing-ink, ink; in Vitr. 7, 10, and Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 52, called atramentum librarium:

    calamo et atramento temperato,

    Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 15, 6:

    per atramentum et calamum scribere,

    Vulg. 3 Joan. 13; Petr. 102, 13; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 236; Vulg. Jer. 36, 18; ib. 2 Joan. 12.—
    II.
    A black pigment or color, Vitr. 7, 10; 7, 4; Plin. 35, 6, 25, § 41; also a fine, dark varnish, lacquer, id. 35, 10, 36, § 97: Indicum, India or China ink, id. 35, 6, 25, § 43.—
    III.
    A blacking for coloring leather:

    atramentum sutorium,

    Plin. 34, 12, 32, § 123; Cic. Fam. 9, 21 fin. —
    IV.
    In comic language: Sc. Unā operā ebur atramento candefacere postulas. Phil. Lepide dictum de atramento atque ebore, i. e. you require something impossible, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 102.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > atramentum

  • 46 damnum

    damnum (late Lat. sometimes dampnum), i, n. [for daminum, neut. of old Part. of dare, = to didomenon, v. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 709 sq. Less correctly regarded as akin to dapanê. Cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 176 Müll.; Dig. 39, 2, 3], hurt, harm, damage, injury, loss; opp. to lucrum (syn. jactura, detrimentum, incommodum, dispendium. Freq. and class.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    hauscit, hoc paullum lucri quantum ei damni adportet,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 25; cf.:

    si in maximis lucris paullum aliquid damni contraxerit,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 91; id. Verr. 2, 1, 12 (with dedecus, as in Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 37; Sall. J. 31, 19; Hor. S. 1, 2, 52; 2, 2, 96 et saep.); Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13; id. Phil. 2, 27, 67; Hor. S. 2, 3, 300; id. Ep. 1, 7, 88 et saep.:

    propter damna aut detrimenta aliquos miseros esse,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 51;

    so with detrimenta,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 98;

    with jactura,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21: duarum cohortium damno exercitum reducere, * Caes. B. G. 6, 44; cf. Tac. A. 1, 71; id. H. 2, 66; Curt. 8, 4; Frontin. Strat. 2, 5, 31 fin.: damnum dare alicui, to inflict upon one (ante-classical), Cato R. R. 149 (twice); Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 108; id. Truc. 2, 1, 17; Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 116:

    facere,

    to suffer, sustain, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 77 (opp. lucrum); Cic. Brut. 33; id. Fam. 7, 33; 10, 28, 3 al.;

    but also,

    to inflict a penalty, Dig. 9, 2, 30, § 3; Ov. Fast. 5, 311:

    capere,

    Dig. 9, 2, 39;

    and in the alliterative passage: in palaestram, ubi damnis desudascitur, Ubi pro disco damnum capiam,

    Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 34:

    accipere,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28; Dig. 39, 2, 25:

    pati,

    to suffer harm, Sen. Ira, 1, 2; Dig. 9, 2, 29 (but damnum pati, also, to permit, put up with harm, Liv. 22, 41, 4; Luc. 8, 750):

    ferre (a favorite expression of Ovid),

    Ov. H. 15, 64; id. F. 1, 60; 2, 522; id. Tr. 3, 8, 34 al.:

    contrahere (of disease),

    id. Pont. 1, 10, 29 et saep.:

    pervenit ad miseros damno graviore colonos Pestis,

    id. M. 7, 552; cf. id. ib. 3, 213;

    8, 777: damna tamen celeres reparant caelestia lunae,

    i. e. of the waning of the moon, Hor. Od. 4, 7, 13:

    naturae damnum,

    natural defect, Liv. 7, 4 fin. —Prov.:

    damnum appellandum est cum mala fama lucrum,

    Pub. Syr. 135 (Ribb.).—
    B.
    Transf., of persons:

    hoc ad damnum (i. e. scortum) deferetur,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 24: cf. ib. 21 and 60; Ov. M. 11, 381; 12, 16; cf. id. ib. 11, 133.
    II.
    Esp. in law.
    A.
    A fine, mulct, penalty, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182; Liv. 4, 53, 7; 7, 4, 2; Gell. 20, 1, 32:

    quis umquam tanto damno senatorem coegit?

    Cic. Phil. 1, 5 fin.:

    eos (leges) morte, exsilio, vinclis, damno coercent,

    id. Off. 3, 5, 23.—
    B.
    Freq. in the terms,
    1.
    damnum injuria (datum), i. e. an injury done to another's beast or slave, for which the lex Aquilia provided compensation, (Caesulenus senex) cum ab Sabellio multam lege Aquilia damni injuria petivisset, Cic. Brut. 34, 131; id. Tull. 4, 8; 5, 11; 17, 41.—
    2.
    Damnum infectum, an injury not done but threatened, and against which the person endangered might require security, Cic. Top. 4, 22; Dig. 39, 2, 3; Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6 (cf. infectus).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > damnum

  • 47 deposco

    dē-posco, pŏposci, 3, v. a., to demand, require, request earnestly (freq. and class.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    unum ab omnibus sociis et civibus ad id bellum imperatorem deposci atque expeti,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; cf. id. 15, 44:

    id non modo non recusem, sed etiam appetam atque deposcam,

    id. Phil. 3, 13, 33;

    so opp. recusare,

    id. Fl. 38 fin.:

    sibi naves,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 56, 3:

    pugnam,

    Suet. Oth. 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 1; 2, 1, 3:

    pericula (opp. detrectare),

    Tac. Agr. 11 et saep. — Absol.:

    de proelio cogitandum, sicut semper depoposcimus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 85 fin.:

    omnibus pollicitationibus deposcunt, qui belli initium faciant,

    id. B. G. 7, 1, 5.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To demand, request for one's self the performance of any duty or business:

    sibi id muneris,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57:

    tibi partis istas,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 45:

    primas sibi partes,

    Suet. Calig. 56:

    illam sibi officiosam provinciam,

    Cic. Sull. 18 fin.; cf.:

    consulatum sibi,

    Suet. Aug. 26:

    sibi has urbanas insidias caedis atque incendiorum,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

    coloniam tutandam,

    Suet. Vit. 1.—
    B.
    To demand a person, in order to bring him to punishment:

    aliquem ad mortem,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 5; cf.:

    aliquem ad supplicium,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 38, 3:

    aliquem ad poenam,

    Suet. Tit. 6:

    aliquem morti,

    Tac. A. 1, 23:

    ad ducem ipsum in poenam foederis rupti deposcendum,

    Liv. 21, 6:

    auctorem culpae,

    id. 21, 10; cf.

    Hannibalem,

    Just. 32, 4, 8:

    ausum Talia deposcunt,

    Ov. M. 1, 200; Luc. 5, 296 et saep.: altera me deposcere putabatur, to demand my death, Cic. post red. in Sen. 13, 33.—
    C.
    ( Transf. from the gladiator's t. t.) To call out, challenge one to fight, Liv. 2, 49, 2; cf.

    hostes,

    Val. Fl. 5, 635.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > deposco

  • 48 depostulo

    dē-postŭlo, āre, v. a., to demand, require earnestly ( = the class. deposco): auxilia sibi, Auct. B. Hisp. 1 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > depostulo

  • 49 exspecto

    ex-specto ( expect-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to look out for a thing (syn.: prospecto, opperior, maneo, moror, praestolor).
    1.
    Objectively, to await, expect something that is to come or to take place, to be waiting for, etc. (very freq. and class.). —Constr. with the acc., with rel.-clauses, with dum, si, ut, quin, or absol.; very rarely with object-clause.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    With acc.:

    caritatem,

    Cato, R. R. 3, 2:

    alicujus mortem,

    Plaut. As. 3, 1, 28:

    cum ea Scipio dixisset silentioque omnium reliqua ejus exspectaretur oratio,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 38:

    injurias,

    id. ib. 1, 5:

    transitum tempestatis,

    id. Att. 2, 21, 2:

    adventum alicujus,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 27, 2; 2, 16, 2:

    eventum pugnae,

    id. ib. 7, 49 fin.:

    scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est,

    Ov. M. 3, 136:

    cenantes haud animo aequo Exspectans comites,

    i. e. waiting till they have done eating, Hor. S. 1, 5, 9 et saep.; cf.:

    exspectandus erit annus,

    I must wait a year, Juv. 16, 42. —
    2.
    With relative and esp. interrogative clauses: exspectabat populus atque ora tenebat rebus, utri magni victoria sit data regni, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. s. 90, ed. Vahl.):

    exspecto, quo pacto, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 1:

    exspecto, quid ad ista,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 46; id. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 92:

    quid hostes consilii caperent, exspectabat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24, 1:

    exspectante Antonio, quidnam esset actura,

    Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 121:

    ne utile quidem, quam mox judicium fiat, exspectare,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 85; so,

    quid exspectas quam mox ego dicam, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

    et, quam mox signis collatis dimicandum sit, in dies exspectet,

    id. 34, 11, 4; 3, 37, 5:

    exspectans, quando, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 3, 159.—
    3.
    With dum, si, ut, etc.:

    ne exspectetis meas pugnas dum praedicem,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 1:

    ne exspectemus quidem, dum rogemur,

    Cic. Lael. 13, 44:

    exspectas fortasse, dum dicat, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 2, 7, 17:

    exspectare, dum hostium copiae augerentur,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 2:

    nec dum repetatur, exspectat,

    Quint. 4, 2, 45:

