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1 εἰς
εἰς prep. w. acc. (Hom.+; s. the lit. under ἀνά, beg., also ATheimer, Die Präp. εἰς, ἐν, ἐκ im NT: Progr. z. 24. u. 29. Jahresbericht des niederösterr. Landes-Real-u. Obergymnasiums Horn 1896; 1901; AOepke, TW II 418–32), indicating motion into a thing or into its immediate vicinity or relation to something.① extension involving a goal or place, into, in, toward, toⓐ into, toward, to after verbs of going, or those that include motion toward a place (also after subst. as ἄφιξις Tat. 37, 1 or πορεία 38, 1); so after ἄγω, ἀκολουθέω, ἀναβαίνω, ἀνάγω, ἀναχωρέω, ἀνέρχομαι, ἄπειμι, ἀπέρχομαι, ἀποδημέω, ἀποπλέω, γίνομαι δεῦρο, διαβαίνω, διαπεράω, διασῴζω, διέρχομαι, διώκω, εἰσάγω, εἴσειμι, εἰσέρχομαι, εἰσπορεύομαι, ἐκπηδάω, ἐκπλέω, ἐκπορεύομαι, ἐμβαίνω, ἐμβάλλω, ἐνδύνω, ἐξέρχομαι, ἐπανάγω, ἐπιβαίνω, ἐπιστρέφω, ἔρχομαι (s. Goodsp., Probs. 56f), εὐθυδρομέω, ἥκω, καθίζω, καταβαίνω (s. Goodsp., Probs. 52–54), κατάγομαι, καταντάω, καταπλέω, καταφεύγω, κατέρχομαι, μεταβαίνω, ὁρμάω, παραβάλλω, παραγίνομαι, πέτομαι, πλέω, πορείαν ποιοῦμαι, πορεύομαι, προάγω, συμβάλλω, συνάγομαι, συναναβαίνω, συνέρχομαι, ὑπάγω, ὑποστρέφω, ὑποχωρέω, φεύγω, χωρέω; s. these entries.α. extension toward, in the direction of, a specific place to be reached. Hence w. nouns that denote an accessible place εἰς τὸν οἶκον into the house Mt 9:7; synagogue Ac 17:10; heaven Lk 2:15; abyss 8:31. φεύγειν εἰς τὰ ὄρη Mk 13:14. W. names of places and countries to Spain Ro 15:24, 28. εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ vs. 25 al. Also on, in εἰς (τὰς) ὁδούς Lk 14:23; Mt 10:5, 10; εἰς ὁδόν Mk 6:8; 10:17. εἰς ἀγρόν 16:12. In another sense ἀναβαίνει εἰς τὸ ὄρος 3:13; Mt 15:29.—In the vicinity of, near, to (Jos., Vi. 115 εἰς τ. κώμην) εἰς (τὴν) θάλασσαν Mk 7:31; 3:7 v.l.; Mt 17:27. εἰς πόλιν (Hdt. 2, 169; 4, 200, 1; Diod S 15, 32, 2 παραγενόμενος εἰς πόλιν) J 4:5; cp. vs. 28. εἰς τό μνημεῖον 11:31, 38; 20:1, 3f (cp. vs. 6). ἐγγίζειν εἰς (Tob 11:1) Mt 21:1; Mk 11:1; Lk 18:35; 19:29. εἰς τοὺς φραγμούς to the hedges 14:23. κλίνειν τὸ πρόσωπον εἰς τ. γῆν toward the ground 24:5.β. with focus on the area within the point reached. After verbs of sending, moving, etc., which result in movement or include a movement of the body to, into, among εἰς τὴν πόλιν into the city Mt 26:18 al.; boat Mt 8:23; J 6:17; world J 1:9; εἰς τ. ναόν 2 Th 2:4; εἰς (τὸ) μέσον (Sir 27:12; cp. 48:17): ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον (X., Cyr. 4, 1, 1), he (came and) stood among them J 20:19, 26; cp. Mk 14:60; Lk 6:8, also ἔγειρε εἰς τὸ μ. get up and come here Mk 3:3.—δέχεσθαι εἰς τὰς ἀγκάλας take in (into) one’s arms Lk 2:28 (cp. Jos., Ant. 8, 28).γ. of movement directed at a surface of an area on, in: of striking (PRyl 145, 13f [38 A.D.] ἔδωκεν πληγὰς πλείους εἰς πᾶν μέρος τοῦ σώματος=gave many blows all over his body; cp. PTebt 39, 32) τύπτειν εἰς τ. κεφαλήν on the head Mt 27:30 (cp. Arrian, Anab. 2, 26, 4 ἐμβάλλειν εἰς τ. κεφαλήν). ῥαπίζειν εἰς τὴν σιαγόνα on the cheek 5:39.—εἰς τ. ὄμματα Mk 8:23; εἰς τ. ὁδόν 11:8; ἀναπίπτειν εἰς τ. ἔσχατον τόπον sit in the lowest place Lk 14:10; cp. vs. 8. εἰς τὴν χεῖρα, τοὺς πόδας on his hand, his feet Lk 15:22.δ. of a position within a certain area be at, be in, be on εἰς is freq. used where ἐν would be expected (s. 1bβ below; for Mark usage s. JO’Rourke, JBL 85, ’66, 349–51)—(Hdt. 7, 239, 1; Diod S 13, 101, 3; 20, 30, 2; Vett. Val. index III p. 394b; PTebt 38, 14 [113 B.C.] εἰς ὸ̔ν ἐνοικεῖ … οἶκον; POxy 294, 6 [22 A.D.]; 929, 12; BGU 385, 5; 423, 7; Kaibel 134; LXX. Cp. GHatzidakis, Einl. in die neugr. Gramm. 1892, 210f; Mlt. 62f, 234f; Rob. 592f; Rdm.2 14; 140; B-D-F §205; EOldenburger, De Or. Sib. Elocutione, diss. Rostock 1903, 26ff) εἰς τ. κοίτην εἶναι Lk 11:7. εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Mk 10:10. οἱ εἰς τ. οἶκόν μου (ὄντες) Lk 9:61. οἱ εἰς μακρὰν (ὄντες) Ac 2:39. καθημένου εἰς τὸ ὄρος Mk 13:3 (cp. Musonius 43, 18 H. καθῆσθαι εἰς Σινώπην). ὁ εἰς τὸν ἀγρὸν (ὤν) he who is in the field 13:16. γίνεσθαι εἰς τὴν Καφαρναούμ happen in Capernaum Lk 4:23. εἰς συναγωγὰς δαρήσεσθε you will be beaten in the synagogues Mk 13:9. εὑρέθη εἰς Ἄζωτον he found himself in A. Ac 8:40 (cp. Esth 1:5 τοῖς ἔθνεσιν τοῖς εὑρεθεῖσιν εἰς τ. πόλιν; Gen 37:17). ἀποθανεῖν εἰς Ἰερ. Ac 21:13 (cp. Aelian, VH 7, 8 Ἡφαιστίων εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ἀπέθανε). κατοικεῖν εἰς Ἰερ. Ac 2:5; cp. Mt 2:23; 4:13; Ac 7:4; Hb 11:9 (cp. Thu. 2, 102, 6; X., An. 1, 2, 24; Num 35:33; 2 Ch 19:4). χάριν, εἰς ἣν στῆτε the favor in which you stand 1 Pt 5:12. ἔχειν βιβλίον εἰς τὰς χεῖρας have a book in one’s hands Hv 1, 2, 2. πηλὸς γάρ ἐσμεν εἰς την χεῖρα τοῦ τεχνίτου for we are clay in the hand of the artisan. εἰς ταύτην τὴν πόλιν in this city 2, 4, 3 al.—εἰς=at or on (BGU 845, 20f; τραπέζας … εἰς ἃς ἤσθιον οἱ πτωχοί TestJob 25:5) ὁ ὢν εἰς τ. κόλπον τ. πατρός who leans on the breast (or reclines in the lap) of the Father (=who is on intimate terms w. the Father, s. κόλπος) J 1:18. In AcPlCor 2:35 the prepositions εἰς and ἐν appear to be carefully distinguished: τὰ δεσμὰ εἰς τὰς χείρας ἔχω … καὶ τὰ στίγματα ἐν τῷ σώματί μου.ε. of presence in an area determined by other objects, esp. after verbs of sending, moving, etc. including ἀπολύω, ἀποστέλλω, βάλλω, βαπτίζω, δέχομαι, δίδωμι, ἐγκεντρίζω, ἐκβάλλω, ἐκπέμπω, ἐκχέω, ἐμβάπτω, ἐξαποστέλλω, καθίημι, μεταπέμπομαι, παρακύπτω, πέμπω, χαλάω; s. these entries. ἐμπίπτειν εἰς τοὺς λῃστάς fall among robbers Lk 10:36. εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας among the thorns Mk 4:7; εἰς τ. λαόν Ac 4:17 et al., where the transl. depends on the verb in question. πνεύματος ἁγίου … ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (Μαρίαν) sent into her AcPlCor 2:5; cp. 2:10 ἔπεμψεν εἰς τοὺς προφήτας into the prophets; 2:14 κατέπεμψε … εἰς Μαρίαν.—ἔστη εἰς τὸ κριτήριον she stood before the tribunal GJs 15:2 (difft. J 20:19, 26, s. 1aβ).ⓑ of direction toward something without ref. to bodily motion.α. w. verbs of looking (fr. Od. 10, 37; Il. 3, 364; LXX) ἀναβλέπειν εἴς τι look up toward someth. (2 Macc 7:28; Sus 35 Theod.) Mk 6:41; Lk 9:16; Ac 22:13; cp. ἀτενίζω, βλέπω, ἐμβλέπω, ὁράω (Just., D. 112, 1).—ἐπαίρειν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς εἴς τινα raise one’s eyes toward someone Lk 6:20.β. after verbs of saying, teaching, proclaiming, preaching, etc. (Trag.; Hdt. 8:26, 3; Thu. 1, 72, 2; 5, 45, 1 and many later wr., incl. LXX) λαλεῖν εἰς τ. κόσμον say to the world J 8:26. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον εἰς ὅλον τ. κόσμον the gospel in the whole world Mk 14:9. εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 13:10; Lk 24:47. εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 Th 2:9. εὐαγγελίζεσθαι εἴς τινα 2 Cor 10:16; 1 Pt 1:25; γνωρίζειν Ro 16:26. ἀπαγγέλλειν τι εἴς τινα Mk 5:14; Lk 8:34. διαμαρτύρεσθαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ, μαρτυρεῖν εἰς Ῥώμην bear witness in Jerusalem, Rome Ac 23:11. ἵνα εἰς Νινευὴ μὴ κηρύξῃ AcPlCor 2:29. In these and similar cases εἰς approaches ἐν in mng.; s. 1aδ.γ. The same is true of βαπτίζεσθαι εἰς τὸν Ἰορδάνην Mk 1:9 and νίπτεσθαι εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν J 9:7; these expr. look like exx. of the interchange of εἰς and ἐν, but were orig. formed on the analogy of X., Cyr. 1, 3, 5 ἀποκαθαίρει τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὰ χειρόμακτρα= lit. ‘into the towels’; cp. Epict. 3, 22, 71 ἵνʼ αὐτὸ (sc. τὸ παιδίον) λούσῃ εἰς σκάφην; Alciphron, Ep. 3, 7, 1; Athen. 10, 438e.② extension in time, to, until, onⓐ w. indication of specific timeα. up to which someth. continues εἰς τέλος to the end (Epict. 1, 7, 17) Mt 10:22; 24:13; Mk 13:13. εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν until that day 2 Ti 1:12 (Ath. 2, 1 εἰς … τὴν σήμερον ἡμέραν). εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ Phil 1:10. εἰς Χριστόν until the coming of the Messiah Gal 3:24.β. for or on which someth. happens μεριμνᾶν εἰς τὴν αὔριον be anxious for tomorrow Mt 6:34; cp. Hs 6, 5, 3; εἰς τὸ μέλλον for the future 1 Ti 6:19. εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ σάββατον on the next Sabbath Ac 13:42. εἰς ἡμέραν (UPZ 66, 5 [153 B.C.]) for the day Phil 2:16; cp. Eph 4:30; Rv 9:15.γ. at which someth. takes place (Appian, Mithrid. 74 §321 ἐς ἑσπέραν=in the evening; Epict. 4, 10, 31 αὔριον ἢ εἰς τὴν τρίτην; En 1:1 οἵτινες ἔσονται εἰς ἡμέραν ἀνάγκης) εἰς τὸν καιρὸν αὐτῶν in their time Lk 1:20; εἰς τὸ μέλλον in the future 13:9. εἰς τέλος in the end, finally (Hdt. 3, 403; Gen 46:4; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 18, 2) 18:5 (B-D-F §207, 3 prefers mng. 3 below and ὑπωπιάζω 3; s. also Mlt-Turner 266). εἰς τὸ πάλιν=πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2; s. Schmid I 167; II 129; III 282; IV 455; 625. εἰς ταχεῖαν soon AcPlCor 2:3.ⓑ to indicate duration of time for, throughout (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 16 Jac. εἰς νύκτα; Arrian, Anab. 4, 30, 1 ἐς τρεῖς ἡμέρας; Just., D. 2, 5 εἰς μακρὰν for a long time) εἰς ἔτη πολλά for many years Lk 12:19. εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας (αἰών 1b) forever Mt 21:19; Mk 3:29; 11:14; Lk 1:33; J 8:35 and oft. εἰς ἡμέραν αἰῶνος to the day of eternity 2 Pt 3:18. εἰς γενεὰς καὶ γενεάς for generation after generation Lk 1:50. εἰς τὸ διηνεκές forever Hb 7:3; 10:1, 12, 14 (cp. Thu. 2, 64, 3 ἐς ἀί̈διον).③ marker of degree, up to: εἰς τέλος completely, fully, absolutely (s. Just, A I, 44, 12 and on τέλος 2bγ) 1 Th 2:16; B 4:7; 19:11; Hv 3, 7, 2; m 12, 2, 3; Hs 8, 6, 4; 8, 8, 5; 8, 9, 3.—J 13:1 combines in εἰς τέλος the mngs. to the end (s. 2aα above) and to the uttermost (cp. Appian, Mithrid. 58 §239 ἡμῶν ἀμυναμένων ἤδη καὶ ἀμυνουμένων ἐς τέλος=we have defended ourselves up to now and will defend ourselves ἐς τέλος). εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα 2 Cor 10:13, 15 (cp. PVat A 12=Witkowski 36, 12 [168 B.C.] εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα). εἰς περισσείαν 10:15. εἰς ὑπερβολήν (Eur., Hipp. 939; Aeschin., F. Leg. 4) 4:17. εἰς τὸ παντελές (q.v. 2) Lk 13:11; Hb 7:25 (Tat. 6, 1).④ marker of goals involving affective/abstract/suitability aspects, into, toⓐ of entry into a state of being w. verbs of going, coming, leading, etc., used in a fig. sense: ἀπέρχεσθαι εἰς κόλασιν αἰώνιον Mt 25:46 (cp. Sir 41:10). εἰσφέρειν εἰς πειρασμόν 6:13. πορεύεσθαι εἰς θάνατον Lk 22:33. ὑπάγειν εἰς ἀπώλειαν Rv 17:8, 11. βάλλειν εἰς θλῖψιν 2:22. παραδιδόναι εἰς θλῖψιν Mt 24:9; cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Lk 24:20. συγκλείειν εἰς ἀπείθειαν Ro 11:32. ἐμπίπτειν εἰς κρίμα 1 Ti 3:6f; cp. 6:9 (and Ath. 24, 5 εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν πεσόντες παρθένων). ἄγειν εἰς μετάνοιαν Ro 2:4; cp. Hb 2:10 εἰς δόξαν. (Just., A I, 10, 4 εἰς πίστιν; 42, 11 εἰς ἐπίστασιν καὶ ἀνάμνησιν.) αἰχμαλωτίζειν εἰς ὑπακοήν 2 Cor 10:5. ἀνακαινίζειν εἰς μετάνοιαν Hb 6:6; cp. 2:10. Sim. ἀπάγω, ἀποβαίνω, εἰσέρχομαι, εἰσφέρω, ἐκβάλλω, ἐλευθερόω, ἐπιστρέφω, κατευθύνω, μεταβαίνω, ὁδηγέω et al.; s. these entries.ⓑ of change from one state to another w. verbs of changing: στρέφειν (Esth 4:17h; 1 Macc 1:39), μεταστρέφειν (Sir 11:31; 1 Macc 9:41; 3 Macc 6:22) τι εἴς τι Rv 11:6; Ac 2:20 (Jo 3:4); Js 4:9. μεταλλάσσειν Ro 1:26. μετασχηματίζεσθαι (q.v. 2) 2 Cor 11:13f; μετατίθεσθαι εἰς turn away to Gal 1:6.ⓒ of actions or feelings directed in someone’s direction in hostile or friendly sense (Thu. 1, 38; 66; 130; X., Cyr. 1, 3, 5; Paus. 7, 9, 3; 7, 10, 2; Aelian, VH 11, 10).α. in a hostile sense (Arrian, Anab. 1, 1, 4; PEleph 1, 9 [311/310 B.C.] κακοτεχνεῖν εἰς Δημητρίαν; UPZ 170b, 47 [127 B.C.]): ἁμαρτάνειν εἴς τινα (Herodian 7, 9, 11; EpJer 12; Jdth 5:20; 11:10) sin against someone Lk 15:18, 21. βλασφημεῖν εἴς τινα (Bel 8 Theod.; Just., D. 122, 2) defame someone Mk 3:29; Lk 12:10; 22:65; θαρρεῖν εἴς τινα 2 Cor 10:1. ψεύδεσθαι εἴς τινα (Sus 55; 59 Theod.) Col 3:9. Also w. nouns and adj. (Paus. 7, 8, 4; PFay 12, 7 [c. 103 B.C.] ἀδικήματα εἴς με; En 97:7 μνημόσυνον εἰς ὑμᾶς κακόν) Ac 6:11; 23:30; Ro 8:7.β. in a friendly sense: μακροθυμεῖν 2 Pt 3:9. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Ro 12:16. So also πιστεύειν εἴς τινα trust or believe in someone Mt 18:6; Mk 9:42 and oft. (s. πιστεύω 1aε). Also w. nouns (OGI 49, 10 [III B.C.] φιλοτιμία εἰς; 51, 4; UPZ 22, 18 [162 B.C.]; 39, 5 εἰς τὸ θεῖον εὐσέβεια; 2 Macc 9:26 εὔνοια; Tat. 16:2 τῆς εἰς αὐτοὺς [δαίμονας] θρησκείας) ἀγάπη Ro 5:8; 2 Cor 2:4, 8; Col 1:4; 1 Th 3:12. ἐλπίς (2 Macc 9:20; Synes., Ep. 104 p. 264a εἰς τὸν κομήτην ἐ.) Ac 24:15. κοινωνία Phil 1:5 (Tat. 18, 2); πεποίθησις 2 Cor 8:22. δύναμις Eph 1:19. πίστις (Jos., Ant. 16, 48; 18, 334) Ac 20:21; 24:24; 26:18; Col 2:5; and adj. φιλόξενος 1 Pt 4:9; χρηστός Eph 4:32. διακονία Ro 15:31 (cp. the v.l. Ac 12:25 and s. JDupont, NovT 1, ’56, 275–303); 2 Cor 8:4. The context of 1 Pt 1:11 suggests consolation of Christians for the sufferings they endure in a hostile environment, hence REB: sufferings in Christ’s cause; for εἰς Χρ. construed genitivally (UPZ 180a II, 2 [113 B.C.] χωρὶς τοῦ εἰς αὐτὴν οἴκου; PTebt 16:9f contains a restoration of εἰς) s. NRSV ‘sufferings destined for Christ’ (for a parallel expr. in a hostile sense cp. Polyb. 1, 7, 12 τῆς εἰς ἐκείνους τιμωρίας; 1, 69, 7; 38, 1 [4], 13; s. [s.v. ἀνά beg.] Kuhring 13; Rudberg 201).ⓓ w. the vocation, use, or end indicated for, as: αἱρέομαι εἴς τι 2 Th 2:13. ἀφορίζω Ro 1:1; Ac 13:2. προγράφω Ro 15:4; Jd 4. ἀποστέλλω Hb 1:14. πέμπω Phil 4:16; 1 Th 3:2, 5. ποιῶ τι εἰς 1 Cor 10:31; 11:24. S. also under κεῖμαι, προορίζω, τάσσω, τίθημι.—εἰμὶ εἴς τι serve as someth. (s. εἰμί 6; also ins 134, 33ff fr. the Delphinion at Miletus [I A.D.] 1914; s. Dssm., LO 97, 1 [LAE 123]; Ar. 5, 1 ὕδωρ … εἰς χρῆσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων γέγονε) 1 Cor 14:22; for destruction Col 2:22; as a testimony Js 5:3. Used w. a noun σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν, ἀτιμίαν a vessel meant for honorable, dishonorable use Ro 9:21; cp. vs. 22f; 2 Ti 2:20f; φύλλα τοῦ ξύλου εἰς θεραπείαν Rv 22:2. φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν a light serving as a revelation Lk 2:32. θεράπων εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων a servant to bear witness to what would be said Hb 3:5. (Cp. Just., A I, 66, 1 τὸ … εἰς ἀναγέννησιν λουτρόν). W. acc. of pers. (Just., A II, 12, 4 συκοφαντίᾳ τῇ εἰς ἡμᾶς; Tat. 17, 3 τὴν εἰς τοὺς μεμηνότας βοήθειαν) ἡ εἰς ὑμᾶς χάρις the grace meant for you 1 Pt 1:10. διδόναι εἴς τι pay out for someth., money for a field Mt 27:10.ⓔ w. the result of an action or condition indicated into, to, so that: αὐξάνειν εἰς ναόν grow into a temple Eph 2:21. πληροῦσθαι εἴς τι 3:19. λυπηθῆναι εἰς μετάνοιαν be grieved so that repentance takes place 2 Cor 7:9. Of prayer ἀναβαίνειν εἰς μνημόσυνον Ac 10:4. ὁμολογεῖν εἰς σωτηρίαν confess to salvation = so as to receive salvation Ro 10:10; cp. 1:16; 1 Pt 2:2; εἰς ἔπαινον κτλ. to praise etc. 1 Pt 1:7; εἰς βοήθειαν (1 Ch 12:17; Jdth 6:21; JosAs 23:4) Hb 4:16; cp. 10:39; Rv 13:3; Ro 6:16; 8:15; 13:4, 14; 1 Cor 11:34; 2 Cor 2:16 al.; εἰς κενόν (s. κενός 3) 2 Cor 6:1; Gal 2:2; Phil 2:16; 1 Th 3:5. σχίζειν εἰς δύο tear in two Mt 27:51; Mk 15:38. Cp. GPt 5:20 (cp. Polyb. 2, 16, 11; Lucian, Symp. 44, Tox. 54; 1 Km 15:29; Tob 5:3 S; 1 Macc 9:11; Ath. 18, 3 ᾠὸν … εἰς δύο ἐρράγη). W. subst. inf. foll. so that Ro 1:20; 3:26; 4:18; 6:12; 7:4; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Th 2:10f; Hb 11:3 al.ⓕ to denote purpose in order to, to (Appian, Liby. 101 §476 ἐς ἔκπληξιν=in order to frighten; Just., A I, 21, 4 εἰς προτροπήν ‘to spur on’) εἰς ἄγραν in order to catch someth. Lk 5:4. εἰς ἀπάντησιν, συνάντησιν, ὑπάντησίν τινι (s. these 3 entries) to meet someone, toward someone Mt 8:34; 25:1; J 12:13. εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς as a witness, i.e. proof, to them Mt 8:4; 10:18; 24:14 al. εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν for forgiveness of sins, so that sins might be forgiven Mt 26:28; cp. Mk 1:4; Lk 3:3; Ac 2:38. εἰς μνημόσυνόν τινος in memory of someone Mt 26:13; Mk 14:9; cp. Lk 22:19 al. (εἰς μνημόσυνον En 99:3). εἰς ὅ for which purpose (Hdt. 2, 103, 1) Col 1:29; otherw. 2 Th 1:11 with this in view; εἰς τί; why? (Wsd 4:17; Sir 39:16, 21) Mt 14:31; Mk 14:4; 15:34; Hm 2:5; D 1:5. εἰς τοῦτο for this reason or purpose Mk 1:38; Lk 4:43 v.l.; J 18:37; Ac 9:21; 26:16; Ro 9:17; 14:9; 2 Cor 2:9; 1J 3:8; Hs 1:9 (Just., A I, 13, 3). εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο for this very reason 2 Cor 5:5; Eph 6:22; Col 4:8. W. subst. inf. foll. (X., Ages. 9, 3, Mem. 3, 6, 2; Just., A I, 9, 5) in order to (oft. LXX; neg. μή in order not to; s. B-D-F §402, 2) Mt 20:19; 26:2; 27:31; Mk 14:55 and oft.—εἰς ὁδόν for the journey 6:8.ⓖ As in Mod. Gk., it is used for the dat., esp. the dat. of advantage, but also= for in general (X., An. 3, 3, 19 τ. ἵππους εἰς ἱππέας κατασκευάσωμεν; Lycurg. 85 διεκαρτέρουν εἰς τ. πατρίδα; UPZ 180a I, 7 [113 B.C.] τὸν εἰς Τάγην οἶκον ᾠκοδομημένον; BGU 37, 4f [51 A.D.] ξύλα εἰς τοὺς ἐλαιῶνάς μου wood for my olive orchards; PLond I, 43, 9 p. 48 [II B.C.]; PTebt 5, 77; POxy 37 I, 9; EpJer 9; Sir 37:7, cp. vs. 8; Jdth 14:2; Bel 3 Theod., vs. 22 LXX) εἰς πάντα τ. λαόν Lk 9:13; cp. 3J 5. εἰς ἡμᾶς Eph 1:19; cp. Col 1:25; 1 Th 4:10; Ro 10:12. χρείαν ἔχειν εἰς τ. ἑορτήν J 13:29; cp. Mk 8:19f; Gal 2:8; 1 Th 2:9; 5:15 et al.—εἰς is commonly used in speaking of the person for whom a payment etc. is made (Dssm., B 113–15; NB 23 [BS 117f; 194f]) 1 Cor 16:1; 2 Cor 8:4; 9:1, 13; Ro 15:26; Ac 24:17. εἰς λόγον τινός in an account for someth. (POxy 275, 19; 21 [66 A.D.]; 496, 10; 530, 15) Phil 4:15; cp. vs. 17. εἰς Χριστόν Phlm 6 prob. in honor of Christ (Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 7, 4 p. 266 εἰς θεούς; Pla., Lysis 205d ᾂδεις εἰς σαυτὸν ἐγκώμιον; Ps.-Pla., Minos 319c; Athen. 15, 667c; Synes., Ep. 75 p. 222b).⑤ marker of a specific point of reference, for, to, with respect to, with reference to (Arrian, Anab. 6, 26, 3 τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον εἰς καρτερίαν ἐπαινῶ Ἀλεξάνδρου=I praise this deed with regard to Alexander’s endurance; Ath. 31, 1 οὐδὲν χείρους εἰς ἀρετῆς λόγον ‘none the worse in respect to excellence’) εὔθετος εἴς τι fit, suitable for someth. Lk 14:35; also εὔχρηστος 2 Ti 4:11. ἡτοιμασμένος ready for 2:21. εὐκαιρέω εἴς τι Ac 17:21. ἱκανόω Col 1:12. ἰσχύω Mt 5:13. περισσεύω 2 Cor 9:8. συνεργέω Ro 8:28. τοῦτο οὐκ εἰς ταύτας τ. ἡμέρας λέγω I say this not with reference to these days Hs 9, 26, 6.—After the verbs ἀπορέομαι, διακρίνομαι, καυχάομαι, παρρησίαν ἔχω, s. these entries. After the adj. ἄκαρπος, ἀκέραιος, βραδύς, σοφός, συνεργός, ὑπήκοος, φρόνιμος, s. these entries. W. acc. of pers. ἀσθενεῖν εἴς τινα be weak toward someone 2 Cor 13:3. εὐδοκεῖν 2 Pt 1:17. λέγειν εἴς τινα say w. reference to someone (Diod S 11, 50, 4; Just., D. 77, 1 εἰς Χριστὸν … εἰρῆσθαι) Ac 2:25.—On Ro 6:17 s. παραδίδωμι 1b end. δέχομαί τινα εἰς ὄνομά τινος Mt 10:41f; s. ὄνομα 1dγא.⑥ marker of a guarantee, by ὀμνύναι εἴς τι swear by someth. Mt 5:35 (cp. PGiss 66, 8f [early II A.D.] ἐρωτῶ εἰς τὴν τ. θεῶν εὐσέβειαν; but the sole use of εἰς in a series of datives w. ἐν may reflect bilingualism; for prob. Hb. perspective, s. M’Neile, comm. ad loc).⑦ distributive marker: w. numbers εἰς is distributive ‘-fold’ (cp. ἐστρίς ‘until three times’ Pind., O. 2, 68; GDI IV p. 884, n62, 36 [IV B.C.]) Mk 4:8 v.l. (otherw. ἐς τετρακοσίους, ἐς ὀγδοήκοντα about 400, about 80: Arrian, Anab. 5, 15, 2; 6, 2, 4; 7, 20, 3).⑧ The predicate nom. and the predicate acc. are somet. replaced by εἰς w. acc. under Semitic influence, which has strengthened Gk. tendencies in the same direction:ⓐ predicate nom.α. w. γίνεσθαι (PFay 119, 34 [100 A.D.] ἵνα μὴ εἰς ψωμίον γένηται; Wsd 14:11; 1 Macc 1:36; 10:70; Jdth 5:10, 18 al.) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:22). ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον Lk 13:19; cp. J 16:20; Ac 5:36; Rv 8:11; 16:19.β. w. εἶναι (Bar 2:23; Jdth 5:21, 24; Sir 31:10 et al.) Mt 19:5 (Gen 2:24); Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); 2 Cor 6:18; Hb 1:5; 8:10 (in the last 3 pass. OT expressions are also reproduced). Not fr. the OT: 1J 5:8.γ. λογίζεσθαι εἰς (Wsd 2:16; 1 Macc 2:52) Ro 4:3 (Gen 15:6); cp. 2:26; 9:8. λ. εἰς οὐθέν (Is 40:17; Wsd 3:17; cp. 9:6) Ac 19:27.ⓑ predicate acc. (Heliod. 6, 14, 1 τ. πήραν εἰς καθέδραν ποιησαμένη=she used the knapsack as a seat; Vett. Val. 59, 7; 1 Macc 10:54; 11:62; Jdth 5:11 al.; JosAs 13:12 παράθου με αὐτῷ εἰς παιδίσκην) ἐγείρειν τινὰ εἰς βασιλέα Ac 13:22 (cp. 1 Km 13:14). ἀνατρέφεσθαί τινα εἰς υἱόν 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10). τέθεικά σε εἰς φῶς ἐθνῶν 13:47 (cp. Is 49:6). Cp. Mt 21:46; 1 Cl 42:4.—B-D-F §145; 157, 5; Rdm.2 20f; Mlt. 71f; Mlt-H. 462. Johannessohn, Kasus 4f.⑨ marker of instrumentality, by, with (Arrian, Anab. 5, 12, 3 ἐς ἀκρίβειαν=with care; Vi. Aesopi I G 7 P. νικᾶν εἰς εὐσέβειαν πάντα ψόγον=overcome all censure with piety) εἰς διαταγὰς ἀγγέλων Ac 7:53 (=ἐν διαταγαῖς, B-D-F §206, 1). Sim. ὕπαγε εἰς εἰρήνην (1 Km 1:17) Mk 5:34; Lk 7:50; 8:48 (=ἐν εἰρήνῃ). Mlt-Turner 254f.⑩ Other uses of εἰςⓐ at, in the face of μετανοεῖν εἰς τὸ κήρυγμα repent at the proclamation Mt 12:41; Lk 11:32; cp. Ro 4:20 and perh. Mt 3:11. JMantey, JBL 70, ’51, 45–48, 309–11 argues for a causal use here because of the proclam., with reff.; against him RMarcus, ibid. 129f; 71, ’52, 43f; JDavis, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 80–88.ⓑ for βαπτίζω εἰς s. βαπτίζω 2c.ⓒ μένειν εἰς remain with (PFay 111, 12 [95/96 A.D.]) so perh. J 6:27.ⓓ in pregnant constructions: σῴζειν εἰς bring safely into 2 Ti 4:18 (cp. X., An. 6, 4, 8; Diod S 2, 48; Cebes 27; SIG 521, 26 [III B.C.], OGI 56, 11; 4 Macc 15:3). διασῴζειν 1 Pt 3:20 (cp. Gen 19:19). μισθοῦσθαι ἐργάτας εἰς τ. ἀμπελῶνα to go into the vineyard Mt 20:1. ἐλευθεροῦσθαι εἰς be freed and come to Ro 8:21. ἀποδιδόναι τινὰ εἰς Αἴγυπτον Ac 7:9 (cp. Gen 37:28). ἔνοχος εἰς τ. γέενναν Mt 5:22; cp. 10:9; Mk 6:8; J 20:7.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
2 poner
v.1 to put.Ella puso el mantel She set the tablecloth.Ella puso su mejor esfuerzo She exerted her best effort.2 to give, to set (asignar) (tarea, examen).le pusieron Mario they called him Mariole pusieron un cinco en el examen he got five out of ten in the exam3 to switch or put on (conectar) (televisión, radio).4 to send (comunicar) (telegrama, fax).¿me pones con él? can you put me through to him? (peninsular Spanish)5 to show (Cine, Teatro & TV).¿qué ponen en la tele? what's on the telly?6 to set up.ha puesto una tienda she has opened a shopponer la mesa to lay the table7 to do up.han puesto su casa con mucho lujo they've done up their house in real style8 to put in.poner dinero en el negocio to put money into the businessponer algo de mi/tu/etc. parte to do my/your/etc bitponer mucho empeño en (hacer) algo to put a lot of effort into (doing) somethingPonga más sal Put in more salt.9 to suppose.pongamos que sucedió así (let's) suppose that's what happenedpon que necesitemos cinco días suppose we need five daysponiendo que todo salga bien assuming everything goes according to plan10 to say (decir). (peninsular Spanish)¿qué pone ahí? what does it say?11 to lay (eggs) (ave).12 to make, to render, to turn, to get.13 to apply, to put on.Ella puso desinfectante She applied disinfectant.14 to lay eggs, to lay.La gallina puso The hen laid eggs.15 to say about.* * *Present Indicativepongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponéis, ponen.Past IndicativeFuture IndicativeConditionalPresent SubjunctiveImperfect SubjunctiveFuture SubjunctiveImperativePast Participlepuesto,-a.* * *verb1) to put2) place3) set4) set up, establish5) add6) switch on, put on7) lay8) install•- ponerse* * *Para las expresiones poner cuidado, poner en duda, poner por las nubes, poner a parir, poner como un trapo, poner verde, poner de vuelta y media, poner por testigo, ponerse por delante, ver la otra entrada.1. VERBO TRANSITIVO1) (=colocar, situar) to put¿dónde pongo mis cosas? — where shall I put my things?
ponle un poco de mantequilla y verás qué bueno — put some butter in it and you'll see how good it is
•
poner algo [aparte] — to put sth aside, put sth to one side•
ponlo en su [sitio] — put it back2) [+ ropa, calzado] to put on3) (=añadir) to addponle más sal — add some salt, put some more salt in it
4) (=aplicar, administrar) to put5) (=disponer, preparar)•
poner la [mesa] — to lay {o} set the table6) (=instalar)a) [+ teléfono, calefacción] to put inb) [+ tienda] to open; [+ casa] to furnish7) (=exponer)ponlo al sol — leave {o} put it out in the sun
8) (=hacer funcionar) [+ radio, televisión, calefacción] to put on, turn on; [+ disco] to put on, play¿pongo música? — shall I put some music on?
9) (=ajustar) [+ despertador] to set•
poner el reloj [en hora] — to put one's watch right•
ponlo [más alto] — turn it up10) (=adoptar)¿por qué pones esa voz tan tonta? — why are you speaking in that silly voice?
•
¡no pongas esa [cara]! — don't look at me like that!11) (=volver) + adj, adv to makepara no ponerle de mal humor — so as not to make him cross, so as not to put him in a bad mood
¡cómo te han puesto! — (=te han manchado) look what a mess you are!; (=te han pegado) they've given you a right thumping!
12) (=servir)¿qué te pongo? — what can I get you?, what would you like?
¿me pones más patatas? — could I have some more potatoes?
13) (=conectar por teléfono) to put through¿me pone con el Sr. García, por favor? — could you put me through to Mr García, please?
14) (=exhibir)¿qué ponen en el cine? — what's on at the cinema?
¿ponen alguna película esta noche? — is there a film on tonight?
15) (=enviar) to send16) (=escribir) to put¿qué pongo en la carta? — what shall I put in the letter?
¿te has acordado de poner el remite? — did you remember to put the return address on it?
17) (=decir, estar escrito) to say¿qué pone aquí? — what does it say here?
18) (=imponer) [+ examen, trabajo] to give, setnos pone mucho trabajo — he gives {o} sets us a lot of work
•
me han puesto una [multa] — I've been fined, I've been given a fine19) (=oponer) [+ inconvenientes] to raise•
le pone [peros] a todo — he's always finding fault with everything20) (=aportar, contribuir)[+ dinero]yo pongo el dinero pero ella escoge — I do the paying, but she does the choosing
21) (=invertir) to put in22) (=apostar)23) (=llamar) to call¿qué nombre {o} cómo le van a poner? — what are they going to call him?, what name are they giving him?
24) (=criticar, alabar)•
te puso muy [bien] ante el jefe — she was very nice about you to the boss•
¡[cómo] te han puesto! — (=te han criticado) they had a real go at you!; (=te han alabado) they were really nice about you!•
tu cuñada te ha puesto muy [mal] — your sister-in-law was very nasty about you25) (=tildar)•
poner a algn [de], la han puesto de idiota para arriba — they called her an idiot and worse26) (=suponer)•
pongamos [que] ganas la lotería — suppose {o} supposing you win the lotteryponiendo que... — supposing that...
27)• poner a algn [a] + infin —
nada más llegar nos pusieron a barrer — no sooner had we arrived than we were set to sweeping the floor
28)• poner a Juan [bien] con Pedro — to make things up between Juan and Pedro
•
poner a Juan [mal] con Pedro — to make Juan fall out with Pedro, cause a rift between Juan and Pedro29) [en trabajo]•
poner a algn [de], puso a su hija de sirvienta — she got her daughter a job as a servant30)31) [gallina] [+ huevos] to lay2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO1) [aves] to lay (eggs)2) (=apostar)3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) ( colocar) to putlo pusieron en el curso avanzado — he was put o placed in the advanced class
b) <anuncio/aviso> to place, put2) ( agregar) to put¿cuándo se le pone el agua? — when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?
¿le pones azúcar al café? — do you take sugar in your coffee?
3) <ropa/calzado> (+ me/te/le etc)¿me pones los zapatos? — can you put my shoes on (for me)?
4) <inyección/supositorio> to give5)poner la mesa — to lay o set the table
6)a) (instalar, montar) <oficina/restaurante> to openb) <cocina/teléfono/calefacción> to installc) cerradura/armario to fit8) (Esp) (servir, dar)¿qué le pongo? — what can I get you?
póngame un café, por favor — I'll have a coffee, please
¿cuántos le pongo? — how many would you like?
9)a) ( contribuir)b) ( proporcionar) autobús/tren to lay on10) < atención> to pay; <cuidado/interés> to take11)b) ( oponer)no puso inconveniente — he didn't have o raise any objections
a todo le pone peros or pegas — she finds fault with everything
¿qué nota te puso? — what mark did he give you?
¿qué título le pusiste? — what title did you give it?
le pusieron el apodo de `el cojo' — they nicknamed him `el cojo'
14) ( escribir) to put15) (esp Esp) ( expresar por escrito) to say16) (Esp) (exhibir, dar) <obra/película>¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? — is there anything interesting on TV?
¿qué ponen en el Royal? — what's on o what's showing at the Royal?
17) (RPl) ( tardar) to take18) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)19) ( adoptar) cara/voz20)a) ( hacer empezar)poner a alguien a + inf: puso a las hijas a trabajar he sent his daughters out to work; lo puse a hacer los deberes — I made him do his homework
b)poner a alguien de algo: la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of department; lo pusieron de ángel he was given the part of an angel; siempre te pone de ejemplo — he always holds you up as an example
21) ( suponer)pon que perdemos ese tren... — say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train...
pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados — suppose o let's just say they're wrong
ponerle — (esp AmL)
¿cuánto se tarda? - ponle dos horas — how long does it take? - about two hours o reckon on two hours
22)a) (conectar, encender) <televisión/calefacción> to turn on, switch on, put on; <programa/canal> to put on; < disco> to put onpuso el motor en marcha — she switched on o started the engine
b) (ajustar, graduar)23) (Esp) ( al teléfono)en seguida le pongo — I'm just putting you through o connecting you
poner a alguien con algo/alguien — to put somebody through to something/somebody
2.¿me pone con la extensión 24? — could you put me through to extension 24, please?
vi gallina to lay3.1) ponerse v pron2)a) (refl) ( colocarse)pongámonos a la sombra — let's sit (o lie etc) in the shade
ponerse de rodillas — to kneel (down), get down on one's knees
ponte ahí, junto al árbol — stand over there, by the tree
se me/le puso que... — (AmS fam) I/he had a feeling that... (colloq)
se le pone cada cosa... — he gets the strangest ideas into his head
b) (Esp) ( llegar)3) sol to set4) (refl) <calzado/maquillaje/alhaja> to put onme puse el collar de perlas — I wore o put on my pearl necklace
5) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)cómo te has puesto de barro! — look at you, you're covered in mud!
6)a) ( empezar)ponerse a + inf — to start -ing, to start + inf
se puso a llover — it started raining o started to rain
b) (CS arg) ( contribuir dinero)cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse — when the bill comes, everyone has to cough up (colloq)
yo me pongo con cien — I'll put in o chip in a hundred
7) (Esp) ( al teléfono)¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone — Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for you
* * *= affix, fit, put, set, lay, set up, lay out on, lay down, deposit, play, lay out, plant, bung + Nombe + in, get on.Ex. Some libraries use small stickers affixed to the spines which have cartoons or ideograms indicating a special genre.Ex. One such method requires that each book has a magnetic strip inserted into the spine and a special exit door is fitted across which an electric signal is beamed.Ex. If you encounter an unlabeled document during charge-out, peel off one of the preprinted labels and put it in the document.Ex. If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.Ex. By such mutual assistance, the wits and endeavours of the world may no longer be as so many scattered coals, or firebrands, which, for want of union are soon quenched, whereas, being but laid together, they would have yielded a comfortable light and heat.Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex. The run-off paper must be thick and absorbent to cope with the thick layer of ink deposited on it by the duplicator.Ex. In another style of lesson, the book is approached through film clips, dramatizations on TV, or played on records or tapes made commercially.Ex. There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.Ex. The article is entitled 'To everything there is a season...a time to plant and a time to pluck up that which is planted: a life-cycle analysis of education for librarianship'.Ex. Instead of bunging it in the washing machine, clean it carefully by hand using lukewarm water.Ex. The full-length, two-direction zipper makes it easy to get on and off, and the bottom is easy to unzip for diaper changes.----* con la mirada puesta en = in + Posesivo + sights.* cosas + ponerse feas = things + get rough.* costes + ponerse por las nubes = costs + spiral.* de quita y pon = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up, removable.* encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].* no poner en duda = be unquestioned.* poner a Alguien al cargo de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al frente de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al mando de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al tanto de = fill + Alguien + in on.* poner a Alguien contra las cuerdas = put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en contacto con = put + Nombre + in touch with.* poner a Alguien en el compromiso de = leave + Nombre + with the choice of.* poner a Alguien en guardia = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.* poner a Alguien en su sitio = cut + Nombre + down to size, knock + Nombre + off + Posesivo + pedestal, cut + Nombre + down to size.* poner a Alguien en un aprieto = put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un apuro = put + Alguien + on the spot, put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un compromiso = put + Alguien + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un pedestal = put + Nombre + on a pedestal.* poner a cargo de = put in + charge of.* poner a disposición = keep within + reach.* poner a disposición de = make + available to, put at + the disposal of, place + at the disposal of, bring within + reach.* poner a la altura de las circunstancias = bring + Nombre + up to par.* poner a la defensiva = put on + the defensive.* poner al alcance = bring within + reach.* poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.* poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* poner Algo a disposición = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo al alcance = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo al descubierto = bring + Nombre + to the surface.* poner Algo a mano = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.* poner Algo en = stick + Nombre + on.* poner Algo en Internet = put (out) + Nombre + on the web.* poner Algo patas arriba = turn + Nombre + inside-out.* poner Algo por delante de = put + Nombre + ahead of.* poner Alguien al descubierto = blow + Posesivo + cover.* poner + Alguien + frenético = make + Alguien + furious.* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.* poner al revés = upend.* poner al tanto (de) = bring into + the swim of, bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* poner al tanto sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.* poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.* poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.* poner a + Número = set to + Número.* poner aparte = set + apart.* poner a + Posesivo + disposición = put at + Posesivo + fingertips.* poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, plumb + the depths of, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.* poner a prueba la paciencia de Alguien = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = try + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.* poner a punto = overhaul, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.* poner atención = lend + an ear, listen (to).* poner a un lado = lay + Nombre + aside, set + aside.* poner bonito = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.* poner carnada = bait.* poner cebo = bait.* poner como ejemplo = instance, cite + as an example, showcase.* poner con chinchetas = thumbtack.* poner delante de = lay before.* poner de manifiesto = bring into + relief, highlight, show, state, throw into + relief, throw up, evince, illustrate, underscore, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], bring to + light, make + it + clear, lay + bare, provide + insight into, reveal, flag + Nombre + up.* poner de manifiesto las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.* poner demasiado énfasis en Algo = overemphasise [over-emphasise] [overemphasize, -USA].* poner de patitas en la calle = give + Nombre + the boot, sack, boot (out), give + Nombre + the sack, turf out.* poner de pie = stand + upright.* poner de pie apoyado sobre un costado = stand on + Posesivo + side.* poner de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + bit.* poner de relieve = bring into + relief, throw into + relief, underscore, highlight, show, state, throw up, evince, illustrate, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], flag + Nombre + up, reveal.* poner de relieve la importancia = underscore + importance.* poner doble acristalamiento = double glaze.* poner el candado = padlock.* poner el centro de atención = put + focus.* poner el colofón final = bookend.* poner el culo = take + Nombre + lying down.* poner el dedo en la llaga = hit + a (raw) nerve, touch on + raw nerve, hit + the nail on the head, strike + home, strike + a nerve, touch on + a sore spot, touch + a (raw) nerve.* poner el despertador = set + the alarm clock.* poner el énfasis = put + focus.* poner el grito en el cielo = be (all) up in arms, kick up + a stink, kick up + a fuss, blow + Posesivo + top, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack, scream + blue murder, froth at + the mouth, shout + blue murder.* poner el matasellos a una carta = postmark.* poner el precio = price.* poner el sello = stamp.* poner el sello a = place + a stamp on.* poner el sello de = rubber stamp.* poner empeño = strive.* poner en adobo = marinade.* poner en alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* poner en alquiler = rent out.* poner en apuros = cast + a shadow over, put + Nombre + in difficulties.* poner encima = top with.* poner en circulación = circulate.* poner en claro = clear up.* poner en cola = queue.* poner en cola de espera = place + in queue.* poner en contacto = bring into + relationship, contact, provide + an interface, bring into + contact.* poner en contenedor = containerise [containerize, -USA].* poner en cuarentena = quarantine.* poner en cuestión = call into + question, render + questionable.* poner en cuestión la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.* poner en dificultades = put + Nombre + in difficulties.* poner en duda = challenge, be flawed, question, render + suspect, unsettle, cast + doubt on, regard + with suspicion, put in + doubt, call into + question, shed + doubt, throw into + doubt, throw + doubt on.* poner en duda la validez de = bring into + question the validity of.* poner en duda unos principios = shake + foundations.* poner en el haber de = credit.* poner en entredicho = challenge, cast + doubt on, subvert, compromise, cast + aspersions on, challenge + Posesivo + assumptions, doubt, question, call into + question, impugn.* poner en entredicho una postura = compromise + position.* poner en escena = stage.* poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* poner en evidencia = make + it + clear, underline, bring to + light, put + Nombre + to shame, call + Posesivo + bluff, bring to + the fore.* poner énfasis = put + emphasis.* poner énfasis en = lay + stress on, place + emphasis on, lay + emphasis on.* poner en forma = buff up.* poner en funcionamiento = activate, set in + action, set up, trip, put into + working order, put in + place, put in + place, put into + place, set in + motion.* poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).* poner en garantía = pawn.* poner en hielo = ice.* poner en juego = tap.* poner en la calle = evict.* poner en la pared = pin up.* poner en la red + Documento Impreso = webify + Documento Impreso.* poner en libertad = release from + jail.* poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.* poner en libertad condicional = release on + bail.* poner en libertad condicional, poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.* poner en lista de espera = put + on a waiting list.* poner en marcha = implement, set up, trip, set out on, crank up.* poner en marcha un proyecto = mobilise + effort.* poner en órbita = place into + orbit.* poner en orden = tidy up, put in + order, clear up.* poner en peligro = jeopardise [jeopardize, -USA], put into + jeopardy, imperil, put at + risk, compromise, endanger, pose + risk.* poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.* poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.* poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.* poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.* poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.* poner en préstamo = circulate.* poner en primer plano = foreground.* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.* poner en remojo = steep.* poner en ridículo = poke + fun at.* poner en riesgo = put at + risk.* poner en su sitio = put in + place.* poner en tela de juicio = throw + doubt on, contest.* poner en tensión = put + Nombre + under pressure.* poner entre comillas = enclose + in quotation marks.* poner entre corchetes = bracket.* poner entre la espada y la pared = press to + the point.* poner entre paréntesis = bracket.* poner entre rejas = put + Nombre + behind bars.* poner en uso = bring into + use, take in + use.* poner en venta = put on + sale.* poner esfuerzo = give + effort.* poner fin = curb, bring to + a close, draw to + a close.* poner fin a = put + paid to, put + an end to, put + a stop to, call + a halt on, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, sound + the death knell for, kill off.* poner fin a un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.* poner freno = curb.* poner freno a = place + a curb on, clamp down on.* poner fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.* poner guiones = hyphenate.* poner huevos = lay + eggs, oviposit.* poner impuestos = impose + VAT.* poner la brida = bridle.* poner la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.* poner la casa patas arriba = turn + the house upside down.* poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.* poner ladrillos = laying of bricks, lay + bricks.* poner la fecha = date-stamp.* poner la mesa = lay + the table.* poner la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.* poner la responsabilidad en = put + the burden on.* poner las antenas = prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.* poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.* poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.* poner las cartas sobre la mesa = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.* poner las cosas en marcha = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.* poner las cosas en movimiento = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.* poner las cosas en su lugar = set + the record straight.* poner las esposas = handcuff.* poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.* ponerle el cascabel al gato = stick + Posesivo + neck out (for), stick out + Posesivo + neck.* ponerle la guinda = put + icing on the cake.* ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.* ponerle los cuernos a = cuckold.* ponerlo de otra manera = put it + in a different way.* poner lo pelos de punta = frighten + the living daylights out of.* poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.* poner los pelos de punta = bristle, scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, make + Posesivo + hair stand on end, scare + the hell out of.* poner los pies en alto = put + Posesivo + feet up.* poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.* poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.* poner más fuerte = crank up.* poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho empeño en = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.* poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.* poner negro = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend.* poner nervioso = rattle.* poner nervioso a Alguien = give + Nombre + the screaming abdabs.* poner + Nombre + a dieta = put + Nombre + on a diet.* poner + Nombre + a + Nombre = place + Nombre + against + Nombre.* poner objeciones = object.* poner objeciones a = object to.* poner obstáculos = cramp.* poner orden = bring + order, tidying (up), create + order, clear out, clear up.* poner orden en el caos = create + order out of chaos, create + order out of chaos.* poner papel en la impresora = load + printer.* poner parches = patch up, patch.* poner patas arriba = upend.* poner pegas = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner peros = baulk [balk, -USA], cavil (about/at), quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner por las nubes = praise + highly, wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous, praise + Nombre + to the skies, sing + Posesivo + praises.* poner por los suelos = slate, slag + Nombre + off, mouth off, say + nasty things about, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, trash, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.* poner + Posesivo + granito de arena = do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + bit.* poner precio a la cabeza de = declare + open season on.* poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.* poner punto final a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, close + the book on.* poner punto y final a = put + a stop to, sound + the death knell for.* poner reparos = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner sal = salt.* ponerse = don, pull on, wax.* ponerse a = set about + Gerundio, get (a)round to, settle down to, get down to + Nombre.* ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.* ponerse a cubierto = run for + cover.* ponerse a dieta = go on + a diet.* ponerse a hacer = set out to + do.* ponerse a hacer Algo en serio = buckle down to.* ponerse al corriente = come up to + speed.* ponerse al corriente de = catch up with, catch up on.* ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.* ponerse al día de = get up to + speed on.* ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.* ponerse al día en = catch up with, catch up on.* ponerse Algo = slip + Nombre + on.* ponerse al rojo vivo = reach + boiling point, fire up.* ponerse al tanto = get + up to speed, wise up.* ponerse al tanto de = get up to + speed on.* ponerse a malas con = run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.* ponerse amarillo de envidia = turn + green with envy.* ponerse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.* ponerse a trabajar en serio = get on with + Posesivo + work, buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.* ponerse a trabajar por cuenta propia = strike out on + Posesivo + own.* ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.* ponerse blanco = turn + white, whiten.* ponerse borroso = blur.* ponerse ciego = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).* ponerse + Color = go + Color.* ponerse colorado = get + red in the face, go + bright red.* ponerse colorado como un tomate = go + bright red.* ponerse como loco = go + crazy, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.* ponerse como una fiera = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse como unas castañuelas = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.* ponerse como un energúmeno = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + a fuse, wax + indignant, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, tear + Posesivo + hair out, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse contentísimo = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.* ponerse de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).* ponerse del lado de = side with.* ponerse del lado de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.* ponerse de lleno a = buckle down to.* ponerse de mil colores = go + bright red.* ponerse de moda = come into + vogue, come into + fashion.* ponerse de parte de = side with.* ponerse de parte de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.* ponerse de pie = rise, stand up, get to + Posesivo + feet, rise to + Posesivo + feet.* ponerse de punta = stand out.* ponerse, el = donning, the.* ponerse el cinturón = buckle up.* ponerse en cola = queue up, line up.* ponerse en contacto = make + contact.* ponerse en contacto con = be in touch (with), interact (with), get in + touch with.* ponerse en contra de = turn against.* ponerse en cuclillas = squat (down), crouch (down).* ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.* ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.* ponerse enfermo = get + sick.* ponerse en fila = line up.* ponerse en forma = get + fit.* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.* ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.* ponerse en marcha = set off, get off + the ground, swing into + action.* ponerse en medio = get in + the way (of).* ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.* ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.* ponerse en ridículo = make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.* ponerse en tensión = tense up.* ponerse firme = stand to + attention.* ponerse frenético = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, work up + a lather, tear + Posesivo + hair out, be furious.* ponerse fresco con = act + fresh with.* ponerse furioso = infuriate, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.* ponerse gallito = bluster.* ponerse hecho una fiera = go + ballistic, go + berserk, blow + Posesivo + top, go + postal, go + crazy, blow + a fuse, lose + Posesivo + temper, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse hecho una furia = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho un basilisco = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho un energúmeno = go + ballistic, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse histérico = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler.* ponerse la ropa rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.* ponerse las medallas = take + the credit (for).* ponerse las orejeras = put on + blinkers.* ponerse las pilas = buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.* ponerse las pilas, ponerse de lleno a, ponerse a trabajar en serio = buckle down to.* ponerse loco = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather.* ponerse manos a la obra = get down to + business, swing into + action.* ponerse marrón = turn + brown.* ponerse morado = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).* ponerse nervioso = get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, be in a tizz(y), get in(to) a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* ponerse por las nubes = go + ballistic.* ponerse rígido = stiffen.* ponerse rojo = get + red in the face, go + bright red.* ponerse rojo como un tomate = go + bright red.* ponerse seriamente a = settle to.* ponerse tenso = tense up, stress + Nombre + out.* ponerse tibio = pig out (on).* ponerse una tarea = set + Reflexivo + task.* poner sobre aviso = alert to.* poner término a = put + paid to.* poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.* poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = give + Posesivo + best, do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.* poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.* poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.* poner trabas = cramp.* poner una bomba = plant + bomb.* poner una demanda = face + legal action.* poner una denuncia = file + police report.* poner una marca de comprobación = check-mark.* poner una nota en un sitio público = post.* poner una reclamación = appeal.* poner una señal = put up + a sign, put up + a notice.* poner una señal de aviso = post + a warning, post + a warning sign.* poner una tienda = pitch + tent.* poner un círculo alrededor = circle.* poner un ejemplo = take + an example, draw + example.* poner un letrero = put up + a sign, post + a notice, put up + a notice.* poner un pie = set + foot (inside/in/on).* poner un poquito de picante = pep up.* poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.* poner verde = mouth off, get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue, trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, slate, rubbish.* poner vertical = stand + upright, upend.* poner y quitar = get on and off.* pongamos el caso de que = for the sake of + argument.* pongamos, por ejemplo,... = let us say, take, for example,..., take, for instance,....* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* precio + ponerse por las nubes = price + go through the roof, price + spiral out of control, price + soar through the roof.* precios + ponerse por las nubes = prices + spiral.* que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.* que pone obstáculos = obstructive.* quita o pon = give or take.* sin poner en duda la veracidad de Algo temporalmente = suspension of disbelief.* sin poner en escena = unproduced.* sin ponerlo en duda = uncritically.* sin ponerse en duda = unquestioned.* sólo con la ropa interior puesta = in + Posesivo + underclothes.* sol + ponerse (por) = sun + set (on).* volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.* ya lo quitas, ya lo pones = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) ( colocar) to putlo pusieron en el curso avanzado — he was put o placed in the advanced class
b) <anuncio/aviso> to place, put2) ( agregar) to put¿cuándo se le pone el agua? — when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?
¿le pones azúcar al café? — do you take sugar in your coffee?
3) <ropa/calzado> (+ me/te/le etc)¿me pones los zapatos? — can you put my shoes on (for me)?
4) <inyección/supositorio> to give5)poner la mesa — to lay o set the table
6)a) (instalar, montar) <oficina/restaurante> to openb) <cocina/teléfono/calefacción> to installc) cerradura/armario to fit8) (Esp) (servir, dar)¿qué le pongo? — what can I get you?
póngame un café, por favor — I'll have a coffee, please
¿cuántos le pongo? — how many would you like?
9)a) ( contribuir)b) ( proporcionar) autobús/tren to lay on10) < atención> to pay; <cuidado/interés> to take11)b) ( oponer)no puso inconveniente — he didn't have o raise any objections
a todo le pone peros or pegas — she finds fault with everything
¿qué nota te puso? — what mark did he give you?
¿qué título le pusiste? — what title did you give it?
le pusieron el apodo de `el cojo' — they nicknamed him `el cojo'
14) ( escribir) to put15) (esp Esp) ( expresar por escrito) to say16) (Esp) (exhibir, dar) <obra/película>¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? — is there anything interesting on TV?
¿qué ponen en el Royal? — what's on o what's showing at the Royal?
17) (RPl) ( tardar) to take18) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)19) ( adoptar) cara/voz20)a) ( hacer empezar)poner a alguien a + inf: puso a las hijas a trabajar he sent his daughters out to work; lo puse a hacer los deberes — I made him do his homework
b)poner a alguien de algo: la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of department; lo pusieron de ángel he was given the part of an angel; siempre te pone de ejemplo — he always holds you up as an example
21) ( suponer)pon que perdemos ese tren... — say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train...
pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados — suppose o let's just say they're wrong
ponerle — (esp AmL)
¿cuánto se tarda? - ponle dos horas — how long does it take? - about two hours o reckon on two hours
22)a) (conectar, encender) <televisión/calefacción> to turn on, switch on, put on; <programa/canal> to put on; < disco> to put onpuso el motor en marcha — she switched on o started the engine
b) (ajustar, graduar)23) (Esp) ( al teléfono)en seguida le pongo — I'm just putting you through o connecting you
poner a alguien con algo/alguien — to put somebody through to something/somebody
2.¿me pone con la extensión 24? — could you put me through to extension 24, please?
vi gallina to lay3.1) ponerse v pron2)a) (refl) ( colocarse)pongámonos a la sombra — let's sit (o lie etc) in the shade
ponerse de rodillas — to kneel (down), get down on one's knees
ponte ahí, junto al árbol — stand over there, by the tree
se me/le puso que... — (AmS fam) I/he had a feeling that... (colloq)
se le pone cada cosa... — he gets the strangest ideas into his head
b) (Esp) ( llegar)3) sol to set4) (refl) <calzado/maquillaje/alhaja> to put onme puse el collar de perlas — I wore o put on my pearl necklace
5) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)cómo te has puesto de barro! — look at you, you're covered in mud!
6)a) ( empezar)ponerse a + inf — to start -ing, to start + inf
se puso a llover — it started raining o started to rain
b) (CS arg) ( contribuir dinero)cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse — when the bill comes, everyone has to cough up (colloq)
yo me pongo con cien — I'll put in o chip in a hundred
7) (Esp) ( al teléfono)¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone — Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for you
* * *= affix, fit, put, set, lay, set up, lay out on, lay down, deposit, play, lay out, plant, bung + Nombe + in, get on.Ex: Some libraries use small stickers affixed to the spines which have cartoons or ideograms indicating a special genre.
Ex: One such method requires that each book has a magnetic strip inserted into the spine and a special exit door is fitted across which an electric signal is beamed.Ex: If you encounter an unlabeled document during charge-out, peel off one of the preprinted labels and put it in the document.Ex: If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.Ex: By such mutual assistance, the wits and endeavours of the world may no longer be as so many scattered coals, or firebrands, which, for want of union are soon quenched, whereas, being but laid together, they would have yielded a comfortable light and heat.Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.Ex: The run-off paper must be thick and absorbent to cope with the thick layer of ink deposited on it by the duplicator.Ex: In another style of lesson, the book is approached through film clips, dramatizations on TV, or played on records or tapes made commercially.Ex: There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.Ex: The article is entitled 'To everything there is a season...a time to plant and a time to pluck up that which is planted: a life-cycle analysis of education for librarianship'.Ex: Instead of bunging it in the washing machine, clean it carefully by hand using lukewarm water.Ex: The full-length, two-direction zipper makes it easy to get on and off, and the bottom is easy to unzip for diaper changes.* con la mirada puesta en = in + Posesivo + sights.* cosas + ponerse feas = things + get rough.* costes + ponerse por las nubes = costs + spiral.* de quita y pon = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up, removable.* encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].* no poner en duda = be unquestioned.* poner a Alguien al cargo de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al frente de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al mando de = put + Nombre + in charge of.* poner a Alguien al tanto de = fill + Alguien + in on.* poner a Alguien contra las cuerdas = put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en contacto con = put + Nombre + in touch with.* poner a Alguien en el compromiso de = leave + Nombre + with the choice of.* poner a Alguien en guardia = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.* poner a Alguien en su sitio = cut + Nombre + down to size, knock + Nombre + off + Posesivo + pedestal, cut + Nombre + down to size.* poner a Alguien en un aprieto = put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un apuro = put + Alguien + on the spot, put + Nombre + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un compromiso = put + Alguien + on the spot.* poner a Alguien en un pedestal = put + Nombre + on a pedestal.* poner a cargo de = put in + charge of.* poner a disposición = keep within + reach.* poner a disposición de = make + available to, put at + the disposal of, place + at the disposal of, bring within + reach.* poner a la altura de las circunstancias = bring + Nombre + up to par.* poner a la defensiva = put on + the defensive.* poner al alcance = bring within + reach.* poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.* poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* poner Algo a disposición = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo al alcance = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo al descubierto = bring + Nombre + to the surface.* poner Algo a mano = put + Nombre + within reach.* poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.* poner Algo en = stick + Nombre + on.* poner Algo en Internet = put (out) + Nombre + on the web.* poner Algo patas arriba = turn + Nombre + inside-out.* poner Algo por delante de = put + Nombre + ahead of.* poner Alguien al descubierto = blow + Posesivo + cover.* poner + Alguien + frenético = make + Alguien + furious.* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.* poner al revés = upend.* poner al tanto (de) = bring into + the swim of, bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* poner al tanto sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.* poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.* poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.* poner a + Número = set to + Número.* poner aparte = set + apart.* poner a + Posesivo + disposición = put at + Posesivo + fingertips.* poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, plumb + the depths of, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.* poner a prueba la paciencia de Alguien = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = try + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.* poner a punto = overhaul, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.* poner atención = lend + an ear, listen (to).* poner a un lado = lay + Nombre + aside, set + aside.* poner bonito = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.* poner carnada = bait.* poner cebo = bait.* poner como ejemplo = instance, cite + as an example, showcase.* poner con chinchetas = thumbtack.* poner delante de = lay before.* poner de manifiesto = bring into + relief, highlight, show, state, throw into + relief, throw up, evince, illustrate, underscore, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], bring to + light, make + it + clear, lay + bare, provide + insight into, reveal, flag + Nombre + up.* poner de manifiesto las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.* poner demasiado énfasis en Algo = overemphasise [over-emphasise] [overemphasize, -USA].* poner de patitas en la calle = give + Nombre + the boot, sack, boot (out), give + Nombre + the sack, turf out.* poner de pie = stand + upright.* poner de pie apoyado sobre un costado = stand on + Posesivo + side.* poner de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + bit.* poner de relieve = bring into + relief, throw into + relief, underscore, highlight, show, state, throw up, evince, illustrate, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], flag + Nombre + up, reveal.* poner de relieve la importancia = underscore + importance.* poner doble acristalamiento = double glaze.* poner el candado = padlock.* poner el centro de atención = put + focus.* poner el colofón final = bookend.* poner el culo = take + Nombre + lying down.* poner el dedo en la llaga = hit + a (raw) nerve, touch on + raw nerve, hit + the nail on the head, strike + home, strike + a nerve, touch on + a sore spot, touch + a (raw) nerve.* poner el despertador = set + the alarm clock.* poner el énfasis = put + focus.* poner el grito en el cielo = be (all) up in arms, kick up + a stink, kick up + a fuss, blow + Posesivo + top, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack, scream + blue murder, froth at + the mouth, shout + blue murder.* poner el matasellos a una carta = postmark.* poner el precio = price.* poner el sello = stamp.* poner el sello a = place + a stamp on.* poner el sello de = rubber stamp.* poner empeño = strive.* poner en adobo = marinade.* poner en alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* poner en alquiler = rent out.* poner en apuros = cast + a shadow over, put + Nombre + in difficulties.* poner encima = top with.* poner en circulación = circulate.* poner en claro = clear up.* poner en cola = queue.* poner en cola de espera = place + in queue.* poner en contacto = bring into + relationship, contact, provide + an interface, bring into + contact.* poner en contenedor = containerise [containerize, -USA].* poner en cuarentena = quarantine.* poner en cuestión = call into + question, render + questionable.* poner en cuestión la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.* poner en dificultades = put + Nombre + in difficulties.* poner en duda = challenge, be flawed, question, render + suspect, unsettle, cast + doubt on, regard + with suspicion, put in + doubt, call into + question, shed + doubt, throw into + doubt, throw + doubt on.* poner en duda la validez de = bring into + question the validity of.* poner en duda unos principios = shake + foundations.* poner en el haber de = credit.* poner en entredicho = challenge, cast + doubt on, subvert, compromise, cast + aspersions on, challenge + Posesivo + assumptions, doubt, question, call into + question, impugn.* poner en entredicho una postura = compromise + position.* poner en escena = stage.* poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* poner en evidencia = make + it + clear, underline, bring to + light, put + Nombre + to shame, call + Posesivo + bluff, bring to + the fore.* poner énfasis = put + emphasis.* poner énfasis en = lay + stress on, place + emphasis on, lay + emphasis on.* poner en forma = buff up.* poner en funcionamiento = activate, set in + action, set up, trip, put into + working order, put in + place, put in + place, put into + place, set in + motion.* poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).* poner en garantía = pawn.* poner en hielo = ice.* poner en juego = tap.* poner en la calle = evict.* poner en la pared = pin up.* poner en la red + Documento Impreso = webify + Documento Impreso.* poner en libertad = release from + jail.* poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.* poner en libertad condicional = release on + bail.* poner en libertad condicional, poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.* poner en lista de espera = put + on a waiting list.* poner en marcha = implement, set up, trip, set out on, crank up.* poner en marcha un proyecto = mobilise + effort.* poner en órbita = place into + orbit.* poner en orden = tidy up, put in + order, clear up.* poner en peligro = jeopardise [jeopardize, -USA], put into + jeopardy, imperil, put at + risk, compromise, endanger, pose + risk.* poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.* poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.* poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.* poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.* poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.* poner en préstamo = circulate.* poner en primer plano = foreground.* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.* poner en remojo = steep.* poner en ridículo = poke + fun at.* poner en riesgo = put at + risk.* poner en su sitio = put in + place.* poner en tela de juicio = throw + doubt on, contest.* poner en tensión = put + Nombre + under pressure.* poner entre comillas = enclose + in quotation marks.* poner entre corchetes = bracket.* poner entre la espada y la pared = press to + the point.* poner entre paréntesis = bracket.* poner entre rejas = put + Nombre + behind bars.* poner en uso = bring into + use, take in + use.* poner en venta = put on + sale.* poner esfuerzo = give + effort.* poner fin = curb, bring to + a close, draw to + a close.* poner fin a = put + paid to, put + an end to, put + a stop to, call + a halt on, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, sound + the death knell for, kill off.* poner fin a un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.* poner freno = curb.* poner freno a = place + a curb on, clamp down on.* poner fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.* poner guiones = hyphenate.* poner huevos = lay + eggs, oviposit.* poner impuestos = impose + VAT.* poner la brida = bridle.* poner la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.* poner la casa patas arriba = turn + the house upside down.* poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.* poner ladrillos = laying of bricks, lay + bricks.* poner la fecha = date-stamp.* poner la mesa = lay + the table.* poner la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.* poner la responsabilidad en = put + the burden on.* poner las antenas = prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.* poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.* poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.* poner las cartas sobre la mesa = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.* poner las cosas en marcha = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.* poner las cosas en movimiento = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.* poner las cosas en su lugar = set + the record straight.* poner las esposas = handcuff.* poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.* ponerle el cascabel al gato = stick + Posesivo + neck out (for), stick out + Posesivo + neck.* ponerle la guinda = put + icing on the cake.* ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.* ponerle los cuernos a = cuckold.* ponerlo de otra manera = put it + in a different way.* poner lo pelos de punta = frighten + the living daylights out of.* poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.* poner los pelos de punta = bristle, scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, make + Posesivo + hair stand on end, scare + the hell out of.* poner los pies en alto = put + Posesivo + feet up.* poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.* poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.* poner más fuerte = crank up.* poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.* poner mucho empeño en = put + Posesivo + heart into.* poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.* poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.* poner negro = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend.* poner nervioso = rattle.* poner nervioso a Alguien = give + Nombre + the screaming abdabs.* poner + Nombre + a dieta = put + Nombre + on a diet.* poner + Nombre + a + Nombre = place + Nombre + against + Nombre.* poner objeciones = object.* poner objeciones a = object to.* poner obstáculos = cramp.* poner orden = bring + order, tidying (up), create + order, clear out, clear up.* poner orden en el caos = create + order out of chaos, create + order out of chaos.* poner papel en la impresora = load + printer.* poner parches = patch up, patch.* poner patas arriba = upend.* poner pegas = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner peros = baulk [balk, -USA], cavil (about/at), quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner por las nubes = praise + highly, wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous, praise + Nombre + to the skies, sing + Posesivo + praises.* poner por los suelos = slate, slag + Nombre + off, mouth off, say + nasty things about, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, trash, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.* poner + Posesivo + granito de arena = do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + bit.* poner precio a la cabeza de = declare + open season on.* poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.* poner punto final a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, close + the book on.* poner punto y final a = put + a stop to, sound + the death knell for.* poner reparos = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* poner sal = salt.* ponerse = don, pull on, wax.* ponerse a = set about + Gerundio, get (a)round to, settle down to, get down to + Nombre.* ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.* ponerse a cubierto = run for + cover.* ponerse a dieta = go on + a diet.* ponerse a hacer = set out to + do.* ponerse a hacer Algo en serio = buckle down to.* ponerse al corriente = come up to + speed.* ponerse al corriente de = catch up with, catch up on.* ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.* ponerse al día de = get up to + speed on.* ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.* ponerse al día en = catch up with, catch up on.* ponerse Algo = slip + Nombre + on.* ponerse al rojo vivo = reach + boiling point, fire up.* ponerse al tanto = get + up to speed, wise up.* ponerse al tanto de = get up to + speed on.* ponerse a malas con = run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.* ponerse amarillo de envidia = turn + green with envy.* ponerse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.* ponerse a trabajar en serio = get on with + Posesivo + work, buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.* ponerse a trabajar por cuenta propia = strike out on + Posesivo + own.* ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.* ponerse blanco = turn + white, whiten.* ponerse borroso = blur.* ponerse ciego = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).* ponerse + Color = go + Color.* ponerse colorado = get + red in the face, go + bright red.* ponerse colorado como un tomate = go + bright red.* ponerse como loco = go + crazy, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.* ponerse como una fiera = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse como unas castañuelas = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.* ponerse como un energúmeno = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + a fuse, wax + indignant, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, tear + Posesivo + hair out, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse contentísimo = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.* ponerse de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).* ponerse del lado de = side with.* ponerse del lado de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.* ponerse de lleno a = buckle down to.* ponerse de mil colores = go + bright red.* ponerse de moda = come into + vogue, come into + fashion.* ponerse de parte de = side with.* ponerse de parte de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.* ponerse de pie = rise, stand up, get to + Posesivo + feet, rise to + Posesivo + feet.* ponerse de punta = stand out.* ponerse, el = donning, the.* ponerse el cinturón = buckle up.* ponerse en cola = queue up, line up.* ponerse en contacto = make + contact.* ponerse en contacto con = be in touch (with), interact (with), get in + touch with.* ponerse en contra de = turn against.* ponerse en cuclillas = squat (down), crouch (down).* ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.* ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.* ponerse enfermo = get + sick.* ponerse en fila = line up.* ponerse en forma = get + fit.* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.* ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.* ponerse en marcha = set off, get off + the ground, swing into + action.* ponerse en medio = get in + the way (of).* ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.* ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.* ponerse en ridículo = make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.* ponerse en tensión = tense up.* ponerse firme = stand to + attention.* ponerse frenético = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, work up + a lather, tear + Posesivo + hair out, be furious.* ponerse fresco con = act + fresh with.* ponerse furioso = infuriate, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.* ponerse gallito = bluster.* ponerse hecho una fiera = go + ballistic, go + berserk, blow + Posesivo + top, go + postal, go + crazy, blow + a fuse, lose + Posesivo + temper, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse hecho una furia = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho un basilisco = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho un energúmeno = go + ballistic, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.* ponerse histérico = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler.* ponerse la ropa rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.* ponerse las medallas = take + the credit (for).* ponerse las orejeras = put on + blinkers.* ponerse las pilas = buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.* ponerse las pilas, ponerse de lleno a, ponerse a trabajar en serio = buckle down to.* ponerse loco = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather.* ponerse manos a la obra = get down to + business, swing into + action.* ponerse marrón = turn + brown.* ponerse morado = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).* ponerse nervioso = get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, be in a tizz(y), get in(to) a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* ponerse por las nubes = go + ballistic.* ponerse rígido = stiffen.* ponerse rojo = get + red in the face, go + bright red.* ponerse rojo como un tomate = go + bright red.* ponerse seriamente a = settle to.* ponerse tenso = tense up, stress + Nombre + out.* ponerse tibio = pig out (on).* ponerse una tarea = set + Reflexivo + task.* poner sobre aviso = alert to.* poner término a = put + paid to.* poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.* poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = give + Posesivo + best, do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.* poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.* poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.* poner trabas = cramp.* poner una bomba = plant + bomb.* poner una demanda = face + legal action.* poner una denuncia = file + police report.* poner una marca de comprobación = check-mark.* poner una nota en un sitio público = post.* poner una reclamación = appeal.* poner una señal = put up + a sign, put up + a notice.* poner una señal de aviso = post + a warning, post + a warning sign.* poner una tienda = pitch + tent.* poner un círculo alrededor = circle.* poner un ejemplo = take + an example, draw + example.* poner un letrero = put up + a sign, post + a notice, put up + a notice.* poner un pie = set + foot (inside/in/on).* poner un poquito de picante = pep up.* poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.* poner verde = mouth off, get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue, trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, slate, rubbish.* poner vertical = stand + upright, upend.* poner y quitar = get on and off.* pongamos el caso de que = for the sake of + argument.* pongamos, por ejemplo,... = let us say, take, for example,..., take, for instance,....* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* precio + ponerse por las nubes = price + go through the roof, price + spiral out of control, price + soar through the roof.* precios + ponerse por las nubes = prices + spiral.* que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.* que pone obstáculos = obstructive.* quita o pon = give or take.* sin poner en duda la veracidad de Algo temporalmente = suspension of disbelief.* sin poner en escena = unproduced.* sin ponerlo en duda = uncritically.* sin ponerse en duda = unquestioned.* sólo con la ropa interior puesta = in + Posesivo + underclothes.* sol + ponerse (por) = sun + set (on).* volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.* ya lo quitas, ya lo pones = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up.* * *■ poner (verbo transitivo)A1 colocar2 poner: anuncio, avisoB agregarC ropa, calzado etcD ‹inyección/supositorio›E poner la mesaF1 instalar, montar2 poner: cocina, teléfono etc3 poner: cerradura etcG poner: huevosH servir, darA1 contribuir2 proporcionarB poner: atención, cuidadoC1 imponer2 oponer3 adjudicarD poner: nombreE enviarF escribirG1 expresar por escrito2 impersonalH exhibir, darI tardarA en un estado, una situaciónB poner: cara, voz, etcC1 hacer empezar2 poner a alguien de algoD suponerA1 conectar, encender2 ajustar, graduarB poner al teléfono■ poner (verbo intransitivo)A1 apostar2 contribuir dineroB poner: gallinasC México: vulg■ ponerse (verbo pronominal)A1 colocarse2 llegarB ponerse: el solC ponerse: calzado etcA en un estado, una situaciónB1 empezar2 esforzarse, esmerarse3 contribuir dineroSentido III ponerse al teléfonovtA1 (colocar) to put¿dónde habré puesto las llaves? where can I have put the keys?¿dónde vas a poner este cuadro? where are you going to put o hang this picture?pon ese cuadro derecho put that picture straight, straighten that picturelo pusieron en el curso avanzado he was put o placed in the advanced classponle la cadena a la puerta put the chain on the doorpon agua a calentar put some water on to boil2 ‹anuncio/aviso› to place, putpusieron un anuncio en el periódico they put o placed an advertisement in the newspaperB (agregar) to put¿cuándo se le pone el agua? when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?¿le has puesto sal a la sopa? have you put any salt in the soup?¿le pones azúcar al café? do you take sugar in your coffee?C ‹ropa/calzado› (+ me/te/le etc):¿me pones los zapatos? can you put my shoes on (for me)?le puse el vestido rojo I dressed her in her red dressD ‹inyección/supositorio› to giveel dentista le puso una inyección the dentist gave him an injectionEponer la mesa to lay o set the tableF1 (instalar, montar) ‹oficina/restaurante› to openpuso un estudio junto con otra arquitecta she set up in business with another architectconsiguió permiso para poner una autoescuela he got permission to open a driving schoolles ayudó a poner la casa he helped them set up house o homepusieron la casa/oficina a todo lujo they furnished the house/fitted the office out in stylele puso un apartamento a su amante he set his mistress up in an apartment2 ‹cocina/teléfono/calefacción› to installvan a poner cocinas de gas they are going to install o fit gas cookers3 ‹cerradura/armario› to fitG «ave» ‹huevos› to layH( Esp) (servir, dar): ¿qué le pongo? what can I get you?póngame un café, por favor I'll have a coffee, please¿cuántos le pongo, señora? how many would you like, madam?A1 (contribuir):él pone el capital y yo el trabajo he puts up the capital and I supply the laborpusimos 500 pesos cada uno we put in 500 pesos eachque cada uno ponga lo que pueda each person should give what he or she can afford2 (proporcionar) ‹autobús/tren› to lay onla empresa puso la comida y la bebida food and drink was laid on by the companyB ‹atención› to pay; ‹cuidado› to takepon más atención en lo que estás haciendo pay more attention to what you're doingno ha puesto ningún cuidado en este trabajo she hasn't taken any care at all over this piece of workpone mucho entusiasmo en todo lo que hace he's very enthusiastic about everything he does, he puts a lot of enthusiasm into everything he doesC1 (imponer) ‹deberes› to give, set; ‹examen› to setnos pusieron 20 preguntas we were given o set 20 questionsle pusieron una multa por exceso de velocidad he was fined for speeding2(oponer): no me puso ningún inconveniente he didn't have o raise any objectionsa todo le tiene que poner peros or pegas she finds fault with everything3 (adjudicar) ‹nota› to give¿qué (nota) te puso en la redacción? what (mark) did he give you for your essay?le pusieron un cero he got nought out of tenD (dar) ‹nombre/apodo› to give¡qué nombre más feo le pusieron! what a horrible name to give him!le pusieron Eva they called her Eva¿qué título le vas a poner al poema? what title are you going to give the poem?, what are you going to call the poem?le pusieron el sobrenombre de `el cojo' they nicknamed him `el cojo'F (escribir) to putno has puesto ningún acento you haven't put any of the accents inno sé qué más ponerle I don't know what else to put o writepuso mi nombre en la lista she put my name down on the listG ( esp Esp)1 (expresar por escrito) to sayel periódico no pone nada sobre el robo the newspaper doesn't say anything about the robbery2 ( impersonal):mira a ver lo que pone en esa nota see what that note saysallí pone que no se puede pasar it says there that you can't go in¿qué pone aquí? what does it say here?, what does this say?H ( Esp) (exhibir, dar)‹obra/película› ¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? is there anything interesting on TV?¿qué ponen en el Trocadero? what's on o what's showing at the Trocadero?en el teatro ponen una obra de Casares there's a play by Casares on at the theaterno pusieron ninguna película buena en Navidad there wasn't a single good film on over Christmas, they didn't show a single good film over Christmasel avión pone media hora de Montevideo a Buenos Aires the plane takes half an hour from Montevideo to Buenos Airesde allí a Salta pusimos tres horas it took us three hours from there to SaltaA (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):me pones nerviosa you're making me nervousya la has puesto de mal humor now you've put her in a bad mood¿por qué me pusiste en evidencia así? why did you show me up like that?lo pusiste en un aprieto you put him in an awkward positionnos puso al corriente de lo sucedido he brought us up to date with what had happened¡mira cómo has puesto la alfombra! look at the mess you've made on the carpet!me estás poniendo las cosas muy difíciles you're making things very difficult for meB (adoptar) ‹cara/voz›no pongas esa cara there's no need to look like thatpuso cara de enfado he looked annoyedpuso voz de asustado he sounded scaredC1(hacer empezar): el médico me puso a régimen the doctor put me on a dietponer a algn A + INF:tuvo que poner a las hijas a trabajar he had to send his daughters out to worklo puso a estudiar guitarra con Rodríguez she sent him to have guitar lessons with Rodríguezlo puso a pelar cebollas she set him to work peeling onions2 poner a algn DE algo:la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of departmentlo pusieron de ángel he was given a part as an angel, he was given the part of an angelsu padre lo puso de botones en la oficina his father gave him a job as an office boysiempre te pone de ejemplo he always holds you up as an exampleD(suponer): pon que perdemos ese tren, no podríamos volver say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train, then we wouldn't be able to get backpon que es cierto ¿qué harías entonces? say o suppose o supposing it is true, then what would you do?pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados suppose o let's just say they're wrongponerle ( AmL): ¿cuánto se tarda? — ponle dos horas how long does it take? — about two hours o in the region of two hours o reckon on two hours¿cuánto nos costará? — y … pónganle alrededor de $200 how much will it cost us? — well, … you'd better reckon on about $200A1 (conectar, encender) ‹televisión/calefacción› to turn o switch o put on; ‹programa/canal› to put onpon un disco put on a recordpuso el motor en marcha she switched on o started the enginetodavía no nos han puesto la luz we haven't had our electricity connected yet2(ajustar, graduar): pon el despertador a las siete set the alarm (clock) for seven¿puedes poner la música un poco más alta? can you turn the music up a bit?puso el reloj en hora she put the clock right, she set the clock to the right timeponer el motor a punto to tune up the engineBponer a algn CON algn/algo to put sb THROUGH TO sb/sth¿me puede poner con el director, por favor? could you put me through to o could I speak to the director, please?¿me pone con la extensión 24? could you put me through to o can I have extension 24, please?■ ponerviA2 (contribuir dinero) to contribute¿vas a poner para el regalo de Pilar? are you going to give something o contribute toward(s) Pilar's present?B «gallina» to lay■ ponerseA1 ( refl)ponerse de pie to stand up, standponerse de rodillas to kneel, kneel down, get down on one's kneesponte ahí, junto al árbol stand over there, by the treeponérsele a algn algo ( AmL fam): se le puso que tenía que escalar la montaña he got it into his head that he had to climb the mountaina ese viejo se le pone cada cosa that old man gets the strangest ideas into his head2B «sol» to setC ( refl) ‹calzado/maquillaje/alhaja› to put onponte el abrigo put your coat onno tengo nada que ponerme I don't have a thing to wearmi hermano siempre se pone mi ropa my brother is always borrowing my clothesponte un poco de sombra de ojos put on a little eyeshadowme puse el collar de perlas I wore o put on my pearl necklaceA (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):me puse furiosa I got very angrycuando lo vio se puso muy contenta she was so happy when she saw itadelante, pónganse cómodos come in, make yourselves comfortableno te pongas así, que no es para tanto don't get so worked up, it's not that bad¡mira cómo te has puesto de barro! just look at you, you're covered in mud!no te imaginas cómo se puso, hecha una fiera you wouldn't believe the way she reacted, she went absolutely wildla vida se está poniendo carísima everything's getting so expensiveB1 (empezar) ponerse A + INF to start -INGse va a poner a llover de un momento a otro it's going to start raining o to start to rain any minutea ver si te pones a trabajar you'd better start workingse puso a llorar sin motivo aparente she started crying o to cry for no apparent reason2 ( fam) (esforzarse, esmerarse) to try, make an effortsi te pones lo acabas hoy mismo if you make an effort o if you try o if you put your mind to it, you'll finish it today3(CS arg) (contribuir dinero): cuando se casaron el viejo se puso con $5.000 when they got married, her old man shelled out $5,000 ( colloq)cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse when the check comes, everyone has to cough up ( colloq)yo me pongo con cien I'll put in o chip in a hundred ( colloq)( Esp) (al teléfono): ¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for youdile a tu madre que se ponga tell your mother I want to speak to her, ask your mother to come to the phone* * *
poner ( conjugate poner) verbo transitivo
1
ponle el collar al perro put the dog's collar on;
poner una bomba to plant a bomb
2 ( agregar) to put
3 ‹inyección/supositorio› to give
4◊ poner la mesa to lay o set the table
5 (instalar, montar)
6 [ ave] ‹ huevo› to lay
7 (Esp) (servir, dar):◊ póngame un café, por favor I'll have a coffee, please;
¿cuántos le pongo? how many would you like?
