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  • 81 school

    I
    1. sku:l noun
    1) (a place for teaching especially children: She goes to the school; He's not at university - he's still at school; (American) He's still in school.) escuela, colegio
    2) (the pupils of a school: The behaviour of this school in public is sometimes not very good.) escuela
    3) (a series of meetings or a place for instruction etc: She runs a sewing school; a driving school.) curso
    4) (a department of a university or college dealing with a particular subject: the School of Mathematics.) facultad
    5) ((American) a university or college.) universidad
    6) (a group of people with the same ideas etc: There are two schools of thought about the treatment of this disease.) escuela

    2. verb
    (to train through practice: We must school ourselves to be patient.) enseñar, educar, formar
    - schoolboy
    - schoolgirl
    - schoolchild
    - school-day
    - schooldays
    - schoolfellow
    - school-leaver
    - schoolmaster
    - schoolmate
    - school-teacher
    II sku:l noun
    (a group of certain kinds of fish, whales or other water animals swimming about: a school of porpoises.) banco
    school n escuela / colegio / instituto
    tr[skʊːl]
    1 (gen, primary) escuela, colegio; (secondary) colegio, instituto
    ■ what are you going to do when you leave school? ¿qué harás cuando dejes el colegio?
    5 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (university) universidad nombre femenino
    6 (course) curso, cursillo
    1 (teach) enseñar; (train) educar, formar
    2 (discipline) disciplinar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to be one of the old school ser de la vieja escuela, estar chapado,-a a la antigua
    school of thought corriente nombre femenino de opinión
    school year año escolar
    ————————
    tr[skʊːl]
    1 (of fish) banco
    school ['sku:l] vt
    : instruir, enseñar
    1) : escuela f, colegio m (institución)
    2) : estudiantes mfpl y profesores mpl (de una escuela)
    3) : escuela f (en pintura, etc.)
    the Flemish school: la escuela flamenca
    4)
    school of fish : banco m, cardumen m
    adj.
    • colegial adj.
    • escolar adj.
    • lectivo, -a adj.
    n.
    • banco s.m.
    • colegio s.m.
    • escuela s.f.
    • estudio s.m.
    • facultad s.m.
    v.
    • adiestrar v.
    • enseñar v.
    • instruir v.

    I skuːl
    1) c u
    a) (in primary, secondary education) colegio m, escuela f

    to go to school — ir* al colegio or a la escuela

    are you still at o (AmE) in school? — ¿todavía vas al colegio?

    when do the children go back to school? — ¿cuándo empiezan las clases?, ¿cuándo vuelven los niños al colegio?

    he teaches school — (AmE) es maestro

    I missed school yesterday — ayer falté a clase or al colegio; (before n) <uniform, rules> del colegio; <bus, inspector> escolar

    children of school age — niños mpl en edad escolar

    school report — (BrE) boletín m or (Méx) boleta f de calificaciones or notas

    school year — año m escolar or lectivo

    b) (college, university) (AmE) universidad f
    c) ( department) facultad f

    he graduated from law/medical school — se licenció en derecho/medicina, se recibió de abogado/médico (AmL)

    the School of Law — la Facultad or (Chi tb) la Escuela de Derecho

    2) c u ( other training establishment) academia f, escuela f

    language school — academia f or escuela f de idiomas

    3) c (tendency, group) escuela f
    4) c ( of fish) cardumen m, banco m; (of dolphins, whales) grupo m

    II
    transitive verb \<\<animal\>\> adiestrar; \<\<person\>\> instruir*; ( train) capacitar

    I [skuːl]
    1. N
    a) (=institution) escuela f, colegio m

    • what did you learn at school today? — ¿qué has aprendido hoy en el colegio?

    which school were you at? — ¿a qué colegio fue?

    • to go to school — ir a la escuela

    which school did you go to? — ¿a qué colegio fue?

    • to leave school — terminar el colegio

    primary 3., secondary 2., high 4.
    b) (=lessons) clase f
    2) (Univ)
    a) (=faculty) facultad f

    • art school — Facultad f de bellas artes

    • School of Languages — departamento m de lenguas modernas

    • law school — Facultad f de derecho

    • medical school — Facultad f de medicina

    b) (US) (=university) universidad f
    3) (=group of artists, writers, thinkers) escuela f

    Plato and his school — Platón y su escuela, Platón y sus discípulos

    4) (specialist) escuela f

    • school of art — escuela f de bellas artes

    • school of dancing — escuela f de baile

    • school of motoring — autoescuela f, escuela f de manejo (LAm)

    • school of music — academia f de música, conservatorio m

    ballet 2., driving 3., riding 2.

    I am not of that school — yo no soy de esa opinión, yo no pertenezco a esa escuela

    I am not of the school that... — yo no soy de los que...

    • of the old school — (fig) de la vieja escuela

    • school of thought — (fig) corriente f de opinión

    2.
    VT [+ horse] amaestrar; [+ person] educar, instruir; [+ reaction, voice etc] dominar

    to school sb in sth — educar or instruir a algn en algo

    to school o.s. — instruirse

    to school o.s. in patience — aprender a tener paciencia

    3.
    CPD

    school age N — edad f escolar

    school-age child — niño m en edad escolar

    school attendance N — asistencia f a la escuela

    school attendance officer — inspector de educación encargado de problemas relacionados con la falta de asistencia o el bajo rendimiento de los alumnos

    school board N — (US) (=board of governors) consejo m escolar; (=board of education) consejo supervisor del sistema educativo local

    school bus N — autobús m escolar

    school counsellor N — (US) consejero(-a) m / f escolar

    school dinner N — comida f escolar, comida f de colegio

    school district N — (US) distrito m escolar

    school doctor N — médico mf de escuela

    school fees NPL — matrícula fsing (escolar)

    school friend N — amigo(-a) m / f de clase

    school holidays NPL — vacaciones fpl escolares

    school hours NPL —

    school inspector N — inspector(a) m / f de enseñanza

    school kid * N — niño(-a) m / f en edad escolar

    school leaver N — persona f que termina la escuela

    school library N — biblioteca f escolar

    school life N — vida f escolar

    school lunch N — comida f escolar, comida f de colegio

    to take school lunches — comer or almorzar en la escuela

    school meal N — comida f provista por la escuela

    school night N — noche anterior a un día de colegio

    school playground N — (Brit) patio m (de recreo)

    school record N — expediente m académico

    school report N — boletín m escolar

    school run N —

    • to do the school run — llevar a los niños al colegio en coche

    school superintendent N — (US) superintendente mf escolar

    school time N — = school hours

    school trip N — = school outing

    school uniform N — uniforme m escolar

    school yard N (US) — = school playground

    school year N — año m escolar


    II
    [skuːl]
    N [of fish, dolphins, whales] banco m
    * * *

    I [skuːl]
    1) c u
    a) (in primary, secondary education) colegio m, escuela f

    to go to school — ir* al colegio or a la escuela

    are you still at o (AmE) in school? — ¿todavía vas al colegio?

    when do the children go back to school? — ¿cuándo empiezan las clases?, ¿cuándo vuelven los niños al colegio?

    he teaches school — (AmE) es maestro

    I missed school yesterday — ayer falté a clase or al colegio; (before n) <uniform, rules> del colegio; <bus, inspector> escolar

    children of school age — niños mpl en edad escolar

    school report — (BrE) boletín m or (Méx) boleta f de calificaciones or notas

    school year — año m escolar or lectivo

    b) (college, university) (AmE) universidad f
    c) ( department) facultad f

    he graduated from law/medical school — se licenció en derecho/medicina, se recibió de abogado/médico (AmL)

    the School of Law — la Facultad or (Chi tb) la Escuela de Derecho

    2) c u ( other training establishment) academia f, escuela f

    language school — academia f or escuela f de idiomas

    3) c (tendency, group) escuela f
    4) c ( of fish) cardumen m, banco m; (of dolphins, whales) grupo m

    II
    transitive verb \<\<animal\>\> adiestrar; \<\<person\>\> instruir*; ( train) capacitar

    English-spanish dictionary > school

  • 82 tomorrow

    tə'morəu
    noun, adverb
    1) ((on) the day after today: Tomorrow is Saturday; The news will be announced tomorrow.) mañana
    2) ((in) the future: tomorrow's world.) mañana, futuro
    tomorrow n adv mañana
    tr[tə'mɒrəʊ]
    1 mañana
    1 mañana
    ■ tomorrow morning/afternoon mañana por la mañana/tarde
    ■ see you tomorrow! ¡hasta mañana!
    tomorrow [tə'mɑro] adv
    : mañana
    : mañana m
    adv.
    • mañana adv.
    n.
    • mañana s.f.

    I tə'mɔːrəʊ, tə'mɑːrəʊ, tə'mɒrəʊ

    tomorrow morning/afternoon — mañana por la mañana/tarde, mañana en la mañana/tarde (AmL), mañana a la or de mañana/tarde (RPl)

    we'll see you a week from tomorrow o (BrE also) tomorrow week o a week tomorrow — te vemos de mañana en ocho días

    b) ( in the future) mañana, el día de mañana

    II
    noun (no art)
    a) ( day after today) mañana adv

    tomorrow is Monday/my birthday — mañana es lunes/mi cumpleaños

    b) ( future) mañana m

    they were spending money like there was no tomorrow — (colloq) estaban gastando dinero a troche y moche or a diestra y siniestra or (Esp) a diestro y siniestro

    [tǝ'mɒrǝʊ]
    1. ADV
    2) (=in the future) en el mañana, en el futuro
    2. N
    1) mañana f

    will tomorrow do? — (for piece of work) ¿lo puedo dejar para mañana?; (for appointment) ¿te conviene mañana?

    2) (=the future) mañana m, porvenir m
    * * *

    I [tə'mɔːrəʊ, tə'mɑːrəʊ, tə'mɒrəʊ]

    tomorrow morning/afternoon — mañana por la mañana/tarde, mañana en la mañana/tarde (AmL), mañana a la or de mañana/tarde (RPl)

    we'll see you a week from tomorrow o (BrE also) tomorrow week o a week tomorrow — te vemos de mañana en ocho días

    b) ( in the future) mañana, el día de mañana

    II
    noun (no art)
    a) ( day after today) mañana adv

    tomorrow is Monday/my birthday — mañana es lunes/mi cumpleaños

    b) ( future) mañana m

    they were spending money like there was no tomorrow — (colloq) estaban gastando dinero a troche y moche or a diestra y siniestra or (Esp) a diestro y siniestro

    English-spanish dictionary > tomorrow

  • 83 about

    1. adverb
    1) (all around) rings[her]um; (here and there) überall

    strewn/littered about all over the room — überall im Zimmer verstreut

    2) (near)

    be about — da sein; hier sein

    there was nobody about — es war niemand da

    3)
    4) (active)
    5) (approximately) ungefähr

    [at] about 5 p.m. — ungefähr um od. gegen 17 Uhr

    6) (round) herum; rum (ugs.)

    about turn!, (Amer.) about face! — (Mil.) kehrt!

    7)

    [turn and] turn about — (in rotation) abwechselnd

    2. preposition
    1) (all around) um [... herum]

    there was litter lying about the park/streets — überall im Park/auf den Straßen lag der Abfall herum

    2) (with)

    have something about one — etwas [bei sich] haben

    3) (concerning) über (+ Akk.)

    an argument/a question about something — Streit wegen etwas/eine Frage zu etwas

    talk/laugh about something — über etwas (Akk.) sprechen/lachen

    4) (occupied with)

    be quick/brief about it — beeil dich!; (in speaking) fasse dich kurz!

    while you're about it — da Sie gerade dabei sind

    * * *
    1. preposition
    (on the subject of: We talked about our plans; What's the book about?) über
    2. preposition, adverb
    1) ((sometimes round about) near (in place, time, size etc): about five miles away; (round) about six o'clock; just about big enough.) ungefähr
    2) (in different directions; here and there: The children ran about (the garden).) herum
    3) (in or on some part (of a place etc): You'll find him somewhere about (the office).) irgendwo in...
    4) (around or surrounding: She wore a coat about her shoulders; He lay with his clothes scattered about.) um
    3. adverb
    ((in military commands etc) in the opposite direction: About turn!) kehrt!
    - academic.ru/115262/be_about_to">be about to
    * * *
    [əˈbaʊt]
    I. prep
    1. (on the subject of, concerning) über + akk
    she had some misgivings \about the talk sie hatte wegen des Gesprächs Bedenken
    he often tells jokes \about dumb blonds er erzählt oft Blondinenwitze
    be quick \about it! beeil dich [damit]!, mach schnell!
    anxiety \about the future Angst f vor der Zukunft, Zukunftsangst f
    a book/movie/programme \about sth/sb ein Buch/ein Film/eine Sendung über etw/jdn
    what's that book \about? worum geht es in dem Buch?
    the movie is \about the American Civil War der Film handelt vom Amerikanischen Bürgerkrieg
    to have a discussion \about how/who/why... darüber diskutieren, wie/wer/warum...
    to have a phobia \about spiders eine Spinnenphobie haben
    to be happy \about sth sich akk über etw akk freuen
    to be sure [or certain] /unsure [or uncertain] \about sth sich dat einer S. gen sicher/unsicher sein
    he was still unsure \about what he should do er war sich noch immer nicht sicher, was er tun sollte
    we are now certain \about our decision to move wir haben uns jetzt endgültig entschlossen umzuziehen
    to ask sb \about sth/sb jdn nach etw/jdm fragen
    to be on \about sth BRIT ( fam) sich akk über etw akk auslassen
    to care \about sth/sb sich akk für etw/jdn interessieren
    I don't care \about your opinion! deine Meinung interessiert mich nicht!
    to dream \about sth/sb von etw/jdm träumen
    she always dreams \about winning the lottery sie träumt immer davon, im Lotto zu gewinnen
    to talk \about sth über etw akk sprechen
    all \about sb/sth alles über jdn/etw
    he taught us all \about biology wir haben von ihm alles über Biologie gelernt
    it's all \about having fun es geht einfach nur darum, Spaß zu haben
    2. (affecting) gegen + akk
    to do something \about sth etwas gegen etw akk unternehmen
    will you please do something \about the leaky tap? kümmerst du dich bitte mal um den tropfenden Wasserhahn?
    I can't do anything \about it ich kann nichts dagegen machen
    to do little/much/nothing \about sth wenig/viel/nichts gegen etw akk tun
    there's nothing we can do \about it dagegen können wir nichts machen
    to do nothing \about a problem ein Problem nicht anpacken, nicht gegen ein Problem vorgehen
    3. (surrounding) um + akk
    he takes little notice of the world \about him er nimmt von seiner Umgebung kaum Notiz
    to put one's arms \about sb jdn umarmen
    4. after vb (expressing movement)
    to wander \about the house im Haus herumlaufen
    to look \about the room sich akk im Zimmer umsehen
    5. (expressing location)
    she must be \about the place somewhere sie muss hier irgendwo sein; BRIT ( form)
    do you have a pen \about you[r person]? haben Sie einen Kugelschreiber dabei?
    6. (being a feature, characteristic of) an + dat
    what exactly didn't you like \about the play? was genau hat dir an der Aufführung nicht gefallen?
    there is a deep sadness \about him ihn umgibt eine tiefe Melancholie
    he has a way \about him that I don't like er hat etwas an sich, das mir nicht gefällt
    there's something strange \about him er hat etwas Merkwürdiges an sich
    7. (aimed at)
    ▪ to be \about doing sth beabsichtigen [o darauf abzielen], etw zu tun
    the takeover was not \about getting rid of competition die Übernahme sollte nicht die Konkurrenz ausschalten; BRIT ( fam)
    to be \about it gerade dabei sein
    could you make me some coffee too while you're \about it? wo Sie gerade dabei sind, könnten Sie mir auch einen Kaffee machen?
    9.
    ▶ to go \about sth (continue) mit etw dat fortfahren; (tackle) etw angehen
    how shall go \about solving this problem? wie sollen wir dieses Problem angehen?
    how do you go \about getting a fishing licence here? was muss man tun, wenn man hier einen Angelschein erwerben will?
    ▶ how \about sth/sb? wie wäre es mit jdm/etw?
    how \about a cup of tea? wie wäre es mit einer Tasse Tee?
    ▶ to know what one is \about ( fam) wissen, was man tut
    ▶ what \about it? was ist damit?
    is that your car? — yes, what \about it? ist das da Ihr Auto? — ja, was ist damit?
    ▶ and what \about us? und was ist mit uns?
    ▶ what \about your job? wie läuft es bei der Arbeit?
    ▶ what \about going [or a trip] to the zoo? wie wäre es mit einem Besuch im Zoo?
    II. adv inv
    1. (approximately) ungefähr
    he's \about six feet tall er ist ungefähr 1,80 m groß
    \about eight [o'clock] [so] gegen acht [Uhr]
    \about two days/months ago vor etwa zwei Tagen/Monaten
    2. (almost) fast
    I've had just \about enough from you! ich habe allmählich genug von dir!
    that's just \about the limit! das ist ja so ziemlich das Letzte!
    3. (barely)
    we just \about made it wir haben es gerade noch [so] geschafft
    he earns just \about enough to live on er verdient gerade mal genug zum Leben
    4. esp BRIT (around) herum
    don't leave things \about on the floor lass nichts auf dem Boden herumliegen
    some people were standing \about ein paar Leute standen so herum
    there's a lot of flu \about at the moment im Moment geht die Grippe um
    to be up [or out] and \about auf den Beinen sein
    to move \about herumlaufen, umherlaufen
    stop moving \about! bleib doch mal [ruhig] stehen!
    5. esp BRIT (in the area) hier, in der Nähe
    is Cathy \about? ist Cathy hier irgendwo?
    she must be \about somewhere sie muss hier irgendwo sein
    have you seen Peter \about? hast du Peter irgendwo gesehen?
    there was nobody \about es war keiner da
    6. ( form: opposite) andersherum
    to turn sth \about etw herumdrehen
    \about turn [or AM face]! MIL [Abteilung] kehrt!
    ▪ to be \about to do sth im Begriff sein [o gerade vorhaben], etw zu tun
    she was [just] \about to leave when Mark arrived sie wollte gerade gehen, als Mark kam
    he was \about to burst into tears er wäre fast in Tränen ausgebrochen
    we're just \about to have supper wir wollen gerade zu Abend essen
    I'm not \about to beg for his apology ich werde ihn bestimmt nicht um eine Entschuldigung bitten
    8.
    ▶ that's \about all [or it] das wär's
    anything else? — no, that's \about it for now wünschen Sie noch etwas? — nein, das wäre erst einmal alles [o das wär's fürs Erste]
    * * *
    [ə'baʊt]
    1. adv
    1) (esp Brit) herum, umher; (= present) in der Nähe

    to run/walk about — herum- or umherrennen/-gehen

    to be ( up and) about again —

    there was nobody about who could help — es war niemand in der Nähe, der hätte helfen können

    at night when there's nobody about — nachts, wenn niemand unterwegs ist

    where is he/it? – he's/it's about somewhere — wo ist er/es? – (er/es ist) irgendwo in der Nähe

    See:
    → out, turn, up
    2)

    to be about to — im Begriff sein zu; ( esp US inf

    he's about to start school —

    are you about to tell me...? — willst du mir etwa erzählen...?