    Caesar non exspectandum sibi statuit, dum, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.; cf.:

    nec vero hoc loco exspectandum est, dum, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

    rusticus exspectat, dum defluat amnis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 42:

    jam dudum exspecto, si tuum officium scias,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:

    exspecto si quid dicas,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 61:

    hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 9, 1; id. B. C. 2, 34, 1:

    nisi exspectare vis ut eam sine dote frater conlocet,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 7:

    mea lenitas hoc exspectavit, ut id quod latebat, erumperet,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    nisi forte exspectatis ut illa diluam, quae, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 82:

    neque exspectant, ut de eorum imperio ad populum feratur,

    Caes. ib. 1, 6, 6:

    quare nemo exspectet, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 10, 14; Liv. 23, 31, 7; 26, 18, 5; 35, 8, 5 al.— Pass. impers.:

    nec ultra exspectato, quam dum Claudius Ostiam proficisceretur,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    cum omnium voces audirentur, exspectari diutius non oportere, quin ad castra iretur,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24 fin. —
    4.
    Absol.:

    comites ad portam exspectare dicunt,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 17, 1:

    diem ex die exspectabam, ut statuerem, quid esset faciendum,

    id. Att. 7, 26, 3:

    exspectent paullum et agi ordine sinant,

    Quint. 4, 5, 19.—
    5.
    With object-clause:

    cum expectaret effusos omnibus portis Aetolos in fidem suam venturos,

    Liv. 43, 22, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    venturum istum,

    Aug. Conf. 5, 6.—
    * B.
    Transf., of an abstract subject, like maneo, to await:

    seu me tranquilla senectus Exspectat seu, etc.,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 58.
    II.
    To look for with hope, fear, desire, expectation, to hope for, long for, expect, desire; to fear, dread, anticipate, apprehend.
    1.
    With acc.:

    reliquum est, ut tuam profectionem amore prosequar, reditum spe exspectem,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 21 fin.; cf.:

    quod magna cum spe exspectamus,

    id. Att. 16, 16 E. fin.:

    ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto,

    id. ib. 3, 22 fin.: magnum inceptas, si id exspectas, quod nusquam'st, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 56:

    quam (rem) avidissime civitas exspectat,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 1:

    longiores (epistolas) exspectabo vel potius exigam,

    id. Fam. 15, 16, 1:

    finem laborum omnium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 4:

    illum ut vivat, optant, meam autem mortem exspectant scilicet,

    to wish, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 20:

    fama mortis meae non accepta solum sed etiam exspectata est,

    Liv. 28, 27, 9; cf.

    in the pun with I.: cum Proculeius quereretur de filio, quod is mortem suam exspectaret, et ille dixisset, se vero non exspectare: Immo, inquit, rogo exspectes,

    Quint. 9, 3, 68 Spald.:

    nescio quod magnum hoc nuntio exspecto malum,

    dread, Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 16:

    mortem,

    id. Hec. 3, 4, 8:

    multis de causis Caesar majorem Galliae motum exspectans,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 1, 1: 7, 43 fin. —With a personal object:

    pater exspectat aut me aut aliquem nuntium,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 22:

    ite intro, filii vos exspectant intus,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 86:

    hic ego mendacem usque puellam Ad mediam noctem exspecto,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 83; cf. Ov. M. 14, 418:

    video jam, illum, quem exspectabam, virum, cui praeficias officio et muneri,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 42.—
    2.
    Aliquid ab (rarely ex) aliquo (a favorite expression of Cicero):

    a te hoc civitas vel omnes potius gentes non exspectant solum, sed etiam postulant,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 5, 3; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 1:

    dixi Servilio, ut omnia a me majora exspectaret,

    id. ib. 3, 12, 4:

    alimenta a nobis,

    id. Rep. 1, 4:

    ab aliquo gloriam,

    id. ib. 6, 19 fin.:

    tristem censuram ab laeso,

    Liv. 39, 41, 2:

    ut ex iis (proletariis) quasi proles civitatis exspectari videretur,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40.—
    3.
    Aliquid ab or ex aliqua re (rare):

    aliquid ab liberalitate alicujus,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 28, 3:

    dedecus a philosopho,

    id. Tusc. 2, 12, 28:

    omnia ex sua amicitia,

    id. ib. 3, 60, 1.—
    4.
    Aliquid aliquem (very rare): ne quid exspectes amicos, quod tute agere possies, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29; Sat. v. 38 Vahl.—
    5.
    With object-clause:

    quid mihi hic adfers, quam ob rem exspectem aut sperem porro non fore?

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 36:

    exspecto cupioque te ita illud defendere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 151.—With inf. alone (cf. cupio), Front. ad Ver. Imp. p. 137, ed. Rom.—
    6.
    Absol. (very rare):

    cum mihi nihil improviso, nec gravius quam exspectavissem pro tantis meis factis evenisset,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

    aliquando ad verum, ubi minime exspectavimus, pervenimus,

    Quint. 12, 8, 11.—
    B.
    Poet. transf., of an abstr. subject, to have need of, require:

    silvarumque aliae pressos propaginis arcus Exspectant,

    Verg. G. 2, 27:

    neque illae (oleae) procurvam exspectant falcem rastrosque tenaces,

    id. ib. 2, 421; cf.:

    lenta remedia et segnes medicos non exspectant tempora mea,

    Curt. 3, 5, 13.—Hence, exspectātus ( expect-), a, um, P. a. (acc. to II.), anxiously expected, longed for, desired, welcome (class.):

    carus omnibus exspectatusque venies,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 7; cf.:

    venies exspectatus omnibus,

    id. ib. 4, 10, 1; Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 11:

    quibus Hector ab oris exspectate venis?

    Verg. A. 2, 282:

    sensi ego in exspectatis ad amplissimam dignitatem fratribus tuis,

    who were expected to arrive at the highest dignities of the state, Cic. de Sen. 19, 68:

    ubi te exspectatum ejecisset foras,

    i. e. whose death is waited, longed for, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 29 Ruhnk.— Comp.:

    nimis ille potuit exspectatior venire,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 12.— Sup.:

    adventus suavissimus exspectatissimusque,

    Cic. Att. 4, 4 a:

    litterae,

    id. Fam. 10, 5, 1:

    triumphus,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 51 fin. —
    b.
    In the neutr. absol.:

    quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque exspectatis aut speret aut timeat?

    Vell. 2, 75, 2:

    hosti Ante exspectatum positis stat in agmine castris,

    before it was expected, Verg. G. 3, 348; so,

    ante exspectatum,

    Ov. M. 4, 790; 8, 5; Sen. Ep. 114:

    ille ad patrem patriae exspectato revolavit maturius,

    than was expected, Vell. 2, 123, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exspecto

  • 50 indigeo

    indĭgĕo, ŭi, ēre, v. n. [indu-egeo], to need, want, to stand in need or want of any thing (class.).
    I.
    Lit., with abl.:

    bona existimatione,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

    pecunia,

    Nep. Ages. 7:

    medicina,

    id. Att. 21:

    iis rebus, quae ad oppugnationem castrorum sunt usui,

    Caes. B. C. 4, 35:

    cibo,

    Suet. Galb. 7:

    constantia inter dubia,

    Tac. H. 3, 73:

    pecunia,

    Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 9.—
    II.
    In gen.
    A. (α).
    With gen. (class.):

    ingenii et virtutis,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 2:

    indigeo tui consilii,

    id. Att. 12, 35, 2:

    alterius,

    id. Lael. 14, 51.—
    (β).
    With abl., Cic. Fam. 12, 11, 2; Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1; Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 3, 2.— Pass.:

    cum praesidio earum (avium) indigetur,

    Plin. 10, 27, 39, § 75:

    fruges indigebant tecto,

    Col. 12 praef. §

    3: pax et quies bonis artibus indigent,

    Tac. H. 4, 1; 4, 51; Suet. Aug. 29. —
    (γ).
    With acc. (ante-class.):

    nihil,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.—
    (δ).
    With inf.:

    hoc plane indigeo discere,

    Gell. 4, 1, 6.—
    B.
    To long for, desire; with gen. (class.):

    non auri, non argenti, non ceterarum rerum indigere,

    Cic. Sull. 8, 25.—Hence, indĭgens, entis, P. a., in want of, needing any thing
    (α).
    With gen.:

    quid enim? Africanus indigens mei? minime hercle: at ne ego quidem illius,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 30:

    alienarum opum,

    Nep. Reg. 3: praesidii, Auct. B. Hisp. 17.—
    (β).
    With abl. (post-Aug.):

    cotes oleo indigentes,

    Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164:

    disceptatio multā curā indigens,

    Gell. 14, 2, 13.—
    B.
    Subst.: indĭgens, ntis, comm., a needy or indigent person:

    indigentibus benigne facere,

    Cic. Off. 2, 15, 52; id. Fin. 2, 35, 118.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > indigeo

  • 51 jusjurandum

    jus-jūrandum, jurisjurandi (often separately jurisque jurandi, Cic. Cael. 22, 54; id. Off. 3, 29, 104;

    in an inverted order: qui jurando jure malo quaerunt rem,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 63), n. [2. jus-juro], an oath (class.; cf.