1 ‹ dinero› ( contribuir) to put in;
2 ‹ atención› to pay;
‹cuidado/interés› to take;
3
‹examen/problema› to set;
4 ( dar) ‹nombre/apodo› to give;
‹ ejemplo› to give;
5 ( enviar) ‹ telegrama› to send
6 ( escribir) ‹dedicatoria/líneas› to write
7 (Esp) (exhibir, dar) ‹ película› to show;◊ ¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? is there anything interesting on TV?;
¿qué ponen en el Royal? what's on o what's showing at the Royal?
1
‹programa/canal› to put on;
‹cinta/disco/música› to put on;◊ puso el motor en marcha she switched on o started the engine
puso el reloj en hora she put the clock right
2 (Esp) ( al teléfono): poner a algn con algo/algn to put sb through to sth/sb
(en estado, situación) (+ compl):
poner a algn en un aprieto to put sb in an awkward position
vi [ ave] to lay
ponerse verbo pronominal
1 ( refl) ( colocarse):
ponerse de pie to stand (up);
ponerse de rodillas to kneel (down), get down on one's knees
2 [ sol] to set
3 ( refl) ‹calzado/maquillaje/alhaja› to put on;
1 (en estado, situación) (+ compl):
se puso triste she became sad;
cuando lo vio se puso muy contenta she was so happy when she saw it;
se puso como loco he went mad;
ponerse cómodo to make oneself comfortable
2 ( empezar) ponerse a + inf to start -ing, to start + inf;
(Esp):
poner verbo transitivo
1 (en un lugar, una situación) to put: me puso en un aprieto, he put me in a tight corner
(seguido de adjetivo) to make: me pone contento, he makes me happy
2 (hacer funcionar) to turn o switch on
3 (un fax, telegrama) to send
poner una conferencia, to make a long-distance call
4 (una multa, un castigo) to impose
5 (abrir un negocio) to set up
6 (vestir) to put on
7 (exponer) tienes que poner la planta al sol/a la sombra, you have to put the plant in the sun/shade
8 (aportar) yo puse mil pesetas, I contributed a thousand pesetas
9 (conjeturar, imaginar) to suppose: pongamos que..., supposing (that)...
10 (estar escrito) lo pone aquí, it's written here
no pone nada de eso, it doesn't say anything about that
11 TV Cine to put on, show
12 Tel ponme con él, put me through to him
13 (un nombre) le pondremos Tadeo, we are going to call him Tadeo
ya le puso título a la novela, he has already given the novel a title
♦ Locuciones: poner a alguien a caldo, to pull sb to pieces
poner a cien, to make sb nervous: me pone a cien cuando habla de ese modo, when he talks that way I get nervous
poner en duda, to call into question: los inversores pusieron su competencia en duda, the investors questioned his competence
poner a alguien en evidencia, to show sb up
poner en evidencia, to show up: la situación pone en evidencia la falta de justicia del sistema, the situation exposes the system's unfairness
poner a alguien en su sitio, to put sb in his place
' poner' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
activar
- alinear
- alta
- alto
- altura
- antecedente
- antena
- arreglar
- arrinconar
- aunar
- bandeja
- brete
- cabeza
- calzar
- caldo
- calle
- cara
- cargar
- carta
- caso
- cien
- codificar
- comprometer
- confiar
- coto
- crecer
- cuenco
- cuestión
- dejar
- denuncia
- depositar
- descomponer
- descubierta
- descubierto
- desesperar
- diente
- dirigir
- discutir
- distribuir
- enchufar
- enderezar
- enervar
- enfermar
- enfrentar
- enmascarar
- entregar
- entregarse
- escenificar
- escobilla
- esmerarse
English:
acquaint
- action
- apply
- arm
- arrange
- aside
- best
- blur
- bond
- box
- bracket
- bundle
- bung
- cap
- cast
- cheek
- claim
- code
- collect
- compromise
- connect
- cork
- crack
- cross
- crown
- curb
- date
- dip
- discomfit
- dishwasher
- egg
- end
- endanger
- excite
- face
- fault
- feature
- fetter
- fill in
- fit
- fluster
- follow up
- forewarn
- free
- gather
- get
- glaze
- go
- gown
- grin
* * *♦ vt1. [situar, agregar, meter] to put;me pusieron en la última fila I was put in the back row;ponle un poco más de sal put some more salt in it, add a bit of salt to it;pon los juguetes en el armario put the toys (away) in the cupboard;¿dónde habré puesto la calculadora? where can I have put o left the calculator?;poner un anuncio en el periódico to put an advert in the paper;poner un póster en la pared to put a poster up on the wall;poner una inyección a alguien to give sb an injection;hubo que ponerle un bozal al perro we had to put a muzzle on the dog, we had to muzzle the dog3. [servir]¿qué le pongo? what can I get you?, what would you like?;póngame una cerveza, por favor I'd like o I'll have a beer, please;¿cuánto le pongo? how much would you like?;póngame un kilo give me a kilo4. [contribuir, aportar] to put in;poner dinero en el negocio to put money into the business;poner mucho empeño en (hacer) algo to put a lot of effort into (doing) sth;pon atención en lo que digo pay attention to what I'm saying;5. [hacer estar de cierta manera]poner a alguien en un aprieto/de mal humor to put sb in a difficult position/in a bad mood;le has puesto colorado/nervioso you've made him blush/feel nervous;ponérselo fácil/difícil a alguien to make things easy/difficult for sb;lo puso todo perdido she made a real mess;el profesor nos puso a hacer cuentas the teacher gave us some sums to do;llegó y nos puso a todos a trabajar she arrived and set us all to work;pon la sopa a calentar warm the soup up;me pusieron de aprendiz de camarero they had me work as a trainee waiter;poner cara de tonto/inocente to put on a stupid/an innocent faceme pusieron de mentiroso they called me a liar;poner bien algo/a alguien to praise sth/sb;poner mal algo/a alguien to criticize sth/sbponer pegas a algo to raise objections to sth8. [asignar] [precio] to fix, to settle on;[multa] to give; [deberes, examen, tarea] to give, to set;le pusieron (de nombre) Mario they called him Mario;me han puesto (en el turno) de noche I've been assigned to the night shift, they've put me on the night shift;le pusieron un cinco en el examen he got five out of ten in the exam9. [comunicar] [telegrama, fax, giro postal] to send;[conferencia] to make; Esp¿me pones con él? can you put me through to him?;Espno cuelgue, ahora le pongo don't hang up, I'll put you through in a second10. [conectar, hacer funcionar] [televisión, radio] to switch o put on;[despertador] to set; [instalación, gas] to put in; [música, cinta, disco] to put on;pon la lavadora put the washing machine on;pon el telediario put the news on;puse el despertador a las seis/el reloj en hora I set my alarm clock for six o'clock/my watch to the right time;¿te han puesto ya el teléfono? are you on the phone yet?, have they connected your phone yet?;ponlo más alto, que no se oye turn it up, I can't hear it11. [en el cine, el teatro, la televisión] to show;anoche pusieron un documental muy interesante last night they showed a very interesting documentary;¿qué ponen en la tele/en el Rialto? what's on the TV/on at the Rialto?;en el Rialto ponen una de Stallone there's a Stallone movie on at the Rialto12. [montar] to set up;poner la casa to set up home;poner un negocio to start a business;ha puesto una tienda she has opened a shop;hemos puesto moqueta en el salón we've had a carpet fitted in the living-room;poner la mesa to lay the table;pusieron la tienda (de campaña) en un prado they pitched their tent o put their tent up in a meadow13. [decorar] to do up;han puesto su casa con mucho lujo they've done up their house in real style14. [suponer] to suppose;pongamos que sucedió así (let's) suppose that's what happened;pon que necesitemos cinco días suppose we need five days;poniendo que todo salga bien assuming everything goes according to plan;¿cuándo estará listo? – ponle que en dos días when will it be ready? – reckon on it taking two days¿qué pone ahí? what does it say there?16. [escribir] to put;¿qué pusiste en la segunda pregunta? what did you put for the second question?17. [huevo] to lay18. RP [demorar] to take;el tren pone media hora en llegar allá the train takes half an hour to get there♦ vi[gallina, aves] to lay (eggs)♦ v impersonalAm Fam [parecer]se me pone que… it seems to me that…* * *<part puesto> v/t1 put;poner en escena stage;poner en marcha set in motion;pongamos que let’s suppose o assume that2 ropa put on3 ( añadir) put in4 RAD, TV turn on, switch on5 la mesa set6 ( escribir) put downla crítica puso muy bien su última película the critics gave his last film very good reviews8 negocio set up9 telegrama send10 huevos lay12 dinero deposit13:poner a alguien furioso make s.o. angry;ponerle a alguien con alguien TELEC put s.o. through to s.o.;ponerle una multa a alguien fine s.o.* * *poner {60} vt1) colocar: to put, to placepon el libro en la mesa: put the book on the table2) agregar, añadir: to put in, to add3) : to put on (clothes)4) contribuir: to contribute5) escribir: to put in writingno le puso su nombre: he didn't put his name on it6) imponer: to set, to impose7) exponer: to put, to exposelo puso en peligro: she put him in danger8) : to prepare, to arrangeponer la mesa: to set the table9) : to namele pusimos Ana: we called her Ana10) establecer: to set up, to establishpuso un restaurante: he opened up a restaurant11) instalar: to install, to put insiempre lo pones de mal humor: you always put him in a bad mood13) : to turn on, to switch on14) suponer: to supposepongamos que no viene: supposing he doesn't come15) : to lay (eggs)poner a : to start (someone doing something)lo puse a trabajar: I put him to workponer de : to place asla pusieron de directora: they made her directorponer en : to put in (a state or condition)poner en duda: to call into questionponer vi1) : to contribute2) : to lay eggs* * *poner vb2. (ropa, etc) to put on3. (añadir) to put¿le has puesto sal a las patatas? have you put any salt on the potatoes?¿te pones azúcar? do you take sugar?6. (encender) to put on / to turn on / to switch on7. (establecer) to open9. (comunicar) to put through¿me pones con Asunción, por favor? can you put me through to Asunción, please?en el periódico pone que la película está muy bien it says in the newspaper that the film is very good11. (proyectar) to be on¿qué ponen en el Renoir? what's on at the Renoir?12. (dar un nombre) to call14. (servir) to give¿qué te pongo? what can I get you?¿me pone un kilo de tomates? can I have a kilo of tomatoes, please?pongamos por caso... suppose... / let's say... -
3 pasar
v.1 to pass.¿me pasas la sal? would you pass me the salt?Pasaron dos horas Two hours went by.Yo paso a María I pass Mary (I overtake Mary)Un carro pasa A car goes byMe pasó una cuchara He=she passed me a spoon (She passed a spoon to me)Por fin pasé! I passed at last!2 to cross.pasar la calle to cross the roadpasé el río a nado I swam across the river3 to go through.pasar un semáforo en rojo to go through a red light4 to pass, to go.pasó por mi lado he passed by my sideel autobús pasa por mi casa the bus goes past o passes in front of my houseel Manzanares pasa por Madrid the Manzanares goes o passes through Madridhe pasado por tu calle I went down your streetpasar de… a… to go o pass from… to…pasar de largo to go by5 to go/come in.pasen por aquí, por favor come this way, please¡pase! come in!6 to go.por ahí no pasa it won't go through there7 to go by.pasaron tres meses three months went by8 to go through, to experience.pasar frío/miedo to be cold/scaredpasarlo bien to enjoy oneself, to have a good timepasarlo mal to have a hard time of itPasé un gran susto I experienced a great scare.9 to show in (llevar adentro).el criado nos pasó al salón the butler showed us into the living room10 to show (Cine).11 to spend (time).pasó dos años en Roma he spent two years in Rome¿dónde vas a pasar las vacaciones? where are you going on holiday?, where are you going to spend your holidays?Yo paso las horas cantando I pass the hours away singing (spend the time...)12 to pop in (ir un momento).pasaré por mi oficina/por tu casa I'll pop into my office/round to your place13 to happen.¿qué pasa aquí? what's going on here?¿qué pasa? what's the matter?¿qué le pasa? what's wrong with him?, what's the matter with him?pase lo que pase whatever happens, come what mayAlgo pasó Something happened=came to pass.14 to be over.ya ha pasado lo peor the worst is over nowpasó la Navidad Christmas is overPasé muy feliz en la fiesta I was very happy at the party.15 to be all right, to be usable.puede pasar it'll do16 to go away.Pasó el mal tiempo the bad weather went away.17 to come in, to step in.El policía pasó The policeman came in.18 to happen to, to occur to.Me pasó algo cómico Something funny happened to me..19 to keep on, to keep, to carry on.Ella pasa bailando todo el tiempo She keeps on dancing all the time.20 to skip, to pass.Pase ese capítulo Skip that chapter,.21 to blow over, to blow itself out, to calm down.La tormenta pasó The storm blew over.* * *1 (ir) to pass, pass by, go2 (tiempo) to pass, go by■ ¡cómo pasa el tiempo! doesn't time fly!3 (entrar) to come in, go in■ pasa, está abierto come in, it's not locked4 (cesar) to pass, cease■ si no se te pasa el dolor, llámame if the pain doesn't go away, call me■ tranquila, que ya ha pasado todo don't worry, it's all over now5 (límite) to exceed (de, -)6 (ocurrir) to happen7 (sufrir) to suffer1 (trasladar) to move, transfer2 (comunicar, dar) to give3 (cruzar) to cross4 (alcanzar) to pass, reach■ pásame la sal, por favor pass me the salt, please5 (aventajar) to surpass, be better than6 (adelantar) to overtake7 (deslizar) to run■ la etiqueta se pasa por aquí y el precio sale en la pantalla you run the tag through here and the price comes up on the screen8 (tolerar) to overlook■ esta vez te la paso, pero que no se repita I'll overlook it this time, but don't let it happen again9 (aprobar) to pass10 (proyectar) to show11 (tiempo - estar) to spend; (- disfrutar, padecer) to have1 (desertar) to pass over (a, to)2 (pudrirse) to go off3 (olvidarse) to forget\pasar de algo familiar not to be bothered about something■ pasa de todo he couldn't care less about anything, he doesn't give a damn about anythingpasar de largo to go pastpasar la página to turn the pagepasar por to pass forpasar por alto to ignorepasar por encima de alguien to go over somebody's headpasarlo bien to have a good time¿qué pasa? what's the matter?, what's wrong?pasar sin to do withoutpasarse de la raya to go too far, overstep the mark* * *verb1) to happen2) pass3) come in, enter4) surpass5) cross6) give7) undergo, suffer8) omit•- pasar por alto
- pasarlo bien
- pasarlo mal
- pasarse* * *Para las expresiones pasar lista, pasar de moda, pasar desapercibido, pasarse de rosca etc, ver la otra entrada1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO1) (=ocurrir)a) [suceso] to happen¿qué pasó? — what happened?
¿pasa algo? — is anything up?, is anything wrong?, is anything the matter?
siempre pasa igual {o} lo mismo — it's always the same
¿qué pasa? — what's happening?, what's going on?, what's up?; [como saludo] how's things? *
¿qué pasa que no entra? — why doesn't she come in?
¿qué pasa contigo? — what's up with you?; [como saludo] * how's it going? *
¿qué ha pasado con ella? — what's become of her?
•
[lo que] pasa es que... — well, you see..., the thing is that...pase lo que pase — whatever happens, come what may
b)pasarle a algn: nunca me pasa nada — nothing ever happens to me
siempre me pasa lo mismo, lo pierdo todo — it's always the same, I keep losing things
tuvo un accidente, pero por suerte no le pasó nada — he had an accident, but fortunately he wasn't hurt
esto te pasa por no hacerme caso — this is what comes of not listening to me, this wouldn't have happened (to you) if you'd listened to me
¿qué te pasa? — what's the matter?
¿qué le pasa a ese? — what's the matter with him?
2) (=cambiar de lugar)a) [objeto]la cuerda pasa de un lado a otro de la calle — the rope goes from one side of the street to the other
•
la foto fue pasando de mano en [mano] — the photo was passed aroundb) [persona] to go3) (=entrar)¡pase! — come in!; [cediendo el paso] after you!
no se puede pasar — you can't go through, you can't go in
•
[hacer] pasar a algn — to show sb in4) (=transitar)¿a qué hora pasa el cartero? — what time does the postman come?
ya ha pasado el tren de las cinco — (=sin hacer parada) the five o'clock train has already gone by; (=haciendo parada) the five o'clock train has already been and gone
¿ha pasado ya el camión de la basura? — have the dustmen been?
•
pasar [de largo] — to go {o} pass by•
pasar [por], el autobús pasa por delante de nuestra casa — the bus goes past our house5) (=acercarse a)•
tengo que pasar [por] el banco — I've got to go to the bankpasar a ({+ infin})pasaré por la tienda mañana — I'll go {o} pop into the shop tomorrow
6) (=cambiar de situación) to go•
pasar a [ser] — to becomeen muy poco tiempo ha pasado a ser un gran profesional — he has become a real professional in a very short space of time
7) (=transcurrir) [tiempo] to pass, go byhan pasado cuatro años — four years have passed {o} gone by
el tiempo pasa deprisa — time passes {o} goes so quickly
¡cómo pasa el tiempo! — how time flies!
8) (=acabar) [problema, situación] to be over; [efectos] to wear off9) (=aceptarse)puede pasar — it's passable, it's OK
que me llames carroza, pase, pero fascista, no — you can call me an old fuddy-duddy if you like, but not a fascist
10) pasar pora) (=atravesar, caber) to go throughel río pasa por la ciudad — the river flows {o} goes through the city
b) (=depender de) to depend onel futuro de la empresa pasa por este acuerdo — the company's future depends on {o} hangs on this agreement
c) (=ser considerado) to pass as•
[hacerse] pasar por — to pass o.s. off as11) [otras formas preposicionales]pasar a ({+ infin}) (=empezar) pasar de (=exceder)no pasan de 60 los que lo tienen — those who have it do not number more than 60, fewer than 60 people have it
•
yo de [ahí] no paso — that's as far as I'm prepared to go•
de [ésta] no pasa — this is the very last timepasar sin•
de [hoy] no pasa que le escriba — I'll write to him this very daytendrá que pasar sin coche — he'll have to get by {o} manage without a car
12) (Naipes) to pass13) esp Esp* (=mostrarse indiferente)•
pasar [de] algo/algn, yo paso de política — I'm not into politicspasa olímpicamente de todo lo que le dicen — he doesn't take the blindest bit of notice of anything they say to him
paso de ti, chaval — I couldn't care less about you, pal
2. VERBO TRANSITIVO1) (=dar, entregar) [gen] to pass; [en una serie] to pass on¿me pasas la sal, por favor? — could you pass (me) the salt, please?
le pasó el sobre — he handed {o} passed her the envelope
2) (=traspasar) [+ río, frontera] to cross; [+ límite] to go beyond3) (=llevar)4) (=hacer atravesar)5) (=colar) to strain6) (=introducir) [+ moneda falsa] to pass (off); [+ contrabando] to smugglehan pasado un alijo de cocaína por la frontera — a consignment of cocaine has been smuggled across the border
7) (=hacer deslizar)pasar la aspiradora por la alfombra — to vacuum the carpet, run the vacuum cleaner over the carpet
8) (=deslizar) to sliple pasó el brazo por los hombros/la cintura — she slipped {o} put her arm around his shoulders/waist
9) (=contagiar) to give10) (=volver) [+ página] to turn11) (=escribir)•
pasar algo a [limpio] — to make a neat {o} fair {o} clean copy of sth•
pasar algo a [máquina] — to type sth up12) (=tragar) (lit) to swallow; (fig) to bear, standno puedo pasar esta pastilla — I can't swallow this pill, I can't get this pill down
no puedo pasar a ese hombre — I can't bear {o} stand that man
13) (=tolerar)14) (=aprobar) [+ examen] to pass15) (=proyectar) [+ película, programa] to show, screen16) (=poner en contacto)te paso con Pedro — [al mismo teléfono] I'll put you on to Pedro; [a distinto teléfono] I'll put you through to Pedro
17) (=realizar)revista 3)•
pasa [consulta] {o} [visita] a unas 700 personas diarias — he sees 700 patients a day18) (=superar)19) (Aut) to pass, overtake20) (=omitir)•
pasar algo por [alto] — to overlook sth21) [+ tiempo] to spendpasarlo ({+ adv})¡que lo pases bien! — have a good time!, enjoy yourself!
22) (=dejar atrás)hemos pasado el aniversario — the anniversary has passed, the anniversary is behind us
ya hemos pasado lo peor — we're over the worst now, the worst is behind us now
23) (=sufrir)24) Cono Sur * (=engañar) to cheat, swindle3.See:PASAR En expresiones temporales ► Se traduce por spend cuando pasar tiene un uso transitivo y queremos indicar un período de tiempo concreto, seguido de la actividad que en ese tiempo se desarrolla, o del lugar: Me pasé la tarde escribiendo cartas I spent the evening writing letters Ha pasado toda su vida en el campo He has spent his whole life in the country ► En cambio, cuando se describe la forma en que se pasa el tiempo mediante un adjetivo, se debe emplear en inglés la construcción have + (a) + ((adjetivo)) + ((sustantivo)): Pasamos una tarde entretenida We had a lovely afternoon Pasamos un rato estupendo jugando al squash We had a fantastic time playing squash la expresión pasar el rato se traduce por pass the time: No sé qué hacer para pasar el rato I don't know what to do to pass the time ► Cuando el uso es intransitivo, pasar se traduce por pass {o} go by. A medida que pasaba el tiempo se deprimía cada vez más As time passed o went by, he became more and more depressed Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada* * *1.verbo intransitivo1)a) ( ir por un lugar) to come/go pastno ha pasado ni un taxi — not one taxi has come/gone past
¿a qué hora pasa el lechero? — what time does the milkman come?
pasar de largo — to go right o straight past
es un vuelo directo, no pasa por Miami — it's a direct flight, it doesn't go via Miami
¿este autobús pasa por el museo? — does this bus go past the museum?
¿el 45 pasa por aquí? — does the number 45 come this way?
pasaba por aquí y... — I was just passing by o I was in the area and...
ni me pasó por la imaginación — it didn't even occur to me, it didn't even cross my mind
b) ( deteniéndose en un lugar)pasar POR algo: ¿podríamos pasar por el banco? can we stop off at the bank?; pase usted por caja please go over to the cashier; pasa un día por casa why don't you drop o come by the house sometime?; pasar A + INF: puede pasar a recogerlo mañana you can come and pick it up tomorrow; pasaremos a verlos — we'll call in o drop in and see them
c) ( atravesar) to crosspasar de un lado a otro — to go o cross from one side to the other
d) (caber, entrar)2)a) (transmitirse, transferirse) corona/título to passuna tradición que pasa de padres a hijos — a tradition that is handed o passed down from generation to generation
b) ( comunicar)te paso con Javier — ( en el mismo teléfono) I'll hand o pass you over to Javier; ( en otro teléfono) I'll put you through to Javier
3) ( entrar - acercándose al hablante) to come in; (- alejándose del hablante) to go inpase, por favor — please, do come in
que pase el siguiente! — next, please!
no pasarán! — (fr hecha) they shall not pass!
¿puedo pasar al baño? — may I use the bathroom please?
¿quién quiere pasar al pizarrón? — (AmL) who's going to come up to the blackboard?
4)a) (cambiar de estado, actividad, tema)pasó del quinto al séptimo lugar — she went o dropped from fifth to seventh place
ahora pasa a tercera — (Auto) now change into third
pasando a otra cosa... — anyway, to change the subject...
pasamos a informar de otras noticias — now, the rest of the news
b) (Educ) to pass¿pasaste? — did you pass?
pasar de curso — to get through o pass one's end-of-year exams
c) ( ser aceptable)no está perfecto, pero puede pasar — it's not perfect, but it'll do
por esta vez (que) pase — I'll let it pass o go this time
5) ( exceder un límite)pasar DE algo: no pases de 100 don't go over 100; no pasó de un desacuerdo it was nothing more than a disagreement; está muy grave, no creo que pase de hoy he's very ill, I don't think he'll last another day; no pasa de los 30 he's not more than 30; no pasamos de nueve empleados — they're only nine of us working there/here
6) pasar pora) ( ser tenido por)pasa por tonto, pero no lo es — he might look stupid, but he isn't
b) (Esp) ( implicar)7) ( transcurrir) tiempo to passpasaron muchos años — many years went by o passed
pasaban las horas y no llegaba — the hours went by o passed and still he didn't come
9) ( arreglárselas) to manage, get bysin electricidad podemos pasar — we can manage o get by without electricity
10) ( suceder) to happenlo que pasa es que... — the thing o the problem is...
pase lo que pase — whatever happens, come what may
¿qué pasó con lo del reloj? — what happened about the watch?
...y aquí no ha pasado nada —...and let's just forget the whole thing
siempre pasa igual or lo mismo — it's always the same
¿pasa algo? — is something the matter?
¿qué pasa? — what's the matter?, what's up? (colloq)
hola, Carlos! ¿qué pasa? — (fam) hi, Carlos! how's things o how's it going? (colloq)
son cosas que pasan — these things happen; (+ me/te/le etc)
¿qué te pasa? — what's the matter with you?
¿qué te pasó en el ojo? — what happened to your eye?
¿qué le pasa a la tele? — what's wrong with the TV?
por suerte a él no le pasó nada — fortunately, nothing happened to him
11) ( experimentar)pasar POR algo — por crisis/mala racha to go through something
12)a) (en naipes, juegos) to passb) (fam) ( rechazando algo)¿vas a tomar postre? - no, yo paso — are you going to have a dessert? - no, I think I'll give it a miss
paso de salir, estoy muy cansada — I don't feel like going out, I'm very tired (colloq)
c) (fam) ( expresando indiferencia)que se las arreglen, yo paso — they can sort it out themselves, it's not my problem
2.paso de él — (esp Esp) I don't give a damn o I couldn't care less what he does (colloq)
pasar vt1)a) ( hacer atravesar)b) ( por la aduana -legalmente) to take through; (- ilegalmente) to smugglec) ( hacer deslizar)a esto hay que pasarle una plancha — this needs a quick iron o run over with the iron
2) (exhibir, mostrar) <película/anuncio> to show3)a) (cruzar, atravesar) < frontera> to cross; <pueblo/ciudad> to go throughb) ( dejar atrás) <edificio/calle> to go pastc) (adelantar, sobrepasar) to overtakepasar A algo — to overtake something, to get past something
está altísimo, ya pasa a su padre — he's really tall, he's already overtaken his father
4) <examen/prueba> to pass5) <página/hoja> to turn6) (fam) ( tolerar)a ese tipo no lo paso — I can't stand o take that guy (colloq)
no podía pasar aquella sopa — I couldn't stomach o eat that soup
pasar por alto — <falta/error> to overlook, forget about; tema/punto to leave out, omit
7) ( transcribir)tendré que pasar la carta — I'll have to write o copy the letter out again
¿me pasas esto a máquina? — could you type this for me?
8) (entregar, hacer llegar)¿me pasas el martillo? — can you pass me the hammer?
9) <gripe/resfriado> to giveme lo pasó a mí — he gave it to me, he passed it on to me
10)a) < tiempo> to spendb) ( con idea de continuidad)11)a) (sufrir, padecer) penalidades/desgracias to go through, to sufferestá pasando una mala racha — he's going through bad times o (BrE) a bad patch
pasé mucho miedo/frío — I was very frightened/cold
b)pasarlo or pasarla bien — to have a good time
3.¿qué tal lo pasaste en la fiesta? — did you have a good time at the party?, did you enjoy the party?
1) pasarse v pron2) ( cambiarse)3)a) ( ir demasiado lejos)nos pasamos, el banco está más arriba — we've gone too far, the bank isn't as far down as this
b) (fam) ( excederse) to go too farse pasó con la sal — he overdid the salt (colloq)
se pasó de listo — he tried to be too clever (colloq)
c) (CS fam) ( lucirse)4)a) peras/tomates to go bad, get overripe; carne/pescado to go off, go bad; leche to go off, go sourb) (recocerse): arroz/pasta to get overcooked5)a) ( desaparecer) efecto to wear off; dolor to go away; (+ me/te/le etc)ya se me pasó el dolor — the pain's gone o eased now
espera a que se le pase el enojo — wait until he's calmed o cooled down
b) ( transcurrir)el año se ha pasado muy rápido — this year has gone very quickly; (+ me/te/le etc)
6) (+ me/te/le etc)a) ( olvidarse)b) ( dejar de notar)c) ( dejar escapar)7) (enf) ( estar)se pasó el domingo durmiendo — he spent the whole of Sunday evening sleeping; ver tb pasar verbo transitivo III 1b y 2b
8) (enf) (fam) (ir)¿podrías pasarte por el mercado? — could you go down to the market?
9) (refl)* * *= hand (over), pass, pass by, pass on, transfer, transmit, turn over + page, hand on, spend, transpire, pass out, turn over, slide over, pass along, get through, can't/couldn't be bothered, go + past, pass down, roll on, pass out, blow over, make + the cut, wear off, hand down.Ex. Eventually, teachers should be able to ' hand the chalk over to the students' and take a back seat.Ex. Examination reveals positions on the cards where the light passes through all the cards in a stack.Ex. The days of needing to change into carpet slippers before going to such an area have thankfully passed by.Ex. If ignored, the problems are only passed on to all the users of the catalog: the public, the reference department, the acquisitions department, and naturally the cataloging department.Ex. Scope notes, on the order hand, may be present in a thesaurus but are unlikely to be transferred to an index.Ex. The system permits the requester to specify up to five potential lending libraries, and the system transmits the requests to these libraries one at a time.Ex. Turn over the page and you will find suggested analyses against which you can check your solution.Ex. Some experts have expressed grave doubts about the durability of contemporary literary and artistic works on paper and hence the possibility of handing on works of culture to future generations.Ex. Any funeral scene in a story inevitably conjures in myself memories of my childhood spent as the son of an undertaker.Ex. The 2nd is the fact that most information seeking transpires with little help from librarians, who have consistently failed to establish themselves as primary information professionals.Ex. At the Closing Session Danish flags were suddenly produced and passed out among the crowd who began waving them enthusiastically.Ex. Then he picked up about 2 cm. of type from the right-hand end of the uppermost line (i.e. the last word or two of the last line) with the thumb and forefinger of his right hand, read it, and dropped the pieces of type one by one into their proper boxes, turning over the old house.Ex. He had greeted her courteously, as was his wont, and had inquired if she minded his smoking; she told him to go ahead and slid over an ashtray.Ex. If the head of reference services does not pass along the information to the staff the reference librarians, by being uninformed, will undoubtedly not make as good an impression on the important city managers.Ex. I think that the so-called average person often exhibits a great deal of heroism in getting through an ordinary day.Ex. Consider for example, a teacher who doesn't change his password (ever!) or can't be bothered to log out, all the firewalls and antivirus programs in the world will not protect a school's network.Ex. Unfortunately, its conclusions are completely pedestrian, rarely going past the fact that there were old people in England in the late Middle Ages.Ex. The knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation by sentient beings on this planet for aeons and aeons is quite impossible to fully comprehend.Ex. But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.Ex. Put a set of premises into such a device and turn the crank, and it will readily pass out conclusion after conclusion.Ex. During the bulk of that time, your liberal leaders grandly sat, waiting for various things to blow over.Ex. Naturally, the recruiters whose people were not chosen for the job wanted feedback as to why their candidates did not make the cut.Ex. We're all familiar with the idea of novelty value and how it wears off with time.Ex. A hunting guide while still in his teens, he learned his woodcraft first hand, absorbing lore handed down to him from his father.----* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time goes by, as time passes (by).* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* ayudar a pasar por = get + Nombre + through.* cada día que pasa = each passing day.* conforme + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.* conforme + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* dejar pasar = pass up, forego [forgo], let through.* dejar pasar a Alguien = let + Alguien + by.* dejar pasar Algo = put + Nombre + behind.* dejar pasar una oportunidad = forego + opportunity, miss + opportunity, pass up + opportunity, miss + chance.* desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....* día que pasa = passing day.* esa época ya pasó hace tiempo = that time is long past.* haber pasado por aquí antes = have been down this road before.* hacer a Alguien pasar vergüenza = embarrass.* hacer que Alguien las pase canutas = give + Nombre + a run for + Posesivo + money.* hacérselas pasar canutas a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops.* hacérselas pasarlas canutas a Alguien = push + Nombre + to the edge.* hacérselas pasar negras a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops.* hacerse pasar por = masquerade as, impersonate.* las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas no pasan así porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lugar donde pasar el rato = hang out.* no dejar pasar = keep out.* no dejar pasar la oportunidad = ride + the wave.* no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.* pasando a = moving on to.* pasar a = go on to, move on to, proceed to, shunt into, switch over, switch to, step onto, spill over into.* pasar a Alguien lo mismo que a = suffer + the fate of.* pasar a Alguien lo que a = suffer + the fate of.* pasar a cosas más agradables = on a happier note.* pasar a la clandestinidad = go into + hiding.* pasar a la era de = move into + the age of.* pasar a la historia = history in the making, go down in + history.* pasar a la historia como = go down as, go down in + history as, go down in + the history books as, go down in + the annals of history as.* pasar a la página + Número = turn to + page + Número.* pasar a la posteridad = go down to + posterity.* pasar a la posteridad como = go down to + posterity as.* pasar Algo a Alguien = turn + Algo + over to + Alguien.* pasar algo inesperado = things + take a turn for the unexpected.* pasar algún tiempo en = have + a turn at.* pasar al olvido = blow over.* pasar a los anales de la historia = go down in + history.* pasar a los anales de la historia como = go down in + history as, go down in + the history books as, go down in + the annals of history as.* pasar al primer plano = take + centre stage.* pasar al siguiente año fiscal = roll over.* pasar al siguiente nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.* pasar a mejor vida = bite + the dust, give up + the ghost.* pasar año(s) antes de que = be year(s) before.* pasar a ocupar el puesto de Alguien = step into + the shoes of, stand in + Posesivo + shoes.* pasar aprietos = feel + the pinch.* pasar apuros = struggle, pass through + adversity, have + a thin time, be under strain, bear + hardship, be hard pressed, feel + the pinch, have + a hard time, the wolves + be + at the door, have + a tough time.* pasar apuros económicos = lead + a precarious existence.* pasar a ser = become, develop into.* pasar a ser el centro de atención = come into + focus, take + centre stage.* pasar a ser inconcebible = render + inconceivable.* pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.* pasar a una situación económica más confortable = improve + Posesivo + lot.* pasar a vida mejor = lay + Nombre + low.* pasar casi rozando = skim.* pasar como una bala = whiz.* pasar de = get beyond.* pasar de... a... = proceed from... to..., move from... to....* pasar de... a = switch from... to..., go from... to..., swing between... and..., grow from... into/to.* pasar de contrabando = smuggle.* pasar de generación en generación = pass down from + generation to generation.* pasar de largo = bypass [by-pass].* pasar de largo rápidamente = race + past.* pasar de moda = drop out of + vogue, go out of + fashion, go out of + favour, go out of + date, go out of + vogue, fall out of + vogue, go out of + style, pass away, obsolesce, drop out of + circulation.* pasar desapercibido = be unnoticeable, go + unnoticed, lie + unnoticed, remain + unnoticed, slip by + unnoticed, become + unnoticeable, go + unrecognised, be an invisible fly on the wall, go + unnoted, lie + forgotten, sneak under + the radar.* pasar de una persona a otra = pass around.* pasar de uno a otro = change back and forth.* pasar de un sitio a otro = travel.* pasar dificultades = struggle, be under strain, bear + hardship, have + a difficult time, experience + difficult times, pass through + difficult times, face + difficult times.* pasar el invierno = winter, overwinter.* pasar el mochuelo = pass + the bucket.* pasar el muerto = pass + the bucket.* pasar el platillo = pass + the bucket (around).* pasar el rato = hang out.* pasar el rato con = kick + it with.* pasar el rato con los amigos = hang out with + Posesivo + friends.* pasar el relevo a = hand + the reins over to.* pasar el testigo = pass (on) + the torch, pass (on) + the baton.* pasar el tiempo = pass + the time, hang around, spend + Posesivo + days, hang about, hang out.* pasar el tiempo libre = spend + Posesivo + leisure, spend + Posesivo + leisure time.* pasar + Expresión Temporal = elapse + Expresión Temporal, go by + Expresión Temporal.* pasar hambre = suffer from + hunger, go + hungry, starve.* pasar hojas = page (through), turn + pages, flip + pages.* pasar hojas hacia atrás = page + backward.* pasar hojas hacia delante = page + forward.* pasar inadvertidamente = slip, creep + past, sneak + past.* pasar inadvertido = be unnoticeable, escape + notice, go + unnoticed, lie + unnoticed, remain + unnoticed, slip by + unnoticed, become + unnoticeable, go + unrecognised, go + unnoted, sneak under + the radar.* pasar la antorcha = hand over + the torch.* pasar la luna de miel = honeymoon.* pasar la noche = spend + the night, stay overnight.* pasar la página = turn over + page.* pasar la pantalla = scroll.* pasar la pelota = pass + the buck.* pasar la prueba = pass + muster.* pasarlas canutas = jump through + hoops, have + a devil of a time, be to hell and back.* pasarlas negras = jump through + hoops, have + a devil of a time.* pasarlas putas = jump through + hoops, be to hell and back.* pasar las riendas del poder a = hand + the reins over to.* pasar las vacaciones = vacation.* pasar llevando = take through.* pasarlo a lo grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo bien = have + fun, be a great time.* pasarlo bomba = be a great time, have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo canutas intentando Hacer Algo = have + a heck of a time + trying.* pasarlo en grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo genial = have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo mal = have + a thin time, have + a difficult time, experience + difficult times, pass through + difficult times, face + difficult times.* pasarlo muy mal = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.* pasarlo pipa = have + a whale of a time.* pasar los días = spend + Posesivo + days.* pasar miseria = the wolves + be + at the door.* pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.* pasar + Nombre + a = turn + Nombre + over to.* pasar penurias = suffer from + deprivation.* pasar poco a poco = slide into.* pasar por = cross, pass through, reach down, step through, go by, go through, pass for, pass across, run + Nombre + through + Nombre, make + Posesivo + way through, run through.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], gloss over, miss, obviate, overlook, short-circuit [shortcircuit], skip over, leapfrog, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by, flout, close + the door on, skip.* pasar por alto la autoridad de Alguien = go over + Posesivo + head.* pasar por alto rápidamente = race + past.* pasar por aquí = come by.* pasar por delante de = make + Posesivo + way past.* pasar por el acoso de = run + the gauntlet of.* pasar por el infierno = be to hell and back.* pasar por el lado de = make + Posesivo + way past.* pasar por encima = pass over.* pasar por encima de la cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.* pasar por la mitad de = cut through.* pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.* pasar por un período de = go through + a period of.* pasar por un proceso de = go through + a process of.* pasar privaciones = suffer from + deprivation.* pasar rápidamente = run through, sweep by, sweep, flash across.* pasar rápidamente a = snap to.* pasar rápidamente por encima de = sweep across, swing over.* pasar registros a disco = transfer + records + to disc.* pasar revista = review.* pasarse = come by, drop in, overshoot, step over + the edge, go + overboard, go + too far.* pasarse Algo por el culo = not give a shit.* pasarse Algo por el forro = flout.* pasarse Algo por la entrepierna = not give a shit.* pasarse con = act + fresh with.* pasar sed = go + thirsty.* pasarse de = overstep.* pasarse de + Adjetivo = be too + Adjetivo + by half.* pasarse de la raya = cross + the line.* pasarse del límite = overrun [over-run].* pasárselo bien = have + a good time, have + a great time.* pasárselo en grande = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.* pasárselo fabuloso = have + a good time, have + a great time, have + a whale of a time.* pasárselo la mar de bien = have + a whale of a time, have + a great time.* pasárselo pipa = have + a great time.* pasarse por = drop by, stop by, mosey.* pasar sin = get along without, forego [forgo], do without, live without.* pasar sin Alguien = spare + Nombre Personal.* pasar sin comodidades = rough it.* pasar sin ser visto = sneak + past, sneak through, sneak under + the radar, go + unnoticed.* pasar + Tiempo = spend + time, spend + Tiempo.* pasar tiempo haciendo Algo = do + stint at.* pasar una crisis = face + crisis.* pasar una prueba = endure + ordeal, pass + a test, stand up.* pasar una prueba de sobra = pass with + flying colours.* pasar una tarjeta por un lector electrónico = swipe.* pasar un buen rato = disport + Reflexivo.* pasar un cuestionario = administer + questionnaire, carry out + questionnaire.* pasar un rato = say + hi.* pasar zumbando = whiz.* pase lo que pase = come what may, come rain or shine, rain or shine, come hell or high water.* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* ¿Qué pasa? = What's up?.* que pasaba = passing.* que pasa desapercibido = inconspicuous.* ¿qué pasa si... ? = what if... ?.* que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* quien no malgasta no pasa necesidades = waste not, want not.* sin haber pasado por la calandria = uncalendered.* ¡tener + que pasar por encima de + Posesivo + cadáver! = over + Posesivo + dead body.* tiempo + pasar = time + march on.* todavía no ha pasado lo mejor = the best is yet to come.* tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.* tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.* ver lo que pasa = take it from there/here.* * *1.verbo intransitivo1)a) ( ir por un lugar) to come/go pastno ha pasado ni un taxi — not one taxi has come/gone past
¿a qué hora pasa el lechero? — what time does the milkman come?
pasar de largo — to go right o straight past
es un vuelo directo, no pasa por Miami — it's a direct flight, it doesn't go via Miami
¿este autobús pasa por el museo? — does this bus go past the museum?
¿el 45 pasa por aquí? — does the number 45 come this way?
pasaba por aquí y... — I was just passing by o I was in the area and...
ni me pasó por la imaginación — it didn't even occur to me, it didn't even cross my mind
b) ( deteniéndose en un lugar)pasar POR algo: ¿podríamos pasar por el banco? can we stop off at the bank?; pase usted por caja please go over to the cashier; pasa un día por casa why don't you drop o come by the house sometime?; pasar A + INF: puede pasar a recogerlo mañana you can come and pick it up tomorrow; pasaremos a verlos — we'll call in o drop in and see them
c) ( atravesar) to crosspasar de un lado a otro — to go o cross from one side to the other
d) (caber, entrar)2)a) (transmitirse, transferirse) corona/título to passuna tradición que pasa de padres a hijos — a tradition that is handed o passed down from generation to generation
b) ( comunicar)te paso con Javier — ( en el mismo teléfono) I'll hand o pass you over to Javier; ( en otro teléfono) I'll put you through to Javier
3) ( entrar - acercándose al hablante) to come in; (- alejándose del hablante) to go inpase, por favor — please, do come in
que pase el siguiente! — next, please!
no pasarán! — (fr hecha) they shall not pass!
¿puedo pasar al baño? — may I use the bathroom please?
¿quién quiere pasar al pizarrón? — (AmL) who's going to come up to the blackboard?
4)a) (cambiar de estado, actividad, tema)pasó del quinto al séptimo lugar — she went o dropped from fifth to seventh place
ahora pasa a tercera — (Auto) now change into third
pasando a otra cosa... — anyway, to change the subject...
pasamos a informar de otras noticias — now, the rest of the news
b) (Educ) to pass¿pasaste? — did you pass?
pasar de curso — to get through o pass one's end-of-year exams
c) ( ser aceptable)no está perfecto, pero puede pasar — it's not perfect, but it'll do
por esta vez (que) pase — I'll let it pass o go this time
5) ( exceder un límite)pasar DE algo: no pases de 100 don't go over 100; no pasó de un desacuerdo it was nothing more than a disagreement; está muy grave, no creo que pase de hoy he's very ill, I don't think he'll last another day; no pasa de los 30 he's not more than 30; no pasamos de nueve empleados — they're only nine of us working there/here
6) pasar pora) ( ser tenido por)pasa por tonto, pero no lo es — he might look stupid, but he isn't
b) (Esp) ( implicar)7) ( transcurrir) tiempo to passpasaron muchos años — many years went by o passed
pasaban las horas y no llegaba — the hours went by o passed and still he didn't come
9) ( arreglárselas) to manage, get bysin electricidad podemos pasar — we can manage o get by without electricity
10) ( suceder) to happenlo que pasa es que... — the thing o the problem is...
pase lo que pase — whatever happens, come what may
¿qué pasó con lo del reloj? — what happened about the watch?
...y aquí no ha pasado nada —...and let's just forget the whole thing
siempre pasa igual or lo mismo — it's always the same
¿pasa algo? — is something the matter?
¿qué pasa? — what's the matter?, what's up? (colloq)
hola, Carlos! ¿qué pasa? — (fam) hi, Carlos! how's things o how's it going? (colloq)
son cosas que pasan — these things happen; (+ me/te/le etc)
¿qué te pasa? — what's the matter with you?
¿qué te pasó en el ojo? — what happened to your eye?
¿qué le pasa a la tele? — what's wrong with the TV?
por suerte a él no le pasó nada — fortunately, nothing happened to him
11) ( experimentar)pasar POR algo — por crisis/mala racha to go through something
12)a) (en naipes, juegos) to passb) (fam) ( rechazando algo)¿vas a tomar postre? - no, yo paso — are you going to have a dessert? - no, I think I'll give it a miss
paso de salir, estoy muy cansada — I don't feel like going out, I'm very tired (colloq)
c) (fam) ( expresando indiferencia)que se las arreglen, yo paso — they can sort it out themselves, it's not my problem
2.paso de él — (esp Esp) I don't give a damn o I couldn't care less what he does (colloq)
pasar vt1)a) ( hacer atravesar)b) ( por la aduana -legalmente) to take through; (- ilegalmente) to smugglec) ( hacer deslizar)a esto hay que pasarle una plancha — this needs a quick iron o run over with the iron
2) (exhibir, mostrar) <película/anuncio> to show3)a) (cruzar, atravesar) < frontera> to cross; <pueblo/ciudad> to go throughb) ( dejar atrás) <edificio/calle> to go pastc) (adelantar, sobrepasar) to overtakepasar A algo — to overtake something, to get past something
está altísimo, ya pasa a su padre — he's really tall, he's already overtaken his father
4) <examen/prueba> to pass5) <página/hoja> to turn6) (fam) ( tolerar)a ese tipo no lo paso — I can't stand o take that guy (colloq)
no podía pasar aquella sopa — I couldn't stomach o eat that soup
pasar por alto — <falta/error> to overlook, forget about; tema/punto to leave out, omit
7) ( transcribir)tendré que pasar la carta — I'll have to write o copy the letter out again
¿me pasas esto a máquina? — could you type this for me?
8) (entregar, hacer llegar)¿me pasas el martillo? — can you pass me the hammer?
9) <gripe/resfriado> to giveme lo pasó a mí — he gave it to me, he passed it on to me
10)a) < tiempo> to spendb) ( con idea de continuidad)11)a) (sufrir, padecer) penalidades/desgracias to go through, to sufferestá pasando una mala racha — he's going through bad times o (BrE) a bad patch
pasé mucho miedo/frío — I was very frightened/cold
b)pasarlo or pasarla bien — to have a good time
3.¿qué tal lo pasaste en la fiesta? — did you have a good time at the party?, did you enjoy the party?
1) pasarse v pron2) ( cambiarse)3)a) ( ir demasiado lejos)nos pasamos, el banco está más arriba — we've gone too far, the bank isn't as far down as this
b) (fam) ( excederse) to go too farse pasó con la sal — he overdid the salt (colloq)
se pasó de listo — he tried to be too clever (colloq)
c) (CS fam) ( lucirse)4)a) peras/tomates to go bad, get overripe; carne/pescado to go off, go bad; leche to go off, go sourb) (recocerse): arroz/pasta to get overcooked5)a) ( desaparecer) efecto to wear off; dolor to go away; (+ me/te/le etc)ya se me pasó el dolor — the pain's gone o eased now
espera a que se le pase el enojo — wait until he's calmed o cooled down
b) ( transcurrir)el año se ha pasado muy rápido — this year has gone very quickly; (+ me/te/le etc)
6) (+ me/te/le etc)a) ( olvidarse)b) ( dejar de notar)c) ( dejar escapar)7) (enf) ( estar)se pasó el domingo durmiendo — he spent the whole of Sunday evening sleeping; ver tb pasar verbo transitivo III 1b y 2b
8) (enf) (fam) (ir)¿podrías pasarte por el mercado? — could you go down to the market?
9) (refl)* * *= hand (over), pass, pass by, pass on, transfer, transmit, turn over + page, hand on, spend, transpire, pass out, turn over, slide over, pass along, get through, can't/couldn't be bothered, go + past, pass down, roll on, pass out, blow over, make + the cut, wear off, hand down.Ex: Eventually, teachers should be able to ' hand the chalk over to the students' and take a back seat.
Ex: Examination reveals positions on the cards where the light passes through all the cards in a stack.Ex: The days of needing to change into carpet slippers before going to such an area have thankfully passed by.Ex: If ignored, the problems are only passed on to all the users of the catalog: the public, the reference department, the acquisitions department, and naturally the cataloging department.Ex: Scope notes, on the order hand, may be present in a thesaurus but are unlikely to be transferred to an index.Ex: The system permits the requester to specify up to five potential lending libraries, and the system transmits the requests to these libraries one at a time.Ex: Turn over the page and you will find suggested analyses against which you can check your solution.Ex: Some experts have expressed grave doubts about the durability of contemporary literary and artistic works on paper and hence the possibility of handing on works of culture to future generations.Ex: Any funeral scene in a story inevitably conjures in myself memories of my childhood spent as the son of an undertaker.Ex: The 2nd is the fact that most information seeking transpires with little help from librarians, who have consistently failed to establish themselves as primary information professionals.Ex: At the Closing Session Danish flags were suddenly produced and passed out among the crowd who began waving them enthusiastically.Ex: Then he picked up about 2 cm. of type from the right-hand end of the uppermost line (i.e. the last word or two of the last line) with the thumb and forefinger of his right hand, read it, and dropped the pieces of type one by one into their proper boxes, turning over the old house.Ex: He had greeted her courteously, as was his wont, and had inquired if she minded his smoking; she told him to go ahead and slid over an ashtray.Ex: If the head of reference services does not pass along the information to the staff the reference librarians, by being uninformed, will undoubtedly not make as good an impression on the important city managers.Ex: I think that the so-called average person often exhibits a great deal of heroism in getting through an ordinary day.Ex: Consider for example, a teacher who doesn't change his password (ever!) or can't be bothered to log out, all the firewalls and antivirus programs in the world will not protect a school's network.Ex: Unfortunately, its conclusions are completely pedestrian, rarely going past the fact that there were old people in England in the late Middle Ages.Ex: The knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation by sentient beings on this planet for aeons and aeons is quite impossible to fully comprehend.Ex: But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.Ex: Put a set of premises into such a device and turn the crank, and it will readily pass out conclusion after conclusion.Ex: During the bulk of that time, your liberal leaders grandly sat, waiting for various things to blow over.Ex: Naturally, the recruiters whose people were not chosen for the job wanted feedback as to why their candidates did not make the cut.Ex: We're all familiar with the idea of novelty value and how it wears off with time.Ex: A hunting guide while still in his teens, he learned his woodcraft first hand, absorbing lore handed down to him from his father.* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time goes by, as time passes (by).* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* ayudar a pasar por = get + Nombre + through.* cada día que pasa = each passing day.* conforme + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.* conforme + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* dejar pasar = pass up, forego [forgo], let through.* dejar pasar a Alguien = let + Alguien + by.* dejar pasar Algo = put + Nombre + behind.* dejar pasar una oportunidad = forego + opportunity, miss + opportunity, pass up + opportunity, miss + chance.* desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....* día que pasa = passing day.* esa época ya pasó hace tiempo = that time is long past.* haber pasado por aquí antes = have been down this road before.* hacer a Alguien pasar vergüenza = embarrass.* hacer que Alguien las pase canutas = give + Nombre + a run for + Posesivo + money.* hacérselas pasar canutas a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops.* hacérselas pasarlas canutas a Alguien = push + Nombre + to the edge.* hacérselas pasar negras a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops.* hacerse pasar por = masquerade as, impersonate.* las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas no pasan así porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).* las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lugar donde pasar el rato = hang out.* no dejar pasar = keep out.* no dejar pasar la oportunidad = ride + the wave.* no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.* pasando a = moving on to.* pasar a = go on to, move on to, proceed to, shunt into, switch over, switch to, step onto, spill over into.* pasar a Alguien lo mismo que a = suffer + the fate of.* pasar a Alguien lo que a = suffer + the fate of.* pasar a cosas más agradables = on a happier note.* pasar a la clandestinidad = go into + hiding.* pasar a la era de = move into + the age of.* pasar a la historia = history in the making, go down in + history.* pasar a la historia como = go down as, go down in + history as, go down in + the history books as, go down in + the annals of history as.* pasar a la página + Número = turn to + page + Número.* pasar a la posteridad = go down to + posterity.* pasar a la posteridad como = go down to + posterity as.* pasar Algo a Alguien = turn + Algo + over to + Alguien.* pasar algo inesperado = things + take a turn for the unexpected.* pasar algún tiempo en = have + a turn at.* pasar al olvido = blow over.* pasar a los anales de la historia = go down in + history.* pasar a los anales de la historia como = go down in + history as, go down in + the history books as, go down in + the annals of history as.* pasar al primer plano = take + centre stage.* pasar al siguiente año fiscal = roll over.* pasar al siguiente nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.* pasar a mejor vida = bite + the dust, give up + the ghost.* pasar año(s) antes de que = be year(s) before.* pasar a ocupar el puesto de Alguien = step into + the shoes of, stand in + Posesivo + shoes.* pasar aprietos = feel + the pinch.* pasar apuros = struggle, pass through + adversity, have + a thin time, be under strain, bear + hardship, be hard pressed, feel + the pinch, have + a hard time, the wolves + be + at the door, have + a tough time.* pasar apuros económicos = lead + a precarious existence.* pasar a ser = become, develop into.* pasar a ser el centro de atención = come into + focus, take + centre stage.* pasar a ser inconcebible = render + inconceivable.* pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.* pasar a una situación económica más confortable = improve + Posesivo + lot.* pasar a vida mejor = lay + Nombre + low.* pasar casi rozando = skim.* pasar como una bala = whiz.* pasar de = get beyond.* pasar de... a... = proceed from... to..., move from... to....* pasar de... a = switch from... to..., go from... to..., swing between... and..., grow from... into/to.* pasar de contrabando = smuggle.* pasar de generación en generación = pass down from + generation to generation.* pasar de largo = bypass [by-pass].* pasar de largo rápidamente = race + past.* pasar de moda = drop out of + vogue, go out of + fashion, go out of + favour, go out of + date, go out of + vogue, fall out of + vogue, go out of + style, pass away, obsolesce, drop out of + circulation.* pasar desapercibido = be unnoticeable, go + unnoticed, lie + unnoticed, remain + unnoticed, slip by + unnoticed, become + unnoticeable, go + unrecognised, be an invisible fly on the wall, go + unnoted, lie + forgotten, sneak under + the radar.* pasar de una persona a otra = pass around.* pasar de uno a otro = change back and forth.* pasar de un sitio a otro = travel.* pasar dificultades = struggle, be under strain, bear + hardship, have + a difficult time, experience + difficult times, pass through + difficult times, face + difficult times.* pasar el invierno = winter, overwinter.* pasar el mochuelo = pass + the bucket.* pasar el muerto = pass + the bucket.* pasar el platillo = pass + the bucket (around).* pasar el rato = hang out.* pasar el rato con = kick + it with.* pasar el rato con los amigos = hang out with + Posesivo + friends.* pasar el relevo a = hand + the reins over to.* pasar el testigo = pass (on) + the torch, pass (on) + the baton.* pasar el tiempo = pass + the time, hang around, spend + Posesivo + days, hang about, hang out.* pasar el tiempo libre = spend + Posesivo + leisure, spend + Posesivo + leisure time.* pasar + Expresión Temporal = elapse + Expresión Temporal, go by + Expresión Temporal.* pasar hambre = suffer from + hunger, go + hungry, starve.* pasar hojas = page (through), turn + pages, flip + pages.* pasar hojas hacia atrás = page + backward.* pasar hojas hacia delante = page + forward.* pasar inadvertidamente = slip, creep + past, sneak + past.* pasar inadvertido = be unnoticeable, escape + notice, go + unnoticed, lie + unnoticed, remain + unnoticed, slip by + unnoticed, become + unnoticeable, go + unrecognised, go + unnoted, sneak under + the radar.* pasar la antorcha = hand over + the torch.* pasar la luna de miel = honeymoon.* pasar la noche = spend + the night, stay overnight.* pasar la página = turn over + page.* pasar la pantalla = scroll.* pasar la pelota = pass + the buck.* pasar la prueba = pass + muster.* pasarlas canutas = jump through + hoops, have + a devil of a time, be to hell and back.* pasarlas negras = jump through + hoops, have + a devil of a time.* pasarlas putas = jump through + hoops, be to hell and back.* pasar las riendas del poder a = hand + the reins over to.* pasar las vacaciones = vacation.* pasar llevando = take through.* pasarlo a lo grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo bien = have + fun, be a great time.* pasarlo bomba = be a great time, have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo canutas intentando Hacer Algo = have + a heck of a time + trying.* pasarlo en grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo genial = have + a whale of a time.* pasarlo mal = have + a thin time, have + a difficult time, experience + difficult times, pass through + difficult times, face + difficult times.* pasarlo muy mal = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.* pasarlo pipa = have + a whale of a time.* pasar los días = spend + Posesivo + days.* pasar miseria = the wolves + be + at the door.* pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.* pasar + Nombre + a = turn + Nombre + over to.* pasar penurias = suffer from + deprivation.* pasar poco a poco = slide into.* pasar por = cross, pass through, reach down, step through, go by, go through, pass for, pass across, run + Nombre + through + Nombre, make + Posesivo + way through, run through.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], gloss over, miss, obviate, overlook, short-circuit [shortcircuit], skip over, leapfrog, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by, flout, close + the door on, skip.* pasar por alto la autoridad de Alguien = go over + Posesivo + head.* pasar por alto rápidamente = race + past.* pasar por aquí = come by.* pasar por delante de = make + Posesivo + way past.* pasar por el acoso de = run + the gauntlet of.* pasar por el infierno = be to hell and back.* pasar por el lado de = make + Posesivo + way past.* pasar por encima = pass over.* pasar por encima de la cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.* pasar por la mitad de = cut through.* pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.* pasar por un período de = go through + a period of.* pasar por un proceso de = go through + a process of.* pasar privaciones = suffer from + deprivation.* pasar rápidamente = run through, sweep by, sweep, flash across.* pasar rápidamente a = snap to.* pasar rápidamente por encima de = sweep across, swing over.* pasar registros a disco = transfer + records + to disc.* pasar revista = review.* pasarse = come by, drop in, overshoot, step over + the edge, go + overboard, go + too far.* pasarse Algo por el culo = not give a shit.* pasarse Algo por el forro = flout.* pasarse Algo por la entrepierna = not give a shit.* pasarse con = act + fresh with.* pasar sed = go + thirsty.* pasarse de = overstep.* pasarse de + Adjetivo = be too + Adjetivo + by half.* pasarse de la raya = cross + the line.* pasarse del límite = overrun [over-run].* pasárselo bien = have + a good time, have + a great time.* pasárselo en grande = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.* pasárselo fabuloso = have + a good time, have + a great time, have + a whale of a time.* pasárselo la mar de bien = have + a whale of a time, have + a great time.* pasárselo pipa = have + a great time.* pasarse por = drop by, stop by, mosey.* pasar sin = get along without, forego [forgo], do without, live without.* pasar sin Alguien = spare + Nombre Personal.* pasar sin comodidades = rough it.* pasar sin ser visto = sneak + past, sneak through, sneak under + the radar, go + unnoticed.* pasar + Tiempo = spend + time, spend + Tiempo.* pasar tiempo haciendo Algo = do + stint at.* pasar una crisis = face + crisis.* pasar una prueba = endure + ordeal, pass + a test, stand up.* pasar una prueba de sobra = pass with + flying colours.* pasar una tarjeta por un lector electrónico = swipe.* pasar un buen rato = disport + Reflexivo.* pasar un cuestionario = administer + questionnaire, carry out + questionnaire.* pasar un rato = say + hi.* pasar zumbando = whiz.* pase lo que pase = come what may, come rain or shine, rain or shine, come hell or high water.* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* ¿Qué pasa? = What's up?.* que pasaba = passing.* que pasa desapercibido = inconspicuous.* ¿qué pasa si... ? = what if... ?.* que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* quien no malgasta no pasa necesidades = waste not, want not.* sin haber pasado por la calandria = uncalendered.* ¡tener + que pasar por encima de + Posesivo + cadáver! = over + Posesivo + dead body.* tiempo + pasar = time + march on.* todavía no ha pasado lo mejor = the best is yet to come.* tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.* tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.* ver lo que pasa = take it from there/here.* * *pasar [A1 ]■ pasar (verbo intransitivo)A1 por un lugar2 deteniéndose en un lugar3 caber, entrarB1 transmitirse, transferirse2 comunicarC entrarD1 cambiar de estado, actividad, tema2 Educación3 indicando aceptabilidadE exceder un límiteF1 pasar por: ser tenido por2 pasar por: implicarA1 transcurrir2 terminarB arreglárselasSentido III ocurrir, sucederA1 en naipes, juegos2 rechazando una invitaciónB expresando indiferencia■ pasar (verbo transitivo)A1 hacer atravesar2 pasar por la aduana3 hacer recorrerB exhibir, mostrarC1 cruzar, atravesar2 adelantar, sobrepasarD aprobar: examenE dar la vuelta aF tolerar, admitirG transcribirH engañarA entregar, hacer llegarB contagiarA pasar: tiempo, día etcB1 sufrir, padecer2 pasarlo bien/mal■ pasarse (verbo pronominal)A cambiarseB1 ir demasiado lejos2 excederse3 lucirseC1 pasarse: comestibles2 CocinaA desaparecerB «tiempo»C olvidarseA enfático: con idea de continuidadB enfático: irC reflexivoviA1 (por un lugar) to come/go pastno ha pasado ni un taxi not one taxi has come/gone by o come/gone pastpasó un coche a toda velocidad a car passed at top speed, a car came/went past at top speed, a car shot o sped past¿a qué hora pasa el lechero? what time does the milkman come?no aparques aquí, que no pueden pasar otros coches don't park here, other cars won't be able to get pastno dejan pasar a nadie they're not letting anyone throughno dejes pasar esta oportunidad don't miss this chancepasar de largo to go right o straight pastel autobús venía completo y pasó de largo the bus was full and didn't stop o went right o straight past without stoppingpasó de largo sin siquiera saludar she went right o straight past o ( colloq) she sailed past without even saying hellopasar POR algo to go THROUGH sthal pasar por la aduana when you go through customsprefiero no pasar por el centro I'd rather not go through the city centerel Tajo pasa por Aranjuez the Tagus flows through Aranjuezhay un vuelo directo, no hace falta pasar por Miami there's a direct flight so you don't have to go via Miami¿este autobús pasa por el museo? does this bus go past the museum?¿el 45 pasa por aquí? does the number 45 come this way/stop here?pasamos justo por delante de su casa we went right past her housepasaba por aquí y se me ocurrió hacerte una visita I was just passing by o I was in the area and I thought I'd drop in and see youni me pasó por la imaginación que fuese a hacerlo it didn't even occur to me o it didn't even cross my mind that she would do itel país está pasando por momentos difíciles these are difficult times for the country2 (deteniéndose en un lugar) pasar POR:¿podríamos pasar por el supermercado? can we stop off at the supermarket?de camino tengo que pasar por la oficina I have to drop in at o stop by the office on the waypase usted por caja please go over to the cashierpasa un día por casa why don't you drop o come by the house sometime?pasar A + INF:puede pasar a recogerlo mañana you can come and pick it up tomorrowpasaremos a verlos de camino a casa we'll drop by o stop by and see them on the way home, we'll call in o drop in and see them on the way home3(caber, entrar): no creo que pase por la puerta, es demasiado ancho I don't think it'll go through o I don't think we'll get it through the door, it's too wideesta camiseta no me pasa por la cabeza I can't get this T-shirt over my headB1(transmitirse, transferirse): la humedad ha pasado a la habitación de al lado the damp has gone through to the room next doorel título pasa al hijo mayor the title passes o goes to the eldest sonla carta ha ido pasando de mano en mano the letter has been passed around (to everyone)2(comunicar): te paso con Javier (en el mismo teléfono) I'll let you speak to Javier, I'll hand o pass you over to Javier; (en otro teléfono) I'll put you through to JavierC (entrar — acercándose al hablante) to come in; (— alejándose del hablante) to go inpasa, no te quedes en la puerta come (on) in, don't stand there in the doorway¿se puede? — pase may I come in? — yes, please do¡que pase el siguiente! next, please!ha llegado el señor Díaz — hágalo pasar Mr Díaz is here — show him in please¡no pasarán! ( fr hecha); they shall not pass!pueden pasar al comedor you may go through into the dining room¿puedo pasar al baño? may I use the bathroom please?¿quién quiere pasar al pizarrón? ( AmL); who's going to come up to the blackboard?D1 (cambiar de estado, actividad, tema) pasar ( DE algo) A algo:en poco tiempo ha pasado del anonimato a la fama in a very short space of time she's gone o shot from obscurity to famepasó del quinto al séptimo lugar she went o dropped from fifth to seventh placeahora pasa a tercera ( Auto) now change into thirdpasa a la página 98 continued on page 98pasando a otra cosa … anyway, to change the subject …pasar A + INF:el equipo pasa a ocupar el primer puesto the team moves into first placepasó a formar parte del equipo en julio she joined the team in Julymás tarde pasó a tratar la cuestión de los impuestos later he went on to deal with the question of taxespasamos a informar de otras noticias de interés now, the rest of the news2 ( Educación):Daniel ya pasa a tercero Daniel will be starting third grade next semester ( AmE), Daniel will be going into the third year next term ( BrE)si pasas de curso te compro una bicicleta if you get through o pass your end-of-year exams, I'll buy you a bicycle3(indicando aceptabilidad): no está perfecto, pero puede pasar it's not perfect, but it'll dopor esta vez (que) pase, pero que no se repita I'll let it pass o go this time, but don't let it happen againE (exceder un límite) pasar DE algo:no pases de 100 don't go over 100fue un pequeño desacuerdo pero no pasó de eso it was nothing more than a slight disagreement, we/they had a slight disagreement, but it was nothing more than thatestuvo muy cortés conmigo pero no pasó de eso he was very polite, but no moretengo que escribirle, de hoy no pasa I must write to him today without failestá muy grave, no creo que pase de hoy he's very ill, I don't think he'll last another dayyo diría que no pasa de los 30 I wouldn't say he was more than 30al principio no pasábamos de nueve empleados there were only nine of us working there/here at the beginningno pasan de ser palabras vacías they are still nothing but empty words o still only empty words1(ser tenido por): pasa por tonto, pero no lo es he might look stupid, but he isn'tpodrían pasar por hermanas they could pass for sistersse hacía pasar por médico he passed himself off as a doctorse hizo pasar por mi padre he pretended to be my father2 (implicar) to lie inla solución pasa por la racionalización de la industria the solution lies in the rationalization of the industryA «tiempo»1(transcurrir): ya han pasado dos horas y aún no ha vuelto it's been two hours now and she still hasn't come back¡cómo pasa el tiempo! doesn't time fly!por ti no pasan los años you look as young as everpasaban las horas y no llegaba the hours went by o passed and still he didn't come2(terminar): menos mal que el invierno ya ha pasado thank goodness winter's overya ha pasado lo peor the worst is over nowno llores, ya pasó don't cry, it's all right now o it's all over nowB(arreglárselas): ¿compro más o podemos pasar con esto? shall I buy some more or can we get by on o make do with this?sin electricidad podemos pasar, pero sin agua no we can manage o do without electricity but not without waterSentido III (ocurrir, suceder) to happendéjame que te cuente lo que pasó let me tell you what happenedclaro que me gustaría ir, lo que pasa es que estoy cansada of course I'd like to go, only I'm really tired o it's just that I'm really tiredlo que pasa es que el jueves no voy a estar the thing is o the problem is I won't be here on Thursdayiré pase lo que pase I'm going whatever happens o come what may¿qué pasó con lo del reloj? what happened about the watch?ahora se dan la mano y aquí no ha pasado nada now just shake hands and let's forget the whole thingen este pueblo nunca pasa nada nothing ever happens in this townsiempre pasa igual or lo mismo it's always the same¿qué pasa? ¿por qué estás tan serio? what's up o what's the matter? why are you looking so serious?se lo dije yo ¿pasa algo? I told him, what of it o what's it to you? ( colloq), I told him, do you have a problem with that? ( colloq)no te hagas mala sangre, son cosas que pasan don't get upset about it, these things happen(+ me/te/le etc): ¿qué te ha pasado en el ojo? what have you done to your eye?, what's happened to your eye?¿qué le pasará a Ricardo que tiene tan mala cara? I wonder what's up with o what's the matter with Ricardo? he looks terrible ( colloq)¿qué te pasa que estás tan callado? why are you so quiet?¿qué le pasa a la lavadora que no centrifuga? why isn't the washing machine spinning?no sé qué me pasa I don't know what's wrong o what's the matter with meeso le pasa a cualquiera that can happen to anybodyel coche quedó destrozado pero a él no le pasó nada the car was wrecked but he escaped unhurtA1 (en naipes, juegos) to passpaso, no tengo tréboles pass o I can't go, I don't have any clubs2 ( fam)(rechazando una invitación, una oportunidad): tómate otra — no, gracias, esta vez paso have another one — no thanks, I'll skip this one o I'll pass on this round ( colloq)¿vas a tomar postre? — no, yo paso are you going to have a dessert? — no, I think I'll give it a miss o no, I couldn'tpasar DE algo:esta noche paso de salir, estoy muy cansada I don't feel like going out tonight, I'm very tired ( colloq)B ( fam)(expresando indiferencia): que se las arreglen, yo paso they can sort it out themselves, it's not my problem o I don't want anything to do with itpasar DE algo:pasa ampliamente de lo que diga la gente she couldn't give a damn about o she couldn't care less what people say ( colloq)paso mucho de política I couldn't give a damn about politics ( colloq)mis padres pasan de mí my parents couldn't care less what I do/what happens to me■ pasarvtA1 (hacer atravesar) pasar algo POR algo:pasar la salsa por un tamiz put the sauce through a sieve, sieve the saucepasé la piña por la licuadora I put the pineapple through the blender, I liquidized o blended the pineapplepasa el cordón por este agujero thread the shoelace through this hole2(por la aduana): ¿cuántas botellas de vino se puede pasar? how many bottles of wine are you allowed to take through?los pillaron intentando pasar armas they were caught trying to smuggle o bring in arms3ven aquí, que te voy a pasar un peine come here and let me give your hair a quick comb o let me put a comb through your hairpásale un trapo al piso give the floor a quick wipe, wipe the floor downpasarlo primero por harina first dip it in floura esto hay que pasarle una plancha this needs a quick iron o ( colloq) a quick once-over o run over with the ironB (exhibir, mostrar) ‹película/anuncio› to showlas chicas que pasaron los modelos the girls who modeled the dressesC1 (cruzar, atravesar) ‹frontera› to crosspasaron el río a nado they swam across the riveresa calle la pasamos hace rato we went past o we passed that street a while back¿ya hemos pasado Flores? have we been through Flores yet?2 (adelantar, sobrepasar) to overtakea ver si podemos pasar a este camión why don't we overtake o get past o pass this truck?está altísimo, ya pasa a su padre he's really tall, he's already overtaken his fatherD (aprobar) ‹examen/prueba› to passE (dar la vuelta a) ‹página/hoja› to turnF ( fam)(tolerar, admitir): esto no te lo paso I'm not letting you get away with thisel profesor no te deja pasar ni una the teacher doesn't let you get away with anythinga ese tipo no lo paso or no lo puedo pasar I can't stand o take that guy ( colloq)yo el Roquefort no lo paso I can't stand Roquefort, I hate Roquefortno podía pasar aquella sopa grasienta I couldn't stomach o eat that greasy souppasar por alto ‹falta/error› to overlook, forget about; (olvidar, omitir) to forget, leave out, omit, overlookG(transcribir): tendré que pasar la carta I'll have to write o copy the letter out again¿me pasas esto a máquina? could you type this for me?se cree que me va a pasar a mí he thinks he can put one over on meA(entregar, hacer llegar): cuando termines el libro, pásaselo a Miguel when you finish the book, pass it on to Miguel¿me pasas el martillo? can you pass me the hammer?¿han pasado ya la factura? have they sent the bill yet?, have they billed you/us yet?le pasó el balón a Gómez he passed the ball to Gómezel padre le pasa una mensualidad she gets a monthly allowance from her father, her father gives her a monthly allowanceB (contagiar) ‹gripe/resfriado› to givese lo pasé a toda la familia I gave it to o passed it on to the whole familyA ‹tiempo› to spendvamos a pasar las Navidades en casa we are going to spend Christmas at homefuimos a Toledo a pasar el día we went to Toledo for the dayB1(sufrir, padecer): pasaron muchas penalidades they went through o suffered a lot of hardshippasé mucho miedo I was very frightened¿pasaste frío anoche? were you cold last night?pasamos hambre en la posguerra we went hungry after the warno sabes las que pasé yo con ese hombre you've no idea what I went through with that man2pasarlo or pasarla bien/mal: lo pasa muy mal con los exámenes he gets very nervous o ( colloq) gets in a real state about exams¿qué tal lo pasaste en la fiesta? did you have a good time at the party?, did you enjoy the party?■ pasarseA(cambiarse): pasarse al enemigo/al bando contrario to go over to the enemy/to the other sidequeremos pasarnos a la otra oficina we want to move to the other officeB1(ir demasiado lejos): nos hemos pasado, el banco está más arriba we've gone too far, the bank isn't as far down as thisnos pasamos de estación/parada we missed o went past our station/stop2 ( fam) (excederse) to go too faresta vez te has pasado you've gone too far this timeno te pases que no estoy para bromas that's enough o don't push your luck ( colloq), I'm not in the mood for jokesse pasaron con los precios they charged exorbitant prices, the prices they charged were way over the top o way out of line ( colloq)se pasó con la sal he put too much salt in it, he overdid the salt ( colloq)pasarse DE algo:se pasó de listo he tried to be too clever ( colloq)te pasas de bueno you're too kind for your own good3(CS fam) (lucirse): ¡te pasaste! esto está riquísimo you've excelled yourself! this is really delicious ( colloq)se pasó con ese gol that was a fantastic goal he scored ( colloq)C1 «peras/tomates» to go bad, get overripe; «carne/pescado» to go off, go bad; «leche» to go off, go sourestos plátanos se están pasando these bananas are starting to go bad o to get overripe2 ( Cocina):se va a pasar el arroz the rice is going to spoil o get overcookedno lo dejes pasar de punto don't let it overcookSentido II (+ me/te/le etc)A(desaparecer): ya se me pasó el dolor the pain's gone o eased nowespera a que se le pase el enojo wait until he's calmed o cooled downhasta que se le pase la fiebre until her temperature goes downB«tiempo»: sus clases se me pasan volando her classes seem to go so quicklyse me pasaron las tres horas casi sin enterarme the three hours flew by almost without my realizingC(olvidarse): lo siento, se me pasó totalmente I'm sorry, I completely forgot o it completely slipped my mindse me pasó su cumpleaños I forgot his birthdayA ( enfático)(con idea de continuidad): se pasa meses sin ver a su mujer he goes for months at a time o he goes months without seeing his wife, he doesn't see his wife for months on endse pasa hablando por teléfono ( AmL); he's always on the telephoneme pasé toda la noche estudiando I was up all night studyinges capaz de pasarse el día entero sin probar bocado he can quite easily go the whole day without having a thing to eat¿podrías pasarte por el mercado? could you go down to the market?, could you pop o nip down to the market? ( BrE colloq)C ( reflexivo):se pasó la mano por el pelo he ran his fingers through his hairni siquiera tuve tiempo de pasarme un peine I didn't even have time to run a comb through my hair o ( BrE) to give my hair a comb* * *
pasar ( conjugate pasar) verbo intransitivo
1
◊ no ha pasado ni un taxi not one taxi has come/gone past;
los otros coches no podían pasar the other cars weren't able to get past;
no dejan pasar a nadie they're not letting anyone through;
pasar de largo to go right o straight past;
pasar por la aduana to go through customs;
es un vuelo directo, no pasa por Miami it's a direct flight, it doesn't go via Miami;
¿este autobús pasa por el museo? does this bus go past the museum?;
pasamos por delante de su casa we went past her house;
pasaba por aquí y … I was just passing by o I was in the area and …b) ( deteniéndose en un lugar):◊ ¿podríamos pasar por el banco? can we stop off at the bank?;
pasa un día por casa why don't you drop o come by the house sometime?;
puede pasar a recogerlo mañana you can come and pick it up tomorrow
[ humedad] to go through from one side to the otherd) ( caber):
2 ( entrar — acercándose al hablante) to come in;
(— alejándose del hablante) to go in;◊ pase, por favor please, do come in;
¡que pase el siguiente! next, please!;
haga pasar al Sr Díaz show Mr Díaz in please
3
b) ( comunicar):
( en otro teléfono) I'll put you through to Javier
4a) (Educ) to pass;◊ pasar de curso to get through o pass one's end-of-year examsb) ( ser aceptable):◊ no está perfecto, pero puede pasar it's not perfect, but it'll do;
por esta vez, (que) pase I'll let it pass o go this time
5
a) ( ser tenido por):
ver tb hacerse II 3
( suceder) to happen;
lo que pasa es que… the thing o the problem is …;
pase lo que pase whatever happens, come what may;
siempre pasa igual or lo mismo it's always the same;
¿qué pasa? what's the matter?, what's up? (colloq);
¿qué te pasa? what's the matter with you?;
¿qué te pasó en el ojo? what happened to your eye?;
¿qué le pasa a la tele? what's wrong with the TV?;
eso le pasa a cualquiera that can happen to anybody;
no le pasó nada nothing happened to him
1 ( transcurrir) [tiempo/años] to pass, go by;◊ pasaron muchos años many years went by o passed;
ya han pasado dos horas it's been two hours now;
un año pasa muy rápido a year goes very quickly;
¡cómo pasa el tiempo! doesn't time fly!