    3) (= approximately) ungefähr, (so) um... (herum)

    he's about 40 —

    he is about the same, doctor — sein Zustand hat sich kaum geändert, Herr Doktor

    that's about it — das ist so ziemlich alles, das wärs (so ziemlich) (inf)

    I've had about enough (of this nonsense) — jetzt reicht es mir aber allmählich (mit diesem Unsinn)

    See:
    → just, round, time
    2. prep
    1) (esp Brit) um (... herum); (= in) in (+dat) (... herum)

    to sit about the house —

    there's something about him/about the way he speaks — er/seine Art zu reden hat so etwas an sich

    while you're about it —

    and be quick about it! — und beeil dich damit!, aber ein bisschen dalli! (inf)

    2) (= concerning) über (+acc)

    he knows about it — er weiß darüber Bescheid, er weiß davon

    what's it all about? — worum or um was (inf) handelt es sich or geht es (eigentlich)?

    he's promised to do something about it — er hat versprochen, (in der Sache) etwas zu unternehmen

    how or what about me? — und ich, was ist mit mir? (inf)

    how or what about it/going to the cinema? —

    (yes,) what about it/him? —

    he doesn't know what he's about — er weiß nicht, was er (eigentlich) tut

    * * *
    about [əˈbaʊt]
    A adv
    1. umher, (rings-, rund)herum, in der Runde:
    all about überall;
    a long way about ein großer Umweg;
    the wrong way about falsch herum;
    three miles about drei Meilen im Umkreis
    2. ungefähr, etwa, nahezu:
    it’s about time that … es ist an der Zeit, dass …; es wird langsam Zeit, dass …;
    and about time, about time too es wurde aber auch langsam Zeit;
    it’s about right umg es kommt so ungefähr hin;
    that’s about it, that’s about all das wärs; → just B 5
    3. (halb) herum, in der entgegengesetzten Richtung:
    be about SCHIFF klar zum Wenden sein; → face C 1, turn1 A 27
    4. be about to do sth im Begriff oder dabei oder auf dem Sprung sein, etwas zu tun;
    he was about to go out, when … er wollte gerade ausgehen, als …;
    not be about to do sth bes US umg nicht die Absicht haben oder nicht daran denken, etwas zu tun
    5. in der Nähe, da:
    6. be about umgehen (Krankheit):
    there are a lot of colds about at the moment zurzeit sind viele erkältet
    B präp
    1. besonders Br um, um … herum
    2. (irgendwo) herum in (dat):
    wander about the streets in den Straßen herumwandern
    3. bei, auf (dat), an (dat), um:
    have you got any money about you? haben Sie Geld bei sich?;
    there is nothing about him an ihm ist nichts Besonderes;
    have sth about one etwas an sich haben;
    he had a gun hidden about his person er hatte eine Pistole in seiner Kleidung versteckt
    4. um, gegen, etwa:
    about my height ungefähr meine Größe;
    about this time (etwa oder ungefähr) um diese Zeit;
    about noon um die Mittagszeit, gegen Mittag
    5. über (akk):
    what is it (all) about? worum handelt es sich (eigentlich)?
    6. beschäftigt mit:
    he knows what he is about er weiß, was er tut oder was er will;
    what are you about?
    a) was machst du da?,
    b) was hast du vor?;
    and while you’re about it und wenn du schon dabei bist
    C v/t SCHIFF ein Schiff wenden
    * * *
    1. adverb
    1) (all around) rings[her]um; (here and there) überall

    strewn/littered about all over the room — überall im Zimmer verstreut

    be about — da sein; hier sein

    3)
    5) (approximately) ungefähr

    [at] about 5 p.m. — ungefähr um od. gegen 17 Uhr

    6) (round) herum; rum (ugs.)

    about turn!, (Amer.) about face! — (Mil.) kehrt!

    7)

    [turn and] turn about — (in rotation) abwechselnd

    2. preposition
    1) (all around) um [... herum]

    there was litter lying about the park/streets — überall im Park/auf den Straßen lag der Abfall herum

    have something about one — etwas [bei sich] haben

    3) (concerning) über (+ Akk.)

    an argument/a question about something — Streit wegen etwas/eine Frage zu etwas

    talk/laugh about something — über etwas (Akk.) sprechen/lachen

    be quick/brief about it — beeil dich!; (in speaking) fasse dich kurz!

    * * *
    adj.
    etwa adj.
    gegen adj.
    um... adj.
    ungefähr adj. prep.
    über präp.

    English-german dictionary > about

  • 84 hanky-panky

    noun, no pl., no indef. art.
    (coll.) Mauschelei, die (abwertend)

    there's been some hanky-panky — es ist gemauschelt worden (ugs. abwertend)

    * * *
    [ˌhæŋkiˈpæŋki]
    n no pl ( fam)
    1. (love affair) Techtelmechtel nt fam
    3. (fiddle) Mauschelei f pej, krumme Geschäfte
    there was some \hanky-panky going on in the government in der Regierung wurde ganz schön gemauschelt
    * * *
    ['hŋkI'pŋkɪ]
    n (inf)
    1) (esp US: dishonest dealings) Mauscheleien pl (inf), Tricks pl (inf)
    2) (= love affair) Techtelmechtel nt (inf)
    3) (esp Brit: intimate behaviour) Gefummel nt (inf)
    * * *
    hanky-panky [ˌhæŋkıˈpæŋkı] s umg
    1. Hokuspokus m, Schwindel m, fauler Zauber
    2. Techtelmechtel n
    * * *
    noun, no pl., no indef. art.
    (coll.) Mauschelei, die (abwertend)

    English-german dictionary > hanky-panky

  • 85 fine

    I 1. adjective
    1) ((usually of art etc) very good; of excellent quality: fine paintings; a fine performance.) fin; smuk
    2) ((of weather) bright; not raining: a fine day.) fin; smuk; herlig
    3) (well; healthy: I was ill yesterday but I am feeling fine today!) have det fint
    4) (thin or delicate: a fine material.) fin; tynd; sart
    5) (careful; detailed: Fine workmanship is required for such delicate embroidery.) fin; detaljeret
    6) (made of small pieces, grains etc: fine sand; fine rain.) fin
    7) (slight; delicate: a fine balance; a fine distinction.) fin; tynd
    8) (perfectly satisfactory: There's nothing wrong with your work - it's fine.) fin; tilfredsstillende
    2. adverb
    (satisfactorily: This arrangement suits me fine.) godt
    3. interjection
    (good; well done etc: You've finished already - fine!) fint!
    - finery
    - fine art     II 1. noun
    (money which must be paid as a punishment: I had to pay a fine.) bøde
    2. verb
    (to make (someone) pay a fine: She was fined $10.) give en bøde
    * * *
    I 1. adjective
    1) ((usually of art etc) very good; of excellent quality: fine paintings; a fine performance.) fin; smuk
    2) ((of weather) bright; not raining: a fine day.) fin; smuk; herlig
    3) (well; healthy: I was ill yesterday but I am feeling fine today!) have det fint
    4) (thin or delicate: a fine material.) fin; tynd; sart
    5) (careful; detailed: Fine workmanship is required for such delicate embroidery.) fin; detaljeret
    6) (made of small pieces, grains etc: fine sand; fine rain.) fin
    7) (slight; delicate: a fine balance; a fine distinction.) fin; tynd
    8) (perfectly satisfactory: There's nothing wrong with your work - it's fine.) fin; tilfredsstillende
    2. adverb
    (satisfactorily: This arrangement suits me fine.) godt
    3. interjection
    (good; well done etc: You've finished already - fine!) fint!
    - finery
    - fine art     II 1. noun
    (money which must be paid as a punishment: I had to pay a fine.) bøde
    2. verb
    (to make (someone) pay a fine: She was fined $10.) give en bøde

    English-Danish dictionary > fine

  • 86 movement

    1) ((an act of) changing position or going from one point to another: The animal turned sideways with a swift movement.) bevægelse
    2) (activity: In this play there is a lot of discussion but not much movement.) bevægelse
    3) (the art of moving gracefully or expressively: She teaches movement and drama.) bevægelse
    4) (an organization or association: the Scout movement.) bevægelse: -bevægelse
    5) (the moving parts of a watch, clock etc.) bevægelig del
    6) (a section of a large-scale piece of music: the third movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony.) sats
    7) (a general tendency towards a habit, point of view etc: There's a movement towards simple designs in clothing these days.) bevægelse
    * * *
    1) ((an act of) changing position or going from one point to another: The animal turned sideways with a swift movement.) bevægelse
    2) (activity: In this play there is a lot of discussion but not much movement.) bevægelse
    3) (the art of moving gracefully or expressively: She teaches movement and drama.) bevægelse
    4) (an organization or association: the Scout movement.) bevægelse: -bevægelse
    5) (the moving parts of a watch, clock etc.) bevægelig del
    6) (a section of a large-scale piece of music: the third movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony.) sats
    7) (a general tendency towards a habit, point of view etc: There's a movement towards simple designs in clothing these days.) bevægelse

    English-Danish dictionary > movement

  • 87 species

    ['spi:ʃi:z]
    plural - species; noun
    1) (a group (of animals etc) whose members are so similar or closely related as to be able to breed together: There are se-veral species of zebra.) art
    2) (a kind or sort.) art
    * * *
    ['spi:ʃi:z]
    plural - species; noun
    1) (a group (of animals etc) whose members are so similar or closely related as to be able to breed together: There are se-veral species of zebra.) art
    2) (a kind or sort.) art

    English-Danish dictionary > species

  • 88 that

    1. adj
    цей, ця, це; той, та, те

    this book is interesting and that one is not — ця книжка цікава, а та — ні

    how is that leg of yours? — ну, як ваша нога?

    2. adv розм.
    так, до такої міри

    he was that angry he couldn't say a word — він був такий сердитий, що не міг вимовити й слова

    3. pron (pl those)
    1) це
    2) ось що
    3) те

    this is new and that is old — це нове, а те старе

    4) який, яка, які

    the letter that came yesterday — той лист, який прийшов учора

    the man that we are speaking about — це та людина, про яку ми говоримо

    5) коли

    the night that we went to the theatre — в той вечір, коли ми ходили до театру

    6) він, вона; той, та
    4. conj
    що; щоб; так, щоб

    that they were sisters was clear — те, що вони сестри, було ясно

    I'm sorry that this has happened — мені шкода, що так сталося

    come nearer that I may see you — підійдіть ближче, щоб я міг побачити вас

    oh that I might see you once more! — о, коли б я міг ще раз побачити вас!

    but that — коли б (якби, якщо б) не

    I would have gone with you but that I am so busy — я б пішов з вами, якби я не був такий зайнятий

    in that — оскільки, бо

    by that — тим самим, цим

    that's that — розм. нічого не вдієш; ось так

    that'Н do — досить, достатньо

    that won't do — так справа не піде; так не годиться

    now that — тепер, коли

    notwithstanding that — незважаючи на те, що

    * * *
    I
    pron (pl those) А dem
    1) це

    what is that — є що це таке?; that you, John? це ти, Джон?; are those your children є це ваші дітиє; це, цього е т. д.; от що

    that's just like her — це так на неї схоже, у цьому вона вся

    have things come to that — є невже до цього дійшло?; and so that is settled отже, це вирішено; эмоц.- підсил. ось, от

    good stuff that! — от це правильно /здброво/!; = от це я розумію!; у протиставленні this те

    this is new and that is old — це нове, а те старе

    2) викор. замість іншого слова або словосполучення, згаданих вище, щоб уникнути повторення заміняє групу іменника

    I have only two pairs of shoes and those are old — у мене тільки дві пари черевик, та е ті поношені; заміняє групу дієслова, эмоц.- підсил.

    they must be very curious creatures.- They are that — це, мабуть, дуже дивні створіння. - Так воно, є

    Fine art is that in which the hand, the head, and the heart go together — мистецтво - це така область, де руки, думки е душа єдині

    those who wish to go may do so — хто хоче, може піти; эліпт. той який

    work and play are both necessary to health. this gives us rest and that gives us energy, — праця е розвага необхідні для здоров'я - одне /перше/ розвиває енергію, інше /останнє/ дає відпочинок Б rel

    5) який, яка, які (звичн. йде безпосередньо за обумовленим словом; часто може бути опущене)

    this is about all that he has to say — це в основному все, що він може сказати

    the letter that came yesterday — той лист, що прийшов вчора

    the man (that) you were looking for has come — (т людина, яку ви шукали, прийшла)

    during the years (that) he had spent abroad — протягом ( тих) років, що він провів за кордоном

    the envelope (that) I put it in — ( той) конверт, у який я це поклав

    this is he that brought the news — от той, хто приніс цю звістку; у сполученні зі словами, що позначають час коли

    the night (that) we went to the theatre — у той вечір, коли ми ходили в театр; пoeт.; icт. те що, всі що, той хто, усякий хто ( обумовлене слово мається на увазі)

    6) у ввідних реченнях як не, хоч е

    wicked man that he was he would not consent to it — хоч, дурний він був, він не погоджувався на це; в окличних реченнях

    wretch that I am! — о я нещасний!, нещасний я!

    fool that he is! — ну е дурень же він!, дурень він нещасний! В пpикм.

    7) цей, ця, це; той, та, те

    since that time [moment, day, year] — з того /із цього/ часу [моменту, дня, року]

    that man will get on! — ця людина свого доможеться!; у протиставлення this той, та, те

    that here chair and that there table — ось цей стілець, он той стіл

    8) эмоц.- підсил. часто в сполученні із власним ім'ям цей, ця, це

    how is that leg of yours — є ну, як ваша ногає

    I don't like that house of hers — не подобається мені ( цей) її будинок; (зам. those) ці

    9) icт. такий, настільки, так

    he blushed to that degree that I felt ill at ease — він так /настільки / почервонів, що мені стало ніяково Г пpиcл. так, настільки

    I can't walk that far — я не можу йти так далеко; дiaл., aмep. стільки, так

    he is that sleepy — він такий сонний Д визначеного артикля

    10) той, та, те; цей, ця, це

    that part which concerns us — (т частина, що нас стосується)

    (and) that 's that — так-то от; такі-то справи; нічого не поробиш; отож, значить; на цьому крапка

    and all that, — все ( таке) інше;, так далі

    after that — після того, що; після того, як

    at that — після цього; потім; aмep. при всьому при тому; до того ж; поверх того на цьому

    and usually I leave it at that, — на атом я звичайно припиняю розмову

    by that — на той час; ( під) цим

    upon /with/that — коли; як ( тільки); після цього; при цьому; з цими словами

    that's a good boy!, that's a dear! — от, добре, правильно!, молодець!, розумник!

    like that — так; таким /подібним/ чином

    come out of that! — cл. забирайся!, вимітайся!

    take that! — на, тримай!, от тобі! ( при ударі)

    this and that — див. this

    II
    cj
    1) вводить присудкові, додаткові е аппозитивні придаткові речення (те) що

    that they were brothers was clear — те, що вони брати, було ясно

    the thought that he would be late oppressed him — думка, що він спізниться, гнітила його

    2) вводить придаткові додаткові реченяя е присудки із причинним відтінком значення що, тому що; тому що

    I'm sorry that this has happened — мені дуже шкода, що так трапилося

    3) вводить придаткову мету (часто so that, in order that) так ( щоб)

    let's finish now (so) that we can rest tomorrow — давайте закінчимо зараз, ( так) щоб завтра можна було відпочити

    they kept quiet so that he might sleep — вони сиділи тихо, щоб дати йому поспати

    4) вводить підрядне результату (звичн. з so, such y головному реченні) що

    I am so tired that I can hardly stand — я так стомився, що ледве стою; причини (звичн. після питального або заперечувального головного речення) що

    who is he- everybody supports him — є хто він такий, що всі підтримують йогоє; з'ясувальні що

    you have well done that you have come — ви добре зробили, що прийшли; необхідного наслідку або супроводу (звичн. після заперечувального головного речення) (без того) щоб

    never a month goes by that he does not write to us — не проходить, місяця, щоб він не написав нам

    6) вводить окличні речення, що виражають подив, обурення, сильне бажання щоб, що

    that one so fair should be so false! — така гарна, така брехуха!