    sacramentum): jusjurandum pollicitus est dare mihi, neque se hasce aedes vendidisse, etc.,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 36:

    est enim jusjurandum affirmatio religiosa,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    socius vestrae religionis jurisque jurandi,

    id. Cael. 54:

    jurare,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 7:

    idem jusjurandum adigit Afranium,

    made him take the same oath, Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

    accipere,

    to take an oath, be sworn, id. ib. 3, 28:

    deferre alicui,

    to tender to one, Quint. 5, 6, 4:

    offerre,

    id. 5, 6, 1:

    recipere,

    id. ib.:

    exigere ab aliquo,

    to demand, require, id. ib.:

    jurejurando stare,

    to keep one's oath, id. 5, 6, 4:

    conservare,

    Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100: violare, to break or violate, id. ib. 29: remittere, to dispense with, i. e. to accept the word or promise instead of the oath, Dig. 12, 2, 6 al.:

    neglegere,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 46:

    jurejurando civitatem obstringere,

    to bind by an oath, Caes. B. G. 1, 31; 1, 76, 3; 2, 18, 5:

    jurejurando teneri,

    to be bound by an oath, Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100:

    jurejurando aliquid decidere,

    Dig. 42, 1, 56:

    fraudem jure tueri jurando,

    Juv. 13, 201 sq. — Plur.: jura, Paul. ex Fest. 132, 29.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > jusjurandum

  • 52 nam

    nam, conj. [ acc. sing. fem. of pronom. stem na-; cf.: egô-nê, tu-nê; Lat. ne, nae; masc. num; cf.: tum, tam; quom, quam].
    I.
    To introduce a confirmation or explanation, for (always in prose beginning the sentence; cf.: enim, etenim, and v. infra C.).
    A.
    Introducing an explanation or fuller statement of something already said.
    1.
    In gen.:

    is pagus appellabatur Tigurinus. Nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12, 4:

    quibus rebus auditis... suas quoque copias in tres partes distribuerunt. Nam praesidio e regione castrorum relicto... reliquas copias, etc.,

    id. ib. 7, 61, 5: neque solum colent inter se ac diligent, sed etiam verebuntur. Nam maximum ornamentum amicitiae tollit, qui ex eā tollit verecundiam, Cic. [p. 1185] Lael. 22, 82; id. Part. Or. 11, 38; id. Or. 43, 147; cf.:

    pandite atque aperite propere januam hanc Orci, opsecro. Nam equidem haut aliter esse duco,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2. —
    2.
    Esp.
    (α).
    To introduce an explanatory parenthetical clause:

    omni ratione colenda justitia est, tum ipsa per sese (nam aliter justitia non esset), tum, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42:

    et in insulā quae est in Fibreno —nam hoc, opinor, illi alteri flumini nomen est—sermoni reliquo demus operam sedentes,

    id. Leg. 2, 1, 1:

    tamen is ad id locorum talis vir (nam postea ambitione praeceps datus est), consulatum adpetere non audebat,

    Sall. J. 63, 6; Sen. Ep. 40, 9.—
    (β).
    To resume the course of thought after a parenthetical interruption:

    hic vero simul... atque me mare transisse cognovit (audi, audi, atque attende...), nam simul ac me Dyrrachium attigisse audivit, etc.,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 98:

    duplex inde Hannibali gaudium fuit (neque enim quidquam eorum, quae apud hostes agerentur, eum fallebat): nam et liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo capturum, et sollertiae Fabii dimidium virium decessisse,

    Liv. 22, 28, 1.—
    (γ).
    To introduce an example, or several examples, illustrating a general statement, for example, for instance:

    sed vivo Catone minores natu multi uno tempore oratores floruerunt. Nam et A. Albinus... et litteratus et disertus fuit. Nam Q. Metellus... in primis est habitus eloquens,

    Cic. Brut. 21, 81:

    quin etiam easdem causas ut quisque egerit utile erit scire. Nam de domo Ciceronis dixit Calidius, et pro Milone orationem Brutus exercitationis gratiā scripsit,

    Quint. 10, 1, 23; 8, 6, 38; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 23.—
    B.
    Introducing a ground or reason for a fact, command, or principle.
    1.
    In gen.:

    quamobrem, Quirites, celebratote illos dies cum conjugibus ac liberis vestris: nam multi saepe honores dīs immortalibus justi habiti sunt, sed profecto justiores numquam,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 23: vires vitaque corpus meum nunc deserit omne: nam me visus homo pulcher, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40:

    qui... dilectum habere noluerit. Nam sociorum auxilia aut ita imbecilla sunt, ut non multum nos juvare possint, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 11.—
    2.
    Esp., introducing the speaker's reason for a particular form of statement, etc.:

    Phoenices alias urbes in orā maritumā condidere... nam de Carthagine silere melius puto quam parum dicere,

    Sall. J. 19, 1; cf.

    Mercuri (nam te docilis magistro Movit Amphion lapides canendo), etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 1;

    so in a question: una domus erat, idem victus isque communis... nam quid ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi semper aliquid, etc.,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 104:

    nam quid ego de cotidiano sermone querimoniāque populi Romani loquar?

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 129.—
    3.
    Loosely, introducing the speaker's reason for saying what precedes: nam ego ad Menaechmum nunc eo ( I have said this), for, etc., Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20; id. Trin. 1, 1, 3 Brix ad loc.—So esp. after a general remark, introducing its illustration in the case in hand, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 58 Spengel ad loc.; id. Most. 5, 1, 3; id. Mil. 2, 1, 17.—
    4.
    In a still looser connection, introducing a particular fact or argument in support of what precedes, but, now, certainly:

    L. Sisennae omnis facultas ex historiā ipsius perspici potest, quae cum facile vincat superiores, tum indicat quantum absit a summo... Nam Q. Hortensii admodum adulescentis ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,

    Cic. Brut. 64, 228; 43, 161; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68:

    at prooemium aliquando et narrationem dicit malus homo et argumenta sic, ut nihil sit in his requirendum. Nam et latro pugnabit acriter, virtus tamen erit fortitudo,

    Quint. 2, 20, 10.—
    5.
    Ellipt., in reply to a question or remark, where the answer is implied, and nam introduces the reason for it; for assuredly, certainly:

    nos hunc Heracliensem, multis civitatibus expetitum... de nostrā civitate eiciemus? Nam si quis minorem gloriae fructum putat ex Graecis versibus percipi quam ex Latinis, vehementer errat,

    Cic. Arch. 10, 22 sq.:

    numquid ergo hic Lysimachus, felicitate quādam dentibus leonis elapsus, ob hoc cum ipse regnaret mitior fuit? Nam Telesphorum Rhodium amicum suum... in caveā velut novum animal aliquod... pavit,

    Sen. de Ira. 3, 17, 3; cf.: de eis rebus, inquit Crassus, quibus sciam poteroque. Tum ille:

    nam quod tu non poteris aut nescies, quis nostrum tam impudens est, qui se scire aut posse postulet?

    Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 101.—So with particles of asseveration: mehercule, hercule, edepol, etc.: tamen tibi a me nulla orta est injuria. Aes. Nam hercle etiam hoc restat, i. e. not yet; for that is to come hereafter, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 36: sume, posce, prome quidvis: te facio cellarium. Er. Nam nisi hercle manticinatus probe ero, fusti pectito, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 115:

    dicunt ei fere nullam esse columnam, quae ad perpendiculum esse possit. Nam mehercule, inquit, sic agamus: columnae ad perpendiculum exigantur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51, § 133.—
    C.
    The conjunction nam sometimes follows a word of the clause ( poet. and perh. not ante-Aug.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 246):

    prohibent nam cetera Parcae Scire,

    Verg. A. 3, 379:

    solam nam perfidus ille Te colere,

    id. ib. 4, 421; 10, 585;

    1, 444: olim nam quaerere amabam,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 20; 41:

    ego nam videor mihi sanus,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 302:

    his nam plebecula plaudit,

    id. Ep. 2, 1, 186.
    II.
    In transitions.
    A.
    Introducing a new subject as of secondary importance; but now, on the other hand:

    nam quod rumores distulerunt malivoli, Multas contamināsse Graecas, dum facit Paucas Latinas: factum hic esse id non negat, Neque se pigere,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 19:

    nam quod purgas eos, quos ego mihi scripsi invidisse, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2:

    nam quod negas te dubitare quin magnā in offensā sim apud Pompeium hoc tempore, non video causam cur ita sit,

    id. ib. 9, 2, a, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 47:

    nam auguralis libros ad commune utriusque nostrum otium serva,

    id. Fam. 3, 11, 4:

    nam Vestae nomen a Graecis est, i. e. though that of Janus, before named, is Latin,

    id. N. D. 2, 27, 67; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68; Quint. 1, 11, 7; 10, 1, 9.—
    B.
    Esp., in referring to a consideration too obvious to require discussion, for obviously, for it is certain, etc.:

    postremo hoc in pectus tuum demitte, numquam populum Romanum beneficiis victum esse: nam bello quid valeat, tute scis,

    Sall. J. 102, 11; Liv. 39, 26, 3; Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 52; Tac. H. 4, 76.
    III.
    In interrogations, emphatically, expressing wonder or emotion in the questioner; cf. Gr. gar.
    A.
    With an interrogative.
    1.
    Beginning a sentence (anteclass. and poet.): perdidisti omnem operam? Ep. Nam quī perdidi? but how? but why? Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 29:

    nam quem ego adspicio?

    id. Poen. 5, 3, 3: quid ego ago? Tr. Nam quid tu, malum, me rogitas quid agas? id. Most. 2, 1, 21:

    nam quae haec anus est exanimata a fratre quae egressa'st meo?