2 ( cesar) [crisis/mal momento] to be over;
[ efecto] to wear off;
[ dolor] to go away
3 ( arreglárselas) pasar sin algo to manage without sth
verbo transitivo
1
‹pueblo/ciudad› to go through
2a) ( hacer atravesar) pasar algo POR algo to put sth through sth;
(— ilegalmente) to smuggle
3 ( hacer recorrer):
pásale un trapo al piso give the floor a quick wipe;
hay que pasarle una plancha it needs a quick iron
4 (exhibir, mostrar) ‹película/anuncio› to show
5 ‹examen/prueba› to pass
6 ‹página/hoja› to turn;
‹tema/punto› to leave out, omit
1 (entregar, hacer llegar):
¿me pasas el martillo? can you pass me the hammer?
2 ( contagiar) to give, to pass on
1
fuimos a Toledo a pasar el día we went to Toledo for the dayb) ( con idea de continuidad):
pasa todo el día al teléfono she spends all day on the phone
◊ ¿qué tal lo pasaste en la fiesta? did you have a good time at the party?, did you enjoy the party?;
lo pasé mal I didn't enjoy myself
2 (sufrir, padecer) ‹penalidades/desgracias› to go through, to suffer;◊ pasé mucho miedo/frío I was very frightened/cold
pasarse verbo pronominal
1 ( cambiarse):
2
esta vez te has pasado (fam) you've gone too far this time
¿podrías pasarte por el mercado? could you go down to the market?
3
[carne/pescado] to go off, go bad;
[ leche] to go off, go sour
1
[ dolor] to go away;
(+ me/te/le etc)◊ ya se me pasó el dolor the pain's gone o eased now;
espera a que se le pase el enojo wait until he's calmed o cooled downb) ( transcurrir):
ver tb pasar verbo transitivo III 1
2 (+ me/te/le etc)a) ( olvidarse):
b) ( dejar escapar):
pasar
I verbo transitivo
1 to pass
2 (trasladar) to move
3 (dar) to pass, give: no me pasó el recado, he didn't give me the message
4 (hojas de libro) to turn
5 (el tiempo, la vida) to spend, pass
6 (soportar, sufrir) to suffer, endure: está pasando una crisis personal, she's going through a personal crisis
pasamos sed y calor, we suffered thirst and heat
7 (río, calle, frontera) to cross
8 (tragar) to swallow
9 (tolerar, aguantar) to bear
10 (introducir) to insert, put through
11 (un examen, una eliminatoria) to pass
12 Cine to run, show: este sábado pasan Ben Hur, they're putting Ben Hur on this Saturday
II verbo intransitivo
1 to pass: ¿a qué hora pasa el tren?, what time does the train pass?
Cervantes pasó por aquí, Cervantes passed this way
ya pasó, it has already passed
pasar de largo, to go by (without stopping)
2 (entrar) to come in
3 (ser tolerable) to be acceptable: no está mal, puede pasar, it isn't bad, it will do
4 (exceder) to surpass: no pases de los 70 km/h, don't exceed 70 km/h
5 (a otro asunto) to go on to
pasar a ser, to become
6 (tiempo) to pass, go by
7 (arreglarse, apañarse) pasar sin, to do without: puedo pasar sin coche, I can manage without a car
8 fam (no tener interés, prescindir) pasa de lo que digan, don't mind what they say
paso de ir al cine, I'll give the cinema a miss
9 (suceder) to happen: ¿qué pasa?, what's going on?
¿qué le pasa?, what's the matter with him?
pase lo que pase, whatever happens o come what may
♦ Locuciones: pasar algo a limpio, to make a fair copy of sthg
pasarlo bien/mal, to have a good/difficult time
pasar por, to put up with: paso por que me digas que estoy gorda, pero no pienso tolerar que me amargues cada comida, I can handle you calling me fat, but I'm not having you ruin every single meal for me
pasar por alto, to overlook: pasaré por alto esa observación, I'll just ignore that remark
' pasar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
achicharrarse
- ahorrar
- amarga
- amargo
- aro
- blanca
- blanco
- bondad
- cabalgata
- cadáver
- calor
- cocerse
- colar
- desapercibida
- desapercibido
- desfilar
- deslizar
- entretenerse
- historia
- inadvertida
- inadvertido
- inri
- mayor
- meneo
- noche
- penalidad
- posibilidad
- privación
- rato
- relámpago
- revista
- rozar
- salvar
- suceder
- superar
- suplantar
- suprimir
- tamiz
- tener
- tesorería
- tirarse
- torniquete
- trago
- verter
- vestidura
- vicaría
- vida
- vivir
- adiós
- alcanzar
English:
ask in
- bootleg
- bring in
- brush
- buck
- by
- call
- clamber
- clear
- come
- come by
- come on to
- decide on
- discount
- do without
- drag
- dread
- drive-through
- elapse
- embarrassment
- envisage
- envision
- fashion
- fill in
- fly
- fore
- gallop past
- get by
- get on to
- get onto
- get past
- get through
- gloss over
- go
- go along
- go by
- go on
- go out
- go through
- go under
- graze
- hand on
- hang out
- happen
- have
- hibernate
- hideous
- holiday
- Hoover
- hungry
* * *♦ vt1. [dar, transmitir] to pass;[noticia, aviso] to pass on;¿me pasas la sal? would you pass me the salt?;pásame toda la información que tengas give me o let me have all the information you've got;no se preocupe, yo le paso el recado don't worry, I'll pass on the message to him;páseme con el encargado [al teléfono] could you put me through to o could I speak to the person in charge?;le paso (con él) [al teléfono] I'll put you through (to him);Valdez pasó el balón al portero Valdez passed the ball (back) to the keeper;pasan sus conocimientos de generación en generación they pass down their knowledge from one generation to the next;el Estado le pasa una pensión she gets a pension from the State;pasar harina por un cedazo to sieve flour;pasar leche por el colador to strain milk;pasa la cuerda por ese agujero pass the rope through this hole;hay que pasar las maletas por la máquina de rayos X your luggage has to go through the X-ray machine;pase las croquetas por huevo coat the croquettes with egg;pasar el cepillo por el suelo to scrub the floor;pasa un paño por la mesa give the table a wipe with a cloth;se dedican a pasar tabaco de contrabando/inmigrantes ilegales por la frontera they smuggle tobacco/illegal immigrants across the borderme has pasado el resfriado you've given me your cold3. [cruzar] to cross;pasar la calle/la frontera to cross the road/border;pasé el río a nado I swam across the river4. [rebasar, sobrepasar] [en el espacio, tiempo] to go through;¿hemos pasado ya la frontera? have we gone past o crossed the border yet?;pasar un semáforo en rojo to go through a red light;al pasar el parque gire a su izquierda once you're past the park, turn left, turn left after the park;cuando el automóvil pase los primeros cinco años debe ir a revisión the car should be serviced after five years;ya ha pasado los veinticinco he's over twenty-five now;mi hijo me pasa ya dos centímetros my son is already two centimetres taller than me5. [adelantar] [corredores, vehículos] to overtake;pasa a esa furgoneta en cuanto puedas overtake that van as soon as you canhay que pasar todos estos libros al estudio we have to take all these books through to the study, we have to move all these books to the study7. [conducir adentro] to show in;el criado nos pasó al salón the butler showed us into the living-room8. [hacer avanzar] [páginas de libro] to turn;[hojas sueltas] to turn over;pasar página to make a fresh start9. [mostrar] [película, diapositivas, reportaje] to show10. [emplear] [tiempo] to spend;pasó dos años en Roma he spent two years in Rome;¿dónde vas a pasar las vacaciones? where are you going on holiday o US vacation?, where are you going to spend your holidays o US vacation?;pasé la noche trabajando I worked all night, I spent the whole night working;he pasado muy buenos ratos con él I've had some very good times with him11. [experimentar] to go through, to experience;pasar frío/miedo to be cold/scared;¿has pasado la varicela? have you had chickenpox?;¿qué tal lo has pasado? did you have a nice time?, did you enjoy yourselves?;pasarlo bien to enjoy oneself, to have a good time;¡que lo pases bien! have a nice time!, enjoy yourself!;lo hemos pasado muy mal últimamente we've had a hard time of it recently;Fampasarlas canutas to have a rough time12. [superar] to pass;muy pocos pasaron el examen/la prueba very few people passed the exam/test;hay que pasar un reconocimiento médico you have to pass a medical;no pasamos la eliminatoria we didn't get through the tieque me engañes no te lo paso I'm not going to let you get away with cheating me;este profesor no te deja pasar (ni) una you can't get away with anything with this teacher;pasar algo por alto [adrede] to pass over sth;[sin querer] to miss sth outyo te lo paso a máquina I'll type it up for you;pasar un documento Esp [m5] al ordenador o Am [m5] a la computadora to type o key a document (up) on the computerestán siempre tratando de pasarte con el vuelto they always try to short-change you o diddle you over the change♦ vi1. [ir, moverse] to pass, to go;vimos pasar a un hombre corriendo we saw a man run past;¿cuándo pasa el camión de la basura? when do the Br dustmen o US garbage collectors come?;deja pasar a la ambulancia let the ambulance past;¿me deja pasar, por favor? may I come past, please?;pasó por mi lado he passed by my side;he pasado por tu calle I went down your street;el autobús pasa por mi casa the bus passes in front of o goes past my house;¿qué autobuses pasan por aquí? which buses go past here?, which buses can you catch from here?;el Támesis pasa por Londres the Thames flows through London;yo sólo pasaba por aquí I was just passing by;pasaba por allí y entré a saludar I was in the area, so I stopped by to say hello;pasar de largo to go straight by2. [entrar] to go/come in;pasen por aquí, por favor come this way, please;lo siento, no se puede pasar sorry, you can't go in there/come in here;pasamos a un salón muy grande we entered a very large living-room;¿puedo pasar? may I come in?;¿puedo pasar al cuarto de baño? can I use the bathroom?;hazlos pasar show them in;RPpasar al pizarrón to go/come to the blackboard4. [acercarse, ir un momento] to pop in;pasaré por mi oficina/por tu casa I'll pop into my office/round to your place;pasa por la farmacia y compra aspirinas pop into the Br chemist's o US pharmacy and buy some aspirin;pasé a verla al hospital I dropped in at the hospital to see her;pase a por el vestido o [m5] a recoger el vestido el lunes you can come and pick the dress up on Monday5. [suceder] to happen;¿qué pasa aquí? what's going on here?;¿qué pasa? [¿qué ocurre?] what's the matter?;Fam [al saludar a alguien] how's it going?; Méx Fam¿qué pasó? [¿qué tal?] how's it going?;¿qué pasa con esas cervezas? where have those beers got to?, what's happened to those beers?;no te preocupes, no pasa nada don't worry, it's OK;aquí nunca pasa nada nothing ever happens here;¿qué le pasa? what's wrong with him?, what's the matter with him?;¿le pasó algo al niño? did something happen to the child?;¿qué te pasa en la pierna? what's wrong with your leg?;eso te pasa por mentir that's what you get for lying;lo que pasa es que… the thing is…;pase lo que pase whatever happens, come what may;siempre pasa lo mismo, pasa lo de siempre it's always the same;dense la mano y aquí no ha pasado nada shake hands and just forget the whole thing (as if it had never happened)6. [terminar] to be over;pasó la Navidad Christmas is over;ya ha pasado lo peor the worst is over now;cuando pase el dolor when the pain passes o stops;la tormenta ya ha pasado the storm is over now;el efecto de estos fármacos pasa enseguida these drugs wear off quickly7. [transcurrir] to go by;pasaron tres meses three months went by;cuando pase un rato te tomas esta pastilla take this tablet after a little while;¡cómo pasa el tiempo! time flies!8. [cambiar]pasar de… a… [de lugar, estado, propietario] to go o pass from… to…;pasamos del último puesto al décimo we went (up) from last place to tenth;pasa de la depresión a la euforia she goes from depression to euphoria;pasó a formar parte del nuevo equipo he joined the new team;pasar a [nueva actividad, nuevo tema] to move on to;pasemos a otra cosa let's move on to something else;ahora pasaré a explicarles cómo funciona esta máquina now I'm going to explain to you how this machine works;Alicia pasa a (ser) jefa de personal Alicia will become personnel manager;9. [ir más allá, sobrepasar]si pasas de 160, vibra el volante if you go faster than 160, the steering wheel starts to vibrate;yo creo que no pasa de los cuarenta años I doubt she's older than forty;no pasó de ser un aparatoso accidente sin consecuencias the accident was spectacular but no-one was hurt10. [conformarse, apañarse]pasar (con/sin algo) to make do (with/without sth);tendrá que pasar sin coche she'll have to make do without a car;¿cómo puedes pasar toda la mañana sólo con un café? how can you last all morning on just a cup of coffee?;no sabe pasar sin su familia he can't cope without his family11. [experimentar]hemos pasado por situaciones de alto riesgo we have been in some highly dangerous situations¡yo por ahí no paso! I draw the line at that!13. [ser considerado]pasa por ser uno de los mejores tenistas del momento he is considered to be one of the best tennis players around at the moment;hacerse pasar por alguien/algo to pretend to be sb/sth, to pass oneself off as sb/sthpaso de política I'm not into politics;¡ése pasa de todo! he couldn't care less about anything!;15. [en naipes] to passpor esta vez pase, pero que no vuelva a ocurrir I'll overlook it this time, but I don't want it to happen again* * *I v/t1 pass;pasar la mano por run one’s hand through2 el tiempo spend;para pasar el tiempo (in order) to pass the time;pasarlo bien have a good time;¡que lo pases bien!, ¡a pasarlo bien! enjoy yourself!, have fun o a good time!4 problemas, dificultades experienceovertake7 TELEC:le paso al Sr. Galvez I’ll put you through to Mr. Galvez8:pasar algo a máquina type sthII v/i1 ( suceder) happen;¿qué ha pasado? what’s happened?;¿qué pasa? what’s happening?, what’s going on?;¿qué te pasa? what’s the matter?;pase lo que pase whatever happens, come what may;ya ha pasado lo peor the worst is over;en el viaje nos pasó de todo fam just about everything happened on that trip, it was a very eventful trip2 en juegos pass3:¡pasa!, ¡pase usted! come in!;pasé a visitarla I dropped by to see her;pasar por go by;pasa por aquí come this way;pasé por la tienda I stopped off at the shop;pasaré por tu casa I’ll drop by your house4:dejar pasar oportunidad miss5 fam:pasar de alguien not want anything to do with s.o.;paso de ir al gimnasio I can’t be bothered to go to the gym6:pasar de los 60 años be over 60 (years old);pasar de moda go out of fashion;hacerse pasar por pass o.s. off as;poder pasar sin algo be able to get by o to manage without sth;puede pasar it’s OK, it’ll do* * *pasar vi1) : to pass, to go by, to come by2) : to come in, to enter¿se puede pasar?: may we come in?3) : to happen¿qué pasa?: what's happening?, what's going on?4) : to manage, to get by5) : to be over, to end6)pasar de : to exceed, to go beyond7)pasar por : to pretend to bepasar vt1) : to pass, to give¿me pasas la sal?: would you pass me the salt?2) : to pass (a test)3) : to go over, to cross4) : to spend (time)5) : to tolerate6) : to go through, to suffer7) : to show (a movie, etc.)8) : to overtake, to pass, to surpass9) : to pass over, to wipe uppasarlo bien orpasarla bien : to have a good timepasarlo mal orpasarla mal : to have a bad time, to have a hard timepasar por alto : to overlook, to omit* * *pasar vb¡pase! come in!2. (transcurrir) to pass / to go by4. (andar, moverse) to pass / to go past¿por dónde pasa el autobús? which way does the bus go?¿a qué hora pasa el tren? what time's the train?6. (cruzar) to cross¿me pasas la sal? can you pass the salt?8. (llevar, mover) to move9. (sufrir) to be / to have10. (aprobar) to pass11. (deslizar)12. (terminar) to be over13. (arreglárselas) to manage / to get by14. (ocurrir) to happen¿qué te ha pasado? what happened to you?¿qué pasa? what's going on? / what's the matter?15. (cambiar) to change / to go16. (exceder) to be overpasar / pasar de algo not to care / not to be bothered -
4 presentar
v.1 to present.Ella presenta soluciones She presents solutions.Ella le presenta a Ricardo un regalo She presents Richard a gift.Ellos presentan a los candidatos They present=field the candidates.2 to make (ofrecer) (disculpas, excusas).3 to introduce (person).me presentó a sus amigos she introduced me to her friendsme parece que no nos han presentado I don't think we've been introducedJuan, te presento a Carmen Juan, this is Carmenpermítame que le presente a nuestra directora allow me to introduce you to our manager, I'd like you to meet our managerElla presenta a los invitados She introduces the guests.4 to have, to show (tener) (aspecto).presenta difícil solución it's going to be difficult to solveElla le presenta al público una obra She shows the public a play.5 to host, to be the host of, to act as a compere for, to compere.Ella presenta el programa She hosts the program.* * *2 (entregar) to hand in3 (sacar al mercado) to launch4 (personas) to introduce■ ¿te han presentado ya? have you been introduced yet?5 TELEVISIÓN to present6 (ofrecer) to offer, show1 (comparecer) to turn up2 (para elección) to stand; (en un concurso) to enter\presentar una denuncia to lodge a complaintpresentar una ponencia to present a paper* * *verb1) to present2) introduce3) submit4) make a gift•* * *1. VT1) (=enseñar, exponer) [gen] to present; [+ moción, candidato] to propose, put forward; [+ pruebas, informe] to submit; [+ documento, pasaporte] to showpresentar una propuesta — to make o present a proposal
presentar algo al cobro o al pago — (Com) to present sth for payment
2) (=entregar) to hand inpresentó la dimisión — he handed in his resignation, he resigned
3) (=mostrar) [+ señal, síntoma] to show4) (=exponer al público) [+ producto, disco, libro] to launch5) [en espectáculo] [+ obra] to perform; [+ actor, actriz] to present, feature6) (=ser presentador de) [+ programa televisivo] to present, hostJ. Pérez presenta el programa — the programme is presented o hosted by J. Pérez
¿quién presenta ahora las noticias de las nueve? — who presents o reads the nine o'clock news now?
7) (=tener) to haveel ferrocarril presenta ventajas evidentes — the train offers o has obvious advantages
8) [+ persona] to introducea ver si te presento a mi amiga Jacinta — you must meet my friend Jacinta, I must introduce you to my friend Jacinta
ser presentada en sociedad — to come out, make one's début
9) (=ofrecer) [+ disculpa] to offer, makele presento mis consideraciones — [en carta] yours faithfully
10) (Mil)presentar batalla — (lit) to draw up in battle array; (fig) to offer resistance
2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) ( mostrar) to presentb) ( exponer por primera vez) <libro/disco> to launch; < obra de arte> to present; < colección de moda> to present, exhibitc) ( entregar) <informe/solicitud> to submitle presenté el pasaporte — I gave him my passport, I presented my passport to him
d) ( enseñar) to showpresentaron una denuncia — they reported the matter (to the police), they made an official complaint
f) (Mil)2) (TV) < programa> to present, introduce3) < persona> to introducete presento a mi hermana — I'd like you to meet my sister, this is my sister
4) <novedad/ventaja> to offer; < síntoma> to show2.presentarse v pron1)a) ( en lugar) to turn up, appearb) (a concurso, examen)se presentó al examen — she took o (BrE) sat the exam
se presenta como candidato independiente — he's running (AmE) o (BrE) he's standing as an independent
2) dificultad/problema to arise, come up, crop up (colloq)si se me presenta la oportunidad — if I get the opportunity, if the opportunity arises
3) ( darse a conocer) to introduce oneself* * *= bring to + the attention, display, draw, exhibit, expose, feature, introduce, open up, pose, present, provide with, set out, subject, throw up, render, put before, produce, table, submit, unveil, showcase, surrender, lay out, roll out, construct, tender, come up with, report, bring forward, deliver.Ex. Many displays are changed from time to time (for example, once a week, or once a month) so that various sections of the stock may be brought to the attention of the library's public over a period of time.Ex. The command function 'DISPLAY' is used to display a list of alphabetically linked terms.Ex. For example, when setting up the format for records in a data base, the user can draw a form on the screen, complete with headings for each field, and then, the data is entered into the form.Ex. These headings, therefore, in addition to exhibiting a bias in favor of the majority, actively hinder access.Ex. The reputation of the information and its authority will be more exposed to examination.Ex. Other catalogues and bibliographies only feature added entries under title where it is deemed that the author main entry heading is not likely to be obvious to the users.Ex. The report introduced a range of ideas which have influenced subsequent code construction.Ex. Here is a key paper by a non librarian which opens up a new and constructive approach to library purpose.Ex. This illustrates the puzzle that differential policies pose for users.Ex. Informative abstract present as much as possible of the quantitative or qualitative information contained in a document.Ex. Many libraries provide users with photocopies of contents pages of selected journals.Ex. A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.Ex. Author abstracts are the abstracts prepared by authors of the document that has been subjected to abstracting.Ex. Demands from clients will often throw up an occurrence of similar problems, revealing perhaps the operation of an injustice, the lack of an amenity in the neighbourhood, or simply bureaucratic inefficiency.Ex. The eventuality is, admittedly, remote but it is also necessary to render the imprint statement in this amount of detail.Ex. The art of documentation is the process by which the documentalist is enabled to put before the creative specialist the existing literature bearing on the subject of his investigation.Ex. The perfect librarian may be defined as one who produces the information a reader requires as soon as the reader asks for it.Ex. This list indicates the dates the reports were tabled and any further action take.Ex. Most publications are probably free distribution material and whilst that does not absolve the publishers from the obligation of legal deposit it is probable that many local authorities do not submit their materials.Ex. Here is an institution which knows, neither rank nor wealth within its walls, which stops the ignorant peer or the ignorant monarch at its threshold, and declines to unveil to him its treasures, or to waste time upon him, and yet welcomes the workman according to his knowledge or thirst for knowledge.Ex. Officially known as SOLEX, this exhibition showcases mainly IT based products for the legal profession.Ex. The book's date label is stamped in the usual way, and the reader must surrender one token for each book he is borrowing.Ex. There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.Ex. I don't need to tell those of you from higher education institutions how course management systems are starting to really proliferate and roll out in higher education.Ex. It is argued that newspaper reporting of bigamy constructs bigamists as being a threat to the institution of marriage.Ex. This address was tendered at the State Library of Victoria, Nov 88, to mark the retirement of Professor Jean Whyte.Ex. Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.Ex. Criticism is not appropriate in a style which aims to report, but not comment upon the content of the original document.Ex. They also intend to bring forward legislation to provide that the maximum amount of compensation should be £500,000.Ex. The result could be termed a full-provision data base -- a data base including both text and reference, and delivering much more than the 2 added together.----* argumento que presenta sólo un punto de vista = one-sided argument.* oportunidad + presentarse = opportunity + knock, opportunity + present + Reflexivo.* presentar Algo desde una nueva óptica = throw + Nombre + in a new light, throw + new light on.* presentar Algo desde un nuevo ángulo = throw + new light on.* presentar argumentos a favor = make + a case for.* presentar argumentos a favor de = present + arguments in favour of.* presentar como = make + Nombre + out to be.* presentar conclusiones = provide + conclusions.* presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.* presentar deficiencias = fall + short.* presentar de manera esquemática = give + overview.* presentar dentro de = package.* presentar Algo desde una nueva perspectiva = shed + new light on, throw + new light on.* presentar detalladamente = spread out.* presentar dificultad = present + difficulty.* presentar en forma de tabla = tabulate.* presentar en pantalla = call up, print + online, bring up, screen.* presentar evidencia a favor de = present + case for.* presentar información = submit + information, package + information.* presentar información de varios modos = repackage + information.* presentar la evolución de Algo = chart + the history.* presentar la oportunidad = allow + the opportunity to.* presentar las pruebas ante = lay + evidence before.* presentar peligro = present + danger.* presentar + Posesivo + respetos = pay + Posesivo + respects.* presentar posibilidades = present + possibilities, open (up) + avenues.* presentar problemas = present + problems.* presentar pruebas = give + evidence.* presentar resultados = report + findings, report + results.* presentar reto = defy.* presentarse = come in, manifest + Reflexivo, turn up, show up, unfold, come forward, come with.* presentarse a = stand for.* presentarse a una elección = stand for + election, run for + election.* presentarse desde una nueva perspectiva = stand in + a new light.* presentar (según) = cast (in/into).* presentarse una ocasión = occasion + arise.* presentar similitudes = share + similarities.* presentar una amenaza = pose + threat.* presentar una comunicación = deliver + paper, give + paper, present + paper.* presentar una contribución = present + contribution.* presentar una demanda = file + suit against, file + lawsuit against.* presentar una demanda judicial = take + legal action, take + legal proceedings.* presentar una denuncia = file + police report.* presentar una factura = submit + bill.* presentar una idea = make + point, put forward + idea, offer + perspective, present + idea.* presentar una imagen = present + picture, paint + a picture, present + an image.* presentar una oportunidad = afford + opportunity.* presentar una petición = submit + petition.* presentar una ponencia = give + paper, read + paper.* presentar una propuesta = submit + proposal.* presentar una queja = register + complaint, lodge + complaint, file + complaint, file + grievance.* presentar una reclamación = enter + complaint, place + claim, file + complaint.* presentar un argumento = advance + argument.* presentar una solicitud = submit + application.* presentar un aspecto = present + a picture.* presentar un aspecto de = wear + a look of.* presentar una visión = present + a picture.* presentar una visión global = give + overview, present + an overview, present + an overall picture, give + an overall picture, overview.* presentar un buen aspecto = look + good.* presentar un dilema = present + dilemma.* presentar un frente común = present + common front.* presentar un informe = give + a report, present + report.* presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.* presentar un peligro = pose + danger.* presentar un problema = pose + problem, air + problem.* presentar un programa = present + programme.* presentar un proyecto = submit + project, present + project.* presentar un resumen = give + summary.* presentar un reto = present + challenge, provide + challenge.* presentar un riesgo = pose + risk.* presentar vestigios de = bear + traces of.* seleccionar y presentar en un documento = package.* volver a presentar = resubmit [re-submit].* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) ( mostrar) to presentb) ( exponer por primera vez) <libro/disco> to launch; < obra de arte> to present; < colección de moda> to present, exhibitc) ( entregar) <informe/solicitud> to submitle presenté el pasaporte — I gave him my passport, I presented my passport to him
d) ( enseñar) to showpresentaron una denuncia — they reported the matter (to the police), they made an official complaint
f) (Mil)2) (TV) < programa> to present, introduce3) < persona> to introducete presento a mi hermana — I'd like you to meet my sister, this is my sister
4) <novedad/ventaja> to offer; < síntoma> to show2.presentarse v pron1)a) ( en lugar) to turn up, appearb) (a concurso, examen)se presentó al examen — she took o (BrE) sat the exam
se presenta como candidato independiente — he's running (AmE) o (BrE) he's standing as an independent
2) dificultad/problema to arise, come up, crop up (colloq)si se me presenta la oportunidad — if I get the opportunity, if the opportunity arises
3) ( darse a conocer) to introduce oneself* * *presentar (según)(v.) = cast (in/into)Ex: Which of the following subject analyses is cast in the citation order PMEST?.
= bring to + the attention, display, draw, exhibit, expose, feature, introduce, open up, pose, present, provide with, set out, subject, throw up, render, put before, produce, table, submit, unveil, showcase, surrender, lay out, roll out, construct, tender, come up with, report, bring forward, deliver.Ex: Many displays are changed from time to time (for example, once a week, or once a month) so that various sections of the stock may be brought to the attention of the library's public over a period of time.
Ex: The command function 'DISPLAY' is used to display a list of alphabetically linked terms.Ex: For example, when setting up the format for records in a data base, the user can draw a form on the screen, complete with headings for each field, and then, the data is entered into the form.Ex: These headings, therefore, in addition to exhibiting a bias in favor of the majority, actively hinder access.Ex: The reputation of the information and its authority will be more exposed to examination.Ex: Other catalogues and bibliographies only feature added entries under title where it is deemed that the author main entry heading is not likely to be obvious to the users.Ex: The report introduced a range of ideas which have influenced subsequent code construction.Ex: Here is a key paper by a non librarian which opens up a new and constructive approach to library purpose.Ex: This illustrates the puzzle that differential policies pose for users.Ex: Informative abstract present as much as possible of the quantitative or qualitative information contained in a document.Ex: Many libraries provide users with photocopies of contents pages of selected journals.Ex: A short score is a sketch made by a composer for an ensemble work, with the main features of the composition set out on a few staves.Ex: Author abstracts are the abstracts prepared by authors of the document that has been subjected to abstracting.Ex: Demands from clients will often throw up an occurrence of similar problems, revealing perhaps the operation of an injustice, the lack of an amenity in the neighbourhood, or simply bureaucratic inefficiency.Ex: The eventuality is, admittedly, remote but it is also necessary to render the imprint statement in this amount of detail.Ex: The art of documentation is the process by which the documentalist is enabled to put before the creative specialist the existing literature bearing on the subject of his investigation.Ex: The perfect librarian may be defined as one who produces the information a reader requires as soon as the reader asks for it.Ex: This list indicates the dates the reports were tabled and any further action take.Ex: Most publications are probably free distribution material and whilst that does not absolve the publishers from the obligation of legal deposit it is probable that many local authorities do not submit their materials.Ex: Here is an institution which knows, neither rank nor wealth within its walls, which stops the ignorant peer or the ignorant monarch at its threshold, and declines to unveil to him its treasures, or to waste time upon him, and yet welcomes the workman according to his knowledge or thirst for knowledge.Ex: Officially known as SOLEX, this exhibition showcases mainly IT based products for the legal profession.Ex: The book's date label is stamped in the usual way, and the reader must surrender one token for each book he is borrowing.Ex: There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.Ex: I don't need to tell those of you from higher education institutions how course management systems are starting to really proliferate and roll out in higher education.Ex: It is argued that newspaper reporting of bigamy constructs bigamists as being a threat to the institution of marriage.Ex: This address was tendered at the State Library of Victoria, Nov 88, to mark the retirement of Professor Jean Whyte.Ex: Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.Ex: Criticism is not appropriate in a style which aims to report, but not comment upon the content of the original document.Ex: They also intend to bring forward legislation to provide that the maximum amount of compensation should be £500,000.Ex: The result could be termed a full-provision data base -- a data base including both text and reference, and delivering much more than the 2 added together.* argumento que presenta sólo un punto de vista = one-sided argument.* oportunidad + presentarse = opportunity + knock, opportunity + present + Reflexivo.* presentar Algo desde una nueva óptica = throw + Nombre + in a new light, throw + new light on.* presentar Algo desde un nuevo ángulo = throw + new light on.* presentar argumentos a favor = make + a case for.* presentar argumentos a favor de = present + arguments in favour of.* presentar como = make + Nombre + out to be.* presentar conclusiones = provide + conclusions.* presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.* presentar deficiencias = fall + short.* presentar de manera esquemática = give + overview.* presentar dentro de = package.* presentar Algo desde una nueva perspectiva = shed + new light on, throw + new light on.* presentar detalladamente = spread out.* presentar dificultad = present + difficulty.* presentar en forma de tabla = tabulate.* presentar en pantalla = call up, print + online, bring up, screen.* presentar evidencia a favor de = present + case for.* presentar información = submit + information, package + information.* presentar información de varios modos = repackage + information.* presentar la evolución de Algo = chart + the history.* presentar la oportunidad = allow + the opportunity to.* presentar las pruebas ante = lay + evidence before.* presentar peligro = present + danger.* presentar + Posesivo + respetos = pay + Posesivo + respects.* presentar posibilidades = present + possibilities, open (up) + avenues.* presentar problemas = present + problems.* presentar pruebas = give + evidence.* presentar resultados = report + findings, report + results.* presentar reto = defy.* presentarse = come in, manifest + Reflexivo, turn up, show up, unfold, come forward, come with.* presentarse a = stand for.* presentarse a una elección = stand for + election, run for + election.* presentarse desde una nueva perspectiva = stand in + a new light.* presentar (según) = cast (in/into).* presentarse una ocasión = occasion + arise.* presentar similitudes = share + similarities.* presentar una amenaza = pose + threat.* presentar una comunicación = deliver + paper, give + paper, present + paper.* presentar una contribución = present + contribution.* presentar una demanda = file + suit against, file + lawsuit against.* presentar una demanda judicial = take + legal action, take + legal proceedings.* presentar una denuncia = file + police report.* presentar una factura = submit + bill.* presentar una idea = make + point, put forward + idea, offer + perspective, present + idea.* presentar una imagen = present + picture, paint + a picture, present + an image.* presentar una oportunidad = afford + opportunity.* presentar una petición = submit + petition.* presentar una ponencia = give + paper, read + paper.* presentar una propuesta = submit + proposal.* presentar una queja = register + complaint, lodge + complaint, file + complaint, file + grievance.* presentar una reclamación = enter + complaint, place + claim, file + complaint.* presentar un argumento = advance + argument.* presentar una solicitud = submit + application.* presentar un aspecto = present + a picture.* presentar un aspecto de = wear + a look of.* presentar una visión = present + a picture.* presentar una visión global = give + overview, present + an overview, present + an overall picture, give + an overall picture, overview.* presentar un buen aspecto = look + good.* presentar un dilema = present + dilemma.* presentar un frente común = present + common front.* presentar un informe = give + a report, present + report.* presentar un obstáculo = pose + obstacle.* presentar un peligro = pose + danger.* presentar un problema = pose + problem, air + problem.* presentar un programa = present + programme.* presentar un proyecto = submit + project, present + project.* presentar un resumen = give + summary.* presentar un reto = present + challenge, provide + challenge.* presentar un riesgo = pose + risk.* presentar vestigios de = bear + traces of.* seleccionar y presentar en un documento = package.* volver a presentar = resubmit [re-submit].* * *presentar [A1 ]vtA1 (mostrar) to presentun producto bien presentado a well-presented product2 (exponer por primera vez) ‹libro/disco› to launchpresentó sus nuevos cuadros she presented her new paintingspresentará su colección de otoño en Londres he will present o exhibit his autumn collection in Londonel nuevo XS34 se presentará al público en el salón de Turín the new XS34 will be on display (to the public) for the first time at the Turin show3 (entregar) ‹informe/solicitud› to submitle presenté el pasaporte para que me lo sellara I gave him my passport for stamping, I presented my passport to him for stampingtengo que presentar los planes mañana I have to submit o present the plans tomorrow4 (enseñar) to showhay que presentar el carné para entrar you have to show your membership card to get in5 ‹disculpas/excusas› to makefui a presentar mis respetos I went to pay my respectspresentó su dimisión she handed in o submitted her resignation, she resignedpienso presentar una queja I intend filing o making a complaintpresentaron una denuncia they reported the matter (to the police), they made an official complaintpresentar pruebas to present evidencepresentar cargos to bring chargespresentar una demanda to bring a lawsuit6 ( Mil):presentar armas to present armsB (TV) ‹programa› to present, introduceC [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ‹persona› to introduceel director presentó al conferenciante the director introduced the speakerme presentó a su familia he introduced me to his familyte presento a mi hermana I'd like you to meet my sister/this is my sisterD(mostrar, ofrecer): el nuevo modelo presenta algunas novedades the latest model has o offers some new featurespresenta muchas ventajas para el consumidor it offers the consumer many advantagesel paciente no presentaba síntomas de intoxicación the patient showed no signs of food poisoningel cadáver presenta un impacto de bala en el costado ( frml); there is a bullet wound in the side of the body, the body has a bullet wound in the sideA1 (en un lugar) to turn up, appearse presentó en casa sin avisar he turned up o showed up o appeared at the house unexpectedlyse presentó (como) voluntario he volunteeredse presentó voluntariamente a la policía he turned himself in to the policetendrá que presentarse ante el juez he will have to appear before the judge2me presenté al concurso I entered the competitionse presenta como candidato independiente he's an independent candidate, he's running as an independent ( AmE), he's standing as an independent ( BrE)se presentó para el cargo de director he applied for the post of directorB «dificultad/problema» to arise, come up, crop up ( colloq)estaré allí salvo que se presente algún impedimento I'll be there unless something crops up o comes upsi se me presenta la oportunidad if I get the opportunity, if the opportunity arisesel futuro se presenta prometedor the future looks promisingel asunto se presenta muy mal things are looking very badC (darse a conocer) to introduce oneselfpermítame que me presente allow me to introduce myselfpresentarse en sociedad to make one's debut (in society)* * *
presentar ( conjugate presentar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ obra de arte› to present;
‹ colección de moda› to present, exhibit
‹ trabajo› to hand in;
‹ renuncia› to hand in, submit
‹ queja› to file, make;
‹ cargos› to bring;◊ presentaron una denuncia they reported the matter (to the police), they made an official complaint;
presentar pruebas to present evidencef) (Mil):
2 (TV) ‹ programa› to present, introduce
3 ‹ persona› to introduce;
4 ‹novedad/ventaja› to offer;
‹ síntoma› to show
presentarse verbo pronominal
1
‹ a concurso› to enter sth;
‹ a elecciones› to take part in sth;◊ se presenta como candidato independiente he's running (AmE) o (BrE) he's standing as an independent;
presentarse para un cargo to apply for a post
2 [dificultad/problema] to arise, come up;
[ oportunidad] to arise
3 ( darse a conocer) to introduce oneself
presentar verbo transitivo
1 (un programa, pruebas, etc) to present
2 (un producto) to launch
3 (a una persona) to introduce
4 (síntomas, características, etc) to have, show
5 (disculpas) to give, present
(condolencias) to give, pay
6 (la dimisión) to hand in
7 (una queja) to file, make
' presentar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alegar
- compeler
- convenir
- dimisión
- esquema
- revestir
- dar
- demanda
- denuncia
- introducir
- licitar
- moción
- queja
- querella
- renuncia
English:
bring forward
- charge
- claim
- field
- file
- hand in
- host
- introduce
- lay
- lodge
- make out
- model
- pay
- present
- press
- produce
- put in
- put on
- put up
- register
- render
- replay
- report
- represent
- rerun
- respect
- serve up
- set out
- show
- slant
- star
- submit
- table
- this
- bring
- come
- display
- enter
- exhibit
- float
- hand
- notice
- propose
- put
- retake
- sponsor
- tender
* * *♦ vt1. [mostrar, entregar] to present;[dimisión] to tender, to hand in; [tesis] to hand in, to submit; [pruebas, propuesta] to submit; [recurso, denuncia] to lodge; [solicitud] to make; [moción] to propose;presente su pasaporte en la ventanilla show your passport at the window;presentar cargos/una demanda contra alguien to bring charges/an action against sb;¡presenten armas! [en ejército] present arms!;es un trabajo muy bien presentado it is a very well presented piece of work2. [dar a conocer] to introduce;me presentó a sus amigos she introduced me to her friends;Juan, te presento a Carmen Juan, this is Carmen;me parece que no nos han presentado I don't think we've been introduced;permítame que le presente a nuestra directora allow me to introduce you to our manager, I'd like you to meet our manager;no se conocían, pero yo los presenté they didn't know each other, but I introduced them (to each other)3. [anunciar] [programa de radio o televisión] to present;[espectáculo] to compere;la mujer que presenta el telediario the woman who reads the news on TV4. [proponer para competición] [obra] to enter;presentar una novela a un premio literario to enter a novel for a literary prize;presentar una película a concurso to enter a film at a film festival;presentar a alguien para algo to propose sb for sth, to put sb forward for sth;el partido presentará a la señora Cruz para la alcaldía the party is putting Mrs Cruz forward for the office of mayor, Mrs Cruz will be the party's candidate for the office of mayor5. [exhibir por primera vez] [planes, presupuestos] to present;[película] to premiere; [libro, disco] to launch;el club presentó a su último fichaje ante la prensa the club introduced its new signing to the press6. [ofrecer] [disculpas, excusas] to make;[respetos] to pay;nos presentó (sus) disculpas he made his excuses to us7. [tener] [aspecto, características, novedades] to have;este fondo de inversión presenta grandes ventajas this investment fund offers o has big advantages;la playa presenta un aspecto deplorable the beach is in a terrible state;presenta difícil solución it's going to be difficult to solve;el paciente presentaba síntomas de deshidratación the patient presented symptoms of dehydration* * *v/t1 TV present2 a alguien introduce3 producto launch4 solicitud submit* * *presentar vt1) : to present, to show2) : to offer, to give3) : to submit (a document), to launch (a product)4) : to introduce (a person)* * *presentar vb1. (personas) to introducete presento a Iván this is Iván / meet Iván2. (programa, idea, propuesta) to present3. (un producto) to launch -
5 ver
v.1 to perceive.Veo a tu hermana muy cansado I see your sister very tired.2 to have eyesight.Mis ojos ven bien My eyes see fine.3 to understand.4 to be witness of, to witness.5 to see, to look at, sight, to view.¿ves algo? can you see anything?he estado viendo tu trabajo I've been looking at your workya veo que estás de mal humor I can see you're in a bad mood¿ves lo que quiero decir? do you see what I mean?ir a ver lo que pasa to go and see what's going ones una manera de ver las cosas that's one way of looking at ityo no lo veo tan mal I don't think it's that badEllos ven los cuadros They see the pictures.Ellas ven los cuadros They see the pictures.María ve la gravedad del asunto Mary sees the seriousness of the situation.Mis ojos ven bien My eyes see fine.Veo a tu hermano muy cansado I see your brother very tired.* * *Present IndicativePast IndicativeImperfect SubjunctiveFuture SubjunctiveImperativeve (tú), vea (él/Vd.), veamos (nos.), ved (vos.), vean (ellos/Vds.).Past Participlevisto,-a.* * *verb1) to see2) understand3) examine4) visit5) witness* * *Para las expresiones ver visiones, no ver tres en un burro, ver el sustantivo.1. VERBO TRANSITIVO1) (=percibir)a) [+ persona, objeto] to seeme acuerdo como si lo estuviera viendo — I remember it as if I were seeing it now, I remember it as if it were yesterday
—
¡hubieran visto qué casa! — (Méx) you should have seen the house!
•
dejarse ver, este año Pedro no se ha dejado ver por aquí — we haven't seen much of Pedro this yearsi te he visto no me acuerdo —
le pedí que me ayudara, pero si te he visto no me acuerdo — I asked him to help me but he (just) didn't want to know
ver algn/algo venir —
-¿que ha dimitido? -eso ya lo veía venir — "he's resigned?" - "well, you could see it coming"
ya te veo venir, ¿a que quieres que te preste el coche? — I know what you're after, you want to borrow the car, don't you?
b) [+ gerund]c) [+ infin]d) [+ adj]2) (=mirar) [+ televisión, programa, partido] to watchanoche vi una película en la tele — I saw o watched a film on TV last night
•
es (digno) de ver — it's worth seeingno poder (ni) ver a algn —
3) (en saludos)¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! — I haven't seen you for ages!
¡hasta más ver! — see you again!
4) (=visitar) to seetendré que ir a ver al abogado — I shall have to go to o and see my solicitor
5) (=imaginar) to see, imaginelo estoy viendo de almirante — I can just see o imagine him as an admiral
6) (=vivir) to live throughy usted que lo vea, y tú que lo veas —
-¡a celebrarlo con salud el año próximo! - ¡y usted que lo vea! — "many happy returns!" - "thank you!"
7) (=examinar) to look at8) (=comprobar) to see•
¡verás como al final te caerás! — you'll fall, you just wait and see!ya verás como al final tengo que hacerlo yo — I'll end up doing it myself, you'll see
•
habrá que ver, habrá que ver lo que les habrá contado — we'll have to see what he's told them•
voy a ver si está en su despacho — I'll see if he's in his office9) (=notar) to see-¿ves que no son iguales? -pues, no lo veo — "can't you see they're not the same?" - "no, I can't"
-gana más de cien mil al mes -¡ya ves! — "she earns more than 100,000 a month" - "well, there you go!"
•
dejarse ver, los efectos de la crisis se dejaron ver meses después — the effects of the crisis were felt months later•
echar de ver algo — to notice sth•
por lo que veo — from what I can see10) (=entender) to see¿no ves que...? — don't o can't you see that...?
•
hacer ver algo a algn — to point sth out to sb11) (=encontrar) to see12) (Jur) [+ pleito] to hear, try13) tener que ver-es demasiado pequeño -¿y eso qué tiene que ver? — "it's too small" - "what's that got to do with it?"
esto tiene que ver con lo que estudiamos ayer — this has to do with what we were looking at yesterday
14) a vera ver niños, ¿cuál es la capital de Francia? — now, children, what is the capital of France?
-mira, tú sales en la foto -¿a ver? — "look, you're in the photo" - "let's have a look" o"let's see"
a ver ese niño, que no se quede solo — don't leave that child on his own
a ver qué dicen las noticias sobre el robo — let's see if there's anything about the robbery on the news
-estás estudiando mucho -¡a ver, no queda más remedio! — "you're doing a lot of studying" - "well, I haven't got much choice!"
¡a ver, cállate ya! — shut up, will you!
¿a ver? — (And) (Telec) hello?
•
a ver si..., a ver si acabas pronto — see if you can finish this off quickly¡a ver si te crees que no lo sé! — surely you don't think I don't know about it!
2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO1) (=percibir) to see•
eso está por ver — that remains to be seenque no veo * —
que no veas * —
ver y callar —
no digas nada, tú solo ver y callar — you'd better keep your mouth shut about this
2) (=comprobar) to seesegún voy viendo... — as I am beginning to see...
-¿quién ha venido? -no sé, voy a ver — "who is it?" -"I don't know, I'll go and see"
- al final siempre me toca hacerlo a mi -ya veo — "in the end it's always me that has to do it" - "so I see"
3) (=entender) to see¿ves?, así es mucho más fácil — you see? it's much easier like this
a mi modo de ver — as I see it, the way I see it
¿viste? — ( Cono Sur) right?, are you with me?
4)• ver de hacer algo — to see about doing sth, try to do sth
tenemos que ver de solucionar este problema — we must try to o and find a solution to this problem
veremos de salir temprano — we'll see if we can leave early, we'll try to o and leave early
•
¡hay que ver!, ¡hay que ver lo que te pareces a tu madre! — gosh! how like your mother you are o look!¡hay que ver lo que ha cambiado la ciudad! — it's incredible o you wouldn't believe how much the town has changed!
•
¡ para que veas!, ha aprobado todas las asignaturas, ¡para que veas! — she passed all her exams, how about that!no solo no perdí, sino que arrasé, ¡para que veas! — not only did I not lose, but I won by a mile, so there!
—
—
eso está o queda en veremos — it's not certain yet
•
vamos a ver — let's see..., let me see...-¿esto tiene arreglo? -no sé, vamos a ver — "can this be repaired?" - "I don't know, let's see o let me see"
¿por qué no me llamaste, vamos a ver? — why didn't you call me, I'd like to know?
•
ya veremos — we'll see-¿podré ir a la fiesta? -ya veremos — "can I go to the party?" - "we'll see"
3.See:* * *I1) ( aspecto)de buen ver — good-looking, attractive
2) ( opinión)II 1.a mi/su ver — in my/his view
verbo transitivo1)a) ( percibir con la vista) to see¿ves algo? — can you see anything?
es como si lo estuviera viendo — it's as if I were seeing him/it now
ver algo/a alguien + inf — to see something/somebody + inf
si te he visto no me acuerdo — (fam) he/she doesn't/didn't want to know
ver venir algo — to see something coming
b) ( mirar) <programa/partido> to watchno poder (ni) ver a alguien: no puede ni verla or no la puede ver — he can't stand her
c) ( imaginar) to see, picture2) (entender, notar) to see¿no ves lo que está pasando? — don't o can't you see what's happening?
se la ve feliz/preocupada — she looks happy/worried
hacerse ver — (RPl) to show off
echar de ver — (Esp) to realize
3)a) (constatar, comprobar) to seeno me olvidé para que veas! — I didn't forget, see?
le gané para que veas! — I beat him, so there!
b) ( ser testigo de) to seees tan bonita, si vieras... — she's so pretty, you should see her
vieras or hubieras visto cómo se asustaron...! — (AmL) you should have seen the fright they got!
ya ves, aquí me tienes — well, here I am
hay que ver lo que ha crecido! — wow o gosh! hasn't he grown!
que no veas — (Esp fam)
que no veo — (AmL fam)
tengo un hambre que no veo — (fam) I'm absolutely starving (colloq)
tengo un sueño que no veo — I'm so tired I can hardly keep my eyes open
4)a ver: (vamos) a ver ¿de qué se trata? OK o all right, now, what's the problem?; aquí está en el periódico - ¿a ver? it's here in the newspaper - let's see; ¿a ver qué tienes ahí? let me see what you've got there; apriétalo a ver qué pasa press it and let's see what happens; a ver si me entienden ( justificando) don't get me wrong; ( explicando) let me make myself clear; a ver si estudias más I'd think about studying harder; a ver si escribes pronto make sure you write soon; cállate, a ver si alguien te oye! shut up, somebody might hear you; a ver cuándo vienes a visitarnos — come and see us soon
5)a) ( estudiar)¿la ha visto un médico? — has she been seen by a doctor yet?
se hizo ver por un especialista — (AmS) she saw a specialist
c) (Der) < causa> to try, hear6)a) (juzgar, considerar)a mi modo or manera de ver — the way I see it
b) ( encontrar) to see7) (visitar, entrevistarse con) <amigo/pariente> to see, visit; <médico/jefe> to seecuánto tiempo sin verte! — I haven't seen you for ages!, long time, no see (colloq)
8)2.tener... que ver: ¿y eso qué tiene que ver? and what does that have to do with it?; no tengo nada que ver con él I have nothing to do with him; ¿tuviste algo que ver en esto? did you have anything to do with this?; ¿qué tiene que ver que sea sábado? what difference does it make that it's Saturday?; ¿tendrán algo que ver con los Zamora? — are they related in any way to the Zamoras?
ver vi1) ( percibir con la vista) to seeenciende la luz que no veo — turn on the light, I can't see
no veo bien de lejos/de cerca — I'm shortsighted/longsighted
2) ( constatar)¿hay cerveza? - no sé, voy a ver — is there any beer? - I don't know, I'll have a look
¿está Juan? - voy a ver — is Juan in? - I'll go and see
verás, no quería decírtelo, pero... — look, I didn't want to tell you, but...
pues verás, todo empezó cuando... — well you see, the whole thing began when...
3) ( pensar) to see¿vas a decir que sí? - ya veré — are you going to accept? - I'll see
estar/seguir en veremos — (AmL fam)
3.seguimos en veremos — we still don't know anything
verse v pron1) (refl)a) ( percibirse) to see oneselfb) ( imaginarse) to see oneself2)a) ( hallarse) (+ compl) to find oneselfvérselas venir — (fam)
me las veía venir — I could see it coming
b) (frml) ( ser)este problema se ha visto agravado por... — this problem has been made worse by...
3) ( dejar ver) (+ me/te/le etc)4) (esp AmL) ( parecer)5) (recípr) ( encontrarse) to meet; ( visitarse) to see each othernos vemos a las siete — I'll meet o see you at seven
nos vemos! — (esp AmL) see you!
vérselas con alguien: tendrá que vérselas conmigo — he'll have me to deal with
* * *= descry, discern, see, spot, view, view, witness, check out, make out, look down over, look down on/upon, catch + sight of.Ex. He looked up and descried a gym class, all wet and draggled, scurrying back across the sodden football field.Ex. Such variations also make it difficult for a cataloguer inserting a new heading for local use to discern the principles which should be heeded in the construction of such a heading.Ex. Where the conference cannot be seen to have a name, then the work will normally be treated as a collection.Ex. When all necessary amendments have been spotted, edit the draft abstract and make any improvements to the style that are possible.Ex. Thus it is possible in an author sequence to view easily the works of one author.Ex. Many librarians viewed AACR1 as such a significant improvement upon its predecessors, that they were content.Ex. We sometimes only have to speak a word to witness a reaction in other people that should logically follow only if the object itself were present.Ex. Where problems do arise it is sensible to check out the training programme before blaming the assistant for poor performance of duties.Ex. She could just make out that he was standing against the wall near the door, ready to jump anyone who came out the door.Ex. There was one ram that was content to stay up in the cliffs and look down over his domain.Ex. The characters stand inside a mysterious domed structure looking down on the Earth watching the 19th century take shape.Ex. 'Good grief!', he cried, catching sight of the clock.----* acercarse sin ser visto = sidle up to.* alcanzar a ver = glimpse.* algo digno de ver = a sight to behold.* al ver = at the sight of.* a mi modo de ver = in my books.* de buen ver = good looking.* dejar de ver = become + blind to.* dejarse ver = have + visibility.* dichosos los ojos que te ven = a sight for sore eyes.* donde fueres haz lo que vieres = when in Rome (do as the Romans do).* el ver televisión = television viewing.* estar mal visto = frown on/upon.* estar por ver = be an open question.* forma de ver las cosas = way of putting things together, bent of mind.* hacerse ver = gain + exposure.* hacer ver = alert to, bring to + Posesivo + attention, bring to + the attention, call + attention to, awaken, bring + home, open + Posesivo + eyes to, bring + attention to, bring to + Posesivo + notice, get across.* hacer ver claramente = hammer + home + message, show + clearly.* ir a ver = drop in on, check out.* ir a ver a Alguien = say + hi.* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.* los árboles no dejan ver el bosque = cannot see the forest for the trees.* manera de ver las cosas = line of thought.* no aguantar ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.* no poder ver a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* no poder ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.* no querer tener nada que ver Algo = would not touch + Nombre + with a barge pole.* no querer tener nada que ver con = want + nothing to do with.* no tener nada que ver con = be irrelevant to.* no ver = be blind to.* no ver con buenos ojos = not take + kindly to.* no verse afectado = be none the worse for wear, be none the worse for (that).* no verse comprometido por = be uncompromised by.* no verse en peligro = be uncompromised by.* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = ignorance is bliss.* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = out of sight out of mind.* quedar por ver = be an open question, remain + to be seen.* referencia "véase" = see reference.* referencia "véase además" = see also reference.* salir sin ser visto = slip out, steal away.* según lo ve + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.* ser algo por ver = be an open question.* sin ser visto = undetected, unobserved.* tener algo que ver con = have + something to do with.* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.* tener que ver con = be concerned with, concern, relate to, hold + a stake in, have + a stake in, be a question of.* una cosa no + tener + nada que ver con la otra = one thing + have + nothing to do with the other.* una vista digna de ver = a sight to behold.* un espectáculo digno de ver = a sight to behold.* véase = see under, SU, refer-to, qv (quod vide -latín).* véase además = see also.* véase como ejemplo = witness.* véase desde = see from, refer-from.* véase + Nombre + para más información = refer to + Nombre + for details.* Veo, Veo = I Spy.* ver Algo a través de los ojos de Alguien = look at + Nombre + through + Posesivo + eyes.* ver Algo con humor = a funny eye for.* ver Algo desde el punto de vista + Adjetivo = view + Nombre + through + Adjetivo + eyes.* ver Algo desde una nueva perspectiva = view + Nombre + in a new light, see + Nombre + in a new light.* ver Algo desde una perspectiva + Adjetivo = see + Nombre + in a + Adjetivo + light.* ver Algo venir = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* ver a través de = see through, see through.* ver bien = welcome.* ver con los mismos ojos = see + eye to eye (with/on).* ver con los prismáticos = glass.* ver con recelo = have + reservations (about).* ver con un ojo crítico = view with + a critical eye.* ver de antemano = preview.* ver desde una nueva perspectiva = shed + new light on.* ver desventajas = see + drawbacks.* ver de un vistazo = see + at a glance.* ver doble = see + double.* ver el motivo de Algo = glean + the reason for.* ver el mundo desde una perspectiva diferente = see + the world in a different light.* ver el porqué = see + the point.* ver el propósito = see + the point.* ver el sentido = see + the point.* ver en pantalla = scroll.* ver faltas en = see + faults in.* ver grabación en vídeo = video playback.* ver inconvenientes = see + drawbacks.* ver la finalidad = see + the point.* ver la luz = see + the light.* ver la luz al final del túnel = see + the light at the end of the tunnel.* ver la luz del día = see + the light of day.* ver la muerte de cerca = have + brushes with death.* ver la oportunidad = see + a chance.* ver la posibilidad = see + the possibility.* ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.* ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.* ver las cosas desde una perspectiva = see + things from + perspective.* ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.* ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.* ver las cosas en su conjunto = see + things as a whole.* ver las cosas en su totalidad = see + things as a whole.* ver las cosas positivas = look on + the bright side.* ver las cosas positivas de la vida = look on + the bright side of life.* ver las estrellas = see + stars.* ver la tele = watch + the telly.* ver la utilidad = see + the point.* verle las orejas al lobo = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* ver lo que Alguien realmente piensa = see into + Posesivo + heart.* ver lo que + avecinarse = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* ver lo que pasa = take it from there/here.* ver mundo = see + life, see + the world.* ver + Nombre + con nuevos ojos = view + Nombre + through fresh eyes.* ver + Nombre + desde la perspectiva de + Nombre = see + Nombre + through + Nombre + eyes.* verse en la necesidad = be constrained to.* verse en la necesidad de = be left with the need to.* verse en la necesidad urgente de = be hard pressed.* verse en la situación = find + Reflexivo + in the position.* verse en medio de = caught in the middle.* verse envuelto en = become + involved in, get + involved with/in.* verse frustrado = become + frustrated.* vérselas canutas = have + a devil of a time.* vérselas con = contend with.* vérselas negras = jump through + hoops, have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre, have + a devil of a time.* vérsele a Alguien el plumero = give + Reflexivo + away.* verse muy afectado por = have + a high stake in.* verse negro = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.* verse obligado a no + Infinitivo = be enjoined from + Gerundio.* verse superado sólo por = be second only to.* verse venir = be on the cards.* ver televisión = watch + television.* ver un fantasma = see + a ghost.* ver ventajas = see + advantages.* vistas desde fuera = outwardly.* visto desde la perspectiva de + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.* * *I1) ( aspecto)de buen ver — good-looking, attractive
2) ( opinión)II 1.a mi/su ver — in my/his view
verbo transitivo1)a) ( percibir con la vista) to see¿ves algo? — can you see anything?
es como si lo estuviera viendo — it's as if I were seeing him/it now
ver algo/a alguien + inf — to see something/somebody + inf
si te he visto no me acuerdo — (fam) he/she doesn't/didn't want to know
ver venir algo — to see something coming
b) ( mirar) <programa/partido> to watchno poder (ni) ver a alguien: no puede ni verla or no la puede ver — he can't stand her
c) ( imaginar) to see, picture2) (entender, notar) to see¿no ves lo que está pasando? — don't o can't you see what's happening?
se la ve feliz/preocupada — she looks happy/worried
hacerse ver — (RPl) to show off
echar de ver — (Esp) to realize
3)a) (constatar, comprobar) to seeno me olvidé para que veas! — I didn't forget, see?
le gané para que veas! — I beat him, so there!
b) ( ser testigo de) to seees tan bonita, si vieras... — she's so pretty, you should see her
vieras or hubieras visto cómo se asustaron...! — (AmL) you should have seen the fright they got!
ya ves, aquí me tienes — well, here I am
hay que ver lo que ha crecido! — wow o gosh! hasn't he grown!
que no veas — (Esp fam)
que no veo — (AmL fam)
tengo un hambre que no veo — (fam) I'm absolutely starving (colloq)
tengo un sueño que no veo — I'm so tired I can hardly keep my eyes open
4)a ver: (vamos) a ver ¿de qué se trata? OK o all right, now, what's the problem?; aquí está en el periódico - ¿a ver? it's here in the newspaper - let's see; ¿a ver qué tienes ahí? let me see what you've got there; apriétalo a ver qué pasa press it and let's see what happens; a ver si me entienden ( justificando) don't get me wrong; ( explicando) let me make myself clear; a ver si estudias más I'd think about studying harder; a ver si escribes pronto make sure you write soon; cállate, a ver si alguien te oye! shut up, somebody might hear you; a ver cuándo vienes a visitarnos — come and see us soon
5)a) ( estudiar)¿la ha visto un médico? — has she been seen by a doctor yet?
se hizo ver por un especialista — (AmS) she saw a specialist
c) (Der) < causa> to try, hear6)a) (juzgar, considerar)a mi modo or manera de ver — the way I see it
b) ( encontrar) to see7) (visitar, entrevistarse con) <amigo/pariente> to see, visit; <médico/jefe> to seecuánto tiempo sin verte! — I haven't seen you for ages!, long time, no see (colloq)
8)2.tener... que ver: ¿y eso qué tiene que ver? and what does that have to do with it?; no tengo nada que ver con él I have nothing to do with him; ¿tuviste algo que ver en esto? did you have anything to do with this?; ¿qué tiene que ver que sea sábado? what difference does it make that it's Saturday?; ¿tendrán algo que ver con los Zamora? — are they related in any way to the Zamoras?
ver vi1) ( percibir con la vista) to seeenciende la luz que no veo — turn on the light, I can't see
no veo bien de lejos/de cerca — I'm shortsighted/longsighted
2) ( constatar)¿hay cerveza? - no sé, voy a ver — is there any beer? - I don't know, I'll have a look
¿está Juan? - voy a ver — is Juan in? - I'll go and see
verás, no quería decírtelo, pero... — look, I didn't want to tell you, but...
pues verás, todo empezó cuando... — well you see, the whole thing began when...
3) ( pensar) to see¿vas a decir que sí? - ya veré — are you going to accept? - I'll see
estar/seguir en veremos — (AmL fam)
3.seguimos en veremos — we still don't know anything
verse v pron1) (refl)a) ( percibirse) to see oneselfb) ( imaginarse) to see oneself2)a) ( hallarse) (+ compl) to find oneselfvérselas venir — (fam)
me las veía venir — I could see it coming
b) (frml) ( ser)este problema se ha visto agravado por... — this problem has been made worse by...
3) ( dejar ver) (+ me/te/le etc)4) (esp AmL) ( parecer)5) (recípr) ( encontrarse) to meet; ( visitarse) to see each othernos vemos a las siete — I'll meet o see you at seven
nos vemos! — (esp AmL) see you!
vérselas con alguien: tendrá que vérselas conmigo — he'll have me to deal with
* * *= descry, discern, see, spot, view, view, witness, check out, make out, look down over, look down on/upon, catch + sight of.Ex: He looked up and descried a gym class, all wet and draggled, scurrying back across the sodden football field.