    7) icт. вводить підрядне речення, паралельне попередньому підрядному, вжитому з іншим союзом; перекладається як союз першого підрядного

    although the rear was attacked and that fifty men were captured — незважаючи на те, що атака був проведена з тилу е незважаючи на те, що п'ятдесят солдатів були захоплені в полон

    8) icт. йде за рядом союзів, не змінюючи їхнього значення

    because that — тому що, тому що

    not that — не те щоб; наскільки

    not that it matters, but the letter has not been sent yet — я не хочу сказати, що це так вже, важливо, але лист усе ще не відправлений

    in that — тим що; оскільки; тому що

    some of his books have become classics in that they are read by most students interested in anthropology — деякі з його книг стали класичними, їх читають майже всі студенти, що цікавляться антропологією

    I would have gone with you but that I am so busy — я б пішов з вами, якби я не був так зайнятий; щоб не

    he is not such a fool but-that he can see it — він не так дурний, щоб не бачити цього; після негативних речень що

    I don't deny [doubt]bat that he is right — я не заперечую [сумніваюся], що він правий; не те щоб

    except that — крім того, що; не вважаючи того, що

    save that — icт. = except that [див. except 2]

    notwithstanding that — icт. хоча, незважаючи на те, що

    English-Ukrainian dictionary > that

  • 89 that

    I
    pron (pl those) А dem
    1) це

    what is that — є що це таке?; that you, John? це ти, Джон?; are those your children є це ваші дітиє; це, цього е т. д.; от що

    that's just like her — це так на неї схоже, у цьому вона вся

    have things come to that — є невже до цього дійшло?; and so that is settled отже, це вирішено; эмоц.- підсил. ось, от

    good stuff that! — от це правильно /здброво/!; = от це я розумію!; у протиставленні this те

    this is new and that is old — це нове, а те старе

    2) викор. замість іншого слова або словосполучення, згаданих вище, щоб уникнути повторення заміняє групу іменника

    I have only two pairs of shoes and those are old — у мене тільки дві пари черевик, та е ті поношені; заміняє групу дієслова, эмоц.- підсил.

    they must be very curious creatures.- They are that — це, мабуть, дуже дивні створіння. - Так воно, є

    Fine art is that in which the hand, the head, and the heart go together — мистецтво - це така область, де руки, думки е душа єдині

    those who wish to go may do so — хто хоче, може піти; эліпт. той який

    work and play are both necessary to health. this gives us rest and that gives us energy, — праця е розвага необхідні для здоров'я - одне /перше/ розвиває енергію, інше /останнє/ дає відпочинок Б rel

    5) який, яка, які (звичн. йде безпосередньо за обумовленим словом; часто може бути опущене)

    this is about all that he has to say — це в основному все, що він може сказати

    the letter that came yesterday — той лист, що прийшов вчора

    the man (that) you were looking for has come — (т людина, яку ви шукали, прийшла)

    during the years (that) he had spent abroad — протягом ( тих) років, що він провів за кордоном

    the envelope (that) I put it in — ( той) конверт, у який я це поклав

    this is he that brought the news — от той, хто приніс цю звістку; у сполученні зі словами, що позначають час коли

    the night (that) we went to the theatre — у той вечір, коли ми ходили в театр; пoeт.; icт. те що, всі що, той хто, усякий хто ( обумовлене слово мається на увазі)

    6) у ввідних реченнях як не, хоч е

    wicked man that he was he would not consent to it — хоч, дурний він був, він не погоджувався на це; в окличних реченнях

    wretch that I am! — о я нещасний!, нещасний я!

    fool that he is! — ну е дурень же він!, дурень він нещасний! В пpикм.

    7) цей, ця, це; той, та, те

    since that time [moment, day, year] — з того /із цього/ часу [моменту, дня, року]

    that man will get on! — ця людина свого доможеться!; у протиставлення this той, та, те

    that here chair and that there table — ось цей стілець, он той стіл

    8) эмоц.- підсил. часто в сполученні із власним ім'ям цей, ця, це

    how is that leg of yours — є ну, як ваша ногає

    I don't like that house of hers — не подобається мені ( цей) її будинок; (зам. those) ці

    9) icт. такий, настільки, так

    he blushed to that degree that I felt ill at ease — він так /настільки / почервонів, що мені стало ніяково Г пpиcл. так, настільки

    I can't walk that far — я не можу йти так далеко; дiaл., aмep. стільки, так

    he is that sleepy — він такий сонний Д визначеного артикля

    10) той, та, те; цей, ця, це

    that part which concerns us — (т частина, що нас стосується)

    (and) that 's that — так-то от; такі-то справи; нічого не поробиш; отож, значить; на цьому крапка

    and all that, — все ( таке) інше;, так далі

    after that — після того, що; після того, як

    at that — після цього; потім; aмep. при всьому при тому; до того ж; поверх того на цьому

    and usually I leave it at that, — на атом я звичайно припиняю розмову

    by that — на той час; ( під) цим

    upon /with/that — коли; як ( тільки); після цього; при цьому; з цими словами

    that's a good boy!, that's a dear! — от, добре, правильно!, молодець!, розумник!

    like that — так; таким /подібним/ чином

    come out of that! — cл. забирайся!, вимітайся!

    take that! — на, тримай!, от тобі! ( при ударі)

    this and that — див. this

    II
    cj
    1) вводить присудкові, додаткові е аппозитивні придаткові речення (те) що

    that they were brothers was clear — те, що вони брати, було ясно

    the thought that he would be late oppressed him — думка, що він спізниться, гнітила його

    2) вводить придаткові додаткові реченяя е присудки із причинним відтінком значення що, тому що; тому що

    I'm sorry that this has happened — мені дуже шкода, що так трапилося

    3) вводить придаткову мету (часто so that, in order that) так ( щоб)

    let's finish now (so) that we can rest tomorrow — давайте закінчимо зараз, ( так) щоб завтра можна було відпочити

    they kept quiet so that he might sleep — вони сиділи тихо, щоб дати йому поспати

    4) вводить підрядне результату (звичн. з so, such y головному реченні) що

    I am so tired that I can hardly stand — я так стомився, що ледве стою; причини (звичн. після питального або заперечувального головного речення) що

    who is he- everybody supports him — є хто він такий, що всі підтримують йогоє; з'ясувальні що

    you have well done that you have come — ви добре зробили, що прийшли; необхідного наслідку або супроводу (звичн. після заперечувального головного речення) (без того) щоб

    never a month goes by that he does not write to us — не проходить, місяця, щоб він не написав нам

    6) вводить окличні речення, що виражають подив, обурення, сильне бажання щоб, що

    that one so fair should be so false! — така гарна, така брехуха!

    7) icт. вводить підрядне речення, паралельне попередньому підрядному, вжитому з іншим союзом; перекладається як союз першого підрядного

    although the rear was attacked and that fifty men were captured — незважаючи на те, що атака був проведена з тилу е незважаючи на те, що п'ятдесят солдатів були захоплені в полон

    8) icт. йде за рядом союзів, не змінюючи їхнього значення

    because that — тому що, тому що

    not that — не те щоб; наскільки

    not that it matters, but the letter has not been sent yet — я не хочу сказати, що це так вже, важливо, але лист усе ще не відправлений

    in that — тим що; оскільки; тому що

    some of his books have become classics in that they are read by most students interested in anthropology — деякі з його книг стали класичними, їх читають майже всі студенти, що цікавляться антропологією

    I would have gone with you but that I am so busy — я б пішов з вами, якби я не був так зайнятий; щоб не

    he is not such a fool but-that he can see it — він не так дурний, щоб не бачити цього; після негативних речень що

    I don't deny [doubt]bat that he is right — я не заперечую [сумніваюся], що він правий; не те щоб

    except that — крім того, що; не вважаючи того, що

    save that — icт. = except that [див. except 2]

    notwithstanding that — icт. хоча, незважаючи на те, що

    English-Ukrainian dictionary > that

  • 90 imagination

    noun
    1) no pl., no art. Fantasie, die
    2) no pl., no art. (fancy) Einbildung, die
    * * *
    1) ((the part of the mind which has) the ability to form mental pictures: I can see it all in my imagination.) die Vorstellung
    2) (the creative ability of a writer etc: This book shows a lot of imagination.) die Phantasie
    3) (the seeing etc of things which do not exist: There was no-one there - it was just your imagination.) die Einbildung
    * * *
    im·agi·na·tion
    [ɪˌmæʤɪˈneɪʃən]
    n Fantasie f, Vorstellungskraft f
    this is all [in] your \imagination! das bildest du dir alles nur ein!
    use your \imagination! lassen Sie doch mal Ihre Fantasie spielen!
    lack of \imagination Fantasielosigkeit f
    not by any stretch of the \imagination beim besten Willen [o bei aller Liebe] nicht
    to catch sb's \imagination jdn fesseln [o in seinen Bann ziehen]
    to leave nothing to the \imagination für die Fantasie keinen Platz [mehr] lassen
    * * *
    [I"mdZI'neISən]
    n
    (creative) Fantasie f, Phantasie f, Vorstellungskraft f, Einbildungskraft f; (self-deceptive) Einbildung f

    to have (a lively or vivid) imagination — (eine lebhafte or rege) Fantasie haben

    he has little imagination — er hat wenig Fantasie

    in order to encourage children to use their imagination(s) — um die Fantasie von Kindern anzuregen

    to lack imagination — fantasielos or einfallslos sein

    it captures the imagination — es ist faszinierend

    * * *
    imagination [ıˌmædʒıˈneıʃn] s
    1. (schöpferische) Fantasie, Vorstellungs-, Einbildungskraft f, Fantasie-, Einfalls-, Ideenreichtum m:
    this is beyond my imagination das übersteigt meine Fantasie;
    he has no imagination er hat keine Fantasie, er ist fantasielos;
    she doesn’t leave anything to imagination sie überlässt nichts der Fantasie;
    use your imagination lass dir etwas einfallen!, lass deine Fantasie spielen; → academic.ru/10763/capture">capture A 5 c, stretch A 11
    2. Vorstellen n, Vorstellung f:
    in imagination in der Vorstellung, im Geiste
    3. Vorstellung f:
    a) Einbildung f:
    pure imagination reine Einbildung;
    maybe it was just my imagination vielleicht habe ich mir das alles auch nur eingebildet
    b) Idee f, Gedanke m, Einfall m
    4. koll Einfälle pl, Ideen(reichtum) pl(m)
    * * *
    noun
    1) no pl., no art. Fantasie, die
    2) no pl., no art. (fancy) Einbildung, die
    * * *
    n.
    Einbildung f.
    Phantasie -n f.
    Vorstellung f.

    English-german dictionary > imagination

  • 91 parking

    ['pɑːkɪŋ] noun, no pl., no indef. art. Parken, das

    ‘no parking’ — "Parken verboten"

    * * *
    park·ing
    [ˈpɑ:kɪŋ, AM ˈpɑ:r-]
    1. (action) Parken nt, Parkieren nt SCHWEIZ
    illegal \parking unerlaubtes Parken
    2. (space) Parkmöglichkeit f, Parkplatz m
    * * *
    ['pAːkɪŋ]
    n
    Parken nt

    there's no parking on this street — in dieser Straße ist Parken verboten or ist Parkverbot

    there's plenty of parking — es gibt genug Parkplätze

    "no parking" — "Parken verboten"

    "good parking facilities" — "gute Parkmöglichkeiten"

    "parking for 50 cars" — "50 (Park)plätze"

    * * *
    parking [ˈpɑː(r)kıŋ] s
    1. Parken n:
    “no parking” „Parken verboten!“;
    parking was very difficult es war schwierig, einen Parkplatz zu finden;
    is there parking on this side of the street? darf man auf dieser Straßenseite parken?
    2. Parkplätze pl, Parkfläche f:
    there is ample parking available es stehen genügend Parkplätze zur Verfügung
    P abk
    3. PHYS power;
    4. PHYS pressure
    * * *
    ['pɑːkɪŋ] noun, no pl., no indef. art. Parken, das

    ‘no parking’ — "Parken verboten"

    * * *
    n.
    Parken n.

    English-german dictionary > parking

  • 92 post

    I 1. noun
    1) (as support) Pfosten, der
    2) (stake) Pfahl, der

    deaf as a post — (coll.) stocktaub (ugs.); see also academic.ru/55524/pillar">pillar 1)

    3) (Racing) (starting/finishing post) Start-/Zielpfosten, der

    be left at the post — [hoffnungslos] abgehängt werden (ugs.); weit zurückbleiben

    the ‘first past the post’ system — das Mehrheitswahlsystem; see also pip V

    4) (Sport): (of goal) Pfosten, der
    2. transitive verb
    1) (stick up) anschlagen, ankleben [Plakat, Aufruf, Notiz, Zettel]
    2) (make known) [öffentlich] anschlagen od. bekannt geben

    post [as] missing — als vermisst melden

    Phrasal Verbs:
    II 1. noun
    1) (Brit.): (one dispatch of letters) Postausgang, der
    2) (Brit.): (one collection of letters) [Briefkasten]leerung, die
    3) (Brit.): (one delivery of letters) Post[zustellung], die

    the post has come — die Post ist da od. ist schon gekommen

    4) no pl., no indef. art. (Brit.): (official conveying) Post, die

    by post — mit der Post; per Post

    in the post — in der Post (see also c)

    5) (post office) Post, die; (postbox) Briefkasten, der

    take something to the post — etwas zur Post bringen/(to postbox) etwas einwerfen od. in den Briefkasten werfen

    2. transitive verb
    1) (dispatch) abschicken
    2) (fig. coll.)

    keep somebody posted [about or on something] — jemanden [über etwas (Akk.)] auf dem laufenden halten

    III 1. noun
    1) (job) Stelle, die; Posten, der
    2) (Mil.): (place of duty) Posten, der; (fig.) Platz, der; Posten, der

    take up one's post — (fig.) seinen Platz einnehmen

    last/first post — (Brit. Mil.) letzter/erster Zapfenstreich

    2. transitive verb
    1) (place) postieren; aufstellen
    2) (appoint) einsetzen

    be posted to an embassy — an eine Botschaft versetzt werden

    * * *
    I [pəust] noun
    (a long piece of wood, metal etc, usually fixed upright in the ground: The notice was nailed to a post; a gate-post; the winning-post.) der Pfosten
    - be first past the post
    - keep somebody posted
    - keep posted     II 1. [pəust] noun
    ((the system of collecting, transporting and delivering) letters, parcels etc: I sent the book by post; Has the post arrived yet?; Is there any post for me?) die Post
    2. verb
    (to send (a letter etc) by post: He posted the parcel yesterday.) mit der Post schicken
    - postage
    - postal
    - postage stamp
    - postal order
    - postbox
    - postcard
    - postcode
    - post-free
    - post-haste
    - posthaste
    - postman
    - postmark
    - postmaster
    - post office     III 1. [pəust] noun
    1) (a job: He has a post in the government; a teaching post.) der Posten
    2) (a place of duty: The soldier remained at his post.) der Posten
    3) (a settlement, camp etc especially in a distant or unpopulated area: a trading-post.) die Niederlassung
    2. verb
    (to send somewhere on duty: He was posted abroad.) versetzen
    IV [pəust]
    - the first/last post
    * * *
    [pəʊst, AM poʊst]
    I. n
    1. (pole) Pfosten m, Pfahl m
    concrete/iron/wooden \post Beton-/Eisen-/Holzpfosten m
    2. (in horse race)
    ▪ the \post (finishing post) der Zielpfosten, das Ziel; (starting post) der Startpfosten m
    3. ( fam: goalpost) [Tor]pfosten m
    to hit the \post den Pfosten treffen
    the ball hit the \post der Ball prallte gegen den Pfosten
    4. BRIT (mail) Post f
    by \post mit der Post
    is there any \post for me? habe ich Post bekommen?
    II. vt
    ▪ to \post sth etw [per Post] schicken
    2. (put into letterbox)
    to \post a letter einen Brief einwerfen
    3. (give notice)
    ▪ to \post sth etw [durch Aushang] bekanntgeben
    to \post sth on the [Inter]net etw über das Internet bekanntgeben
    to \post sth on the noticeboard etw am Schwarzen Brett aushängen
    to be \posted missing MIL als vermisst gemeldet sein
    4. FIN
    to \post an entry einen Posten buchen
    to \post losses Verluste buchen [o ausweisen]
    \posted price STOCKEX Listenpreis m
    * * *
    I [pəʊst]
    1. n
    (= pole, doorpost etc) Pfosten m; (= lamp post) Pfahl m; (= telegraph post) Mast m

    starting/winning or finishing post — Start-/Zielpfosten m

    See:
    → deaf
    2. vt
    1) (= display also post up) anschlagen

    "post no bills" — "Plakate ankleben verboten"

    2) (= announce) concert etc durch Anschlag bekannt machen; gains, profits veröffentlichen
    II
    1. n
    1) (Brit: job) Stelle f, Posten m

    to look for/take up a post — eine Stelle suchen/antreten

    2) (ESP MIL: place of duty) Posten m

    to die at one's post — im Dienst sterben

    3) (MIL: camp, station) Posten m

    a chain of posts along the border post exchange ( abbr PX ) (US) — eine Postenkette entlang der Grenze von der Regierung betriebener Vorzugsladen für Truppenangehörige

    to leave the post —

    4) (Brit MIL

    = bugle call) first post — Wecksignal nt

    5) (= trading post) Handelsniederlassung f
    2. vt
    1) (= position) postieren; sentry, guard postieren, aufstellen
    2) (= send, assign) versetzen; (MIL) abkommandieren

    to be posted to a battalion/an embassy/a ship — zu einem Bataillon/an eine Botschaft/auf ein Schiff versetzt or (Mil) abkommandiert werden

    he has been posted away — er ist versetzt or (Mil) abkommandiert worden

    III
    1. n
    1) (Brit: mail) Post® f

    by post — mit der Post®, auf dem Postweg (form)

    it's in the post — es ist unterwegs or in der Post

    to catch the post (letter) — noch mit der Post mitkommen; (person) rechtzeitig zur Leerung kommen

    to miss the post (letter) — nicht mehr mit der Post mitkommen; (person) die Leerung verpassen

    has the post been? — war die Post® schon da?