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    nam quid ita?

    id. Eun. 5, 2, 58:

    nam quem? alium habui neminem,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 13:

    nam quam ob rem? (= quamnam),

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 2:

    nam quā me causā extrusisti ex aedibus?

    id. Aul. 1, 1, 5 et saep.:

    nam quis te, juvenum confidentissime, nostras Jussit adire domos?

    Verg. G. 4, 445 (but cf. Forbig. ad loc. and Kritz ad Sall. J. 19, 2):

    nam quae tam sera moratur Segnities?

    id. A. 2, 373:

    bellua multorum es capitum. Nam quid sequar aut quem?

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 76.—
    2.
    Joined as enclitic to an interrogative word:

    quinam homo hic ante aedīs nostras conqueritur?

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 17:

    quidnam id est?

    id. Trin. 5, 2, 45:

    quisnam igitur tuebitur P. Scipionis memoriam mortui?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 36, § 80:

    O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus?

    id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:

    sed Allobroges diu in incerto habuere quidnam consilii caperent,

    Sall. C. 41, 1.—For quianam, v. quia fin. —
    3.
    Separated from the interrogative word:

    quid tibi ex filio nam, obsecro, aegre est?

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 27:

    quis ea'st nam optuma?

    id. Aul. 2, 1, 17; 3, 2, 3:

    quid cerussa opus nam?

    id. Most. 1, 3, 101:

    quis est nam ludus in undis?

    Verg. E. 9, 39.—
    4.
    With num:

    num tibi nam, amabo, janua est mordax mea?

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 1:

    num quid nam tibi molestum est, gnate mi, si, etc.,

    id. As. 5, 1, 3; cf.:

    comicum est et Terentianum numquidnam, cum exemptis num et nam sufficere ad interrogationem potuisset quid,

    Donat. ad Ter. And. 1, 4, 8:

    num nam haec audivit,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 6:

    num quid nam de oratore ipso restat,

    Cic. Part. Or. 7, 26.—
    B.
    Without an interrogative word (very rare): scis nam tibi quae praecepi? Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 51. (For fuller details, v. Hand, Turs. 4, pp. 1-22.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nam

  • 53 optatum

    opto, āvi, ātum, 1 (optassis for optaveris, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 75), v. a. [root op, whence Gr. OPTÔ, opsomai; qs. to look out, pick out, = legere, eligere], to choose, select (anteclass. and poet.;

    syn. deligo): utrum vis, opta, dum licet,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 14; id. Aul. prol. 11:

    sapientius opta,

    Ov. M. 2, 102: non video hic, quid magnopere optem, Lucil. ap. Non. 358, 13:

    inhoneste parare divitias,

    Ter. And. 4, 5, 2:

    locum tecto,

    Verg. A. 1, 425:

    locum regno,

    id. ib. 3, 109:

    externos duces,

    id. ib. 8, 503:

    L. Furium optavit,

    Liv. 6, 25.—Hence, in relig. lang.:

    optatam hostiam, alii optimam, appellant eam, quam aedilis tribus constitutis hostiis optat, quam immolari velit,

    Fest. p. 186 Müll. —
    II.
    Transf., to wish, wish for, desire (the predominant signification of the word; cf.:

    volo, cupio, desidero, aveo): tua vita optanda est, Ter Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil nisi quod honestum sit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66:

    aliquid votis,

    Verg. A. 10, 279:

    vestitus, quem cupimus optamusque,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 2:

    fortunam,

    id. Pis. 14, 32.—With ut (class. and freq.):

    (Phaëthon) optavit, ut in currum patris tolleretur,

    Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    numquam a dis immortalibus optabo. ut, etc.,

    id. Cat. 2, 7, 15.—With subj.:

    optavi, peteres caelestia sidera tarde,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 57.—With inf.:

    hunc videre saepe optabamus diem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 29:

    cujus integrā re consilium exquirere optassem,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

    officia mandare, deponere optantibus,

    id. Pan. 87, 2:

    Darius equestri proelio decernere optabat,

    Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 12, 4:

    meliores liberos habere,

    Suet. Oth. 1 fin.; Tac. Or. 9.—With acc. and inf.:

    impleri sinus optabamus,

    Quint. 10, 7, 23:

    ex Indiā sospitem ipsum reverti,

    Curt. 10, 1, 7:

    quem te esse opto,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3: omnes mortales sese laudarier optant, Enn. ap. Aug. Trin. 13, 6 (Ann. v. 551 Vahl.). — Absol.:

    optare hoc quidem est, non docere,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf. id. Ac. 2, 38, 121; id Fat. 20, 47: optare alicui aliquid, to wish one any thing, in a good sense:

    equidem tibi bona optavi omnia,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 25:

    tibi optamus eam rem publicam, in quā, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 97, 331;

    but mostly in a bad sense (= imprecari): si totum exercitum mortem mihi optasse crederem, Liv 28, 27, 10: quid mali feci, ut mihi pejorem reditum quam exitum optares?

    Sen. Ben. 6, 37, 2:

    furorem et insaniam optare alicui,

    id. Pis. 20, 46; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: aliquid ab aliquo, to desire, require, demand any thing of any one:

    quodvis donum et praemium a me optato, id optatum feres,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

    hoc et pallidus optas,

    pray for, Juv. 10, 189.—Hence, op-tātus, a, um, P. a., wished, desired, longed for, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, dear (class.):

    optati cives, populares, incolae,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 1:

    rumores,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1:

    gloria,

    Juv. 10, 187.— Comp.:

    nihil mihi fuit optatius, quam, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1.— Sup.:

    vale, mi optime et optatissime frater,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2.—
    B.
    Subst.: optātum, i, n., a wish, desire:

    di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21; cf.

    afferant,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 105: eveniunt optata deae. Ov. M. 6, 370:

    impetrare optatum,

    Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    praeter optatum meum,

    against my wish, id. Pis. 20, 46:

    meis optatis fortuna respondit,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    mihi in optatis est,

    it is my wish, I wish, id. ib. 2, 13, 2.—Hence, adv.: optā-tō, according to one's wish (class.):

    optato venire,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 26:

    mihi veneris,

    Cic. Att. 13, 28, 3:

    optato ventis aestate coortis,

    Verg. A. 10, 405. ‡† optostrōtum, i, n. [optos-strôton], a brick pavement, Not. Tir. p. 164.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > optatum

  • 54 opto

    opto, āvi, ātum, 1 (optassis for optaveris, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 75), v. a. [root op, whence Gr. OPTÔ, opsomai; qs. to look out, pick out, = legere, eligere], to choose, select (anteclass. and poet.;

    syn. deligo): utrum vis, opta, dum licet,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 14; id. Aul. prol. 11:

    sapientius opta,

    Ov. M. 2, 102: non video hic, quid magnopere optem, Lucil. ap. Non. 358, 13:

    inhoneste parare divitias,

    Ter. And. 4, 5, 2:

    locum tecto,

    Verg. A. 1, 425:

    locum regno,

    id. ib. 3, 109:

    externos duces,

    id. ib. 8, 503:

    L. Furium optavit,

    Liv. 6, 25.—Hence, in relig. lang.:

    optatam hostiam, alii optimam, appellant eam, quam aedilis tribus constitutis hostiis optat, quam immolari velit,

    Fest. p. 186 Müll. —
    II.
    Transf., to wish, wish for, desire (the predominant signification of the word; cf.:

    volo, cupio, desidero, aveo): tua vita optanda est, Ter Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil nisi quod honestum sit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66:

    aliquid votis,

    Verg. A. 10, 279:

    vestitus, quem cupimus optamusque,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 2:

    fortunam,

    id. Pis. 14, 32.—With ut (class. and freq.):

    (Phaëthon) optavit, ut in currum patris tolleretur,

    Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    numquam a dis immortalibus optabo. ut, etc.,

    id. Cat. 2, 7, 15.—With subj.:

    optavi, peteres caelestia sidera tarde,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 57.—With inf.:

    hunc videre saepe optabamus diem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 29:

    cujus integrā re consilium exquirere optassem,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

    officia mandare, deponere optantibus,

    id. Pan. 87, 2:

    Darius equestri proelio decernere optabat,

    Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 12, 4:

    meliores liberos habere,

    Suet. Oth. 1 fin.; Tac. Or. 9.—With acc. and inf.:

    impleri sinus optabamus,

    Quint. 10, 7, 23:

    ex Indiā sospitem ipsum reverti,

    Curt. 10, 1, 7:

    quem te esse opto,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3: omnes mortales sese laudarier optant, Enn. ap. Aug. Trin. 13, 6 (Ann. v. 551 Vahl.). — Absol.:

    optare hoc quidem est, non docere,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf. id. Ac. 2, 38, 121; id Fat. 20, 47: optare alicui aliquid, to wish one any thing, in a good sense:

    equidem tibi bona optavi omnia,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 25:

    tibi optamus eam rem publicam, in quā, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 97, 331;

    but mostly in a bad sense (= imprecari): si totum exercitum mortem mihi optasse crederem, Liv 28, 27, 10: quid mali feci, ut mihi pejorem reditum quam exitum optares?