Ex: Such variations also make it difficult for a cataloguer inserting a new heading for local use to discern the principles which should be heeded in the construction of such a heading.Ex: Where the conference cannot be seen to have a name, then the work will normally be treated as a collection.Ex: When all necessary amendments have been spotted, edit the draft abstract and make any improvements to the style that are possible.Ex: Thus it is possible in an author sequence to view easily the works of one author.Ex: Many librarians viewed AACR1 as such a significant improvement upon its predecessors, that they were content.Ex: We sometimes only have to speak a word to witness a reaction in other people that should logically follow only if the object itself were present.Ex: Where problems do arise it is sensible to check out the training programme before blaming the assistant for poor performance of duties.Ex: She could just make out that he was standing against the wall near the door, ready to jump anyone who came out the door.Ex: There was one ram that was content to stay up in the cliffs and look down over his domain.Ex: The characters stand inside a mysterious domed structure looking down on the Earth watching the 19th century take shape.Ex: 'Good grief!', he cried, catching sight of the clock.* acercarse sin ser visto = sidle up to.* alcanzar a ver = glimpse.* algo digno de ver = a sight to behold.* al ver = at the sight of.* a mi modo de ver = in my books.* de buen ver = good looking.* dejar de ver = become + blind to.* dejarse ver = have + visibility.* dichosos los ojos que te ven = a sight for sore eyes.* donde fueres haz lo que vieres = when in Rome (do as the Romans do).* el ver televisión = television viewing.* estar mal visto = frown on/upon.* estar por ver = be an open question.* forma de ver las cosas = way of putting things together, bent of mind.* hacerse ver = gain + exposure.* hacer ver = alert to, bring to + Posesivo + attention, bring to + the attention, call + attention to, awaken, bring + home, open + Posesivo + eyes to, bring + attention to, bring to + Posesivo + notice, get across.* hacer ver claramente = hammer + home + message, show + clearly.* ir a ver = drop in on, check out.* ir a ver a Alguien = say + hi.* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.* los árboles no dejan ver el bosque = cannot see the forest for the trees.* manera de ver las cosas = line of thought.* no aguantar ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.* no poder ver a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* no poder ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.* no querer tener nada que ver Algo = would not touch + Nombre + with a barge pole.* no querer tener nada que ver con = want + nothing to do with.* no tener nada que ver con = be irrelevant to.* no ver = be blind to.* no ver con buenos ojos = not take + kindly to.* no verse afectado = be none the worse for wear, be none the worse for (that).* no verse comprometido por = be uncompromised by.* no verse en peligro = be uncompromised by.* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = ignorance is bliss.* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = out of sight out of mind.* quedar por ver = be an open question, remain + to be seen.* referencia "véase" = see reference.* referencia "véase además" = see also reference.* salir sin ser visto = slip out, steal away.* según lo ve + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.* ser algo por ver = be an open question.* sin ser visto = undetected, unobserved.* tener algo que ver con = have + something to do with.* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.* tener que ver con = be concerned with, concern, relate to, hold + a stake in, have + a stake in, be a question of.* una cosa no + tener + nada que ver con la otra = one thing + have + nothing to do with the other.* una vista digna de ver = a sight to behold.* un espectáculo digno de ver = a sight to behold.* véase = see under, SU, refer-to, qv (quod vide -latín).* véase además = see also.* véase como ejemplo = witness.* véase desde = see from, refer-from.* véase + Nombre + para más información = refer to + Nombre + for details.* Veo, Veo = I Spy.* ver Algo a través de los ojos de Alguien = look at + Nombre + through + Posesivo + eyes.* ver Algo con humor = a funny eye for.* ver Algo desde el punto de vista + Adjetivo = view + Nombre + through + Adjetivo + eyes.* ver Algo desde una nueva perspectiva = view + Nombre + in a new light, see + Nombre + in a new light.* ver Algo desde una perspectiva + Adjetivo = see + Nombre + in a + Adjetivo + light.* ver Algo venir = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* ver a través de = see through, see through.* ver bien = welcome.* ver con los mismos ojos = see + eye to eye (with/on).* ver con los prismáticos = glass.* ver con recelo = have + reservations (about).* ver con un ojo crítico = view with + a critical eye.* ver de antemano = preview.* ver desde una nueva perspectiva = shed + new light on.* ver desventajas = see + drawbacks.* ver de un vistazo = see + at a glance.* ver doble = see + double.* ver el motivo de Algo = glean + the reason for.* ver el mundo desde una perspectiva diferente = see + the world in a different light.* ver el porqué = see + the point.* ver el propósito = see + the point.* ver el sentido = see + the point.* ver en pantalla = scroll.* ver faltas en = see + faults in.* ver grabación en vídeo = video playback.* ver inconvenientes = see + drawbacks.* ver la finalidad = see + the point.* ver la luz = see + the light.* ver la luz al final del túnel = see + the light at the end of the tunnel.* ver la luz del día = see + the light of day.* ver la muerte de cerca = have + brushes with death.* ver la oportunidad = see + a chance.* ver la posibilidad = see + the possibility.* ver las cosas de diferente manera = see + things differently.* ver las cosas de diferente modo = see + things differently.* ver las cosas desde una perspectiva = see + things from + perspective.* ver las cosas de una manera diferente = see + things differently.* ver las cosas de un modo diferente = see + things differently.* ver las cosas en su conjunto = see + things as a whole.* ver las cosas en su totalidad = see + things as a whole.* ver las cosas positivas = look on + the bright side.* ver las cosas positivas de la vida = look on + the bright side of life.* ver las estrellas = see + stars.* ver la tele = watch + the telly.* ver la utilidad = see + the point.* verle las orejas al lobo = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* ver lo que Alguien realmente piensa = see into + Posesivo + heart.* ver lo que + avecinarse = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* ver lo que pasa = take it from there/here.* ver mundo = see + life, see + the world.* ver + Nombre + con nuevos ojos = view + Nombre + through fresh eyes.* ver + Nombre + desde la perspectiva de + Nombre = see + Nombre + through + Nombre + eyes.* verse en la necesidad = be constrained to.* verse en la necesidad de = be left with the need to.* verse en la necesidad urgente de = be hard pressed.* verse en la situación = find + Reflexivo + in the position.* verse en medio de = caught in the middle.* verse envuelto en = become + involved in, get + involved with/in.* verse frustrado = become + frustrated.* vérselas canutas = have + a devil of a time.* vérselas con = contend with.* vérselas negras = jump through + hoops, have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre, have + a devil of a time.* vérsele a Alguien el plumero = give + Reflexivo + away.* verse muy afectado por = have + a high stake in.* verse negro = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.* verse obligado a no + Infinitivo = be enjoined from + Gerundio.* verse superado sólo por = be second only to.* verse venir = be on the cards.* ver televisión = watch + television.* ver un fantasma = see + a ghost.* ver ventajas = see + advantages.* vistas desde fuera = outwardly.* visto desde la perspectiva de + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.* * *ver1A(aspecto): aún está de buen ver he's still good-looking o attractive, he still looks goodno es de mal ver she's not bad-lookingB(opinión): a mi/su ver in my/his view, as I see/he sees it■ ver (verbo transitivo)A1 percibir con la vista2 mirar3 imaginarB1 entender, notar2 echar de verC1 constatar, comprobar2 ser testigo deD a verE1 estudiar2 examinar: médico3 DerechoF1 juzgar, considerar2 encontrarG visitar, entrevistarse conH en el póquerI tener... que ver■ ver (verbo intransitivo)A percibir con la vistaB constatarC estudiar, pensarD a verE ver de■ verse (verbo pronominal)A1 percibirse2 imaginarseB1 hallarse2 serC parecerD encontrarsevtA1 (percibir con la vista) to see¿ves el letrero allí enfrente? can o do you see that sign opposite?lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own eyes¿ves algo? can you see anything?enciende la luz que no se ve nada switch on the light, I can't see a thingtú ves visiones, allí no hay nada you're seeing things, there's nothing therese te ve la combinación your slip is showingme acuerdo perfectamente, es como si lo estuviera viendo I remember it perfectly, as if I were seeing it nowver algo/a algn + INF/GER:la vi bailar en Londres hace años I saw her dance in London years agola vi metérselo en el bolsillo I saw her put it into her pocketlos vieron salir por la puerta trasera they were seen leaving by the back doorlo vi hablando con ella I saw him talking to herahí donde lo/la ves: ahí donde la ves tiene un genio … incredible though it may seem, she has a real temper …aquí donde me ves, tengo 90 años cumplidos believe it or not, I'm ninety years oldno ver ni tres en un burro or ni un burro a tres pasos or ni jota ( fam): sin gafas no veo ni jota I can't see a thing without my glasses, without my glasses I'm as blind as a batsi te he visto no me acuerdo ( fam): en cuanto le pedí un favor, si te he visto no me acuerdo as soon as I asked a favor of him, he just didn't want to knowver venir algo/a algn: el fracaso se veía venir it was obvious o you could see it was going to failte veía venir, ya sabía lo que me ibas a pedir I thought as much, I knew what you were going to ask me forya lo veo venir, seguro que quiere una semana libre I know what he's after, I bet he wants a week off ( colloq)¡y tú que lo veas!: ¡que cumplas muchos más! — ¡y tú que lo veas! many happy returns! — thank you very muchvan a bajar los impuestos — ¡y tú que lo veas! ( iró); they're going to cut taxes — do you think you'll live long enough to see it? ( iro)2 (mirar) to watchestaba viendo la televisión I was watching televisionesa película ya la he visto I've seen that movie before¿te has hecho daño?, déjame ver have you hurt yourself? let me seeun espectáculo que hay que ver a show which you must see o which is not to be missed o ( colloq) which is a mustno poder (ni) ver a algn: no puede ni verla or no la puede ver he can't stand her, he can't stand the sight of herno lo puedo ver ni pintado or ni en pintura ( fam); I can't stand the sight of him3 (imaginar) to see, imagine, pictureyo no la veo viviendo en el campo I can't see o imagine o picture her living in the countryya la veo tumbada en la arena sin hacer nada … I can see o picture her now lying on the sand doing nothing …B1 (entender, notar) to see¿no ves que la situación es grave? don't o can't you see how serious the situation is?¿ves qué amargo es? you see how bitter it is?no quiere ver la realidad he won't face up to realitysólo ve sus problemas he's only interested in his own problemsse te ve en la cara I can tell by your facese le ve que disfruta con su trabajo you can see o tell she enjoys her workte veo preocupado ¿qué te pasa? you look worried, what's the matter?la veo muy contenta she looks o seems very happyes un poco complicado, ¿sabes? — ya se ve it's a bit complicated, you know — so I (can) seeya veo/ya se ve que no tienes mucha práctica en esto I can see o it's obvious you haven't had much practice at this, you obviously haven't had much practice at thishacerse ver ( RPl); to show off2echar de ver to realize, noticepronto echó de ver que le faltaba dinero he soon realized o noticed that some of his money was missingse echa de ver que está muy contento it's obvious he's very happyC1 (constatar, comprobar) to seeve a ver quién es go and see who it is¡ya verás lo que es bueno si no me haces caso! you'll see what you get if you don't do as I sayhabrá que ver si cumple su promesa it remains to be seen o we'll have to see whether he keeps his promiseverás como no viene he won't come, wait and see o you'll seeya no funciona ¿lo ves? or ¿viste? te dije que no lo tocaras now, it's not working any more. You see? I told you not to touch it¡eso ya se verá! we'll see¡eso está por ver! we'll see about that!¡para que veas! ¡tú que decías que no iba a ser capaz! see? I did it! and you said I wouldn't be able to!gané por tres sets a cero ¡para que veas! I won by three sets to love, so there!2 (ser testigo de) to seevieron confirmadas sus sospechas they saw their suspicions confirmed, their suspicions were confirmed¡nunca he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it!¡habráse visto semejante desfachatez! what a nerve! ( colloq)¡si vieras lo mal que lo pasé! you can't imagine how awful it was!es tan bonita, si vieras … she's so pretty, you should see her¡vieras or hubieras visto cómo se asustaron …! ( AmL); you should have seen the fright they got!tenías que haber visto lo furioso que se puso you should have seen how angry he got¡hombre! ¿tú por aquí? — ya ves, no tenía otra cosa que hacer hello, what are you doing here? — well, I didn't have anything else to dopensaba tomarme el día libre pero ya ves, aquí me tienes I intended taking the day off but … well, here I am¡hay que ver! ¡lo que son las cosas! well, well, well! o I don't know! would you believe it?¡hay que ver! hasta se llevaron el dinero de los niños would you believe it! they even took the children's money¡hay que ver lo que ha crecido! wow o gosh! hasn't he grown!hay que ver qué bien se portaron they behaved really well, it's amazing how well they behavedhay que ver lo grosera que es she's incredibly rudeque no veas ( Esp fam): me echó una bronca que no veas she gave me such an earful! ( colloq), you wouldn't believe the earful she gave me! ( colloq)tenía una borrachera que no veas he was absolutely blind drunktienen una cocina que no veas they have an incredible kitchenque no veo ( AmL fam): tengo un hambre que no veo ( fam); I'm absolutely starving ( colloq), I'm so hungry I could eat a horse ( colloq)tengo un sueño que no veo I'm so tired I can hardly keep my eyes openDa ver: (vamos) a ver ¿de qué se trata? OK o all right o well, now, what's the problem?a ver, el fórceps, rápido give me the forceps, quicklyaquí está en el periódico — ¿a ver? it's here in the newspaper — let's see¿a ver qué tienes ahí? let me see o show me what you've got there, what have you got there?aprieta el botón a ver qué pasa press the button and let's see what happensa ver si arreglas esa lámpara when are you going to fix that light?a ver si escribes pronto write soon, make sure you write soon¡cállate, a ver si alguien te oye! shut up, somebody might hear you¡a ver si ahora se cree que se lo robé yo! I hope he doesn't think that I stole it!a ver cuándo vienes a visitarnos come and see us soon/one of these days¡a ver! (AmC, Col) (al contestar el teléfono) hello?E1(estudiar): esto mejor que lo veas tú you'd better look at this o see this o have a look at thistengo que ver cómo lo arreglo I have to work out o see how I can fix itaún no lo sé, ya veré qué hago I still don't know, I'll decide what to do latervéase el capítulo anterior see (the) previous chapterno vimos ese tema en clase we didn't look at o study o do that topic in class2«médico» (examinar): ¿la ha visto ya un médico? has she been seen by a doctor yet?, has she seen a doctor yet?¿por qué no te haces ver por un especialista? ( AmS); why don't you see a specialist?3 ( Derecho) ‹causa› to try, hearF1(juzgar, considerar): yo eso no lo veo bien I don't think that's rightcada uno ve las cosas a su manera everybody has their own point of view, everybody sees things differentlya mi modo or manera de ver to my way of thinking, the way I see it2 (encontrar) to seeno le veo salida a esta situación I can't see any way out of this situation¿tú le ves algún inconveniente? can you see any drawbacks to it?no le veo la gracia I don't think it's funny, I don't find it funnyno le veo nada de malo I can't see anything wrong in itno veo por qué no I don't see why notG(visitar, entrevistarse con): es mejor que vea a su propio médico it's better if you go to o see your own doctorhace tiempo que no lo veo I haven't seen him for some time¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! I haven't seen you for ages!, long time, no see ( colloq)aún no he ido a ver a la abuela I still haven't been to see o visit grandmotherahora que vive lejos lo vemos menos we don't see so much of him now that he lives so far awayH(en el póquer): las veo I'll see youItener … que ver: eso no tiene nada que ver con lo que estamos discutiendo that has nothing to do with what we are discussinges muy joven — ¿y eso qué tiene que ver? he's very young — and what does that have to do with it?no tengo nada que ver con esa compañía I have nothing to do with that company, I have no connection with that company¿tuviste algo que ver en ese asunto? did you have anything to do with o any connection with that business?, were you involved in that business?¿qué tiene que ver que sea sábado? what difference does it make that it's Saturday?¿tendrán algo que ver con los Icasuriaga de Zamora? are they related in any way to the Icasuriagas from Zamora?■ verviA (percibir con la vista) to seeno veo bien de lejos/de cerca I'm shortsighted/longsightedenciende la luz que no veo turn on the light, I can't seeB(constatar): ¿hay cerveza? — no sé, voy a ver is there any beer? — I don't know, I'll have a look¿está Juan? — voy a ver is Juan in? — I'll go and seeverás, no quería engañarte pero … look, I wasn't trying to deceive you, it's just that …pues verás, la cosa empezó cuando … well you see, the whole thing began when …ver para creer seeing is believingC (estudiar, pensar) to seevamos a veror veamos, ¿dónde le duele? let's see now, where does it hurt?¿vas a decir que sí? — ya veré, déjame pensarlo un poco are you going to accept? I'll see, let me think about itseguimos en veremos we still don't know anything, we're still in the darkDE ver de (procurar) to tryvean de que no se dé cuenta try to make sure he doesn't noticevamos a ver de hacerlo lo más rápido posible let's try to get it done o let's see if we can get it done as quickly as possible■ verseA ( refl)1 (percibirse) to see oneself¿te quieres ver en el espejo? do you want to see yourself o look at yourself in the mirror?se vio reflejado en el agua he saw his reflection in the water2 (imaginarse) to see oneself¿tú te ves viviendo allí? can you see yourself living there?B1 (hallarse) (+ compl) to find oneselfme vi obligado a despedirlo I was obliged to dismiss him, I had no choice but to dismiss himse vio en la necesidad de pedir dinero prestado he found himself having to borrow moneyme vi en un aprieto I found myself in a tight spotvérselas venir ( fam): me las veía venir por eso tomé precauciones I saw it coming so I took precautionsvérselas y deseárselas: me las vi y me las deseé estudiando y trabajando durante cinco años it was really tough o hard o it was a real struggle studying and working for five yearsverse venir algo to see sth coming2 ( frml)(ser): este problema se ha visto agravado por … this problem has been made worse by …las cifras se ven aumentadas al final del verano the figures rise at the end of the summerel país se verá beneficiado con este acuerdo the country will benefit from this agreementme veo gordísima con esta falda I look really fat in this skirtD ( recípr) (encontrarse) to meetse veían un par de veces al mes they used to see each other o meet a couple of times a monthnos vemos a las siete I'll meet o see you at sevenes mejor que no nos veamos durante un tiempo we'd better not see each other for a while¡nos vemos! ( esp AmL); see you!, I'll be seeing you!verse CON algn to see sbya no me veo con ellos I don't see them any morevérselas con algn: tendrá que vérselas conmigo como se atreva a molestarte he'll have me to deal with if he dares to bother you* * *
ver 1 sustantivo masculino
1 ( aspecto):◊ ser de buen ver to be good-looking o attractive
2 ( opinión):◊ a mi/su ver in my/his view
ver 2 ( conjugate ver) verbo transitivo
1
◊ ¿ves algo? can you see anything?;
no se ve nada aquí you can't see a thing in here;
lo vi hablando con ella I saw him talking to her
esa película ya la he visto I've seen that movie before;
no poder (ni) ver a algn: no la puede ver he can't stand her
2 (entender, notar) to see;◊ ¿no ves lo que está pasando? don't o can't you see what's happening?;
se la ve preocupada she looks worried;
hacerse ver (RPl) to show off
3
¡ya verás lo que pasa! you'll see what happens;
¡ya se verá! we'll see
◊ ¡nunca he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it!;
¡si vieras lo mal que lo pasé! you can't imagine how awful it was!;
¡hubieras visto cómo se asustaron! (AmL) you should have seen the fright they got!
4◊ a ver: (vamos) a ver ¿de qué se trata? OK o all right, now, what's the problem?;
está aquí, en el periódico — ¿a ver? it's here in the newspaper — let's see;
apriétalo a ver qué pasa press it and see what happens;
a ver si escribes pronto make sure you write soon
5a) ( estudiar):
tengo que ver cómo lo arreglo I have to work out how I can fix it;
ya veré qué hago I'll decide what to do later
◊ ¿la ha visto un médico? has she been seen by a doctor yet?
6a) (juzgar, considerar):
a mi modo or manera de ver the way I see it
no le veo la gracia I don't think it's funny
7 (visitar, entrevistarse con) ‹amigo/pariente› to see, visit;
‹médico/jefe› to see;◊ ¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! I haven't seen you for ages!
8◊ tener … que ver: ¿y eso qué tiene que ver? and what does that have to do with it?;
no tengo nada que ver con él I have nothing to do with him;
¿qué tiene que ver que sea sábado? what difference does it make that it's Saturday?
verbo intransitivo
1 ( percibir con la vista) to see;
no veo bien de lejos/de cerca I'm shortsighted/longsighted
2 ( constatar):◊ ¿hay cerveza? — no sé, voy a ver is there any beer? — I don't know, I'll have a look;
pues verás, todo empezó cuando … well you see, the whole thing began when …
3 ( pensar) to see;
estar/seguir en veremos (AmL fam): todavía está en veremos it isn't certain yet;
seguimos en veremos we still don't know anything
verse verbo pronominal
1 ( refl) (percibirse, imaginarse) to see oneself
2 ( hallarse) (+ compl) to find oneself;
me vi obligado a despedirlo I had no choice but to dismiss him
3 (esp AmL) ( parecer):
no se ve bien con ese peinado that hairdo doesn't suit her
4 ( recípr)
◊ nos vemos a las siete I'll meet o see you at seven;
¡nos vemos! (esp AmL) see you!
verse con algn to see sb
ver 1 m (aspecto exterior) aún estás de buen ver, you're still good-looking
ver 2 I verbo transitivo
1 to see: vi tu cartera sobre la mesa, I saw your wallet on the table
no veo nada, I can't see anything
puede ver tu casa desde aquí, he can see your house from here ➣ Ver nota en see; (mirar la televisión) to watch: estamos viendo las noticias de las tres, we are watching the three o'clock news
(cine) me gustaría ver esa película, I'd like to see that film
2 (entender) no veo por qué no te gusta, I can't see why you don't like it
(considerar) a mi modo de ver, as far as I can see o as I see it
tus padres no ven bien esa relación, your parents don't agree with that relationship
(parecer) se te ve nervioso, you look nervous
3 (averiguar) ya veremos qué sucede, we'll soon see what happens
fam (uso enfático) ¡no veas qué sitio tan bonito!, you wouldn't believe what a beautiful place!
4 a ver, let's see: a ver si acabamos este trabajo, let's see if we can finish this job
me compré un compacto, - ¿a ver?, I bought a compact disc, - let's have a look!
5 (ir a ver, visitar) to see, visit: le fui a ver al hospital, I visited him in hospital
II verbo intransitivo
1 to see: no ve bien de lejos, he's shortsighted, US nearsighted
2 (dudar, pensar) ¿me prestas este libro?, - ya veré, will you lend me this book?, - I'll see
3 (tener relación) no tengo nada que ver con ese asunto, I have nothing to do with that business
solo tiene cincuenta años, - ¿y eso qué tiene qué ver?, he's only fifty, - so what?
♦ Locuciones: no poder ver a alguien: no puede (ni) verle, she can't stand him
¿To see, to watch o to look?
Los tres verbos reflejan tres conceptos muy distintos. To see hace referencia a la capacidad visual y no es fruto de una acción deliberada. A menudo se usa con can o could: I can see the mountains from my bedroom. Puedo ver las montañas desde mi dormitorio.
To look at implica una acción deliberada: I saw an old atlas, so I opened it and looked at the maps. Vi un atlas antiguo, así que lo abrí y miré los mapas.
To watch también se refiere a una acción deliberada, a menudo cuando se tiene un interés especial por lo que ocurre: I watched the planes in the sky with great interest. Miraba los aviones en el cielo con gran interés. Igualmente puede indicar el paso del tiempo (we watched the animals playing for half an hour, durante media hora observamos cómo jugaban los animales), movimiento (they stood there watching the cars drive off into the distance, se quedaron allí de pie viendo cómo se marchaban los coches) o vigilancia (the policemen have been watching this house because they thought we were thieves, los policías estaban vigilando la casa porque pensaban que éramos ladrones).
Para hablar de películas u obras de teatro usamos to see: Have you seen Hamlet?, ¿Has visto Hamlet? To watch se refiere a la televisión y los deportes en general: I always watch the television in the evening. Siempre veo la televisión por las noches. I like to watch football. Me gusta ver el fútbol. Al hablar de programas o partidos específicos podemos usar tanto to watch como to see: I like to see/watch the news at 9:00. Me gusta ver las noticias a las 9.00. Did you see/watch the match last night?, ¿Viste el partido anoche?
' ver' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abundante
- acabar
- aclararse
- aconsejar
- acordar
- acordarse
- acostumbrada
- acostumbrado
- actual
- actualmente
- acuerdo
- adentro
- adición
- advertir
- agradecer
- aguantar
- aguardar
- ahora
- alegre
- almuerzo
- alquiler
- alta
- alto
- amarilla
- amarillo
- americanada
- amplia
- amplio
- añadir
- anexa
- anexo
- añorar
- apartamento
- apellido
- apetecer
- apreciar
- arrepentirse
- arriesgarse
- atreverse
- aún
- ausente
- ayudar
- bajar
- bastante
- burra
- burro
- cachorra
- cachorro
- caliente
English:
able
- add
- add up
- addition
- advertising
- afloat
- afraid
- afternoon
- aghast
- ajar
- akin
- alight
- alike
- alive
- all
- allow
- alone
- already
- although
- among
- amongst
- and
- another
- apartment
- appear
- appendix
- arouse
- as
- ashamed
- asleep
- assassin
- assassinate
- assassination
- associate
- attorney
- averse
- awake
- awaken
- aware
- bar
- barrister
- bath
- be
- beat
- beer
- beg
- benefit
- between
- billion
- bite
* * *♦ nm♦ vt1. [percibir con los ojos] to see;[mirar] to look at; [televisión, programa, espectáculo deportivo] to watch; [película, obra, concierto] to see;¿ves algo? can you see anything?;yo no veo nada I can't see a thing;he estado viendo tu trabajo I've been looking at your work;¿vemos la tele un rato? shall we watch some TV?;esta serie nunca la veo I never watch this series;¿has visto el museo? have you been to the museum?;yo te veo más delgada you look thinner to me;Méx Fam¿qué me ves? what are you looking at?;este edificio ha visto muchos sucesos históricos this building has seen a lot of historic events;los jubilados han visto aumentadas sus pensiones pensioners have had their pensions increased;ver a alguien hacer algo to see sb doing sth;los vi actuar en el festival I saw them acting at the festival;te vi bajar del autobús I saw you getting off the bus;¡si vieras qué bien lo pasamos! if only you knew what a good time we had!;¡si vieras qué cara se le puso! you should have seen her face!;ver venir algo/a alguien: este problema ya lo veía venir I could see this problem coming;lo veo venir I can see what he's up to;verlas venir: él prefiere quedarse a verlas venir he prefers to wait and see;¡quién lo ha visto y quién lo ve! it's amazing how much he's changed!;si no lo veo, no lo creo I'd never have believed it if I hadn't seen it with my own eyes;si te he visto no me acuerdo: pero ahora, si te he visto, no me acuerdo but now he/she/ etc doesn't want to know2. [entender, apreciar, considerar] to see;ya veo que estás de mal humor I can see you're in a bad mood;¿no ves que trata de disculparse? can't you see o tell she's trying to apologize?;¿ves lo que quiero decir? do you see what I mean?;ahora lo veo todo claro now I understand everything;a todo le ve pegas he sees problems in everything;yo no le veo solución a este problema I can't see a solution to this problem;¿tú cómo lo ves? how do you see it?;yo lo veo así I see it this way o like this;es una manera de ver las cosas that's one way of looking at it;yo no lo veo tan mal I don't think it's that bad;ahí donde la ves, era muy guapa de joven she was very pretty when she was young, you know;dejarse ver (por un sitio) to show one's face (somewhere);¿te gusta? – ¡a ver! do you like it? – of course I do!;¡habráse visto!: ¡habráse visto qué cara dura/mal genio tiene! you'd never believe what a cheek/temper he has!;¡hay que ver! [indica sorpresa] would you believe it!;[indica indignación] it makes me mad!;¡hay que ver qué lista es! you wouldn't believe how clever she is!;¡hay que ver cuánto se gasta estando de vacaciones! it's amazing how much you spend when you're on Br holiday o US vacation!;para que veas: no le tengo ningún rencor, ¡para que veas! I don't bear him any hard feelings, in case you were wondering;Famno poder ver a alguien (ni en pintura): no lo puedo ver I can't stand (the sight of) him3. [imaginar] to see;ya veo tu foto en los periódicos I can (just) see your photo in the newspapers;francamente, yo no la veo casada to be honest, I find it hard to see her getting married4. [comprobar] to see;ir a ver lo que pasa to go and see what's going on;ve a ver si quedan cervezas go and see if o have a look if there are any beers left;veré qué puedo hacer I'll see what I can do;queda por ver si ésta es la mejor solución it remains to be seen whether this is the best solution;eso está por ver, eso habrá que verlo that remains to be seen;veamos let's see5. [tratar, estudiar] [tema, problema] to look at;el lunes veremos la lección 6 we'll do lesson 6 on Monday;como ya hemos visto en anteriores capítulos… as we have seen in previous chapters…6. [reconocer] [sujeto: médico, especialista] to have o take a look at;Andes, RPel televisor no funciona, tengo que hacerlo ver the television's not working, I must get someone to have a look at it o get it seen to7. [visitar, citarse con] to see;tienes que ir a ver al médico you ought to see the doctor;ven a vernos cuando quieras come and see us any time you like;mañana vamos a ver a mis padres we're seeing my parents tomorrow;hace siglos que no la veo I haven't seen her for ages;últimamente no los veo mucho I haven't seen much of them recently9. [en juegos de naipes] to see;las veo I'll see you♦ vi1. [percibir con los ojos] to see;ver bien/mal to have good/poor eyesight;no veo bien de cerca/de lejos I'm long-sighted/short-sighted;¿ves bien ahí? can you see all right from there?;Famque no veo: tengo un hambre/sueño que no veo I'm incredibly hungry/tired;Famque no veas: hace un frío/calor que no veas it's incredibly cold/hot;los vecinos arman un ruido que no veas the neighbours are unbelievably noisy;hasta más ver [adiós] see you soon2. [hacer la comprobación] to see;la casa está en muy buenas condiciones – ya veo the house is in very good condition – so I see;es muy sencillo, ya verás it's quite simple, you'll see;creo que me queda uno en el almacén, iré a ver I think I have one left in the storeroom, I'll just go and see o look;vendrá en el periódico – voy a ver it'll be in the newspaper – I'll go and see o look;tú sigue sin estudiar y verás you'll soon see what happens if you carry on not studying;¿ves?, te lo dije (you) see? I told you so;ver para creer seeing is believing3. [decidir]¿lo harás? – ya veré will you do it? – I'll see;ya veremos we'll see4. [en juegos de naipes]¡veo! I'll see you!5. [como muletilla]verás, tengo algo muy importante que decirte listen o look, I've got something very important to say to you;¿qué ha pasado? – pues, verás, yo estaba… what happened? – well, you see, I was…6.a ver: a ver cuánto aguantas en esa postura let's see how long you can hold that position;a ver cuándo vienes a vernos you must come and see us some time;no subas al tejado, a ver si te vas a caer don't go up on the roof, you might fall;¡a ver si tienes más cuidado con lo que dices! you should be a bit more careful what you say!;¿a ver? [mirando con interés] let me see, let's have a look;Col¡a ver! [al teléfono] hello?;a ver, ¿qué te pasa? let's see, what's wrong?;a ver, antes de empezar… let's see, right, before starting…;vamos a ver let's see* * *<part visto>I v/t1 L.Am. ( mirar) look at; televisión watch2 see;sin ser visto unseen, without being seen;la vi ayer en la reunión I saw her yesterday at the meeting;no puede verla fig he can’t stand the sight of her;tengo un hambre que no veo fam I’m starving oravenous;me lo veía venir I could see it coming;te veo venir fig I know what you’re after3 ( visitar):fui a ver al médico I went to see the doctor4 ( opinar):¿cómo lo ves? what do you think?5 ( entender):me hizo ver que estaba equivocado she made me see that I was wrong;¿(lo) ves? (do) you see?7:no tiene nada que ver con it doesn’t have anything to do withII v/i1 L.Am. ( mirar) look;ve aquí dentro look in here2 see;no veo bien sin gafas I don’t see too well without my glasses3 ( considerar):está por ver that remains to be seen;ya veremos we’ll see;vamos a ver let’s see;a ver let’s see, now then:¡hay que ver! would you believe it!;¡para que veas! so there!* * *ver {88} vt1) : to seevimos la película: we saw the movie2) entender: to understandya lo veo: now I get it3) examinar: to examine, to look intolo veré: I'll take a look at it4) juzgar: to see, to judgea mi manera de ver: to my way of thinking5) visitar: to meet with, to visit6) averiguar: to find out7)a ver orvamos a ver : let's seever vi1) : to see2) enterarse: to learn, to find out3) entender: to understand* * *ver vb2. (mirar) to watch3. (parecer) to look -
6 cara
f.1 face (rostro).esa cara me suena de algo I remember that face from somewhere, I've seen that face somewhere before2 face (person).acudieron muchas caras famosas a lot of famous faces were there3 side (lado).4 heads.echar algo a cara o cruz to toss (a coin) for something, to flip a coin for something (United States)5 front (parte frontal).6 cheek, nerve (informal) (desvergüenza).tener (mucha) cara, tener la cara muy dura to have a lot of cheek o nerve, to have a real brass neck (British)tener la cara de hacer algo to have the nerve to do something7 appearance, aspect, image, countenance.8 dial.9 Cara.10 expression, look.* * *1 (rostro) face2 (expresión) face, expression3 (lado) side; (de moneda) right side■ ¿cara o cruz? heads or tails?4 (superficie) face■ ¡vaya cara! what a cheek!■ ¡vaya cara que tienes! you've got a cheek!, you've got a nerve!1 familiar (caradura) cheeky person\a la cara to somebody's facecaérsele a uno la cara de vergüenza familiar to die of shamecara a facingcara a cara face to facedar la cara figurado to face the consequencesdar la cara por alguien figurado to stand up for somebodyde cara facingechar algo a cara o cruz to toss for somethingechar en cara figurado to reproach foren la cara in somebody's facejugar algo a cara o cruz to toss for somethinglavar la cara a algo figurado to give something a facelift, give something a once-over■ si le lavamos la cara al piso lo venderemos más caro if we give the flat a once-over we'll get more for itno saber qué cara poner not to know what to do with oneselfno tener cara para hacer algo figurado not to dare do somethingplantar cara a alguien figurado to face up to somebodyponer al mal tiempo buena cara to put on a brave face, grin and bear itponer buena cara to look pleasedponer mala cara to pull a long faceromperle la cara a alguien familiar to smash somebody's face intener buena cara to look welltener cara de to looktener mala cara to look badtener más cara que espalda familiar to have a lot of cheekverse las caras figurado to come face to facevolver la cara to look the other waycara de circunstancias figurado serious lookcara de perro familiar scowling facecara de pocos amigos familiar unfriendly face■ ¡qué cara más dura! what a cheek!, what a nerve!cara larga figurado long face* * *1. noun f.1) face2) side3) look, appearance4) nerve, cheek2. f., (m. - caro)* * *SF1) (=rostro) faceconocido como "cara cortada" — known as "Scarface"
cara a cara: se encontraron cara a cara — they met face to face
•
asomar la cara — to show one's face•
de cara, corrimos con el viento de cara — we ran into the wind•
de cara a, nos sentamos de cara al sol — we sat facing the sunreformas de cara a las próximas elecciones — reforms with an eye on the next elections o for the next elections
•
volver la cara hacia algn — to turn one's face towards sbcaérsele a algn la cara de vergüenza —
a dos caras —
echaron en cara a los estudiantes su escasa participación — they reproached the students for not joining in enough
por la cara * —
está viviendo con sus padres y cobrando el paro por la cara — he's living with his parents and getting away with claiming dole money at the same time
- romper la cara a algn2) (=expresión)•
poner mala cara — to grimace, make a (wry) face•
tener cara de, tenía cara de querer pegarme — he looked as if he wanted to hit metener buena cara — [enfermo] to be looking well; [comida] to look appetizing
tener mala cara — [enfermo] to look ill; [comida] to look bad
- tener cara de justo juez- tener cara de pascuas3) * (=descaro) cheek *, nerve *; (=valor) nerve *¡qué cara más dura! — * what a cheek o nerve! *
¡qué cara tienes! — what a cheek you've got! *, you've got a nerve! *
¿con qué cara le voy a pedir eso? — how do you expect me to have the nerve to ask her for that? *
•
tener cara para hacer algo — to have the nerve to do sth *4) (=lado) [de moneda, montaña, figura geométrica] face; [de disco, planeta, papel] side; [de tela] face, right side; (Arquit) face, frontcara A — [en disco] A side
echar o jugar o sortear algo a cara o cruz — to toss for sth
cara y cruz —
* * *1)a) (Anat) faceb) (en locs)de cara: llevaban el viento de cara they were running (o riding etc) into the wind; el sol me da de cara the sun is in my eyes; de cara a: se puso de cara a la pared she turned to face the wall, she turned her face to the wall; la campaña de cara a las próximas elecciones the campaign for the forthcoming elections; las medidas a tomar (de) cara a esta situación the measures to take in view of o in the light of this situation; a cara descubierta openly; cruzarle la cara a alguien to slap somebody's face; dar or (Col) poner la cara: nunca da la cara he never does his own dirty work; dar or sacar la cara por alguien to stand up for somebody; echarle algo en cara a alguien to throw something back in somebody's face; echarle cara a algo (Esp fam) to be bold; echarse algo a la cara (Esp fam): es lo más antipático que te puedes echar/que me he echado a la cara he's the most unpleasant person you could ever wish to meet/I've ever met (colloq); hacer cara a algo to face (up to) something; hacerle caritas a alguien (Méx) to give somebody the eye; me/le/nos volteó (AmL) or (Esp) volvió or (CS) dio vuelta la cara she turned her head away; partirle or romperle la cara a alguien (fam) to smash somebody's face in (colloq); plantarle cara a alguien ( resistir) to stand up to somebody; por tu cara bonita or (CS) tu linda cara: si crees que por tu cara bonita vas a conseguirlo todo... if you think everything is just going to fall into your lap...; se te/le debería caer la cara de vergüenza you/he should be ashamed of yourself/himself; verse las caras: ya nos veremos las caras tú y yo — you haven't seen the last of me
2)a) ( expresión)no pongas esa cara que no es para tanto — don't look like that, it's not that bad
no pongas cara de bueno — don't play o act the innocent
anda con cara de pocos amigos or (fam) de vinagre — he has a sour look on his face
poner cara de perro or de sargento — (fam) to look fierce
andaba con/puso cara larga — (fam) he had/he pulled a long face
tiene cara de cansado/de no haber dormido — he looks tired/as if he hasn't slept
b) ( aspecto) look3)a) (Mat) faceb) (de disco, papel) sidecara o cruz or (Arg) ceca or (Andes, Ven) sello — heads or tails
la otra cara de la moneda — the other side of the coin
c) ( de situación) face, side4)a) (fam) (frescura, descaro) nerve (colloq), cheek (BrE colloq)b) cara masculino y femenino: tb* * *= face, face, side.Ex. They are followed in turn by the see and see also references to the heading: HEAD see also BRAIN; EAR; EYE; FACE; HAIR; NOSE.Ex. The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.Ex. The red ON/OFF switch for the terminal is located at the left side of the screen.----* acabar con mejor cara = end up on + a high note.* actuar de cara a la galería = play to + the gallery.* cambiar de cara = arrange + countenance.* cara a cara = face-to-face [face to face], face-to-face [face to face], double-faced, head-to-head, confrontational, one-on-one, eyeball-to-eyeball, eyeball-to-eyeball confrontation, in person.* cara B, la = flip side, the.* cara de póker = poker face, deadpan expression.* cara de póquer = deadpan expression, poker face.* cara dura = impudence, effrontery, blatancy, shameless, shamelessness.* cara expresiva = expressive face.* cara inexpresiva = poker face.* cara inmutable = poker face.* cara larga = straight face.* cara o cruz = heads or tails.* cara oculta = underside.* cara oculta, la = dark side, the.* carapálida = white man [white men, -pl.].* caras de Chernoff = Chernoff faces.* cara seria = straight face.* con cara de cansado = bleary-eyed.* con cara de sueño = bleary-eyed.* con dos caras = double-faced.* costar un ojo de la cara = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.* dar de cara a = front.* dar un lavado de cara = spruce up.* dar un ojo de la cara por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.* de cara a = facing.* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.* de la cara = facial.* echar en cara = fault.* edición cara = hardcover.* encontrarse cara a cara = come + face to face.* enfrentamiento cara a cara = eyeball-to-eyeball confrontation.* enfrentarse a Algo cara a cara = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.* enfrentarse cara a cara con = go + eyball to eyeball with.* hacer Algo de cara a la galería = play to + the gallery.* hacer cara a = brave.* lavar la cara = spin-doctor.* lavarse la cara = wash + Posesivo + face.* otra cara, la = flip side, the.* pagar un ojo de la cara = pay through + the nose.* paño para la cara = facecloth, face flannel, washcloth, washrag.* paño para lavarse la cara = washcloth, facecloth, face flannel, washrag.* partirse la cara por = work + Reflexivo + to death, work + Reflexivo + to the ground.* poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.* sin cara = faceless.* tener cara de muerto = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener la cara de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la cara descompuesta = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener muy mala cara = look like + death warmed (over/up).* terminar con mejor cara = end up on + a high note.* valer un ojo de la cara = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.* viento de cara = headwind.* * *1)a) (Anat) faceb) (en locs)de cara: llevaban el viento de cara they were running (o riding etc) into the wind; el sol me da de cara the sun is in my eyes; de cara a: se puso de cara a la pared she turned to face the wall, she turned her face to the wall; la campaña de cara a las próximas elecciones the campaign for the forthcoming elections; las medidas a tomar (de) cara a esta situación the measures to take in view of o in the light of this situation; a cara descubierta openly; cruzarle la cara a alguien to slap somebody's face; dar or (Col) poner la cara: nunca da la cara he never does his own dirty work; dar or sacar la cara por alguien to stand up for somebody; echarle algo en cara a alguien to throw something back in somebody's face; echarle cara a algo (Esp fam) to be bold; echarse algo a la cara (Esp fam): es lo más antipático que te puedes echar/que me he echado a la cara he's the most unpleasant person you could ever wish to meet/I've ever met (colloq); hacer cara a algo to face (up to) something; hacerle caritas a alguien (Méx) to give somebody the eye; me/le/nos volteó (AmL) or (Esp) volvió or (CS) dio vuelta la cara she turned her head away; partirle or romperle la cara a alguien (fam) to smash somebody's face in (colloq); plantarle cara a alguien ( resistir) to stand up to somebody; por tu cara bonita or (CS) tu linda cara: si crees que por tu cara bonita vas a conseguirlo todo... if you think everything is just going to fall into your lap...; se te/le debería caer la cara de vergüenza you/he should be ashamed of yourself/himself; verse las caras: ya nos veremos las caras tú y yo — you haven't seen the last of me
2)a) ( expresión)no pongas esa cara que no es para tanto — don't look like that, it's not that bad
no pongas cara de bueno — don't play o act the innocent
anda con cara de pocos amigos or (fam) de vinagre — he has a sour look on his face
poner cara de perro or de sargento — (fam) to look fierce
andaba con/puso cara larga — (fam) he had/he pulled a long face
tiene cara de cansado/de no haber dormido — he looks tired/as if he hasn't slept
b) ( aspecto) look3)a) (Mat) faceb) (de disco, papel) sidecara o cruz or (Arg) ceca or (Andes, Ven) sello — heads or tails
la otra cara de la moneda — the other side of the coin
c) ( de situación) face, side4)a) (fam) (frescura, descaro) nerve (colloq), cheek (BrE colloq)b) cara masculino y femenino: tb* * *= face, face, side.Ex: They are followed in turn by the see and see also references to the heading: HEAD see also BRAIN; EAR; EYE; FACE; HAIR; NOSE.
Ex: The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.Ex: The red ON/OFF switch for the terminal is located at the left side of the screen.* acabar con mejor cara = end up on + a high note.* actuar de cara a la galería = play to + the gallery.* cambiar de cara = arrange + countenance.* cara a cara = face-to-face [face to face], face-to-face [face to face], double-faced, head-to-head, confrontational, one-on-one, eyeball-to-eyeball, eyeball-to-eyeball confrontation, in person.* cara B, la = flip side, the.* cara de póker = poker face, deadpan expression.* cara de póquer = deadpan expression, poker face.* cara dura = impudence, effrontery, blatancy, shameless, shamelessness.* cara expresiva = expressive face.* cara inexpresiva = poker face.* cara inmutable = poker face.* cara larga = straight face.* cara o cruz = heads or tails.* cara oculta = underside.* cara oculta, la = dark side, the.* carapálida = white man [white men, -pl.].* caras de Chernoff = Chernoff faces.* cara seria = straight face.* con cara de cansado = bleary-eyed.* con cara de sueño = bleary-eyed.* con dos caras = double-faced.* costar un ojo de la cara = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.* dar de cara a = front.* dar un lavado de cara = spruce up.* dar un ojo de la cara por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.* de cara a = facing.* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.* de la cara = facial.* echar en cara = fault.* edición cara = hardcover.* encontrarse cara a cara = come + face to face.* enfrentamiento cara a cara = eyeball-to-eyeball confrontation.* enfrentarse a Algo cara a cara = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.* enfrentarse cara a cara con = go + eyball to eyeball with.* hacer Algo de cara a la galería = play to + the gallery.* hacer cara a = brave.* lavar la cara = spin-doctor.* lavarse la cara = wash + Posesivo + face.* otra cara, la = flip side, the.* pagar un ojo de la cara = pay through + the nose.* paño para la cara = facecloth, face flannel, washcloth, washrag.* paño para lavarse la cara = washcloth, facecloth, face flannel, washrag.* partirse la cara por = work + Reflexivo + to death, work + Reflexivo + to the ground.* poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.* sin cara = faceless.* tener cara de muerto = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener la cara de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la cara descompuesta = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener muy mala cara = look like + death warmed (over/up).* terminar con mejor cara = end up on + a high note.* valer un ojo de la cara = cost + the earth, cost + an arm and a leg, cost + a pretty penny, cost + a fortune.* viento de cara = headwind.* * *A1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ( Anat) faceesa cara me suena I know that face (from somewhere), that face is familiarle encuentro cara conocida his face is familiarmírame a la cara cuando te hablo look at me when I'm talking to youlas mismas caras conocidas the same old facesno se atreve a decírmelo a la cara he doesn't dare say it to my facese le rió en la cara she laughed in his faceno pienso mirarlo más a la cara I don't ever want to set eyes on him again2 ( en locs):cara a cara face to facede cara: llevaban el viento de cara they were running ( o riding etc) into the windno puedo conducir cuando el sol me da de cara I can't drive with the sun in my eyesde cara a: se puso de cara a la pared she turned to face the wall, she turned her face to the wallla campaña de propaganda de cara a las próximas elecciones the advertising campaign for the forthcoming electionsla importancia de estas reuniones de cara a su futuro the importance of these meetings vis-à-vis o for their futurelas medidas a tomar (de) cara a esta situación the measures to take in view of o in the light of o vis-à-vis this situationa cara descubierta openlycara de póquer poker facecara de poto ( Chi fam) (cara — fea) ugly mug ( colloq); (— de enfermo) pasty face ( colloq); (— larga) long facecara larga or de dos metros ( fam): puso cara larga (de depresión) he put on o pulled a long face; (de disgusto) he pulled a facecruzarle la cara a algn to slap sb's facedar or ( Col) poner la cara: nunca da la cara, siempre me manda a mí he never does his own dirty work, he always sends mehacen lo que les da la gana y luego tengo que dar la cara yo they do what they want and then I'm the one who has to suffer the consequencesdar or sacar la cara por algn to stand up for sbecharle or sacarle algo en cara a algn to throw sth back in sb's faceecharse algo a la cara ( Esp fam): es lo más antipático que te puedes echar/que me he echado a la cara he's the most unpleasant person you could ever wish to meet/I've ever met ( colloq)hacerle caritas a algn ( Méx); to give sb the eyelavarle la cara a algo to give sth a quick once-overme/le/nos volteó la cara ( AmL) or ( Esp) me volvió la caraor (CS) me dio vuelta la cara she turned her head away, she turned the other waypartirse la cara por algn: yo me parto la cara por ti I work myself to death o into the ground for youse parte la cara por sus empleados she really puts herself out for her employeesplantarle cara a algn (resistir) to stand up to sbno le plantes cara a tu madre don't answer your mother backpor tu cara bonita or (CS) tu linda cara: si crees que por tu cara bonita vas a conseguirlo todo … if you think everything is just going to fall into your lap …se te/le debería caer la cara de vergüenza you/he should be ashamed of yourself/himselfverse las caras: ha logrado escapar pero ya nos veremos las caras he's managed to escape but he hasn't seen the last of melos dos boxeadores que se verán las caras el jueves the two boxers who will come face to face o meet on Thursdayvolver la cara atrás to look backcuando se proponía algo no volvía la cara atrás once she decided to do something, she would never look backCompuesto:masculine face-to-face o head-to-head debateB1(expresión): no pongas esa cara que no es para tanto don't look like that, it's not that badalegra esa cara, vamos come on, cheer upno pongas cara de bueno don't play o act the innocentpuse cara de circunstancias I tried to look serioussiempre anda con cara de pocos amigos or de vinagre he always has such a sour look on his facesi no pongo cara de perro or de sargento no me hacen caso if I don't look fierce they don't take any notice of mepuso mala cara cuando le pedí que me ayudara he pulled a face when I asked him to help metiene cara de cansado/de no haber dormido he looks tired/as if he hasn't slepttienes mala cara you don't look well2 (aspecto) lookno me gusta la cara de esa herida I don't like the look of that wound¡qué buena cara tiene la comida! the food looks delicious!le cambiará la cara al país it will change the face of the countryC1 ( Mat) face2 (de un disco, un papel) sidesalió cara it came up headscara o cruz or ( Arg) ceca or (Andes, Ven) sello heads or tailslo echaron a cara o cruz they tossed for itdos caras de la misma moneda two sides of the same coinla otra cara de la moneda the other side of the coin3 (de una situación) face, sidela otra cara del régimen the other face of the regimeD¡qué cara (más dura) tienes! you have some nerve!, you've got a nerve o cheek!se lo llevó por la cara he just took it quite openlyentraron en la fiesta por la cara they gatecrashed the party ( colloq)lo dijo con toda la cara del mundo he said it as cool as you liketiene más cara que espalda he has such a nerve! ( colloq)2cara masculine and feminine tb cara dura ( fam) (persona) sassy devil ( AmE colloq), cheeky swine ( BrE colloq)* * *
cara sustantivo femenino
1a) (Anat) face;
se le rio en la cara she laughed in his face;
mírame a la cara look at meb) ( en locs)
de cara: el sol me da de cara the sun is in my eyes;
se puso de cara a la pared she turned to face the wall, she turned her face to the wall;
dar la cara: nunca da la cara he never does his own dirty work;
dar la cara por algn to stand up for sb;
echarle algo en cara a algn to throw sth back in sb's face;
romperle la cara a algn (fam) to smash sb's face in (colloq
2a) ( expresión):◊ no pongas esa cara que no es para tanto don't look like that, it's not that bad;
alegra esa cara cheer up;
le cambió la cara cuando … her face changed when …;
poner cara de bueno to play o act the innocent;
poner cara de asco to make o (BrE) pull a face;
andaba con/puso cara larga (fam) he had/he pulled a long face
tienes mala cara you don't look well;
¡qué buena cara tiene la comida! the food looks delicious!
3a) (Mat) face
cara o cruz or (Arg) ceca or (Andes, Ven) sello heads or tails;
4 (fam) (frescura, descaro) nerve (colloq), cheek (BrE colloq);◊ ¡qué cara (más dura) tienes! you have some nerve!
■ sustantivo masculino y femenino: tb
caro,-a
I adjetivo expensive, dear
II adverbio (en el precio) el piso nos costó caro, we paid a lot for the flat
(en las consecuencias) pagará caro su desprecio, he'll pay dearly for his scorn
cara
I sustantivo femenino
1 face: quise darle un beso, pero me torció la cara, I wanted to give her a kiss but she turned her face away
2 (expresión del rostro) puse cara de póquer, I tried to look as if nothing was happening
tiene buena/mala cara, he looks good/bad
tienes cara de circunstancias, you look serious
3 familiar (desfachatez) cheek, nerve: ¡qué cara tienes!, what a cheek you've got!
4 (de un folio, disco) side: está escrito por las dos caras, it's written on both sides
5 (anverso de una moneda) right side: ¿cara o cruz?, heads or tails?
echar algo a cara o cruz, to toss (a coin) for sthg
II mf familiar (fresco, descarado) cheeky person
♦ Locuciones: figurado dar la cara, to face the consequences (of one's acts)
figurado dar o sacar la cara por alguien, to stand up for somebody
figurado echarle a alguien algo en cara, to reproach sb for sthg
plantarle cara a alguien, to face up to sb
figurado poner mala cara, to pull a long face
cara a cara, face to face
cara a la pared, facing the wall
de cara, (en dirección a uno, directamente): el sol me da de cara, the sun is right in my face
(a favor) hoy tengo la suerte de cara, this is my lucky day
figurado (de) cara a, (pensando en) with a view to: ya tienen un nuevo modelo de cara al próximo año, they've already got a new model for the following year
(mirando a) facing: una casa cara a la montaña, a house facing the mountain
familiar por la cara, for nothing: quería que hiciese el trabajo por la cara, he wanted me to do the work for nothing
familiar irón por su cara bonita, because they like her face
' cara' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abotargada
- abotargado
- arruga
- arrugar
- arrugarse
- barba
- bobalicón
- bobalicona
- cachete
- capaz
- comer
- cruz
- decir
- denotar
- estampar
- evanescente
- galería
- incapaz
- jeta
- lavado
- maquillar
- marca
- momentáneamente
- mona
- mono
- ojo
- plantar
- plena
- pleno
- poema
- reconocer
- rozar
- salir
- santa
- santo
- señalar
- simiesca
- simiesco
- sonar
- sur
- taparse
- tête à tête
- ubicar
- vislumbrar
- abotagado
- alargar
- alegrar
- amarillo
- ancho
- apergaminado
English:
angular
- antiallergenic
- ashen
- best
- black
- blank
- bomb
- bright
- brighten
- brim
- carp
- cheek
- close
- coin
- contort
- cost
- cover
- craggy
- deadpan
- dearly
- deflect
- disappointment
- disfigure
- distort
- drawn
- everyplace
- exasperation
- expression
- face
- fall
- familiar
- feature
- flip side
- florid
- flush
- flushed
- forlorn
- freckle
- frightful
- full
- furrow
- furtive
- glow
- glowing
- grin
- head
- hideous
- hollow
- ill
- job
* * *cara1 nf1. [rostro] face;tiene una cara muy bonita she has a very pretty face;me ha salido un grano en la cara I've got a spot on my face;esa cara me suena de algo I remember that face from somewhere, I've seen that face somewhere before;los atracadores actuaron a cara descubierta the robbers didn't bother covering their faces;castigar a alguien de cara a la pared to make sb stand facing the wall (as a punishment);arrugar la cara to screw up one's face;también Figasomar la cara to show one's face;¡mira quién asoma la cara! look who's here!;cara a cara face-to-face;un (encuentro) cara a cara entre los dos candidatos a head-to-head (debate) between the two candidates2. [expresión, aspecto]¡alegra esa cara, ya es viernes! cheer up o don't look so miserable, it's Friday!;cuando se enteró de la noticia, puso muy buena cara when she heard the news, her face lit up;no supe qué cara poner I didn't know how to react;¡no pongas mala cara! don't look so miserable!;cuando le contamos nuestro plan, puso muy mala cara when we told her our plan, she pulled a face;tener buena/mala cara [persona] to look well/awful;tiene cara de buena persona she has a kind face, she looks like a nice person;tener cara de enfadado to look angry;tienes cara de no haber dormido you look like you haven't slept;tiene cara de querer comer she looks as if she'd like something to eat;tiene cara de ponerse a llover it looks as if it's going to rain;esta comida tiene buena cara this meal looks goodEsp Fam cara de acelga:tener cara de acelga to have a pale face;cara de ángel: [m5] tener cara de ángel to look like an angel;cara de asco: [m5] poner cara de asco to pull a face, to look disgusted;Fam cara bonita eye candy, glamourpuss; Fam cara de circunstancias:puso cara de circunstancias his face took on a serious expression o turned serious;RP Fam cara de culo: Fam cara de hereje:tener cara de hereje to have an ugly mug;Fam cara larga:poner cara larga to pull a long face;Esp Fam cara de pascua:tener cara de pascua to have a happy face;Fam cara de perro:no pongas esa cara de perro don't look so miserable;tiene cara de perro he has an unfriendly face;un enfrentamiento a cara de perro a crunch match;cara de pocos amigos: [m5] tener cara de pocos amigos to have an unfriendly face;Esp Fam cara de póquer:tener/poner cara de póquer to have/pull a poker face;cara de tonto: [m5]tener/poner cara de tonto to have/pull a stupid face;Fam cara de viernes:tener cara de viernes to have a long face;Fam cara de vinagre:tener cara de vinagre to have a sour face3. [persona] face;acudieron muchas caras famosas a lot of famous faces were there;veo muchas caras nuevas I see a lot of new faces here4. [lado] side;cara A [de disco] A side5. Geom face6. [parte frontal] front7. [de moneda] heads;Figla otra cara de la moneda the other side of the coin;echar algo a cara o cruz to toss (a coin) for sth, US to flip a coin for sth;si sale cara, elijo yo if it's heads, I get to choosequiero un apartamento cara al mar I want an apartment that looks out on to the sea;cara al futuro with regard to the future, in future;cara arriba/abajo face up/down;Espde cara [sol, viento] in one's face;los ciclistas tenían el viento de cara the cyclists were riding into the wind9.de cara a [indicando objetivo] with a view to;de cara a mejorar with a view to improving10. Compse le cayó la cara de vergüenza she blushed with shame;¡no sé cómo no se te cae la cara de vergüenza al hablar así a tu madre! you should be ashamed of yourself, talking to your mother like that!;dar cara a algo to face o confront sth;dar la cara [responsabilizarse] to face up to the consequences;siempre que quiere mandar un mensaje me manda a mí, en vez de dar la cara él whenever he has a message to deliver, he always sends me instead of doing it himself;ya estoy harto de ser yo el que siempre dé la cara I'm fed up of always being the one who takes the flak;dar la cara por alguien [disculpar] to make excuses for sb;[defender] to stick up for sb; RPdar vuelta la cara a alguien to look away from sb;Famsi tiene algo que decir, que me lo diga Esp [m5] a la cara o Am [m5] en la cara if she has something to say to me, she can say it to my face;Famechar algo en cara a alguien to reproach sb for sth;Esp Fames lo más grosero/estúpido que me he echado a la cara he's the rudest/most stupid person I've ever met;Famhacer cara a to stand up to;lavar la cara a algo to make cosmetic changes to sth;mirar a alguien a la cara to look sb in the face;Fampartir la cara a alguien to smash sb's face in;Espplantar cara a alguien to confront sb;Andes, RPponer la cara [responsabilizarse] to face up to the consequences;Esp Fampor la cara: entrar por la cara [sin pagar] to get in without paying;[sin ser invitado] to gatecrash; Fampor su cara bonita, por su linda cara: le dieron el trabajo por su cara bonita o [m5] por su linda cara she got the job because her face fitted;reírse de alguien en su cara to laugh in sb's face;en mi cara no se me ríe nadie nobody laughs at me to my face;Famromper la cara a alguien to smash sb's face in;sacar la cara por alguien to stick up for sb;saltar a la cara to be blindingly obvious;tener dos caras to be two-faced;verse las caras [pelearse] to have it out;[enfrentarse] to fight it out; Andesvoltear la cara a alguien to look away from sb♦ nf[desvergüenza] cheek, nerve;tener la cara de hacer algo to have the nerve to do sth;tener mucha cara, tener la cara muy dura to have a lot of cheek o nerve, Br to have a real brass neck;¡qué cara más dura! what a cheek o nerve!;¡qué cara, ahora me echa las culpas a mí! the cheek of it! now he's trying to put the blame on me!;¡hay que tener cara para decir eso! what a cheek o nerve to say a thing like that!;Esptener más cara que espalda to have a cheek o nerve♦ nmfFam* * *f1 face;a cara descubierta not wearing a mask;cara a algo facing sth;cara a cara face to face;en el cara a cara face to face;de cara a facing; fig with regard to;de cara al exterior on the surface, outwardly;hacer cara a face up to;dar la cara face the consequences;sacar la cara por alguien stick one’s neck out for s.o.;plantar cara a stand up to;echar algo en cara a alguien remind s.o. of sth;a la cara de alguien say sth to s.o.’s face;por su linda cara fig he did it just because he felt like it;cruzar la cara a alguien slap s.o. in the face, slap s.o.’s face;romper opartir la cara a alguien pop smash s.o.’s face in;¡nos veremos las caras! you haven’t heard the last of this!;tenían el viento/el sol de cara they had the wind in their faces/the sun in their eyes;todo le sale de cara everything goes right for him2 ( expresión) look;tiene cara de pocos amigos he doesn’t look very friendly;tiene cara de preocupación/alegría he looks worried/happy;cara larga long face;poner buena cara a mal tiempo look on the bright side3 fignerve;tener cara dura have a nerve4:la otra cara de la moneda fig the other side of the coin* * *cara nf1) : face2) aspecto: look, appearance¡qué buena cara tiene ese pastel!: that cake looks delicious!4)cara a orde cara a : facing5)de cara a : in view of, in the light of* * *cara n1. (en general) face¿veo una cara nueva? do I see a new face?2. (de página, disco) side3. (expresión) look4. (descaro) cheek / nerve¡vaya cara! what a cheek!¿cara o cruz? heads or tails? -
7 aguantar
v.1 to bear.está aguantando bien las presiones she's holding o bearing up well under the pressureesa estantería no va a aguantar el peso de los libros that shelf won't take the weight of the books2 to bear, to stand.no lo aguanto I can't bear himno sé cómo la aguantas I don't know how you put up with herno sabe aguantar una broma he doesn't know how to take a joke3 to hold.aguanta los libros mientras limpio la estantería hold the books while I dust the shelfAguante su respiración Hold your breath.4 to hold (contener) (respiración, mirada).apenas pude aguantar la risa it was all I could do not to laugh5 to hold on (time).aguanta un poco más hold on a bit longerno aguanto más I can't take any moreElla aguantará porque es fuerte She will hold on because she is strong.6 to wait for (esperar). (Mexican Spanish, River Plate)7 to last.estas botas aguantarán hasta al año que viene these boots should last me till next yearaguantar hasta el final to stay the course o the distance8 to endure, to abide, to bear, to tolerate.Noel aguanta muchas penas Noel endures many sorrows.9 to withstand, to hold, to uphold, to support.El barrote aguanta el techo The crosspiece holds the roofing.10 to tolerate to, to suffer to, to bear to, to endure to.Silvia aguanta estudiar de noche Silvia tolerates to study nights.* * *1 (contener) to hold (back)2 (sostener) to hold, support3 (soportar) to tolerate■ no aguanto más I can't stand any more, I can't take any more1 (contenerse) to keep back; (risa, lágrimas) to hold back2 (resignarse) to resign oneself\¡que se aguante! familiar that's her/his tough luck!* * *verb1) to bear, endure, withstand2) hold•* * *1. VT1) (=soportar deliberadamente) to put up with, endureaguanté el dolor como pude — I bore o put up with o endured the pain as best as I could
tenemos que estar aguantando continuas ofensas — we have to put up with o endure continual insults
no aguantaré tus impertinencias ni un minuto más — I won't stand for o take o put up with your cheek a minute longer
2) (=tener capacidad de resistir) to stand up toesta planta aguanta bien el calor — this plant withstands o can take heat well, this plant stands up well to heat
•
no aguantar, no aguanto a los cotillas — I can't bear o stand gossipsno aguanto ver sufrir a un animal — I can't bear o stand to see an animal suffering
no aguantaba la rutina de los entrenamientos — he couldn't cope with o take the training programme
•
no hay quien te aguante — you're impossible o insufferable3) (=sostener) [persona] to hold; [muro, columna] to support, hold upse rompió el cable que aguantaba la antena — the cable holding up o supporting the aerial broke
4) (=contener) [+ respiración] to hold; [+ risa, llanto] to hold backel mundo aguantó la respiración temiendo un desastre — the world waited with bated breath, fearing a disaster
•
aguantar las ganas de hacer algo — to resist the urge to do sthno pude aguantar las ganas de decirle lo que pensaba — I couldn't resist telling her what I thought, I couldn't resist the urge to tell her what I thought
5) (=durar) to last2. VI1) [persona]ya no aguanto más — I can't bear it o stand it o take it any longer, I can't bear o stand o take any more
cuando empezaba a correr no aguantaba más de diez minutos — when she started running she couldn't keep going o last for more than ten minutes
aguantaré en Madrid hasta que pueda — I'll hang on o hold on in Madrid as long as I can
yo me emborracho enseguida, pero él aguanta mucho — I get drunk straight away but he can really hold his drink
tienes que aguantar hasta el año que viene con esos zapatos — you'll have to make do with those shoes until next year
yo ya no aguanto mucho, a las diez estoy en la cama — I can't take the pace any more, I'm in bed by ten
aguantan poco sin aburrirse — they have a low boredom threshold, they're easily bored
es de guapo que no se puede aguantar — * he's drop dead gorgeous *, he's to die for *
2) [clavo, columna] to hold¿crees que este clavo aguantará? — do you think this nail will hold?
3) LAm * (=esperar) to hang on *, hold on¡aguanta! — hang on * o hold on a minute!
3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <dolor/sufrimiento> to bear, endure2)a) <peso/carga> to support, bear; < presión> to withstandb) ( durar)estas botas aguantarán otro invierno — these boots will last (me/you/him) another winter
3) ( sostener) to hold4) (contener, reprimir) <risa/lágrimas> to hold back2.aguantar vicon ese tren de vida no hay salud que aguante — that sort of lifestyle would be enough to destroy anyone's health
3.¿puedes aguantar hasta que lleguemos? — can you hang o hold on until we arrive?
aguantarse v pron1) (conformarse, resignarse)me tendré que aguantar — I'll just have to put up with it
si no le gusta, que se aguante — if he doesn't like it, he can lump it (colloq)
2) (euf) (reprimirse, contenerse)aguántate un poquito que ya llegamos — just hold o hang on a minute, we'll soon be there
3) (AmL fam) ( esperarse) to hang on (colloq)* * *= stand up to, bear, withstand, endure, hold + fire, put up with, hold off, stand + the gaff, stomach, weather, hold + Nombre + in.Ex. However, he would prefer a binding that will stand up to being stuffed into after-hours book drops and being hauled from one library to another.Ex. One is tempted to say that the enthusiasts for postcoordinate systems, being forced to admit reluctantly that control was necessary, couldn't bear to use the old-fashioned term 'list of subject headings'.Ex. While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.Ex. On the other hand people passionately devoted to a hobby or sport or their work will endure without complaint conditions which less ardent folk think outrageously insupportable.Ex. However, in producing a bulletin one is often torn between including the scanty, undigested and possibly inaccurate details of a new proposal and holding fire until fuller information is available, and thereby missing a publication deadline.Ex. Have reading foisted on you as a duty, a task to be put up with, from which you expect no delight, and it can appear a drab business gladly to be given up.Ex. A dam at the Strait of Gibraltar could be constructed to limit the outflow and reverse the climate deterioration, thus holding off the next ice age.Ex. Thus far the oil companies have stood the gaff well, considering the burden thrown on them by declining prices and mounting stocks.Ex. Early man couldn't stomach milk, according to research.Ex. The small publishers seem to be weathering the industry changes, and have expectations of growth.Ex. The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.----* aguantar con resignación = take it on + the chin.* aguantar el acoso de = run + the gauntlet of.* aguantar el aliento = hold + Posesivo + breath.* aguantar estoicamente = weather, take it on + the chin.* aguantar hasta el final = stick it out.* aguantar la respiración = hold + Posesivo + breath.* aguantarlo = live with it.* aguantarlo bien = take it in + Posesivo + stride.* aguantar mecha = stick it out, stand + the gaff.* aguantarse = hold + Posesivo + horses.* aguantar un golpe = take + a hit.* aguántate = lump it.* no aguantar más = have had enough.* no aguantar ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.* no poder aguantar a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* no puedo aguantarlo = can't take it.* no voy a aguantarlo más = not going to take it any more.* si no aguantas el calor, sal de la cocina = if you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.* si no te gusta, te aguantas = like it or lump it, if you don't like it you can lump it.* tener que aguantar Algo = be stuck with, get + stuck with.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <dolor/sufrimiento> to bear, endure2)a) <peso/carga> to support, bear; < presión> to withstandb) ( durar)estas botas aguantarán otro invierno — these boots will last (me/you/him) another winter
3) ( sostener) to hold4) (contener, reprimir) <risa/lágrimas> to hold back2.aguantar vicon ese tren de vida no hay salud que aguante — that sort of lifestyle would be enough to destroy anyone's health
3.¿puedes aguantar hasta que lleguemos? — can you hang o hold on until we arrive?
aguantarse v pron1) (conformarse, resignarse)me tendré que aguantar — I'll just have to put up with it
si no le gusta, que se aguante — if he doesn't like it, he can lump it (colloq)
2) (euf) (reprimirse, contenerse)aguántate un poquito que ya llegamos — just hold o hang on a minute, we'll soon be there
3) (AmL fam) ( esperarse) to hang on (colloq)* * *= stand up to, bear, withstand, endure, hold + fire, put up with, hold off, stand + the gaff, stomach, weather, hold + Nombre + in.Ex: However, he would prefer a binding that will stand up to being stuffed into after-hours book drops and being hauled from one library to another.
Ex: One is tempted to say that the enthusiasts for postcoordinate systems, being forced to admit reluctantly that control was necessary, couldn't bear to use the old-fashioned term 'list of subject headings'.Ex: While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.Ex: On the other hand people passionately devoted to a hobby or sport or their work will endure without complaint conditions which less ardent folk think outrageously insupportable.Ex: However, in producing a bulletin one is often torn between including the scanty, undigested and possibly inaccurate details of a new proposal and holding fire until fuller information is available, and thereby missing a publication deadline.Ex: Have reading foisted on you as a duty, a task to be put up with, from which you expect no delight, and it can appear a drab business gladly to be given up.Ex: A dam at the Strait of Gibraltar could be constructed to limit the outflow and reverse the climate deterioration, thus holding off the next ice age.Ex: Thus far the oil companies have stood the gaff well, considering the burden thrown on them by declining prices and mounting stocks.Ex: Early man couldn't stomach milk, according to research.Ex: The small publishers seem to be weathering the industry changes, and have expectations of growth.Ex: The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.* aguantar con resignación = take it on + the chin.* aguantar el acoso de = run + the gauntlet of.* aguantar el aliento = hold + Posesivo + breath.* aguantar estoicamente = weather, take it on + the chin.* aguantar hasta el final = stick it out.* aguantar la respiración = hold + Posesivo + breath.* aguantarlo = live with it.* aguantarlo bien = take it in + Posesivo + stride.* aguantar mecha = stick it out, stand + the gaff.* aguantarse = hold + Posesivo + horses.* aguantar un golpe = take + a hit.* aguántate = lump it.* no aguantar más = have had enough.* no aguantar ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.* no poder aguantar a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* no puedo aguantarlo = can't take it.* no voy a aguantarlo más = not going to take it any more.* si no aguantas el calor, sal de la cocina = if you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.* si no te gusta, te aguantas = like it or lump it, if you don't like it you can lump it.* tener que aguantar Algo = be stuck with, get + stuck with.* * *aguantar [A1 ]vtA1(tolerar, soportar): aguanto bien el calor I can take the heattuvieron que aguantar temperaturas altísimas en el desierto they had to endure extremely high temperatures in the deserty como no tengo donde ir tengo que aguantar sus bromas estúpidas and since I have nowhere to go I have to put up with o suffer his stupid jokesaguantó el dolor con gran fortaleza she bore o endured the pain very bravelylo aguantó durante años she put up with him for yearsno tengo por qué aguantar que me traten así I don't have to stand for this kind of treatment, I don't have to put up with being treated like thisa ése le aguantan todo porque es el hijo del jefe he gets away with anything because he's the boss's sonaguantó su mirada un momento y desvió los ojos he held her stare for a moment, then averted his eyes2(uso hiperbólico): este calor no hay quien lo aguante this heat is unbearableno sabes aguantar una broma you can't take a jokeno puedo aguantarlo I can't stand himno puedo aguantar este dolor de muelas this toothache's unbearableB1 ‹peso/presión›aguanta todo el peso del tejado it supports o bears the whole weight of the roofel puente no aguanta más de cierto tonelaje the bridge will only withstand o take o stand a certain tonnageno aguantó la presión it didn't take o withstand the pressureel mástil no aguantaría otra embestida del viento the mast wouldn't stand up to o take another gustella aguanta el doble que yo bebiendo she can take twice as much drink as I can2(durar): estas botas aguantarán otro invierno these boots will last (me/you/him) another winterconstrucciones que han aguantado el paso del tiempo buildings that have survived the passing of timeaguantó tres meses en ese trabajo he lasted three months in that jobC (sostener) to holdaguántame los paquetes mientras compro las entradas hold (on to) the parcels for me while I buy the ticketsuna cuña para aguantar la puerta a wedge to hold the door openD (contener, reprimir) ‹risa/lágrimas› to hold backaguanta la respiración todo lo que puedas hold your breath for as long as you canya no aguanto las ganas de decírselo I can't resist the temptation to tell him any longer■ aguantarvi¡ya no aguanto más! yo renuncio I can't take any more! I quitcon ese tren de vida no hay salud que aguante that sort of lifestyle would be enough to destroy anyone's health¿puedes aguantar hasta que lleguemos? can you hang o hold on until we arrive?no puedo aguantar hasta enero con este abrigo I can't last till January with this coat, this coat won't last me till Januarytenemos que aguantar hasta fin de mes con este dinero we have to make this money last o stretch till the end of the month, we have to get by on o manage on o survive on this money till the end of the monthno creo que este clavo aguante I don't think this nail will holdA(conformarse, resignarse): no me apetece ir pero me tendré que aguantar I don't feel like going, but I'll just have to grin and bear it o put up with itsi no le gusta, que se aguante if he doesn't like it, he can lump it ( colloq)me he quedado sin cena — te aguantas, por no haber llegado antes there's no dinner left for me — tough, you should have got(ten) here earlier ( colloq)B ( euf)(reprimirse, contenerse): aguántate un poquito que enseguida llegamos just hold o hang on a minute, we'll soon be thereya no se aguanta las ganas de abrir los paquetes he can't resist the temptation to open the packages any longerse aguantó hasta que no pudo más y se lo dijo todo she kept quiet as long as she could and then she told him everything* * *
aguantar ( conjugate aguantar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹dolor/sufrimiento› to bear, endure;
no tengo por qué aguantar esto I don't have to put up with this;
este calor no hay quien lo aguante this heat is unbearable;
no sabes aguantar una broma you can't take a joke;
no los aguanto I can't stand them;
no puedo aguantar este dolor de muelas this toothache's unbearable
2
‹ presión› to withstandb) ( durar):◊ estas botas aguantarán otro invierno these boots will last (me/you/him) another winter
3 ( sostener) to hold
4 (contener, reprimir) ‹risa/lágrimas› to hold back;
verbo intransitivo:◊ ¡ya no aguanto más! I can't take any more!;
no creo que este clavo aguante I don't think this nail will hold
aguantarse verbo pronominal
1 (conformarse, resignarse):◊ me tendré que aguantar I'll just have to put up with it;
si no le gusta, que se aguante if he doesn't like it, he can lump it (colloq)
2 (euf) (reprimirse, contenerse):
aguántate un poquito que ya llegamos just hold o hang on a minute, we'll soon be there
3 (AmL fam) ( esperarse) to hang on (colloq)
aguantar
I verbo transitivo
1 (soportar, tolerar) to tolerate: no puedo aguantar más tu prepotencia, I can't stand your arrogance any longer ➣ Ver nota en bear y stand
2 (sujetar) to support, hold: por favor, aguanta la escalera mientras cambio la bombilla, please hold the ladder while I change the bulb
3 (reprimirse) aguantó la respiración tres minutos, he held his breath for three minutes
II verbo intransitivo
1 (durar) to last
2 (soportar) aguanta un poco más, hold on a bit longer
' aguantar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
calibre
- mecha
- pasar
- resistir
- saber
- sufrir
- tipo
- soplar
- tragar
English:
abide
- bear
- bear up
- brave
- bullet
- endure
- going
- hang on
- hold
- hold on
- hold out
- last
- pace
- put up with
- ride out
- ridicule
- sit out
- sit through
- stand
- stay
- stick
- stick out
- stomach
- suffer
- sweat out
- take
- go
- hang
- keep
- put
- ride
- sit
- stuck
- support
- tolerate
* * *♦ vt1. [sostener] to hold;aguanta los libros mientras limpio la estantería hold the books while I dust the shelf2. [peso, presión] to bear;esa estantería no va a aguantar el peso de los libros that shelf won't take the weight of the books;la presa no aguantará otro terremoto the dam won't withstand another earthquake;está aguantando bien las presiones she's holding o bearing up well under the pressure3. [tolerar, soportar] to bear, to stand;estas plantas no aguantan bien el calor these plants don't like the heat;no aguantó el ritmo de sus rivales she couldn't keep up with her rivals;a tu hermana no hay quien la aguante your sister's unbearable;no puedo aguantarlo, no lo aguanto I can't bear him;no sé cómo la aguantas I don't know how you put up with her;ya no aguanto más este dolor this pain is unbearable;no sabe aguantar una broma he doesn't know how to take a joke4. [tiempo] to hold out for;aguantó dos meses en el desierto he survived for two months in the desert;no creo que aguante mucho tiempo fuera su país I don't think he'll be able to last long abroad;¿cuánto tiempo aguantas sin fumar un cigarillo? how long can you go without smoking a cigarette?;este abrigo me ha aguantado cinco años this coat has lasted me five years5. [contener] [respiración, mirada] to hold;[risa] to contain;debes aguantar la respiración para hacerte la radiografía you'll have to hold your breath when you have the X-ray;apenas pude aguantar la risa it was all I could do not to laugh♦ vi1. [tiempo] to hold on;aguanta un poco más, en seguida nos vamos hold on a bit longer, we'll be going soon;no aguanto más – necesito un vaso de agua I can't take any more, I need a glass of water;¡ya no aguanto más, vámonos! I've had enough, let's go!2. [resistir] to last;estas botas aguantarán hasta al año que viene these boots should last me till next year;aguantar hasta el final to stay the course o the distance;a pesar de estar lesionado, aguantó hasta el final despite his injury, he carried on until the end3. Taurom to stand firm* * *I v/t1 un peso bear, support2 respiración hold3 ( soportar) put up with;no lo puedo aguantar I can’t stand o bear itII v/i:no aguanto más I can’t take (it) any more, I can’t bear it any longer* * *aguantar vt1) soportar: to bear, to tolerate, to withstand2) : to hold3)aguantar las ganas : to resist an urgeno pude aguantar las ganas de reír: I couldn't keep myself from laughingaguantar vi: to hold out, to last* * *aguantar vb4. (durar) to lastaguanta, que falta poco hold on, we're nearly there6. (en la mano) to hold¿me aguantas la carpeta un momento? can you hold my folder for a minute? -
8 tener
v.1 to have.tengo un hermano I have o I've got a brothertener fiebre to have a temperaturetuvieron una pelea they had a fighttener un niño to have a baby¡que tengan buen viaje! have a good journey!tengo las vacaciones en agosto my holidays are in AugustYo tengo una casa I have a house.El carro tuvo un accidente The car had an accident.Esto tiene azúcar This has=is made of sugar.Yo tengo dos hijos I have=am the parent of two sons.Tengo un primo I have a cousin,Ella tuvo una gran idea She had a great idea.Yo tengo paperas I have=suffer from the mumps.Tengo un ataque de nervios I am having a nervous fit.Ella tiene su aprobación She has=meets with his approval.2 to be.tiene 3 metros de ancho it's 3 meters wide¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you?tiene diez años she's ten (years old)tener hambre/miedo to be hungry/afraidtener mal humor to be bad-temperedle tiene lástima he feels sorry for her3 to get (recibir) (mensaje, regalo, visita, sensación).tuve un verdadero desengaño I was really disappointedtendrá una sorpresa he'll get a surprise4 to hold.tenlo por el asa hold it by the handleElla tiene su bolso She holds her purse.5 to offer, to have.* * *Present IndicativePast IndicativeFuture IndicativeConditionalPresent SubjunctiveImperfect SubjunctiveFuture SubjunctiveImperative* * *verb1) to have2) hold3) own, possess4) feel•- tener que
- tenerse por* * *Para las expresiones como tener cuidado, tener ganas, tener suerte, tener de particular, tener en cuenta, ver la otra entrada.1. VERBO TRANSITIVOEl uso de got con el verbo have es más frecuente en inglés británico, pero solo se usa en el presente.1) (=poseer, disponer de) to have, have got¿tienes dinero? — do you have {o} have you got any money?
¿tienes un bolígrafo? — do you have {o} have you got a pen?
¿tiene usted permiso para esto? — do you have {o} have you got permission for this?
tiene un tío en Venezuela — he has an uncle in Venezuela, he's got an uncle in Venezuela
ahora no tengo tiempo — I don't have {o} I haven't got time now
2) [referido a aspecto, carácter] to have, have gottiene el pelo rubio — he has blond hair, he's got blond hair
tiene la nariz aguileña — she has an aquiline nose, she's got an aquiline nose
3) [referido a edad] to be¿cuántos años tienes? — how old are you?
4) [referido a ocupaciones] to have, have gottenemos clase de inglés a las 11 — we have an English class at 11, we've got an English class at 11
el lunes tenemos una reunión — we're having a meeting on Monday, we've got a meeting on Monday
5) (=parir) to have6) (=medir) to be7) (=sentir) + sustantivo to be + adjtener hambre/sed/calor/frío — to be hungry/thirsty/hot/cold
8) (=padecer, sufrir) to haveLuis tiene la gripe — Luis has {o} has got flu
tengo fiebre — I have {o} I've got a (high) temperature
¿qué tienes? — what's the matter with you?, what's wrong with you?
9) (=sostener) to holdtenía el pasaporte en la mano — he had his passport in his hand, he was holding his passport in his hand
tenme el vaso un momento, por favor — hold my glass for me for a moment, please
¡ten!, ¡aquí tienes! — here you are!