    2) (HIST) Post f
    2. vt
    1) (Brit: put in the post) aufgeben; (in letterbox) einwerfen, einstecken; (= send by post) mit der Post® schicken; (COMPUT) abschicken

    I posted it to you on Monday — ich habe es am Montag an Sie abgeschickt

    2)

    (= inform) to keep sb posted — jdn auf dem Laufenden halten

    3) (= enter in ledger also post up) eintragen (to in +acc)
    3. vi
    (old: travel by post) mit der Post(kutsche) reisen
    * * *
    post1 [pəʊst]
    A s
    1. Pfahl m, (auch Tür-, Tor)Pfosten m, Ständer m, (Telegrafen- etc) Stange f, (-)Mast m:
    near post FUSSB kurzer Pfosten;
    far post FUSSB langer Pfosten; → deaf A 1
    2. Anschlagsäule f
    3. SPORT (Start- oder Ziel) Pfosten m, (-)Linie f:
    be beaten at the post kurz vor dem oder im Ziel abgefangen werden
    a) Streckenpfeiler m
    b) Vertikalschicht f aus Kohle oder Sandstein
    B v/t
    1. auch post up ein Plakat etc anschlagen, ankleben
    2. eine Mauer mit Plakaten oder Zetteln bekleben
    3. etwas (durch Aushang oder in einer Liste) bekannt geben
    4. öffentlich anprangern
    5. FLUG, SCHIFF ein Flugzeug etc (als vermisst oder überfällig) melden:
    post a plane as missing (as overdue)
    6. US (durch Verbotstafeln) vor unbefugtem Zutritt schützen:
    posted property Besitz, zu dem der Zutritt verboten ist
    7. post a time of … SPORT eine Zeit von … erzielen
    post2 [pəʊst]
    A s
    1. MIL
    a) Posten m, Standort m, Stellung f:
    advanced post vorgeschobener Posten
    b) Standort m, Garnison f:
    post exchange US Laden für Truppenangehörige;
    post headquarters pl (oft als sg konstruiert) Standortkommandantur f
    c) Standort-, Stationierungstruppe f
    d) (Wach)Posten m
    2. MIL Br (Horn)Signal n:
    first post Wecken n;
    last post Zapfenstreich m
    3. Posten m, Platz m, Stand(platz) m:
    remain at one’s post auf seinem Posten bleiben; → first-aid
    4. Posten m, (An)Stellung f, Stelle f, Amt n:
    post of a secretary Stelle als Sekretär(in)
    5. Handelsniederlassung f
    6. WIRTSCH Makler-, Börsenstand m
    B v/t
    1. einen Polizisten etc aufstellen, postieren
    2. besonders Br einen Beamten etc versetzen, MIL einen Offizier etc abkommandieren ( beide:
    to nach):
    he has been posted away er ist abkommandiert worden
    post3 [pəʊst]
    A s
    1. besonders Br Post® f:
    b) Postamt n
    c) Post-, Briefkasten m:
    by post mit der oder per Post
    2. besonders Br Post f:
    a) Postzustellung f
    b) Postsendungen pl, -sachen pl
    c) Nachricht f:
    today’s post die heutige Post
    3. HIST
    a) Postkutsche f
    b) Poststation f
    c) Eilbote m, Kurier m
    4. besonders Br Briefpapier n (Format 16" x 20")
    B v/i
    1. HIST mit der Post(kutsche) reisen
    2. obs (dahin)eilen
    C v/t
    1. besonders Br zur Post geben, aufgeben, in den Briefkasten werfen oder stecken, mit der Post (zu)senden
    2. auch post up jemanden informieren, unterrichten:
    keep sb posted jemanden auf dem Laufenden halten;
    well posted gut unterrichtet
    3. WIRTSCH eintragen, verbuchen, ein Konto (ins Hauptbuch) übertragen:
    post up das Hauptbuch nachtragen, die Bücher in Ordnung bringen
    p. abk
    1. page S.
    2. part T.
    3. LING participle Part.
    4. past
    5. Br penny, pence
    6. per
    7. post, after
    * * *
    I 1. noun
    1) (as support) Pfosten, der
    2) (stake) Pfahl, der

    deaf as a post — (coll.) stocktaub (ugs.); see also pillar 1)

    3) (Racing) (starting/finishing post) Start-/Zielpfosten, der

    be left at the post — [hoffnungslos] abgehängt werden (ugs.); weit zurückbleiben

    the ‘first past the post’ system — das Mehrheitswahlsystem; see also pip V

    4) (Sport): (of goal) Pfosten, der
    2. transitive verb
    1) (stick up) anschlagen, ankleben [Plakat, Aufruf, Notiz, Zettel]
    2) (make known) [öffentlich] anschlagen od. bekannt geben

    post [as] missing — als vermisst melden

    Phrasal Verbs:
    II 1. noun
    1) (Brit.): (one dispatch of letters) Postausgang, der
    2) (Brit.): (one collection of letters) [Briefkasten]leerung, die
    3) (Brit.): (one delivery of letters) Post[zustellung], die

    the post has come — die Post ist da od. ist schon gekommen

    4) no pl., no indef. art. (Brit.): (official conveying) Post, die

    by post — mit der Post; per Post

    5) (post office) Post, die; (postbox) Briefkasten, der

    take something to the post — etwas zur Post bringen/ (to postbox) etwas einwerfen od. in den Briefkasten werfen

    2. transitive verb
    1) (dispatch) abschicken
    2) (fig. coll.)

    keep somebody posted [about or on something] — jemanden [über etwas (Akk.)] auf dem laufenden halten

    III 1. noun
    1) (job) Stelle, die; Posten, der
    2) (Mil.): (place of duty) Posten, der; (fig.) Platz, der; Posten, der

    take up one's post — (fig.) seinen Platz einnehmen

    last/first post — (Brit. Mil.) letzter/erster Zapfenstreich

    2. transitive verb
    1) (place) postieren; aufstellen
    2) (appoint) einsetzen
    * * *
    n.
    Amt ¨-er n.
    Pfosten - m.
    Post nur sing. f.
    Posten - m.
    Standpunkt m.
    Stelle -n f.
    Stellung -en (Posten) f. v.
    auf die Post geben ausdr.
    aufstellen v.

    English-german dictionary > post

  • 93 sort

    1. noun
    1) Art, die; (type) Sorte, die

    people of every/that sort — Menschen jeden/diesen Schlages

    it takes all sorts [to make a world] — (coll.) es gibt so'ne und solche (ugs.)

    all sorts of... — alle möglichen...

    she is just/not my sort — sie ist genau/nicht mein Typ (ugs.)

    what sort of [a] person do you think I am? — für wen hältst du mich?

    sort of — (coll.) irgendwie; (more or less) mehr oder weniger; (to some extent) ziemlich (ugs.)

    or something of the sort — oder so [etwas ähnliches] (ugs.)

    he is a doctor/footballer of a sort or of sorts — (derog.) er nennt sich Arzt/Fußballspieler

    we don't mix with people of that sort — mit solchen Leuten wollen wir nichts zu tun haben

    he/she is a good sort — (coll.) er/sie ist schon in Ordnung (ugs.)

    2)

    be out of sorts — nicht in Form sein; (be irritable) schlecht gelaunt sein

    2. transitive verb
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/91862/sort_out">sort out
    * * *
    [so:t] 1. noun
    (a class, type or kind: I like all sorts of books; She was wearing a sort of crown.) die Art
    2. verb
    (to separate into classes or groups, putting each item in its place: She sorted the buttons into large ones and small ones.) sortieren
    - sorter
    - of a sort / of sorts
    - out of sorts
    - sort of
    - sort out
    * * *
    [sɔ:t, AM sɔ:rt]
    I. n
    1. (type) Sorte f, Art f
    what \sort of day did you have? wie war dein Tag?
    what \sort of person is he/she? was für ein Mensch ist er/sie?
    is there any \sort of food which you don't like? gibt es irgendein Essen, das du nicht magst?
    ▪ to be sb's \sort person jds Typ sein fam; thing [nach] jds Geschmack sein
    I never thought he was her \sort ich hätte nie gedacht, dass er ihr Typ ist fam
    all \sorts of people alle möglichen Leute
    sb's favourite [or AM favorite] \sort jds Lieblingssorte
    I had a \sort of feeling that... ich hatte so ein Gefühl, dass...
    it's a \sort of machine for peeling vegetables and things es ist so eine Art Maschine, mit der man Gemüse und anderes schälen kann
    she's a very generous \sort really sie ist ein ausgesprochen großzügiger Mensch
    I know your \sort! Typen wie euch kenne ich [zur Genüge]! fam
    to be not the \sort to do sth nicht der Typ [Mensch] sein, etw zu tun
    4.
    ▶ nothing of the \sort nichts dergleichen
    ▶ of \sorts [or of a \sort] eine Art von, so etw wie
    he's an artist of \sorts er nennt sich Künstler
    ▶ to be [or feel] out of \sorts (not well, sick) sich akk nicht fit fühlen, nicht ganz auf der Höhe [o auf dem Posten] sein fam; (crotchety) nicht besonders gut gelaunt sein
    ▶ something of the \sort so etwas in der Art
    ▶ it takes all \sorts to make a world esp BRIT ( prov) es gibt solche und solche fam
    II. adv ( fam)
    ▪ \sort of
    1. (rather) irgendwie
    that's \sort of difficult to explain das ist nicht so einfach zu erklären
    it's getting \sort of late es ist schon recht spät
    the walls were painted \sort of pink die Wände waren in einem Rosaton gestrichen
    2. (not exactly) mehr oder weniger, so ungefähr, sozusagen
    is he inviting you? — well, \sort of lädt er dich ein? — mehr oder weniger
    III. vt
    ▪ to \sort sth etw sortieren
    I'm going to \sort these old books into those to be kept and those to be thrown away ich sortiere diese Bücher nach solchen, die ich behalte und solchen, die ich wegwerfe
    to \sort the mail die Post sortieren
    ▪ to \sort sth etw in Ordnung bringen
    can you \sort the car by tomorrow? können Sie das Auto bis morgen reparieren?
    3.
    ▶ sth \sorts the men from the boys an etw dat zeigt sich, wer ein ganzer Kerl ist fam
    IV. vi
    ▪ to \sort through sth etw sortieren [o durchsehen]
    * * *
    [sɔːt]
    1. n
    1) (= kind) Art f; (= species, type, model) Sorte f, Art f

    a sort of — eine Art (+nom), so ein/eine

    this sort of house — diese Art Haus, so ein Haus

    a silly sort of smile —

    I have a sort of idea that... what sort of — ich habe das or so ein Gefühl, dass... was für ein

    what sort of (a) man is he? — was für ein Mensch ist er?

    he's not the sort of man to do that — er ist nicht der Mensch, der das täte

    he's a painter of a sort or of sorts — er ist Maler, sozusagen

    he's some sort of administrator — er hat irgendwie in der Verwaltung zu tun

    he's got some sort of job with... — er hat irgendeinen Job bei...

    you'll do nothing of the sort! — von wegen!, das wirst du schön bleiben lassen!

    2)

    (= person) he's a good sort — er ist ein prima Kerl

    your sort never did any good — du und deinesgleichen, ihr habt noch nie etwas zustande gebracht

    it takes all sorts (to make a world) — es gibt so 'ne und solche

    3)
    4) (COMPUT) Sortieren nt, Sortiervorgang m
    2. adv

    is it tiring? – sort of — ist das anstrengend? – irgendwie schon

    aren't you pleased? – sort of — freust du dich nicht? – doch, eigentlich schon

    is this how he did it? – well, sort of — hat er das so gemacht? – ja, so ungefähr

    3. vt
    2)

    (= solve, organize) to get sth sorted — etw auf die Reihe bekommen

    4. vi
    1)
    2) (COMPUT) sortieren
    * * *
    sort1 [sɔː(r)t] s obs Los n, Schicksal n
    sort2 [sɔː(r)t]
    A s
    1. Sorte f, Art f, Klasse f, Gattung f, WIRTSCH auch Marke f, Qualität f:
    all sorts of alle möglichen, allerlei;
    all sorts of people got in touch with me die verschiedensten Leute setzten sich mit mir in Verbindung;
    it takes all sorts (to make a world) es muss auch solche (Leute) geben;
    all sorts of things alles Mögliche
    2. Art f:
    after a sort gewissermaßen;
    nothing of the sort nichts dergleichen;
    I won’t do anything of the sort! ich denke nicht daran!, einen Dreck werde ich tun! umg;
    what sort of a tree? was für ein Baum?;
    these sort of men umg diese Art Leute, solche Leute;
    something of the sort so etwas, etwas Derartiges;
    a sort of stockbroker umg (so) eine Art Börsenmakler;
    he’s a good sort umg er ist ein guter oder anständiger Kerl;
    he’s not my sort er ist nicht mein Fall oder Typ;
    he’s not the sort of man who … er ist nicht der Mann, der (so etwas tut etc)
    3. sort of umg ein bisschen, irgendwie (manchmal unübersetzt):
    she sort of boxed his ears sie gab ihm eine Ohrfeige;
    I sort of expected it ich hatte es irgendwie erwartet;
    he sort of hinted it er machte so eine (vage) Andeutung;
    I’ve sort of promised it ich habe es halb und halb versprochen;
    did they help you? - well, sort of (ja,) schon
    4. of a sort, of sorts pej so etwas (Ähnliches) wie:
    5. out of sorts umg nicht auf der Höhe oder dem Damm
    6. TYPO Schriftgarnitur f:
    out of sorts ausgegangen
    B v/t
    1. auch sort out Briefmarken etc sortieren, (ein)ordnen:
    sort o.s. out umg
    a) zur Ruhe kommen,
    b) sich einrichten,
    c) sich eingewöhnen
    a) auslesen, -sortieren, sichten:
    sort sth out from sth etwas von etwas trennen
    b) fig sich Klarheit verschaffen über (akk)
    3. sort out umg ein Problem etc lösen, eine Lösung finden für:
    the problem has sorted itself out das Problem hat sich (von selbst) erledigt
    4. sort out Br umg jemanden zur Schnecke oder Minna machen
    5. auch sort together zusammenstellen, -tun ( beide:
    with mit)
    C v/i
    1. sort through etwas durchsehen
    2. obs gut, schlecht passen ( with zu)
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) Art, die; (type) Sorte, die

    people of every/that sort — Menschen jeden/diesen Schlages

    it takes all sorts [to make a world] — (coll.) es gibt so'ne und solche (ugs.)

    all sorts of... — alle möglichen...

    she is just/not my sort — sie ist genau/nicht mein Typ (ugs.)

    what sort of [a] person do you think I am? — für wen hältst du mich?

    sort of — (coll.) irgendwie; (more or less) mehr oder weniger; (to some extent) ziemlich (ugs.)

    or something of the sort — oder so [etwas ähnliches] (ugs.)

    he is a doctor/footballer of a sort or of sorts — (derog.) er nennt sich Arzt/Fußballspieler

    he/she is a good sort — (coll.) er/sie ist schon in Ordnung (ugs.)

    2)

    be out of sorts — nicht in Form sein; (be irritable) schlecht gelaunt sein

    2. transitive verb
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Art -en f.
    Gattung -en f.
    Marke -n f.
    Sorte -- f.
    Sortierung f. (out) v.
    ordnen v.
    sortieren v. v.
    sortieren v.