    Sen. Ben. 6, 37, 2:

    furorem et insaniam optare alicui,

    id. Pis. 20, 46; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: aliquid ab aliquo, to desire, require, demand any thing of any one:

    quodvis donum et praemium a me optato, id optatum feres,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

    hoc et pallidus optas,

    pray for, Juv. 10, 189.—Hence, op-tātus, a, um, P. a., wished, desired, longed for, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, dear (class.):

    optati cives, populares, incolae,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 1:

    rumores,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1:

    gloria,

    Juv. 10, 187.— Comp.:

    nihil mihi fuit optatius, quam, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1.— Sup.:

    vale, mi optime et optatissime frater,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2.—
    B.
    Subst.: optātum, i, n., a wish, desire:

    di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21; cf.

    afferant,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 105: eveniunt optata deae. Ov. M. 6, 370:

    impetrare optatum,

    Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    praeter optatum meum,

    against my wish, id. Pis. 20, 46:

    meis optatis fortuna respondit,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    mihi in optatis est,

    it is my wish, I wish, id. ib. 2, 13, 2.—Hence, adv.: optā-tō, according to one's wish (class.):

    optato venire,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 26:

    mihi veneris,

    Cic. Att. 13, 28, 3:

    optato ventis aestate coortis,

    Verg. A. 10, 405. ‡† optostrōtum, i, n. [optos-strôton], a brick pavement, Not. Tir. p. 164.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > opto

  • 55 optostrotum

    opto, āvi, ātum, 1 (optassis for optaveris, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 75), v. a. [root op, whence Gr. OPTÔ, opsomai; qs. to look out, pick out, = legere, eligere], to choose, select (anteclass. and poet.;

    syn. deligo): utrum vis, opta, dum licet,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 14; id. Aul. prol. 11:

    sapientius opta,

    Ov. M. 2, 102: non video hic, quid magnopere optem, Lucil. ap. Non. 358, 13:

    inhoneste parare divitias,

    Ter. And. 4, 5, 2:

    locum tecto,

    Verg. A. 1, 425:

    locum regno,

    id. ib. 3, 109:

    externos duces,

    id. ib. 8, 503:

    L. Furium optavit,

    Liv. 6, 25.—Hence, in relig. lang.:

    optatam hostiam, alii optimam, appellant eam, quam aedilis tribus constitutis hostiis optat, quam immolari velit,

    Fest. p. 186 Müll. —
    II.
    Transf., to wish, wish for, desire (the predominant signification of the word; cf.:

    volo, cupio, desidero, aveo): tua vita optanda est, Ter Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil nisi quod honestum sit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66:

    aliquid votis,

    Verg. A. 10, 279:

    vestitus, quem cupimus optamusque,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 2:

    fortunam,

    id. Pis. 14, 32.—With ut (class. and freq.):

    (Phaëthon) optavit, ut in currum patris tolleretur,

    Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    numquam a dis immortalibus optabo. ut, etc.,

    id. Cat. 2, 7, 15.—With subj.:

    optavi, peteres caelestia sidera tarde,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 57.—With inf.:

    hunc videre saepe optabamus diem,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 29:

    cujus integrā re consilium exquirere optassem,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2:

    officia mandare, deponere optantibus,

    id. Pan. 87, 2:

    Darius equestri proelio decernere optabat,

    Curt. 3, 11, 1; 4, 12, 4:

    meliores liberos habere,

    Suet. Oth. 1 fin.; Tac. Or. 9.—With acc. and inf.:

    impleri sinus optabamus,

    Quint. 10, 7, 23:

    ex Indiā sospitem ipsum reverti,

    Curt. 10, 1, 7:

    quem te esse opto,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3: omnes mortales sese laudarier optant, Enn. ap. Aug. Trin. 13, 6 (Ann. v. 551 Vahl.). — Absol.:

    optare hoc quidem est, non docere,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf. id. Ac. 2, 38, 121; id Fat. 20, 47: optare alicui aliquid, to wish one any thing, in a good sense:

    equidem tibi bona optavi omnia,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 25:

    tibi optamus eam rem publicam, in quā, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 97, 331;

    but mostly in a bad sense (= imprecari): si totum exercitum mortem mihi optasse crederem, Liv 28, 27, 10: quid mali feci, ut mihi pejorem reditum quam exitum optares?

    Sen. Ben. 6, 37, 2:

    furorem et insaniam optare alicui,

    id. Pis. 20, 46; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: aliquid ab aliquo, to desire, require, demand any thing of any one:

    quodvis donum et praemium a me optato, id optatum feres,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:

    hoc et pallidus optas,

    pray for, Juv. 10, 189.—Hence, op-tātus, a, um, P. a., wished, desired, longed for, agreeable, pleasing, pleasant, dear (class.):

    optati cives, populares, incolae,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 1:

    rumores,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1:

    gloria,

    Juv. 10, 187.— Comp.:

    nihil mihi fuit optatius, quam, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1.— Sup.:

    vale, mi optime et optatissime frater,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 2.—
    B.
    Subst.: optātum, i, n., a wish, desire:

    di tibi semper omnia optata offerant,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21; cf.

    afferant,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 105: eveniunt optata deae. Ov. M. 6, 370:

    impetrare optatum,

    Cic. Off. 3, 25, 94:

    praeter optatum meum,

    against my wish, id. Pis. 20, 46:

    meis optatis fortuna respondit,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    mihi in optatis est,

    it is my wish, I wish, id. ib. 2, 13, 2.—Hence, adv.: optā-tō, according to one's wish (class.):

    optato venire,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 26:

    mihi veneris,

    Cic. Att. 13, 28, 3:

    optato ventis aestate coortis,

    Verg. A. 10, 405. ‡† optostrōtum, i, n. [optos-strôton], a brick pavement, Not. Tir. p. 164.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > optostrotum

  • 56 peto

    pĕto, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 3 ( perf. petīt, Verg. A. 9, 9;

    Ov F. 1, 109: petisti,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11; Verg. A. 4, 100; 12, 359:

    petistis,

    Auct. Her. 4, 15, 22:

    petissem,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 55, 145; Ov. M. 5, 26; Liv. 30, 25, 2:

    petisse,

    Cic. Quint. 11, 37; id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Ov. [p. 1365] M. 9, 623; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 516 sq.), v. a. [Sanscr. root pat-, to fall upon, fly, find; Gr. pet- in piptô (pi-petô), to fall; cf. Lat. impetus and in petomai, to fly; cf. Lat. penna, acci-pit-er, etc.; the root of piptô, and therefore orig. to fall, fall upon; hence, to endeavor to reach or attain any thing].
    I.
    To fall upon any thing.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In a hostile sense, to rush at, attack, assault, assail; to let fly at, aim a blow at, thrust at, etc. (class.; cf.:

    invado, aggredior): gladiatores et vitando caute, et petendo vehementer,

    Cic. Or. 68, 228:

    cujus latus mucro ille petebat,

    id. Lig. 3, 9:

    non latus aut ventrem, sed caput et collum petere,

    to thrust at, id. Mur. 26, 52:

    aliquem spiculo infeste,

    Liv. 2, 20:

    aliquem mālo,

    to throw an apple at any one, Verg. E. 3, 64:

    alicui ungue genas,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 452:

    aliquem saxis, id. de Nuce, 2: aprum jaculis,

    Suet. Tib. 72:

    aëra disco,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 13:

    bello Penatìs,

    Verg. A. 3, 603:

    armis patriam,

    Vell. 2, 68, 3.—
    2.
    Without the notion of hostility: petere collum alicujus amplexu, to fall upon one's neck, to embrace one, M. Cael. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 124.—Esp. freq., to seek, to direct one's course to, to go or repair to, to make for, travel to a place:

    grues loca calidiora petentes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    Cyzicum,

    id. Fam. 14, 4, 3:

    Dyrrhachium,

    id. Planc. 41, 97:

    naves,

    to seek, take refuge in their ships, Nep. Milt. 5, 5:

    caelum pennis,

    to fly, Ov. F. 3, 457:

    Graiis Phasi petite viris,

    visited by the Greeks, id. P. 4, 10, 52:

    Metellus Postumium ad bellum gerendum Africam petentem,... urbem egredi passus non est,

    attempting to go, starting, Val. Max. 1, 1, 2.— Transf., of things, to proceed or go towards:

    campum petit amnis,

    Verg. G. 3, 522:

    mons petit astra,

    towers toward the stars, Ov. M. 1, 316: aliquem, to seek, go to a person:

    reginam,

    Verg. A. 1, 717:

    ut te supplex peterem, et tua limina adirem,

    id. ib. 6, 115: aliquid in locum or ad aliquem, to go to a place or person for something, to go in quest of, go to fetch:

    visum est tanti in extremam Italiam petere Brundisium ostreas,

    to go to Brundisium for oysters, Plin. 9, 54, 79, § 169:

    myrrham ad Troglodytas,

    id. 12, 15, 33, § 66:

    harena ad Aethiopas usque petitur,

    id. 36, 6, 9, § 51:

    collis, in quem vimina petebantur,

    id. 16, 10, 15, § 37:

    quaeque trans maria petimus,

    fetch, id. 19, 4, 19, §§ 58, 52.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To attack, assail one with any thing (class.):

    aiiquem epistulā,

    Cic. Att. 2, 2, 2:

    aliquem fraude et insidiis,

    Liv. 40, 55:

    aliquem falsis criminibus,

    Tac. A. 4, 31.—
    B.
    To demand, seek, require (cf. posco).
    1.
    In gen.:

    ita petit asparagus,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 23:

    ex iis tantum, quantum res petet, hauriemus,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 123:

    aliquem in vincula,

    Quint. 7, 1, 55:

    aliquem ad supplicium,

    id. 7, 6, 6: poenas ab aliquo, to seek satisfaction from or revenge one's self on any one. ut poenas ab optimo quoque peteret sui doloris, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 7:

    ut merito ab eā poenas liberi sui petere debuerint,

    Quint. 3, 11, 12.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To demand or claim at law, to bring an action to recover, to sue for any thing (syn.:

    postulo): causam dicere Prius unde petitur... Quam ille qui petit,

    Ter. Eun. prol. 11:

    qui per se litem contestatur, sibi soli petit,

    Cic. Rosc Com. 18, 53: aliquando cum servis Habiti furti egit;

    nuper ab ipso Habito petere coepit,

    id. Clu. 59, 163:

    qui non calumniā litium alienos fundos, sed castris, exercitu, signis inferendis petebat,

    id. Mil. 27, 74.—
    b.
    To beg, beseech, ask, request, desire, entreat (syn.: rogo, flagito, obsecro); constr with ab and abl. of pers. (cf. infra); ante- and postclass., with acc. of pers.:

    vos volo, vos peto atque obsecro,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 60; freq. with ut:

    a te etiam atque etiam peto atque contendo, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 5:

    peto quaesoque, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 2:

    peto igitur a te, vel, si pateris, oro, ut,

    id. ib. 9, 13, 3:

    petere in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut,

    id. Verr 2, 3, 82, § 189:

    petere precibus per litteras ab aliquo, ut,

    id. Sull. 19, 55:

    pacem ab aliquo,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    opem ab aliquo,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:

    vitam nocenti,

    Tac. A. 2, 31:

    petito, ut intrare urbem liceret,

    Just. 43, 5, 6.—Also, with id or illud, and ut, etc.: illud autem te peto, ut, etc., Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 2.—With obj.-clause (mostly poet.):

    arma umeris arcumque animosa petebat Ferre,

    Stat. Achill. 1, 352; cf.: cum peteret (solum) donari quasi proprio suo deo, Suet. Aug. 5: petit aes sibi dari eis artous, Gell. 9, 2, 1.—De aliquo (for ab aliquo), to beg or request of one (post-class.):

    si de me petisses, ut, etc.,

    Dig. 13, 6, 5.—Ab aliquo aliquid alicui, to beg a thing of one person for another (class.):

    M. Curtio tribunatum a Caesare petivi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 15, 3: ab aliquo pro aliquo petere, to intercede for:

    in eorum studiis, qui a te pro Ligario petunt,

    Cic. Lig. 10, 31.—With ex and abl. pers. (v. infra d.):

    eum petit litteris, ut ad Britanniam proficisceretur,

    Capitol. Pertin. 3, 5; Eutr. 2, 24.—Hence, pĕtītum, i, n., a prayer, desire, request, entreaty, Cat. 68, 39.—
    (β).
    Polit. t. t., to apply or solicit for an office, to be a candidate for office (different from ambire, to go about among the people to collect their votes, to canvass, which took place after the petitio):

    nemo est ex iis, qui nunc petunt, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2:

    consulatum,

    id. Phil. 2, 30, 76:

    praeturam,

    id. Verr. 1, 8, 23; Liv. 1, 35.—
    c.
    To solicit a person, to seek to possess, to woo:

    libidine sic accensa (Sempronia) ut viros saepius peteret quam peteretur,

    Sall. C. 25, 3:

    cum te tam multi peterent, tu me una petisti,

    Prop. 3, 13, 27:

    formosam quisque petit,

    id. 3, 32, 4:

    multi illam petiere,

    Ov. M. 1, 478; cf.: quae tuus Vir petet, cave, ne neges;

    Ne petitum aliunde eat,

    Cat. 61, 151.—
    d.
    To endeavor to obtain or pursue, to seek, strive after any thing, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 40:

    fugā salutem petere,

    Nep. Hann. 11, 4:

    praedam pedibus,

    Ov. M. 1, 534:

    gloriam,

    Sall. C. 54, 5:

    eloquentiae principatum,

    Cic. Or. 17, 56:

    sanguinis profusio vel fortuita vel petita,

    intentional, designed, produced by artificial means, Cels. 2, 8.—With inf.:

    bene vivere,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 29:

    victricemque petunt dextrae conjungere dextram,

    Ov. M. 8, 421; 14, 571:

    conubiis natam sociare Latinis,

    Verg. A. 7, 96:

    aliquem transfigere ferro,

    Mart. 5, 51, 3.—With ex and abl., over, in the case of:

    ex hostibus victoriam petere,

    Liv. 8, 33, 13:

    supplicium ex se, non victoriam peti,

    id. 28, 19, 11:

    imperium ex victis hostibus populum Romanum petere,

    id. 30, 16, 7.—
    e.
    To fetch any thing:

    qui argentum petit,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

    cibum e flammā,

    Ter. Eun, 3, 2, 38:

    altius initium rei demonstrandae,

    Cic. Caecin. 4, 10:

    aliquid a Graecis,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

    a litteris exiguam doloris oblivionem,

    to obtain, id. Fam. 5, 15, 4:

    suspirium alte,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 57; cf.:

    latere petitus imo spiritus,

    Hor. Epod. 11, 10; and:

    gemitus alto de corde petiti,

    Ov. M. 2, 622:

    haec ex veteri memoriā petita,

    Tac. H. 3, 5, 1.—
    f.
    To take, betake one's self to any thing:

    iter a Vibone Brundisium terrā petere contendi,

    Cic. Planc. 40, 96:

    diversas vias,

    Val. Fl. 1, 91:

    alium cursum,

    to take another route, Cic. Att. 3, 8, 2:

    aliam in partem petebant fugam,

    betook themselves to flight, fled, Caes. B. G. 2, 24.—
    g.
    To refer to, relate to ( poet.):

    Trojanos haec monstra petunt,

    Verg. A. 9, 128.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > peto

  • 57 posco

    posco, pŏposci, 3 (old perf. peposci, Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 9), v. inch. a. [for porc-scere; Sanscr. root parkh- prakh-, to ask; cf.: precor, procus, procax], to ask for urgently; to beg, demand, request, desire (syn.: flagito, postulo, peto).
    I.
    In gen., constr. usually with aliquid, aliquem ( sibi): aliquid ab aliquo; also with a double acc., with ut, with inf., or with acc. and inf., or wholly absol.:

    poscere est secundum Varronem, quotiens aliquid pro merito nostro deposcimus: petere vero est cum aliquid humiliter et cum precibus postulamus,

    Serv. Verg. A. 9, 194.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

    Cic. Planc. 19, 48; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 71:

    argentum,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 20, § 44;

    2, 3, 34, § 78: pugnam,

    Liv. 2, 45, 6: nec mi aurum posco, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 200 Vahl.):

    si quid poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    pulvinos,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 29; id. Planc. 19, 48:

    vades poposcit,

    id. Rep. 2, 36, 61; cf.:

    audaciae partes Roscii sibi poposcerunt,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 13, 35:

    peccatis veniam poscentem (preceded by postulare),

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 75.—
    (β).
    With ab:

    fac, ut audeat Tibi credere omnia, abs te petere et poscere,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 53: diem a praetore peposcit, Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 9:

    abs te litteras,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36; 2, 2, 47, § 117:

    tutorem ab aliquo,

    Suet. Aug. 94:

    bibere a me poscis,

    Vulg. Joann. 4, 9.—
    (γ).
    With a double acc.:

    parentes pretium pro sepulturā liberum poscere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

    magistratum nummos,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 17, §

    44: aliquem causam disserendi,

    id. Tusc. 3, 3, 7:

    claves portarum magistratus,

    Liv. 27, 24, 8:

    non ita creditum Poscis Quintilium deos,

    Hor. C. 1, 24, 12:

    cur me in decursu lampada poscis?

    Pers. 6, 61:

    poscenti vos rationem,

    Vulg. 1 Pet. 3, 15.—Hence, pass.: poscor aliquid, I am asked for something, something is asked or demanded of me ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

    gravidae posceris exta bovis,

    they ask you for the entrails, Ov. F. 4, 670; cf.:

    poscor meum Laelapa,

    they demand of me my Lœlaps, id. M. 7, 771:

    nec tantum segetes alimentaque debita dives Poscebatur humus,

    id. ib. 1, 138:

    quod rationem pecuniae posceretur,

    Gell. 4, 18, 12; to be called upon or invoked to inspire a poet or to sing:

    aversus Apollo Poscitur invitā verba pigenda lyrā,

    Prop. 4 (5), 1, 76 (better reading poscis ab); cf. absol. Palilia poscor: Non poscor frustra;

    si favet alma Pales,

    Ov. F. 4, 721; so,

    poscimur Aonides,

    Ov. M. 5, 333:

    poscimur,

    Hor. C. 1, 32, 1.—
    (δ).
    With ut:

    poscimus, ut cenes civiliter,

    Juv. 5, 112:

    poscimus ut sit, etc.,

    id. 7, 71; Tac. H. 2, 39: poposcit, ut haec ipsa quaestio diligentius tractaretur, Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 21.—
    (ε).
    With inf. or acc. and inf. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    poscat sibi fabula credit,