10) (=recibir) to have¿has tenido noticias suyas? — have you heard from her?
11) (=pensar, considerar)•
tener [a bien] hacer algo — to see fit to do sth•
tener a algn [en] algo, te tendrán en más estima — they will hold you in higher esteem•
tener a algn [por] — + adj to consider sb (to be) + adj•
ten por [seguro] que... — rest assured that...12) tener algo que ({+ infin})tengo trabajo que hacer — I have {o} I've got work to do
no tengo nada que hacer — I have {o} I've got nothing to do
eso no tiene nada que ver — that has {o} that's got nothing to do with it
13) [locuciones]•
¡[ahí] lo tienes! — there you are!, there you have it!•
tener algo [de] + adj —¿qué tiene de malo? — what's wrong with that?
•
tenerlo [difícil] — to find it difficult•
tenerlo [fácil] — to have it easy- ¿conque esas tenemos?no las tengo todas conmigo de que lo haga — I'm none too sure that he'll do it, I'm not entirely sure that he'll do it
2. VERBO AUXILIAR1) tener que ({+ infin})a) [indicando obligación]tengo que comprarlo — I have to {o} I've got to buy it, I must buy it
tenemos que marcharnos — we have to {o} we've got to go, we must be going
tienen que aumentarte el sueldo — they have to {o} they've got to give you a rise
b) [indicando suposición, probabilidad]¡tienes que estar cansadísima! — you must be really tired!
tiene que dolerte mucho ¿no? — it must hurt a lot, doesn't it?
c) [en reproches]¡tendrías que haberlo dicho antes! — you should have said so before!
¡tendría que darte vergüenza! — you should be ashamed of yourself!
¡tú tenías que ser! — it would be you!, it had to be you!
d) [en sugerencias, recomendaciones]2) + participio3) + adjme tiene perplejo la falta de noticias — the lack of news is puzzling, I am puzzled by the lack of news
4) esp Méx (=llevar)tienen tres meses de no cobrar — they haven't been paid for three months, it's three months since they've been paid
3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo [El uso de 'got' en frases como 'I've got a new dress' está mucho más extendido en el inglés británico que en el americano. Éste prefiere la forma 'I have a new dress']1) (poseer, disponer de) <dinero/trabajo/tiempo> to have¿tienen hijos? — do they have any children?, have they got any children?
no tenemos pan — we don't have any bread, we haven't got any bread
aquí tienes al culpable — here's o this is the culprit
¿conque ésas tenemos? — so that's the way things are, is it?
2)a) ( llevar encima) to have¿tiene hora? — have you got the time?
b) ( llevar puesto) to be wearing3) (hablando de actividades, obligaciones) to havetengo invitados a cenar — I have o I've got some people coming to dinner
tener... que + inf — to have... to + inf
tengo cosas que hacer — I have o I've got things to do
4)a) (señalando características, atributos) to havetiene el pelo largo — she has o she's got long hair
la casa tiene mucha luz — the house is very light o gets a lot of light
¿y eso qué tiene de malo? — and what's so bad about that?
le lleva 15 años - ¿y eso qué tiene? — (AmL fam) she's 15 years older than he is - so what does that matter?
b) ( expresando edad)¿cuántos años tienes? — how old are you?
c) ( con idea de posibilidad)5) ( dar a luz) <bebé/gemelos> to have6) (sujetar, sostener) to hold7) ( tomar)ten la llave — take o here's the key
8) ( recibir) to have9)a) ( sentir)tengo hambre/sueño/frío — I'm hungry/tired/cold
tengo el placer de... — it gives me great pleasure to...
¿qué tienes? — what's wrong?, what's the matter?
b) (refiriéndose a síntomas, enfermedades) to havetengo dolor de cabeza — I have o I've got a headache
c) (refiriéndose a experiencias, sucesos) to have10) ( refiriéndose a actitudes)ten paciencia/cuidado — be patient/careful
11) (indicando estado, situación) (+ compl)lo tiene dominado — she has him under her thumb
12) ( considerar)2.tener algo/a alguien por algo: se lo tiene por el mejor he/it is considered (to be) the best; siempre lo tuve por tímido I always thought he was shy; ten por seguro que lo hará — you can be sure he'll do it
tener v aux1)a) (expresando obligación, necesidad)tener que + inf — to have (got) to + inf
tengo que estudiar hoy — I have to o I must study today
b) (expresando propósito, recomendación)tener que + inf: tenemos que ir a verla we must go and see her; tengo que hacer ejercicio I must get some exercise; tendrías que llamarlo — you should ring him
2) ( expresando certeza)tener que + inf: tiene que estar en este cajón it must be in this drawer; tiene que haber sido él it must have been him; tú tenías que ser! — it had to be you!
3) ( con participio pasado)¿tiene previsto asistir? — do you plan to attend?
tengo entendido que sí viene — I understand he is coming
4) (AmL) ( en expresiones de tiempo)3.tenerse v pron1) ( sostenerse)no tenerse de sueño — to be dead o asleep on one's feet
2) (refl) ( considerarse)tenerse por algo: se tiene por muy inteligente — he considers himself to be very intelligent
* * *= bear, contain, have, hold, own, carry, have got, have + in place, live with, have at + Posesivo + disposal, possess.Ex. Use a uniform title for an entry if the item bears a title proper that differs from the uniform title.Ex. The label contains information about the record, indicating, for instance, its length, status, for example, new, amended, type and class.Ex. Many of the aspects of the indexing process including, in particular, term selection and search logic have common features.Ex. If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.Ex. For example, a person can consult the system holdings files to find out whether a library in the network owns a copy of the document.Ex. Europe Environment carries useful reports on the activities of the lobby groups in the environmental, consumer protection and research fields.Ex. Typical examples of enquiries of this kind that could be satisfied within minutes in any decently stocked library are ' Have you got anything on organising weddings?' 'Can you find me something on the history of paddle-steamers?'.Ex. The first country to have in place an operational domestic geostationary satellite communications system was Canada.Ex. Medical advances are improving the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, while prevention remains the key to stopping the spread of this disease.Ex. But this would require time and competencies, which not all policy makers have at their disposal.Ex. Not every index necessarily exhibits all the features of either of these types of indexing systems, and indeed, some will possess elements of both types of systems.----* acabar teniendo = end up with.* acontecimiento + tener lugar = occurrence + take place.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* aquí tiene(s) = here is/are.* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.* curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.* dar gracias por lo que Uno tiene = count + Posesivo + blessings.* del que se tiene constancia = recorded.* demostrar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point.* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.* empezar a tener dudas = get + cold feet.* empezar a tener sentido = become + meaningful.* estudiar + Nombre + teniendo en cuenta + Nombre = place + Nombre + against the background of + Nombre.* hacer que tenga más valor = put + a premium on.* hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* mujer que tiene mucho mundo = a woman of the world.* necesitarse tener en cuenta = need + consideration.* negar tener relación con = disclaim + connection with.* no querer tener nada que ver con = want + nothing to do with.* no tener alternativa = have + no choice.* no tener apetito = be off + Posesivo + food, be off + Posesivo + oats.* no tener constancia de Algo = unrecorded.* no tener donde caerse muerto = not have two pennies to rub together.* no tener dos dedos de frente = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush.* no tener dos dedos de frnete = knucklehead.* no tener en cuenta = disregard, overlook, skip over, be oblivious of/to, close + the door on, leave + Nombre + out of the picture, fly in + the face of, drop + Nombre + out of the picture.* no tener errores = be error-free.* no tener éxito = come up with + nothing, prove + unsuccessful, be unsuccessful.* no tener fin = there + be + no end to.* no tener fronteras = have + no boundaries.* no tener fundamento = be unfounded.* no tener ganas = can't/couldn't be bothered, can't/couldn't be bothered.* no tener ganas de comer = be off + Posesivo + food, be off + Posesivo + oats.* no tener hijos = be childless.* no tener hogar = be homeless.* no tener idea = have + no clue, have + no idea.* no tener idea de = be clueless about, have + no understanding of.* no tener importancia = be of no importance, make + no difference, be of no consequence.* no tener información = be undocumented.* no tener la más mínima idea sobre Algo = Negativo + have + the foggiest idea.* no tener la menor importancia = be of no particular concern.* no tener la necesidad de usar Algo = have + no use for.* no tener la obligación de = be under no obligation.* no tener la preparación = be untrained.* no tener límite = have + no limit.* no tener límites = be boundless.* no tener lugar = fall through.* no tener más alternativa que = have + no other option but.* no tener más opción que = have + little choice but, have + no other option but.* no tener más remedio que = be stuck with, be left with the need to, get + stuck with.* no tener nada en contra de = have + no quarrel with, have + nothing against.* no tener nada en contra de Algo = have + no quarrel about + Nombre.* no tener nada que perder = have + nothing to lose.* no tener nada que ver con = be irrelevant to.* no tener ni idea sobre Algo = not know the first thing about.* no tener ni la más mínima posibilidad = not to have a prayer.* no tener ni la más remota posibilidad = not to have a prayer.* no tener ningún escrúpulo en = have + no qualms about.* no tener ningún fundamento = not have a leg to stand on.* no tener ningún interés = can't/couldn't be bothered.* no tener ningún problema con = be okay with.* no tener ningún remilgo en = have + no qualms about.* no tener ningún reparo = have + no qualms about.* no tener ni pies ni cabeza = be pointless.* no tener ni punto de comparación = be in a different league.* no tener ni puta idea = not get + Posesivo + shit together.* no tener ni puta idea sobre Algo = not know the first thing about.* no tener ni un pelo de tonto = there are no flies (on/about) + Pronombre.* no tener ni voz ni voto en = have + no say in.* no tener noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.* no tener opción = have + no choice.* no tener otra alternativa = have + no choice.* no tener otra alternativa que = have + no other option but.* no tener otra opción = have + no choice.* no tener otra opción que = have + no other option but.* no tener otro objetivo que el de = have + no other purpose than.* no tener otro sitio donde recurrir = have + nowhere else to turn.* no tener parangón = be unequalled, be without peer.* no tener pelos en la lengua = call + a spade a spade.* no tener posibilidades = be dead meat.* no tener prejuicios = be open-minded.* no tener presente = be oblivious of/to.* no tener que ir muy lejos = not have to look far.* no tener razón = be wrong.* no tener razón de ser + Infinitivo = there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.* no tener reparos = make + no bones about + Algo.* no tener reparos en admitir que = make + no bones about + Algo.* no tener representación = be unrepresented.* no tener respuesta = be unanswerable.* no tener rival = be second to none.* no tener rumbo = lose + Posesivo + way.* no tener salida = be stuck, get + stuck.* no tenerse en pie = Negativo + hold + water.* no tener sentido = be meaningless, be pointless, be senseless.* no tener sentido el + Infinitivo = there + be + no point in + Gerundio.* no tener sentido + Infinitivo = there + be + little point in + Gerundio, there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.* no tener suerte = be out of luck.* no tener tiempo de nada = have + not a moment to spare.* no tener trabajo = be unemployed.* no tener trascendencia = be of no consequence.* no tener un duro = not have a bean.* no tener valor = be valueless.* no tener vida privada = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.* no terminar nunca de tener problemas con = have + no end of problems with.* ¡Ojalá tuviera...! = I wish I had....* ¡Ojalá tuviese...! = I wish I had....* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* que no tiene compensación = non-compensatory [noncompensatory].* que no tiene precio = priceless.* que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.* que tiene precio = priced.* que tiene sentido = meaningful.* que tiene solución = solvable.* revista que tiene una gran demanda popular = mass-market journal.* sin tener = in the absence of.* sin tener en cuenta = never mind, without regard to, independently of, disregarding, not including.* sin tener en cuenta el hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.* sin tener que recurrir a = without recourse to.* tenemos intereses en ambas partes = our feet are in both worlds.* tener a Alguien metido en un puño = have + Nombre + under + Posesivo + thumb.* tener a cargo de uno = have + as + Posesivo + charge.* tener acceso a información confidencial = be on the inside.* tener acuerdos con = have + deals with.* tener afinidades = share + common ground.* tener aire acondiconado = be air-conditioned.* tener a la disposición de Uno = have at + Posesivo + disposal.* tener al alcance = have at + Posesivo + touch.* tener Algo al alcance = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener algo a mano = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener + Algo + a + Posesivo + entera disposición = have + the run of the + Nombre.* tener Algo bajo el control de Uno = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + command.* tener Algo claro = clarify + Posesivo + mind.* tener Algo en común = have + Nombre + in common, share + Nombre + in common.* tener algo en contra de = have + something against.* tener Algo fácilmente accesible = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener Algo hecho a la medida de uno = have + Nombre + cut out.* tener algo muy vivo en la mente de uno = be strong in + mind.* tener algo que decir sobre = have + a say in.* tener algo que ver con = have + something to do with.* tener algo reservado = have + something up + Posesivo + sleeve.* tener alguna incidencia en = have + some bearing on.* tener alguna posibilidad = have + a fighting chance.* tener alguna posibilidad de triunfar = have + a fighting chance.* tener alguna relevancia para = have + some bearing on.* tener alucinaciones = hallucinate.* tener a mano = have at + Posesivo + touch, have + on call, have + to hand, keep within + reach, be to hand.* tener ansias de = crave, crave for.* tener antecedentes de = have + a track record of.* tener antojo de = crave, crave for.* tener a + Posesivo + cargo = have + in + Posesivo + charge.* tener aspecto = look.* tener atrasos = be in arrears.* tener aversión a = have + aversion to.* tener beneficios = have + benefits.* tener buena mano con las plantas = have + a green thumb, have + green fingers.* tener buen apetito = have + a good appetite.* tener buenas intenciones = be well-intentioned, mean + well.* tener buenas perspectivas para = be well-placed to.* tener buen ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a good judge of character.* tener bulla = be in a hurry.* tener cabida para = hold, accommodate, include, take.* tener calentura = have + a temperature, have + a fever.* tener características en común = share + similarities.* tener cara de muerto = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener carencias = find + wanting.* tener carta blanca = have + carte-blanche.* tener causa justificada = have + good cause.* tener cautela = proceed + with caution.* tener celos = feel + jealous.* tener claro = be clear in your mind.* tener coherencia = cohere.* tener cólicos = be colicky.* tener como consecuencia = result (in).* tener como equivalente = have + counterpart.* tener como motivo central = plan around + Nombre.* tener como objetivo = have + as + Posesivo + objective, be in business for.* tener como sede = headquarter (at/in).* tener compasión de = have + compassion for.* tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.* tener consecuencias = have + consequences.* tener consecuencias en = have + implication for.* tener consecuencias negativas = backfire.* tener contacto = have + contact.* tener contactos = liaise (with/between).* tener controlado a Alguien = have + Nombre + on the run.* tener control sobre = have + hold on.* tener coraje = pluck up + courage, gather up + courage.* tener correlación con = bear + correlation with.* tener correspondencia = bear + correspondence (to).* tener cosas en común = share + common ground.* tener cualidades + Adjetivo = be of + Adjetivo + quality.* tener cuidado = exercise + care, exercise + caution, proceed + with caution, watch out, take + caution.* tener cuidado con = watch for, beware (of/that), look out for, be wary of.* tener cuidado con lo que se dice = say + the right thing.* tener cuidado con lo que Uno dice = watch + Posesivo + mouth, watch what + say.* tener cuidado de = be careful, be chary of, take + (great) pains to.* tener cuidado (de que) = take + care (that).* tener cultivos = grow + crops.* tener debilidad por = have + a soft spot for.* tener delante = have + before.* tener demasiada prisa = be in too much of a hurry, be in too much of a rush.* tener derecho a = be entitled to, have + a right to, entitle to, have + the right to, have + a say in.* tener derecho a expresar + Posesivo + opinión = be entitled to + Posesivo + own opinion.* tener derecho de paso = have + the right of way.* tener dificultad = struggle, experience + difficulty, be hard pressed.* tener dificultad de + Infinitivo = have + difficulty + Gerundio, have + difficulty in + Gerundio.* tener dificultad en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* tener dificultades = have + a hard time, have + a tough time.* tener dinero a punta pala = roll in + Dinero.* tener dominado a Alguien = have + Nombre + on the run.* tener dudas = be doubtful, have + misgivings, have + reservations (about), be suspicious.* tener dudas sobre = be ambivalent about.* tener efecto = take + effect, have + effect.* tener efecto sobre = impinge on/upon.* tener el atrevimiento de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener el corazón de un león = have + the heart of a lion.* tener el deber de = have + a responsibility to.* tener el derecho de = have + the right to.* tener el descaro de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener el destino de = suffer + the fate of.* tener el estatus profesional de + Nombre = have + Nombre + status.* tener el gusto de = take + pleasure.* tener el hábito de = have + the habit of.* tener el honor de = have + the honour of.* tener el lujo = have + luxury.* tener el mando = rule + the roost.* tener el mejor aspecto posible = look + Posesivo + best.* tener el mismo destino = suffer + the same fate.* tener el mono = suffer from + withdrawal symptoms.* tener el placer de = take + pleasure.* tener el plazo cumplido = be due.* tener el plazo vencido = be overdue.* tener el poder = be the boss, call + the shots, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener el poder de = have + the power to.* tener el toque mágico = have + the magic touch.* tener el valor = have + the courage.* tener el valor de = have + the guts to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener en común = hold in + common, tread + common ground.* tener en común con = partake (in/of).* tener en consideración = take into + consideration, take into + consideration.* tener en cuenta = allow for, bear in + mind, cater for/to, consider (as), heed, make + allowances, take + account of, take + cognisance of, take + cognition of, take into + account, take into + consideration, make + provision for, bring into + play, give + an ear to, factor, have + regard for, factor in, be aware of, note, keep in + mind.* tener en cuenta las posibilidades de Algo = consider + possibilities.* tener en cuenta un punto de vista = take into + account + viewpoint, contemplate + view.* tener en funcionamiento = have + in effect.* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.* tener en mente = bear in + mind, have + in mind, keep in + mind.* tener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.* tener en reserva = hold in + reserve.* tener entre manos = be up to.* tener envidia de = envy.* tener errores = be flawed.* tener éxito = achieve + success, be successful, get + anywhere, meet + success, prove + successful, succeed, attain + appeal, be a success, find + success, come up + trumps, prove + trumps, take off, meet with + success, hit + the big time, be popular, go + strong.* tener éxito en el mundo = succeed in + the world.* tener éxito en la vida = succeed in + life, get on in + life.* tener expectativas = hold + expectations, have + expectations.* tener experiencia = have + experience.* tener fácilmente accesible = have at + Posesivo + touch.* tener fallos = be flawed.* tener fe = have + faith (in).* tener fe en = have + faith (in).* tener fiebre = have + a temperature, have + a fever.* tener fijación por = be hipped (on/to), get hipped (on/to).* tener flatulencia = pass + gas, break + wind, pass + wind.* tener forma + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in shape.* tener frenillo = lisp.* tener fundamento para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.* tener futuro = have + potential, there + be + a future for/in, have + a future.* tener ganada la mitad de la batalla = be half the battle.* tener ganada sólo la mitad de la batalla = be only half the battle.* tener ganas de = be keen to, have + an/the inclination to.* tener ganas de + Infinitivo = feel like + Gerundio.* tener gancho = be engaging.* tener gastos = incur + costs.* tener gastos generales = incur + overheads.* tener gran éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener gran importancia = be of high significance.* tener gran repercusión = be far reaching.* tener hambre = be hungry, feel + hungry.* tener hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* tener hijos = father + children, have + children.* tener hipo = hiccup.* tener horario ajustado = be under time constraint.* tener horror a = loathe, hate.* tener idea = have + a clue.* tener impacto = make + impact.* tener impacto (sobre) = have + impact (on).* tener implicaciones para = have + implication for.* tener importancia = carry + weight, have + high profile, be of consequence.* tener indigestión = have + indigestion.* tener influencias = have + pull.* tener influencia sobre = have + hold on.* tener iniciativa = be proactive.* tener intereses en = have + a stake in.* tener intereses en juego = have + invested.* tener interés por = have + an interest in.* tener interés por/en = be interested in.* tener inventiva = be inventive.* tener jurisdicción = have + jurisdiction (over).* tener la autoridad = have + mandate.* tener la bragueta abierta = fly + be undone.* tener la capacidad de = have + the potential (to/for).* tener la cara de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la cara descompuesta = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener la categoría profesional de + Nombre = hold + Nombre + rank, have + Nombre + rank, enjoy + Nombre + rank.* tener la certeza de = feel + confident.* tener la certeza de que = rest + assured that.* tener la conciencia limpia = have + a clear conscience.* tener la conciencia tranquila = have + a clear conscience.* tener la convicción = it + be + Posesivo + understanding.* tener la costumbre de = have + a habit of, have + the habit of.* tener la costumbre de + Infinitivo = be in the habit of + Gerundio.* tener la cuenta bancaria = bank.* tener la culpa (por/de) = be at fault (for/to).* tener la culpa de Algo que se ha causado Uno mismo = be of + Posesivo + own making.* tener la desfachatez de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la desvergüenza de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la doble función = double as, double up as.* tener la facultad de = have + powers to.* tener la fama de = have + a good record for.* tener la fecha de + Fecha = be dated + Fecha.* tener la frescura de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la función de = be in the business of.* tener la impresión = have + the impression, get + the impression.* tener la impresión de que = get + the feeling that.* tener la intención de = be intended to, intend, mean.* tener la intención de + Infinitivo = set out to + Infinitivo.* tener la libertad de = be at liberty to, feel + free to.* tener la libertard de/para = have + the latitude to.* tener la malafortuna de = have + the misfortune to.* tener la mirada perdida = stare into + space, gaze into + space.* tener la misma importancia = carry + equal weight.* tener la obligación de = be under the obligation to.* tener la ocasión de = have + opportunity to.* tener la oficina central en = headquarter (at/in).* tener la opinión = it + be + Posesivo + understanding.* tener la oportunidad = have + the opportunity.* tener la oportunidad de = get + (a/the) + chance to, have + opportunity to, get + a chance to.* tener la osadía de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la paciencia del santo Job = have + the patience of Job.* tener la paciencia de un santo = have + the patience of a saint.* tener la posibilidad de = have + chance.* tener la potestad = have + mandate.* tener la potestad de = have + the power to, have + the right to.* tener lapsus = have + lapses.* tener la reputación de ser = be well known for.* tener la responsabilidad = charge, undertake + burden.* tener la responsabilidad de = have + the responsibility of.* tener la sartén por el mango = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener la seguridad de = have + the security of.* tener la seguridad de que = rest + assured that.* tener la sensación de que = have + a gut feeling that.* tener las mismas prerrogativas = have + an equal voice in.* tener las riendas de = hold + the reins of.* tener las riendas del poder = hold + the reins of power.* tener lástima = pity.* tener lástima de = take + pity on.* tener la tentación de = be tempted to.* tener la última palabra = have + the ultimate say, have + the final say, call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener la vista cansada = need + reading glasses.* tenerle manía a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tenerle rabia a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tenerle tirria a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tener libertad = have + freedom.* tener libertad sobre = have + wide discretion over.* tenerlo crudo = not be easy.* tenerlo difícil = not be easy, not be easy.* tenerlo duro = not be easy.* tenerlo fácil = have + an easy ride.* tener lo mejor de ambos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.* tener lo mejor de los dos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.* tener lo que hace falta = have + what it takes.* tener lo que hay que tener = have + what it takes.* tener lo que se necesita = have + what it takes.* tener los días contados = day + be + numbered, be doomed, doomed, be dead meat, the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* tener los nervios de punta = have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* tener los nervios en el estómago = have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* tener los pies firmemente en el suelo = feet + be + firmly planted on the ground.* tenerlo todo = have + the best of both worlds.* tenerlo todo hecho = have + an easy ride.* tener lugar = take + place, go on, come to + pass.* tener madera de = be cut out for.* tener mala fama por = hold in + disrepute, be infamous for.* tener malas conexiones con = have + poor connections with.* tener malas intenciones = be up to no good, get up to + no good.* tener mal de amores = be lovesick.* tener mal ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a bad judge of character.* tener más paciencia que el santo Job = have + the patience of Job.* tener más paciencia que un santo = have + the patience of a saint.* tener mérito = be meritorious.* tener miedo = be afraid, be in fear, frighten.* tener miedo a = be scared of.* tener miedo a Alguien = regard + Nombre + with fear.* tener motivo = be right.* tener motivo justificado = have + good cause.* tener motivo para = have + cause to.* tener movilidad = be mobile.* tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucha ilusión = be thrilled.* tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.* tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucho carácter = be full of character.* tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.* tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.* tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.* tener muy mala cara = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener niños = have + children.* tener + Nombre = be not without + Nombre.* tener noticias de = hear from.* tener + Número + Período de Tiempo = be + Período de Tiempo + old.* tener obligación = have + obligation.* tener obsesión con = be hipped (on/to), get hipped (on/to).* tener ojeras = have + bags under + Posesivo + eyes.* tener ojos en la nuca = have + eyes in the back of + Posesivo + head.* tener opinión = take + view.* tener paciencia = be patient.* tener paciencia con = bear with + Pronombre.* tener palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* tener paralelo = have + parallel.* tener pelos en la lengua = mince + words.* tener pérdidas = make + a loss.* tener perplejo = stump.* tener plena conciencia de = be fully aware of.* tener poca información = be information poor.* tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.* tener pocas posibilidades de = have + little recourse.* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.* tener poco valor = be of little value.* tener por costumbre + Infinitivo = be in the habit of + Gerundio.* tener por término medio = average.* tener posibilidades = stand + chance, be in with a chance.* tener potencial = have + potential.* tener precaución de = be chary of.* tener precedencia = take + priority.* tener preferencia = be preferential, have + the right of way.* tener preferencia (sobre) = take + precedence (over).* tener presente = be mindful of/that, bear in + mind, consider (as), keep in + focus, keep in + mind, make + consideration, mind, make + provision for, have + regard for, be aware of.* tener presente las posibilidades de Algo = consider + possibilities.* tener prioridad = trump.* tener prisa = be in a hurry.* tener problema con Algo = experience + trouble with.* tener problemas = have + problems.* tener problemas con = fall + foul of, run + afoul of problems, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.* tener problemas con la ley = fall + foul of the law, go + afoul of the law, fall + afoul of the law.* tener programado su comienzo = be scheduled to start.* tener programado su finalización = be scheduled for completion.* tener pros y contras = be a mixed blessing.* tener que = have to, hafta [have to].* tener que aguantar Algo = be stuck with, get + stuck with.* tener que arreglárselas solo = leave (up) to + Posesivo + own resources, leave to + Posesivo + own devices.* tener que cargar con = be stuck with, saddle with, get + stuck with.* tener que cargar con el peso de = be burdened with.* tener que cargar con el peso de la tradición = be burdened with + tradition.* tener que competir con = face + competition from.* tener + que felicitar a Alguien = have to hand it to + Nombre.* tener que ocurrir = be boun.* * *1.verbo transitivo [El uso de 'got' en frases como 'I've got a new dress' está mucho más extendido en el inglés británico que en el americano. Éste prefiere la forma 'I have a new dress']1) (poseer, disponer de) <dinero/trabajo/tiempo> to have¿tienen hijos? — do they have any children?, have they got any children?
no tenemos pan — we don't have any bread, we haven't got any bread
aquí tienes al culpable — here's o this is the culprit
¿conque ésas tenemos? — so that's the way things are, is it?
2)a) ( llevar encima) to have¿tiene hora? — have you got the time?
b) ( llevar puesto) to be wearing3) (hablando de actividades, obligaciones) to havetengo invitados a cenar — I have o I've got some people coming to dinner
tener... que + inf — to have... to + inf
tengo cosas que hacer — I have o I've got things to do
4)a) (señalando características, atributos) to havetiene el pelo largo — she has o she's got long hair
la casa tiene mucha luz — the house is very light o gets a lot of light
¿y eso qué tiene de malo? — and what's so bad about that?
le lleva 15 años - ¿y eso qué tiene? — (AmL fam) she's 15 years older than he is - so what does that matter?
b) ( expresando edad)¿cuántos años tienes? — how old are you?
c) ( con idea de posibilidad)5) ( dar a luz) <bebé/gemelos> to have6) (sujetar, sostener) to hold7) ( tomar)ten la llave — take o here's the key
8) ( recibir) to have9)a) ( sentir)tengo hambre/sueño/frío — I'm hungry/tired/cold
tengo el placer de... — it gives me great pleasure to...
¿qué tienes? — what's wrong?, what's the matter?
b) (refiriéndose a síntomas, enfermedades) to havetengo dolor de cabeza — I have o I've got a headache
c) (refiriéndose a experiencias, sucesos) to have10) ( refiriéndose a actitudes)ten paciencia/cuidado — be patient/careful
11) (indicando estado, situación) (+ compl)lo tiene dominado — she has him under her thumb
12) ( considerar)2.tener algo/a alguien por algo: se lo tiene por el mejor he/it is considered (to be) the best; siempre lo tuve por tímido I always thought he was shy; ten por seguro que lo hará — you can be sure he'll do it
tener v aux1)a) (expresando obligación, necesidad)tener que + inf — to have (got) to + inf
tengo que estudiar hoy — I have to o I must study today
b) (expresando propósito, recomendación)tener que + inf: tenemos que ir a verla we must go and see her; tengo que hacer ejercicio I must get some exercise; tendrías que llamarlo — you should ring him
2) ( expresando certeza)tener que + inf: tiene que estar en este cajón it must be in this drawer; tiene que haber sido él it must have been him; tú tenías que ser! — it had to be you!
3) ( con participio pasado)¿tiene previsto asistir? — do you plan to attend?
tengo entendido que sí viene — I understand he is coming
4) (AmL) ( en expresiones de tiempo)3.tenerse v pron1) ( sostenerse)no tenerse de sueño — to be dead o asleep on one's feet
2) (refl) ( considerarse)tenerse por algo: se tiene por muy inteligente — he considers himself to be very intelligent
* * *= bear, contain, have, hold, own, carry, have got, have + in place, live with, have at + Posesivo + disposal, possess.Ex: Use a uniform title for an entry if the item bears a title proper that differs from the uniform title.
Ex: The label contains information about the record, indicating, for instance, its length, status, for example, new, amended, type and class.Ex: Many of the aspects of the indexing process including, in particular, term selection and search logic have common features.Ex: If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.Ex: For example, a person can consult the system holdings files to find out whether a library in the network owns a copy of the document.Ex: Europe Environment carries useful reports on the activities of the lobby groups in the environmental, consumer protection and research fields.Ex: Typical examples of enquiries of this kind that could be satisfied within minutes in any decently stocked library are ' Have you got anything on organising weddings?' 'Can you find me something on the history of paddle-steamers?'.Ex: The first country to have in place an operational domestic geostationary satellite communications system was Canada.Ex: Medical advances are improving the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, while prevention remains the key to stopping the spread of this disease.Ex: But this would require time and competencies, which not all policy makers have at their disposal.Ex: Not every index necessarily exhibits all the features of either of these types of indexing systems, and indeed, some will possess elements of both types of systems.* acabar teniendo = end up with.* acontecimiento + tener lugar = occurrence + take place.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* aquí tiene(s) = here is/are.* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.* curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.* dar gracias por lo que Uno tiene = count + Posesivo + blessings.* del que se tiene constancia = recorded.* demostrar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point.* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.* empezar a tener dudas = get + cold feet.* empezar a tener sentido = become + meaningful.* estudiar + Nombre + teniendo en cuenta + Nombre = place + Nombre + against the background of + Nombre.* hacer que tenga más valor = put + a premium on.* hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* mujer que tiene mucho mundo = a woman of the world.* necesitarse tener en cuenta = need + consideration.* negar tener relación con = disclaim + connection with.* no querer tener nada que ver con = want + nothing to do with.* no tener alternativa = have + no choice.* no tener apetito = be off + Posesivo + food, be off + Posesivo + oats.* no tener constancia de Algo = unrecorded.* no tener donde caerse muerto = not have two pennies to rub together.* no tener dos dedos de frente = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush.* no tener dos dedos de frnete = knucklehead.* no tener en cuenta = disregard, overlook, skip over, be oblivious of/to, close + the door on, leave + Nombre + out of the picture, fly in + the face of, drop + Nombre + out of the picture.* no tener errores = be error-free.* no tener éxito = come up with + nothing, prove + unsuccessful, be unsuccessful.* no tener fin = there + be + no end to.* no tener fronteras = have + no boundaries.* no tener fundamento = be unfounded.* no tener ganas = can't/couldn't be bothered, can't/couldn't be bothered.* no tener ganas de comer = be off + Posesivo + food, be off + Posesivo + oats.* no tener hijos = be childless.* no tener hogar = be homeless.* no tener idea = have + no clue, have + no idea.* no tener idea de = be clueless about, have + no understanding of.* no tener importancia = be of no importance, make + no difference, be of no consequence.* no tener información = be undocumented.* no tener la más mínima idea sobre Algo = Negativo + have + the foggiest idea.* no tener la menor importancia = be of no particular concern.* no tener la necesidad de usar Algo = have + no use for.* no tener la obligación de = be under no obligation.* no tener la preparación = be untrained.* no tener límite = have + no limit.* no tener límites = be boundless.* no tener lugar = fall through.* no tener más alternativa que = have + no other option but.* no tener más opción que = have + little choice but, have + no other option but.* no tener más remedio que = be stuck with, be left with the need to, get + stuck with.* no tener nada en contra de = have + no quarrel with, have + nothing against.* no tener nada en contra de Algo = have + no quarrel about + Nombre.* no tener nada que perder = have + nothing to lose.* no tener nada que ver con = be irrelevant to.* no tener ni idea sobre Algo = not know the first thing about.* no tener ni la más mínima posibilidad = not to have a prayer.* no tener ni la más remota posibilidad = not to have a prayer.* no tener ningún escrúpulo en = have + no qualms about.* no tener ningún fundamento = not have a leg to stand on.* no tener ningún interés = can't/couldn't be bothered.* no tener ningún problema con = be okay with.* no tener ningún remilgo en = have + no qualms about.* no tener ningún reparo = have + no qualms about.* no tener ni pies ni cabeza = be pointless.* no tener ni punto de comparación = be in a different league.* no tener ni puta idea = not get + Posesivo + shit together.* no tener ni puta idea sobre Algo = not know the first thing about.* no tener ni un pelo de tonto = there are no flies (on/about) + Pronombre.* no tener ni voz ni voto en = have + no say in.* no tener noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.* no tener opción = have + no choice.* no tener otra alternativa = have + no choice.* no tener otra alternativa que = have + no other option but.* no tener otra opción = have + no choice.* no tener otra opción que = have + no other option but.* no tener otro objetivo que el de = have + no other purpose than.* no tener otro sitio donde recurrir = have + nowhere else to turn.* no tener parangón = be unequalled, be without peer.* no tener pelos en la lengua = call + a spade a spade.* no tener posibilidades = be dead meat.* no tener prejuicios = be open-minded.* no tener presente = be oblivious of/to.* no tener que ir muy lejos = not have to look far.* no tener razón = be wrong.* no tener razón de ser + Infinitivo = there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.* no tener reparos = make + no bones about + Algo.* no tener reparos en admitir que = make + no bones about + Algo.* no tener representación = be unrepresented.* no tener respuesta = be unanswerable.* no tener rival = be second to none.* no tener rumbo = lose + Posesivo + way.* no tener salida = be stuck, get + stuck.* no tenerse en pie = Negativo + hold + water.* no tener sentido = be meaningless, be pointless, be senseless.* no tener sentido el + Infinitivo = there + be + no point in + Gerundio.* no tener sentido + Infinitivo = there + be + little point in + Gerundio, there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.* no tener suerte = be out of luck.* no tener tiempo de nada = have + not a moment to spare.* no tener trabajo = be unemployed.* no tener trascendencia = be of no consequence.* no tener un duro = not have a bean.* no tener valor = be valueless.* no tener vida privada = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.* no terminar nunca de tener problemas con = have + no end of problems with.* ¡Ojalá tuviera...! = I wish I had....* ¡Ojalá tuviese...! = I wish I had....* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* que no tiene compensación = non-compensatory [noncompensatory].* que no tiene precio = priceless.* que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.* que tiene precio = priced.* que tiene sentido = meaningful.* que tiene solución = solvable.* revista que tiene una gran demanda popular = mass-market journal.* sin tener = in the absence of.* sin tener en cuenta = never mind, without regard to, independently of, disregarding, not including.* sin tener en cuenta el hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.* sin tener que recurrir a = without recourse to.* tenemos intereses en ambas partes = our feet are in both worlds.* tener a Alguien metido en un puño = have + Nombre + under + Posesivo + thumb.* tener a cargo de uno = have + as + Posesivo + charge.* tener acceso a información confidencial = be on the inside.* tener acuerdos con = have + deals with.* tener afinidades = share + common ground.* tener aire acondiconado = be air-conditioned.* tener a la disposición de Uno = have at + Posesivo + disposal.* tener al alcance = have at + Posesivo + touch.* tener Algo al alcance = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener algo a mano = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener + Algo + a + Posesivo + entera disposición = have + the run of the + Nombre.* tener Algo bajo el control de Uno = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + command.* tener Algo claro = clarify + Posesivo + mind.* tener Algo en común = have + Nombre + in common, share + Nombre + in common.* tener algo en contra de = have + something against.* tener Algo fácilmente accesible = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener Algo hecho a la medida de uno = have + Nombre + cut out.* tener algo muy vivo en la mente de uno = be strong in + mind.* tener algo que decir sobre = have + a say in.* tener algo que ver con = have + something to do with.* tener algo reservado = have + something up + Posesivo + sleeve.* tener alguna incidencia en = have + some bearing on.* tener alguna posibilidad = have + a fighting chance.* tener alguna posibilidad de triunfar = have + a fighting chance.* tener alguna relevancia para = have + some bearing on.* tener alucinaciones = hallucinate.* tener a mano = have at + Posesivo + touch, have + on call, have + to hand, keep within + reach, be to hand.* tener ansias de = crave, crave for.* tener antecedentes de = have + a track record of.* tener antojo de = crave, crave for.* tener a + Posesivo + cargo = have + in + Posesivo + charge.* tener aspecto = look.* tener atrasos = be in arrears.* tener aversión a = have + aversion to.* tener beneficios = have + benefits.* tener buena mano con las plantas = have + a green thumb, have + green fingers.* tener buen apetito = have + a good appetite.* tener buenas intenciones = be well-intentioned, mean + well.* tener buenas perspectivas para = be well-placed to.* tener buen ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a good judge of character.* tener bulla = be in a hurry.* tener cabida para = hold, accommodate, include, take.* tener calentura = have + a temperature, have + a fever.* tener características en común = share + similarities.* tener cara de muerto = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener carencias = find + wanting.* tener carta blanca = have + carte-blanche.* tener causa justificada = have + good cause.* tener cautela = proceed + with caution.* tener celos = feel + jealous.* tener claro = be clear in your mind.* tener coherencia = cohere.* tener cólicos = be colicky.* tener como consecuencia = result (in).* tener como equivalente = have + counterpart.* tener como motivo central = plan around + Nombre.* tener como objetivo = have + as + Posesivo + objective, be in business for.* tener como sede = headquarter (at/in).* tener compasión de = have + compassion for.* tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.* tener consecuencias = have + consequences.* tener consecuencias en = have + implication for.* tener consecuencias negativas = backfire.* tener contacto = have + contact.* tener contactos = liaise (with/between).* tener controlado a Alguien = have + Nombre + on the run.* tener control sobre = have + hold on.* tener coraje = pluck up + courage, gather up + courage.* tener correlación con = bear + correlation with.* tener correspondencia = bear + correspondence (to).* tener cosas en común = share + common ground.* tener cualidades + Adjetivo = be of + Adjetivo + quality.* tener cuidado = exercise + care, exercise + caution, proceed + with caution, watch out, take + caution.* tener cuidado con = watch for, beware (of/that), look out for, be wary of.* tener cuidado con lo que se dice = say + the right thing.* tener cuidado con lo que Uno dice = watch + Posesivo + mouth, watch what + say.* tener cuidado de = be careful, be chary of, take + (great) pains to.* tener cuidado (de que) = take + care (that).* tener cultivos = grow + crops.* tener debilidad por = have + a soft spot for.* tener delante = have + before.* tener demasiada prisa = be in too much of a hurry, be in too much of a rush.* tener derecho a = be entitled to, have + a right to, entitle to, have + the right to, have + a say in.* tener derecho a expresar + Posesivo + opinión = be entitled to + Posesivo + own opinion.* tener derecho de paso = have + the right of way.* tener dificultad = struggle, experience + difficulty, be hard pressed.* tener dificultad de + Infinitivo = have + difficulty + Gerundio, have + difficulty in + Gerundio.* tener dificultad en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* tener dificultades = have + a hard time, have + a tough time.* tener dinero a punta pala = roll in + Dinero.* tener dominado a Alguien = have + Nombre + on the run.* tener dudas = be doubtful, have + misgivings, have + reservations (about), be suspicious.* tener dudas sobre = be ambivalent about.* tener efecto = take + effect, have + effect.* tener efecto sobre = impinge on/upon.* tener el atrevimiento de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener el corazón de un león = have + the heart of a lion.* tener el deber de = have + a responsibility to.* tener el derecho de = have + the right to.* tener el descaro de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener el destino de = suffer + the fate of.* tener el estatus profesional de + Nombre = have + Nombre + status.* tener el gusto de = take + pleasure.* tener el hábito de = have + the habit of.* tener el honor de = have + the honour of.* tener el lujo = have + luxury.* tener el mando = rule + the roost.* tener el mejor aspecto posible = look + Posesivo + best.* tener el mismo destino = suffer + the same fate.* tener el mono = suffer from + withdrawal symptoms.* tener el placer de = take + pleasure.* tener el plazo cumplido = be due.* tener el plazo vencido = be overdue.* tener el poder = be the boss, call + the shots, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener el poder de = have + the power to.* tener el toque mágico = have + the magic touch.* tener el valor = have + the courage.* tener el valor de = have + the guts to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener en común = hold in + common, tread + common ground.* tener en común con = partake (in/of).* tener en consideración = take into + consideration, take into + consideration.* tener en cuenta = allow for, bear in + mind, cater for/to, consider (as), heed, make + allowances, take + account of, take + cognisance of, take + cognition of, take into + account, take into + consideration, make + provision for, bring into + play, give + an ear to, factor, have + regard for, factor in, be aware of, note, keep in + mind.* tener en cuenta las posibilidades de Algo = consider + possibilities.* tener en cuenta un punto de vista = take into + account + viewpoint, contemplate + view.* tener en funcionamiento = have + in effect.* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.* tener en mente = bear in + mind, have + in mind, keep in + mind.* tener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.* tener en reserva = hold in + reserve.* tener entre manos = be up to.* tener envidia de = envy.* tener errores = be flawed.* tener éxito = achieve + success, be successful, get + anywhere, meet + success, prove + successful, succeed, attain + appeal, be a success, find + success, come up + trumps, prove + trumps, take off, meet with + success, hit + the big time, be popular, go + strong.* tener éxito en el mundo = succeed in + the world.* tener éxito en la vida = succeed in + life, get on in + life.* tener expectativas = hold + expectations, have + expectations.* tener experiencia = have + experience.* tener fácilmente accesible = have at + Posesivo + touch.* tener fallos = be flawed.* tener fe = have + faith (in).* tener fe en = have + faith (in).* tener fiebre = have + a temperature, have + a fever.* tener fijación por = be hipped (on/to), get hipped (on/to).* tener flatulencia = pass + gas, break + wind, pass + wind.* tener forma + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in shape.* tener frenillo = lisp.* tener fundamento para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.* tener futuro = have + potential, there + be + a future for/in, have + a future.* tener ganada la mitad de la batalla = be half the battle.* tener ganada sólo la mitad de la batalla = be only half the battle.* tener ganas de = be keen to, have + an/the inclination to.* tener ganas de + Infinitivo = feel like + Gerundio.* tener gancho = be engaging.* tener gastos = incur + costs.* tener gastos generales = incur + overheads.* tener gran éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener gran importancia = be of high significance.* tener gran repercusión = be far reaching.* tener hambre = be hungry, feel + hungry.* tener hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* tener hijos = father + children, have + children.* tener hipo = hiccup.* tener horario ajustado = be under time constraint.* tener horror a = loathe, hate.* tener idea = have + a clue.* tener impacto = make + impact.* tener impacto (sobre) = have + impact (on).* tener implicaciones para = have + implication for.* tener importancia = carry + weight, have + high profile, be of consequence.* tener indigestión = have + indigestion.* tener influencias = have + pull.* tener influencia sobre = have + hold on.* tener iniciativa = be proactive.* tener intereses en = have + a stake in.* tener intereses en juego = have + invested.* tener interés por = have + an interest in.* tener interés por/en = be interested in.* tener inventiva = be inventive.* tener jurisdicción = have + jurisdiction (over).* tener la autoridad = have + mandate.* tener la bragueta abierta = fly + be undone.* tener la capacidad de = have + the potential (to/for).* tener la cara de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la cara descompuesta = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener la categoría profesional de + Nombre = hold + Nombre + rank, have + Nombre + rank, enjoy + Nombre + rank.* tener la certeza de = feel + confident.* tener la certeza de que = rest + assured that.* tener la conciencia limpia = have + a clear conscience.* tener la conciencia tranquila = have + a clear conscience.* tener la convicción = it + be + Posesivo + understanding.* tener la costumbre de = have + a habit of, have + the habit of.* tener la costumbre de + Infinitivo = be in the habit of + Gerundio.* tener la cuenta bancaria = bank.* tener la culpa (por/de) = be at fault (for/to).* tener la culpa de Algo que se ha causado Uno mismo = be of + Posesivo + own making.* tener la desfachatez de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la desvergüenza de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la doble función = double as, double up as.* tener la facultad de = have + powers to.* tener la fama de = have + a good record for.* tener la fecha de + Fecha = be dated + Fecha.* tener la frescura de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la función de = be in the business of.* tener la impresión = have + the impression, get + the impression.* tener la impresión de que = get + the feeling that.* tener la intención de = be intended to, intend, mean.* tener la intención de + Infinitivo = set out to + Infinitivo.* tener la libertad de = be at liberty to, feel + free to.* tener la libertard de/para = have + the latitude to.* tener la malafortuna de = have + the misfortune to.* tener la mirada perdida = stare into + space, gaze into + space.* tener la misma importancia = carry + equal weight.* tener la obligación de = be under the obligation to.* tener la ocasión de = have + opportunity to.* tener la oficina central en = headquarter (at/in).* tener la opinión = it + be + Posesivo + understanding.* tener la oportunidad = have + the opportunity.* tener la oportunidad de = get + (a/the) + chance to, have + opportunity to, get + a chance to.* tener la osadía de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la paciencia del santo Job = have + the patience of Job.* tener la paciencia de un santo = have + the patience of a saint.* tener la posibilidad de = have + chance.* tener la potestad = have + mandate.* tener la potestad de = have + the power to, have + the right to.* tener lapsus = have + lapses.* tener la reputación de ser = be well known for.* tener la responsabilidad = charge, undertake + burden.* tener la responsabilidad de = have + the responsibility of.* tener la sartén por el mango = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener la seguridad de = have + the security of.* tener la seguridad de que = rest + assured that.* tener la sensación de que = have + a gut feeling that.* tener las mismas prerrogativas = have + an equal voice in.* tener las riendas de = hold + the reins of.* tener las riendas del poder = hold + the reins of power.* tener lástima = pity.* tener lástima de = take + pity on.* tener la tentación de = be tempted to.* tener la última palabra = have + the ultimate say, have + the final say, call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener la vista cansada = need + reading glasses.* tenerle manía a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tenerle rabia a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tenerle tirria a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tener libertad = have + freedom.* tener libertad sobre = have + wide discretion over.* tenerlo crudo = not be easy.* tenerlo difícil = not be easy, not be easy.* tenerlo duro = not be easy.* tenerlo fácil = have + an easy ride.* tener lo mejor de ambos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.* tener lo mejor de los dos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.* tener lo que hace falta = have + what it takes.* tener lo que hay que tener = have + what it takes.* tener lo que se necesita = have + what it takes.* tener los días contados = day + be + numbered, be doomed, doomed, be dead meat, the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* tener los nervios de punta = have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* tener los nervios en el estómago = have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* tener los pies firmemente en el suelo = feet + be + firmly planted on the ground.* tenerlo todo = have + the best of both worlds.* tenerlo todo hecho = have + an easy ride.* tener lugar = take + place, go on, come to + pass.* tener madera de = be cut out for.* tener mala fama por = hold in + disrepute, be infamous for.* tener malas conexiones con = have + poor connections with.* tener malas intenciones = be up to no good, get up to + no good.* tener mal de amores = be lovesick.* tener mal ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a bad judge of character.* tener más paciencia que el santo Job = have + the patience of Job.* tener más paciencia que un santo = have + the patience of a saint.* tener mérito = be meritorious.* tener miedo = be afraid, be in fear, frighten.* tener miedo a = be scared of.* tener miedo a Alguien = regard + Nombre + with fear.* tener motivo = be right.* tener motivo justificado = have + good cause.* tener motivo para = have + cause to.* tener movilidad = be mobile.* tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucha ilusión = be thrilled.* tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.* tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucho carácter = be full of character.* tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.* tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.* tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.* tener muy mala cara = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener niños = have + children.* tener + Nombre = be not without + Nombre.* tener noticias de = hear from.* tener + Número + Período de Tiempo = be + Período de Tiempo + old.* tener obligación = have + obligation.* tener obsesión con = be hipped (on/to), get hipped (on/to).* tener ojeras = have + bags under + Posesivo + eyes.* tener ojos en la nuca = have + eyes in the back of + Posesivo + head.* tener opinión = take + view.* tener paciencia = be patient.* tener paciencia con = bear with + Pronombre.* tener palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* tener paralelo = have + parallel.* tener pelos en la lengua = mince + words.* tener pérdidas = make + a loss.* tener perplejo = stump.* tener plena conciencia de = be fully aware of.* tener poca información = be information poor.* tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.* tener pocas posibilidades de = have + little recourse.* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.* tener poco valor = be of little value.* tener por costumbre + Infinitivo = be in the habit of + Gerundio.* tener por término medio = average.* tener posibilidades = stand + chance, be in with a chance.* tener potencial = have + potential.* tener precaución de = be chary of.* tener precedencia = take + priority.* tener preferencia = be preferential, have + the right of way.* tener preferencia (sobre) = take + precedence (over).* tener presente = be mindful of/that, bear in + mind, consider (as), keep in + focus, keep in + mind, make + consideration, mind, make + provision for, have + regard for, be aware of.* tener presente las posibilidades de Algo = consider + possibilities.* tener prioridad = trump.* tener prisa = be in a hurry.* tener problema con Algo = experience + trouble with.* tener problemas = have + problems.* tener problemas con = fall + foul of, run + afoul of problems, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.* tener problemas con la ley = fall + foul of the law, go + afoul of the law, fall + afoul of the law.* tener programado su comienzo = be scheduled to start.* tener programado su finalización = be scheduled for completion.* tener pros y contras = be a mixed blessing.* tener que = have to, hafta [have to].* tener que aguantar Algo = be stuck with, get + stuck with.* tener que arreglárselas solo = leave (up) to + Posesivo + own resources, leave to + Posesivo + own devices.* tener que cargar con = be stuck with, saddle with, get + stuck with.* tener que cargar con el peso de = be burdened with.* tener que cargar con el peso de la tradición = be burdened with + tradition.* tener que competir con = face + competition from.* tener + que felicitar a Alguien = have to hand it to + Nombre.* tener que ocurrir = be boun* * *■ tener (verbo transitivo)A poseer, disponer deB1 llevar encima2 llevar puestoC actividades, obligacionesD1 señalando características2 expresando edad3 con idea de posibilidadE dar a luzA sujetar, sostenerB tomarA recibirB1 sentir2 refiriéndose a síntomas3 refiriéndose a sucesosC refiriéndose a actitudesA indicando estado, situaciónB tener algo/a alguien por algo■ tener (verbo auxiliar)A1 tener que: obligación2 tener que: propósitoB tener que: certezaA con participio pasadoB en expresiones de tiempo■ tenerse (verbo pronominal)A sostenerseB tenerse por algovt[El uso de `got' en frases como `I've got a new dress' está mucho más extendido en el inglés británico que en el americano. Éste prefiere la forma `I have a new dress']A (poseer, disponer de) ‹dinero/trabajo/tiempo› to haveése ya lo tengo I already have that one, I've already got that one¿tienen hijos? do they have any children?, have they got any children?tiene un sueldo muy bueno she earns a very good salary, she is on a very good salaryno tenemos aceitunas we don't have any olives, we haven't got any olivesno tenía bastante dinero I didn't have enough moneyno tengo a quién recurrir I have o I've got nobody to turn totú no tienes idea de lo que fue you've no idea o you can't imagine what it was likeaquí tienes al autor del delito here's o this is the culprit¡ahí tienes! ¿ves cómo no se los puede dejar solos? there you are! you see how they can't be left on their own?¿conque ésas tenemos? so that's the way things are, is it?no tenerlas todas consigo ( fam): no sé, no las tengo todas conmigo I don't know, I'm not entirely sure o I'm not a hundred percent sure o I'm not at all sureB1 (llevar encima) to have¿tienes cambio de $100? do you have change for $100?no tengo un lápiz I don't have a pencil (on me), I haven't got a pencil (on me)¿tiene hora? have you got the time?, could you tell me the time?2 (llevar puesto) to be wearing, have on¡qué traje más elegante tienes! that's a smart suit you're wearing o you have on!C (hablando de actividades, obligaciones) to haveesta noche tengo una fiesta I'm going to o I have a party tonightlos viernes tenemos gimnasia we have keep-fit on Fridaystenemos invitados a cenar we have o we've got some people coming to dinnertengo un par de camisas que planchar I have o I've got a couple of shirts to ironD1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (señalando características, atributos) to havetiene los ojos castaños/el pelo largo she has o she's got brown eyes/long hairtiene mucho tacto/valor he's very tactful/bravetiene habilidad para esas cosas he's very good at that sort of thingtiene sus defectos he has o he's got his faultsla habitación tiene mucha luz the room is very light o gets a lot of lighttiene cuatro metros de largo por tres de ancho it is four meters long and three meters wide¿cuánto tienes de cintura? what's your waist measurement?tiene mucho de su padre he's very much like his father, he takes after his fathertener algo DE algo:¿y eso qué tiene de malo? and what's (so) bad about that?no tiene nada de extraño there's nothing strange about itle lleva 15 años — ¿y eso qué tiene? ( AmL fam); she's 15 years older than he is — so what does that matter?(expresando edad): ¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you?tengo cuarenta años I'm forty (years old)tengo edad para ser tu padre I'm old enough to be your fatherel televisor ya tiene muchos años the television set is very old3(con idea de posibilidad): no creo que tenga arreglo I don't think it can be fixed, I think it's beyond repairel problema no tiene solución there is no solution to the problem, the problem is insolubleE (dar a luz) to havetener un niño or hijo or bebé to have a child o babyA (sujetar, sostener) to holdsube, que yo te tengo la escalera go on up, I'll hold the ladder for you¿me tienes esto un minuto? could you hold this for a minute?tenlo derecho hold it uprightB(tomar): ten la llave take the key, here's the keyA (recibir) to havehace un mes que no tenemos noticias de él we haven't heard from him for a monthla propuesta tuvo una acogida favorable the proposal was favorably receivedtuvo una gran decepción/sorpresa it was a terrible disappointment/a big surprise for herB1(sentir): tengo hambre/sueño/frío I'm hungry/tired/coldtiene celos de su hermano she's jealous of her brotherno tiene interés por nada she's not interested in anythingle tengo mucho cariño a esta casa I'm very fond of this housetengo el placer/honor de anunciar … it gives me great pleasure/I have the honor to announce …¿qué tienes? ¿por qué lloras? what's wrong? o what's the matter? why are you crying?2 (refiriéndose a síntomas, enfermedades) to havetengo un dolor de cabeza horrible I have o I've got a terrible headache¿has tenido las paperas? have you had mumps?está enfermo, pero no saben qué tiene he's ill, but they don't know what it is o what he's got o what's wrong with him3 (refiriéndose a sucesos, experiencias) to havetuvimos un verano muy bueno we had a very good summertuve un sueño espantoso I had a terrible dreamque tengas buen viaje have a good triptuve una discusión con él I had an argument with himC(refiriéndose a actitudes): ten un poco más de respeto have a little more respectten paciencia/cuidado be patient/carefultuvo la gentileza de prestármelo she was kind enough to lend it to metuvo la precaución de llamar antes de ir she had the foresight to phone before she wentA (indicando estado, situación) (+ compl):el sofá tiene el tapizado sucio the upholstery on the sofa is dirtyla mesa tiene una pata rota one of the table legs is brokentenía el suéter puesto al revés he had his sweater on back to fronttengo las manos sucias my hands are dirtytenía los ojos cerrados she had her eyes closedtienes el cinturón desabrochado your belt's undonelo tengo escondido I have it hidden awayya lo tiene roto it's already broken o he's broken it alreadyla tuvo engañada mucho tiempo he was cheating on her for a long timelo tiene dominado she has him under her thumbeso me tiene muy preocupada I'm very worried about thatme tuvo escribiendo a máquina toda la tarde she had me typing all afternoonnos tuvo allí esperando una hora he kept us waiting there for an houra la pobre la tienen de sirvienta they treat the poor girl like a maidtengo a la niña enferma my little girl's sick¿en qué mano lo tengo? which hand is it in?B (considerar) tener algo/a algn POR algo:se lo tiene por el mejor hospital del país it is supposed to be o it is considered (to be) the best hospital in the countrylo tienen por buen cirujano he's held to be o he's considered (to be) a good surgeonsiempre lo tuve por tímido I always thought he was shyten por seguro que lo hará rest assured o you can be sure he'll do it■A1 (expresando obligación, necesidad) tener QUE + INF:tengo que terminarlo hoy I have to o I must finish it todaytienes que comer más, estás muy delgada you must eat more, you're very thinno tienes más que apretar este botón all you have to do is press this buttonno tienes que estar allí hasta las nueve you don't have to be there until nineno tengo por qué darte cuentas a ti I don't have to explain anything to you, I don't owe you any explanationsno tienes que comer tanto (no debes) you mustn't eat so much; (no hace falta) you don't have to eat that much, there's no need to eat that muchtendría que cambiarme, no puedo ir así I'd have to o I ought to o I should change, I can't go like this2 (expresando propósito, recomendación) tener QUE + INF:tenemos que ir a ver esa película we must go and see that movietengo que hacer ejercicio I must get some exercisetienes que leerlo, es buenísimo you must read it, it's really goodB (expresando certeza) tener QUE + INF:tiene que estar en este cajón it must be in this drawertiene que haber sido él it must have been himtengo que haberlo dejado en casa I must have left it at home¡tú tenías que ser! it had to be you, didn't it?A(con participio pasado): ¿tiene previsto asistir al congreso? do you plan to attend the conference?ya tenían planeada su estrategia they already had their strategy worked outtengo entendido que llega mañana I understand he's arriving tomorrowtiene ganado el afecto del público she has won the public's affectionte tengo dicho que eso no me gusta I've told you before I don't like thatteníamos pensado irnos el jueves we intended leaving on Thursdaytiene bastante dinero ahorrado she has quite a lot of money saved upBtienen tres años de casados they've been married for three years■ tenerseA(sostenerse): no podía tenerse en pie he couldn't standB ( refl) (considerarse) tenerse POR algo:se tiene por muy inteligente he considers himself to be o he thinks he is very intelligent* * *
Multiple Entries:
tener
tener algo
tener ( conjugate tener) verbo transitivo El uso de `got' en frases como `I've got a new dress' está mucho más extendido en el inglés británico que en el americano. Este prefiere la forma `I have a new dress'
1
◊ ¿tienen hijos? do they have any children?, have they got any children?;
no tenemos pan we don't have any bread, we haven't got any bread;
tiene el pelo largo she has o she's got long hair
◊ ¿tiene hora? have you got the time?
◊ tengo invitados a cenar I have o I've got some people coming to dinner;
tengo cosas que hacer I have o I've got things to do
2
tiene un metro de largo it is one meter long;
le lleva 15 años — ¿y eso qué tiene? (AmL fam) she's 15 years older than he is — so what does that matter?
◊ ¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you?;
tengo veinte años I'm twenty (years old)
3
b) ( tomar):◊ ten la llave take o here's the key
4a) ( sentir):◊ tengo hambre/frío I'm hungry/cold;
le tengo mucho cariño I'm very fond of him;
tengo el placer de … it gives me great pleasure to …
◊ tengo dolor de cabeza I have o I've got a headache
5 ( refiriéndose a actitudes):
ten paciencia/cuidado be patient/careful;
tiene mucho tacto he's very tactful
6 (indicando estado, situación):
tengo las manos sucias my hands are dirty;
tienes el cinturón desabrochado your belt's undone;
me tiene muy preocupada I'm very worried about it
tener v aux
1 tener que hacer algo
◊ tengo que estudiar hoy I have to o I must study today;
tienes que comer más you ought to eat moreb) (expresando propósito, recomendación):
tendrías que llamarlo you should ring himc) ( expresando certeza):
¡tú tenías que ser! it had to be you!
2 ( con participio pasado):◊ tengo entendido que sí viene I understand he is coming;
te tengo dicho que … I've told you before (that) …;
teníamos pensado irnos hoy we intended leaving today
3 (AmL) ( en expresiones de tiempo):
tenía un año sin verlo she hadn't seen him for a year
tenerse verbo pronominal ( sostenerse):
no tenerse de sueño to be dead on one's feet
tener
I verbo transitivo
1 (poseer, disfrutar) to have, have got: tengo muy buena memoria, I have a very good memory
no tiene coche, he hasn't got a car
tiene dos hermanas, he has two sisters
tiene mucho talento, he's very talented
no tenemos suficiente dinero, we don't have enough money
(ser dueño de) to own: tiene una cadena de hoteles, he owns a chain of hotels ➣ Ver nota en have 2 (contener) to contain: esta bebida no tiene alcohol, this drink doesn't contain alcohol
3 (asir, sujetar) to hold: la tenía en brazos, she was carrying her in her arms
4 (hospedar) tiene a su suegra en casa, his mother-in-law is staying with them
5 (juzgar, considerar) la tengo por imposible, I regard her as a hopeless case
nos tienen por tontos, they think we are stupid
tenlo por seguro, you can be sure
6 (pasar el tiempo de cierta manera) to have: he tenido un día espantoso, I've had a dreadful day
7 (padecer, sentir) tiene celos, he's jealous
tengo hambre/sed, I'm hungry/thirsty
ten paciencia conmigo, be patient with me
tengo un dolor de cabeza terrible, I have a terrible headache
8 (profesar) to have: me tiene cariño, he is very fond of me
no le tengo ningún respeto, I have no respect for him
9 (años, tiempo) to be: el bebé tiene ocho días, the baby is eight days old
(medidas) la cama tiene metro y medio de ancho, the bed is one and a half metres wide
10 (mantener) to keep: no sabe tener la boca cerrada, she can't keep her mouth shut
nos tuvo dos horas esperando, he kept us waiting for two hours
tiene su habitación muy ordenada, he keeps his room very tidy
me tiene preocupada, I'm worried about him
11 ( tener que + infinitivo) tengo que hacerlo, I must do it
tienes que tomarte las pastillas, you have to take your pills
tendrías que habérselo dicho, you ought to have told her ➣ Ver nota en must
II verbo aux to have: mira que te lo tengo dicho veces, I've told you time and time again
Tener tiene dos traducciones básicas: to have o to have got. Esta segunda se usa casi únicamente para expresar posesión y solo en el presente: Tengo un coche nuevo. I have got a new car.
La primera se usa en sentido más general: Va a tener un problema. He's going to have a problem. Recuerda que la forma interrogativa de I have got es have I got?, mientras que la forma interrogativa de I have es do I have?
Cuando tener significa sentir, se traduce por el verbo to be: Tengo hambre. I am hungry.
' tener' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrigar
- abuela
- abundar
- acarrear
- accidente
- acostumbrar
- admirar
- adolecer
- agobiarse
- añorar
- antena
- apetecer
- apremiar
- aptitud
- arcada
- arte
- banco
- bombera
- bombero
- burbuja
- cabida
- cabronada
- cacao
- caer
- cagalera
- calor
- cantar
- capaz
- carácter
- carrete
- celebrarse
- céntimo
- certeza
- certidumbre
- ciega
- ciego
- conciencia
- conllevar
- consecuencia
- constar
- contingente
- corazón
- correa
- correrse
- cosa
- cosquillas
- costar
- creer
- cruda
- crudo
English:
access
- accommodate
- act
- add up
- afraid
- agree
- aim to
- allow for
- allowance
- approve of
- around
- associate
- attached
- augment
- authoritarian
- ax
- axe
- barrel
- be
- bear
- bear with
- bearing
- begrudge
- believe in
- belong
- beware
- boast
- bone
- boomerang
- breathing space
- broody
- brush
- butterfly
- calculate
- careful
- celebrate
- clash
- clever
- come off
- command
- connected
- conscience
- consider
- consideration
- count
- crash
- date
- daunt
- debt
- depend
* * *♦ vt1. [poseer, disfrutar de] [objeto, cualidad, elemento, parentesco] to have;no tengo televisor/amigos I haven't got o I don't have a television/any friends;¿tienes un bolígrafo? have you got o do you have a pen?;¿tiene usted hora? have you got the time?;tenemos un mes para terminarlo we've got a month in which to finish it;tiene el pelo corto, ojos azules y gafas she has (got) short hair, blue eyes and she wears glasses;el documental no tiene mucho interés the documentary is not very interesting;¿cuántas habitaciones tiene? how many rooms has it got o does it have?;¿tienes hermanos? have you got o do you have any brothers or sisters?;tengo un hermano I've got o I have a brother;tener un niño to have a baby;no tienen hijos they haven't got o don't have any children;RP Fam¿conque ésas tenemos?, ¿ahora no quieres ayudar? so that's the deal, is it? you don't want to help now, then;no las tiene todas consigo he is not too sure about it;muy Famtenerlos bien puestos to have guts;tanto tienes, tanto vales you are what you own2. [padecer, realizar, experimentar] to have;tener fiebre to have a temperature;tiene cáncer/el sida she has (got) cancer/AIDS;doctor, ¿qué tengo? what's wrong with me, doctor?;no tienes nada (grave) it's nothing (serious), there's nothing (seriously) wrong with you;tuvieron una pelea/reunión they had a fight/meeting;tengo las vacaciones en agosto my holidays are in August;mañana no tenemos clase we don't have to go to school tomorrow, there's no school tomorrow;¡que tengan buen viaje! have a good journey!;no he tenido un buen día I haven't had a good day;tiene lo que se merece she's got what she deserves3. [medida, años, sensación, sentimiento] to be;tiene 3 metros de ancho it's 3 metres wide;¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you?;tiene diez años she's ten (years old);Amtengo tres años aquí I've been here for three years;tener hambre/miedo to be hungry/afraid;tener suerte/mal humor to be lucky/bad-tempered;tengo un dolor de espalda terrible I have a terrible backache;tengo alergia al polvo I'm allergic to dust;me tienen cariño/envidia they're fond/jealous of me;le tiene lástima he feels sorry for her;tengo ganas de llorar I feel like cryingtienes la corbata torcida your tie isn't straight;me tuvo despierto it kept me awake;eso la tiene despistada/preocupada that has her confused/worried;esto la tendrá ocupada un rato this will keep her busy for a while;un psicópata tiene atemorizada a la población a psychopath is terrorizing the population;nos tuvieron una hora en comisaría they kept us at the police station for an hour;me tuvo esperando una hora she kept me waiting an hour;nos tuvieron toda la noche viendo vídeos they made us watch videos all night;5. [sujetar] to hold;tenlo por el asa hold it by the handle;¿puedes tenerme esto un momento? could you hold this for me a minute?;ten los brazos en alto hold your arms up high¡aquí tienes!, ¡ten! here you are!;ahí tienes la respuesta there's your answer7. [recibir] [mensaje, regalo, visita, sensación] to get;tuve una carta suya I got o had a letter from her;el que llegue primero tendrá un premio whoever arrives first will get a prize;tendrás noticias mías you'll hear from me;tenemos invitados/a la familia a cenar we've got guests/the family over for dinner;tendrá una sorpresa he'll get a surprise;tenía/tuve la impresión de que… I had/got the impression that…;tuve una verdadera desilusión I was really disappointed8. [valorar, estimar]tener en mucho/poco a alguien to think a lot/not to think very much of sb;me tienen por tonto they think I'm stupid;Formaltener a bien hacer algo to be kind enough to do sth;les ruego tengan a bien considerar mi candidatura para el puesto de… I would be grateful if you would consider my application for the post of…9. [guardar, contener] to keep;¿dónde tienes las joyas/el dinero? where do you keep the jewels/money?;¿dónde tendré las gafas? where can my glasses be?;la botella tenía un mensaje the bottle had a message inside;esta cuenta no tiene fondos there are no funds in this account¡cómo la tenés con tu vecino! you're always going on about your neighbour!;¡cómo la tiene con el auto que se va a comprar! he's always going on about the car he's going to buy!;¡cómo la tiene el jefe contigo! the boss really has it in for you!♦ v aux1. [antes de participio] [haber]teníamos pensado ir al teatro we had thought of going to the theatre, we had intended to go to the theatre;¿cuánto tienes hecho de la tesis? how much of your thesis have you (got) done?;te tengo dicho que no pises los charcos I've told you before not to step in puddles;tengo entendido que se van a casar I understand (that) they are going to get married2.tenía/tuve que hacerlo I had to do it;¿tienes que irte? do you have to go?, have you got to go?;tienes que esforzarte más you must try harder;tiene que ser así it has to be this way;tenemos que salir de aquí we have (got) to o need to get out of here, we must get out of here;teníamos que haber hecho esto antes we should have o ought to have done this before;no tienes que disculparte you needn't apologize, you don't need to apologize;si quieres algo, no tienes más que pedirlo if you want something, all you have to do is ask;no tienes por qué venir, si no quieres you don't have to come if you don't want to3.tener que: [indica propósito, consejo] [m5] tenemos que ir a cenar un día we ought to o should go for dinner some time;tienes que ir a ver esa película you must see that movie;tenías que haber visto cómo corría you should have seen him run;tendrías que dejar de fumar you ought to give up smoking4.tener que: [indica probabilidad] [m5] ya tienen que haber llegado they must have o should have arrived by now;las llaves tienen que andar por aquí the keys must be round here somewhere;tendría que haber terminado hace rato she should have o ought to have finished some time ago;tenía que ser él, no podía ser otro it had to be him, it couldn't have been anyone else5.tener que ver: tener que ver con algo/alguien to have to do with sth/sb;actitudes que tienen que ver con la falta de educación attitudes which are related to a lack of education;se apellida Siqueiros, pero no tiene que ver con el pintor his surname is Siqueiros, but he's got nothing to do with the painter;¿qué tiene eso que ver conmigo? what has that got to do with me?;no tener nada que ver con algo/alguien to have nothing to do with sth/sb;lo que digo no tiene nada que ver con eso what I'm saying has nothing to do with that;aunque los dos vinos sean Rioja, no tienen nada que ver even if both wines are Riojas, there's no comparison between them;¿qué tiene que ver que sea mujer para que haga bien su trabajo? what's her being a woman got to do with whether or not she does a good job?;es un poco tarde, ¿no? – ¿y qué tiene que ver? it's a bit late, isn't it? – so what?;tener que ver en algo to be involved in sth;dicen que la CIA tuvo que ver en ello rumour has it the CIA were involved;¿has tenido tú algo que ver en esto? have you had something to do with this?* * *v/t1 have;tener 10 años be 10 (years old);tener un metro de ancho/largo be one meter wide/long o in width/length2:ha tenido un niño she’s had a little boy3:tener a alguien por algo regard s.o. as sth, consider s.o. to be sth4:tengo que madrugar I must get up early, I have to o I’ve got to get up early;tuve que madrugar I had to get up early5:conque ¿esas tenemos? so that’s how it is o things stand, eh?;no tuvo a bien saludarme he did not see fit to greet me;no las tengo todas conmigo fam I’m not one hundred per cent sure;eso me tiene nervioso that makes me nervous* * *tener {80} vt1) : to havetiene ojos verdes: she has green eyestengo mucho que hacer: I have a lot to dotiene veinte años: he's twenty years oldtiene un metro de largo: it's one meter long2) : to holdten esto un momento: hold this for a moment3) : to feel, to maketengo frío: I'm coldeso nos tiene contentos: that makes us happy4)tener por : to think, to considerme tienes por loco: you think I'm crazytener v aux1)tener que : to have totengo que salir: I have to leavetiene que estar aquí: it has to be here, it must be heretenía pensado escribirte: I've been thinking of writing to you* * *tener vb1. (en general) to have¿tienes hermanos? have you any brothers or sisters?En el presente, sobre todo en inglés hablado, se puede emplear have got en vez de have, por ejemplo, have you got any brothers or sisters?2. (edad, tamaño) to betener que ver to have to do with / to concernno tiene nada que ver contigo it's got nothing to do with you / it doesn't concern you -
9 punto
m.1 spot, dot (marca).recorte por la línea de puntos cut along the dotted line2 full stop (British), period (United States).dos puntos (sobre i, j, en dirección de correo electrónico) colonpunto y coma semicolonpuntos suspensivos (no new paragraph) dots, suspension points3 point.ganar/perder por seis puntos to win/lose by six points4 point (asunto).punto débil/fuerte weak/strong pointpuntos a tratar matters to be discussedpunto de vista point of view, viewpoint5 spot, place (place).este es el punto exacto donde ocurrió todo this is the exact spot where it all happenedpunto de contacto point of contactpunto de encuentro meeting point6 point, moment (momento).llegar a un punto en que… to reach the stage where…estando las cosas en este punto things being as they arepunto culminante high pointpunto de ebullición/fusión boiling/melting pointpunto de inflexión turning pointpunto de partida starting point7 stitch (puntada).punto de cruz cross-stitch8 knitting.hacer punto to knitun jersey de punto a knitted jumperpunto de ganchillo crochet9 period, full stop.10 guy.11 pixel.12 punctus, punctum.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: puntar.* * *1 (gen) point2 (marca) dot3 (tanto) point4 (detrás de abreviatura) dot; (al final de la oración) full stop, US period5 (lugar) spot■ ¿en qué punto de la carretera se encuentran? exactly where on the road are they?6 (tema) point7 (tejido) knitwear8 (en costura, sutura) stitch9 (de libro) bookmark10 (en la media) ladder, US run\a punto de nieve stiffal punto (rápidamente) immediatelycoger un punto familiar to get tipsy, get merrycon puntos y comas in detaildar en el punto to hit the nail on the headde todo punto absolutelyen punto sharp, on the dotestar a punto to be readyestar a punto de to be about to, be on the point ofestar en su punto (comida) to be cooked to perfectionganar puntos to win pointsganar por puntos to win on pointshacer punto to knithasta cierto punto up to a certain pointhasta tal punto que... to such an extent that...llegar a punto to arrive on timeponer los puntos sobre las íes to dot one's i's and cross one's t'sponer punto final a algo to put an end to something¡punto en boca! mum's the word!punto por punto in detaildos puntos colonpunto cadena chain stitchpunto cardinal cardinal pointpunto culminante climaxpunto de arranque beginningpunto de break break pointpunto de congelación freezing pointpunto de contacto point of contactpunto de cruz cross-stitchpunto de ebullición boiling pointpunto de encuentro meeting pointpunto de fusión melting pointpunto de libro bookmarkpunto de media stocking stitchpunto de partida starting pointpunto de partido match pointpunto de referencia point of referencepunto de ruptura break pointpunto de servicio service pointpunto de set set pointpunto de sutura stitchpunto de venta sales outletpunto de vista point of viewpunto débil weak pointpunto decimal decimal pointpunto del revés purl stitchpunto final (en dictado) full stop, US periodpunto flaco weak pointpunto fuerte strong pointpunto neurálgico nerve centrepunto y aparte (en ortografía) full stop, new paragraph, US period, new paragraphpunto y coma semicolonpunto y seguido full stop, new sentence, US period, new sentence* * *noun m.1) point2) dot3) period4) stitch•- punto final
- punto y coma* * *SM1) (=topo) [en un diseño] dot, spot; [en plumaje] spot, speckle; [en carta, dominó] spot, pippunto negro — (=espinilla) blackhead
2) (=signo) [en la i] dot; [de puntuación] full stop, period (EEUU)•
dos puntos — colonles contó con puntos y comas lo que había pasado — she told them what had happened down to the last detail
le puso los puntos sobre las íes — she corrected him, she drew attention to his inaccuracies
y punto —
¡lo digo yo y punto! — I'm telling you so and that's that!
punto acápite — LAm [en dictado] full stop, new paragraph, period, new paragraph (EEUU)
punto final — full stop, period (EEUU); (fig) end
poner punto final a la discusión — to put an end to the argument, draw a line under the argument
puntos suspensivos — [gen] suspension points; [en dictado] dot, dot, dot
punto y aparte — [en dictado] full stop, new paragraph, period, new paragraph (EEUU)
esto marca un punto y aparte en la historia del teatro — this marks a break with tradition o the past in the theatre
este es un vino punto y aparte — this is an uncommonly good o exceptional wine
punto y seguido — [en dictado] full stop (no new paragraph), period (no new paragraph) (EEUU)
3) (Dep) pointganar o vencer por puntos — to win on points
- perder muchos puntos¡qué punto te has marcado con lo que has dicho! — * what you said was spot-on *
4) (=tema) [gen] point; [en programa de actividades] itemlos puntos en el orden del día son... — the items on the agenda are...