    English-german dictionary > sort

  • 94 taste

    1. transitive verb
    1) schmecken; (try a little) probieren; kosten
    2) (recognize flavour of) [heraus]schmecken
    3) (fig.): (experience) kosten (geh.) [Macht, Freiheit, [Miss]erfolg, Glück, Niederlage]
    2. intransitive verb
    1) (have sense of flavour) schmecken
    2) (have certain flavour) schmecken (of nach)
    3. noun
    1) (flavour) Geschmack, der

    to taste — nach Geschmack [verdünnen]

    this dish has no taste — dieses Gericht schmeckt nach nichts

    leave a nasty/bad etc. taste in the mouth — (lit. or fig.) einen unangenehmen/üblen usw. Nachgeschmack hinterlassen

    [sense of] taste — Geschmack[ssinn], der

    3) (discernment) Geschmack, der

    taste in art/music — Kunst-/Musikgeschmack, der

    it would be bad taste to do that — es wäre geschmacklos, das zu tun

    in good/bad taste — geschmackvoll/geschmacklos

    4) (sample, lit. or fig.) Kostprobe, die

    have a taste of — probieren [Speise, Getränk]; kennen lernen [Freiheit, jemandes Jähzorn, Arroganz]

    give somebody a taste of something — (lit. or fig.) jemandem eine Kostprobe einer Sache (Gen.) geben

    5) (liking) Geschmack, der (in für)

    have a/no taste for something — an etwas (Dat.) Geschmack/keinen Geschmack finden

    have expensive tastes in clothes — etc. eine Vorliebe für teure Kleidung usw. haben

    be/not be to somebody's taste — nach jemandes/nicht nach jemandes Geschmack sein

    * * *
    [teist] 1. verb
    1) (to be aware of, or recognize, the flavour of something: I can taste ginger in this cake.) schmecken
    2) (to test or find out the flavour or quality of (food etc) by eating or drinking a little of it: Please taste this and tell me if it is too sweet.) probieren
    3) (to have a particular flavour or other quality that is noticed through the act of tasting: This milk tastes sour; The sauce tastes of garlic.) schmecken
    4) (to eat (food) especially with enjoyment: I haven't tasted such a beautiful curry for ages.) kosten
    5) (to experience: He tasted the delights of country life.) erleben
    2. noun
    1) (one of the five senses, the sense by which we are aware of flavour: one's sense of taste; bitter to the taste.) der Geschmackssinn
    2) (the quality or flavour of anything that is known through this sense: This wine has an unusual taste.) der Geschmack
    3) (an act of tasting or a small quantity of food etc for tasting: Do have a taste of this cake!) die Kostprobe
    4) (a liking or preference: a taste for music; a queer taste in books; expensive tastes.) der Geschmack
    5) (the ability to judge what is suitable in behaviour, dress etc or what is fine and beautiful: She shows good taste in clothes; a man of taste; That joke was in good/bad taste.) der Geschmack
    •
    - academic.ru/73500/tasteful">tasteful
    - tastefully
    - tastefulness
    - tasteless
    - tastelessly
    - tastelessness
    - -tasting
    - tasty
    - tastiness
    * * *
    [teɪst]
    I. n
    1. no pl (flavour) Geschmack m
    she still had the \taste of onions in her mouth sie hatte immer noch den Zwiebelgeschmack im Mund
    sense of \taste Geschmackssinn m
    to leave a bad \taste in the mouth ( fig) einen üblen Nachgeschmack hinterlassen
    2. (small portion/mouthful of food) [kleiner] Bissen
    just a \taste of cake for me, please für mich bitte nur ein kleines Stückchen Kuchen
    3. (liking, fondness) Vorliebe f
    I've never understood Liz's \taste in men ich habe Liz' Geschmack, was Männer anbelangt, nie verstanden
    these olives are an acquired \taste diese Oliven sind gewöhnungsbedürftig
    to be a question of \taste Geschmackssache sein
    to have different \tastes verschiedene Geschmäcker haben
    to have an expensive \taste einen teuren Geschmack haben
    to acquire a \taste for sth an etw dat Geschmack finden
    to get a \taste for sth Gefallen an etw dat finden
    to lose the \taste for sth den Gefallen an etw dat verlieren
    4. no pl (aesthetic quality/discernment) Geschmack m
    jokes about death are rather in poor \taste Witze über den Tod sind ziemlich geschmacklos
    to be a matter of [personal] \taste Geschmackssache sein
    bad \taste schlechter Geschmack
    to be in excellent \taste von exzellentem Geschmack zeugen
    to be in terrible \taste äußerst geschmacklos sein
    to have [good] \taste [einen guten] Geschmack haben
    5. no pl ( fig: short encounter) Kostprobe f fig
    to give sb a \taste of the whip jdn die Peitsche spüren lassen
    to have a \taste of sth einen Vorgeschmack von etw dat bekommen
    II. vt
    1. (perceive flavour)
    ▪ to \taste sth etw schmecken; (test) etw probieren [o geh kosten]
    I can't \taste anything ich schmecke gar nichts
    2. (experience briefly)
    ▪ to \taste sth luxury, success [einmal] etw erleben
    III. vi schmecken
    ▪ to \taste of sth nach etw dat schmecken
    to \taste bitter/salty/sweet bitter/salzig/süß schmecken
    to \taste like sth wie etw schmecken
    * * *
    [teɪst]
    1. n
    1) (= sense) Geschmack(sinn) m

    to be sweet to the taste — süß schmecken, einen süßen Geschmack haben

    2) (= flavour) Geschmack m
    3) (= small amount) Kostprobe f, Versucherchen nt (inf); (fig, as an example) Kostprobe f; (of sth in the future) Vorgeschmack m

    would you like some? – just a taste — möchten Sie etwas? – nur eine Idee

    to have a taste (of sth) (lit) — (etw) probieren or kosten; (fig) eine Kostprobe (von etw) bekommen; (of sth to come) einen Vorgeschmack (von etw) haben

    two years in the army will give him a taste of discipline —

    to give sb a taste of the whip he gave them a taste of his bad temper a taste of what was to come — jdn die Peitsche or Knute spüren lassen er gab ihnen eine (Kost)probe seiner schlechten Laune ein Vorgeschmack dessen, was noch kommen sollte

    4) (= liking) Geschmack m no pl

    she has expensive tastes in hats — was Hüte anbelangt, hat sie einen teuren Geschmack

    5) (= discernment) Geschmack m

    she has very good taste in furniture — was Möbel anbelangt, hat sie einen sehr guten Geschmack

    to be in doubtful taste —

    the house is furnished in impeccable taste — das Haus ist, was Geschmack betrifft, tadellos eingerichtet

    2. vt
    1) (= perceive flavour of) schmecken; blood lecken

    I can't taste anything —

    2) (= take a little) versuchen, probieren, kosten
    3) (= test) wine verkosten; food products probieren; (official) prüfen
    4) (fig) power, freedom, success, victory erfahren, erleben

    once the canary had tasted freedom... — als der Kanarienvogel erst einmal Geschmack an der Freiheit gefunden hatte...

    3. vi
    1) (food, drink) schmecken

    to taste good or nice — (gut) schmecken

    2)

    those who have tasted of the knowledge of Zen — diejenigen, denen die Weisheit des Zen zuteilgeworden ist (geh)

    * * *
    taste [teıst]
    A v/t
    1. Speisen etc kosten, (ab)schmecken, probieren (auch fig): → blood A 1
    2. essen, trinken:
    he had not tasted food for days er hatte seit Tagen keinen Bissen gegessen
    3. a) (in) etwas herausschmecken (aus), etwas schmecken (in dat)
    b) etwas schmecken:
    I’ve got a cold, I can’t taste anything
    4. fig kosten, kennenlernen, erleben, erfahren
    5. fig genießen
    B v/i
    1. schmecken (of nach):
    the soup didn’t taste of anything
    2. taste of fig riechen oder schmecken nach
    3. kosten, versuchen, probieren ( alle:
    of von oder akk)
    4. taste of fig → A 4
    C s
    1. Geschmack m, pl auch Geschmacksrichtungen pl:
    there was a sour taste in his mouth er hatte einen sauren Geschmack im Mund;
    have no (a funny) taste nach nichts (komisch) schmecken;
    I have no taste for … … schmeckt oder schmecken mir nicht;
    improve the taste of etwas geschmacklich verfeinern;
    leave a bad ( oder nasty) taste in one’s mouth bes fig bei jemandem einen üblen Nachgeschmack hinterlassen
    2. Geschmack(ssinn) m
    3. (Kost) Probe f (of von oder gen):
    a) kleiner Bissen, Happen m
    b) Schlückchen n:
    have a taste of sth etwas kosten oder probieren
    4. fig (of) (Kost)Probe f (gen), Vorgeschmack m (von):
    5. fig Beigeschmack m, Anflug m ( beide:
    of von)
    6. fig (künstlerischer oder guter) Geschmack:
    be a man of taste Geschmack haben;
    have expensive tastes einen teuren Geschmack haben;
    what are your tastes in music? welche Musik mögen Sie?;
    each to their taste jeder nach seinem Geschmack;
    a) geschmacklos,
    b) weitS. taktlos;
    a) geschmackvoll,
    b) weitS. taktvoll; → account B 3, matter A 3
    7. fig Geschmacksrichtung f, Mode f:
    today’s tastes pl der Geschmack von heute
    8. fig (for)
    a) Neigung f (zu), Vorliebe f, Sinn m (für):
    b) Geschmack m, Gefallen n (an dat):
    that’s not to my taste das ist nicht nach meinem Geschmack;
    that’s not to everybody’s taste das ist nicht jedermanns Sache;
    have a (no) taste for (keinen) Geschmack finden an
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) schmecken; (try a little) probieren; kosten
    2) (recognize flavour of) [heraus]schmecken
    3) (fig.): (experience) kosten (geh.) [Macht, Freiheit, [Miss]erfolg, Glück, Niederlage]
    2. intransitive verb
    2) (have certain flavour) schmecken (of nach)
    3. noun
    1) (flavour) Geschmack, der

    to taste — nach Geschmack [verdünnen]

    leave a nasty/bad etc. taste in the mouth — (lit. or fig.) einen unangenehmen/üblen usw. Nachgeschmack hinterlassen

    [sense of] taste — Geschmack[ssinn], der

    3) (discernment) Geschmack, der

    taste in art/music — Kunst-/Musikgeschmack, der

    it would be bad taste to do that — es wäre geschmacklos, das zu tun

    in good/bad taste — geschmackvoll/geschmacklos

    4) (sample, lit. or fig.) Kostprobe, die

    have a taste of — probieren [Speise, Getränk]; kennen lernen [Freiheit, jemandes Jähzorn, Arroganz]

    give somebody a taste of something — (lit. or fig.) jemandem eine Kostprobe einer Sache (Gen.) geben

    5) (liking) Geschmack, der (in für)

    have a/no taste for something — an etwas (Dat.) Geschmack/keinen Geschmack finden

    have expensive tastes in clothes — etc. eine Vorliebe für teure Kleidung usw. haben

    be/not be to somebody's taste — nach jemandes/nicht nach jemandes Geschmack sein

    * * *
    n.
    Geschmack m.
    Kostprobe f. (of) v.
    kosten v.
    schmecken (nach) v. v.
    kosten (Essen) v.
    schmecken v.

    English-german dictionary > taste

  • 95 widespread

    adjective
    weitverbreitet präd. getrennt geschrieben [Art, Ansicht]; groß [Nachfrage, Beliebtheit]; von vielen geteilt [Sympathie]

    become widespread — sich [weit] ausbreiten

    there was a widespread demand for reform — Reformen wurden allgemein gefordert

    * * *
    adjective (spread over a large area or among many people: widespread hunger and disease.) weitverbreitet
    * * *
    ˈwide·spread
    adj weit verbreitet
    there are reports of \widespread flooding in southern France es wird von großflächigen Überschwemmungen in Südfrankreich berichtet
    there is \widespread speculation that... es wird weithin spekuliert, dass...
    the campaign has received \widespread support die Kampagne stieß auf breite Unterstützung
    * * *
    1. ausgedehnt
    2. fig weitverbreitet
    * * *
    adjective
    weitverbreitet präd. getrennt geschrieben [Art, Ansicht]; groß [Nachfrage, Beliebtheit]; von vielen geteilt [Sympathie]

    become widespread — sich [weit] ausbreiten

    * * *
    adj.
    weitverbreitet adj. n.
    verbreitet adj.

    English-german dictionary > widespread

  • 96 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 97 Ackermann, Rudolph

    [br]
    b. 20 April 1764 Stolberg, Saxony
    d. 30 March 1834 Finchley, London, England
    [br]
    German-born fine-art publisher and bookseller, noted for his arrangement of the steering of the front wheels of horse-drawn carriages, which is still used in automobiles today.
    [br]
    Ackermann's father was a coachbuilder and harness-maker who in 1775 moved to Schneeberg. Rudolph was educated there and later entered his father's workshop for a short time. He visited Dresden, among other towns in Germany, and was resident in Paris for a short time, but eventually settled in London. For the first ten years of his life there he was employed in making designs for many of the leading coach builders. His steering-gear consisted of an arrangement of the track arms on the stub axles and their connection by the track rod in such a way that the inner wheel moved through a greater angle than the outer one, so giving approximately true rolling of the wheels in cornering. A necessary condition for this is that, in the plan view, the point of intersection of the axes of all the wheels must be at a point which always lies on the projection of the rear axle. In addition, the front wheels are inclined to bring the line of contact of the front wheels under the line of the pivots, about which they turn when cornering. This mechanism was not entirely new, having been proposed for windmill carriages in 1714 by Du Quet, but it was brought into prominence by Ackermann and so has come to bear his name.
    In 1801 he patented a method of rendering paper, cloth and other materials waterproof and set up a factory in Chelsea for that purpose. He was one of the first private persons to light his business premises with gas. He also devoted some time to a patent for movable carriage axles between 1818 and 1820. In 1805 he was put in charge of the preparation of the funeral car for Lord Nelson.
    Most of his life and endeavours were devoted to fine-art printing and publishing. He was responsible for the introduction into England of lithography as a fine art: it had first been introduced as a mechanical process in 1801, but was mainly used for copying until Ackermann took it up in 1817, setting up a press and engaging the services of a number of prominent artists, including W.H.Pyne, W.Combe, Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson. In 1819 he published an English translation of J.A.Senefelder's A Complete Course of Lithography, illustrated with lithographic plates from his press. He was much involved in charitable works for widows, children and wounded soldiers after the war of 1814. In 1830 he suffered "an attack of paralysis" which left him unable to continue in business. He died four years later and was buried at St Clement Danes.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    His fine-art publications are numerous and well known, and include the following:
    The Microcosm of London University of Oxford University of Cambridge The Thames
    Further Reading
    Aubrey F.Burstall, "A history of mechanical engineering", Dictionary of National Biography.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Ackermann, Rudolph

  • 98 go

    1. [gəʋ] n (pl goes [gəʋz]) разг.
    1. ход, ходьба; движение

    come and go - хождение туда и сюда /взад и вперёд/

    the boat rolled gently with the come and go of small waves - лодка мягко покачивалась на мелких волнах

    to be on the go - быть в движении /в работе/

    he is always on the go - он всегда в движении; он никогда не сидит без дела

    he has two books on the go at the moment - в настоящее время он работает (одновременно) над двумя книгами

    2. обстоятельство, положение; неожиданный поворот дел

    a near go - опасное /рискованное/ положение; ≅ быть на волосок от гибели /провала, разорения и т. п./

    here's a pretty go!, what a go! - ≅ весёленькая история!, хорошенькое дельце!

    it's a queer /rum/ go - странное дело

    3. попытка

    to have a go at - попытаться, рискнуть, попытать счастья

    she was staying for another go - она осталась, чтобы сделать ещё одну попытку

    let's have another go at this problem - давай ещё раз попробуем разобраться в этом деле

    he had several goes at the examination before he passed - он не смог сдать экзамен с первого захода

    4. 1) приступ
    2) порция ( еды или вина)
    3) что-л. выполненное за один раз
    5. сделка, соглашение

    it's a go! - идёт!, по рукам, решено!, договорились!

    6. разг. энергия, воодушевление; рвение; увлечение
    7. разг. успех; удача; успешное предприятие

    to make a go of it - амер. добиться успеха, преуспеть

    he is convinced that he can make a go of it - он уверен, что добьётся в этом деле успеха

    no go - бесполезный, безнадёжный

    it's no go! - не пойдёт!, невозможно!

    8. редк. походка
    9. ход ( в игре); бросок ( в спортивных играх)

    ♢ to give smb. the go - дать кому-л. сигнал или разрешение действовать; ≅ дать «добро»

    quite /all/ the go - последний крик моды; предмет всеобщего увлечения

    first go - первым делом, сразу же

    at a go - сразу, зараз

    the great [little] go - студ. последний [первый] экзамен на степень бакалавра гуманитарных наук ( в Кембридже и Оксфорде)

    he was a drag on me from the word go - с самого начала он был для меня обузой

    2. [gəʋ] a амер. разг.
    быть в состоянии готовности; работать (безотказно) (об аппаратуре и т. п.)

    you are go for landing - ≅ разрешается посадка

    she was suddenly in a go condition - она внезапно почувствовала, что готова ко всему

    3. [gəʋ] v (went; gone)
    I
    1. идти, ходить

    to go slowly [quickly] - идти медленно [быстро]

    to go slow - а) идти медленно, не торопиться; б) быть осмотрительным; [ср. тж. ♢ ]

    cars go on the road - по дороге едут /ездят/ машины

    to go upstairs [downstairs] - подыматься [спускаться] по лестнице

    they went over the river - они перешли /переправились через/ реку

    he went to visit /to see/ her - он пошёл навестить /проведать/ её

    to go in single file [in pairs] - идти по одному [парами]

    you go first - а) вы идите первым /вперёд/; б) проходите, пожалуйста; в) ваш первый ход

    2. направляться, следовать; ехать, поехать

    to go to the country - поехать за город /в деревню, на дачу/ [см. тж. ♢ ]

    to go abroad - поехать за границу [см. тж. ♢ ]

    to go to France [to London] - поехать во Францию [в Лондон]

    to go on a journey - поехать в путешествие; совершать путешествие

    to go for a ride /a drive/ - поехать /отправиться/ на прогулку (особ. верхом, на велосипеде, в автомобиле)

    to go on a visit - поехать /отправиться/ с визитом; поехать погостить

    to go to a party - пойти в гости /на вечеринку, на вечер/

    to go on a tour - а) отправиться /пуститься/ в путешествие; б) отправляться на гастроли /в турне/

    to go (some) places - амер. разг. ездить /ходить/ по разным местам

    3. 1) ездить, путешествовать, передвигаться (каким-л. способом)

    to go by land [by water] - ехать по суше [по воде]

    to go by train [by bus, by tram, by rail, by steamer] - ехать поездом [автобусом, трамваем, по железной дороге, пароходом]

    to go in a carriage [in a motor-car, in a ship, in a tram, in a trolley-bus] - ехать в экипаже [в автомобиле, на пароходе, в трамвае, в троллейбусе]

    to go on foot - ходить /идти/ пешком

    2) ходить, курсировать
    4. 1) уходить, уезжать

    we came at six and went at nine - мы пришли в шесть, а ушли в девять

    it is time for us to go - нам пора уходить /идти, уезжать/

    I'll be going now - ну, я пошёл

    I must be going now, I must be gone - теперь мне нужно уходить

    she is gone - она ушла /уехала/, её нет

    be gone!, get you gone! - уходи!

