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1 TOE
taltil (taltill-) (said to be the word for toe in "ordinary language", VT47:10). The term nútil (nútill-, pl. nútilli given), "under-point", is also used to mean "toe". BIG TOE taltol, also tolbo (read perhaps *tolvo in the more usual form of Quenya). The word atto, atya, basically "daddy", is said to be used for "big toe" (and "thumb") in children's play, like the word nettë (prob. netti-) "sister" is said to be used for "fourth toe" (or "fourth finger", or even referring to the ninth digit when both hands/feet are considered). The word selyë "daughter" was also introduced as a name for the fourth finger/toe (counting from the big toe/thumb) in children's play (VT47:10), but Tolkien apparendly abandoned it (VT47:15). The terms yonyo "big boy, son" and tolyo (also tollo) "stricker-up" could be used of the middle finger or toe. The word winimo "baby" (exilic *vinimo) was used for "little finger" or "little toe".-VT47:10-12, 15, 26, VT48:6 -
2 CONSONANT
\#pataca (only pl. patacar is attested), \#lambetengwë (literally "tongue-sign"; only pl. lambetengwi is attested; this refers to consonants as tengwi or phonemes), also náva-tengwë ("ñava-") (literally "mouth-sign"; only pl. náva-tengwi is attested; the shorter form \#návëa pl. návëar was also used, but Fëanor replaced these terms with \#pataca). Yet another term for "consonant" was \#tapta tengwë "impeded element". (Only pl. tapta tengwi is attested; we would rather expect *taptë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective. The nominal pl. of the adjective, taptar, was used in the same sense as tapta tengwi.) Tolkien also notes: "Since...in the mode of spelling commonly used the full signs were consonantal, in ordinary non-technical use tengwar [sg tengwa, see LETTER] became equivalent to 'consonants'." Cf. also surya "spirant consonant" and punta "stopped consonant", i.e. a consonant sign with an underposed dot to indiate that it is not followed by a vowel. –VT39:8, VT39:16, 17, WJ:396, SUS, PUT (see PUS), VT46:10, 33 -
3 SAY
quet- (pa.t. quentë) (speak, talk), equë (the latter word "has no tense forms...being mostly used only before either a proper name...or a full independent pronoun, in the senses say / says or said. A quotation then follows, either direct, or less usually indirect after a 'that'-construction (...) Affixes appear in equen 'said I', eques 'said he / she'." (WJ:392, 415) Attested forms include the aorist quetë and its pl. form quetir (VT41:11, 49:11). Cf. also SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1st pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language". Other forms occur in VT49:13, all with the ending -n “I”: Aorist avan, present ávan or ávëan, future avuvan > auvan, past avanen or aunen, perfect avávien. In one version, the forms ávëan and avanen are marked as poetic or archaic.) NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID avaquétima. SAYING eques (pl. equessi) (dictum, proverbial dictum, quotation) –Silm:436, WJ:370, LT2:348, WJ:392 -
4 NO
ui, possibly with uito as an emphatic variant (VT49:28-29), lá (also meaning "not)". Ui (uito) and lá are probably used to deny facts, or what others present as facts. In a context of refusal, the interjection vá is to be preferred. It is derived from a stem that "expressed refusal to do what others might wish or urge, or prohibition of some action by others”. Cf also lala, lau, laumë "no, no indeed not, on the contrary; also used for asking incredulous questions". Prefixes "no-, un-": ú-, il-. SAY NO váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1st pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language". Other forms occur in VT49:13, all with the ending -n “I”: Aorist avan, present ávan or ávëan, future avuvan > auvan, past avanen or aunen, perfect avávien. In one version, the forms ávëan and avanen are marked as poetic or archaic.) –LA, WJ:371 cf. 370, GŪ/UGU/VT46:20, WJ:370, KWET -
5 REFUSE
váquet- (forbid, say no) (1st pers. sg aorist and past váquetin, váquenten are given) avaquet- (forbid) (pa.t. is no doubt *avaquentë; cf. quet- under SAY), ava- (say no). (Pa.t. avanë is given; this verb was "little used in ordinary language". Other forms occur in VT49:13, all with the ending -n “I”: Aorist avan, present ávan or ávëan, future avuvan > auvan, past avanen or aunen, perfect avávien. In one version, the forms ávëan and avanen are marked as poetic or archaic.) –WJ:370, KWET, VT49:13
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