5) (=labor) knitting; (=tejido) knitted fabric, knit•
hacer punto — to knit6) (Cos, Med) (=puntada) stitch; [de media] loose stitchpunto de costado — (=dolor) stitch
tengo un punto de costado — I've got a stitch, I've got a pain in my side
7) (=lugar) [gen] spot, place; (Geog, Mat) point; [de proceso] point, stage; [en el tiempo] point, momental llegar a este punto — at this point o stage
punto ciego — (Anat) blind spot
punto de asistencia — (Aut) checkpoint
punto débil — weak point o spot
punto de equilibrio — (Com) break-even point
punto de mira — [de rifle] sight; (=objetivo) aim, objective; (=punto de vista) point of view
estar en el punto de mira de algn —
su comportamiento está en el punto de mira de la prensa — his behaviour has come under scrutiny in the press
punto de taxis — taxi stand, cab rank
está presente en 3.000 puntos de venta — it's available at 3,000 outlets
punto de vista — point of view, viewpoint
él lo mira desde otro punto de vista — he sees it differently, he looks at it from another point of view
punto flaco — weak point, weak spot
punto muerto — (Mec) dead centre; (Aut) neutral (gear); (=estancamiento) deadlock, stalemate
las negociaciones están en un punto muerto — the negotiations are deadlocked, the talks have reached a stalemate
punto negro — (Aut) (accident) black spot; (fig) blemish
punto neurálgico — (Anat) nerve centre o (EEUU) center; (fig) key point
punto neutro — (Mec) dead centre; (Aut) neutral (gear)
8) [otras locuciones]•
a punto — ready•
al punto — at once, immediatelyestar al punto — LAm * to be high **
•
bajar de punto — to decline, fall off, fall away•
a punto de, a punto de caramelo — caramelizedbatir las claras a punto de nieve — beat the egg whites until stiff o until they form stiff peaks
estar a punto de hacer algo — to be on the point of doing sth, be about to do sth
•
en punto, a las siete en punto — at seven o'clock sharp o on the dot•
hasta cierto punto — up to a point, to some extenthasta tal punto que... — to such an extent that...
la tensión había llegado hasta tal punto que... — the tension had reached such a pitch that...
si me da el punto, voy — if I feel like it, I'll go
9) Esp * (=hombre) guy *; pey rogue¡vaya un punto!, ¡está hecho un punto filipino! — he's a right rogue! *
10) (=agujero) hole11) (Inform) pixel* * *1)a) (señal, trazo) dotun punto en el horizonte — a dot o speck on the horizon
b) (Ling) (sobre la `i', la `j') dot; ( signo de puntuación) period (AmE), full stop (BrE)a punto fijo — exactly, for certain
... y punto: lo harás y punto you'll do it and that's that; poner los puntos sobre las íes — ( aclarar algo) to make something crystal clear; ( detallar algo) to dot the i's and cross the t's; dos I
2)a) (momento, lugar) pointel punto donde ocurrió el accidente — the spot o place where the accident happened
b) ( en geometría) point3) ( grado) point, extenthasta cierto punto tiene razón — she's right, up to a point
hasta tal punto que... — so much so that...
4) (asunto, aspecto) pointlos puntos a tratar en la reunión — the matters o items on the agenda for the meeting
5) (en locs)a punto DE + INF: estábamos a punto de cenar we were about to have dinner; estuvo a punto de caerse he almost fell over; a punto de llorar on the verge of tears; en su punto just right; al punto (Esp) at once; en punto: te espero a las 12 en punto I'll expect you at 12 o'clock sharp; son las tres en punto it's exactly three o'clock; llegaron en punto they arrived exactly on time; de todo punto — absolutely, totally
6)a) (en costura, labores) stitchhacer punto — (Esp) to knit
punto en boca — (fam)
tú punto en boca — keep your mouth shut
b) ( en cirugía) tb7) (Dep, Jueg) point; (Educ) point, mark; (Fin) pointtiene dos punto de ventaja sobre Clark — he is two points ahead of Clark, he has a two point advantage over Clark
matarle el punto a alguien — (CS fam) to go one better than somebody
8) (Per, RPl arg) ( tonto) idiotagarrar or tomar a alguien de punto — (Per, RPl arg)
lo agarraron de punto — ( burlándose de él) they made him the butt of their jokes; ( aprovechándose de él) they took him for a ride
* * *1)a) (señal, trazo) dotun punto en el horizonte — a dot o speck on the horizon
b) (Ling) (sobre la `i', la `j') dot; ( signo de puntuación) period (AmE), full stop (BrE)a punto fijo — exactly, for certain
... y punto: lo harás y punto you'll do it and that's that; poner los puntos sobre las íes — ( aclarar algo) to make something crystal clear; ( detallar algo) to dot the i's and cross the t's; dos I
2)a) (momento, lugar) pointel punto donde ocurrió el accidente — the spot o place where the accident happened
b) ( en geometría) point3) ( grado) point, extenthasta cierto punto tiene razón — she's right, up to a point
hasta tal punto que... — so much so that...
4) (asunto, aspecto) pointlos puntos a tratar en la reunión — the matters o items on the agenda for the meeting
5) (en locs)a punto DE + INF: estábamos a punto de cenar we were about to have dinner; estuvo a punto de caerse he almost fell over; a punto de llorar on the verge of tears; en su punto just right; al punto (Esp) at once; en punto: te espero a las 12 en punto I'll expect you at 12 o'clock sharp; son las tres en punto it's exactly three o'clock; llegaron en punto they arrived exactly on time; de todo punto — absolutely, totally
6)a) (en costura, labores) stitchhacer punto — (Esp) to knit
punto en boca — (fam)
tú punto en boca — keep your mouth shut
b) ( en cirugía) tb7) (Dep, Jueg) point; (Educ) point, mark; (Fin) pointtiene dos punto de ventaja sobre Clark — he is two points ahead of Clark, he has a two point advantage over Clark
matarle el punto a alguien — (CS fam) to go one better than somebody
8) (Per, RPl arg) ( tonto) idiotagarrar or tomar a alguien de punto — (Per, RPl arg)
lo agarraron de punto — ( burlándose de él) they made him the butt of their jokes; ( aprovechándose de él) they took him for a ride
* * *punto11 = point, pointer.Ex: Parts of the abstract are written in the informative style, whilst those points which are of less significance are treated indicatively.
Ex: Seven pointers follow which are useful for discriminating between documents to be abstracted and those not worth abstracting.* aclarar un punto = clarify + point.* adoptar un punto de vista = embrace + view.* analizar desde un punto de vista crítico = cast + a critical eye over.* argumento que presenta los dos puntos de vista = two-sided argument.* argumento que presenta sólo un punto de vista = one-sided argument.* comprender un punto de vista = take + point.* desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).* desde el punto de vista de la nutrición = in terms of, from the vantage of, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, mitotically, nutritionally speaking, nutritionally.* desde el punto de vista del trabajador = in the trenches.* desde el punto de vista de la archivística = archivally.* desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.* desde el punto de vista de la competitividad = competitively.* desde el punto de vista de la conservación = preservationally.* desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.* desde el punto de vista de la informática = computationally.* desde el punto de vista de la logística = logistically.* desde el punto de vista de la medicina = medically.* desde el punto de vista de la música = musically.* desde el punto de vista de la notación = notationally.* desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.* desde el punto de vista de la realidad = factually.* desde el punto de vista de las matemáticas = mathematically.* desde el punto de vista de la tonalidad = tonally.* desde el punto de vista del contexto = contextually.* desde el punto de vista del estilo = stylistically.* desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento = operationally.* desde el punto de vista del + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.* desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.* desde el punto de vista del uso = in terms of use.* desde el punto de vista de + Nombre = in + Nombre + eyes.* desde el punto de vista judicial = judicially.* desde el punto de vista lingüístico = linguistically.* desde el punto de vista político = politically.* desde el punto de vista profesional = career-wise [careerwise].* desde este punto de vista = viewed in this light.* desde mi punto de vista = in my opinion, in my view, in my books.* desde + punto de vista = against + backdrop.* desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.* desde un punto de vista académico = academically.* desde un punto de vista antropológico = anthropologically.* desde un punto de vista clínico = medically, clinically.* desde un punto de vista crítico = judgmentally [judgementally], with a critical eye, critically.* desde un punto de vista cultural = culturally.* desde un punto de vista económico = economically, monetarily.* desde un punto de vista estético = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA].* desde un punto de vista estrictamente técnico = technically speaking.* desde un punto de vista étnico = ethnically.* desde un punto de vista filosófico = philosophically.* desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.* desde un punto de vista histórico = historically.* desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.* desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.* desde un punto de vista médico = medically.* desde un punto de vista medioambiental = environmentally.* desde un punto de vista morfológico = morphologically.* desde un punto de vista operativo = operationally.* desde un punto de vista racista = racially + Adjetivo.* desde un punto de vista religioso = religiously.* desde un punto de vista socioeconómico = socioeconomically.* desde un punto de vista técnico = technically.* fiel desde el punto de vista de la historia = historically accurate.* manifestar un punto de vista = air + view.* mencionar un punto = touch on + a point.* mi punto de vista = in my view.* neutral desde el punto de vista de la raza = race-neutral.* no concebirse desde ningún punto de vista = be impossible under any hypothesis.* probar un punto = prove + point.* promover un punto de vista = promote + view.* punto a favor = asset.* punto conflictivo = hot spot.* punto de la agenda = agenda item.* punto del orden del día = agenda item.* punto de una agenda = item of business.* punto de vista = angle, point of view, side, stance, standpoint, view, viewpoint, outlook, eye, world view [worldview/world-view], bent of mind.* punto principal = main point.* puntos a favor y puntos en contra = pros and cons.* puntos comunes = common ground.* puntos principales = key issues.* puntos secundarios = secondary points.* que consta de tres puntos = three-point.* sostener un punto de vista = assert + view, hold + point of view.* tener en cuenta un punto de vista = contemplate + view.* tener en cuenta un punto de vista = take into + account + viewpoint.* tocar un punto = touch on + a point.* ver Algo desde el punto de vista + Adjetivo = view + Nombre + through + Adjetivo + eyes.punto22 = bullet point.Ex: Readers like bullet points because they are visually appealing and make it easy to quickly find pertinent information.
* alcanzar el punto crítico = come to + a head.* alcanzar el punto culminante = climax.* alcanzar el punto más álgido = peak, come into + full bloom.* alcanzar + Posesivo + punto álgido = reach + Posesivo + peak.* a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.* a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.* a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.* el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.* encontrar el punto medio = strike + the right note.* en qué punto = at what point.* en su punto = ripe [riper -comp., ripest -sup.].* en su punto más álgido = at its height.* en su punto más bajo = at its lowest ebb.* en un punto bajo = at a low ebb.* estar a punto de = be poised to, be about to, be on the point of, stand + poised, come + very close to.* estar a punto de cascarlas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.* estar a punto de decir = be on the tip of + Posesivo + tongue to say.* estar a punto de + Infinitivo = be about + Infinitivo.* fichero de punto de acceso = access-point file.* hasta cierto punto = up to a point, to some degree, to some extent.* hasta el punto de = to the point of, up to the point of.* hasta el punto que = up to the point where, to the point where.* hasta qué punto = how far, the extent to which, to what extent.* hasta tal punto + Adjetivo = such a + Nombre.* hasta tal punto que = to a point where.* hasta un punto limitado = to a limited extent.* las cosas + volver + a su punto de partida = the wheel + turn + full circle.* llegado este punto = at this juncture.* llegado un punto = beyond a certain point, beyond a point.* llegar al punto álgido = reach + a head.* llegar al punto crítico = come to + a head.* llegar al punto de = be at the point of.* llegar al punto de + Infinitivo = go + (as/so) far as + Infinitivo.* llegar a un punto crítico = reach + turning point.* no tener ni punto de comparación = be in a different league.* pasado un punto = beyond a certain point, beyond a point.* poner a punto = overhaul, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.* primer punto de contacto = port of first call.* primer punto de contacto, el = first port of call, the.* puesta a punto = fine tuning [fine-tuning], tuning, tune-up.* punto álgido = peak.* punto a punto = point-to-point.* punto central = focal point.* punto ciego = blind spot.* punto clave = key point, watershed, tipping point.* punto crítico = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.* punto culminante = zenith, climax, peak, capstone.* punto de acceso = access point, entry point, entry term, index entry, retrieval access, search key, access point, service point, point of access, entrance point.* punto de apoyo = foothold.* punto débil = downside, weak point, weak link.* punto débil, el = chink in the armour, the.* punto débl = blind spot.* punto de contacto = point of contact, interface, contact point.* punto de convergencia = junction point, similarity.* punto de discusión = bone of contention.* punto de distribución = outlet.* punto de divergencia = stepping-off point.* punto de división = break.* punto de encuentro = meeting point.* punto de entrada = entry point, entrance point, point of entry.* punto de equilibrio = break-even, break-even point.* punto de información = information kiosk.* punto de interés = point of interest.* punto de llegada = point of arrival.* punto de luz = power point, electrical outlet, socket outlet, outlet.* punto de partida = point of departure, starting point, take-off point, baseline [base line], beginning point.* punto de penalti, el = penalty mark, the.* punto de recepción y envío = shipping point.* punto de recogida = pick-up point, drop-off point.* punto de referencia = benchmark, frame of reference, signpost, signposting, point of reference, anchor, anchor point, referral point, switching point, reference point, reference point.* punto de referencia común = common framework.* punto de ruptura = breaking point.* punto de separación = cut-off point, stepping-off point, cut off [cutoff].* punto de servicio = service point.* punto de una lista = bullet point.* punto de venta = outlet, point of sale.* punto esencial = essential point.* punto final = end point [endpoint].* punto flaco = foible, weak point, blind spot, weak link.* punto flaco, el = chink in the armour, the.* punto fuerte = strength, upside, forte, strong point.* punto g, el = G-spot, the.* punto intermedio = middle ground.* punto medio = happy medium, mid-point.* punto muerto = dead end, impasse, stalemate, dead end street, deadlock, standoff.* punto negro = blackhead.* punto positivo = asset.* puntos de acceso = entry vocabulary.* punto silla = saddle point.* ser el punto de partida de = form + the basis of.* ser el punto más débil de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + weakest.* ser el punto más flaco de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + weakest.* servir de punto de partida = point + the way to.* tomar como punto de partida = build on/upon.* volver al punto de partida = come + full circle, bring + Pronombre + full-circle, go back to + square one, be back to square one.punto33 = dot, full stop (.), period, stop.Ex: Braille is the term used to refer to material intended for the visually impaired and using embossed characters formed by raised dots in six-dot cells.
Ex: You have observed the correct use of the facet indicators. (full stop) for S and ' (single inverted comma) for T.Ex: Such as categorisation may depend rather arbitrarily upon whether stops have been used between letters or not.* arco de medio punto = round arch.* arco de punto rebajado = segmental arch.* dos puntos (:) = colon (:).* dpi (puntos por pulgada) = dpi (dots per inch).* en el punto de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.* en + Posesivo + punto de mira = in + Posesivo + sights.* línea de puntos = dotted line.* matriz de puntos de impacto = impact dot matrix.* nube de puntos = scatterplot, cloud of points.* poner punto final a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, close + the book on.* poner punto y final a = put + a stop to, sound + the death knell for.* punto (.) = point (.).* puntos por pulgada = dots per inch.* punto y coma (;) = semi-colon (;).* subrayar con puntos = underdot.punto44 = point.Ex: Taking 197 as the base year, the price index of journals for an academic veterinary library has risen 143.00 points, an annual average of 15.89 points through 1986.
* alcanzar el punto de ebullición = reach + boiling point.* punto de ebullición = boiling point.* punto de fundición = melting point.* punto de fusión = melting point, fusion point.* punto de saturación = saturation point.* punto porcentual = percentage point.* sistema de deducción de puntos = points system.punto55 = stitch.Ex: It may be seen that one or more pairs of leaves, joined to each other at the back, are held in place by a double stitch of thread running up the fold.
* aguja de hacer punto = knitting needle.* géneros de punto = knitwear.* hacer punto = knitting.* patrón de hacer punto = knitting pattern.* ¡punto en boca! = mum's the word!.* ¡punto en boca! = not a word to anyone!, shut your mouth!, shut your face!.* * *A1 (señal, trazo) dotdesde el avión la ciudad se veía como un conjunto de puntos luminosos from the plane the city looked like a cluster of pinpoints of light o of bright dotsel barco no era más que un punto en el horizonte the boat was no more than a dot o speck on the horizona punto fijo exactly, for certainno le sabría decir a punto fijo cuándo llegan I couldn't tell you exactly o for certain when they will be arriving… y punto: si te parece mal se lo dices y punto if you don't like it you just tell him, that's all there is to itlo harás como yo digo y punto you'll do it the way I tell you and that's that, you'll do it the way I tell you, period ( AmE) o ( BrE) full stopponer los puntos sobre las íes (dejar algo en claro) to make sth crystal clear; (terminar algo con mucho cuidado) to dot the i's and cross the t'ssin faltar un punto ni una coma down to the last detailCompuestos:[ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] decimal pointponer punto final a algo to end sthdecidió poner punto final a sus relaciones he decided to end their relationshipsemicolonB1 (momento) pointen ese punto de la conversación at that point in the conversationsu popularidad alcanzó su punto más bajo his popularity reached its lowest ebb o point2 (lugar) point; (en geometría) pointfijó la mirada en un punto lejano del horizonte she fixed her gaze on a distant point on the horizonestán buscando un local en un punto céntrico they are looking for premises somewhere centralen el punto en que la carretera se divide at the point where the road dividesel punto donde ocurrió el accidente the spot o place where the accident happenedCompuestos:crucial moment o pointcardinal pointblind spotcritical pointhigh point(para una palanca) fulcrumno hay ningún punto de apoyo para la escalera there is nowhere to lean the ladderconstituía el punto de apoyo de su defensa it formed the cornerstone of his defenseweak pointa punto de caramelo ‹almíbar› caramelized(en su mejor momento) ( fam): este queso está a punto de caramelo this cheese is just right (for eating)yo no lo encuentro viejo, para mí está a punto de caramelo I don't think he's old, if you ask me he's in his prime o he's just rightla situación está a punto de caramelo para otro golpe militar the situation is ripe for another military coupfreezing pointpoint of contactel movimiento tiene muchos puntos de contacto con el surrealismo the movement has a lot in common with surrealismcheckpointboiling pointvanishing pointmelting pointpoint of inflexion ( on a curve)( Inf) breakpoint( Esp) bookmark(de un rifle) front sight; (blanco) target; (objetivo) aim, objective; (punto de vista) point of viewbatir las claras a punto de nieve beat the egg whites until they form stiff peakspoint of no return(sitio) starting point; (de un proceso, razonamiento) starting pointesta dramática escalada tiene un claro punto de partida en los sucesos del mes pasado this dramatic escalation clearly has its origins in the events of last month● punto de penalty or penaltipenalty spotreference pointmeeting place, assembly pointpoint of sale, outlet, sales outletunique selling pointdesde un punto de vista técnico from a technical viewpoint, from a technical point of viewtodos conocen mi punto de vista sobre este asunto you all know my views on this matterestá en punto fijo toda la noche he is on guard duty all nightweak pointhabrá que esperar a que las cosas lleguen a su punto medio we'll have to wait until things sort themselves outhay que buscar el punto medio entre las dos cosas you have to strike a balance between the two thingslas conversaciones han llegado a un punto muerto the talks have reached deadlock o stalemateel proceso está en punto muerto the process is deadlocked(en la carretera) black spot; (en la piel) blackhead( Anat) nerve center*; (de una organización, un sistema) nerve center*un accidente en uno de los puntos neurálgicos de la ciudad an accident at one of the busiest spots o points in the cityuno de los puntos neurálgicos de la economía one of the key elements of the economyC (grado) point, extenthasta cierto punto tiene razón she's right, up to a pointhasta cierto punto me alegro de que se vaya to a certain extent o in a way I'm glad she's goingclaro que fue atento y amable, hasta tal punto que llegó a resultarnos pesado of course he was attentive and kind, so much so that it got a bit much for usD (asunto, aspecto) pointen ese punto no estoy de acuerdo contigo I don't agree with you on that pointlos puntos a tratar en la reunión de hoy the matters o items on the agenda for today's meetinghay algunos puntos de coincidencia entre los dos enfoques the two approaches have some points in commonanalizamos la propuesta punto por punto we analyzed the proposal point by pointE ( en locs):a punto (a tiempo) just in time( Coc) en su puntohas llegado a punto para ayudarme you've arrived just in time to help mea punto DE + INF:estábamos a punto de cenar cuando llamaste we were about to have dinner when you phonedestuvo a punto de matarse en el accidente he was nearly killed in the accident, he came within an inch of being killed in the accidentestaba a punto de decírmelo cuando tú entraste she was on the point of telling me o she was about to tell me when you came inse notaba que estaba a punto de llorar you could see she was on the verge of tearsen su punto just rightel arroz está en su punto the rice is just rightla carne estaba en su punto the meat was done to a turnen punto: te espero a las 12 en punto I'll expect you at 12 o'clock sharpson las tres en punto it's exactly three o'clockllegaron en punto they arrived exactly on time, they arrived on the dot o dead on time ( colloq)de todo punto absolutely, totallyeso es de todo punto inaceptable that is totally o completely unacceptablese negaba de todo punto a hacerlo she absolutely o flatly refused to do itF1 (en costura) stitchpunto en boca ( fam): y ya saben, diga lo que diga él, nosotros punto en boca and remember, whatever he says, we keep our mouths shut2 (en cirugía) tbpunto de sutura stitchle tuvieron que poner puntos she had to have stitches3 (en labores) stitchse me ha escapado un punto I've dropped a stitchartículos de punto knitwearhacer punto ( Esp); to knitCompuestos:backstitchchain stitchherringbone stitchcross-stitchherringbone stitchplain stitchpurl stitchstocking stitchrib, ribbingstocking stitchgarter stitchshadow stitchGvenció por puntos he won on pointstiene dos punto de ventaja sobre Clark he is two points ahead of Clark, he has a two point advantage over Clarkpierdes dos puntos por cada falta de ortografía you lose two marks o points for every spelling mistakeanotarse/marcarse un punto ( fam): la paella está exquisita, te has anotado un punto ten out of ten o ( BrE) full marks for the paella, it's delicioussubir de punto «ira/admiración» to grow;«discusión» to heat up, grow heated2 ( Fin) pointCompuestos:● punto de or para partidomatch pointbreak point● punto de or para setset pointpercentage pointH(poco, pizca): es orgulloso, con un punto de bravuconería he's proud, with just a touch o hint of boastfulness about himIagarrar or tomar a algn de punto (Per, RPl arg): lo han agarrado de punto (burlándose de él) they've made him the butt of their jokes; (aprovechándose de él) they've taken him for a ride ( colloq)la profesora me ha agarrado de punto the teacher has it in for me ( colloq)* * *
punto sustantivo masculino
1
( signo de puntuación) period (AmE), full stop (BrE);
punto final period (AmE), full stop (BrE);
puntos suspensivos ellipsis (tech), suspension points (pl) (AmE), dot, dot, dot;
punto y aparte period (AmE) o (BrE) full stop, new paragraph;
punto y coma semicolon;
punto com (Com, Inf) dot.com;
a punto fijo exactly, for certain;
… y punto … and that's that, … period (AmE);
See Also→ dos
2
el punto donde ocurrió el accidente the spot o place where the accident happened;
punto cardinal cardinal point ;
punto ciego blind spot;
punto de apoyo ( de palanca) fulcrum;
no hay ningún punto de apoyo para la escalera there is nowhere to lean the ladder;
punto de vista ( perspectiva) viewpoint, point of view;
( opinión) views;◊ punto flaco/fuerte weak/strong point;
punto muerto (Auto) neutral;
( en negociaciones) deadlock
3 ( grado) point, extent;◊ hasta cierto punto tiene razón she's right, up to a point;
hasta tal punto que … so much so that …
4 (asunto, aspecto) point;
los puntos a tratar en la reunión the matters o items on the agenda for the meeting
5 ( en locs)
estábamos a punto de cenar we were about to have dinner;
estuvo a punto de caerse he almost fell over;
batir las claras a punto de nieve beat the egg whites until they form stiff peaks;
en su punto just right;
en punto: a las 12 en punto at 12 o'clock sharp;
son las tres en punto it's exactly three o'clock;
llegaron en punto they arrived exactly on time
6
hacer punto (Esp) to knit;
punto (de) cruz cross-stitch
7 ( unidad)a) Dep, Jueg) point;◊ punto para partido/set (Méx) match/set point
(Fin) point
punto sustantivo masculino
1 point
punto de vista, point of view
punto flaco, weak point
punto muerto, (situación sin salida) deadlock, Auto neutral
2 (lugar) place, point: está perdido en algún punto de Marruecos, it's way out somewhere in Morocco
3 (pintado, dibujado) dot
línea de puntos, dotted line
4 (en una competición) point: le dieron tres puntos a Irlanda, Ireland scored three points
5 (en un examen) mark: la pregunta vale dos puntos, the question is worth two marks
6 Cost Med stitch: se le infectó un punto, one of the stitches became infected
7 (grado, medida) point: hasta cierto punto, to a certain extent
8 Ling full stop
dos puntos, colon
punto y aparte, full stop, new paragraph
punto y coma, semicolon
puntos suspensivos, dots
♦ Locuciones: hacer punto, to knit
a punto, ready
a punto de, on the point of
en punto, sharp, on the dot: a las seis en punto, at six o'clock sharp
Culin en su punto, just right
' punto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
álgida
- álgido
- aparte
- borde
- cadeneta
- caer
- caramelo
- cardinal
- cerca
- cierta
- cierto
- coincidir
- coma
- concretar
- culminante
- cúspide
- débil
- desde
- distanciarse
- ebullición
- Ecuador
- este
- extrema
- extremo
- flaca
- flaco
- fuerte
- luminosa
- luminoso
- mareada
- mareado
- media
- medio
- muerta
- muerto
- nivel
- novedosa
- novedoso
- para
- puesta
- referencia
- regresar
- relativamente
- respetable
- sazón
- sesgar
- talón
- tanta
- tanto
- tomate
English:
about
- angle
- aspect
- bankrupt
- benchmark
- blackhead
- boiling point
- cardigan
- certain
- chink
- circle
- climax
- close
- cluster
- coast
- conclude
- contention
- cottage industry
- crop up
- cross-stitch
- crossroads
- crunch
- culmination
- cut-off
- deadlock
- degree
- dot
- essential
- extent
- eye
- failing
- feature
- focal point
- follow through
- foothold
- forthcoming
- freezing point
- full stop
- head
- height
- high
- impasse
- interface
- item
- just
- knit
- knitting
- knitting needle
- knitwear
- labour
* * *♦ nm1. [marca] dot, spot;[en geometría] point;recorte por la línea de puntos cut along the dotted linepunto de fuga vanishing point2. [signo ortográfico] [al final de frase] Br full stop, US period;[sobre i, j, en dirección de correo electrónico] dot;dos puntos colon;Famno vas a ir, y punto you're not going, and that's that;poner los puntos sobre las íes to dot the i's and cross the t'sBol, Perú punto acápite semicolon;punto y coma semicolon;poner punto final a algo to bring sth to an end;puntos suspensivos suspension points3. [unidad] [en juegos, competiciones, exámenes, bolsa] point;ganar/perder por seis puntos to win/lose by six points;ganar por puntos [en boxeo] to win on points;el índice Dow Jones ha subido seis puntos the Dow Jones index is up six points;los tipos de interés bajarán un punto interest rates will go down by one (percentage) pointpunto de break break point;punto de juego game point;punto de partido match point;punto porcentual percentage point;punto de set set point4. [asunto, parte] point;pasemos al siguiente punto let's move on to the next point;te lo explicaré punto por punto I'll explain it to you point by point;tenemos los siguientes puntos a tratar we have the following items on the agendapunto débil weak point;punto fuerte strong point5. [lugar] spot, place;éste es el punto exacto donde ocurrió todo this is the exact spot where it all happened;hay retenciones en varios puntos de la provincia there are delays at several different points across the provincepunto de apoyo [en palanca] fulcrum; Ling punto de articulación point of articulation;los puntos cardinales the points of the compass, Espec the cardinal points;punto ciego [en el ojo] blind spot;punto de encuentro meeting point;Dep punto fatídico penalty spot;punto G g-spot;punto de inflexión tipping point;punto de mira [en armas] sight;está en mi punto de mira [es mi objetivo] I have it in my sights;punto negro [en la piel] blackhead;[en carretera] accident Br blackspot o US hot spot;punto neurálgico [de ser vivo, organismo] nerve centre;la plaza mayor es el punto neurálgico de la ciudad the main square is the town's busiest crossroads;éste es el punto neurálgico de la negociación this is the central issue at stake in the negotiations;punto de partida starting point;punto de referencia point of reference;punto de reunión meeting point;Com punto de venta:en el punto de venta at the point of sale;tenemos puntos de venta en todo el país we have (sales) outlets across the country;punto de venta autorizado authorized dealer;punto de venta electrónico electronic point of sale;punto de vista point of view, viewpoint;bajo mi punto de vista… in my view…;desde el punto de vista del dinero… in terms of money…6. [momento] point, moment;lo dejamos en este punto del debate y seguimos tras la publicidad we'll have to leave the discussion here for the moment, we'll be back after the break;al punto at once, there and then;en punto exactly, on the dot;a las seis en punto at six o'clock on the dot, at six o'clock sharp;son las seis en punto it's (exactly) six o'clock;estar a punto to be ready;estuve a punto de cancelar el viaje I was on the point of cancelling the trip;estamos a punto de firmar un importante contrato we are on the verge o point of signing an important contract;estaba a punto de salir cuando… I was about to leave when…;estuvo a punto de morir ahogada she almost drowned;llegar a punto (para hacer algo) to arrive just in time (to do sth)punto crítico critical moment o point; [de reactor] critical point;alcanzar el punto crítico [reactor] to go critical7. [estado, fase] state, condition;estando las cosas en este punto things being as they are;llegar a un punto en que… to reach the stage where…;estar en su punto to be just right;poner a punto [motor] to tune;Fig [sistema, método] to fine-tune punto de congelación freezing point;punto culminante high point;punto de ebullición boiling point;punto de fusión melting point;punto muerto [en automóviles] neutral;Fig [en negociaciones] deadlock;estar en un punto muerto [negociaciones] to be deadlocked;ir en punto muerto [automóvil] to freewheel;punto de nieve: [m5] batir a punto de nieve to beat until stiff8. [grado] degree;de todo punto [completamente] absolutely;hasta cierto punto to some extent, up to a point;el ruido era infernal, hasta el punto de no oír nada o [m5] de que no se oía nada the noise was so bad that you couldn't hear a thing;hasta tal punto que to such an extent that9. [cláusula] clause10. [puntada] [en costura, en cirugía] stitch;[en unas medias] hole;tienes o [m5] se te ha escapado un punto en el jersey you've pulled a stitch out of your jumper, you've got a loose stitch on your jumper;le dieron diez puntos en la frente he had to have ten stitches to his forehead;coger puntos to pick up stitchespunto atrás backstitch;punto de cadeneta chain stitch;punto de cruz cross-stitch;punto del revés purl;Med punto de sutura suture11. [estilo de tejer] knitting;un jersey de punto a knitted sweater;prendas de punto knitwear;hacer punto to knitpunto de ganchillo crochet12. [pizca, toque] touch;son comentarios un punto racistas they are somewhat racist remarks15. Esp Fam [reacción, estado de ánimo]le dan unos puntos muy raros he can be really weird sometimes;le dio el punto generoso he had a fit of generosity17. CompRP Famagarrar a alguien de punto to tease sb, Br to take the mickey out of sb♦ punto com nf[empresa] dotcom* * *m1 point;punto por punto point by point;ganar por puntos win on points2 señal dot;en punto on the dot;a las tres en punto at three sharp, at three on the dotfull stop;dos puntos colon;punto y coma semicolon;con puntos y comas fig in full detail;poner punto final a algo fig end sth, put an end to sth;y punto period;poner los puntos sobre las íes fam make things crystal clear;empresa punto.com dot.com (company)hacer punto knit;de punto knitted5:estar a punto be ready;estar a punto de be about to;el arroz está en su punto the rice is ready;poner a punto TÉC tune;puesta a punto tune-up6 alcance:hasta cierto punto up to a point;hasta qué punto to what extent;me pregunto hasta qué punto lo que dice es verdad o una exageración I wonder how much of what he says is true and how much is exaggeration;hasta tal punto que to such an extent that7:batir las claras a punto de nieve beat the egg whites until they form stiff peaks* * *punto nm1) : dot, point2) : period (in punctuation)3) : item, question4) : spot, place5) : moment, stage, degree6) : point (in a score)7) : stitch8)en punto : on the dot, sharpa las dos en punto: at two o'clock sharp9)al punto : at oncea punto fijo : exactly, certainlydos puntos : colonhasta cierto punto : up to a pointpunto decimal : decimal pointpunto de vista : point of viewpunto y coma : semicolony punto : periodes el mejor que hay y punto: it's the best there is, periodpuntos cardinales : points of the compass* * *punto n1. (en general) point2. (señal) dot3. (lugar) spot / place¿en qué punto de la ciudad? where exactly in the city?4. (puntada) stitch5. (signo ortográfico) full stop -
10 χάρις
χάρις, ιτος, ἡ (Hom.+) acc. quite predom. χάριν, but χάριτα Ac 24:27; 25:9 v.l.; Jd 4 and pl. χάριτας Ac 24:27 v.l.; 1 Cl 23:1 (Eur., Hel. 1378; Hdt. 6, 41; X., Hell. 3, 5, 16; ins, pap; Zech 4:7; 6:14; EpArist 272, pl. 230.—B-D-F §47, 3; W-S. §9, 7; Mayser 271f; Thackeray 150; Helbing 40f; Mlt-H. 132.—It seems that χάρις is not always clearly differentiated in mng. fr. χαρά; Apollodorus [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 90 Jac. says in the second book περὶ θεῶν: κληθῆναι δὲ αὐτὰς ἀπὸ μὲν τ. χαρᾶς Χάριτας• καὶ γὰρ πολλάκις … οἱ ποιηταὶ τ. χάριν χαρὰν καλοῦσιν ‘the [deities] Charites are so called from χαρά [joy], for poets freq. equate χάρις with χαρά’. Cp. the wordplay AcPl Ha 8, 7 χαρᾶς καὶ χάριτος the house was filled with gaiety and gratitude.).① a winning quality or attractiveness that invites a favorable reaction, graciousness, attractiveness, charm, winsomeness (Hom.+; Jos., Ant. 2, 231) of human form and appearance παῖς λίαν εὐειδής ἐν χάριτι an exceptionally fine-looking and winsome youth AcPl Ha 3, 13. Of speech (Demosth. 51, 9; Ps.-Demetr. [I A.D.], Eloc. §127; 133; 135 al.; Eccl 10:12; Sir 21:16; Jos., Ant. 18, 208) οἱ λόγοι τῆς χάριτος (gen. of quality) the gracious words Lk 4:22. ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν πάντοτε ἐν χάριτι let your conversation always be winsome Col 4:6 (cp. Plut., Mor. 514f; s. also HAlmqvist, Plut. u. das NT ’46, 121f; Epict. 3, 22, 90). τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ χάριτος ἐπληροῦτο MPol 12:1 can also be placed here in case χάρις means nothing more than graciousness (s. 4 below); prob. also GJs 7:3 (s. 3b).② a beneficent disposition toward someone, favor, grace, gracious care/help, goodwill (almost a t.t. in the reciprocity-oriented world dominated by Hellenic influence [cp. e.g. OGI 669, 29] as well as by the Semitic sense of social obligation expressed in the term חֶסֶד [NGlueck, Das Wort ḥesed in alttestamentlichen Sprachgebrauche etc. 1927]. Of a different order and spirit is the subset of reciprocity known as Roman patronage, in which superiority of the donor over the client is clearly maintained)ⓐ act., that which one grants to another, the action of one who volunteers to do someth. not otherwise obligatory χάρις θεοῦ ἦν ἐπʼ αὐτό Lk 2:40. ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ (cp. τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Κλαυδίου χάριτι OGI 669, 29) Ac 11:2 D; 14:26. τοῦ κυρίου 15:40.—Esp. of the beneficent intention of God (cp. χ. in reference to God: Apollon. Rhod. 3, 1005 σοὶ θεόθεν χάρις ἔσσεται; Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 40 χ. τῶν θεῶν; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 320 D.; 53 p. 620; Sextus 436b; likew. in LXX, Philo, Joseph.; SibOr 4, 46=189; 5, 330; Ezk. Trag. 162 [Eus., PE 9, 29, 12].—χ. to denote beneficent dispensations of the emperor: OGI 669, 44 [I A.D.]; BGU 19 I, 21 [II A.D.] χάρ. τοῦ θεοῦ Αὐτοκράτορος; 1085 II, 4) and of Christ, who give (undeserved) gifts to people; God: δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν τῇ αὐτοῦ χάριτι Ro 3:24. Cp. 5:15a, 20f; 6:1; 11:5 (ἐκλογή 1), 6abc; Gal 1:15 (διά A 3e); Eph 1:6f (KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 337 [reff. to Qumran lit.]); 2:5, 7, 8; cp. Pol 1:3; 2 Th 1:12; 2:16; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 2:11 (ἡ χάρ. τοῦ θεοῦ σωτήριος; s. Dibelius, Hdb. exc. after Tit 2:14); 3:7; Hb 2:9 (χωρίς 2aα); 4:16a (DdeSilva, JBL 115, ’96, 100–103); 1 Cl 50:3; ISm 9:2; IPol 7:3. ἐν χάρ[ιτι θεοῦ] AcPl Ha 7, 23 (restoration uncertain). κατὰ χάριν as a favor, out of goodwill (cp. Pla., Leg. 740c; schol. on Soph., Oed. Col. 1751 p. 468 Papag.) Ro 4:4 (opp. κατὰ ὀφείλημα), 16.—The beneficence or favor of Christ: διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι Ac 15:11. Cp. Ro 5:15b; 2 Cor 8:9; 1 Ti 1:14; IPhld 8:1. On Ac 2:47 in this sense s. TAnderson, NTS 34, ’88, 604–10.ⓑ pass., that which one experiences fr. another (Arrian, Anab. Alex. 3, 26, 4) χάριν ἔχειν have favor 3J 4 v.l. πρός τινα with someone=win his respect Ac 2:47 (cp. 2a end; cp. Pind., O. 7, 89f χάριν καὶ ποτʼ ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνων grant him respect in the presence of his townfolk as well as strangers); παρά τινι (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 89 §376) Hm 10, 3, 1, cp. 5, 1, 5. εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 77, end) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10; ἐνώπιόν τινος Ac 7:46; GJs 11:2 (JosAs 15:14). ἐν τοῖς μέλλουσι μετανοεῖν among those who are about to repent Hm 12, 3, 3. Ἰησοῦς προέκοπτεν χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52 (an indication of exceptional ἀρετή, cp. Pind. above). Cp. Ac 4:33; 7:10 (ἐναντίον Φαραώ); Hb 4:16b.—ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν; what credit is that to you? Lk 6:32–34; s. D 1:3; 2 Cl 13:4. Cp. 1 Cor 9:16 v.l. In these passages the mng. comes close to reward (s. Wetter [5 below] 209ff w. reff.).—Also by metonymy that which brings someone (God’s) favor or wins a favorable response fr. God 1 Pt 2:19, 20.ⓒ In Christian epistolary lit. fr. the time of Paul χάρις is found w. the sense (divine) favor in fixed formulas at the beginning and end of letters (Zahn on Gal 1:3; vDobschütz on 1 Th 1:1; ELohmeyer, ZNW 26, 1927, 158ff; APujol, De Salutat. Apost. ‘Gratia vobis et pax’: Verb. Dom. 12, ’32, 38–40; 76–82; WFoerster, TW II ’34, 409ff; Goodsp., Probs. 141f. S. also the lit. s.v. χαίρω 2b). At the beginning of a letter χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη (sc. εἴη; New Docs 8, 127f) Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Th 1:1; 2 Th 1:2; Phlm 3; Rv 1:4; without ὑμῖν Tit 1:4. χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 Pt 1:2; 2 Pt 1:2; 1 Cl ins. χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη 1 Ti 1:2; 2 Ti 1:2; 2J 3 (on the triplet cp. En 5:7 φῶς καὶ χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη).—At the end ἡ χάρις (τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ etc.) μεθʼ ὑμῶν (or μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν etc.) Ro 16:20, 23 (24) v.l.; 1 Cor 16:23; 2 Cor 13:13; Gal 6:18; Eph 6:24; Phil 4:23; Col 4:18; 1 Th 5:28; 2 Th 3:18; 1 Ti 6:21; 2 Ti 4:22; Tit 3:15; Phlm 25; Hb 13:25; Rv 22:21; 1 Cl 65:2. ἔσται ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων τῶν φοβουμένων τὸν Κύριον GJs 25:2. ὁ κύριος τῆς δόξης καὶ πάσης χάριτος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν B 21:9. χάρις ὑμῖν, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ὑπομονὴ διὰ παντός ISm 12:2. ἔρρωσθε ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ 13:2.③ practical application of goodwill, (a sign of) favor, gracious deed/gift, benefactionⓐ on the part of humans (X., Symp. 8, 36, Ages. 4, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 49 §213; Dionys. Hal. 2, 15, 4) χάριν (-ιτα) καταθέσθαι τινί (κατατίθημι 2) Ac 24:27; 25:9. αἰτεῖσθαι χάριν 25:3 (in these passages from Ac χ. suggests [political] favor, someth. one does for another within a reciprocity system. Cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 108 §506 ἐς χάριν Σύλλα=as a favor to Sulla; ApcSed 8:1 οὐκ ἐποίησάς μοι χάριν=you did me no favor). ἵνα δευτέραν χάριν σχῆτε that you might have a second proof of my goodwill 2 Cor 1:15 (unless χάρις here means delight [so in poetry, Pind. et al., but also Pla., Isocr.; L-S-J-M s.v. χάρις IV; cp. also the quot. fr. Apollodorus at the beg. of the present entry, and the fact that χαρά is v.l. in 2 Cor 1:15]; in that case δευτέρα means double; but s. comm.). Of the collection for Jerusalem (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 42 §173 χάριτας λαμβάνειν=receive gifts) 1 Cor 16:3; 2 Cor 8:4, 6f, 19 (DdeSilva, JBL 115, ’96, 101). Cp. B 21:7.—Eph 4:29 may suggest a demonstration of human favor (cp. Plut., Mor. 514e χάριν παρασκευάζοντες ἀλλήλοις), but a ref. to the means by which divine grace is mediated is not to be ruled out (s. b below).ⓑ on the part of God and Christ; the context will show whether the emphasis is upon the possession of divine favor as a source of blessings for the believer, or upon a store of favor that is dispensed, or a favored status (i.e. standing in God’s favor) that is brought about, or a gracious deed wrought by God in Christ, or a gracious work that grows fr. more to more (so in contrast to the old covenant Mel., P. 3, 16 al.). God is called ὁ θεὸς πάσης χάριτος 1 Pt 5:10, i.e. God, who is noted for any conceivable benefit or favor; cp. B 21:9.—χάριν διδόναι τινί show favor to someone (Anacr. 110 Diehl; Appian, Ital. 5 §10): τὸν δόντα αὐτῷ τὴν χάριν GJs 14:2. ταπεινοῖς δίδωσι χάριν (Pr 3:34) Js 4:6b; 1 Pt 5:5; 1 Cl 30:2; without a dat. Js 4:6a (Menand., Epitr. 231 S. [55 Kö.]). Perh. καὶ ἔβαλλε κύριος … χάριν ἐπʼ αὐτήν GJs 7:3 (but s. 1 above). The Logos is πλήρης χάριτος J 1:14. Those who belong to him receive of the fullness of his grace, χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος vs. 16 (ἀντί 2). Cp. vs. 17. τὴν χάριν ταύτην ἐν ᾗ ἑστήκαμεν this favor (of God) we now enjoy Ro 5:2 (Goodsp.).—5:17; 1 Cor 1:4; 2 Cor 4:15 (divine beneficence in conversion); cp. Ac 11:23; 6:1; Gal 1:6 (by Christ’s gracious deed); 2:21; 5:4; Col 1:6; 2 Ti 2:1; Hb 12:15; 13:9; 1 Pt 1:10, 13; 3:7 (συνκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς fellow-heirs of the gift that spells life; s. ζωή 2bα); 5:12; 2 Pt 3:18; Jd 4; IPhld 11:1; ISm 6:2. Christians stand ὑπὸ χάριν under God’s gracious will as expressed in their release from legal constraint Ro 6:14f, or they come ὑπὸ τὸν ζυγὸν τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 16:17 (ζυγός 1). The proclamation of salvation is the message of divine beneficence τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς χάριτος τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 20:24 or ὁ λόγος τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ κυρίου) 14:3; 20:32. Even the gospel message can be called ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ 13:43; cp. 18:27; MPol 2:3. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος the Spirit from or through whom (God’s) favor is shown Hb 10:29 (AArgyle, Grace and the Covenant: ET 60, ’48/49, 26f).—Pl. benefits, favors (Diod S 3, 2, 4; 3, 73, 6; Sb 8139, 4 [ins of I B.C.] of Isis; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190) 1 Cl 23:1.—Nelson Glueck, Das Wort ḥesed etc. 1927, but s. FAndersen, ‘Yahweh, the Kind and Sensitive God’: God Who is Rich in Mercy, ed. PO’Brien/DPeterson ’86.④ exceptional effect produced by generosity, favor. Of effects produced by divine beneficence which go beyond those associated with a specific Christian’s status (ins μεγάλαι χάριτες τοῦ θεου: FCumont, Syria 7, 1926, 347ff), in the congregations of Macedonia 2 Cor 8:1 and Corinth 9:14; cp. vs. 8; in Rome AcPl Ha 7, 8. The Christian confessor is in full possession of divine grace ISm 11:1. Paul knows that through the χάρις of God he has been called to be an apostle, and that he has been fitted out w. the powers and capabilities requisite for this office fr. the same source: Ro 1:5; 12:3; 15:15; 1 Cor 3:10; 15:10ab (for the subject matter cp. Polyb. 12, 12b, 3 αὐτὸν [Alex. the Great] ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου τετευχέναι τούτων ὧν ἔτυχεν=whatever he has received he has received from what is divine. [For this reason he does not deserve any divine honors.]); 2 Cor 12:9; Gal 2:9; Eph 3:2, 7f; Phil 1:7.—The χάρις of God manifests itself in various χαρίσματα: Ro 12:6; Eph 4:7; 1 Pt 4:10. This brings into view a number of passages in which χάρις is evidently to be understood in a very concrete sense. It is hardly to be differentiated fr. δύναμις (θεοῦ) or fr. γνῶσις or δόξα (q.v. 1b. On this subj. s. Wetter [5 below] p. 94ff; esp. 130ff; pap in the GLumbroso Festschr. 1925, 212ff: χάρις, δύναμις, πνεῦμα w. essentially the same mng.; PGM 4, 2438; 3165; Herm. Wr. 1, 32; Just., D. 87, 5 ἀπὸ χάριτος τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ πνεύματος). οὐκ ἐν σοφίᾳ σαρκικῇ ἀλλʼ ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ 2 Cor 1:12. οὐκ ἐγὼ δὲ ἀλλὰ ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί 1 Cor 15:10c. αὐξάνετε ἐν χάριτι καὶ γνώσει τοῦ κυρίου 2 Pt 3:18; cp. 1 Cl 55:3; B 1:2 (τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάρις). Stephen is said to be πλήρης χάριτος καὶ δυνάμεως Ac 6:8. Divine power fills the Christian confessor or martyr w. a radiant glow MPol 12:1 (but s. 1 above). As the typical quality of the age to come, contrasted w. the κόσμος D 10:6.⑤ response to generosity or beneficence, thanks, gratitude (a fundamental component in the Gr-Rom. reciprocity system; exx. fr. later times: Diod S 11, 71, 4 [χάριτες=proofs of gratitude]; Appian, Syr. 3, 12; 13. Cp. Wetter [below] p. 206f) χάριν ἔχειν τινί be grateful to someone (Eur., Hec. 767; X., An. 2, 5, 14; Pla., Phlb. 54d; Ath. 2, 1; PLips 104, 14 [I B.C.] χάριν σοι ἔχω) foll. by ὅτι (Epict. 3, 5, 10; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 270; 2, 49) Lk 17:9 (ERiggenbach, NKZ 34, 1923, 439–43); mostly of gratitude to God or Christ; χάρις in our lit. as a whole, in the sense gratitude, refers to appropriate respone to the Deity for benefits conferred (Hom., Pind., Thu. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Jos., Ant. 7, 208) χάριν ἔχω τῷ θεῷ (POxy 113, 13 [II A.D.] χάριν ἔχω θεοῖς πᾶσιν.—Epict. 4, 7, 9) 2 Ti 1:3; foll. by ὅτι because 1 Ti 1:12 (Herm. Wr. 6, 4 κἀγὼ χάριν ἔχω τῷ θεῷ …, ὅτι; Jos., Ant. 4, 316); χάριν ἔχειν ἐπί τινι be grateful for someth. Phlm 7 v.l. (to humans). ἔχωμεν χάριν let us be thankful (to God) Hb 12:28 (the reason for it is given by the preceding ptc. παραλαμβάνοντες). Elliptically (B-D-F §128, 6; cp. Rob. 1201f) χάρις (ἔστω) τῷ θεῷ (X., Oec. 8, 16 πολλὴ χάρις τοῖς θεοῖς; Epict. 4, 4, 7 χάρις τῷ θεῳ; BGU 843, 6 [I/II A.D.] χάρις τοῖς θεοῖς al. in pap since III B.C..—Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 309) Ro 7:25; MPol 3:1. Foll. by ὅτι (X., An. 3, 3, 14 τοῖς θεοῖς χάρις ὅτι; PFay 124, 16 τοῖς θεοῖς ἐστιν χάρις ὅτι; Epict. 4, 5, 9) Ro 6:17. Foll. by ἐπί τινι for someth. (UPZ 108, 30 [99 B.C.]) 2 Cor 9:15. The reason for the thanks is given in the ptc. agreeing w. τῷ θεῷ 2:14; 8:16; 1 Cor 15:57 (cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 145; Philo, Somn. 2, 213). Thankfulness (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 15 §51 πρός τινα=toward someone) χάριτι in thankfulness 10:30. So prob. also ἐν τῇ χάριτι in a thankful spirit Col 3:16 (Dibelius, Hdb. ad loc.). πλησθῆναι χαρᾶς καὶ χάριτος AcPl Ha 8, 7. S. εὐχαριστέω, end. Also PSchubert, Form and Function of the Pauline Thanksgivings ’39.—OLoew, Χάρις, diss., Marburg 1908; GWetter, Charis 1913; AvHarnack, Sanftmut, Huld u. Demut in der alten Kirche: JKaftan Festschr. 1920, 113ff; NBonwetsch, Zur Geschichte des Begriffs Gnade in der alten Kirche: Harnack Festgabe 1921, 93–101; EBurton, Gal ICC 1921, 423f; WWhitley, The Doctrine of Grace ’32; JMoffatt, Grace in the NT ’31; RWinkler, D. Gnade im NT: ZST 10, ’33, 642–80; RHomann, D. Gnade in d. Syn. Ev.: ibid. 328–48; JWobbe, D. Charisgedanke b. Pls ’32; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 283–310 (Paul); HBoers, Ἀγάπη and Χάρις in Paul’s Thought: CBQ 59, ’97, 693–713; on 2 Cor 8: FDanker, Augsburg Comm. 2 Cor, 116–34; PRousselot, La Grâce d’après St. Jean et d’après St. Paul: SR 18, 1928, 87–108, Christent. u. Wissensch. 8, ’32, 402–30; JMontgomery, Hebrew Hesed and Gk. Charis: HTR 32, ’39, 97–102; Dodd 61f; TTorrance, The Doctrine of Grace in the Apost. Fathers, ’48; JRenié, Studia Anselmiana 27f, ’51, 340–50; CRSmith, The Bible Doctrine of Grace, ’56; EFlack, The Concept of Grace in Bibl. Thought: Bibl. Studies in Memory of HAlleman, ed. Myers, ’60, 137–54; DDoughty, NTS 19, ’73, 163–80.—B. 1166. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
11 con
prep.1 with.¿con quién vas? who are you going with?lo ha conseguido con su esfuerzo he has achieved it through his own effortsuna cartera con varios documentos a briefcase containing several documentscon el tiempo lo olvidé in time I forgot it2 in spite of (a pesar de).con todo despite everythingcon lo estudioso que es, le suspendieron for all his hard work, they still failed himEstá con mucho dolor He is in [with] a lot of pain.3 by.con hacerlo así by doing it this waycon salir a las diez es suficiente if we leave at ten, we'll have plenty of time* * *1 (instrumento, medio) with2 (modo, circunstancia) in, with■ ¿vas a salir con este frío? are you going out in this cold?■ me gustas con ese vestido you look nice in that dress, I like that dress on you3 (juntamente, en compañía) with4 (contenido) with5 (relación) to7 (comparación) compared to8 (a pesar de) in spite of, despite10 (aunque) in spite of■ con ser tan fuerte... in spite of being so strong...\con que / con tal de que / con tal que provided, as long ascon todo (y eso) nevertheless, even so* * *prep.1) with2) to, towards3) although•* * *PREP1) [indicando compañía, instrumento, medio] with¿con quién vas a ir? — who are you going with?
andar con muletas — to walk on o with crutches
con el tiempo — in the course of time, with time
2) [indicando características, estado]3) [indicando combinación] and4) [indicando contenido]encontraron una maleta con 800.000 dólares — they found a suitcase containing 800,000 dollars o with 800,000 dollars in it
5) [indicando modo]estar con algo, estar con dolor de muelas/la pierna escayolada — to have toothache/one's leg in plaster
con mucho gusto — certainly, by all means
6) [como complemento personal de algunos verbos] to¿con quién hablas? — who are you speaking to?
se ha casado con Jesús — she's married Jesús, she's got married to Jesús
7) [tras adjetivos] to, towardsamable con todos — kind to o towards everybody
ser insolente con el jefe — to be disrespectful to o towards the boss
8) [con decimales]once con siete — [11,7] eleven point seven ( 11.7)
9) (=pese a) in spite ofcon tantas dificultades, no se descorazonó — in spite of all o for all the difficulties he didn't lose heart
con ser su madre, le odia — even though she is his mother she hates him
con todo (y con eso), la gente se lo pasó bien — in spite of everything, people had a good time
10) [en exclamaciones]¡vaya con el niño! — * the cheeky monkey! *
¡con lo bien que se está aquí! — and it's so nice here too!
no me dejó ni un trocito, con lo que me gustan esos caramelos — he didn't even let me have a tiny piece, and he knows how much I like those sweets
11) [indicando una condición]a) + infincree que con confesarlo se librará del castigo — he thinks that by owning up he'll escape punishment
con decirle que no voy, se arreglará todo — when I tell him I'm not going, everything will be fine
b)con que + subjun —
con que me invite, me conformo — as long as o provided that she invites me, I don't mind
tal 3., 4)basta con que nos remita la tarjeta cumplimentada — all you have to do is send us the completed card
* * *1)a) (expresando relaciones de compañía, comunicación, reciprocidad) withb) (indicando el objeto de comportamiento, actitud)c) ( indicando el acompañamiento de algo) with2)¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? — how can we go in this rain?
ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or con lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto — she offered it to him, which put me in an awkward position
¿no lo vas a llevar, con lo que le gusta el circo? — aren't you going to take him? you know how much he likes the circus
con lo tarde que es, ya se debe haber ido — it's really late, he should have gone by now
con todo lo que tengo que hacer! — on top of everything else I have to do!; todo III 2)
3)a) (indicando instrumento, medio, material) withcórtalo con la tijera — cut it with the scissors, use the scissors to cut it
caray con la niña (or el vecino, etc)! — well would you believe it!
con + inf: con llorar no se arregla nada crying won't solve anything; con llamarlo por teléfono ya cumples if o as long as you call him, that should do; con decirte que... I mean, to give you an example...; me contento con que apruebes — as long as you pass I'll be happy; tal III 2)
b) ( indicando modo) withc) (al describir características, un estado)¿vas a ir con ese vestido? — are you going in that dress?
4) (AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario)* * *= by use of, with, WITH, possessed of, what with, not without, featuring.Ex. By use of the code 'p' on the saved document summary screen you can request than one of the saved document lists be printed.Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.Ex. WITH retrieves records in which two (or more) terms appear in the same field.Ex. Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.Ex. What with Consuelo Feng in tears and Bernice Washington very pale, and startled, all was incomprehensible.Ex. It has shown that the technology can work, but not without problems.Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.----* acoger con entusiasmo = greet + warmly.* andar con cuidado = tread + lightly.* asintiendo con entusiasmo = in eager assent.* con abundantes dorados = heavily gilt.* con afabilidad = good-naturedly.* con afán = earnestly.* con afecto = fondly, affectionately.* con agallas = spunky.* con agilidad = nimbly.* con agradecimiento = gratefully.* con agudeza = perceptively, subtly.* con ahínco = diligently, industriously.* con aire acondicionado = air conditioned.* con alas = winged.* con alborozo = mirthfully.* con alegría = joyously, gleefully.* con algoritmos = algorithmically.* con alimentación manual = hand-fed.* con altanería = superciliously, haughtily.* con altibajos = chequered [checkered, -USA].* con amabilidad = graciously.* con amargura = bitterly.* con amor no correspondido = lovelorn.* con anotaciones = scripted.* con ansias de conquistar el mundo = world-conquering.* con ansias de leer = reading-desirous.* con ansias de poder = power-hungry.* con ansiedad = eagerly, with bated breath.* con antelación = beforehand, ahead of time.* con antelación a = in anticipation of, in advance (of), prior to.* con anterioridad a = pre, prior to, before the days of.* con anterioridad a la contratación = pre-employment [preemployment].* con añoranza = longingly, wistfully.* con apatía = listlessly.* con aplicación = industriously, studiously.* con aprensión = apprehensively.* con aprobación = approvingly.* con ardor = ardently.* con armonía = harmoniously.* con arrogancia = superciliously, haughtily.* con asco = disgustedly.* con asiduidad = assiduously.* con aspecto de adulto = adult-looking.* con astucia = by cunning, astutely, slyly, shrewdly, cannily.* con atención = attentively.* con audacia = boldly.* con autoridad = authoritative, authoritatively.* con avances = stepped-up.* con avaricia = rapaciously.* con baño = en suite, en-suite bathroom, en-suite bath, en-suite facilities.* con barba = bearded.* con base de arena = sand-based.* con base empírica = empirically-based.* con base en = based in.* con bastante antelación = well in advance, far in advance.* con bastante frecuencia = quite frequently, fairly often.* con basura por el suelo = littered.* con bisagras = hinged.* con botones = buttoned, buttoned-up.* con botones por detrás = back-buttoning.* con brotes = budded.* con buena fama = respected.* con buena reputación = respected, reputable.* con buenas conexiones = well-connected.* con buenas intenciones = well meant, in good faith, well-intentioned, well-intended, well-meaning.* con buen gusto = tastefully.* con buen humor = good-humouredly.* con buenos contactos = well-connected.* con buenos modales = politely.* con bultos = lumpiness.* con burbujas = carbonated.* con cable = corded.* con cafeina = caffeinated.* con cajero = cashiered.* con calefacción = heated.* con calefacción central = centrally heated.* con calma = calmly, leisurely, tranquilly.* con capucha = hooded.* con cara de cansado = bleary-eyed.* con cara de sueño = bleary-eyed.* con cargo a = to be debited to, to be charged to.* con cargo de conciencia = remorseful.* con cariño = fondly, affectionately.* con carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].* con cautela = cautiously, warily, with a grain of salt.* con certeza = for sure, with assurance, for certain.* con chasis fabricado por separado del bastidor = coachbuilt [coach-built].* con cierta comodidad = with some ease.* con cierta facilidad = with some ease.* con cierta formación = educated.* con cierta frecuencia = not uncommonly.* con cierto detalle = at some length.* con cierto gasto = at some expense.* con cinismo = cynically.* con cintura de avispa = wasp-waisted.* con claustros = cloistered.* con clavos = hobnailed.* con cobro = fee-based.* con codicia = rapaciously.* con cola = caudate.* con cola espesa = bushy-tailed.* con cola tupida = bushy-tailed.* con cólicos = colicky newborn.* con columnas corintias = Corinthian-columned.* con comodidad = with ease, easily.* con comprensión = sympathetically.* con compromisos = strings attached.* con condiciones especiales = strings attached.* con confianza = confidently, with confidence, trustingly, trustfully.* con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.* con conocimiento = authoritatively.* con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].* con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].* con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.* con conocimiento de causa = knowingly.* con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].* con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.* con conocimientos en = versed in.* con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.* con consecuencias fatales = fatally.* con consentimiento = willing.* con contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.* con control atmosférico = atmospherically-controlled.* con copyright = copyright-protected.* con corazón de piedra = stony-hearted.* con corrientes de aire = draughty [drafty, -USA].* con cortesía = courteously.* con costras = caked.* con creces = amply, far + Verbo.* con créditos = credit-carrying.* con criterio = discerning.* con cualidades humanas = anthropomorphic.* con cuanta creatividad = how creatively.* con cuernos = horned.* con cuidado = gently, carefully.* con cúpula = domed.* con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].* con decisión = decisively.* con dedos pegajosos = sticky-fingered.* con deferencia = dutifully.* con deleite = with gusto.* con delicadeza = delicately, gently.* con demasiada facilidad = all too easily.* con demasiada frecuencia = all too often, all too frequently, too often.* con demasiadas expectativas = over expectant.* con demasiados miramientos = mealy-mouthed.* con demasiado trabajo = overworked.* con demasidad facilidad = all too easy.* con derecho a voto = eligible to vote.* con derecho de autor = copyright-protected.* con derechos de autor = copyrightable, royalty-paid.* con desaliento = despondently, dispiritedly, hopelessly.* con desánimo = dejectedly, despondently.* con desaprobación = disapproving, disapprovingly.* con descaro = impudently.* con desconfianza = suspiciously.* con descuento = at a discount, discounted, cut-price, cut-rate.* con desenfado = lightheartedly.* con desesperación = dispiritedly, hopelessly.* con desfachatez = impudently.* con desgana = listlessly, reluctantly, unwillingly.* con destino a = to.* con destreza = nimbly, adeptly, with ease.* con detalle = at a detailed level, in detail.* con determinación = with purpose, single-mindedly, purposefully, steadfastly.* con dientes de conejo = bucktoothed.* con dientes de sierra = serrated.* con dientes salidos = bucktoothed.* con diferencia = by far.* con diferentes variaciones = in variation.* con dificultad = laboriously, with difficulty.* con dificultades = in difficulties.* con diligencia = sedulously, industriously, studiously.* con dinamismo = proactively [pro-actively], vivaciously.* con diplomacia = diplomatically.* con discapacidades físicas = physically challenged.* con disimulo = on the quiet, on the sly.* con doble acristalamiento = double-glazed.* con doble titulación = dually qualified.* con dos caras = double-faced.* con dos facetas = double-faced.* con dudas = uncertainly.* con dudosa reputación = disreputable.* con dureza = harshly.* con efecto desde + Fecha = with effect from + Fecha.* con eficacia = ably.* con eficiencia = ably.* con efusión = effusively.* con ejemplos = by example(s).* con él = therewith.* con el agua al cuello = in hot water.* con el agua hasta el cuello = in deep water.* con el alma en vilo = on tenterhooks.* con el ánimo de = in the spirit of.* con el ceño fruncido = with a frown.* con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.* con el corazón destrozado = broken-hearted.* con el corazón en la boca = on tenterhooks.* con el corazón en un puño = on tenterhooks.* con el corazón partido = broken-hearted.* con el corazón roto = broken-hearted.* con el correr del tiempo = over the years, in the process of time, with the passage of time.* con el culo al aire = out in the cold.* con el debido respeto = with due respect.* con el decursar del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time.* con elegancia = elegantly, gracefully.* con el emblema = under the banner.* con el fin de = in order to.* con ello = in doing so, in the process, thereto.* con ellos = with them.* con el más sumo cuidado = with utmost care.* con el mayor cuidado = with utmost care.* con el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.* con el mismo = therewith.* con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....* con el mismo planteamiento que = on the same lines as.* con el nacimiento de = at the dawn of.* con el nombre y dirección del remitente = self-addressed.* con el número = numbered.* con el objetivo de = with the purpose of, with a brief to, with the aim of, with a focus on.* con el objeto de = in the attempt to, in the drive to, in a drive to.* con el paso de = with the passing of.* con el paso de los años = with the passing of (the) years.* con el paso del tiempo = over the years, over time, with the passage of time, in due course, over a period of time, in the course of time, over the course of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time went by.* con el pie deformado = clubfooted.* con el pretexto de = under the guise of, under the flag of, in the guise of.* con el primer intento = at the first shot.* con el propósito de = with the purpose of, with the aim of, in the drive to, in a drive to.* con el propósito de superarse uno mismo = self-improvement-oriented.* con el rabo entre las piernas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear.* con el sudor de + Posesivo + frente = by the sweat of + Posesivo + brow.* con el suelo de tierra = dirt-floored.* con el tiempo = in time, over the years, with time, with the passage of time, eventually, in due course, over a period of time, in due time, over time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time goes by, as time went by, by and by.* con el título = entitled.* con el transcurrir del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by).* con el transcurso de = with the passing of.* con el transcurso de los años = over the years, with the passing of (the) years.* con el transcurso de los siglos = over the course of the centuries.* con el transcurso del tiempo = over time, with time, with age, in the course of time, over the course of time, as time passes (by), as time went by.* con el uso = in use, with use.* con encimera de mármol = marble-top.* con energía = powerfully.* con enfado = angrily.* con enfermedades mentales = mentally challenged.* con entusiasmo = eagerly, enthusiastically, rhapsodically, wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly].* con entusiasmo en los ojos = bright-eyed.* con errores = flawed.* con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.* con escamas = flaky.* con ese fin = to that end.* con esmero = sedulously, studiously.* con eso = thereto, by this.* con esperanza = in hopeful expectation.* con espíritu deportivo = sportingly.* con este fin = to this end, to that effect.* con estilo = stylish.* con esto = by so doing, in so doing, in this, herewith, by doing so, by this, in doing so.* con estructura de acero = steel-framed.* con estructura de madera = timber-framed.* con estudios = schooled, educated.* con exactitud = precisely.* con excepción de = with the exception of, except for.* con éxito = successful, successfully, winningly.* con expectación = expectantly.* con experiencia = experienced.* con experiencia ampliamente demostrada = proven.* con experiencia profesional = professionally-qualified.* con exuberancia = lushly.* con facilidad = without difficulty, fluently, with ease, easily.* con fascinación = rhapsodically.* con fecha = dated, dated.* con fecha + Fecha = dated + Fecha.* con ferocidad = ferociously.* con figuras en movimiento = animated.* con filtros = filtered.* con financiación independiente = self-funded.* con financiación propia = self-funded.* con fines + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.* con fines lucrativos = profit-making, profit-orientated, profit-oriented, profit-generating.* con firma = signed.* con firmeza = assertively, resolutely, firmly, unshakably, staunchly.* con flexibilidad = flexibly.* con fluidez = fluent, fluently.* con forma de castillo = castellated.* con forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].* con forma de pelo = hair-like.* con forma de pera = pear-shaped.* con forma de pirámide = trihedral, pyramidal-shaped.* con forma de tetraedro = trihedral.* con forma de U = U-shaped.* con forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.* con franqueza = frankly.* con frecuencia = frequently, often [oftener -comp., oftenest -sup.], oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].* con frondosidad = lushly.* con fuertes aspiraciones profesionales = upward-mobile.* con fuerza = forcefully, vigourously [vigorously, -USA], powerfully.* con funda = jacketed.* con fundamentos = informed.* con fundamentos sólidos = well-considered.* con furia = with a vengeance, furiously.* con futuro = up-and-coming.* con gafas = bespectacled.* con ganas = with gusto.* con ganas de pelear = on the warpath.* con garantías de calidad = quality assured.* con gas = carbonated.* con generosidad = generously, unstintingly.* con goteras = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].* con gracia = wittily, funnily.* con gran capacidad = capacious.* con gran colorido = brightly coloured.* con gran densidad de población = densely populated.* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.* con grandilocuencia = grandly.* con gran esplendor = grandly.* con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.* con gran motivación = highly-motivated.* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.* con gratitud = gratefully.* con gravedad = grimly.* con guión = hyphenated.* con gusto = happily, satisfyingly, stylish, willingly.* con habilidad = adeptly.* con hambre de poder = power-hungry.* con hastial = gabled.* con heridas superficiales = superficially wounded.* con honestidad = honestly.* con humildad = humbly.* con humor = humorously.* con ilusión = eagerly.* con imágenes en movimiento = animated.* con imaginación = imaginatively.* con impaciencia = with bated breath.* con impasibilidad = impassively.* con impunidad = with impunity.* con incredulidad = incredulously.* con independencia de = in spite of, despite, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.* con indiferencia = indifferently, casually.* con indignación = disgustedly, indignantly.* con indulgencia = leniently.* con información = information-bearing.* con iniciativa = proactively [pro-actively], proactive [pro-active], enterprising.* con inocencia = innocently.* con insistencia = insistently.* con insolencia = impudently.* con intencionalidad = calculated.* con intenciones ocultas = agenda-laden.* con intereses ocultos = agenda-laden.* con intereses propios = self-interested.* con interrupciones = discontinuous, episodic.* con intervención directa = obtrusive.* con ira = angrily.* con júbilo = joyously, gleefully.* con juicio de valor = value-loaded.* con la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.* con la ayuda de = under the guidance of.* con la cabeza en las nubes = ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].* con la conciencia limpia = with a clear conscience.* con la conciencia tranquila = with a clear conscience.* con la condición de que = on the understanding that, with the condition that, on the condition that.* con la convicción de que = in the belief that/of, on the assumption that.* con la debida consideración = with due consideration.* con la debida cualificación = properly qualified.* con la edad = with age.* con la espalda contra la pared = up against the wall.* con la esperanza de = in hope(s) of, with the hope(s) of.* con la esperanza de que = in the hope(s) that, in hope(s) that.* con la excusa de = in the name of, under the mantle of, under the flag of, under the guise of, in the guise of.* con la expectativa de que = in hopeful expectation that.* con la extensión de un libro = book-length.* con la falda típica escocesa = kilted.* con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.* con la frente en alto = stand + tall.* con lagañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* con la imaginación = in imagination.* con la intención de = designing, with an eye toward(s), intending to, aimed at, purposefully, intended to, in the drive to, in a drive to.* con la intención de comunicar hechos = fact-communicating.* con la llegada de = with the advent of, with the arrival of.* con la mejor voluntad del mundo = in good faith.* con la mente despejada = clear-headed.* con la mirada en = with an eye toward(s).* con la mirada en blanco = blankly.* con la mirada perdida = stare into + space, gaze into + space.* con la mirada puesta en = with an eye on, in + Posesivo + sights.* con la misma altura que = the full height of.* con la portada hacia fuera = face-out.* con la punta de los pies mirando hacia dentro = pigeon-toed.* con la sabiduría que da la experiencia = with the benefit of hindsight.* con las características similares a las de texto = text-like.* con lascivia = lustily.* con las dimensiones de una pared = wall-sized.* con las dos manos = two handed [two-handed].* con las espalda contra la pared = with + Posesivo + back against the wall.* con las esquinas dobladas = dog-eared.* con las garras fuera = knives-out.* con las manos muy largas = light-fingered.* con las manos vacías = empty-handed.* con las mejores intenciones = best-intentioned.* con la soga al cuello = in dire straits.* con las orejas gachas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear, depressed.* con las rodillas mirando hacia dentro y los talones hacia fuera = knock-kneed.* con (la) suficiente antelación = in good time, early enough, well in advance.* con las uñas fuera = knives-out.* con lazos muy estrechos = close-knit.* con legañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* con licencia para vender bebidas alcohólicas = licensed, licensed.* con limitación temporal = time-oriented.* con límites impuestos por uno mismo = self-limiting.* con llave = locked, locking.* con lo cual = whereupon.* con lo pies sobre la tierra = down-to-earth.* con los nervios a flor de piel = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge, highly-strung.* con los nervios de punta = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge.* con los ojos empañados = misty-eyed.* con los ojos hinchados = bleary-eyed.* con los ojos llorosos = misty-eyed, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* con los ojos nublados = misty-eyed.* con los ojos vendados = blindfold, blindfolded.* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.* con lujuria = lustily.* con machetes = machete-wielding.* con madurez = maturely.* con magnanimidad = magnanimously.* con mala fama = disreputable.* con mala reputación = disreputable.* con maldad = ill-naturedly.* con malhumor = moodily.* con maña = skilfully [skillfully, -USA], skilful [skillful, -USA].* con marca = branded.* con más antigüedad = longest-serving.* con más detalle = in most detail, in more detail.* con más frecuencia = most frequently.* con más intensidad aun = with a vengeance.* con más razón aún = a fortiori.* con más vigor aun = with a vengeance.* con más virulencia aun = with a vengeance.* con más vitalidad = revitalised [revitalized, -USA].* con mayor detalle = in greater detail.* con mayor profundidad = in most detail, in more detail.* con meandros = meandering.* con mechones = streaky [streaker -comp., streakiest -sup.].* con medios insuficientes = on a shoestring (budget).* con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).* con medios muy exiguos = on a shoestring (budget).* con mejoras = stepped-up.* con melancolía = wistfully.* con miedo = fearfully, afraid, frightened.* con millones de ventas = megaselling.* con miras a (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).* con miras al futuro = forward-looking.* con moderación = sparingly, in moderation.* con motivo de = on the occasion of.* con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.* con mucha cohesión = tightly knit, closely knit, tight-knit.* con mucha diferencia = by far.* con mucha energía = high energy.* con mucha frecuencia = very often.* con mucha información = populated.* con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-tongued, smooth-talking.* con mucha palabrería = glibly.* con mucha población = heavily populated.* con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.* con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.* con muchas actividades = event-filled.* con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.* con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.* con muchas imágenes = image intensive.* con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.* con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].* con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, overwhelmingly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.* con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.* con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.* con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.* con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.* con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.* con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].* con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.* con muchos detalles = elaborately.* con muchos eventos = event-filled.* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].* con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.* con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.* con mucho trabajo = painfully.* con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom, all too seldom.* con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions, with a few exceptions.* con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).* con naturalidad = unselfconsciously.* con nervios = rib.* con niebla = foggy [foggier -comp., foggiest -sup.].* con nosotros = with us.* con nostalgia = wistfully.* con notas a pie de página = footnoted.* con + Número + año(s) de antelación = Número + year(s) ahead.* con objetivos específicos = goal-oriented.* con objeto de = in order to, in an attempt to, in an effort to, aimed at, with the purpose of, in a bid to, with the aim of.* con objeto de hacer = toward(s).* con objeto de (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).* con objeto de + Verbo = for the purpose of + Nombre.* con ocasión de = on the occasion of.* con ojos azules = blue-eyed.* con ojos brillantes = bright-eyed.* con ojos de lince = eagle-eyed, sharp-eyed.* con ojos vivarachos = bright-eyed.* con olor a ajo = garlicky.* con olor a cerrado = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].* con olor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].* con olor a humedad = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].* con olor a orina = urinous.* con olor a polvo = dust smelling.* con orgullo = proudly.* con otra copa de lo mismo se te cura la resaca = a hair of the dog that bit you.* con paciencia = patiently.* con pagos pendientes = be in arrears.* con papel de calco intercalado = carbon interleaved paper.* con participación del público mediante llamada telefónica = phone-in.* con pasión = with passion, passionately.* con patas = legged.* con peligro de muerte = life threatening.* con pelo cano = gray-haired, grey-haired.* con pelos y señales = blow-by-blow.* con pequeños matices = nuanced.* con pereza = lazily.* con perplejidad = quizzically, perplexedly.* con perspicacia = perceptively.* con pesar = with regret.* con pesimismo = pessimistically, gloomily.* con picardía = slyly, wickedly.* con pie firme = sure-footed.* con piernas = legged.* con pinzas = with a grain of salt, clamp-on.* con planes ocultos = agenda-laden.* con pleno derecho = with full rights.* con pliegues = pleated.* con poca claridad = indistinctly.* con poca exactitud = loosely.* con poca experiencia = inexperienced.* con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.* con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.* con poca luz = badly-lit.* con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.* con poca población = thinly populated.* con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.* con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].* con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.* con poco dinero = on the cheap.* con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.* con pocos recursos = under-resourced.* con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.* con poder = powerful.* con + Posesivo + ayuda = under + Posesivo + guidance.* con posibilidades comerciales = commercially viable.* con posterioridad a = subsequent to.* con posterioridad a la contratación = post-employment [postemployment].* con precipitación = rashly.* con precisión = precisely.* con preferencia = preferably.* con preferencia sobre = in preference to.* con prejuicios = prejudicial.* con prepotencia = superciliously, haughtily.* con pretensiones de superioridad moral = self-righteous.* con principios = principled.* con prisa = in a rush, in a hurry.* con problemas = in hot water.* con problemas de aprendizaje = learning disabled.* con problemas de lectura = print disabled.* con problemas de vista = vision impaired.* con problemas visuales = vision impaired.* con profusión = in profusion.* con prontitud = expeditiously, promptly.* con provecho = with profit.* con púas = spiny [spinier -comp., spiniest -sup.].* con rabo = caudate.* con ráfagas de viento = blustery.* con rapacidad = rapaciously.* con rapidez = promptly.* con razón = rightly, quite rightly, understandably, rightfully.* con rebeldía = defiantly.* con referencia = re.* con referencia a = in relation to, in connection with, regarding.* con referencias espaciales = spatially referenced.* con regocijo = gleefully.* con regularidad = regularly.* con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.* con rencor = spitefully.* con reproche = reprovingly, reproachfully.* con repugnancia = disgustedly.* con resentimiento = resentfully, spitefully.* con reserva = doubtfully.* con reservas = qualified, with reservations.* con resignación = resignedly, uncomplainingly.* con resolución = resolutely.* con respecto a = concerning, in regard to, regarding, regarding, vis à vis, with regard(s) to, with respect to, within, as to, in extent of, in terms of, in the way of, as for, as regards, in relation to, in comparison with, in comparison to, as to the matter of, in reference to, now as to.* con respecto a si... o... = as to whether... or....* con respeto = respectfully.* con responsabilidad = responsibly.* con retraso mental = mentally retarded.* con rigor = rigourously [rigorously, -USA], harshly.* con ruedas = wheeled.* con rumbo a = bound for.* con sabiduría = sagely.* con sabor = flavoured [flavored, -USA].* con sabor a ajo = garlicky.* con sabor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].* con sabor artificial = artificially flavoured.* con sagacidad = shrewdly.* con saldo = prepaid [pre-paid].* con salida al mercado = due out.* con sarcasmo = sardonically, pungently.* con satisfacción = contentedly.* con sed = thirsty [thirstier -comp., thirstiest -sup.].* con sed de poder = power-hungry.* con sede en = headquartered (at/in), based in.[b]* con sede en Amér* * *1)a) (expresando relaciones de compañía, comunicación, reciprocidad) withb) (indicando el objeto de comportamiento, actitud)c) ( indicando el acompañamiento de algo) with2)¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? — how can we go in this rain?
ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or con lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto — she offered it to him, which put me in an awkward position
¿no lo vas a llevar, con lo que le gusta el circo? — aren't you going to take him? you know how much he likes the circus
con lo tarde que es, ya se debe haber ido — it's really late, he should have gone by now
con todo lo que tengo que hacer! — on top of everything else I have to do!; todo III 2)
3)a) (indicando instrumento, medio, material) withcórtalo con la tijera — cut it with the scissors, use the scissors to cut it
caray con la niña (or el vecino, etc)! — well would you believe it!
con + inf: con llorar no se arregla nada crying won't solve anything; con llamarlo por teléfono ya cumples if o as long as you call him, that should do; con decirte que... I mean, to give you an example...; me contento con que apruebes — as long as you pass I'll be happy; tal III 2)
b) ( indicando modo) withc) (al describir características, un estado)¿vas a ir con ese vestido? — are you going in that dress?
4) (AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario)* * *= by use of, with, WITH, possessed of, what with, not without, featuring.Ex: By use of the code 'p' on the saved document summary screen you can request than one of the saved document lists be printed.
Ex: Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.Ex: WITH retrieves records in which two (or more) terms appear in the same field.Ex: Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.Ex: What with Consuelo Feng in tears and Bernice Washington very pale, and startled, all was incomprehensible.Ex: It has shown that the technology can work, but not without problems.Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.* acoger con entusiasmo = greet + warmly.* andar con cuidado = tread + lightly.* asintiendo con entusiasmo = in eager assent.* con abundantes dorados = heavily gilt.* con afabilidad = good-naturedly.* con afán = earnestly.* con afecto = fondly, affectionately.* con agallas = spunky.* con agilidad = nimbly.* con agradecimiento = gratefully.* con agudeza = perceptively, subtly.* con ahínco = diligently, industriously.* con aire acondicionado = air conditioned.* con alas = winged.* con alborozo = mirthfully.* con alegría = joyously, gleefully.* con algoritmos = algorithmically.* con alimentación manual = hand-fed.* con altanería = superciliously, haughtily.* con altibajos = chequered [checkered, -USA].* con amabilidad = graciously.* con amargura = bitterly.* con amor no correspondido = lovelorn.* con anotaciones = scripted.* con ansias de conquistar el mundo = world-conquering.* con ansias de leer = reading-desirous.* con ansias de poder = power-hungry.* con ansiedad = eagerly, with bated breath.* con antelación = beforehand, ahead of time.* con antelación a = in anticipation of, in advance (of), prior to.* con anterioridad a = pre, prior to, before the days of.* con anterioridad a la contratación = pre-employment [preemployment].* con añoranza = longingly, wistfully.* con apatía = listlessly.* con aplicación = industriously, studiously.* con aprensión = apprehensively.* con aprobación = approvingly.* con ardor = ardently.* con armonía = harmoniously.* con arrogancia = superciliously, haughtily.* con asco = disgustedly.* con asiduidad = assiduously.* con aspecto de adulto = adult-looking.* con astucia = by cunning, astutely, slyly, shrewdly, cannily.* con atención = attentively.* con audacia = boldly.* con autoridad = authoritative, authoritatively.* con avances = stepped-up.* con avaricia = rapaciously.* con baño = en suite, en-suite bathroom, en-suite bath, en-suite facilities.* con barba = bearded.* con base de arena = sand-based.* con base empírica = empirically-based.* con base en = based in.* con bastante antelación = well in advance, far in advance.* con bastante frecuencia = quite frequently, fairly often.* con basura por el suelo = littered.* con bisagras = hinged.* con botones = buttoned, buttoned-up.* con botones por detrás = back-buttoning.* con brotes = budded.* con buena fama = respected.* con buena reputación = respected, reputable.* con buenas conexiones = well-connected.* con buenas intenciones = well meant, in good faith, well-intentioned, well-intended, well-meaning.* con buen gusto = tastefully.* con buen humor = good-humouredly.* con buenos contactos = well-connected.* con buenos modales = politely.* con bultos = lumpiness.* con burbujas = carbonated.* con cable = corded.* con cafeina = caffeinated.* con cajero = cashiered.* con calefacción = heated.* con calefacción central = centrally heated.* con calma = calmly, leisurely, tranquilly.* con capucha = hooded.* con cara de cansado = bleary-eyed.* con cara de sueño = bleary-eyed.* con cargo a = to be debited to, to be charged to.* con cargo de conciencia = remorseful.* con cariño = fondly, affectionately.* con carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].* con cautela = cautiously, warily, with a grain of salt.* con certeza = for sure, with assurance, for certain.* con chasis fabricado por separado del bastidor = coachbuilt [coach-built].* con cierta comodidad = with some ease.* con cierta facilidad = with some ease.* con cierta formación = educated.* con cierta frecuencia = not uncommonly.* con cierto detalle = at some length.* con cierto gasto = at some expense.* con cinismo = cynically.* con cintura de avispa = wasp-waisted.* con claustros = cloistered.* con clavos = hobnailed.* con cobro = fee-based.* con codicia = rapaciously.* con cola = caudate.* con cola espesa = bushy-tailed.* con cola tupida = bushy-tailed.* con cólicos = colicky newborn.* con columnas corintias = Corinthian-columned.* con comodidad = with ease, easily.* con comprensión = sympathetically.* con compromisos = strings attached.* con condiciones especiales = strings attached.* con confianza = confidently, with confidence, trustingly, trustfully.* con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.* con conocimiento = authoritatively.* con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].* con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].* con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.* con conocimiento de causa = knowingly.* con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].* con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.* con conocimientos en = versed in.* con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.* con consecuencias fatales = fatally.* con consentimiento = willing.* con contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.* con control atmosférico = atmospherically-controlled.* con copyright = copyright-protected.* con corazón de piedra = stony-hearted.* con corrientes de aire = draughty [drafty, -USA].* con cortesía = courteously.* con costras = caked.* con creces = amply, far + Verbo.* con créditos = credit-carrying.* con criterio = discerning.* con cualidades humanas = anthropomorphic.* con cuanta creatividad = how creatively.* con cuernos = horned.* con cuidado = gently, carefully.* con cúpula = domed.* con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].* con decisión = decisively.* con dedos pegajosos = sticky-fingered.* con deferencia = dutifully.* con deleite = with gusto.* con delicadeza = delicately, gently.* con demasiada facilidad = all too easily.* con demasiada frecuencia = all too often, all too frequently, too often.* con demasiadas expectativas = over expectant.* con demasiados miramientos = mealy-mouthed.* con demasiado trabajo = overworked.* con demasidad facilidad = all too easy.* con derecho a voto = eligible to vote.* con derecho de autor = copyright-protected.* con derechos de autor = copyrightable, royalty-paid.* con desaliento = despondently, dispiritedly, hopelessly.* con desánimo = dejectedly, despondently.* con desaprobación = disapproving, disapprovingly.* con descaro = impudently.* con desconfianza = suspiciously.* con descuento = at a discount, discounted, cut-price, cut-rate.* con desenfado = lightheartedly.* con desesperación = dispiritedly, hopelessly.* con desfachatez = impudently.* con desgana = listlessly, reluctantly, unwillingly.* con destino a = to.* con destreza = nimbly, adeptly, with ease.* con detalle = at a detailed level, in detail.* con determinación = with purpose, single-mindedly, purposefully, steadfastly.* con dientes de conejo = bucktoothed.* con dientes de sierra = serrated.* con dientes salidos = bucktoothed.* con diferencia = by far.* con diferentes variaciones = in variation.* con dificultad = laboriously, with difficulty.* con dificultades = in difficulties.* con diligencia = sedulously, industriously, studiously.* con dinamismo = proactively [pro-actively], vivaciously.* con diplomacia = diplomatically.* con discapacidades físicas = physically challenged.* con disimulo = on the quiet, on the sly.* con doble acristalamiento = double-glazed.* con doble titulación = dually qualified.* con dos caras = double-faced.* con dos facetas = double-faced.* con dudas = uncertainly.* con dudosa reputación = disreputable.* con dureza = harshly.* con efecto desde + Fecha = with effect from + Fecha.* con eficacia = ably.* con eficiencia = ably.* con efusión = effusively.* con ejemplos = by example(s).* con él = therewith.* con el agua al cuello = in hot water.* con el agua hasta el cuello = in deep water.* con el alma en vilo = on tenterhooks.* con el ánimo de = in the spirit of.* con el ceño fruncido = with a frown.* con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.* con el corazón destrozado = broken-hearted.* con el corazón en la boca = on tenterhooks.* con el corazón en un puño = on tenterhooks.* con el corazón partido = broken-hearted.* con el corazón roto = broken-hearted.* con el correr del tiempo = over the years, in the process of time, with the passage of time.* con el culo al aire = out in the cold.* con el debido respeto = with due respect.* con el decursar del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time.* con elegancia = elegantly, gracefully.* con el emblema = under the banner.* con el fin de = in order to.* con ello = in doing so, in the process, thereto.* con ellos = with them.* con el más sumo cuidado = with utmost care.* con el mayor cuidado = with utmost care.* con el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.* con el mismo = therewith.* con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....* con el mismo planteamiento que = on the same lines as.* con el nacimiento de = at the dawn of.* con el nombre y dirección del remitente = self-addressed.* con el número = numbered.* con el objetivo de = with the purpose of, with a brief to, with the aim of, with a focus on.* con el objeto de = in the attempt to, in the drive to, in a drive to.* con el paso de = with the passing of.* con el paso de los años = with the passing of (the) years.* con el paso del tiempo = over the years, over time, with the passage of time, in due course, over a period of time, in the course of time, over the course of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time went by.* con el pie deformado = clubfooted.* con el pretexto de = under the guise of, under the flag of, in the guise of.* con el primer intento = at the first shot.* con el propósito de = with the purpose of, with the aim of, in the drive to, in a drive to.* con el propósito de superarse uno mismo = self-improvement-oriented.* con el rabo entre las piernas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear.* con el sudor de + Posesivo + frente = by the sweat of + Posesivo + brow.* con el suelo de tierra = dirt-floored.* con el tiempo = in time, over the years, with time, with the passage of time, eventually, in due course, over a period of time, in due time, over time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time goes by, as time went by, by and by.* con el título = entitled.* con el transcurrir del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by).* con el transcurso de = with the passing of.* con el transcurso de los años = over the years, with the passing of (the) years.* con el transcurso de los siglos = over the course of the centuries.* con el transcurso del tiempo = over time, with time, with age, in the course of time, over the course of time, as time passes (by), as time went by.* con el uso = in use, with use.* con encimera de mármol = marble-top.* con energía = powerfully.* con enfado = angrily.* con enfermedades mentales = mentally challenged.* con entusiasmo = eagerly, enthusiastically, rhapsodically, wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly].* con entusiasmo en los ojos = bright-eyed.* con errores = flawed.* con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.* con escamas = flaky.* con ese fin = to that end.* con esmero = sedulously, studiously.* con eso = thereto, by this.* con esperanza = in hopeful expectation.* con espíritu deportivo = sportingly.* con este fin = to this end, to that effect.* con estilo = stylish.* con esto = by so doing, in so doing, in this, herewith, by doing so, by this, in doing so.* con estructura de acero = steel-framed.* con estructura de madera = timber-framed.* con estudios = schooled, educated.* con exactitud = precisely.* con excepción de = with the exception of, except for.* con éxito = successful, successfully, winningly.* con expectación = expectantly.* con experiencia = experienced.* con experiencia ampliamente demostrada = proven.* con experiencia profesional = professionally-qualified.* con exuberancia = lushly.* con facilidad = without difficulty, fluently, with ease, easily.* con fascinación = rhapsodically.* con fecha = dated, dated.* con fecha + Fecha = dated + Fecha.* con ferocidad = ferociously.* con figuras en movimiento = animated.* con filtros = filtered.* con financiación independiente = self-funded.* con financiación propia = self-funded.* con fines + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.* con fines lucrativos = profit-making, profit-orientated, profit-oriented, profit-generating.* con firma = signed.* con firmeza = assertively, resolutely, firmly, unshakably, staunchly.* con flexibilidad = flexibly.* con fluidez = fluent, fluently.* con forma de castillo = castellated.* con forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].* con forma de pelo = hair-like.* con forma de pera = pear-shaped.* con forma de pirámide = trihedral, pyramidal-shaped.* con forma de tetraedro = trihedral.* con forma de U = U-shaped.* con forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.* con franqueza = frankly.* con frecuencia = frequently, often [oftener -comp., oftenest -sup.], oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].* con frondosidad = lushly.* con fuertes aspiraciones profesionales = upward-mobile.* con fuerza = forcefully, vigourously [vigorously, -USA], powerfully.* con funda = jacketed.* con fundamentos = informed.* con fundamentos sólidos = well-considered.* con furia = with a vengeance, furiously.* con futuro = up-and-coming.* con gafas = bespectacled.* con ganas = with gusto.* con ganas de pelear = on the warpath.* con garantías de calidad = quality assured.* con gas = carbonated.* con generosidad = generously, unstintingly.* con goteras = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].* con gracia = wittily, funnily.* con gran capacidad = capacious.* con gran colorido = brightly coloured.* con gran densidad de población = densely populated.* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.* con grandilocuencia = grandly.* con gran esplendor = grandly.* con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.* con gran motivación = highly-motivated.* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.* con gratitud = gratefully.* con gravedad = grimly.* con guión = hyphenated.* con gusto = happily, satisfyingly, stylish, willingly.* con habilidad = adeptly.* con hambre de poder = power-hungry.* con hastial = gabled.* con heridas superficiales = superficially wounded.* con honestidad = honestly.* con humildad = humbly.* con humor = humorously.* con ilusión = eagerly.* con imágenes en movimiento = animated.* con imaginación = imaginatively.* con impaciencia = with bated breath.* con impasibilidad = impassively.* con impunidad = with impunity.* con incredulidad = incredulously.* con independencia de = in spite of, despite, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.* con indiferencia = indifferently, casually.* con indignación = disgustedly, indignantly.* con indulgencia = leniently.* con información = information-bearing.* con iniciativa = proactively [pro-actively], proactive [pro-active], enterprising.* con inocencia = innocently.* con insistencia = insistently.* con insolencia = impudently.* con intencionalidad = calculated.* con intenciones ocultas = agenda-laden.* con intereses ocultos = agenda-laden.* con intereses propios = self-interested.* con interrupciones = discontinuous, episodic.* con intervención directa = obtrusive.* con ira = angrily.* con júbilo = joyously, gleefully.* con juicio de valor = value-loaded.* con la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.* con la ayuda de = under the guidance of.* con la cabeza en las nubes = ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].* con la conciencia limpia = with a clear conscience.* con la conciencia tranquila = with a clear conscience.* con la condición de que = on the understanding that, with the condition that, on the condition that.* con la convicción de que = in the belief that/of, on the assumption that.* con la debida consideración = with due consideration.* con la debida cualificación = properly qualified.* con la edad = with age.* con la espalda contra la pared = up against the wall.* con la esperanza de = in hope(s) of, with the hope(s) of.* con la esperanza de que = in the hope(s) that, in hope(s) that.* con la excusa de = in the name of, under the mantle of, under the flag of, under the guise of, in the guise of.* con la expectativa de que = in hopeful expectation that.* con la extensión de un libro = book-length.* con la falda típica escocesa = kilted.* con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.* con la frente en alto = stand + tall.* con lagañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* con la imaginación = in imagination.* con la intención de = designing, with an eye toward(s), intending to, aimed at, purposefully, intended to, in the drive to, in a drive to.* con la intención de comunicar hechos = fact-communicating.* con la llegada de = with the advent of, with the arrival of.* con la mejor voluntad del mundo = in good faith.* con la mente despejada = clear-headed.* con la mirada en = with an eye toward(s).* con la mirada en blanco = blankly.* con la mirada perdida = stare into + space, gaze into + space.* con la mirada puesta en = with an eye on, in + Posesivo + sights.* con la misma altura que = the full height of.* con la portada hacia fuera = face-out.* con la punta de los pies mirando hacia dentro = pigeon-toed.* con la sabiduría que da la experiencia = with the benefit of hindsight.* con las características similares a las de texto = text-like.* con lascivia = lustily.* con las dimensiones de una pared = wall-sized.* con las dos manos = two handed [two-handed].* con las espalda contra la pared = with + Posesivo + back against the wall.* con las esquinas dobladas = dog-eared.* con las garras fuera = knives-out.* con las manos muy largas = light-fingered.* con las manos vacías = empty-handed.* con las mejores intenciones = best-intentioned.* con la soga al cuello = in dire straits.* con las orejas gachas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear, depressed.* con las rodillas mirando hacia dentro y los talones hacia fuera = knock-kneed.* con (la) suficiente antelación = in good time, early enough, well in advance.* con las uñas fuera = knives-out.* con lazos muy estrechos = close-knit.* con legañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* con licencia para vender bebidas alcohólicas = licensed, licensed.* con limitación temporal = time-oriented.* con límites impuestos por uno mismo = self-limiting.* con llave = locked, locking.* con lo cual = whereupon.* con lo pies sobre la tierra = down-to-earth.* con los nervios a flor de piel = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge, highly-strung.* con los nervios de punta = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge.* con los ojos empañados = misty-eyed.* con los ojos hinchados = bleary-eyed.* con los ojos llorosos = misty-eyed, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* con los ojos nublados = misty-eyed.* con los ojos vendados = blindfold, blindfolded.* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.* con lujuria = lustily.* con machetes = machete-wielding.* con madurez = maturely.* con magnanimidad = magnanimously.* con mala fama = disreputable.* con mala reputación = disreputable.* con maldad = ill-naturedly.* con malhumor = moodily.* con maña = skilfully [skillfully, -USA], skilful [skillful, -USA].* con marca = branded.* con más antigüedad = longest-serving.* con más detalle = in most detail, in more detail.* con más frecuencia = most frequently.* con más intensidad aun = with a vengeance.* con más razón aún = a fortiori.* con más vigor aun = with a vengeance.* con más virulencia aun = with a vengeance.* con más vitalidad = revitalised [revitalized, -USA].* con mayor detalle = in greater detail.* con mayor profundidad = in most detail, in more detail.* con meandros = meandering.* con mechones = streaky [streaker -comp., streakiest -sup.].* con medios insuficientes = on a shoestring (budget).* con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).* con medios muy exiguos = on a shoestring (budget).* con mejoras = stepped-up.* con melancolía = wistfully.* con miedo = fearfully, afraid, frightened.* con millones de ventas = megaselling.* con miras a (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).* con miras al futuro = forward-looking.* con moderación = sparingly, in moderation.* con motivo de = on the occasion of.* con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.* con mucha cohesión = tightly knit, closely knit, tight-knit.* con mucha diferencia = by far.* con mucha energía = high energy.* con mucha frecuencia = very often.* con mucha información = populated.* con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-tongued, smooth-talking.* con mucha palabrería = glibly.* con mucha población = heavily populated.* con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.* con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.* con muchas actividades = event-filled.* con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.* con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.* con muchas imágenes = image intensive.* con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.* con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].* con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, overwhelmingly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.* con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.* con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.* con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.* con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.* con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.* con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].* con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.* con muchos detalles = elaborately.* con muchos eventos = event-filled.* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].* con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.* con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.* con mucho trabajo = painfully.* con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom, all too seldom.* con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions, with a few exceptions.* con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).* con naturalidad = unselfconsciously.* con nervios = rib.* con niebla = foggy [foggier -comp., foggiest -sup.].* con nosotros = with us.* con nostalgia = wistfully.* con notas a pie de página = footnoted.* con + Número + año(s) de antelación = Número + year(s) ahead.* con objetivos específicos = goal-oriented.* con objeto de = in order to, in an attempt to, in an effort to, aimed at, with the purpose of, in a bid to, with the aim of.* con objeto de hacer = toward(s).* con objeto de (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).* con objeto de + Verbo = for the purpose of + Nombre.* con ocasión de = on the occasion of.* con ojos azules = blue-eyed.* con ojos brillantes = bright-eyed.* con ojos de lince = eagle-eyed, sharp-eyed.* con ojos vivarachos = bright-eyed.* con olor a ajo = garlicky.* con olor a cerrado = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].* con olor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].* con olor a humedad = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].* con olor a orina = urinous.* con olor a polvo = dust smelling.* con orgullo = proudly.* con otra copa de lo mismo se te cura la resaca = a hair of the dog that bit you.* con paciencia = patiently.* con pagos pendientes = be in arrears.* con papel de calco intercalado = carbon interleaved paper.* con participación del público mediante llamada telefónica = phone-in.* con pasión = with passion, passionately.* con patas = legged.* con peligro de muerte = life threatening.* con pelo cano = gray-haired, grey-haired.* con pelos y señales = blow-by-blow.* con pequeños matices = nuanced.* con pereza = lazily.* con perplejidad = quizzically, perplexedly.* con perspicacia = perceptively.* con pesar = with regret.* con pesimismo = pessimistically, gloomily.* con picardía = slyly, wickedly.* con pie firme = sure-footed.* con piernas = legged.* con pinzas = with a grain of salt, clamp-on.* con planes ocultos = agenda-laden.* con pleno derecho = with full rights.* con pliegues = pleated.* con poca claridad = indistinctly.* con poca exactitud = loosely.* con poca experiencia = inexperienced.* con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.* con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.* con poca luz = badly-lit.* con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.* con poca población = thinly populated.* con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.* con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].* con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.* con poco dinero = on the cheap.* con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.* con pocos recursos = under-resourced.* con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.* con poder = powerful.* con + Posesivo + ayuda = under + Posesivo + guidance.* con posibilidades comerciales = commercially viable.* con posterioridad a = subsequent to.* con posterioridad a la contratación = post-employment [postemployment].* con precipitación = rashly.* con precisión = precisely.* con preferencia = preferably.* con preferencia sobre = in preference to.* con prejuicios = prejudicial.* con prepotencia = superciliously, haughtily.* con pretensiones de superioridad moral = self-righteous.* con principios = principled.* con prisa = in a rush, in a hurry.* con problemas = in hot water.* con problemas de aprendizaje = learning disabled.* con problemas de lectura = print disabled.* con problemas de vista = vision impaired.* con problemas visuales = vision impaired.* con profusión = in profusion.* con prontitud = expeditiously, promptly.* con provecho = with profit.* con púas = spiny [spinier -comp., spiniest -sup.].* con rabo = caudate.* con ráfagas de viento = blustery.* con rapacidad = rapaciously.* con rapidez = promptly.* con razón = rightly, quite rightly, understandably, rightfully.* con rebeldía = defiantly.* con referencia = re.* con referencia a = in relation to, in connection with, regarding.* con referencias espaciales = spatially referenced.* con regocijo = gleefully.* con regularidad = regularly.* con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.* con rencor = spitefully.* con reproche = reprovingly, reproachfully.* con repugnancia = disgustedly.* con resentimiento = resentfully, spitefully.* con reserva = doubtfully.* con reservas = qualified, with reservations.* con resignación = resignedly, uncomplainingly.* con resolución = resolutely.* con respecto a = concerning, in regard to, regarding, regarding, vis à vis, with regard(s) to, with respect to, within, as to, in extent of, in terms of, in the way of, as for, as regards, in relation to, in comparison with, in comparison to, as to the matter of, in reference to, now as to.* con respecto a si... o... = as to whether... or....* con respeto = respectfully.* con responsabilidad = responsibly.* con retraso mental = mentally retarded.* con rigor = rigourously [rigorously, -USA], harshly.* con ruedas = wheeled.* con rumbo a = bound for.* con sabiduría = sagely.* con sabor = flavoured [flavored, -USA].* con sabor a ajo = garlicky.* con sabor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].* con sabor artificial = artificially flavoured.* con sagacidad = shrewdly.* con saldo = prepaid [pre-paid].* con salida al mercado = due out.* con sarcasmo = sardonically, pungently.* con satisfacción = contentedly.* con sed = thirsty [thirstier -comp., thirstiest -sup.].* con sed de poder = power-hungry.* con sede en = headquartered (at/in), based in.* con sede en Amér* * *A1 (expresando relaciones de compañía, comunicación, reciprocidad) withvive con el or su novio she lives with her boyfriend¿quieres que hable con él? do you want me to talk to him?está casada con un primo mío she's married to a cousin of mine2(indicando el objeto de un comportamiento, una actitud): te portaste muy mal con ellos you behaved very badly toward(s) themse mostró muy amable (para) con nosotros he was very kind to ushe tenido mucha paciencia contigo I have been very patient with you3 ( fam)(yo y): eso es lo que estábamos diciendo con Lucía that's what Lucía and I were sayingse sirve con arroz serve with ricepara mí con leche y sin azúcar, por favor milk and no sugar for me, pleasepan con mantequilla bread and butter5 ( Mat):2,5 read as: dos con cinco 2.5 (léase: two point five)B1(indicando una relación de simultaneidad): una cápsula con cada comida one capsule with each mealse levanta con el alba he gets up at the crack of dawn2(indicando una relación de causa): ¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? how can we go in this rain o while it's raining like this?me desperté con el ruido the noise woke mecon todo lo que pasó me olvidé de llamarte what with everything that happened I forgot to ring youella se lo ofreció, con lo que or con lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto she offered to do it for me, which put me in an awkward position3(a pesar de): ¿no lo vas a llevar, con lo que le gusta el circo? aren't you going to take him? you know how much he likes the circus¿cómo te olvidaste? ¡con las veces que te lo dije! how could you forget? the (number of) times I told you!con ser tan tarde or lo tarde que es, no estoy cansada it's very late and yet I'm not at all tired, I'm not at all tired, even though it's so latecon todo (y con eso) me parece que es bueno even so o in spite of all that o all the same o nonetheless I think he's goodC (indicando el instrumento, medio, material) withcórtalo con la tijera cut it with the scissors, use the scissors to cut itagárralo con las dos manos hold it with both handslo estás malcriando con tanto mimo you're spoiling him with all this pampering o by pampering him so muchcon estos retazos se puede hacer una colcha you can make a quilt out of these bits of material¡caray con la niña! y parecía tan modosita well fancy that! o well would you believe it! and she seemed so demurecon + INF:con llorar no se arregla nada crying won't solve anythingno hay necesidad de escribir, con llamarlo ya cumples there's no need to write; as long as o if you call him, that should do¡con decirte que un café cuesta el triple que aquí! I mean, to give you an example, a cup of coffee costs three times what it costs herecon que + SUBJ:me contento con que apruebes as long as you pass I'll be happycon tal de/con tal (de) que provided (that), as long as, so long as ( colloq)no importa cómo lo hagas con tal (de) que lo hagas it doesn't matter how you do it, just as long as you do itcon tal (de) que me lo devuelvas antes de marzo as long as o provided I get it back by Marches capaz de cualquier cosa con tal de llamar la atención he'll do anything to attract attentionDandaba con dificultad/cuidado she was walking with difficulty/with care o carefully¡con mucho gusto! with pleasure!2(al describir características, un estado): amaneció con fiebre he had a temperature when he woke up, he woke up with a temperatureya estaba con dolores de parto she was already having labor painsandaba con ganas de bronca he was looking o spoiling for a fightcon las manos en los bolsillos with his hands in his pockets¿vas a ir con ese vestido? are you going in that dress?me gusta más con el pelo suelto I like her better with her hair downuna niña con ojos azules a girl with blue eyes, a blue-eyed girluna mujer con aspecto de extranjera a foreign-looking womanun monstruo con un solo ojo a one-eyed monsteruna casa con piscina a house with a swimming poolEme lo mandé hacer con un sastre I had it made by a tailorse estuvo quejando conmigo she was complaining to me* * *
con preposición
¡con mucho gusto! with pleasure!;
córtalo con la tijera cut it with the scissor;
amaneció con fiebre he woke up with a temperature;
hablar con algn to talk to sb;
está casada con mi primo she's married to my cousin;
portarse mal con algn to behave badly toward(s) sb;
tener paciencia con algn to be patient with sb;
pan con mantequilla bread and butter;
¿vas a ir con ese vestido? are you going in that dress?
◊ ¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? how can we go in this rain?;
ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto she offered it to him, which put me in an awkward position;
con lo tarde que es, ya se debe haber ido it's really late, he should have gone by nowc) con + inf:
con llamarlo por teléfono ya cumples as long as you call him, that should do;
me contento con que apruebes as long as you pass I'll be happy;
See Also→ tal adverbio 2d) (AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario):
se estuvo quejando conmigo she was complaining to me
con preposición
1 (instrumento) with
córtalo con un cuchillo, cut it with a knife
1 (modo) with: hazlo con cuidado, do it carefully
me trató con frialdad, he treated me with coldness
2 (compañía) with: está paseando con mi madre, she is taking a walk with my mother
3 (causa) con este frío no apetece salir, I don't feel like going out in this cold
4 (estado) está con una depresión de caballo, he's deeply depressed
iba con los labios pintados, she has put some lipstick on
5 (contenido) with
una caja con fotografías, a box (full) of photos
6 (relación) to: está casada con un inglés, she is married to an Englishman
habló con Alberto, he spoke to Alberto
se disculpó con ella, he apologized to her
7 (con infinitivo) con avisar les evitas el disgusto, just by phoning you'll save them any worry
(+ que + subjuntivo) basta con que lo digas, it will be enough if you just say it
♦ Locuciones: con tal (de) que..., provided that...
con todo (y con eso), even so
' con' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarcar
- abastecimiento
- abatirse
- ablandar
- abochornar
- abordar
- abrazar
- abrefácil
- abrumar
- acabar
- acanallar
- acaso
- acero
- acertar
- achicharrarse
- acierto
- aclararse
- acoger
- acosar
- acostarse
- acreditada
- acreditado
- acuerdo
- acusarse
- adelante
- adueñarse
- afortunada
- afortunado
- afrontar
- agarrar
- agenciarse
- agraciada
- agraciado
- agreste
- agua
- ahínco
- ahumar
- ahumada
- ahumado
- airosa
- airoso
- alhaja
- alinearse
- alma
- almohada
- alternar
- alzarse
- amanecer
- amiguete
- amilanarse
English:
abide
- above
- abruptly
- abstract
- accordance
- accurately
- accustom
- aching
- act
- admit
- advance
- advice
- advise
- afraid
- Afro
- ageing
- aggregate
- aggressively
- ago
- agree
- agreement
- ahead
- aim
- ale
- alive
- all
- allow for
- allowance
- ally
- alone
- along
- aloud
- amenable
- amenities
- Americana
- amusement
- and
- angel food cake
- angling
- angrily
- angry
- annoy
- antics
- apologize
- appointment
- approach
- approachable
- arbitration
- archery
- argument
* * *con prep1. [indica modo, manera o instrumento] with;se cortó con un cuchillo she cut herself with a knife;chocó con una farola he bumped into a lamppost;vino con un taxi she came by taxi;voy cómodo con estas botas/este jersey I'm comfortable in these boots/this sweater;iré a la boda con un traje negro I'm going to the wedding in a black suit;un joven con muy buenos modales a very polite young man;andar con la cabeza alta to walk with one's head held high;ir con prisa to be in a hurry;actuar con timidez to behave timidly;llover con fuerza to rain hard;lo ha conseguido con su esfuerzo he has achieved it through his own efforts;se lo puedes decir con toda confianza you needn't worry about telling her;trátalo con mucho cariño treat him with a lot of affection o very affectionately;lo haré con mucho gusto it will be a pleasure for me to do it, I'll be delighted to do it;con arreglo a la ley in accordance with the law2. [indica compañía, relación o colaboración] with;vive con sus padres she lives with her parents;se escribe con gente de varios países he corresponds with people from a number of different countries;¿con quién vas? who are you going with?;está muy enfadado con su madre he's very angry with his mother;está casada con mi hermano she's married to my brother;estoy de acuerdo con ellos I agree with them;habló con todos he spoke to everybody;un acuerdo de colaboración con el Caribe a cooperation agreement with the Caribbeanun hombre con bigote a man with a moustache;una bolsa con patatas a bag of potatoes;una cartera con varios documentos a briefcase containing several documentsun pastel con nata a cream cake;el mío con leche, por favor I'd like milk in mine, please, I'd like mine white, please;tiene cuarenta con dos décimas de fiebre her temperature is 40.2 degreesestá en cama con gripe she's in bed with flu;está con un enfado tremendo he's really angry;corría con ellos pisándome los talones I ran with them hot o hard on my heelsme desperté con la música del vecino I was woken up by our neighbour playing music;con este tiempo no se puede ir de excursión we can't go out on a trip in this weather;con el tiempo lo olvidé in time I forgot it;con todo el trabajo que hemos tenido hoy, se me ha olvidado llamarle with all the work we've had today, I've forgotten to call her;se entristeció con las noticias she was sad when she heard the news;cómprales el libro, ¡con lo que les gusta leer! buy them the book, they like reading so much they'll be delighted!es amable para con todos she is friendly towards o with everyone8. (+ infinitivo) [para introducir una condición] by;con hacerlo así by doing it this way;con llamar ya quedarás bien you'll make a good impression just by phoning;con llorar no consigues nada it's no good crying, crying won't get you anywhere;con no decírselo a nadie, el secreto está garantizado if we don't tell anyone, secrecy will be guaranteed;con salir a las diez es suficiente if we leave at ten, we'll have plenty of time9. [a condición de que]con que, con tal de que as long as;con que llegue a tiempo me conformo I don't mind as long as he arrives on time;te dejo el gato con tal de que le des de comer I'll let you look after the cat as long as you feed it10. [a pesar de] in spite of;con todo despite everything;con todo lo raro que es, me encantan sus películas he may be weird, but I love his films, for all his weirdness, I love his films;con lo que hemos caminado hoy, y no estoy cansado despite the fact that we've walked so far today, I'm still not tired11. [para expresar queja o decepción]mira que perder, ¡con lo bien que jugaste! you were unlucky to lose, you played really well!;con lo agradable que es, y casi no tiene amigos considering how nice he is, he has surprisingly few friendsse hace los zapatos con Ardaches she has her shoes made at Ardaches;los domingos comen con su padre on Sundays they eat at her father'sha trabajado día con día she's worked day after day o day in day out* * *prp1 with;voy con ellos I’m going with them;pan con mantequilla bread and butter;estar con alguien tb fig be with s.o.2:con todo eso in spite of all that;con tal de que provided that, as long as;con hacer eso by doing that;para con alguien to s.o., toward s.o.;con este calor in this heat;¡con lo que he hecho por él! after all I’ve done for him!3:ser amable con alguien be kind to s.o.* * *con prep1) : withvengo con mi padre: I'm going with my father¡con quién hablas?: who are you speaking to?2) : in spite ofcon todo: in spite of it all3) : to, towardsella es amable con los niños: she is kind to the children4) : bycon llegar temprano: by arriving early5)con (tal) que : as long as, so long as* * *con prep1. (instrumento, compañía) with2. (relación) to3. (combinación) and4. (contenido) ofuna bolsa con dinero a bag of money / a bag containing money5. (condición) bycon decir que no te interesa, será suficiente all you need to do is say you're not interestedcon lo caro que ha costado y no funciona bien it was very expensive, but it doesn't work -
12 salir
v.1 to go out (ir fuera).¡sal aquí fuera! come out here!salir de to go/come out of¿salimos al jardín? shall we go out into the garden?Yo salí I went out.2 to go out (ser novios).están saliendo they are going out (together)3 to turn out.ha salido muy estudioso he has turned out to be very studious¿qué salió en la votación? what was the result of the vote?salir elegida actriz del año to be voted actress of the yearsalir premiado to be awarded a prizesalir bien/mal to turn out well/badlysalir ganando/perdiendo to come off well/badlyme ha salido mal it didn't go very well; (examen, entrevista) it didn't turn out very well; (plato, dibujo) I got the wrong result (cuenta)¿qué tal te ha salido? how did it go?4 to go out.salen mucho a cenar they eat out a lot5 to come out (surgir) (luna, estrellas, planta).le ha salido un sarpullido en la espalda her back has come out in a rashEl plan me salió mal The plan came out bad.6 to come out (aparecer) (publicación, producto, traumas).¡qué bien sales en la foto! you look great in the photo!ha salido en los periódicos/en la tele it's been in the papers/on TVsalir de (Cine & Teatro) to appear as7 to come up.8 to turn up, to come along (presentarse) (ocasión, oportunidad).9 to work out.10 to lead.te toca salir a ti it's your lead11 to come out.la mancha de vino no sale the wine stain won't come out12 to get out, to escape.Me salió una espinilla I got a pimple.13 to slip out.Se me salió una imprudencia Something improper slipped out.14 to get away.El chico salió The boy got away.15 to step out, to pull out, to step outside.Ellos salieron con dificultad They pulled out with difficulty.16 to come up against, to encounter.Nos salió un problema We encountered a problem [came up against a problem]17 to be out, to come out.La luna sale a veces The moon comes out sometimes.18 to appear to.Nos salió un fantasma A ghost appeared to us.19 to work out for.20 to match.* * *Present Indicativesalgo, sales, sale, salimos, salís, salen.Future IndicativeConditionalPresent SubjunctiveImperative* * *verb1) to go out, get out2) depart, leave3) come out, appear4) turn out5) become, be elected•- salir a* * *Para las expresiones salir adelante, salir ganando, salir perdiendo, salir de viaje, ver la otra entrada.1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO1) (=partir) [persona] to leave; [transportes] to leave, depart frm; (Náut) to leave, sail•
salir [de] — to leave¿a qué hora sales de la oficina? — what time do you leave the office?
•
salir [para] — to set off for2) (=no entrar) (=ir fuera) to go out; (=venir fuera) to come out; [a divertirse] to go outsalió a la calle a ver si venían — she went outside {o} she went out into the street to see if they were coming
-¿está Juan? -no, ha salido — "is Juan in?" - "no, I'm afraid he's gone out"
¿vas a salir esta noche? — are you going out tonight?
la pelota salió fuera — (Ftbl) the ball went out (of play)
•
salió [corriendo] (del cuarto) — he ran out (of the room)•
salir [de], nos la encontramos al salir del cine — we bumped into her when we were coming out of the cinema¿de dónde has salido? — where did you appear {o} spring from?
•
salir de [paseo] — to go out for a walksalir de pobre —
3) [al mercado] [revista, libro, disco] to come out; [moda] to come inacaba de salir un disco suyo — an album of his has just come out {o} been released
4) [en medios de comunicación]la noticia salió en el periódico de ayer — the news was {o} appeared in yesterday's paper
salir por la televisión — to be {o} appear on TV
5) (=surgir) to come upcuando salga la ocasión — when the opportunity comes up {o} arises
¡ya salió aquello! — we know all about that!
salirle algo a algn: le ha salido novio/un trabajo — she's got herself a boyfriend/a job
6) (=aparecer) [agua] to come out; [sol] to come out; [mancha] to appear7) (=nacer) [diente] to come through; [planta, sol] to come up; [pelo] to grow; [pollito] to hatch8) (=quitarse) [mancha] to come out, come offel anillo no le sale del dedo — the ring won't come off her finger, she can't get the ring off her finger
9) (=costar)•
salir [a], sale a ocho euros el kilo — it works out at eight euros a kilosalimos a 10 libras por persona — it works out at £10 each
•
salir [por], me salió por 1.000 pesos — it cost me 1,000 pesos10) (=resultar)¿cómo salió la representación? — how did the performance go?
¿qué número ha salido premiado en la lotería? — what was the winning number in the lottery?
tenemos que aceptarlo, salga lo que salga — we have to accept it, whatever happens
•
salir [bien], el plan salió bien — the plan worked out well¿salió bien la fiesta? — did the party go well?
¿cómo te salió el examen? — how did your exam go?
•
salir [mal], salió muy mal del tratamiento — the treatment wasn't at all successful¡qué mal me ha salido el dibujo! — oh dear! my drawing hasn't come out very well!
11)salirle algo a algn —
a) (=poder resolverse)he intentado resolver el problema pero no me sale — I've tried to solve the problem but I just can't do it
b) (=resultar natural)c) (=poder recordarse)12)• salir [a] — [calle] to come out in, lead to
esta calle sale a la plaza — this street comes out in {o} leads to the square
13)• salir [a] algn — (=parecerse) to take after sb
14)• salir [con] algn — to go out with sb
15)• salir [con] algo — [al hablar] to come out with sth
16)• salir [de] — [proceder] to come from
17)• salir [por] algn — (=defender) to come out in defence of sb, stick up for sb; [económicamente] to back sb financially
cuando hubo problemas, salió por mí — when there were problems, she stuck up for me {o} came out in my defence
18) (Teat) to come on"sale el rey" — [acotación] "enter the king"
19) (=empezar) (Dep) to start; (Ajedrez) to have first move; (Naipes) to lead20) (Inform) to exit21) (=sobresalir) to stick out22) (=pagar)salir a los gastos de algn — to meet {o} pay sb's expenses
2.See:SALIR Para precisar la forma de salir Aunque salir (de ) se suele traducir por come out (of ) o por go out (of) según la dirección del movimiento, cuando se quiere especificar la forma en que se realiza ese movimiento, estos verbos se pueden reemplazar por otros como run out, rush out, jump out, tiptoe out, climb out {etc}: Se vio a tres hombres enmascarados salir del banco corriendo Three masked men were seen running out of the bank Salió del coche con un salto He jumped out of the car Salió de puntillas de la habitación He tiptoed out of the room Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) ( partir) to leave¿a qué hora sale tu tren/tu vuelo? — what time is your train/flight?
salió corriendo or disparada — (fam) she was off like a shot (colloq)
¿de qué andén sale el tren? — what platform does the train leave from?
2) ( al exterior - acercándose al hablante) to come out; (- alejándose del hablante) to go outno puedo salir, me he quedado encerrado — I can't get out, I'm trapped in here
salir de algo — to come out/get out of something
¿tú de dónde has salido? — where have you sprung from?
¿de dónde salió este dinero? — where did this money come from?
salió por la puerta de atrás — he went out o left by the back door
salir a algo: salieron al balcón/al jardín they went out onto the balcony/into the garden; salir a + inf to go out/come out to + inf; ¿sales a jugar? are you coming out to play?; salió a hacer las compras — she's gone out (to do the) shopping
3) ( habiendo terminado algo) to leaveno salgo de trabajar hasta las siete — I don't finish o leave work until seven
¿a qué hora sales de clase? — what time do you get out of class o finish your class?
¿cuándo sale del hospital? — when is he coming out of (the) hospital?
4)a) ( como entretenimiento) to go outb) ( tener una relación) to go out¿estás saliendo con alguien? — are you going out with anyone?
5) (a calle, carretera)¿por aquí se sale a la carretera? — can I get on to the road this way?
¿esta calle sale al Paseo Colón? — does this street come out onto the Paseo Colón?
6) clavo/tapón to come out; anillo to come off7) (aparecer, manifestarse)a) cana/sarpullido to appear; (+ me/te/le etc)me salieron granos — I broke out o (BrE) come out in spots
¿te sale sangre? — are you bleeding o is it bleeding?
b) sol ( por la mañana) to rise, come up; ( de detrás de una nube) to come outc) ( surgir) tema/idea to come upyo no se lo pedí, salió de él — I didn't ask him to do it, it was his idea o he offered
ya salió aquello — you (o he etc) had to bring that up; (+ me/te/le etc)
le salió así, espontáneamente — he just came out with it quite spontaneously
me salió en alemán — it came o I said it in German
¿ha salido ya el 15? — have they called number 15 yet?
8)a) ( tocar en suerte) (+ me/te/le etc)b) ( en un reparto)10)a) revista/novela to come out; disco to come out, be releasedb) (en televisión, el periódico) to appearsalió por or en (la) televisión — she was o appeared on television
c) ( en una foto) to appear; (+ compl)d) ( desempeñando un papel)sale de pastor — he plays o he is a shepherd
11) (expresando irritación, sorpresa)salir con algo: mira con qué sale éste ahora! did you hear what he just said?; no me salgas ahora con eso — don't give me that (colloq)
12) ( expresando logro) (+ me/te/le etc)¿te salió el crucigrama? — did you finish the crossword?
ahora mismo no me sale su nombre — (fam) I can't think of her name right now
13) ( resultar)¿a ti te da 40? a mí me sale 42 — how do you get 40? I make it 42; (+ compl)
las cosas salieron bien — things turned out o worked out well
sale muy caro — it works out o is very expensive
¿qué número salió premiado? — what was the winning number?
salir bien/mal en un examen — (Chi fam) to pass/fail an exam; (+ me/te/le etc)
no lo hagas deprisa que te va a salir todo mal — don't try to do it too quickly, you'll do it all wrong
¿cómo te salió el examen? — how did you get on o do in the exam?
14) (de situación, estado)salir de algo: para salir del apuro in order to get out of an awkward situation; está muy mal, no sé si saldrá de ésta she's very ill, I don't know if she'll pull through; no sé cómo vamos a salir de ésta I don't know how we're going to get out of this one; me ayudó a salir de la depresión he helped me get over my depression; (+ compl) salió bien de la operación she came through the operation well; salieron ilesos del accidente they were not hurt in the accident; salió airosa del trance she came through it with flying colors; salir adelante negocio to stay afloat, survive; propuesta to prosper; fue una época muy dura, pero lograron salir adelante — it was a difficult period but they managed to get through it
15) ( con preposición)a) salir a ( parecerse a) to take afterb) salir con (Col) ( combinar con) to go withc) salir de (Col, Ven) ( deshacerse de) to get rid of2.salirse v pron1)a) (de recipiente, límite)cierra el grifo, que se va a salir el agua — turn off the faucet (AmE) o (BrE) tap, the water's going to overflow
salirse de algo: el camión se salió de la carretera the truck came/went off the road; el río se salió de su cauce the river overflowed its banks; la pelota se salió del campo de juego the ball went into touch o out of play; procura no salirte del presupuesto try to keep within the budget; te estás saliendo del tema — you're getting off the point
b) (por orificio, grieta) agua/tinta to leak (out), come out; gas to escape, come outsalirse de algo: se está saliendo el aire del neumático the air's coming o leaking out of the tire; se me salió el hilo de la aguja — the needle's come unthreaded
c) (Chi, Méx) pluma/recipiente to leak2) ( soltarse) to come off; (+ me/te/le etc)se le salían los ojos de las órbitas — his eyes were popping out of his head
3) ( irse) to leavesalirse de algo — de asociación to leave something
salirse con la suya — to get one's (own) way
* * *= come out, debouch, depart, exit, go out of, make + departure, march off, quit, take + departure, leave, issue out, start out, go out and about, go out, pop, head out, socialise [socialize, -USA], be out and about, get out and about, go forth.Ex. Maybe it's the frustrated library school professor in him crying to come out -- whatever it is, give him a chance to show you what he knows.Ex. As they debouched into the street and hurried back to the library, Jergens thanked Meek for being someone she could share her concerns with.Ex. He smiled again, waved goodbye, and departed.Ex. Enter the lesson number you wish, or press the letter 'X' to exit the tutorial.Ex. In all 20 per cent of visitors went out of the bookshop with a book they had intended to buy, 15 per cent went out with a book they had not intended to buy and 67 went out with both intended and unintended purchases.Ex. Before making his departure, however, a few hints upon the methods of examining bibliographic compilations are necessary.Ex. Do not march off full-tilt in front of the readers.Ex. If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.Ex. 'Do you ever let anyone leave without inspecting their bags?' Carpozzi asked as she sidled up to the checker.Ex. He bade her good day and issued out into the street.Ex. He went back into the house, addressing his Maker in low agonized tones, changed, and started out again.Ex. Thursday 22 August is your opportunity to go out and about - seeing at first hand the great variety of library and information centres located in the Central Belt of Scotland.Ex. They decided one day to take it upon themselves without his knowledge to go out and solicit funds from some of the large corn processors and farm equipment manufacturers.Ex. The azaleas are popping, the redbuds are in their finest attire, and the dogwoods are lacy jewels at the edge of the wood.Ex. It's tempting to splurge on a new hi-fi system or head out on a shopping spree, but the smart option might be to pay off an existing debt.Ex. She is married and has a family, but does not spend much time in the director's office or socialize with her.Ex. But if you' re out and about like I am, here's where I'll be over the next few nights, and feel free to say hi if you're going to be in the same area.Ex. Use the links below for ideas to get out and about.Ex. Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.----* acabar de salir de = be fresh out of.* a lo que salga = come what may.* a veces las cosas salen mal = shit happens.* a veces sales jodido = shit happens.* aventurarse a salir = venture forth.* ayudar a Alguien a salir adelante = help + Nombre + get on + Posesivo + feet.* cosas + salir bien = things + work out.* dejar que Alguien se salga con la suya = let + Nombre + do things + Posesivo + (own) way.* entrar y salir = come and go, drift in and out, wander in and out, go into and out of.* entrar y salir corriendo = run in and out.* estar saliendo con alguien = be in a dating relationship.* evitar que + salir = keep + Nombre + in.* hacer salir = push out, flush out.* imposibilitado para salir de casa = housebound [house-bound], homebound [home-bound].* invitar a Alguien a salir = ask + Nombre + out.* invitar a salir = take + Nombre + out.* no salir mal parado por = be none the worse for (that), be none the worse for wear.* obligar a salir = drive out + with a pitchfork, push out.* obligar a salir de = force from.* personas que no pueden salir de casa = homebound, the.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* que puede salir en préstamo = loanable.* salir a = propagate out to, crash to, be out to.* salir a borbotones = gush out, spurt.* salir a chorros = gush out, spurt.* salir a comer = eat out.* salir a dar una vuelta = go out.* salir a dar una vuelta en coche = go out for + a drive.* salir a dar un paseo = go out for + a walk.* salir adelante = make + ends meet, keep + the wolves from the door, get + unstuck.* salir adelante a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.* salir adelante en la vida, = get on in + life.* salir adelante por uno mismo = pull + Reflexivo + up(wards) by + Posesivo + (own) bootstraps.* salir adelante sin la ayuda de nadie = pull + Reflexivo + up(wards) by + Posesivo + (own) bootstraps.* salir a echarse un cigarro = go out for + a smoke.* salir a flote = make + ends meet.* salir a fumarse un cigarro = go out for + a smoke.* salir a hurtadillas = steal away.* salir airoso = pass + muster, pass with + flying colours.* salir airoso de = ride out.* salir a la calle = go out, hit + the streets.* salir a la calle en avalancha = spill (out) into + the streets.* salir a la luz = come to + light, go + live.* salir a la palestra = come out in + the open.* salir a las mil maravillas = work + a treat, come up + a treat, go down + a treat.* salir a la superficie = surface.* salir ampollas = blister.* salir a pasear en coche = go out for + a drive.* salir a pedir de boca = come up + roses, go off without + a hitch.* salir apresuradamente = dash off, shoot off.* salir a subasta = come up for + auction.* salir a toda prisa = make + a hasty exit.* salir a tomar una copa = go out for + a drink.* salir bien = go + well.* salir bien al final = turn out + right in the end.* salir bramando = roar out of.* salir con estupideces = talk + nonsense.* salir corriendo = leg it, run off, run away, bolt, make + a bolt for, dash off, take off, shoot off, take off + running, take to + Posesivo + heels.* salir corriendo a la calle = run into + the street.* salir de = get out of, walk out of, climb out of, break out of, break through, strike out from.* salir de casa = leave + home.* salir de copas = go out for + a drink.* salir de donde menos Uno se lo espera = come out of + the woodwork.* salir de fiesta = party.* salir de Guatemala para meterse en Guatapeor = out of the fire and into the frying pan.* salir de jarana = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.* salir de juerga = go out + boozing, paint + the town red, go out on + the town.* salir de la cárcel = release from + jail.* salir de la miseria = haul + Reflexivo + out of + Posesivo + bog.* salir del armario = come out of + the closet.* salir de la rutina tradicional = break out of + the traditional mould.* salir de la situación = extricate + Reflexivo.* salir del cascarón = come out of + Posesivo + shell.* salir del círculo = break out of + circle.* salir del trabajo = clock off + work.* salir de marcha = paint + the town red, party, go out on + the town.* salir de nuevo = come back out.* salir de parranda = go out + boozing, paint + the town red, go out on + the town.* salir de paseo = go out for + a walk.* salir de paseo en coche = go out for + a drive.* salir de perlas = come up + a treat, go down + a treat.* salir de + Posesivo + escondite = raise + Posesivo + head above the parapet.* salir de + Posesivo + refugio = raise + Posesivo + head above the parapet.* salir de quién sabe dónde = come out of + the woodwork.* salir desapercibido = sneak out of.* salir desde = set out from.* salir de una situación difícil = haul + Reflexivo + out of + Posesivo + bog.* salir de un impás = circumvent + impasse.* salir disparado = bolt, make + a bolt for, shoot off, dash off, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.* salir disparado de = shoot out of.* salir echando leches = bolt, take off, make + a bolt for, dash off, shoot off.* salir el tiro por la culata = backfire, misfire.* salir en desbandada = stampede.* salir en estampida = stampede.* salir en forma radial de = radiate from.* salir enojado dando zapatazos = stomp out of.* salir en pareja con = date.* salir en tropel = stampede.* salir escaldado = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.* salir fatal = go + pear-shaped.* salir fuera = be out and about, get out and about.* salir ganando = make + a profit, win, compare + favourably, be better off, win + the day, win out, be better served by, come out on + top.* salir grietas = develop + cracks.* salir horriblemente mal = go + horribly wrong.* salir huyendo = make off, do + a bunk.* salir ileso = escape + injury, leave without + a scratch.* salir impune = get away with it, get away with + murder, get away + scot-free.* salir inadvertidamente = sneak out of.* salir juntos = be an item.* salir los dientes = cut + Posesivo + teeth.* salir mal = go + wrong, go + awry, misfire, backfire.* salir malparado = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.* salir perdiendo = victimise [victimize, -USA], come off + worst, lose out, compare + unfavourably, lose + neck, be a little worse off.* salir perjudicado = pay + the price, pay + the penalty.* salir pitando = take off, bolt, make + a bolt for, dash off, shoot off, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.* salir por los cerros de Ubeda = go off on + a tangent, go off at + a tangent, fly off on + a tangent.* salir por piernas = make + a hasty exit.* salir por pies = take off + running, leg it, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.* salir resueltamente = sally forth.* salir rugiendo = roar out of.* salir sangre = draw + blood.* salirse con la de Uno = have + Posesivo + way (with), get away with it.* salirse con las de Uno = get + Posesivo + (own) way, have + Posesivo + own way, get away with + murder, get away + scot-free.* salirse de = depart from, opt out of, step out of, spill out of.* salirse de convencionalismos = think out(side) + (of) the box.* salirse de la carretera = go off + the road.* salirse del molde = think out(side) + (of) the box.* salir según lo planeado = go off + as planned.* salir según lo previsto = go off + as planned.* salirse por la tangente = go off + the track, get off + the track, fly off on + a tangent, go off on + a tangent, go off at + a tangent, wander off + track, wander off + topic.* salir sigilosamente = steal away, slither out of.* salir sin ganar ni perder = break + even.* salir sin ser visto = sneak out of, slip out, steal away.* salir sin un rasguño = leave without + a scratch.* salir sobre ruedas = go off without + a hitch.* salir todo bien = land on + Posesivo + (own two) feet.* salir todo redondo = land on + Posesivo + (own two) feet.* salir una gotera = spring + a leak.* salir un momento a = pop down to.* salir un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* salir volando = bolt, make + a bolt for, dash off, shoot off.* salir y caer = fall out (of).* salir zumbando = bolt, make + a bolt for.* si no aguantas el calor, sal de la cocina = if you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.* sol + salir por = sun + rise on.* volver a salir = come back out.* volver a salir a la superficie = resurface.* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) ( partir) to leave¿a qué hora sale tu tren/tu vuelo? — what time is your train/flight?
salió corriendo or disparada — (fam) she was off like a shot (colloq)
¿de qué andén sale el tren? — what platform does the train leave from?
2) ( al exterior - acercándose al hablante) to come out; (- alejándose del hablante) to go outno puedo salir, me he quedado encerrado — I can't get out, I'm trapped in here
salir de algo — to come out/get out of something
¿tú de dónde has salido? — where have you sprung from?
¿de dónde salió este dinero? — where did this money come from?
salió por la puerta de atrás — he went out o left by the back door
salir a algo: salieron al balcón/al jardín they went out onto the balcony/into the garden; salir a + inf to go out/come out to + inf; ¿sales a jugar? are you coming out to play?; salió a hacer las compras — she's gone out (to do the) shopping
3) ( habiendo terminado algo) to leaveno salgo de trabajar hasta las siete — I don't finish o leave work until seven
¿a qué hora sales de clase? — what time do you get out of class o finish your class?
¿cuándo sale del hospital? — when is he coming out of (the) hospital?
4)a) ( como entretenimiento) to go outb) ( tener una relación) to go out¿estás saliendo con alguien? — are you going out with anyone?
5) (a calle, carretera)¿por aquí se sale a la carretera? — can I get on to the road this way?
¿esta calle sale al Paseo Colón? — does this street come out onto the Paseo Colón?
6) clavo/tapón to come out; anillo to come off7) (aparecer, manifestarse)a) cana/sarpullido to appear; (+ me/te/le etc)me salieron granos — I broke out o (BrE) come out in spots
¿te sale sangre? — are you bleeding o is it bleeding?
b) sol ( por la mañana) to rise, come up; ( de detrás de una nube) to come outc) ( surgir) tema/idea to come upyo no se lo pedí, salió de él — I didn't ask him to do it, it was his idea o he offered
ya salió aquello — you (o he etc) had to bring that up; (+ me/te/le etc)
le salió así, espontáneamente — he just came out with it quite spontaneously
me salió en alemán — it came o I said it in German
¿ha salido ya el 15? — have they called number 15 yet?
8)a) ( tocar en suerte) (+ me/te/le etc)b) ( en un reparto)10)a) revista/novela to come out; disco to come out, be releasedb) (en televisión, el periódico) to appearsalió por or en (la) televisión — she was o appeared on television
c) ( en una foto) to appear; (+ compl)d) ( desempeñando un papel)sale de pastor — he plays o he is a shepherd
11) (expresando irritación, sorpresa)salir con algo: mira con qué sale éste ahora! did you hear what he just said?; no me salgas ahora con eso — don't give me that (colloq)
12) ( expresando logro) (+ me/te/le etc)¿te salió el crucigrama? — did you finish the crossword?
ahora mismo no me sale su nombre — (fam) I can't think of her name right now
13) ( resultar)¿a ti te da 40? a mí me sale 42 — how do you get 40? I make it 42; (+ compl)
las cosas salieron bien — things turned out o worked out well
sale muy caro — it works out o is very expensive
¿qué número salió premiado? — what was the winning number?
salir bien/mal en un examen — (Chi fam) to pass/fail an exam; (+ me/te/le etc)
no lo hagas deprisa que te va a salir todo mal — don't try to do it too quickly, you'll do it all wrong
¿cómo te salió el examen? — how did you get on o do in the exam?
14) (de situación, estado)salir de algo: para salir del apuro in order to get out of an awkward situation; está muy mal, no sé si saldrá de ésta she's very ill, I don't know if she'll pull through; no sé cómo vamos a salir de ésta I don't know how we're going to get out of this one; me ayudó a salir de la depresión he helped me get over my depression; (+ compl) salió bien de la operación she came through the operation well; salieron ilesos del accidente they were not hurt in the accident; salió airosa del trance she came through it with flying colors; salir adelante negocio to stay afloat, survive; propuesta to prosper; fue una época muy dura, pero lograron salir adelante — it was a difficult period but they managed to get through it
15) ( con preposición)a) salir a ( parecerse a) to take afterb) salir con (Col) ( combinar con) to go withc) salir de (Col, Ven) ( deshacerse de) to get rid of2.salirse v pron1)a) (de recipiente, límite)cierra el grifo, que se va a salir el agua — turn off the faucet (AmE) o (BrE) tap, the water's going to overflow
salirse de algo: el camión se salió de la carretera the truck came/went off the road; el río se salió de su cauce the river overflowed its banks; la pelota se salió del campo de juego the ball went into touch o out of play; procura no salirte del presupuesto try to keep within the budget; te estás saliendo del tema — you're getting off the point
b) (por orificio, grieta) agua/tinta to leak (out), come out; gas to escape, come outsalirse de algo: se está saliendo el aire del neumático the air's coming o leaking out of the tire; se me salió el hilo de la aguja — the needle's come unthreaded
c) (Chi, Méx) pluma/recipiente to leak2) ( soltarse) to come off; (+ me/te/le etc)se le salían los ojos de las órbitas — his eyes were popping out of his head
3) ( irse) to leavesalirse de algo — de asociación to leave something
salirse con la suya — to get one's (own) way
* * *= come out, debouch, depart, exit, go out of, make + departure, march off, quit, take + departure, leave, issue out, start out, go out and about, go out, pop, head out, socialise [socialize, -USA], be out and about, get out and about, go forth.Ex: Maybe it's the frustrated library school professor in him crying to come out -- whatever it is, give him a chance to show you what he knows.
Ex: As they debouched into the street and hurried back to the library, Jergens thanked Meek for being someone she could share her concerns with.Ex: He smiled again, waved goodbye, and departed.Ex: Enter the lesson number you wish, or press the letter 'X' to exit the tutorial.Ex: In all 20 per cent of visitors went out of the bookshop with a book they had intended to buy, 15 per cent went out with a book they had not intended to buy and 67 went out with both intended and unintended purchases.Ex: Before making his departure, however, a few hints upon the methods of examining bibliographic compilations are necessary.Ex: Do not march off full-tilt in front of the readers.Ex: If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.Ex: 'Do you ever let anyone leave without inspecting their bags?' Carpozzi asked as she sidled up to the checker.Ex: He bade her good day and issued out into the street.Ex: He went back into the house, addressing his Maker in low agonized tones, changed, and started out again.Ex: Thursday 22 August is your opportunity to go out and about - seeing at first hand the great variety of library and information centres located in the Central Belt of Scotland.Ex: They decided one day to take it upon themselves without his knowledge to go out and solicit funds from some of the large corn processors and farm equipment manufacturers.Ex: The azaleas are popping, the redbuds are in their finest attire, and the dogwoods are lacy jewels at the edge of the wood.Ex: It's tempting to splurge on a new hi-fi system or head out on a shopping spree, but the smart option might be to pay off an existing debt.Ex: She is married and has a family, but does not spend much time in the director's office or socialize with her.Ex: But if you' re out and about like I am, here's where I'll be over the next few nights, and feel free to say hi if you're going to be in the same area.Ex: Use the links below for ideas to get out and about.Ex: Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.* acabar de salir de = be fresh out of.* a lo que salga = come what may.* a veces las cosas salen mal = shit happens.* a veces sales jodido = shit happens.* aventurarse a salir = venture forth.* ayudar a Alguien a salir adelante = help + Nombre + get on + Posesivo + feet.* cosas + salir bien = things + work out.* dejar que Alguien se salga con la suya = let + Nombre + do things + Posesivo + (own) way.* entrar y salir = come and go, drift in and out, wander in and out, go into and out of.* entrar y salir corriendo = run in and out.* estar saliendo con alguien = be in a dating relationship.* evitar que + salir = keep + Nombre + in.* hacer salir = push out, flush out.* imposibilitado para salir de casa = housebound [house-bound], homebound [home-bound].* invitar a Alguien a salir = ask + Nombre + out.* invitar a salir = take + Nombre + out.* no salir mal parado por = be none the worse for (that), be none the worse for wear.* obligar a salir = drive out + with a pitchfork, push out.* obligar a salir de = force from.* personas que no pueden salir de casa = homebound, the.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* que puede salir en préstamo = loanable.* salir a = propagate out to, crash to, be out to.* salir a borbotones = gush out, spurt.* salir a chorros = gush out, spurt.* salir a comer = eat out.* salir a dar una vuelta = go out.* salir a dar una vuelta en coche = go out for + a drive.* salir a dar un paseo = go out for + a walk.* salir adelante = make + ends meet, keep + the wolves from the door, get + unstuck.* salir adelante a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.* salir adelante en la vida, = get on in + life.* salir adelante por uno mismo = pull + Reflexivo + up(wards) by + Posesivo + (own) bootstraps.* salir adelante sin la ayuda de nadie = pull + Reflexivo + up(wards) by + Posesivo + (own) bootstraps.* salir a echarse un cigarro = go out for + a smoke.* salir a flote = make + ends meet.* salir a fumarse un cigarro = go out for + a smoke.* salir a hurtadillas = steal away.* salir airoso = pass + muster, pass with + flying colours.* salir airoso de = ride out.* salir a la calle = go out, hit + the streets.* salir a la calle en avalancha = spill (out) into + the streets.* salir a la luz = come to + light, go + live.* salir a la palestra = come out in + the open.* salir a las mil maravillas = work + a treat, come up + a treat, go down + a treat.* salir a la superficie = surface.* salir ampollas = blister.* salir a pasear en coche = go out for + a drive.* salir a pedir de boca = come up + roses, go off without + a hitch.* salir apresuradamente = dash off, shoot off.* salir a subasta = come up for + auction.* salir a toda prisa = make + a hasty exit.* salir a tomar una copa = go out for + a drink.* salir bien = go + well.* salir bien al final = turn out + right in the end.* salir bramando = roar out of.* salir con estupideces = talk + nonsense.* salir corriendo = leg it, run off, run away, bolt, make + a bolt for, dash off, take off, shoot off, take off + running, take to + Posesivo + heels.* salir corriendo a la calle = run into + the street.* salir de = get out of, walk out of, climb out of, break out of, break through, strike out from.* salir de casa = leave + home.* salir de copas = go out for + a drink.* salir de donde menos Uno se lo espera = come out of + the woodwork.* salir de fiesta = party.* salir de Guatemala para meterse en Guatapeor = out of the fire and into the frying pan.* salir de jarana = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.* salir de juerga = go out + boozing, paint + the town red, go out on + the town.* salir de la cárcel = release from + jail.* salir de la miseria = haul + Reflexivo + out of + Posesivo + bog.* salir del armario = come out of + the closet.* salir de la rutina tradicional = break out of + the traditional mould.* salir de la situación = extricate + Reflexivo.* salir del cascarón = come out of + Posesivo + shell.* salir del círculo = break out of + circle.* salir del trabajo = clock off + work.* salir de marcha = paint + the town red, party, go out on + the town.* salir de nuevo = come back out.* salir de parranda = go out + boozing, paint + the town red, go out on + the town.* salir de paseo = go out for + a walk.* salir de paseo en coche = go out for + a drive.* salir de perlas = come up + a treat, go down + a treat.* salir de + Posesivo + escondite = raise + Posesivo + head above the parapet.* salir de + Posesivo + refugio = raise + Posesivo + head above the parapet.* salir de quién sabe dónde = come out of + the woodwork.* salir desapercibido = sneak out of.* salir desde = set out from.* salir de una situación difícil = haul + Reflexivo + out of + Posesivo + bog.* salir de un impás = circumvent + impasse.* salir disparado = bolt, make + a bolt for, shoot off, dash off, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.* salir disparado de = shoot out of.* salir echando leches = bolt, take off, make + a bolt for, dash off, shoot off.* salir el tiro por la culata = backfire, misfire.* salir en desbandada = stampede.* salir en estampida = stampede.* salir en forma radial de = radiate from.* salir enojado dando zapatazos = stomp out of.* salir en pareja con = date.* salir en tropel = stampede.* salir escaldado = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.* salir fatal = go + pear-shaped.* salir fuera = be out and about, get out and about.* salir ganando = make + a profit, win, compare + favourably, be better off, win + the day, win out, be better served by, come out on + top.* salir grietas = develop + cracks.* salir horriblemente mal = go + horribly wrong.* salir huyendo = make off, do + a bunk.* salir ileso = escape + injury, leave without + a scratch.* salir impune = get away with it, get away with + murder, get away + scot-free.* salir inadvertidamente = sneak out of.* salir juntos = be an item.* salir los dientes = cut + Posesivo + teeth.* salir mal = go + wrong, go + awry, misfire, backfire.* salir malparado = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.* salir perdiendo = victimise [victimize, -USA], come off + worst, lose out, compare + unfavourably, lose + neck, be a little worse off.* salir perjudicado = pay + the price, pay + the penalty.* salir pitando = take off, bolt, make + a bolt for, dash off, shoot off, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.* salir por los cerros de Ubeda = go off on + a tangent, go off at + a tangent, fly off on + a tangent.* salir por piernas = make + a hasty exit.* salir por pies = take off + running, leg it, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.* salir resueltamente = sally forth.* salir rugiendo = roar out of.* salir sangre = draw + blood.* salirse con la de Uno = have + Posesivo + way (with), get away with it.* salirse con las de Uno = get + Posesivo + (own) way, have + Posesivo + own way, get away with + murder, get away + scot-free.* salirse de = depart from, opt out of, step out of, spill out of.* salirse de convencionalismos = think out(side) + (of) the box.* salirse de la carretera = go off + the road.* salirse del molde = think out(side) + (of) the box.* salir según lo planeado = go off + as planned.* salir según lo previsto = go off + as planned.* salirse por la tangente = go off + the track, get off + the track, fly off on + a tangent, go off on + a tangent, go off at + a tangent, wander off + track, wander off + topic.* salir sigilosamente = steal away, slither out of.* salir sin ganar ni perder = break + even.* salir sin ser visto = sneak out of, slip out, steal away.* salir sin un rasguño = leave without + a scratch.* salir sobre ruedas = go off without + a hitch.* salir todo bien = land on + Posesivo + (own two) feet.* salir todo redondo = land on + Posesivo + (own two) feet.* salir una gotera = spring + a leak.* salir un momento a = pop down to.* salir un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* salir volando = bolt, make + a bolt for, dash off, shoot off.* salir y caer = fall out (of).* salir zumbando = bolt, make + a bolt for.* si no aguantas el calor, sal de la cocina = if you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.* sol + salir por = sun + rise on.* volver a salir = come back out.* volver a salir a la superficie = resurface.* * *■ salir (verbo intransitivo)A partirB salir al exteriorC1 habiendo terminado algo2 InformáticaD1 como entretenimiento2 tener una relaciónE a una calle, carreteraF salir: clavos, tapones etcA1 aparecer, manifestarse2 salir: sol3 surgir4 en naipesB1 tocar en suerte2 en un repartoC salir: manchasD1 salir: revista, novela etc2 en televisión, el periódico3 en una foto4 desempeñando un papelE expresando irritación, sorpresaA expresando logroB resultarC de una situación, un estadoD parecerse aE salir con, combinar conF salir de, deshacerse de■ salirse (verbo pronominal)A1 de un recipiente, un límite2 por un orificio, una grieta3 salirse: recipientes etcB soltarseC irseviA (partir) to leave¿a qué hora sale el tren/tu vuelo? what time does the train/your flight leave?, what time is your train/flight?salieron a toda velocidad they went off at top speed, they sped off¿está Marcos? — no, ha salido de viaje can I speak to Marcos? — I'm afraid he's away at the momentsalió corriendo or pitando or disparada ( fam); she was off like a shot ( colloq), she shot off ( colloq)salir DE algo to leave FROM sth¿de qué andén sale el tren? what platform does the train leave from?salgo de casa a las siete I leave home at sevensalir PARA algo to leave FOR sthlos novios salieron para las Bahamas the newlyweds left for the BahamasB (al exterior — acercándose al hablante) to come out; (— alejándose del hablante) to go outno salgas sin abrigo don't go out without a coatha salido she's gone out, she's outya puedes salir que te he visto you can come on out now, I can see youno puedo salir, me he quedado encerrado I can't get out, I'm trapped in heresalir DE algo to come out/get out OF sth¡sal de ahí! come out of there!¡sal de aquí! get out of here!sal de debajo de la mesa come out from under the tableno salió de su habitación en todo el día he didn't come out of o leave his room all daysal ya de la cama get out of bedde aquí que no salga ni una palabra not a word of this to anyone¿tú de dónde has salido? where have you sprung from?¿de dónde salió este dinero? where did this money come from?nunca ha salido de España/del pueblo he's never been out of Spain/the villageestá en libertad bajo fianza y no puede salir del país she's out on bail and can't leave the countrypara impedir que salgan más capitales del país to prevent more capital flowing out of o leaving the countrysalir POR algo to leave BY sthtuvo que salir por la ventana she had to get out through the windowacaba de salir por la puerta de atrás he's just left by the back door, he's just gone out the back doorsalir A algo:salieron al balcón/al jardín they went out onto the balcony/into the gardensalen al mar por la noche they go out to sea at night¿quién quiere salir a la pizarra? who wants to come up to the blackboard?el equipo salió al terreno de juego the team took the field o came onto the field¿quién te salió al teléfono? who answered (the phone)?salir A + INF to go out/come out to + INF¿sales a jugar? are you coming out to play?ha salido a hacer la compra she's gone out (to do the) shoppingC1 (habiendo terminado algo) to leaveno salgo de trabajar hasta las siete I don't finish o leave work until sevenempezó a trabajar aquí recién salido de la escuela he started working here just after he left school¿a qué hora sales de clase? what time do you come out of class o get out of class o finish your class?¿cuándo sale del hospital/de la cárcel? when is he coming out of (the) hospital/(the) prison?D1 (como entretenimiento) to go outestuvo castigado un mes sin salir he wasn't allowed to go out for a monthsalieron a cenar fuera they went out for dinner, they had dinner out2 (tener una relación) to go outhace tiempo que salen juntos they've been going out together for a whilesalir CON algn to go out WITH sb¿estás saliendo con alguien? are you going out with anyone?, are you seeing anyone? ( AmE)E(a una calle, carretera): ¿por aquí se sale a la carretera? can I get on to the road this way?¿esta calle sale al Paseo Colón? will this street take me to the Paseo Colón?, does this street come out onto the Paseo Colón?F «clavo/tapón» to come out; «anillo» to come offel anillo no me sale my ring won't come off, I can't get my ring offA (aparecer, manifestarse)1 «cana/sarpullido» to appear(+ me/te/le etc): ya me empiezan a salir canas I'm starting to go gray, I'm getting gray hairsya le han salido los dientes de abajo she's already got o she's already cut her bottom teeth, her bottom teeth have already come throughme ha salido una ampolla I've got a blisterle salió un sarpullido he came out in a rashle ha salido un chichón en la frente a bump's come up on her foreheadsi como chocolate me salen granos if I eat chocolate I break out o ( BrE) come out in spotsa ver ¿te sale sangre? let's have a look, are you bleeding o is it bleeding?me sale sangre de la nariz my nose is bleedinga la planta le están saliendo hojas nuevas the plant's putting out new leaves, the plant has some new leaves coming out2 «sol» (por la mañana) to rise, come up; (de detrás de una nube) to come outparece que quiere salir el sol it looks as though the sun's trying to come out3 (surgir) «tema/idea» to come up¿cómo salió eso a la conversación? how did that come up in the conversation?yo no se lo pedí, salió de él I didn't ask him to do it, it was his idea o he offered(+ me/te/le etc): le salió así, espontáneamente he just came out with it quite spontaneouslyme salió en alemán it came out in German, I said it in Germanno me salió nada mejor nothing better came up o turned up¿has visto el novio que le ha salido? ( fam); have you seen the boyfriend she's found herself? ( colloq)no voy a poder ir, me ha salido otro compromiso I'm afraid I won't be able to go, something (else) has come up o cropped up4 «carta» (en naipes) to come upel as de diamantes todavía no ha salido the ace of diamonds hasn't come up yet¿ya ha salido el 15? have they called number 15 yet?, has number 15 gone yet?B1 (tocar en suerte) (+ me/te/le etc):me salió un tema que no había estudiado I got a subject I hadn't studiedme salió un cinco I got a five2 ( Esp) (en un reparto) salir A algo; to get sthsalimos a dos pastelitos cada uno we get two cakes each, it works out as two cakes eachson tres hermanos, así que salen a tres mil cada uno there are three brothers, so they each end up with o get three thousandC «mancha» (aparecer) to appear; (quitarse) to come outD1 «revista» to come out; «novela» to come out, be published; «disco» to come out, be releasedun producto que acaba de salir al mercado a new product which has just come on to the market2 (en televisión, el periódico) to appearla noticia salió en primera página the news appeared on the front pagesalió por or en (la) televisión she was o appeared on televisionayer salió mi primo en or por la televisión my cousin was on (the) television yesterday3 (en una foto) to appearno sale en esta foto he doesn't appear in o he isn't in this photograph(+ compl): ¡qué bien saliste en esta foto! you've come out really well in this photograph, this is a really good photograph of you4(desempeñando un papel): ¿tú sales en la obra de fin de curso? are you in the end-of-term play?sale de pastor he plays o he is a shepherdme salió de testigo en el juicio ( RPl); he testified on my behalfle salí de testigo cuando se casó ( RPl); I was a witness at her weddingE (expresando irritación, sorpresa) salir + GER:y ahora sale diciendo que no lo sabía and now he says he didn't knowsalir CON algo:¡mira con qué sale éste ahora! did you hear what he just said?no me salgas ahora con eso don't give me that ( colloq)y ahora me sale con que no quiere ir and now he tells me he doesn't want to go!¡a veces sale con cada cosa más graciosa! sometimes she comes out with the funniest things!A (expresando logro) (+ me/te/le etc):¿te salió el crucigrama? did you finish the crossword?no me sale esta ecuación/cuenta I can't do this equation/sum¿me ayudas con este dibujo que a mí no me sale? can you help me with this drawing? I can't get it rightno te sale el acento mexicano you're not very good at the Mexican accent, you haven't got the Mexican accent rightahora mismo no me sale su nombre ( fam); I can't think of her name right nowestaba tan entusiasmado que no le salían las palabras he was so excited he couldn't get his words outB(resultar): de aquí no va a salir nada bueno no good is going to come of thisvan a lo que salga, nunca hacen planes they just take things as they come, they never make plans¿a ti te da 40? a mí me sale 42 how do you get 40? I make it 42(+ compl): las cosas salieron mejor de lo que esperábamos things turned out/worked out better than we expectedtenemos que acabarlo salga como salga we have to finish it, no matter how it turns outno ha salido ninguna de las fotos none of the photographs has come outla foto ha salido movida the photograph has come out blurredmandarlo certificado sale muy caro sending it registered mail works out o is very expensivesalió elegido tesorero he was elected treasurer¿qué número salió premiado? what was the winning number?salió beneficiado en el reparto he did well out of the division o ( BrE) share-out(+ me/te/le etc): el postre no me salió bien the dessert didn't come out rightlas cosas no nos han salido bien things haven't gone right for usno lo hagas deprisa que te va a salir todo al revés don't try to do it too quickly, you'll do it all wrongsi lo haces sin regla te va a salir torcido if you do it without a ruler it'll come out crookedasí te va a salir muy caro it'll work out very expensive for you that way¿cómo te salió el examen? how did you get on o do in the exam?, how did the exam go?el niño les salió muy inteligente their son turned out (to be) really brightC (de una situación, un estado) salir DE algo:para salir del apuro in order to get out of an awkward situationestá muy mal, no sé si saldrá de ésta she's very ill, I don't know if she'll make it o if she'll pull throughno sé cómo vamos a salir de ésta I don't know how we're going to get out of this oneluchan por salir de la miseria en que viven they struggle to escape from the poverty in which they liveme ayudó a salir de la depresión he helped me get over my depressiona este paso no vamos a salir nunca de pobres the way we're going we're never going to stop being poor(+ compl): salió bien de la operación she came through the operation wellsalieron ilesos del accidente they were not hurt in the accidentsalió airosa del trance she came through it with flying colors*salir adelante: fue una época muy dura, pero lograron salir adelante it was a difficult period but they managed to get through itpara que el negocio salga adelante if the business is to stay afloat o survivela propuesta cuenta con pocas posibilidades de salir adelante the proposal is unlikely to prosperD salir a (parecerse a) to take afteres gordita, sale a la madre she's chubby, she takes after her mother¡tiene a quien salir! you can see who she takes after!en lo tozudo sale a su padre he gets his stubbornness from his fatherno han podido salir de él they haven't been able to get rid of him■ salirseA1(de un recipiente, un límite): cierra el grifo, que se va a salir el agua turn off the faucet ( AmE) o ( BrE) tap, the water's going to overflowvigila que no se salga la leche don't let the milk boil oversalirse DE algo:el camión se salió de la carretera the truck came/went off the road, the truck left the roadel río se salió de su cauce the river overflowed its banksno te salgas de las líneas keep inside the linesla pelota se salió del campo de juego the ball went out of play o into touchprocura no salirte del presupuesto try to keep within the budgette estás saliendo del tema you're getting off the point2 (por un orificio, una grieta) «agua/tinta» to leak, leak out, come out; «gas» to escape, come outestá rajado y se sale el aceite it's cracked and the oil leaks outsalirse DE algo:se está saliendo el aire del neumático the air's coming o leaking out of the tire*se me ha salido el hilo de la aguja the needle's come unthreaded3 (Chi, Méx) «recipiente/pluma» to leakB (soltarse) to come offse ha salido el pomo de la puerta the knob has come off the door(+ me/te/le etc): estos zapatos se me salen these shoes are too big for mese le ha salido una rueda it's lost a wheel, one of the wheels has come offse le salían los ojos de las órbitas his eyes were popping out of his head o were out on stalksC (irse) to leave salirse DE algo ‹de una asociación› to leave sthse salió del cine a la mitad de la película she walked out halfway through the moviesalirse con la suya to get one's (own) way* * *
salir ( conjugate salir) verbo intransitivo
1 ( partir) to leave;◊ ¿a qué hora sale el tren? what time does the train leave?;
el jefe había salido de viaje the boss was away;
salió corriendo (fam) she was off like a shot (colloq);
salir de algo to leave from sth;
¿de qué andén sale el tren? what platform does the train leave from?;
salgo de casa a las siete I leave home at seven;
salir para algo to leave for sth
2 ( al exterior — acercándose al hablante) to come out;
(— alejándose del hablante) to go out;
no puedo salir, me he quedado encerrado I can't get out, I'm trapped in here;
salir de algo to come out/get out of sth;
¡sal de ahí/de aquí! come out of there/get out of here!;
¿de dónde salió este dinero? where did this money come from?;
nunca ha salido de España he's never been out of Spain;
salir por la ventana/por la puerta to get out through the window/leave by the door;
salieron al balcón/al jardín they went out onto the balcony/into the garden;
¿por aquí se sale a la carretera? can I get on to the road this way?;
salió a hacer las compras she's gone out (to do the) shopping
3 ( habiendo terminado algo) to leave;◊ ¿a qué hora sales de clase? what time do you get out of class o finish your class?;
¿cuándo sale del hospital? when is he coming out of (the) hospital?