    2) отходить, отправляться

    when does the train go? - когда отходит поезд?

    the train goes from platform 5 - поезд отходит от платформы №5

    one, two, three - go!, ready, steady, go! - внимание... приготовиться... марш!

    5. 1) двигаться, быть в движении

    I'd prefer to sit the way the train is going - я бы предпочёл сидеть по ходу поезда

    to set smth. going - привести что-л. в движение

    2) двигаться с определённой скоростью

    the train was going (at) fifty miles an hour - поезд шёл со скоростью 50 миль в час

    to go at full drive /tilt/ - идти полным ходом

    6. 1) работать, действовать, функционировать (о машине и т. п.)

    my watch is going too fast [slow] - мои часы слишком спешат [отстают]

    the engine went beautifully all day - весь день машина работала превосходно

    how do I make the washing machine go? - как включить стиральную машину?

    2) жить, действовать, функционировать ( о человеке)

    he manages to keep going - он как-то тянет, ему удаётся держаться

    7. 1) тянуться, проходить, пролегать, простираться

    mountains that go from east to west - горы, тянущиеся /простирающиеся/ с востока на запад

    how far does the road go? - далеко ли тянется эта дорога?

    2) дотягиваться; доходить

    I want a rope that will go from the top window to the ground - мне нужна верёвка, которую можно опустить с верхнего этажа до земли

    8. 1) протекать, проходить

    time goes quickly - время идёт быстро /летит/

    vacation goes quickly - не успеваешь оглянуться, а отпуск кончился

    2) протекать; завершаться каким-л. образом

    how is the evening going? - как проходит вечер?

    how did the interview go? - как прошло интервью?

    I hope all goes well with you - надеюсь, что у вас всё хорошо

    how did the voting go? - как завершилось голосование?; каковы результаты голосования?

    nobody knows how matters will go - никто не знает, как пойдут дела

    what made the party go? - что обеспечило успех вечера?

    9. 1) исчезать; проходить
    2) исчезнуть, пропасть

    his hat has gone - у него исчезла /пропала/ шляпа

    where's my pen? It's gone (off my desk) - где моя ручка? Она исчезла (с моего стола)

    10. распространяться; передаваться
    11. передаваться (по телеграфу и т. п.)

    this message will go by mail /by post, in the post/ - это сообщение пойдёт по почте

    12. иметь хождение, быть в обращении
    13. (обыкн. to) идти (на что-л.); брать на себя (что-л.); решаться (на что-л.)

    to go to a lot of [great] trouble to do smth. - приложить много [массу] усилий, чтобы сделать что-л.

    he will not even go to the trouble of doing that - он не захочет даже и попытаться сделать это

    to go so far as to say that! - дойти до того, чтобы сказать это!

    14. 1) податься; рухнуть; сломаться, расколоться

    the platform went - трибуна рухнула /обрушилась/

    first the sail went and then the mast - сперва подался парус, а затем и мачта

    there goes another button! - ну вот, ещё одна пуговица отлетела!

    the fuse [bulb] went - перегорела пробка [лампочка]

    the engine in the old car finally went - мотор в старой машине окончательно пришёл в негодность

    2) потерпеть крах, обанкротиться
    3) отменяться, уничтожаться

    this clause of the bill will have to go - эта статья законопроекта должна быть отменена /не должна быть принята/

    whatever is not done yet must simply go - всё, что не сделано, придётся оставить как есть

    4) (обыкн. с must, can, have to) отказываться; избавляться

    the car must go, we can't afford it - от машины придётся отказаться, она нам не по карману

    15. 1) быть расположенным, следовать в определённом порядке
    2) храниться, находиться (где-л.); становиться ( на определённое место)

    where is this carpet to go? - куда постелить этот ковёр?

    3) (into, under) умещаться, укладываться (во что-л.)

    the thread is too thick to go into the needle - нитка слишком толстая, чтобы пролезть в иголку

    how many pints go into a gallon? - сколько пинт содержится в одном галлоне?

    4) (обыкн. to) равняться
    16. заканчиваться определённым результатом

    I don't know whether the case goes for me or against me - я не знаю ещё, удастся ли мне выиграть процесс

    which way will the decision go? - как всё решится?

    17. 1) гласить, говорить

    I don't exactly remember how the words go - я точно не помню, как это там сказано

    how does the story go? - что там дальше в рассказе?

    the story goes that he was murdered - говорят, что его убили

    2) звучать (о мелодии и т. п.)

    the tune goes something like this... - вот как, примерно, звучит этот мотив

    how does that song go? - напомните мне мотив этой песни

    ducks go❝quack❞ - утки делают «кряк-кряк»

    the guns went❝boom❞ - «бабах!» грохнули пушки [см. тж. III А 2, 4)]

    18. 1) звонить

    I hear the bells going - я слышу, как звонят колокола

    2) бить, отбивать время
    19. умирать, гибнуть

    she is gone - она погибла, она умерла

    my grandmother went peacefully in the night - моя бабушка тихо скончалась ночью

    after George went, she moved into a smaller house - когда Джордж умер, она переехала в дом поменьше

    he is dead and gone - разг. он уже в могиле

    20. 1) пройти, быть принятым
    2) быть приемлемым

    here anything goes - разг. здесь всё сойдёт; здесь ты можешь делать, что твоей душе угодно

    21. разг. выдерживать, терпеть
    22. справляться, одолевать
    23. ходить определённым шагом

    to go narrow [wide] - идти узким [широким] шагом ( о лошади)

    to go above the ground - уст. ходить, высоко подымая ноги

    24. спариваться
    II А
    1. 1) участвовать ( в доле)

    to go halves [shares, snacks, амер. fifty-fifty, уст. snips], to go share and share alike - делить поровну /пополам/; принять участие наравне (с кем-л.)

    2) амер. разг. ставить (какую-л. сумму); рисковать (какой-л. суммой)

    how much do you go? - а) сколько вы ставите?; б) на сколько вы спорите?

    2. 1) пропадать, слабеть (о слухе, сознании и т. п.)

    my voice has gone because of my cold - от простуды я потеряла голос /у меня сел голос/

    2) разг. износиться ( об одежде)
    3. редк.
    1) сохраняться ( о пище)

    butter goes better in the refrigerator - масло сохраняется лучше в холодильнике

    2) носиться (о ткани, одежде и т. п.)
    4. быть ритмичными ( о стихах)
    5. получать ( пособие)

    to go on the parish - получать приходское пособие по бедности, жить за счёт прихожан

    to go on the dole - получать пособие по бедности; перейти на пособие

    II Б
    1. to be going to do smth.
    1) собираться, намереваться сделать что-л.

    we were going to France but we changed our minds - мы хотели поехать во Францию, но передумали

    she is going to spend holidays at a rest-home - она решила провести свои каникулы в доме отдыха

    he is not going to be cheated - он не допустит, чтобы его обманули

    2) ожидаться (о каком-л. событии)

    I'm going to be sick! - меня сейчас вырвет!

    she felt she was going to be ill - она чувствовала, что заболевает

    2. to go and do smth. разг. взять да сделать что-л.; пойти и сделать что-л.

    to go and fetch smb., smth. - сходить за кем-л., чем-л.

    you've gone and torn my dress - ну вот, вы порвали мне платье

    there now! if I haven't gone and lost my ticket! - и надо же было мне потерять билет!

    3. to go about smth. /doing smth./
    1) заниматься чем-л.

    she went about her work with energy - она энергично занималась своими делами

    we must go about it carefully - а) это надо делать осторожно; б) за это надо браться осторожно

    2) приниматься за что-л.

    how does one go about getting seats? - что нужно делать, чтобы достать билеты /места/?

    he didn't know how to go about building a boat - он не знал, как подступиться к строительству лодки

    4. to go at smth. энергично взяться за что-л.

    let's go at this problem in a different way - давайте попробуем решить эту проблему по-другому

    he went at his breakfast as if he'd never eaten for a week - он набросился на завтрак так, будто не ел целую неделю

    5. to go at smb. набрасываться, бросаться на кого-л.
    6. to go against smth.
    1) двигаться против чего-л.

    to go against the tide - плыть против течения [см. тж. ♢ ]

    2) идти вразрез с чем-л., противоречить чему-л.

    she went against her mother's wishes - она не послушалась своей матери; она поступила наперекор своей матери

    3) юр. оспаривать что-л.; спорить против чего-л.
    7. to go against smb. быть против кого-л.; не подходить кому-л.

    it goes against me - это противно мне, это противоречит моим убеждениям

    8. to go behind smth. пересматривать, рассматривать заново, изучать (основания, данные)
    9. to go beyond smth. выходить за пределы чего-л., превышать что-л.
    10. to go by /on/ smth.
    1) судить по чему-л.
    2) руководствоваться чем-л., следовать чему-л.

    it is a good rule to go by - вот хорошее правило, которым следует руководствоваться

    I shall go entirely by what the doctor says - я буду делать всё, что говорит врач

    we were just going on what you yourself had said - мы как раз действовали в соответствии с тем, что вы сами говорили

    that's all the police had to go on to catch the killer - вот и все улики, которые были у полиции и по которым она должна была поймать убийцу

    11. to go after smth., smb. домогаться чего-л., кого-л.

    he is going after Jane - он ухаживает /бегает/ за Джейн

    12. to go for smb.
    1) разг. наброситься, обрушиться на кого-л.

    suddenly the lion went for his keeper - внезапно лев набросился на служителя

    my wife went for me because I was late for dinner - жена выругала меня за то, что я опоздал к обеду

    2) слыть кем-л.; быть принятым за кого-л.

    he went for an old man among the youth - молодёжь принимала его за старика /считала его стариком/

    3) разг. увлекаться кем-л.; влюбиться в кого-л.

    I don't go for men of his type - мне такие мужчины, как он, не нравятся

    13. to go for smth.
    1) разг. заменить что-л., сойти за что-л.

    this synthetic material may easily go for pure wool - эта искусственная ткань может легко сойти за чистую шерсть

    2) стремиться к чему-л.; добиваться чего-л.

    will you go for the prize? - ты будешь бороться за призовое место?

    when you offer him sweets he goes for the biggest one - когда ему предлагают конфеты, он всегда тянется за самой большой

    3) увлекаться чем-л.

    do you go for modern music? - вы любите современную музыку?

    14. to go for /at/ á certain sum of money продаваться по определённой цене

    to go for nothing - продаваться за бесценок [см. тж. II Б 15]

    the books went for a shilling [for so little] - книги были проданы за шиллинг [так дёшево]

    there were good coats going at £50 - по 50 фунтов продавали хорошие пальто

    going for £10!, going!, going!, gone! - продаётся за 10 фунтов!, 10 фунтов - раз!, 10 фунтов - два!, 10 фунтов - три! продано (за 10 фунтов)

    15. to go to /in/ smth. расходоваться, уходить на что-л.

    half our money goes on food and clothes for the children - половина наших денег уходит на еду и одежду для детей

    his time goes in watching television - он всё своё время тратит на телевизор

    to go for nothing - пропасть, уйти впустую [см. тж. II Б 14]

    16. to go to smth., smb.
    1) обращаться к чему-л., на кого-л.

    his eyes went to her - он взглянул на неё, он обратил свой взгляд на неё

    2) прибегать к помощи; обращаться (к кому-л.)

    to go to law /to court/ - обращаться в суд

    to go to law with smb. - возбуждать дело в суде против кого-л.

    17. to go to smth. становиться кем-л.

    to go to the stage - стать актёром, пойти в актёры

    to go to the streets - стать проституткой, пойти на панель

    to go to school - ходить в школу; стать учеником, учиться в школе

    to go to college [to the university] - стать [быть] студентом, учиться в колледже [в университете]

    18. to go to smb.
    1) быть проданным кому-л.

    the house went to the one who made the highest offer - дом продали тому, кто предложил самую высокую цену

    going to the gentleman in the third row! going, going, gone! - продано джентльмену в третьем ряду! продано - раз!, продано - два!, продано - три!

    2) доставаться кому-л.
    19. to go through smth.
    1) тщательно, пункт за пунктом разбирать что-л.
    2) проделать, сделать что-л.

    let's go through the rehearsal without any interruptions - давайте проведём репетицию без всяких помех

    3) пройти, быть принятым где-л. (о проекте, предложении)

    the plan must go through several stages - план должен пройти несколько инстанций

    4) испытывать что-л., подвергаться чему-л.

    the country has gone through too many wars - эта страна перенесла слишком много войн

    5) выдержать столько-то изданий ( о книге)
    6) обыскивать, обшаривать что-л.

    he went through his pockets looking for the key - он обыскал все карманы в поисках ключа

    7) растратить, израсходовать (состояние, деньги и т. п.)

    he quickly went through his fortune [his savings] - он быстро растратил /промотал/ своё состояние [свои сбережения]

    20. to go into smth.
    1) тщательно разбирать что-л., вникать во что-л.; расследовать, рассматривать что-л.

    to go into details /particulars/ - вдаваться в подробности

    2) избирать (профессию и т. п.)

    to go into business - избрать карьеру делового человека; стать дельцом

    to go into Parliament [into the Cabinet] - стать членом парламента [кабинета министров]

    3) вступить в организацию, стать членом общества
    4) надевать

    she goes into woollen stockings in September - с сентября она начинает носить шерстяные чулки

    21. to go before /to/ smb., smth.
    1) предстать перед кем-л., чем-л.

    you will go before the board of directors - вы предстанете перед советом директоров

    2) передавать на рассмотрение кому-л., чему-л.

    your suggestion will go before the committee - о вашем предложении доложат комиссии

    can this question go direct to the minister? - нельзя ли этот вопрос поставить непосредственно перед министром?

    22. to go with smb.
    1) сопровождать кого-л., идти вместе с кем-л.

    shall I go with you? - хотите я пойду с вами?

    2) быть заодно, соглашаться с кем-л.
    23. to go with smth.
    1) подходить к чему-л., гармонировать с чем-л.; соответствовать чему-л.

    the blue scarf goes well with your blouse - этот голубой шарф красиво сочетается с вашей блузкой

    2) относиться к чему-л., быть связанным с чем-л.

    five acres of land go with the house - продаётся дом с прилегающим к нему участком в пять акров

    3) быть связанным с чем-л.; соответствовать чему-л.

    the salary that goes with an office - жалованье, соответствующее занимаемой должности

    24. to go without smth.
    1) обходиться без чего-л.
    2) не иметь чего-л.

    to go without money - не иметь денег, быть без денег

    25. to go by /under/ á name быть известным под каким-л. именем

    to go by /under/ the name of... - быть известным под именем...

    he went under a pseudonym - он был известен под псевдонимом, он носил псевдоним

    26. to go under smb.'s name приписываться кому-л. ( об авторстве)

    that play generally goes under the name of Shakespeare - обычно эту пьесу приписывают Шекспиру

    27. 1) to go to make up smth. составлять что-л., входить в состав чего-л.

    items which go to make up the total - пункты, из которых складывается целое

    2) to go to the making of smth., smb. быть необходимым для чего-л., кого-л.

    what qualities go to the making of a pilot? - какие качества необходимы пилоту?

    dressings that go to making a good salad - приправа, необходимая, чтобы приготовить вкусный салат

    28. to go into á state приходить в какое-л. состояние
    29. to go into á condition входить в какое-л. положение

    to go into anchor - мор. становиться на якорь

    to go into the assault - воен. идти в атаку

    to go into bivouac - воен. располагаться биваком

    30. ... as smth., smb. goes... как что-л. заведено...;... как другие

    as things go - разг. при сложившихся обстоятельствах, как это водится, в нынешних условиях

    that's not bad as things go - при существующем положении вещей это не так уж плохо

    31. to go to show that... свидетельствовать

    it all goes to show that he cannot be trusted - всё это свидетельствует о том, что ему нельзя доверять

    your behaviour goes to prove that... - ваше поведение служит доказательством того, что...