    Hor. A. P. 339; cf.:

    immolare Fauno, Seu poscat agnā sive malit haedo,

    id. C. 1, 4, 12:

    esse sacerdotes delubraque vestra tueri Poscimus,

    Ov. M. 8, 708:

    contraque occurrere poscunt,

    Val. Fl. 4, 194; Pers. 1, 128; Claud. in Eutr. 1, 151.—In prose:

    ego vero te etiam morari posco inter voluptates,

    Sen. Contr. 1, 8; Arn. 7, p. 254. So, too, perh. (acc. to Stephanus's conjecture):

    vos fallere poscunt,

    Rutil. Lup. Fig. 2, 19, p. 181 Frotsch.—
    (ζ).
    Ellipt.:

    poscunt majoribus poculis, sc. bibere,

    they challenge to drink from larger goblets, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66.—
    (η).
    Absol., to beg, be a beggar:

    improbus es, cum poscis, ait. Sed pensio clamat, posce,

    Juv. 9, 63 sq. —
    B.
    Of inanimate and abstract subjects, to demand, require, need:

    quod res poscere videbatur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

    cum usus poscit,

    id. ib. 4, 2: quod negotium poscebat, Sail J. 56, 1; 70, 3; Quint. 11, 3, 162 et saep.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To demand for punishment, to ask the surrender of: accusant [p. 1403] ii, quos populus poscit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13; cf.:

    hujus tantae cladis auctor Annibal poscitur,

    Flor. 2, 6, 7:

    nec poscitur auctor,

    Sil. 2, 44:

    poscendum poenae juvenem jubebat,

    id. 1, 677; so Liv. 9, 26.—
    B.
    In gen., to call one (ante-class. and poet.):

    clamore hominem posco,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 5:

    gemitu Alciden,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 1887.— Pass.: ego poscor Olympo ( dat. of agent), Olympus calls me, summons me to the combat, Verg. A. 8, 533:

    poscimur,

    Ov. M. 2, 144.—
    2.
    In partic., to call upon, invoke:

    supplex tua numina posco,

    Verg. A. 1, 666.—
    C.
    In selling.
    1.
    To ask, demand for a thing, to offer at a price:

    tanti quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22: pro reliquis (libris) idem pretium poposcit, Varr. ap. Lact. 1, 6, 10.—
    2.
    To ask, bid, offer a price for a thing:

    agite licemini. Qui cenā poscit? ecqui poscit prandio?

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 68; id. Merc. 2, 3, 101; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 88.—
    D.
    To demand one's hand, ask in marriage:

    eam si jubes, frater, tibi me poscere, poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 38:

    filiam tuam mihi uxorem posco,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 42:

    tibi permittam, posce, duce,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 103:

    sine dote posco tuam sororem filio,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 98:

    tuam sororem uxorem alicui,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 49.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > posco

  • 58 quaero

    quaero (old orthogr. QVAIRO, Epitaphs of the Scipios, 6; for the original form and etym. quaeso, ĕre, v. quaeso), sīvi or sĭi, sītum, 3, v. a., to seek.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.: aliquem, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 43 Vahl.); Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 3:

    te ipsum quaerebam,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 3:

    escam in sterquilinio,

    Phaedr. 3, 12 init. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To seek to get or procure, to seek or search for a thing, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 38:

    rem mercaturis faciendis,

    Cic. Par. 6, 2, 46.— Absol.:

    contrivi in quaerendo vitam atque aetatem meam,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 15; 5, 3, 27; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 57; id. A. P. 170.—
    b.
    Transf., to get, procure, obtain, acquire a thing:

    uxores liberorum quaerendorum causā ducere,

    Suet. Caes. 52:

    liberorum quaerundorum causā ei uxor data est,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 109; cf.:

    quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos,

    id. Ps. 1, 1, 21.—
    2.
    To seek for something missing, to miss:

    Siciliam in uberrimā Siciliae parte,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    optatos Tyndaridas,

    Prop. 1, 17, 18:

    Phoebi comam,

    Tib. 2, 3, 20:

    amnes,

    Stat. Th. 4, 703.—
    3.
    To ask, desire, with ut and subj.:

    quaeris ut suscipiam cogitationem quidnam istis agendum putem,

    Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to seek, i. e. to think over, meditate, aim at, plan a thing:

    dum id quaero, tibi qui filium restituerem,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 83:

    quonam modo maxime ulti sanguinem nostrum pereamus,

    Sall. C. 33,5:

    fugam,

    Cic. Att. 7, 17, 1; id. Mur. 37, 80:

    sibi remedium ad rem aliquam,

    id. Clu. 9, 27:

    de gratiā quid significares, mecum ipse quaerebam,

    id. Att. 9, 11, A, 1.—With inf.:

    tristitiae causam si quis cognoscere quaerit,

    seeks, strives, endeavors, Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 7; id. Am. 1, 8, 51; Hor. C. 3, 4, 39; id. Ep. 1, 1, 2 al.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To look for, seek to gain any thing; to get, acquire, obtain, procure:

    laudem sibi,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 74:

    salutem alicui malo,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 2:

    negabant ullā aliā in re nisi in naturā quaerendum esse illud summum bonum,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 5, 19:

    pudentem exitum suae impudentiae,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2:

    invidiam in aliquem,

    id. Rab. Post. 17, 46. —
    2.
    Of inanim. and abstr. subjects, to demand, need, require, = requirere:

    quod cujusquam oratoris eloquentiam quaereret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 29:

    lites ex limitibus judicem quaerant,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 15, 1:

    bellum dictatoriam majestatem quaesivisset,

    Liv. 8, 30:

    quaerit Boeotia Dircen,

    Ov. M. 2, 239. —
    3.
    To seek to learn from any one; to ask, inquire, interrogate (cf.: interrogo, percontor).
    (α).
    With ab:

    cum ab iis saepius quaereret,

    made inquiries, Caes. B. G. 1, 32:

    quaero abs te nunc, Hortensi, cum, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83, § 191:

    quaesivit a medicis, quemadmodum se haberet,

    Nep. Dion, 2, 4:

    a quo cum quaesisset, quo se deduci vellet,

    id. Epam. 4, 5; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 22, 60. —
    (β).
    With de:

    quaerebat paulo ante de me, quid, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 9, 18:

    de te ipso quaero, Vatini, utrum, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 4, 10:

    quaero de te, arbitrerisne, etc.,

    Liv. 4, 40:

    cura tibi de quo quaerere nulla fuit,

    Ov. P. 4, 3, 18.—
    (γ).
    With ex:

    quaesivi ex Phaniā, quam in partem provinciae putaret, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 1:

    quaerit ex solo ea, quae, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18.—
    (δ).
    With a rel.-clause:

    ille baro te putabat quaesiturum, unum caelum esset an innumerabilia,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3:

    natura fieret laudabile carmen, an arte, Quaesitum est,

    Hor. A. P. 409:

    quaeritur inter medicos, cujus generis aquae sint utilissimae,

    Plin. 31, 3, 21, § 31.—
    4. a.
    With inf. (post-Aug.):

    e monte aliquo in alium transilire quaerens,

    Plin. 8, 53, 79, § 214:

    qui mutare sedes quaerebant,

    Tac. G. 2.—
    b.
    Transf., of animals, plants, etc., to desire, prefer, seek:

    salictum et harundinetum... umidum locum quaerunt,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 23, 5:

    glires aridum locum quaerunt,

    id. ib. 3, 15, 2; Col. 1, praef. §

    26: lupinum quaerit maxime sabulosa,

    Plin. 18, 14, 36, § 134;

    so of the soil: ager aquosus plus stercoris quaerit,

    demands, Pall. 1, 6, 15.—
    5.
    To examine or inquire into judicially, to investigate, institute an investigation; with [p. 1502] acc. (rare):

    hunc abduce, vinci, rem quaere,

    Ter. Ad. 3 (4), 36:

    non dubitabat Minucius, quin iste (Verres) illo die rem illam quaesiturus non esset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 72. —With de and abl. (class.; cf.

    Krebs, Autibarb. p. 962 sq.): de pecuniis repetundis,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 27:

    de morte alicujus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119:

    de servo in dominum,

    to question by torture, put to the rack, id. Mil. 22, 59:

    aliquid per tormenta,

    Suet. Tib. 58:

    legibus,

    to investigate according to the laws, impartially, Plin. Ep. 5, 21, 3. —
    b.
    Transf.: si quaeris, si quaerimus (prop., if we, or you, look well into the matter; if we, or you, would know the truth), to say the truth, in fact, to speak honestly:

    omnino, si quaeris, ludi apparatissimi,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2:

    at sunt morosi, et anxii, et difficiles senes: si quaerimus, etiam avari,

    id. Sen. 18, 65:

    si quaeritis,

    id. de Or. 2, 62, 254; so,

    too, si verum quaeris,

    id. Fam. 12, 8, 1:

    si verum quaeritis,

    id. de Or. 2, 34, 146:

    si verum quaerimus,

    id. Tusc. 2, 23, 55: noli quaerere or quid quaeris? in short, in one word:

    noli quaerere: ita mihi pulcher hic dies visus est,

    id. Fam. 4, 4, 3:

    quid quaeris? biduo factus est mihi familiaris,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 2.— Hence, quaesītus, a, um, P. a., sought out.
    A.
    In a good sense, select, special, extraordinary (mostly post-Aug.): epulae quaesitissumae, Sall. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9, 9 (Sall. H. 2, 23, 4 Dietsch); comp.:

    leges quaesitiores (opp. simplices),

    Tac. A. 3, 26:

    quaesitior adulatio,

    id. ib. 3, 57.— Sup.:

    quaesitissimi honores,

    Tac. A. 2, 53.—
    B.
    In a bad sense (opp. to what is natural), far-fetched, studied, affected, assumed (class.):

    vitabit etiam quaesita nec ex tempore ficta, sed domo allata, quae plerumque sunt frigida,