    32. smth. is going иметься, продаваться, подаваться и т. п.

    come along, there are ices going - идём скорее, подают мороженое

    I'll have what's going - дайте мне, что у вас есть

    are there any jobs going? - здесь есть работа?

    are there any houses going? - здесь продают(ся) дома?

    III А
    1. в сочетании с последующим герундием выражает действие, соответствующее значению герундия:

    to go (out) hunting /shooting/ - отправляться /ходить/ на охоту

    to go out fishing [duck-shooting] - отправляться на рыбную ловлю [охотиться на уток]

    to go shopping - отправляться за покупками; ходить по магазинам

    he goes frightening people with his stories - он постоянно пугает людей своими рассказами

    don't go doing that! - разг. не смей делать этого!

    don't go saying that! - разг. не болтай ерунды!

    1) находиться в каком-л. положении или состоянии

    to go free - быть свободным /незанятым/

    to go hungry /empty/ - (вечно) быть /ходить/ голодным

    to go armed - быть /ходить/ вооружённым, носить оружие

    the differences between them go deep - их разногласия имеют глубокие корни

    to go in fear (of smth.) - жить в вечном страхе (перед чем-л.)

    to go strong - держаться, сохранять силу, не сдаваться

    to be six months gone (with child) - быть на седьмом месяце (беременности)

    to go native см. native II 2

    2) делаться, становиться

    to go bad - испортиться; сгнить, прогнить, протухнуть

    to go dry - высыхать, становиться сухим [см. тж. ♢ ]

    she /her hair/ is going grey - она седеет

    to go mad /mental/ - сойти с ума

    to go queer in the head - а) помешаться; б) почувствовать головокружение

    to go wrong - а) сбиться с пути, встать на ложный путь; ошибаться; поступать неправильно; б) не выйти, не получиться; в) испортиться, перестать работать; разладиться; г) испортиться, протухнуть ( о пище)

    he went hot and cold - его бросало то в жар, то в холод

    a man gone ninety years of age - человек, которому за 90

    to go Conservative - стать /сделаться/ консерватором

    to go apprentice - сделаться подмастерьем /учеником/

    3) оставаться в каком-л. положении

    to go unpunished - быть /оставаться/ безнаказанным

    to go free /scot-free/ - оставаться свободным

    4) издавать внезапный или отчётливый звук

    to go pop - выстрелить, грохнуть, бахнуть

    to go snap - треснуть; с треском сломаться

    to go flop - а) хлопнуться, плюхнуться; б) потерпеть неудачу, провалиться

    to go fut, to go phut - а) лопнуть; б) сорваться, провалиться, лопнуть; потерпеть крах, неудачу; кончиться ничем; в) испортиться, сломаться

    ♢

    to go to bed /to sleep/ - ложиться спать

    to go to bye-bye - детск. идти бай-бай

    to go the round of - а) совершать обход; б) циркулировать (о слухах и т. п.); переходить или передаваться из уст в уста

    to go foreign - мор. жарг. уйти в заграничное плавание

    to go far - а) хватить надолго; those potatoes won't go far when there are 10 people to feed - картофеля надолго не хватит, раз надо кормить целых десять человек; б) зайти далеко; перейти границы (принятого, допустимого); you've gone too far! - ну, это ты хватил!, в) многого добиться; the boy is clever and will go far - мальчик умный и многого добьётся

    to go a long /good, great/ way - а) далеко пойти; б) далеко зайти, хватить через край; в) хватить надолго, быть достаточным (о деньгах, продуктах)

    far gone - а) в последней стадии ( болезни); б) совершенно безумный; в) сильно пьяный; опьяневший

    as /so/ far as it goes - поскольку дело касается, что касается, что до

    it will go hard /ill/ with him - ему придётся плохо /туго/

    to go smb. better - превзойти /перещеголять, затмить/ кого-л.

    to go dry - амер. а) запретить продажу спиртных напитков; б) отказаться от употребления спиртных напитков; стать трезвенником; [см. тж. III А 2, 2)]

    to go wet - амер. а) разрешить продажу спиртных напитков; б) начать пить

    to go steady - иметь постоянного возлюбленного /-ую возлюбленную/

    to go bail - а) юр. становиться поручителем, поручиться или внести залог (за кого-л.); б) разг. ручаться

    go bail that... - ручаюсь, что...

    to go downhill - а) катиться по наклонной плоскости; б) ухудшаться (о здоровье, материальном положении)

    to go abroad - получить известность [см. тж. I 2], распространиться ( о слухах)

    to go to the country - распустить парламент и назначить новые выборы [см. тж. I 2]

    to go to Canossa - пойти в Каноссу, публично унижаться (перед кем-л.), испрашивая прощение

    to let /to leave/ go - а) выпускать из рук; б) (от)пускать, выпускать; освобождать; let me go! - отпустите меня!; в) пропускать; г) перестать думать, выбросить из головы

    let it go at that! - довольно!, будет!, пусть это так и останется!

    I've let my music go - я запустил музыку, я перестал заниматься музыкой

    to let judgement go by default - юр. заочно решить в пользу истца ( ввиду неявки ответчика)

    go easy /slow/! - осторожнее!, потише! [ср. тж. I 1]

    to go easy on smth. - амер. быть тактичным в отношении чего-л.; проявлять осторожность в отношении чего-л.

    to go solid - амер. полит. жарг. придерживаться одного мнения, действовать единодушно

    to be going some - амер. быстро /успешно/ продвигаться вперёд

    to be going strong - а) быть полным сил; процветать; б) поступать безрассудно /опрометчиво/

    to go one's (own) way /gate/ - идти своим путём, действовать самостоятельно, поступать по-своему

    to go with the current /the tide, the stream, the crowd/ - плыть по течению

    to go with the times /the tides/ - идти в ногу со временем

    to go against the stream /the tide/ - а) идти /плыть/ против течения; б) работать в неблагоприятных условиях; действовать, преодолевая сопротивление /оппозицию/; [см. тж. II Б 6 1)]

    to go on one's marks - спорт. выходить на старт

    as you go!, as she goes! - мор. так держать!

    to go down the drain - быть истраченным впустую [см. тж. drain I ♢ ]

    to go over the top - а) воен. разг. идти в атаку ( из траншей); б) ринуться в атаку, начать решительно действовать, сделать решительный шаг

    to let oneself go - дать волю своим чувствам; разойтись, увлечься

    to go off the deep end - а) волноваться, приходить в возбуждение; б) амер. действовать сгоряча, принять необдуманное решение

    to go out of one's mind /senses/ - а) сойти с ума, рехнуться, лишиться рассудка; б) быть вне себя от волнения

    to go off one's head /груб. chump, nut/, to go round the bend - сойти с ума, помешаться, рехнуться, спятить; обезуметь, вести себя как безумный

    to go off at a tangent - сорваться, странно себя повести или высказаться

    to go off the hooks - а) умереть, протянуть ноги; б) сойти с ума, рехнуться, спятить; в) сбиться с пути, свихнуться

    to go out of the world - умереть, покинуть бренный мир

    to go the way of all the earth /flesh/, to go beyond the veil, to go home, to go to one's last /long/ home, to go to glory, to go to heaven, to go to one's long rest, to go to one's own place, to go over to the majority умереть, скончаться, разделить участь всех смертных, отправиться на тот свет, отправиться к праотцам, уйти на покой, покинуть этот бренный мир

    to go west - а) закатываться ( о солнце); б) умереть, скончаться; в) исчезнуть, пропасть

    to go (all) to pieces /rack and ruin, smash/ - а) развалиться; разбиться вдребезги, разлететься на части /на куски/; б) подорвать своё здоровье, выйти из строя; в) обанкротиться; вылететь в трубу; трещать по всем швам; г) погибнуть, пропасть

    to go to blazes /to hell, to pot, to the devil, to the dogs/, to go to pigs and whistles - разориться; погибнуть; вылететь в трубу; провалиться, пойти ко всем чертям, пойти прахом

    go to blazes /to Bath, to hell, to Jericho, to pot, to the devil, to thunder, to Hanover, to Halifax, to Putney, to Tunbridge, to grass/! - пошёл к чёрту!, убирайся к чёрту!

    go fly a kite!, go jump in the lake!, go lay an egg!, go lay a brick!, go sit on a tack - амер. груб. проваливай!, не мешай!

    to go the pace - а) мчаться, нестись во весь опор; б) прожигать жизнь, вести бурный образ жизни

    to go all out - а) напрягать все силы, стараться изо всех сил; ≅ из кожи вон лезть; б) бежать изо всех сил

    to go out of hand - а) выходить из повиновения; б) действовать тотчас же /немедленно, без подготовки/; в) амер. действовать опрометчиво /необдуманно, неосторожно/; проявлять несдержанность; г) завершать, оканчивать

    to go all /to great/ lengths - идти на всё

    to go the whole hog - а) делать (что-л.) основательно, доводить ( дело) до конца; б) ни перед чем не останавливаться, идти на всё

    to go (home) to smb.'s heart - опечалить /огорчить/ кого-л.

    to go home - а) доходить до сердца; найти отклик в душе; б) доходить до сознания

    to go on a bat /the batter, the bend, the bust, the spree, the razzle-dazzle/ - закутить, запить, загулять

    go while the going's good - убирайтесь подобру-поздорову /пока не поздно/

    to go it - а) действовать энергично; прилагать все усилия; б) говорить очень откровенно; в) обрушивать артиллерийский огонь

    go it! - ≅ давай, давай!, валяй! ( выражает поощрение к действию)

    to go it alone - действовать в одиночку, брать на себя всю ответственность

    if no one can help, I'll go it alone - если никто не может помочь, я буду действовать сам /я сделаю всё сам/

    to go it blind - действовать вслепую; поступать опрометчиво

    go along with you! - а) проваливайте!; убирайтесь; б) хватит!, не несите вздора!

    there you go! - ну (вот) поехал(а)!, опять (выражает досаду, недовольство)

    there he [she] goes! - ≅ полюбуйтесь на него [на неё]!, хорош [хороша]!, как разошёлся [разошлась]!, нечего сказать!, ну и картина! ( восклицание удивления или неодобрения)

    don't you go all polite on me! - откуда такая вежливость?

    there it goes! - ≅ смотри(те)!, слушай(те)! (восклицание, чтобы привлечь внимание слушателя)

    here goes! - а) ну, начали!; б) была не была!

    go by! - карт. пас!

    that /it/ goes for all of us - тут мы все заодно; мы все так считаем /думаем/

    it /that/ goes without saying - само собой разумеется, совершенно очевидно

    how goes it? - как дела?; как поживаете?; что слышно новенького?

    how goes the world with you? - как идут у вас дела?

    to go a-begging /begging/ - а) не иметь спроса /рынка/; б) быть вакантным ( о должности)

    to go a-wool-gathering - быть рассеянным, витать в облаках

    to go against the grain /the hair/ - быть не по вкусу /не по душе, не по нутру/; раздражать

    to go to seed - а) пойти в семена; перестать развиваться; б) прийти в упадок; в) морально опуститься

    go like this with your left foot! - сделай левой ногой так!

    to go like blazes - мчаться, нестись во весь опор

    to go like sixty /split/ - амер. мчаться, нестись во весь опор

    НБАРС > go

  • 99 any

    1. adjective
    1) (some)

    have you any wool/any statement to make? — haben Sie Wolle/[irgend]eine Erklärung abzugeben?

    if you have any difficulties — wenn du irgendwelche Schwierigkeiten hast

    not any — kein/keine

    without any — ohne jeden/jede/jedes

    have you any idea of the time? — hast du eine Ahnung, wie spät es ist?

    2) (one) ein/eine
    3) (all) jeder/jede/jedes

    to avoid any delay — um jede Verzögerung zu vermeiden

    4) (every) jeder/jede/jedes

    any time I went there — jedes Mal od. immer, wenn ich dort hinging

    [at] any time — jederzeit

    [at] any time of day — zu jeder Tageszeit

    5) (whichever) jeder/jede/jedes [beliebige]

    choose any [one] book/any books you like — suchen Sie sich (Dat.) irgendein Buch/irgendwelche Bücher aus

    do it any way you like — machen Sie es, wie immer Sie wollen

    [at] any time [now] — jederzeit

    any day/minute [now] — jeden Tag/jede Minute

    you can count on him any time — (coll.) du kannst dich jederzeit auf ihn verlassen

    I'd prefer Mozart any day — (coll.) ich würde Mozart allemal (ugs.) od. jederzeit vorziehen

    not [just] any house — nicht irgendein beliebiges Haus

    take any amount you wish — nehmen Sie, soviel Sie wollen

    6) (an appreciable) ein nennenswerter/eine nennenswerte/ein nennenswertes
    2. pronoun
    1) (some) in condit., interrog., or neg. sentence (replacing sing. n.) einer/eine/ein[e]s; (replacing collect. n.) welcher/welche/welches; (replacing pl. n.) welche

    not any — keiner/keine/kein[e]s/Pl. keine

    I need to buy some sugar, we haven't got any at the moment — ich muss Zucker kaufen, wir haben im Augenblick keinen

    Here are some sweets. Would you like any? — Hier sind ein paar Bonbons. Möchtest du welche?

    hardly any — kaum welche/etwas

    do you have any of them in stock? — haben Sie [irgend]welche davon vorrätig?

    he is not having any of it — (fig. coll.) er will nichts davon wissen

    2) (no matter which) irgendeiner / irgendeine / irgendein[e]s/irgendwelche Pl.
    3. adverb

    do you feel any better today? — fühlen Sie sich heute [etwas] besser?

    he didn't seem any [the] wiser after that — danach schien er auch nicht klüger zu sein