    Cic. Or. 26, 89:

    ut numerus non quaesitus, sed ipse secutus esse videatur,

    id. ib. 65, 219:

    comitas,

    Tac. A. 6, 50:

    asperitas,

    id. ib. 5, 3.—
    C.
    Subst.: quaesītum, i, n.
    1.
    A question ( poet.):

    accipe quaesiti causam,

    Ov. M. 4, 793; id. F. 1, 278; Hor. S. 2, 6, 82.—
    2.
    A question as a rhetorical figure, = pusma, Mart. Cap. 5, § 524.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > quaero

  • 59 reposco

    1.
    rĕ-posco, ĕre, v. a., to demand back, to ask for again, as something belonging to one (class.); constr. aliquid; aliquid ab aliquo; more freq., aliquem aliquid, and absol.
    I.
    Lit.:

    dedisti eam dono mihi: Eandem nunc reposcis,

    Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 16:

    quoi talentum mutuom dedi, reposcam,

    id. Trin. 3, 2, 202:

    quae deposueris,

    Quint. 9, 2, 63:

    pecuniam,

    Tac. A. 1, 35:

    ignes commissos,

    Prop. 4 (5), 11, 53:

    fratrem clamore magno,

    Sil. 17, 460:

    ego ab hac puerum reposcam,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 76:

    virginem,

    id. Curc. 5, 2, 16:

    aulam auri te reposco,

    id. Aul. 4, 10, 33:

    eum vidulum,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 65:

    eum simulacrum Cereris,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113:

    alter me Catilinam reposcebat,

    id. Red. in Sen. 4, 10:

    Parthos signa,

    Verg. A. 7, 606:

    (talenta) Thebani reposcunt Thessalos,

    Quint. 5, 10, 111:

    propensiores ad bene merendum quam ad reposcendum,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 32. —
    II.
    Trop., to ask for, claim, demand, exact, require, as something due:

    attentas aures animumque reposco,

    Lucr. 6, 920:

    quod natura reposcit,

    id. 2, 369:

    vitam (mea fata),

    Prop. 2, 1, 71:

    amissam meā virtutem voce,

    Ov. M. 13, 235:

    foedus flammis,

    Verg. A. 12, 573:

    responsa Ordine cuncta suo,

    id. ib. 11, 240:

    promissa,

    id. ib. 12, 2:

    pretium libelli,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 5:

    gratiam,

    id. ib. 1, 13, 6:

    vicem,

    Mart. 8, 38, 3:

    natos poenas,

    Verg. A. 2, 139 Forbig. ad loc. (Heyne, ad poenas):

    ab altero rationem vitae,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1: rationem (rei) ab aliquo, id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 27; Caes. B. G. 5, 30; cf.:

    vos rationem reposcitis, quid Achaei Lacedaemoniis bello victis fecerimus?

    Liv. 39, 37:

    quid dicturos reposcentibus aut prospera aut adversa,

    who demanded an account of their successes or reverses, Tac. H. 3, 13 fin.:

    cave respuas, Ne poenas Nemesis reposcat a te,

    Cat. 50, 20.
    2.
    rĕposco, ōnis, m. [1. reposco], one who makes a demand, who urges a claim, a dun:

    acerrimi,

    Amm. 22, 16, 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > reposco

  • 60 requiro

    rĕ-quīro, sīvi or sii, sītum, 3, v. a. [quaero], to seek again; to look after, to seek or search for; to seek to know, to ask or inquire after (class.; cf.: repeto, reposco, exploro).
    I.
    In gen.: Ph. Quid quaeritas? Ha. Vestigium hic requiro, Qua, etc., Plaut. Cist. 4. 2, 58:

    ego illam requiram jam, ubi ubi est,

    id. Ep. 3, 4, 56; so,

    aliquem,

    id. As. 2, 2, 1; id. Capt. 3, 1, 13; id. Bacch. 3, 5, 2; id. Pers. 4, [p. 1575] 6, 14; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 65; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 79; 5, 6, 41; Caes. B. C. 2, 35; Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44; Sall. C. 40, 1: legatos Allobrogum, Greg. M. in Job, 31, 54; Amm. 23, 6 al.; cf.:

    juvenem oculisque animoque,

    Ov. M. 4, 129:

    oculis terram,

    Curt. 4, 7, 11:

    cerva requisita,

    Gell. 15, 22, 6:

    libros,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

    scripta SCtis abolita,

    Suet. Calig. 16:

    extractum anulum,

    id. Tib. 73:

    membra omnia,

    Quint. 11, 2, 13:

    artus, ossa,

    Ov. M. 2, 336:

    portus Velinos,

    Verg. A. 6, 366:

    cibos,

    Col. 8, 8, 1:

    vinum generosum et lene,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 18:

    animi neque admirantur neque requirunt rationes earum rerum, quas semper vident,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 96:

    causam tam facilis eventus,

    Front. Strat. 3, 1, 2; cf.

    causam,

    Ov. M. 10, 388:

    vera,

    Lucr. 1, 640:

    tua facta,

    Ov. H. 6, 31:

    mea facta,

    id. M 13, 211:

    quaedam requisita se occultant, et eadem forte succurrunt,

    Quint. 11, 2, 7; cf. id. 8, prooem. § 30 Zumpt N. cr.; id. 5, 10, 121:

    quod si quis parum credat, apud ipsum (Lucilium) in nono requirat,

    id. 1, 7, 19.—With dependent clause:

    requireres, rogitares, quis esset, aut unde esset, etc.,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 48:

    (bestiae) ut requirant atque appetant, ad quas se applicent ejusdem generis animantes,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 81:

    illud quoque requisivi, quā ratione, etc.,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; cf. id. N. D. 1, 22, 60:

    requirunt, num aliquid, etc.,

    Quint. 12, 9, 17:

    forsitan et, Priami fuerint quae fata, requiras,

    Verg. A. 2, 506:

    cum requisisset ubinam esset,

    Nep. Att. 10, 4:

    secum, cur sit bis rapta, requirit,

    Ov. M. 15, 233.— Impers. pass.:

    requiretur fortasse nunc, quemadmodem, etc.,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22. — Absol.:

    videmusne, ut pueri... pulsi requirant et aliquid scire se gaudeant?

    Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 48:

    subito res vetustas reddere se et offerre, nec tantum requirentibus, sed etiam sponte interim,

    Quint. 11, 2, 5:

    pande requirenti nomen terraeque tuumque,

    Ov. M. 4, 679. —
    b.
    Requirere ex or ab aliquo (aliquid), to ask, demand, inquire any thing of a person; to question a person about any thing:

    ex quibus requiram, quonam modo latuerint aut ubi, etc.,

    Cic. Cael. 28, 67:

    si quis requirit cur Romae non sim,

    id. Att. 12, 40, 3; cf.:

    saepe ex me requiris, cur, etc.,

    Tac. Or. 1:

    quoniam nihil ex te hi requirunt,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 38, 64; Quint. 1, 6, 31:

    facilia sunt ea, quae a me de Vatinio requiris,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19; cf.:

    ut id a me neve in hoc reo neve in aliis requiras,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 19:

    illud mihi numquam in mentem venit a te requirere,

    id. Ac. 1, 1, 5:

    aliquid de antiquitate ab aliquo,

    Nep. Att. 20, 2. —
    II.
    In partic., with the accessory idea of need, to ask for something needed; to need, want, lack, miss, be in want of, require (syn. desidero):

    omnes hoc loco cives Romani vestram severitatem desiderant, vestram fidem implorant, vestrum auxilium requirunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:

    qui beatus est, non intellego, quid requirat, ut sit beatior,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 23:

    habuit, non habet: desiderat, requirit, indiget,

    id. ib. 1, 36, 87: isto bono utare, dum assit;

    cum absit, ne requiras: nisi forte adulescentes pueritiam, paulum aetate progressi adulescentiam debent requirere,

    id. Sen. 10, 33; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61:

    magnam res diligentiam requirebat,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

    non ex liberis populis reges requiri,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48:

    mala causa est quae requirit misericordiam, Publ. Syr. v. 312 Rib.: divitias,

    Tib. 1, 1, 41.—
    b.
    Pass., to be required, i. e. to be requisite, necessary:

    in hoc bello Asiatico virtutes animi magnae et multae requiruntur,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64:

    haec in altercatione,

    Quint. 6, 3, 46:

    aliquae orationes ad cognoscendam litium rationem requiruntur,

    id. 10, 1, 23; Col. 1, 7, 1.—
    B.
    Transf., like desiderare, to perceive to be wanting, to look in vain for, to miss:

    qui (oculi) quocumque inciderunt, veterem consuetudinem fori et pristinum morem judiciorum requirunt,

    Cic. Mil. 1, 1:

    libertatem meam,

    id. Planc. 38, 93:

    et pacis ornamenta et subsidia belli,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6: unum historikon, id. Att. 6, 1, 8:

    Caesaris in se indulgentiam,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

    quae nonnumquam requirimus,

    Cic. Mur. 29, 61:

    aliquid,

    Quint. 2, 10, 15:

    multos, Quos quondam vidi,

    Ov. M. 7, 515:

    vereor, ne desideres officium meum... sed tamen vereor, ne litterarum a me officium requiras,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 1:

    in quo equidem majorum nostrorum saepe requiro prudentiam,

    id. Par. 1, 1, 7.— Hence, rĕquīsītum, i, n., P. a., as subst. (acc. to II.), a want, need, requirement (rare): ad requisita naturae, i. e. to the calls, Sall. Fragm. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 59 (Hist. 1, 54 Dietsch); Spart. Car. 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > requiro

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