    I can't wait any longer — ich kann nicht [mehr] länger warten

    * * *
    ['eni] 1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (one, some, no matter which: `Which dress shall I wear?' `Wear any (dress)'; `Which dresses shall I pack?' `Pack any (dresses)'.) irgendeiner/irgendeine/irgendeines
    2) ((in questions and negative sentences etc) one, some: John has been to some interesting places but I've never been to any; Have you been to any interesting places?; We have hardly any coffee left.) irgendwelcher/irgendwelche/irgendwelches
    2. adjective
    (every: Any schoolboy could tell you the answer.) jeder/jede/jedes
    3. adverb
    (at all; (even) by a small amount: Is this book any better than the last one?; His writing hasn't improved any.) irgendwie
    - academic.ru/3049/anybody">anybody
    - anyone
    - anyhow
    - anything
    - anyway
    - anywhere
    - at any rate
    - in any case
    * * *
    [eni, əni]
    I. adj inv, attr
    1. (in questions) [irgend]ein(e); (with uncountables) etwas
    do you have \any children/brothers and sisters? haben Sie Kinder/Geschwister?
    did you notice \any changes? hast du irgendwelche Veränderungen bemerkt?
    do you have \any problems? haben Sie [irgendwelche] Probleme?
    do you have [or have you got] \any basil? hätten Sie vielleicht etwas Basilikum?
    \any news about your application? hast du schon [irgend]etwas wegen deiner Bewerbung gehört?
    I don't think there'll be \any snow this Christmas ich glaube nicht, dass es dieses Jahr an Weihnachten schneien wird
    there wasn't \any butter in the house es war keine Butter im Haus
    you mustn't do that on \any account du darfst das auf gar keinen Fall tun
    3. (conditional) [irgend]ein(e); (with uncountables) etwas
    if you had \any friends, you would know what I mean wenn du Freunde hättest, wüsstest du, was ich meine
    if I had \any money, I would not hesitate wenn ich [etwas] Geld hätte, würde ich nicht zögern
    if she had \any experience, I'd give her the job wenn sie wenigstens etwas Erfahrung hätte, würde ich sie einstellen
    if you had \any time to spare, you could join us wenn du Zeit hast, kannst du ja nachkommen
    \any [at all] [irgend]ein(e)
    if I had \any plan at all, you'd be the first to know wenn ich auch nur irgendeinen Plan hätte, würdest du es als Erster erfahren
    if there had been \any pedestrians I could have asked, I wouldn't have got lost wenn da irgendwelche Passanten gewesen wären, die ich hätte fragen können, hätte ich mich nicht verirrt
    very few people, if \any, still remember him es gibt, wenn überhaupt, nur noch sehr wenige Menschen, die sich an ihn erinnern
    if it's of \any help [at all] to you, I could talk to your boss wenn dir das irgendwie hilft, könnte ich ja mal mit deinem Chef sprechen
    4. (every) jede(r, s); (all) alle
    I love \any form of chocolate ich liebe jede Art von Schokolade
    absolutely \any food would be better than nothing at all wirklich [o absolut] jedes Essen wäre besser als überhaupt nichts
    \any complaints should be addressed to the hotel manager jegliche [o alle] Beschwerden sind an den Hoteldirektor zu richten
    ring me up \any time du kannst mich jederzeit anrufen
    in \any case, at \any rate ( fam: whatever happens) auf jeden Fall; (above and beyond that) überhaupt
    there's nothing on at the cinema and in \any case it's far too cold es läuft nichts im Kino und außerdem ist es sowieso viel zu kalt
    \any minute jeden Augenblick
    \any minute now he's going to go crazy ( fam) er wird jeden Augenblick ausflippen
    \any day/moment jeden Tag/Moment
    \any time now jederzeit
    at \any one time zu jeder Zeit
    5. (whichever you like) jede(r, s) [beliebige]; (with uncountables, pl n) alle; (not important which) irgendein(e); (with pl n) irgendwelche
    you could choose \any three items of clothing [you liked] man konnte sich drei Kleidungsstücke nach Belieben aussuchen
    you can borrow \any books [you want] du kannst dir alle Bücher ausleihen, die du möchtest
    \any number beliebig viele
    you can take \any number of books [you want] du kannst beliebig viele Bücher mitnehmen
    take \any trousers from my wardrobe nimm einfach irgendeine Hose aus meinem Schrank
    \any old ( fam) jede(r, s) x-beliebige fam
    I can't wear just \any old thing to my brother's wedding ich kann nicht jedes x-beliebige Teil zur Hochzeit meines Bruders tragen! fam
    II. pron
    1. (some of many) welche; (one of many) eine(r, s)
    are \any of those pictures over there yours? sind von den Bildern da drüben welche von dir?
    have you seen \any of his films? hast du schon einen seiner Filme gesehen?
    do you have \any [at all]? haben Sie [überhaupt] welche?
    did \any of you hear anything? hat jemand von euch etwas gehört?
    2. (some of a quantity) welche(r, s)
    do you have \any basil? — I'm sorry, there isn't \any left hast du Basilikum? — ich fürchte, es ist keines mehr da
    if there's \any left, throw it away wenn noch was übrig ist, wirf es weg
    \any at all überhaupt welche(r, s)
    hardly \any kaum etwas
    ▪ \any of sth etwas von etw dat
    is there \any of that lemon cake left? ist noch etwas von dem Zitronenkuchen übrig?
    we've got one copy here but we don't have \any to sell wir haben hier ein Exemplar, aber zum Verkaufen haben wir keine
    I haven't seen \any of his films ich habe keinen seiner Filme gesehen
    don't you have \any at all haben Sie denn überhaupt keine?
    not \any at all überhaupt keine(r, s)
    you've eaten all the chocolate without leaving \any for me! du hast die ganze Schokolade gegessen und mir nichts übrig gelassen!
    4. (each) jede(r, s); (all) alle
    we're happy to welcome each and \any who wants to take part wir freuen uns über jeden Einzelnen, der mitmachen möchte
    \any of the cars/dresses jedes der Autos/Kleider
    have you got some gloves for me? — \any I have are torn hast du ein Paar Handschuhe für mich? — alle, die ich habe, sind zerschlissen
    5. (no important which) irgendeine(r, s); (replacing pl n) irgendwelche; (whichever you like) jede(r, s) [beliebige]; (replacing pl n) alle
    I need someone to give me a hand — \any of you will do einer muss mir zur Hand gehen — egal wer von euch
    which screws would you like? — \any would do welche Schrauben möchtest du? — egal welche
    which hat shall I wear? — \any that's not too sporty welchen Hut soll ich tragen? — irgendeinen, der nicht zu sportlich ist
    could I borrow a few of your books? — take \any kann ich mir ein paar deiner Bücher leihen? — nimm dir irgendwelche
    6.
    ▶ to not have \any [of it] nichts davon wissen wollen
    III. adv inv
    1. (emphasizing) noch; (a little) etwas; (at all) überhaupt
    he wasn't \any good at acting Schauspielern lag ihm gar nicht
    if I have to stay here \any longer,... wenn ich noch länger hierbleiben muss,...
    none of us is getting \any younger wir werden alle nicht jünger
    can't you drive \any faster? können Sie nicht etwas schneller fahren?
    are you feeling \any better? fühlst du dich [denn] etwas besser?
    I don't feel \any better mir geht es überhaupt [o gar] nicht besser
    that didn't help \any das hat überhaupt nichts genutzt
    no one need be \any the wiser kein muss davon erfahren
    \any more noch mehr
    \any more of those remarks and I'll thump you! noch eine solche Bemerkung und es knallt! fam
    2. (expressing termination)
    not \any longer/more nicht mehr
    I don't do yoga \any more ich mache kein Yoga mehr
    I can't tell you \any more than that ich kann dir nicht mehr als das sagen
    I don't expect we'll have \any more trouble from him ich glaube nicht, dass er uns noch weiteren Ärger bereitet
    * * *
    ['enɪ]
    1. adj
    1) (in interrog, conditional, neg sentences) not translated (emph = any at all) (with sing n) irgendein(e); (with pl n) irgendwelche; (with uncountable n) etwas

    not any — kein/keine

    not ANY... at all — überhaupt kein/keine...

    if I had any plan/ideas/money — wenn ich einen Plan/Ideen/Geld hätte

    if I had ANY plan/ideas/money (at all) — wenn ich irgendeinen Plan/irgendwelche Ideen/(auch nur) etwas Geld hätte

    if you think it'll do any good/ANY good (at all) — wenn du glaubst, dass es etwas/irgendetwas nützt

    it won't do any good —

    2) (= no matter which) jede(r, s) (beliebige...); (with pl or uncountable n) alle

    any one will do — es ist jede(r, s) recht

    any excuse will do —

    you can have any book/books you can find — du kannst jedes Buch/alle Bücher haben, das/die du finden kannst

    thank you – any time — danke! – bitte!

    any old... (inf) — jede(r, s) x-beliebige... (inf)

    See:
    → old
    2. pron
    1) (in interrog, conditional, neg sentences) (replacing sing n) ein(e), welche(r, s); (replacing pl n) einige, welche; (replacing uncountable n) etwas, welche

    I want to meet psychologists/a psychologist, do you know any? — ich würde gerne Psychologen/einen Psychologen kennenlernen, kennen Sie welche/einen?

    I need some butter/stamps, do you have any? — ich brauche Butter/Briefmarken, haben Sie welche?

    don't you have any (at all)? — haben Sie (denn) (gar or überhaupt) keinen/keine/keines?

    he wasn't having any (of it/that) (inf) — er wollte nichts davon hören

    the profits, if any — die eventuellen Gewinne

    few, if any, will come — wenn überhaupt, werden nur wenige kommen

    I'd like some tea/tomatoes if you have any — ich hätte gerne Tee, wenn Sie welchen haben/Tomaten, wenn Sie welche haben

    if any of you can sing — wenn (irgend)jemand or (irgend)einer/-eine von euch singen kann

    2) (= no matter which) alle

    any who do come... —

    any that I have... — alle, die ich habe...

    3. adv
    1) colder, bigger etc noch

    not any colder/bigger etc — nicht kälter/größer etc

    should he grow any bigger he'll... — wenn er noch mehr wächst, wird er...

    2) (esp US inf = at all) überhaupt
    * * *
    any [ˈenı]
    A adj
    1. (in Frage- und Verneinungssätzen) (irgend)ein(e), einige pl, (irgend)welche pl, etwaige pl, etwas:
    not any (gar) keine;
    is there any hope? besteht noch (irgendwelche) Hoffnung?;
    have you got any money on you? haben Sie Geld bei sich?;
    there wasn’t any milk in the house es war keine Milch oder kein Tropfen Milch im Hause; → use C 2, etc
    2. (in bejahenden Sätzen) besonders pej auch any and every jeder, jede, jedes (beliebige):
    any of these books will do jedes dieser Bücher genügt (für den Zweck);
    any cat will scratch jede Katze kratzt;
    any person who … jeder, der …; besonders JUR wer …;
    come any time you like komm, wann immer du willst;
    at any time zu jeder Zeit, jederzeit;
    under any circumstances unter allen Umständen; → case1 A 2, day Bes Redew, rate1 A 3, etc
    B pron sg und pl irgendein(er, e, es), irgendwelche pl:
    if there be any … sollten irgendwelche … sein;
    no money and no prospect of any kein Geld und keine Aussicht auf welches
    C adv
    1. irgend(wie), ein wenig, etwas, (nur) noch, (noch) etwas:
    if these estimates are any close to accurate, … wenn diese Schätzungen auch nur annähernd stimmen, …;
    is he any happier now? ist er denn jetzt glücklicher?;
    he doesn’t live here any more er wohnt nicht mehr hier;
    any more? noch (etwas) mehr?;
    not any more than ebenso wenig wie;
    have you any more to say? haben Sie noch (irgend) etwas zu sagen?;
    any old how umg achtlos; → if1 A 1, old A 10
    2. US (in negativen Sätzen) gar (nicht), überhaupt (nicht):
    this didn’t help matters any das nützte (der Sache) überhaupt nichts;
    he didn’t mind that any das hat ihm gar nichts ausgemacht
    * * *
    1. adjective

    have you any wool/any statement to make? — haben Sie Wolle/[irgend]eine Erklärung abzugeben?

    not any — kein/keine

    without any — ohne jeden/jede/jedes

    have you any idea of the time? — hast du eine Ahnung, wie spät es ist?

    2) (one) ein/eine
    3) (all) jeder/jede/jedes
    4) (every) jeder/jede/jedes

    any time I went there — jedes Mal od. immer, wenn ich dort hinging

    [at] any time — jederzeit

    [at] any time of day — zu jeder Tageszeit

    5) (whichever) jeder/jede/jedes [beliebige]

    choose any [one] book/any books you like — suchen Sie sich (Dat.) irgendein Buch/irgendwelche Bücher aus

    do it any way you like — machen Sie es, wie immer Sie wollen

    [at] any time [now] — jederzeit

    any day/minute [now] — jeden Tag/jede Minute

    you can count on him any time — (coll.) du kannst dich jederzeit auf ihn verlassen

    I'd prefer Mozart any day — (coll.) ich würde Mozart allemal (ugs.) od. jederzeit vorziehen

    not [just] any house — nicht irgendein beliebiges Haus

    take any amount you wish — nehmen Sie, soviel Sie wollen

    6) (an appreciable) ein nennenswerter/eine nennenswerte/ein nennenswertes
    2. pronoun
    1) (some) in condit., interrog., or neg. sentence (replacing sing. n.) einer/eine/ein[e]s; (replacing collect. n.) welcher/welche/welches; (replacing pl. n.) welche

    not any — keiner/keine/kein[e]s/Pl. keine

    I need to buy some sugar, we haven't got any at the moment — ich muss Zucker kaufen, wir haben im Augenblick keinen

    Here are some sweets. Would you like any? — Hier sind ein paar Bonbons. Möchtest du welche?

    hardly any — kaum welche/etwas

    do you have any of them in stock? — haben Sie [irgend]welche davon vorrätig?

    he is not having any of it — (fig. coll.) er will nichts davon wissen

    2) (no matter which) irgendeiner / irgendeine / irgendein[e]s/irgendwelche Pl.
    3. adverb

    do you feel any better today? — fühlen Sie sich heute [etwas] besser?

    he didn't seem any [the] wiser after that — danach schien er auch nicht klüger zu sein

    I can't wait any longer — ich kann nicht [mehr] länger warten

    * * *
    adj.
    beliebig adj.
    einer adj.
    irgendein adj.
    irgendeiner adj.
    irgendetwas adj.
    irgendwelch adj.
    jed adj.
    jeder adj.

    English-german dictionary > any

  • 100 mistake

    1. noun
    Fehler, der; (misunderstanding) Missverständnis, das

    make a mistake — einen Fehler machen; (in thinking) sich irren

    there's some mistake! — da liegt ein Irrtum od. Fehler vor!

    it is a mistake to assume that... — es ist ein Irrtum anzunehmen, dass...

    by mistake — versehentlich; aus Versehen

    make no mistake about it,... — täusch dich nicht,...

    2. transitive verb, forms as
    academic.ru/73191/take">take 1. falsch verstehen; missverstehen

    mistake something/somebody as meaning that... — etwas/jemanden [fälschlicherweise] so verstehen, dass...

    mistake x for y — x mit y verwechseln

    there is no mistaking him — man kann ihn gar nicht verwechseln

    mistake somebody's identity — jemanden [mit jemand anderem] verwechseln

    * * *
    [mi'steik] 1. past tense - mistook; verb
    1) ((with for) to think that (one person or thing) is another: I mistook you for my brother in this bad light.) verwechseln
    2) (to make an error about: They mistook the date, and arrived two days early.) sich irren
    2. noun
    (a wrong act or judgement: a spelling mistake; It was a mistake to trust him; I took your umbrella by mistake - it looks like mine.) der Fehler
    - mistaken
    - mistakenly
    * * *
    mis·take
    [mɪˈsteɪk]
    I. n Fehler m, Irrtum m, Versehen nt
    there must be some \mistake da kann etwas nicht stimmen
    he's a strange bloke, and no \mistake er ist wirklich ein seltsamer Kerl
    careless \mistake Flüchtigkeitsfehler m
    fatal/terrible \mistake verhängnisvoller/schrecklicher Irrtum
    silly \mistake dummer Fehler
    spelling \mistake Rechtschreibfehler m
    typing \mistake Tippfehler m
    to learn from one's \mistakes aus seinen Fehlern lernen
    to make a \mistake einen Fehler machen, sich akk irren
    to repeat past \mistakes alte Fehler wiederholen
    by \mistake aus Versehen, versehentlich
    my \mistake meine Schuld
    ▶ make no \mistake about it! täusche dich da mal nicht!
    she has a very reserved manner but, make no \mistake about it, she can assert herself sie hat zwar eine sehr zurückhaltende Art, aber sie kann sich sehr wohl durchsetzen
    II. vt
    <-took, -taken>
    ▪ to \mistake sth etw falsch verstehen
    she may have mistaken the date vielleicht hat sie sich im Datum geirrt
    you can't \mistake their house — it's got a bright yellow front door ihr könnt ihr Haus nicht verfehlen — es hat eine hellgelbe Eingangstür
    ▪ to \mistake sb/sth for sb/sth jdn/etw mit jdm/etw verwechseln
    sorry, I mistook you for an acquaintance of mine Entschuldigung, ich hielt Sie für einen meiner Bekannten
    there's no mistaking a painting by Picasso ein Gemälde von Picasso ist unverwechselbar
    * * *
    [mI'steɪk]
    1. n
    Fehler m

    to make a mistake (in writing, calculating etc) — einen Fehler machen

    you're making a big mistake in marrying him — Sie machen or begehen (form) einen schweren Fehler, wenn Sie ihn heiraten

    to make the mistake of asking too much — den Fehler machen or begehen (form),

    my biggest mistake was to... — mein größter Fehler war, zu...

    what a mistake (to make)! — wie kann man nur (so einen Fehler machen)!

    by mistake —

    there must be some mistake — da muss ein Fehler or Irrtum vorliegen

    there's no mistake about it,... — (es besteht) kein Zweifel,...

    let there be no mistake about it, make no mistake (about it) — ein(e)s steht fest:...

    make no mistake, I mean what I say —

    it's freezing and no mistake! (inf) — (ich kann dir sagen,) das ist vielleicht eine Kälte! (inf)

    2. vt pret mistook,
    ptp mistaken
    1) words, meaning, remarks etc falsch auffassen or verstehen; seriousness, cause verkennen, nicht erkennen; house, road, time of train sich irren or vertun (inf) in (+dat)

    to mistake sb's meaning —

    there's no mistaking the urgency of the situation — die Dringlichkeit der Situation steht außer Frage

    2)

    to mistake A for B —

    it cannot possibly be mistaken for anything else — das ist doch unverkennbar!, das kann man doch gar nicht verwechseln!

    3)

    to be mistaken about sth/sb — sich in etw/jdm irren

    to be mistaken in thinking that... — fälschlicherweise annehmen, dass...

    if I am not mistaken..., unless I am (very much) mistaken... — wenn mich nicht alles täuscht..., wenn ich mich nicht irre...

    * * *
    mistake [mıˈsteık]
    A v/t irr
    1. a) (for) verwechseln (mit), (fälschlich) halten (für)
    b) nicht erkennen, verkennen:
    mistake sb’s character sich in jemandes Charakter irren;
    there is no mistaking … … ist unverwechselbar ( → A 2)
    2. falsch verstehen, missverstehen:
    there is no mistaking …
    a) … ist unverkennbar oder unmissverständlich,
    b) … steht außer Frage ( → A 1)
    B v/i sich irren
    C s
    1. Missverständnis n
    2. Irrtum m, Versehen n, Missgriff m, Fehler m:
    by mistake irrtümlich, aus Versehen;
    it is a mistake to do sth es ist ein Fehler, etwas zu tun;
    there is no mistake about it, he … kein Zweifel, er …;
    learn from one’s mistakes aus seinen Fehlern lernen;
    a) einen Fehler machen,
    b) sich irren;
    make the mistake of doing sth den Fehler begehen oder in den Fehler verfallen, etwas zu tun;
    make a mistake of two pounds sich um zwei Pfund verrechnen;
    make a mistake about the number sich in der Nummer irren;
    make no mistake damit wir uns nicht falsch verstehen;
    and no mistake umg daran besteht kein Zweifel;
    I was scared and no mistake when … umg ich hatte vielleicht Angst, als …
    3. (Schreib-, Rechen- etc) Fehler m
    * * *
    1. noun
    Fehler, der; (misunderstanding) Missverständnis, das

    make a mistake — einen Fehler machen; (in thinking) sich irren

    it is a mistake to assume that... — es ist ein Irrtum anzunehmen, dass...

    by mistake — versehentlich; aus Versehen

    make no mistake about it,... — täusch dich nicht,...

    2. transitive verb, forms as
    take 1. falsch verstehen; missverstehen

    mistake something/somebody as meaning that... — etwas/jemanden [fälschlicherweise] so verstehen, dass...

    mistake somebody's identity — jemanden [mit jemand anderem] verwechseln

    * * *
    n.
    Fehlentscheidung f.
    Fehler - m.
    Irrtum -¨er m. v.
    falsch auffassen ausdr.
    missverstehen v.

    English-german dictionary > mistake

Страницы

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