4
salir con algn to go out with sb
5 [clavo/tapón/mancha] to come out;
[ anillo] to come off
1 (aparecer, manifestarse)
(+ me/te/le etc)
le están saliendo los dientes she's teething;
me salió una ampolla I've got a blister;
le salió un sarpullido he came out in a rash;
me salieron granos I broke out o (BrE) came out in spots;
me sale sangre de la nariz my nose is bleeding;
a la planta le están saliendo hojas nuevas the plant's putting out new leaves
( de detrás de una nube) to come out
2
[ disco] to come out, be released;
(+ compl)
1 ( expresando logro) (+ me/te/le etc):
ahora mismo no me sale su nombre (fam) I can't think of her name right now;
no le salían las palabras he couldn't get his words out
2
◊ sale más barato/caro it works out less/more expensiveb) ( resultar):◊ todo salió bien everything turned out o worked out well;
salió tal como lo planeamos it turned out just as we planned;
no salió ninguna de las fotos none of the photographs came out;
¿qué número salió premiado? what was the winning number?;
salir bien/mal en un examen (Chi fam) to pass/fail an exam;
(+ me/te/le etc)
3 (de situación, estado) salir de algo ‹ de apuro› to get out of sth;
‹ de depresión› to get over sth;
salir adelante [ negocio] to stay afloat, survive;
[ propuesta] to prosper;◊ lograron salir adelante they managed to get through it
4 ( con preposición)a)
b)
salirse verbo pronominal
1
[ leche] to boil over;
salirse de algo ‹ de carretera› to come/go off sth;
‹ de tema› to get off sth;
procura no salirte del presupuesto try to keep within the budget
[ gas] to escape, come out
2 ( soltarse) [pedazo/pieza] to come off;
(+ me/te/le etc)
3 ( irse) to leave;
salirse de algo ‹ de asociación› to leave sth;◊ salirse con la suya to get one's (own) way
salir verbo intransitivo
1 (de un lugar) to go out: nunca ha salido de su país, he's never been out of his country
el ladrón salió por la ventana, the burglar got out through the window
(si el hablante está fuera) to come out: ¡sal de la habitación, por favor! please, come out of the room!
2 Inform to exit
(de un sistema) to log off
3 (partir) to leave: salí de casa a mediodía, I left home at noon
nuestro avión sale a las seis, our plane departs at six
4 (para divertirse) to go out: siempre sale los viernes, she always goes out on Friday
5 (tener una relación) to go out: está saliendo con Ana, he's going out with Ana
6 Dep to start
(en juegos) to lead
7 (manifestarse, emerger) le ha salido un grano en la cara, he has got a spot on his face
me salió sangre de la nariz, my nose was bleeding
(un astro) to rise: la Luna sale al atardecer, the moon comes out in the evening
(retoñar, germinar) to sprout
8 (surgir) la idea salió de ti, it was your idea
9 (aparecer) mi hermana salía en (la) televisión, my sister appeared on television
(un libro, un disco, etc) to come out
10 salir a (parecerse) ha salido a su hermano, he takes after his brother
(costar) el almuerzo sale a 800 pesetas cada uno, lunch works out at 800 pesetas a head
11 (resultar) su hija le ha salido muy estudiosa, her daughter has turned out to be very studious
salió premiado el número 5.566, the winning number was 5,566
(una operación matemática) a él le da 20, pero a mí me sale 25, he gets 20, but I make it 25
12 (costar) nos sale barato, it works out cheap
13 (superar una situación, una gran dificultad) to come through, get over: estuvo muy enfermo, pero salió de esa, he was very ill, but he pulled through
14 (ser elegido por votación) salió alcalde, he was elected mayor
♦ Locuciones: salir con, (manifestación inesperada) no me salgas ahora con estupideces, stop talking nonsense
' salir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acampada
- ahora
- airosa
- airoso
- al
- asomarse
- atusar
- boca
- cabronada
- casa
- con
- concebir
- contraluz
- coscorrón
- cuenta
- dar
- dejar
- desalojar
- desfilar
- desorbitar
- dimanar
- echar
- entrar
- estar
- gatas
- grabar
- gracia
- gustar
- hondura
- irse
- niqui
- palestra
- para
- parada
- parado
- paso
- pico
- pierna
- pitar
- portazo
- puntilla
- quite
- rana
- relucir
- revés
- rodada
- rodado
- salida
- sangrar
- señora
English:
after
- appear
- as
- ask out
- average out at
- back out
- be
- blow off
- boomerang
- bootstrap
- break
- break out
- break through
- call away
- can
- check out
- chicken out
- clean up
- climb
- come away
- come off
- come on
- come out
- come up
- crowd
- dash off
- dash out
- date
- depart
- discipline
- do
- doll
- doubtfully
- downpour
- draw out
- drive-through
- emerge
- even
- exit
- fancy
- flounce
- forward
- genie
- get about
- get along
- get away
- get away with
- get off
- get out
- go
* * *♦ vi1. [ir fuera] to go out;[venir fuera] to come out;¡sal aquí fuera! come out here!;no pueden salir, están atrapados they can't get out, they're trapped;¿salimos al jardín? shall we go out into the garden?;salieron al balcón they went out onto the balcony;salió a la puerta she came/went to the door;salir a escena [actor] to come/go on stage;salir a pasear/tomar el aire to go out for a walk/for a breath of fresh air;salir a hacer la compra/de compras to go shopping;salir de to go/come out of;me lo encontré al salir del cine I met him as I was coming out of the cinema;¡sal de aquí! get out of here!;¡sal de ahí! come out of there!;salimos por la escalera de incendios/la puerta trasera we left via the fire escape/through the back door;Famporque me sale/no me sale de las narices because I damn well feel like it/damn well can't be bothered;muy Famporque me sale/no me sale de los huevos because I bloody well feel like it/because I can't be arsed2. [marcharse] to leave ( para for);cuando salimos de Quito/del país when we left Quito/the country;salí de casa/del trabajo a las siete I left home/work at seven;salir corriendo to run off;Famsalir pitando to leg it;salir de viaje to go away (on a trip)¿desde cuándo llevan saliendo? how long have they been going out (together)?4. [ir a divertirse] to go out;suelo salir el fin de semana I usually go out at the weekend;salen mucho a cenar they eat out a lotMarisa ha salido de la depresión Marisa has got over o come through her depression;salir de la miseria to escape from poverty;salir de un apuro to get out of a tight spot;le he ayudado a salir de muchos líos I've helped him out of a lot of tricky situations;no sé si podremos salir de ésta I don't know how we're going to get out of this one;con este dinero no vamos a salir de pobres this money isn't exactly enough for us never to have to work again6. [desembocar] [calle, sendero, carretera]¿a dónde sale esta calle? where does this street come out?este corcho no sale this cork won't come out8. [resultar] to turn out;ha salido muy estudioso he's turned out to be very studious;¿cómo salió la fiesta? how did the party go?;¿qué salió en la votación? what was the result of the vote?;a mí me sale un total de 35.000 pesos I've got a total of 35,000 pesos, I make it 35,000 pesos in total;salió (como) senador por California he was elected (as) senator for California;salió elegida actriz del año she was voted actress of the year;salió herido/ileso del accidente he was/wasn't injured in the accident;salir premiado to be awarded a prize;salir bien/mal [examen, entrevista] to go well/badly;[plato, dibujo] to turn out well/badly;¿qué tal te ha salido? how did it go?;me ha salido bien/mal [examen, entrevista] it went well/badly;[plato, dibujo] it turned out well/badly; [cuenta] I got it right/wrong;normalmente me sale a la primera I normally get it right first time;a mí la paella no me sale tan bien como a ti my paella never turns out as well as yours does;¿te salen las cuentas? do all the figures tally?;salir ganando/perdiendo to come off well/badly9. [en sorteo, juego] [número, nombre] to come up;no me ha salido un as en toda la partida I haven't got o had a single ace in the whole gameel vino sale de la uva wine comes from grapes;salió de él (lo de) regalarte unas flores it was his idea to get you the flowers11. [surgir, brotar] [luna, estrellas] to come out;[sol] to rise; [flores, hojas] to come out; [dientes] to come through;le han salido varias flores al rosal the rose bush has got several flowers now;le están saliendo canas he's getting grey hairs, he's going grey;le están saliendo los dientes her teeth are starting to come through, she's teething;me salen los colores con tanto cumplido all these compliments are making me blush;le ha salido un sarpullido en la espalda her back has come out in a rash;te está saliendo sangre you're bleeding;me ha salido un grano en la nariz I've got a spot on my nose12. [aparecer] [publicación, producto, modelo] to come out;[disco] to come out, to be released; [moda, ley] to come in; [trauma, prejuicios] to come out; [tema, asunto] to come up;una revista que sale los jueves a magazine that comes out on Thursdays;su nuevo disco saldrá al mercado en otoño her new record comes out o will be released in the autumn;salieron (a relucir) todos sus miedos all his fears came out;¡qué bien sales en esta foto! you look great in this photo!;ha salido en los periódicos/en la tele it's been in the papers/on TV;salir de/en [en película, serie, obra de teatro] to appear as/in;salía de extra en “Ben-Hur” he appeared as o was an extra in “Ben-Hur”;salir en defensa de alguien to come to sb's defence13. [presentarse, ofrecerse] [ocasión, oportunidad] to turn up, to come along;[puesto, empleo] to come up; [problema] to arise; [contratiempo] to occur;le ha salido una plaza de profesor en Tegucigalpa a job has come up for him as a teacher in Tegucigalpa;a lo que salga, salga lo que salga whatever happens¿por cuánto me saldría una moto de segunda mano? how much would a second-hand motorbike cost me o come to?;en botella te saldrá más barata la cerveza the beer works out cheaper if you buy it bottled;salir caro [económicamente] to be expensive;[por las consecuencias] to be costly15. [decir u obrar inesperadamente]nunca se sabe por dónde va a salir you never know what she's going to come out with/do next;el jefe sale con cada tontería… the boss comes out with some really stupid remarks;salió con que era un incomprendido y nadie le hacía caso he claimed he was misunderstood and that no one ever took any notice of him;¿y ahora nos sales con ésas? now you tell us!eres un vago, en eso has salido a tu padre you're a layabout, just like your father17. [en juegos] to lead;te toca salir a ti it's your lead;salió con un as she led with an ace;salen blancas [en damas, ajedrez] white goes first18. [desaparecer] to come out;la mancha de vino no sale the wine stain won't come outsalir de un programa to quit o exit a program20.[proyecto, propuesta, ley] to be successful;salir adelante [persona, empresa] to get by;la familia lo está pasando muy mal para salir adelante the family is struggling to get by o to make ends meet* * *v/i1 leave, go out;salir de apuros get out of difficulties;salir corriendo run off;salir con alguien date s.o., go out with s.o.2 ( aparecer) appear, come out3:salir a bolsa float, be floated6 ( parecerse a):7 ( resultar):salir bien/mal turn out well/badly;salió caro tb fig it worked out expensive;salir ileso escape unharmed;salir perdiendo end up losing;salir a 1000 colones cost 1000 colons;a lo que salga any old how8:¡ya salió aquello! fam why did you have to bring that up?;salir con algo fam come out with sth;¿y ahora me sales con que no tienes dinero? and you’re telling me now that you don’t have any money?9 ( conseguir):el dibujo no me sale fam I can’t get this drawing right;no me salió el trabajo I didn’t get the job10:salir por alguien stand up for s.o.* * *salir {73} vi1) : to go out, to come out, to get outsalimos todas las noches: we go out every nightsu libro acaba de salir: her book just came out2) partir: to leave, to depart3) aparecer: to appearsalió en todos los diarios: it came out in all the papers4) : to project, to stick out5) : to cost, to come to6) resultar: to turn out, to prove7) : to come up, to occursalga lo que salga: whatever happenssalió una oportunidad: an opportunity came up8)salir a : to take after, to look like, to resemble9)salir con : to go out with, to date* * *salir vb1. (en general) to go out3. (aparecer) to be¿por qué no sales tú en la foto? why aren't you in the photo?¿cuándo sale esa revista? when does that magazine come out?¿a qué hora sale el sol? what time does the sun rise?6. (sol verse) to come out7. (surgir) to getsi me sale este trabajo... if I get this job...8. (resultar) to turn out / to work outal final, todo salió bien everything turned out all right at the end -
13 cambio
m.1 change.se ha producido un cambio de situación the situation has changed, there has been a change in the situationa las primeras de cambio at the first opportunitycambio de domicilio change of addresscambio horario = putting clocks back or forward one hour (bianual)cambio de gobierno change of governmentcambio de sentido U-turn2 exchange (intercambio).a cambio (de) in exchange o return (for)no pido nada a cambio I'm not asking for anything back o in return3 change (monedas).nos hemos quedado sin cambio(s) we're out of change¿tiene cambio de cinco mil? have you got change of o for five thousand?quédese con el cambio keep the change4 price (finance) (de acciones).5 substitution, change (sport) (sustitución).hacer un cambio to make a substitution o changepres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: cambiar.* * *1 change, changing2 (intercambio) exchange, exchanging3 (dinero suelto) change, loose change; (vuelta) change■ ¿me puedes dar cambio de cien euros? can you change a hundred euros?4 (acciones) price, quotation; (divisas) exchange rate5 (tren) switch6 AUTOMÓVIL gear change\a cambio de in exchange fora las primeras de cambio figurado at the first opportunityen cambio on the other hand, but, whereas■ tú no puedes cantar, en cambio él sí you can't sing, but he cancaja de cambio AUTOMÓVIL gearboxcambio automático AUTOMÓVIL automatic transmissioncambio de la guardia changing of the guardcambio de planes change of planscasa de cambio bureau de changelibre cambio free trade* * *noun m.1) change2) alteration3) exchange, swap•- a cambio- en cambio* * *SM1) (=variación) changeel entrenador ha hecho ya tres cambios en lo que va de partido — the coach has already made three substitutions o changes so far in the match
estamos en la época de cambio entre el otoño y el invierno — we are in the changeover period between autumn and winter
•
siempre nos veíamos durante el cambio de clase — we always used to meet in the break between classes•
un cambio para mejor/peor — a change for the better/worsecambio de agujas — (Ferro) points junction, switch junction (EEUU)
cambio de gobierno — [completo] change of government; [parcial] reshuffle
cambio de línea — (Inform) line feed
cambio de marchas — (=acción) gear change; (=mecanismo) gear stick, gearshift (EEUU)
cambio de opinión — change of opinion, turn in opinion
cambio de página — (Inform) form feed
cambio de rasante, prohibido adelantar en un cambio de rasante — no overtaking on the brow of a hill
cambio de tercio — (Taur) change of stage ( in a bullfight)
cambio de velocidades — = cambio de marchas
cambio de vía — (Ferro) points pl, switches pl (EEUU)
hacer el cambio de vía — to go through the points o switches
2) (=intercambio) exchange, swap *hicimos un cambio de coche — we exchanged cars, we swapped cars *
3) (Econ)a) (=dinero suelto) change¿tienes cambio de 50 euros? — do you have change for 50 euros?, can you change 50 euros?
b) [de moneda extranjera] (=tipo) exchange rateCambio — Bureau de Change, Change
4)• a cambio — in return, in exchange
"admitimos su coche usado a cambio" — "cars taken in part exchange", "trade-ins accepted"
•
a cambio de — in return for, in exchange forreclamaba dinero a cambio de su silencio — he demanded money in return o exchange for keeping quiet (about it)
5)• en cambio — whereas
yo nunca llego a tiempo, en cambio ella es muy puntual — I never arrive on time, whereas she is very punctual
¿pero qué ha sucedido en cambio? — but instead, what has happened?
* * *1)a) (alteración, modificación) changecambio de algo — <de planes/domicilio> change of something
un cambio de aires or ambiente — a change of scene
a la primera de cambio — (fam) at the first opportunity
b) (Auto) gearshift (AmE), gear change (BrE)meta el cambio — (AmL) put it in gear
un coche con cinco cambios — (AmL) a car with a five-speed gearbox
2)a) ( canje) exchangeb) (en locs)a cambio (de) — in exchange (for), in return (for)
en cambio: a él le gusta a mí en cambio no he likes it but I don't; el autobús es agotador, en cambio el tren es muy agradable — the bus is exhausting; the train however o on the other hand is very pleasant
3)a) (Fin) ( de moneda extranjera) exchange¿a cómo está el cambio? — what's the exchange rate?
cambio — bureau de change, change
al cambio del día — at the current exchange rate; libre I 1)
b) ( diferencia) changec) ( dinero suelto) change¿tienes cambio de mil? — can you change a thousand pesetas?
* * *1)a) (alteración, modificación) changecambio de algo — <de planes/domicilio> change of something
un cambio de aires or ambiente — a change of scene
a la primera de cambio — (fam) at the first opportunity
b) (Auto) gearshift (AmE), gear change (BrE)meta el cambio — (AmL) put it in gear
un coche con cinco cambios — (AmL) a car with a five-speed gearbox
2)a) ( canje) exchangeb) (en locs)a cambio (de) — in exchange (for), in return (for)
en cambio: a él le gusta a mí en cambio no he likes it but I don't; el autobús es agotador, en cambio el tren es muy agradable — the bus is exhausting; the train however o on the other hand is very pleasant
3)a) (Fin) ( de moneda extranjera) exchange¿a cómo está el cambio? — what's the exchange rate?
cambio — bureau de change, change
al cambio del día — at the current exchange rate; libre I 1)
b) ( diferencia) changec) ( dinero suelto) change¿tienes cambio de mil? — can you change a thousand pesetas?
* * *cambio11 = adaptive response, alteration, change, editing, modulation, move, recasting, redesign, rotation, shift, transfer, transformation, changeover [change-over], disturbance, mutation, permeability, reformation, switchover, reverse, shift away from, shifting, changing of the guard, swing, bartering, switch, switching, change.Ex: It is too early to assess the success of the adaptive responses which have been instituted in most SLIS.
Ex: A musical adaptation is a musical work that represents a distinct alteration of another work (e.g. a free transcription), a work that paraphrases parts of various works or the general style of another composer, or a work that is merely based on other music (e.g. variations on a them).Ex: These changes have meant modifications, some very time-consuming, to serials catalogues in libraries.Ex: To ensure further that all the index entries generated by chain procedure are indeed helpful, the initial analysis of the chain may require editing.Ex: There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.Ex: Better flexibility is achieved if the heating, ventilation and lighting can accommodate this move without the need for any alterations.Ex: This kind of large-scale recasting offers an opportunity for the scheme to go forward rather than stagnate until it is completely taken by events.Ex: This action was the redesign of the enquiry form in order to elicit more information from the enquirer.Ex: The entries that result from the rotation mechanism have standard layout, punctuation and typography, all of which have been pre-programmed.Ex: Transitory circumstances of daily life are what cause these shifts.Ex: When the record transfer is complete, the catalog summary screen is shown for the new record so that the user can review and update it.Ex: Hungary faces far-reaching socio-economic transformation which will inevitably affect libraries as well.Ex: The changeover has resulted in more rapid machine-editing of input and reduced costs for cataloguing.Ex: A centralised system was chosen to ensure speedy receipt and dissemination with minimal disturbances.Ex: The very meanings of words like 'library' and 'university' are about to undergo mutations too radical to conceive, much less predict = Los significados mismos de palabras como "biblioteca" y "universidad" están a punto de experimentar cambios demasiado radicales de concevir y cuanto mucho menos de predecir.Ex: There is greater permeability than before between different types of library at the start of a career but, once settled in a post, fewer librarians than before change from one type of library to another.Ex: The author presents suggestions for the reformation of medical library education.Ex: The transition date for the switchover is 1 Oct 2000.Ex: Moreover, we conclude that the process of placing a feminist stamp on working relations is both far from complete and subject to reverses.Ex: This article discusses the effects of changes in the economy on the distribution of work in libraries which indicate a shift away from its female origins.Ex: This article considers the use of a spreadsheet in the shifting of periodicals collections in order to save time.Ex: The recent reorganization has resulted in a merger of the academic and public divisions and a changing of the guard among the company's top officials.Ex: The addition of new feedback techniques produced a significant swing in favour of the application.Ex: Holdings will become increasingly important as a bartering tool to gain additional access benefits.Ex: Office automation have brought about a switch to a paperless office.Ex: These 'spuriously loyal' customers are not willing to churn just because of switching costs.Ex: Most libraries maintain a small cash float for the giving of change and, in addition, money/ is received in payment of fines.* a cambio = in return.* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.* a cambio de nada = for nothing.* aceptar el cambio = embrace + change.* aceptar un cambio = accommodate + change.* adaptarse al cambio = accommodate to + change, adapt to + change.* adaptarse a los cambios = flow with + the tides.* adoptar un cambio = adopt + change, accommodate + change.* agente de cambio = agent of(for) change, force for change, force of change.* agente del cambio = change agent.* aires de cambio = wind(s) of change, the, seas of change, the.* cambio a = flight to.* cambio brusco = revulsion, flip-flop.* cambio brusco de velocidad del viento = wind shear.* cambio climático = climate change, climatic change.* cambio cualitativo = step change, qualitative change.* cambio cuantitativo = quantitative change.* cambio cultural = cultural change.* cambio de actitud = change in attitude, change of heart.* cambio de aires = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene, greener pastures, pastures new.* cambio de ambiente = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.* cambio de aspecto = lick of paint.* cambio de ciudadanía = change of citizenship.* cambio de dirección = change of hands.* cambio de dueño = change of hands.* cambio de énfasis = shift of emphasis, shift in emphasis.* cambio de entorno = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.* cambio de hora estacional = daylight saving time.* cambio de idea = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de imagen = makeover [make-over], makeover [make-over].* cambio de instalación eléctrica = rewiring.* cambio de la guardia = changing of the guard.* cambio de look = lick of paint.* cambio de lugar = relocation.* cambio de manos = change of hands.* cambio de mirada = gaze-shift.* cambio demográfico = population trend.* cambio de nacionalidad = change of citizenship.* cambio de nombre = rebranding.* cambio de opinión = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de orientación = paradigm change, paradigm shift.* cambio de paradigma = paradigm change, paradigm shift.* cambio de parecer = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de procedimiento = procedural change.* cambio de propietario = change of hands.* cambio de proveedor = churn.* cambio de registro = code switching.* cambio de residencia = resettlement.* cambio de servicio = churn.* cambio de sexo = sex change.* cambio de título = title change.* cambio escénico = scene changing.* cambio estacional = seasonal change.* cambio hormonal = hormonal change.* cambio inesperado = twist.* cambio institucional = institutional change.* cambio metereológico = weather modification.* cambio + ocurrir = change + take place.* cambio + producirse = change + come about.* cambio profundo = profound change.* cambio radical = revulsion, sea change, radical change.* cambio radical de postura = about-face.* cambio revolucionario = revolutionary change.* cambios = second thoughts, ebb and flow.* cambio social = social change, societal change.* cambio + suceder = change + take place.* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.* cambio total = turnabout [turn-about], turnaround.* cambio transformador = transformative change, transforming change.* cambio traumático = traumatic change.* cambio vertiginoso = spiral of change.* clima de cambio = climate of change.* efectuar cambios = wreak + changes.* efectuar un cambio = effect + change.* elemento de cambio = agent of(for) change.* en cambio = by contrast, in contrast, instead, shifting, by comparison.* en constante cambio = ever-changing [ever changing], ever-fluid, on the move, fast changing [fast-changing], ever-shifting.* en continuo cambio = constantly shifting, ever-changing [ever changing], ever-shifting.* en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.* enfrentarse a los cambios = cope with + change.* en proceso de cambio = changing.* estado de cambio = state of flux.* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.* estar en proceso de cambio = be in flux.* estar sujeto a cambios = be written in sand, not stone, be subject to change.* experimentar un cambio = bring about + change, undergo + modification, undergo + change, undergo + transition.* experimentar un cambio + Adjetivo = take + a + Adjetivo + turn.* hacer cambios en la búsqueda = renegotiate + search.* hacer cambios indebidamente = tamper (with).* hacer el cambio = make + the change.* hacer frente al cambio = manage + change.* hacer frente a un cambio = meet + change.* hacer un cambio = make + change.* impulsor del cambio = driver of change.* introducir un cambio = bring + change.* libre cambio = laissez-faire.* línea internacional de cambio de fecha, la = International Date Line, the.* lograr un cambio = accomplish + change.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* momento clave del cambio = tipping point.* moneda de cambio = bargaining chip.* mostrar por medio de cambio de intensidad en el brillo = flash up.* motor del cambio = driver of change.* no hacer ningún cambio = stand + pat.* no sufrir cambios = remain + normal.* ocasionar un cambio = bring about + change, trigger + change.* operación de cambio de sexo = sex-change surgery, sex-change operation.* permanecer sin cambios = remain + unchanged.* proceso de cambio = process of change.* producir un cambio = effect + change, produce + change, trigger + change.* provocar cambios = wreak + changes.* provocar un cambio = bring about + change.* reacio al cambio = resistant to change.* realizar un cambio = make + alteration, implement + change.* repercusiones del cambio = impact of change.* resistente al cambio = resistant to change.* ritmo del cambio = rate of change, pace of change.* ser susceptible de cambios = be subject to change.* sin cambio = inviolate.* sin cambios = monotone, stable, undisturbed, unchanged, unmodified, unaltered, unedited.* subsidio para cambio de residencia = resettlement allowance.* suceder un cambio = occur + change.* sucesión de cambios bruscos = roller coaster ride, roller coaster.* sufrir un cambio = experience + change, undergo + change.* suponer un cambio = bring about + change.* trabajar a cambio de nada = work for + nothing.cambio22 = loose change.Ex: Forget climate change, voters want more loose change.
* bolsa de cambio = stock exchange.* cambio de divisas = currency rate, currency exchange.* cambio de moneda = exchange rate, foreign exchange, currency exchange rate, market rate of exchange, foreign exchange rate, currency rate, rate of exchange, currency exchange.* letra de cambio = bill of exchange.* oficina de cambio = exchange office, currency exchange bureau, exchange bureau.* tipo de cambio = exchange rate, rate of exchange.* variación de los tipos de cambio = exchange rate change.cambio33 = gear, derailleur.Nota: De bicicleta.Ex: Their products were charming and much less expensive than American clockwork toys because they used tinplate gears rather than brass.
Ex: There is a front and a rear derailleur on most modern bikes.* palanca de cambio = shifter.* * *A1 (alteración, modificación) changeel cambio que ha tenido lugar en él the change he has undergonecambio DE algo:un brusco cambio de temperatura a sudden change in temperaturelo que tú necesitas es un cambio de aires or ambiente what you need is a change of sceneha habido un cambio de planes there's been a change of planuna operación de cambio de sexo a sex-change operationcambio de uso del suelo change of land use ( in urban planning)hacer un cambio to change gearmeta el cambio ( AmL); put it in gearun coche con cinco cambios ( AmL); a car with a five-speed gearboxCompuestos:climate changechange of addressscene changechange of guard, changing of the guardaudiblebrow of a hillaudible( Auto) junctionB1 (canje) exchangecreo que has salido perdiendo con el cambio I think you've lost out in the deal[ S ] no se admiten cambios ni devoluciones goods cannot be exchanged or returned2 ( en locs):a cambio in exchange, in returna cambio de in exchange for, in return forestoy dispuesto a hacerlo a cambio de un pequeño favor I'm prepared to do it in exchange o in return for a small favordaría cualquier cosa a cambio de un poco de paz I'd do anything for a bit of peaceen cambio: a él le parece espléndido; a mí, en cambio, no me gusta he thinks it's wonderful, but personally I don't like itel viaje en autobús es agotador, en cambio irse en tren es muy agradable the bus journey is exhausting whereas o but if you go by train it's very pleasant, the bus journey is exhausting; if you go by train, however o on the other hand, it is very pleasantC1 ( Fin) (de moneda extranjera) exchangecambio de divisas foreign exchange¿a cómo está el cambio? what's the exchange rate?[ S ] cambio bureau de change, changeal cambio del día at the current exchange rate2 (diferencia) changequédese con el cambio keep the changeme ha dado mal el cambio he's given me the wrong change3 (dinero menudo) change¿tienes cambio de diez? can you change ten euros?necesito cambio para el teléfono I need some change for the telephoneCompuestos:daily exchange rate o rate of exchangeforeign exchange* * *
Del verbo cambiar: ( conjugate cambiar)
cambio es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
cambió es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
cambiar
cambio
cambiar ( conjugate cambiar) verbo transitivo
1
b) (de lugar, posición):
cambié las flores de florero I put the flowers in a different vase
cambiole el nombre a algo to change the name of sth
e) (Fin) to change;
cambié 100 libras a or (Esp) en dólares I changed 100 pounds into dollars
2 ( canjear) ‹sellos/estampas› to swap, to trade (esp AmE);
cambio algo por algo ‹sellos/estampas› to swap o (esp AmE) trade sth for sth;
‹ compra› to exchange o change sth for sth;◊ ¿quieres que te cambie el lugar? do you want me to swap o change places with you?
verbo intransitivo
le está cambiando la voz his voice is breakingb) (Auto) to change gear
◊ cambio de avión/tren to change planes/train
cambio de sentido to make (AmE) o (BrE) do a U-turn
cambiarse verbo pronominal
cambiose de algo ‹de camisa/zapatos› to change sth;
cambiose de casa to move house;
cámbiate de camisa change your shirtc) cambiose por algn to change places with sb
cambio sustantivo masculino
1
cambio de algo ‹de planes/domicilio› change of sth;
un cambio de aire(s) or ambiente a change of scene
cambio de sentido U-turn
2
( on signs) no se admiten cambios goods cannot be exchangedb) ( en locs)
en cambio: el viaje en autobús es agotador, en cambio en tren es muy agradable the bus journey is exhausting;
by train however o on the other hand is very pleasant
3
¿a cómo está el cambio? what's the exchange rate?;
( on signs) cambio bureau de change, change
cambiar
I verbo transitivo
1 to change
2 (cromos, etc) to swap, (en un comercio) exchange
3 (un tipo de moneda por otro) to change
II verbo intransitivo to change
cambiar de casa, to move (house)
cambiar de idea, to change one's mind
cambiar de sitio, to move
cambiar de trabajo, to get another job
cambiar de velocidad, to change gear
cambio sustantivo masculino
1 change
(de opinión) shift
un cambio de impresiones, an exchange of opinions
2 (del dinero) change: ¿tienes cambio de cinco mil?, have you got change for five thousand?
3 Fin (de la moneda extranjera) exchange
(de unas acciones) price
4 Auto gear change
cambio automático, automatic transmission
cambio de rasante, brow of a hill
♦ Locuciones: a cambio de, in exchange for
a las primeras de cambio, at the firsl opportunity
en cambio, on the other hand: él es muy engreído, en cambio ella es muy dulce, he's really conceited; on the other hand she is very sweet
' cambio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrupta
- abrupto
- aguantar
- aire
- alteración
- apreciarse
- benéfica
- benéfico
- biombo
- brutal
- desplazamiento
- experimentar
- girar
- imponerse
- inflexión
- letra
- oscilación
- por
- primera
- primero
- radical
- semblante
- sensible
- tipo
- vaivén
- viraje
- vuelta
- acelerar
- acentuado
- apreciable
- apresurar
- brusco
- cambiar
- cara
- cerrado
- efectuar
- feria
- guardia
- idea
- importante
- inevitable
- lado
- libre
- nuevo
- observar
- operar
- opinión
- producir
- quedar
- rápido
English:
abrupt
- adjustment
- alarmed
- alteration
- bare
- better
- change
- chapter
- conversely
- department
- displacement
- distinct
- draft
- dramatic
- dramatically
- drastic
- euro
- exchange
- exchange rate
- fall
- float
- gearshift
- gearstick
- instead
- intend
- into
- likely
- major
- make
- modification
- occur
- protection money
- rate
- refreshing
- refreshingly
- return
- reversal
- round
- sex change
- shift
- short-change
- slight
- small change
- subject
- substantial
- sudden
- swap for
- sweep
- sweeping
- swing
* * *♦ nm1. [alteración, modificación] change;vivimos una época de grandes cambios we live in times of great change;cambio de actitud change in attitude;cambio de gobierno change of government;cambio radical turnabout, turnround;cambio de tiempo change in the weather;ha ganado con el cambio de trabajo he has benefited from changing jobs;con el cambio de política hemos perdido todos we have all lost out as a result of the change in policy;se ha producido un cambio de situación the situation has changed, there has been a change in the situation;el cambio al sistema métrico ha sido muy sencillo the changeover to the metric system has been very straightforward;tu hijo ha pegado un cambio tremendo your son has really changed;a las primeras de cambio at the first opportunity;abandonó la carrera a las primeras de cambio she dropped out of the race almost as soon as it had started o shortly after it had started;cayeron eliminados a las primeras de cambio they fell at the first hurdlecambio climático climate change; Ling cambio de código code switching;cambio de domicilio change of address;cambio de escena Teatro scene change;Fig change of scene;cambio generacional: [m5] el partido necesita un cambio generacional urgente the party is in urgent need of a new generation of leaders;este joven pintor es un ejemplo del cambio generacional en marcha this young man is one of the new generation of painters who are coming to dominate the artistic scene;cambio de guardia [ceremonia] changing of the guard;cambio horario [bianual] = putting clocks back or forward one hour;cambio hormonal hormonal change;cambio de imagen image change;el cambio de milenio the end of the millennium;cambio de rasante brow of a hill;cambio de sentido U-turn;cambio de sexo sex change;Der cambio de tribunal change of venue; Ferroc cambio de vía Br points, US switch2. [reemplazo, trueque] exchange;durante las rebajas no se admiten cambios while the sales are on, goods may not be exchanged;a cambio (de) in exchange o return (for);no pido nada a cambio I'm not asking for anything back o in return;se admite su vieja lavadora a cambio we will take your old washing machine in part exchange;te dejo el coche a cambio de que lo laves I'll let you use my car if you wash it for meAut cambio de aceite oil change;cambio de impresiones exchange of views;Quím cambio iónico ion exchange;cambio de papeles role reversal3. [monedas, billetes] change;¿tiene cambio? have you got any change?;¿tiene cambio de 5.000? have you got change for o Br of 5,000?;nos hemos quedado sin cambio(s) we're out of change;quédese con el cambio keep the change;me ha dado el cambio incorrecto she gave me the wrong change[de divisas] exchange rate;ha bajado el cambio del peso the (exchange rate of the) peso has fallen;los valores eléctricos han mantenido el cambio share prices in the electricity companies have remained steady;¿a cuánto está el cambio de la libra? what's the exchange rate for the pound?cambio base base rate;cambio extranjero foreign exchange;cambio medio average exchange rate;cambio oficial official exchange ratecambio automático automatic transmission;cambio de marchas [acción] gear change;[palanca] Br gear stick, US gear shift;cambio sincronizado [en bicicleta] indexed gear;cambio de velocidades [acción] gear change;[palanca] Br gear stick, US gear shifthacer un cambio to make a substitution o change;el equipo visitante ha pedido (hacer un) cambio the away team want to make a substitution o change;el jugador lesionado pidió el cambio al entrenador the injured player signalled to the manager that he wanted to come off♦ interjRad¡cambio (y corto)! over!;¡cambio y cierro! over and out!♦ en cambio loc adv[por otra parte] on the other hand, however; [en su lugar] instead;ellos no pueden ayudarnos, en cambio tú sí they can't help us, but o whereas you can;éste me gusta, en cambio este otro es feo I like this one, but this other one is horrible* * *m1 change;cambio de domicilio change of address;cambio de aires change of scene;cambio de turno change of shift;cambio de aceite AUTO oil change;2 COM exchange rate;el cambio del día the day’s (exchange) rate;libre cambio COM free trade3 ( suelto):¿tiene cambio? do you have change?4:no se admiten cambios goods will not be exchanged5 en locuciones:a cambio de in exchange for;en cambio on the other hand* * *cambio nm1) : change, alteration2) : exchange3) : change (money)4)en cambio : instead5)en cambio : however, on the other hand* * *cambio n1. (en general) change¿tienes cambio? have you got any change?2. (divisas) exchange rate -
14 cola
f.1 tail.2 train.3 queue (fila) (British).4 bottom.están a la cola del mundo civilizado en cuanto a inversiones educativas they have the worst record in the civilized world as regards investment in educationir a la cola del pelotón to be one of the backmarkerstener o traer cola (informal) to have serious consequences o repercussions5 glue (pegamento).6 cola (bebida).7 willy (British), peter (United States) (informal) (penis).8 bum (British), butt (United States) (informal) (nalgas). ( Latin American Spanish)9 line, row, queue, tail of a list.10 wallpaper paste.11 cauda.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: colar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: colar.* * *1 (gen) tail2 (de vestido) train; (de chaqueta) tail3 (fila) queue, US line\a la cola at the back, at the rearestar en la cola figurado to be the lasthacer cola to queue up, US stand in lineponerse en la cola to get into the queue, US get in linetraer cola familiar to have serious consequencesvagón de cola rear coach————————1 (pegamento) glue\no pega ni con cola familiar it doesn't match at all————————1 (árbol) cola* * *noun f.1) tail2) line3) glue* * *ISF1) [de animal, avión, cometa] tailtraer cola —
la decisión del árbitro va a traer cola — this is not the last we will hear of the referee's decision
cola de caballo — (=en el pelo) pony tail; (=planta) horsetail
cola de milano, cola de pato — (Téc) dovetail
cola de rata — (Pesca) fly line
2) [de frac] tail; [de vestido] train3) (=hilera) queue, line (EEUU)se formó una cola de dos kilómetros debido al accidente — a two-kilometre tailback formed because of the accident
¡a la cola! — get in the queue!, get in line! (EEUU)
hacer cola — to queue (up), line up (EEUU)
ponerse a la cola — to join o get into the queue, join o get into the line (EEUU)
4) (=parte final) [de manifestación] tail end, back; [de carrera] backel ciclista estaba en o a la cola del pelotón — the cyclist was at the back of o at the tail end of the pack
los equipos en la cola de la tabla — the teams at the foot o bottom of the table
estamos a la cola de las sociedades civilizadas — we are at the bottom of the league of civilized societies
5) * (=pene) willy *, weenie (EEUU) *6) Ven(Aut)IIpedir cola — to ask for a lift o ride (EEUU)
SF (=pegamento) glue, gum; [para decorar] sizepintura a la cola — distemper; (Arte) tempera
IIIno pegar ni con cola —
SF1) (=planta) cola, kola2) (=bebida) cola, Coke ®3) And (=refresco) fizzy drinkIV* SM Chile poof **, queer *** * *I1)a) (de un animal, pez) tailtraer or tener cola — to have repercussions
b) ( de vestido) train; ( de frac) tails (pl)d) (RPl fam) ( nalgas) bottom (colloq)e) (Esp fam) ( pene) weenie (AmE colloq), willy (BrE colloq)2)a) (fila, línea) line (AmE), queue (BrE)no hay mucha cola — there isn't much of a line o queue
hacer cola — to line up (AmE), to queue (up) (BrE)
a la cola! — get in line! o in the queue!
brincarse or saltarse la cola — (Méx) to jump the line o queue
b) (de una clasificación, carrera)en lo que se refiere a la investigación estamos a la cola — as far as research is concerned, we are at the bottom of the pile o the league (colloq)
3) ( pegamento) glueno pegar ni con cola: esos colores no pegan ni con cola those colors just don't go together; aquí no pega ni con cola — it just doesn't look right here (colloq)
4) ( bebida) Coke®, cola5) (Ven) (Auto)IIdarle la cola a alguien — to give somebody a lift o a ride
masculino (Chi fam & pey) fag (AmE colloq & pej), poof (BrE colloq & pej)* * *I1)a) (de un animal, pez) tailtraer or tener cola — to have repercussions
b) ( de vestido) train; ( de frac) tails (pl)d) (RPl fam) ( nalgas) bottom (colloq)e) (Esp fam) ( pene) weenie (AmE colloq), willy (BrE colloq)2)a) (fila, línea) line (AmE), queue (BrE)no hay mucha cola — there isn't much of a line o queue
hacer cola — to line up (AmE), to queue (up) (BrE)
a la cola! — get in line! o in the queue!
brincarse or saltarse la cola — (Méx) to jump the line o queue
b) (de una clasificación, carrera)en lo que se refiere a la investigación estamos a la cola — as far as research is concerned, we are at the bottom of the pile o the league (colloq)
3) ( pegamento) glueno pegar ni con cola: esos colores no pegan ni con cola those colors just don't go together; aquí no pega ni con cola — it just doesn't look right here (colloq)
4) ( bebida) Coke®, cola5) (Ven) (Auto)IIdarle la cola a alguien — to give somebody a lift o a ride
masculino (Chi fam & pey) fag (AmE colloq & pej), poof (BrE colloq & pej)* * *cola11 = tail, train.Ex: At first he tried self-treatment by rubbing it with the tail of a cat, but eventually gave in and consulted a local physician.
Ex: This floor-length wedding dress is made of fine apple green taffeta, high waisted, with a small train, and the bodice lined with coarse white linen.* ciervo de cola blanca = white-tailed deer.* cola de caballo = ponytail, pigtails.* cola de discos = disc queue.* cola de documentos reservados y disponibles = held-document-available queue.* cola de espera = queue.* cola de impresión = print queue.* cola de los rezagados, la = trailing edge, the.* cola de reclamaciones = recall queue.* cola de tráfico = tailback.* con cola = caudate.* con cola espesa = bushy-tailed.* con cola tupida = bushy-tailed.* formar una cola = form + queue.* gestor de colas de impresión = print spooler.* hacer cola = queue up.* piano de cola = grand piano.* poner en cola = queue.* poner en cola de espera = place + in queue.* ponerse en cola = queue up, line up.* procesar una cola de espera = clear + queue.* sin cola = ecaudate.* viento de cola = tailwind.cola22 = size, adhesive, glue.Ex: The sheets of paper were dipped by handfuls into hot size, a solution of animal gelatine made from vellum or leather shavings boiled in water, to make them relatively impermeable.
Ex: A covering material of fast, even colour, was eventually produced that was impervious to the adhesive with which it was stuck to the boards.Ex: The solution was found to be a composition of glue and treacle which could be cast at first on to a cloth backing and later directly on to the roller stock.* cola de alumbre = alum sizing.* cola de colofonia = rosin size.* cola de piel de conejo = rabbit-skin glue.* encuadernación en cola = perfect binding, adhesive binding.* no pegar ni con cola = stick out like + a sore thumb.* * *cola1A1 (de un animal, pez) tailtraer or tener cola: este asunto va a traer cola this is going to have repercussionsno lo van a olvidar, te aseguro que esto va a traer cola they aren't going to forget it easily, I'll bet we haven't heard the last of it yetel que tiene cola de zacate no puede jugar con lumbre (AmC, Méx); people who live in glass houses should not throw stones3 (de un avión) tail; (de un cometa) tailCompuestos:ponytaildovetail, dovetail jointBpodemos esperar, no hay mucha cola we could wait, there isn't much of a line o queuetuvimos que hacer cola durante dos horas we had to wait in line o we had to queue for two hours¡a la cola! get in line!, get in the queue!pónganse a la cola por favor please join the (end of the) line o queuebrincarse or saltarse la cola ( Méx); to push in ( colloq), to cut the line ( AmE), to jump the queue ( BrE)2(de una clasificación, carrera): un partido entre dos equipos en la cola a game between two bottom-of-the-league teams o two teams at the bottom of the divisionen lo que se refiere a la investigación científica estamos a la cola as far as scientific research is concerned, we are at the bottom of the pile o the league ( colloq)a la cola del pelotón at the tail end of the groupC (pegamento — para papeles) glue, gum; (— para madera) glueno pegar ni con cola: esa falda y esa blusa quedan fatal, no pegan ni con cola that skirt and blouse look terrible, they just don't go togetheresos cuadros aquí no pegan ni con cola those paintings just don't look right o ( colloq) don't go in hereCompuestos:wood glue o adhesive● cola de contacto/impactocontact/impact adhesivefish glue, isinglass ( tech)D (bebida) Coke®, colarefresco de cola cola drinkE¿me puedes dar la cola? can you give me a lift o a ride?cola2* * *
cola sustantivo femenino
1a) (Zool) tail;
( de frac) tails (pl)
2 ( fila) line (AmE), queue (BrE);◊ hacer cola to line up (AmE), to queue (up) (BrE);
pónganse a la cola por favor please join the (end of the) line o queue;
brincarse la cola (Méx) to jump the line o queue;
a la cola del pelotón at the tail end of the group
3
4 (Ven) (Auto):
darle la cola a algn to give sb a lift o a ride
cola 1 sustantivo femenino
1 (de animal, de un avión) tail
2 (peinado) ponytail
3 (de un vestido) train
4 (fila) queue, US line: hicimos cola durante una hora, we were queuing for an hour
5 (final) bottom, a la cola, at the back o rear
♦ Locuciones: familiar traer cola, to have consequences
cola 2 sustantivo femenino (pegamento) glue
' cola' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
calimocho
- coleta
- piano
- prensil
- su
- turno
- vagón
- vez
- colar
- coletazo
- formar
- interminable
- kilométrico
- mover
- pegado
- pegar
- peludo
- recoger
- unir
- viento
English:
catch 22
- Coke
- fizz
- flick
- formula
- glue
- grand
- grand piano
- join
- line
- line up
- paste
- ponytail
- pop-top
- queue
- stick
- stick together
- superglue
- swish
- tail
- ticket
- tie on
- train
- whisk
- brush
- caboose
- day
- diet
- guard
- hitch
- pony
- wear
* * *cola nf1. [de mamífero, pez] tail2. [de ave] tail3. [de avión, cometa] tail;Bol, RPtener cola de paja to be feeling guilty4. [de vestido de novia] train5. [parte final] [de clase, lista] bottom;[de desfile] end;el país está a la cola del mundo civilizado en cuanto a inversiones educativas the country has the worst record in the civilized world as regards investment in education;ir a la cola del pelotón to be one of the backmarkers6. [fila] Br queue, US line;llegué el último y me tuve que poner a la cola I was the last to arrive, so I had to join the end of the Br queue o US line;¡a la cola! go to the back of the Br queue o US line!Informát cola de impresión print queue7. [pegamento] glue;Famno pegar ni con cola: esa chaqueta y esos pantalones no pegan ni con cola that jacket and those trousers clash horribly;esos pantalones no pegan ni con cola en una fiesta tan formal those trousers are totally inappropriate for such a formal docola de pescado fish gluesus declaraciones tendrán o [m5] traerán cola his statement won't be the end of it o won't be the last we hear of it;RPcomer cola to suffer a setback10. [árbol]cola tree11. [sustancia excitante] cola;una bebida de cola a cola drinkpedir cola to hitchhike* * *1 f ( pegamento) glue2 ftraer cola have repercussions;estar a la cola be in last place2 de gente line, Brqueue;hacer cola stand in line, Br queue (up)3 L.Am. famde persona butt fam, Brbum fam3 f BOT cola, kola;nuez de cola cola nut, kola nut* * *cola nf1) rabo: tailcola de caballo: ponytail2) fila: line (of people)hacer cola: to wait in line3) : cola, drink4) : train (of a dress)5) : tails pl (of a tuxedo)6) pegamento: glue* * *cola n1. (de animal) tail2. (fila) queue3. (pegamento) glue4. (de tren) rear5. (de vestido) train -
15 paro
m.1 unemployment (desempleo). (peninsular Spanish)estar en (el) paro to be unemployedquedarse en paro to be left unemployedparo cíclico/encubierto/estructural cyclical/hidden/structural unemployment2 shutdown (cesación) (acción).paro biológico = temporary halt to fishing at sea to preserve fish stocksparo cardiaco cardiac arrestparo laboral industrial action3 strike (huelga). (especially Latin American Spanish)4 suspension, stop.5 forced unemployment, lockout, suspension of work, work stoppage.6 cardiac arrest.7 titmouse, straight-beaked bird.pres.indicat.1 1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: parir.2 1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: parir.* * *1 stop2 (desempleo) unemployment; (subsidio) unemployment benefit, US unemployment compensation3 (interrupción) stoppage, strike\cobrar el paro to be on unemployment benefit, be on the doleestar en el paro to be unemployedparo cardiaco cardiac arrestparo indefinido indefinite strike* * *noun m.1) stoppage2) unemployment* * *ISM (Orn) titIISM1) (=desempleo) unemploymentlo han enviado al paro — they have put him out of a job, they have made him unemployed
2) (=subsidio) unemployment benefit, unemployment insurance (EEUU)cobrar el paro — to be on the dole *, receive unemployment benefit frm
3) (=interrupción) stoppageparo biológico — (Pesca) temporary fishing ban
paro del sistema — (Inform) system shutdown
4) (=huelga) strike5) And, Caribe (Dados) throw6)* * *1) (esp AmL) ( huelga) strikeestán en or de paro — (AmL) they're on strike
2) (Esp)a) ( desempleo) unemploymentb) ( subsidio) unemployment benefit3) (de máquina, proceso) stoppage4) (Col)en paro — ( totalmente) completely, totally
* * *= stoppage, halt, unemployment, joblessness.Ex. The induction course will give all the necessary employment details relating to such matters as the amount of leave entitlement, insurance stoppages, what to do in case of sickness, etc..Ex. The success of the investment campaign has led some to call for a total embargo, which would include an academic boycott and a halt to the sale of books.Ex. But the good times ran out and the world recession of the 1970s brought rising inflation, unemployment and increasing pressure for better social services.Ex. The growth of poverty and joblessness, new immigrant populations, and the ubiquitous need for technical literacy continue to increase the significance of the public library's role in lifelong learning = En los Estados Unidos, el aumento de la pobreza y el desempleo, la nueva población de inmigrantes y la necesidad de poseer conocimientos básicos en tecnología continúa aumentando la importancia del papel de la biblioteca pública en el aprendizaje permanente.----* paro cardiaco = cardiac arrest.* * *1) (esp AmL) ( huelga) strikeestán en or de paro — (AmL) they're on strike
2) (Esp)a) ( desempleo) unemploymentb) ( subsidio) unemployment benefit3) (de máquina, proceso) stoppage4) (Col)en paro — ( totalmente) completely, totally
* * *= stoppage, halt, unemployment, joblessness.Ex: The induction course will give all the necessary employment details relating to such matters as the amount of leave entitlement, insurance stoppages, what to do in case of sickness, etc..
Ex: The success of the investment campaign has led some to call for a total embargo, which would include an academic boycott and a halt to the sale of books.Ex: But the good times ran out and the world recession of the 1970s brought rising inflation, unemployment and increasing pressure for better social services.Ex: The growth of poverty and joblessness, new immigrant populations, and the ubiquitous need for technical literacy continue to increase the significance of the public library's role in lifelong learning = En los Estados Unidos, el aumento de la pobreza y el desempleo, la nueva población de inmigrantes y la necesidad de poseer conocimientos básicos en tecnología continúa aumentando la importancia del papel de la biblioteca pública en el aprendizaje permanente.* paro cardiaco = cardiac arrest.* * *paro (↑ paro a1)hacer un paro de 24 horas to go on o stage a 24-hour strikeestán en or de paro ( AmL); they're on strikeCompuestos:( Col) community protest( esp AmL); sit-down strike( esp AmL) general strike( AmL) lockoutB ( Esp)1 (desempleo) unemploymentestá en paro he's unemployed2 (subsidio) unemployment benefit, unemployment compensation ( AmE)Compuestos:( Esp): están en paro forzoso they have been laid off( Esp) official unemployment figures (pl)( Esp); (huelga) occupation ( by workers on strike); (desempleo) layoff; (en la producción) stoppage (due to lack of parts, etc)C (de una máquina, un proceso) stoppageCompuesto:paro cardíaco or cardiacoheart failure, cardiac arrestD ( Zool) titCompuesto:coal titEThe name in Spain for both unemployment and unemployment benefit. The period for which paro can be claimed ranges from three months to a year, depending on how long a person has been working. The amount paid decreases over the period of unemployment.* * *
Del verbo parar: ( conjugate parar)
paro es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
paró es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Del verbo parir: ( conjugate parir)
paro es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
Multiple Entries:
parar
parir
paro
parar ( conjugate parar) verbo intransitivo
1 ( detenerse) to stop;
ir/venir a paro to end up;
fue a paro a la cárcel he ended up in prison;
¿a dónde habrá ido a paro aquella foto? what can have happened to that photo?;
¡a dónde iremos a paro! I don't know what the world's coming to
2 ( cesar) to stop;
ha estado lloviendo sin paro it hasn't stopped raining;
no para quieto ni un momento he can't keep still for a minute;
no para en casa she's never at home;
paro DE + INF to stop -ing;
paró de llover it stopped raining
3 (AmL) [obreros/empleados] to go on strike
verbo transitivo
1
‹motor/máquina› to stop, switch off
‹ golpe› to block, ward off
2 (AmL)
pararse verbo pronominal
1 ( detenerse)
[coche/motor] to stall;
2
se paró en una silla she stood on a chair;
¿te puedes paro de cabeza/de manos? can you do headstands/handstands?
( en los lados) to stick out
parir ( conjugate parir) verbo intransitivo [ mujer] to give birth;
[ vaca] to calve;
[yegua/burra] to foal;
[ oveja] to lamb
verbo transitivo
paro sustantivo masculino
1 (esp AmL) ( huelga) strike;
están en or de paro (AmL) they're on strike;
paro cívico (Col) community protest;
paro general (esp AmL) general strike
2 (Esp)
3 paro cardíaco or cardiaco cardiac arrest
parar
I verbo intransitivo
1 to stop: para de saltar, stop jumping
para un momento en la farmacia, stop a minute at the chemist's
no pares de hablar, por favor, keep talking, please
2 (alojarse) to stay
3 (finalizar, terminar) el cuadro fue a parar al rastro, the painting ended up in the flea market
II verbo transitivo
1 to stop
2 Dep to save
3 LAm to stand up
♦ Locuciones: dónde va a parar, by far: mi hija es muchísmo más inteligente que la suya, dónde va a parar, my daughter is far more intelligent than theirs
parir verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to give birth (to)
♦ Locuciones: poner a alguien a parir, to run sb down
paro sustantivo masculino
1 (desempleo) unemployment: ahora está en el paro, he's unemployed now
estoy cobrando el paro, I'm on the dole
2 (huelga) strike, stoppage
3 paro cardíaco, heart failure
' paro' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
balón
- cardiaca
- cardíaca
- cardiaco
- cardíaco
- fregotear
- seca
- seco
- simbólica
- simbólico
- apuntar
- forzoso
- interponerse
- parar
English:
blow
- deal with
- dole
- drain
- draw up
- entitlement
- flag down
- grind
- idleness
- mass
- off
- on
- pull over
- seasonal
- sign on
- tit
- unemployed
- unemployment
- work-to-rule
- cardiac
- general
- jobless
- lock
- prick
- short
- sign
- still
- stoppage
- strike
* * *paro1 nmestar en (el) paro to be unemployed;lleva cinco meses en el paro she's been unemployed for five months;quedarse en paro to be left unemployedparo cíclico cyclical unemployment;paro encubierto hidden unemployment;paro estructural structural unemployment;paro registrado registered unemployment, official unemploymentapuntarse al paro to sign on;cobrar el paro to claim o receive unemployment benefitAm Amhacer paro to strike;los trabajadores en paro the strikersAm paro de brazos caídos sit-down (strike); Am paro cívico community protest;paro general general strike;Am paro indefinido indefinite strike;4. [cesación] [acción] shutdown;[estado] stoppage;los trabajadores realizaron un paro de diez minutos para condenar el último atentado the workers staged a ten-minute stoppage in protest at the latest attackparo biológico = temporary halt to fishing at sea to preserve fish stocks;paro cardiaco cardiac arrestcon el paro de que tiene mucho trabajo nunca sale she never goes out, saying she's too busyhazme el paro, dile que la llamaré luego be a dear, tell her I'll call her laterhacer un paro de manos to do a handstandparo2 nm[ave] titmouse* * *m1 unemployment;estar en paro be unemployed;cobrar el paro collect unemployment benefits2 ZO tit(mouse)* * *paro nm1) huelga: strike2) : stoppage, stopping3)paro forzoso : layoff* * *paro n unemployment -
16 cambiar
v.1 to change (alterarse) (modificar).cambiar de to changecambiar de casa to move (house)cambiar de trabajo to move o change jobsMaría cambió la enagua y se ve bien Mary changed the skirt and it looks nice.El dolor cambió a Pedro Grief changed Peter.María cambió los tragos Mary changed the drinks.2 to change gear (automobiles) (de marchas).3 to exchange, to barter, to switch, to change.María cambió la enagua y se ve bien Mary changed the skirt and it looks nice.El dolor cambió a Pedro Grief changed Peter.María cambió los tragos Mary changed the drinks.Ella cambió lugares con la mesera She exchanged places with the waitress.Todo cambia Everything changes.4 to get change.Ricardo cambió para el teléfono Richard got change for the phone.5 to change on.Me cambió toda la perspectiva The whole perspective changed on me.* * *(unstressed i)Present IndicativePresent SubjunctiveImperative* * *verb1) to change2) exchange, swap3) move* * *1. VT1) (=modificar) to change2) (=intercambiar) to exchange, swap *te cambio el rotulador verde por el rojo — I'll exchange my green pen for that red one, I'll swap you the green pen for the red one *
¿me cambias el sitio? — can we change places?, can we swap places? *
3) (=reemplazar) to change¿les has cambiado el agua a los peces? — have you changed the water in the fish tank?
¿me lo puede cambiar por otra talla? — could I change o exchange this for another size?
4) (=trasladar) to move5) (Econ, Com) to changetengo que cambiar 800 euros en o LAm a libras — I have to change 800 euros into pounds
¿tienes para cambiarme 50 euros? — have you got change for a 50-euro note?
2. VI1) (=volverse diferente) [persona, situación] to change; [voz] to breaksi es así, la cosa cambia — if it's true, that changes things, well that's a different story then
2)•
cambiar de — [+ actitud, canal, dirección] to change; [+ casa] to movecuando no le interesa algo, cambia de tema — whenever he isn't interested in something, he changes the subject
camisa 1), tercio 2)•
cambiar para mejor/peor — to change for the better/worse3) (Transportes) to change4) (Radio)¡cambio! — over!
¡cambio y corto!, ¡cambio y fuera! — over and out!
3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (alterar, modificar) <horario/imagen/persona> to changeb) (de lugar, posición)cambiar algo/a alguien DE algo: cambiar los muebles de lugar to move the furniture around; nos van a cambiar de oficina they're going to move us to another office; cambié las flores de florero — I put the flowers in a different vase
c) ( reemplazar) <pieza/fecha/sábanas> to changed) <niño/bebé> to changesi no le queda bien lo puede cambiar — if it doesn't fit, you can exchange o change it
cambiar algo por algo — <sellos/estampas> to swap o (esp AmE) trade something for something; < compra> to exchange o change something for something
te cambio este libro por tu pluma — I'll swap you o trade this book for your pen
cambiarle algo a alguien: ¿quieres que te cambie el lugar? — do you want me to swap o change places with you?
3) (Fin) to change¿me puedes cambiar este billete? — can you change this bill (AmE) o (BrE) note for me?
cambiar algo a or (Esp) en algo — to change something into something
2.cambié 100 libras a or (Esp) en dólares — I changed 100 pounds into dollars
cambiar vi1)a) ciudad/persona ( alterarse) to changecambiar para peor/mejor — to change for the worse/better
está/lo noto muy cambiado — he's changed/he seems to have changed a lot
así la cosa cambia — oh well, that's different
b) (Auto) to change gearc) ( hacer transbordo) to changed) ( en transmisiones)cambio y corto or fuera — over and out
2) cambiar de to change3.cambiar de idea or opinión — to change one's mind
cambiarse v prona) (refl) ( de ropa) to change, to get changedb) (refl) <camisa/nombre/peinado> to change¿te cambiaste los calcetines? — did you change your socks?
c)d) (recípr) <sellos/estampas> to swap, to trade (esp AmE)e) cambiarse de to changef) (CS) ( mudarse de casa) to move* * *= alter, change, reshape [re-shape], reverse, revolutionise [revolutionize, -USA], shift, turn into, undergo + transformation, amend, redraw [re-draw], swing, morph, reengineer [re-engineer], metamorphose, refashion, move along, reschedule, convert, take + a turn, turn + Nombre + (a)round, shunt between, switch.Ex. Even the same collection some years on will have altered, and the device, in order to remain effective, must evolve in keeping with the development of the collection.Ex. I do not think I am alone in believing there is a need for significant change, for reshaping our educational programs as well as our institutional goals and philosophies.Ex. Entry of the number '11' reverses the present blacklisting status.Ex. It was pointed out that the practices of the profession were not being totally revolutionized overnight.Ex. In general, then, a post-co-ordinate index is simpler to produce than a pre-co-ordinate index, because it shifts the responsibility for co-ordination of index terms to the searcher.Ex. But the incompleteness of information can be turned into an asset by challenging students to specify what additional information they would like and how they would attempt to get it.Ex. This is because names of women authors frequently undergo transformations as a result of marriage and divorce; political jurisdictions also are annexed or gain independence and sometimes a new name; etc.Ex. This article shows how to amend and cancel orders and how to arrange delivery by telefacsimile.Ex. the Internet has fundamentally redrawn the way in which people can organize themselves.Ex. The article has the title 'The pendulum swings to the right: censorship in the eighties'.Ex. The librarians have the capabilities to morph sucessfully to keep in sync, so to speak, with the new technologies.Ex. Libraries in general, and the corporate library in particular, must reengineer to take their rightful place in the new age.Ex. Each of these three standards metamorphosed and had an impact far beyond the anticipation of all but the most far-sighted.Ex. The basic thesis of the book under review is that throughout his career Rembrandt restlessly fashioned and refashioned his self.Ex. As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.Ex. The 2005 second edition originally slated for 4th of May 2005 has been rescheduled for 2-4 August 2005.Ex. All listings for the final thesaurus must be converted to the format appropriate for typing, printing or input to a computer data base.Ex. All went well, and with the addition of two new people, computer science took a turn.Ex. When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.Ex. Till then, he will continue living out of a suitcase and shunt between the two continents.Ex. Role reversal seeks to answer some of these questions by having ordinary men and women switch genders for a month.----* actitud + cambiar = attitude + go.* ansias de cambiar de sitio = itchy feet.* cambiando = a-changing.* cambiando de asunto = on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* cambiando de tema = on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* cambiar a = switch over, switch to, transmute into, move to, change over to.* cambiar a la situación anterior = reverse.* cambiar Algo en Otra Cosa = turn + Nombre + into.* cambiar Algo para bien = turn + Nombre + into a good thing.* cambiar con el paso del tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar con el tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar con el transcurso del tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar de... a... = switch from... to....* cambiar de actitud = change + attitude.* cambiar de aire = move on to + pastures new.* cambiar de aires = change + scenery.* cambiar de ambiente = change + scenery.* cambiar de cantinela = change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de cara = arrange + countenance.* cambiar de dueño = change + hands.* cambiar de entorno = change + scenery.* cambiar de estrategia = change + tack.* cambiar de fondos = turn over.* cambiar de forma = shape-shift.* cambiar de forma de vivir = turn + Posesivo + life around.* cambiar de formato = reformat [re-format].* cambiar de lugar = relocate, resite [re-site].* cambiar de manos = change + hands.* cambiar de marcha = gear.* cambiar de nuevo al estado anterior = change back.* cambiar de opinión = change + Posesivo + mind, change + feet, change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de opinión a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de orientación = reposition [re-position].* cambiar de parecer = change + Posesivo + mind, change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de parecer a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de política a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de posición = transpose, reposition [re-position].* cambiar de postura = reconsider + position.* cambiar de propietario = change + hands.* cambiar de proveedor = churn.* cambiar de residencia = relocate.* cambiar de rumbo = branch off + on a side trail, change + tack.* cambiar de servicio = churn.* cambiar de sitio = shuffle.* cambiar de táctica = change + tack.* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.* cambiar de velocidad = gear.* cambiar dirección = change + direction.* cambiar el decorado = change + the scenery.* cambiar el énfasis = shift + focus, shift + emphasis.* cambiar el paisaje = change + the scenery.* cambiar el precio = reprice.* cambiar el ritmo = change + the pace.* cambiar el techo de un edificio = re-roof.* cambiar el título = retitle.* cambiar el tono = modulate.* cambiar la instalación eléctrica = rewire.* cambiar las cosas desde dentro = change + things from the inside.* cambiar las espadas por arados = turn + swords into ploughshares.* cambiar la situación = change + the course of events.* cambiar las prioridades de... a... = shift + emphasis from... to....* cambiar las tornas = turn + the tables (on).* cambiar la vida = change + life.* cambiarle el agua al canario = pee, take + a leak, have + a leak.* cambiar lo acontencido = change + the course of events.* cambiar marchas = shift + gears.* cambiar para bien = change for + the better.* cambiar para mejor = change for + the better.* cambiar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life around.* cambiar radicalmente de postura = do + an about-face.* cambiar rápidamente = jump.* cambiarse de casa = move + house.* cambiarse de ropa = change.* cambiarse rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.* cambiar tanto que resulta irreconocible = change + beyond (all) recognition.* cambiar velocidades = gear.* cosas + cambiar inesperadamente = things + take a turn for the unexpected.* dejar sin cambiar = leave + unchanged.* habitación para cambiar bebés = baby changing room.* hacer cambiar = swing + Persona.* hacer cambiar las cosas = turn + the tide on.* las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.* la suerte + cambiar = the tide + turn.* no cambiar = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work, stand + pat.* que cambia con el tiempo = ever-changing [ever changing], time-variant, ever-shifting.* que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.* que se puede cambiar de tamaño = resizeable [re-sizeable].* sala para cambiar bebés = baby changing room.* situación + cambiar = tide + turn.* vida + cambiar por completo = turn + Posesivo + life around.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (alterar, modificar) <horario/imagen/persona> to changeb) (de lugar, posición)cambiar algo/a alguien DE algo: cambiar los muebles de lugar to move the furniture around; nos van a cambiar de oficina they're going to move us to another office; cambié las flores de florero — I put the flowers in a different vase
c) ( reemplazar) <pieza/fecha/sábanas> to changed) <niño/bebé> to changesi no le queda bien lo puede cambiar — if it doesn't fit, you can exchange o change it
cambiar algo por algo — <sellos/estampas> to swap o (esp AmE) trade something for something; < compra> to exchange o change something for something
te cambio este libro por tu pluma — I'll swap you o trade this book for your pen
cambiarle algo a alguien: ¿quieres que te cambie el lugar? — do you want me to swap o change places with you?
3) (Fin) to change¿me puedes cambiar este billete? — can you change this bill (AmE) o (BrE) note for me?
cambiar algo a or (Esp) en algo — to change something into something
2.cambié 100 libras a or (Esp) en dólares — I changed 100 pounds into dollars
cambiar vi1)a) ciudad/persona ( alterarse) to changecambiar para peor/mejor — to change for the worse/better
está/lo noto muy cambiado — he's changed/he seems to have changed a lot
así la cosa cambia — oh well, that's different
b) (Auto) to change gearc) ( hacer transbordo) to changed) ( en transmisiones)cambio y corto or fuera — over and out
2) cambiar de to change3.cambiar de idea or opinión — to change one's mind
cambiarse v prona) (refl) ( de ropa) to change, to get changedb) (refl) <camisa/nombre/peinado> to change¿te cambiaste los calcetines? — did you change your socks?
c)d) (recípr) <sellos/estampas> to swap, to trade (esp AmE)e) cambiarse de to changef) (CS) ( mudarse de casa) to move* * *= alter, change, reshape [re-shape], reverse, revolutionise [revolutionize, -USA], shift, turn into, undergo + transformation, amend, redraw [re-draw], swing, morph, reengineer [re-engineer], metamorphose, refashion, move along, reschedule, convert, take + a turn, turn + Nombre + (a)round, shunt between, switch.Ex: Even the same collection some years on will have altered, and the device, in order to remain effective, must evolve in keeping with the development of the collection.
Ex: I do not think I am alone in believing there is a need for significant change, for reshaping our educational programs as well as our institutional goals and philosophies.Ex: Entry of the number '11' reverses the present blacklisting status.Ex: It was pointed out that the practices of the profession were not being totally revolutionized overnight.Ex: In general, then, a post-co-ordinate index is simpler to produce than a pre-co-ordinate index, because it shifts the responsibility for co-ordination of index terms to the searcher.Ex: But the incompleteness of information can be turned into an asset by challenging students to specify what additional information they would like and how they would attempt to get it.Ex: This is because names of women authors frequently undergo transformations as a result of marriage and divorce; political jurisdictions also are annexed or gain independence and sometimes a new name; etc.Ex: This article shows how to amend and cancel orders and how to arrange delivery by telefacsimile.Ex: the Internet has fundamentally redrawn the way in which people can organize themselves.Ex: The article has the title 'The pendulum swings to the right: censorship in the eighties'.Ex: The librarians have the capabilities to morph sucessfully to keep in sync, so to speak, with the new technologies.Ex: Libraries in general, and the corporate library in particular, must reengineer to take their rightful place in the new age.Ex: Each of these three standards metamorphosed and had an impact far beyond the anticipation of all but the most far-sighted.Ex: The basic thesis of the book under review is that throughout his career Rembrandt restlessly fashioned and refashioned his self.Ex: As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.Ex: The 2005 second edition originally slated for 4th of May 2005 has been rescheduled for 2-4 August 2005.Ex: All listings for the final thesaurus must be converted to the format appropriate for typing, printing or input to a computer data base.Ex: All went well, and with the addition of two new people, computer science took a turn.Ex: When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.Ex: Till then, he will continue living out of a suitcase and shunt between the two continents.Ex: Role reversal seeks to answer some of these questions by having ordinary men and women switch genders for a month.* actitud + cambiar = attitude + go.* ansias de cambiar de sitio = itchy feet.* cambiando = a-changing.* cambiando de asunto = on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* cambiando de tema = on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* cambiar a = switch over, switch to, transmute into, move to, change over to.* cambiar a la situación anterior = reverse.* cambiar Algo en Otra Cosa = turn + Nombre + into.* cambiar Algo para bien = turn + Nombre + into a good thing.* cambiar con el paso del tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar con el tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar con el transcurso del tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar de... a... = switch from... to....* cambiar de actitud = change + attitude.* cambiar de aire = move on to + pastures new.* cambiar de aires = change + scenery.* cambiar de ambiente = change + scenery.* cambiar de cantinela = change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de cara = arrange + countenance.* cambiar de dueño = change + hands.* cambiar de entorno = change + scenery.* cambiar de estrategia = change + tack.* cambiar de fondos = turn over.* cambiar de forma = shape-shift.* cambiar de forma de vivir = turn + Posesivo + life around.* cambiar de formato = reformat [re-format].* cambiar de lugar = relocate, resite [re-site].* cambiar de manos = change + hands.* cambiar de marcha = gear.* cambiar de nuevo al estado anterior = change back.* cambiar de opinión = change + Posesivo + mind, change + feet, change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de opinión a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de orientación = reposition [re-position].* cambiar de parecer = change + Posesivo + mind, change + Posesivo + tune.* cambiar de parecer a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de política a mitad de camino = change + horses in midstream.* cambiar de posición = transpose, reposition [re-position].* cambiar de postura = reconsider + position.* cambiar de propietario = change + hands.* cambiar de proveedor = churn.* cambiar de residencia = relocate.* cambiar de rumbo = branch off + on a side trail, change + tack.* cambiar de servicio = churn.* cambiar de sitio = shuffle.* cambiar de táctica = change + tack.* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.* cambiar de velocidad = gear.* cambiar dirección = change + direction.* cambiar el decorado = change + the scenery.* cambiar el énfasis = shift + focus, shift + emphasis.* cambiar el paisaje = change + the scenery.* cambiar el precio = reprice.* cambiar el ritmo = change + the pace.* cambiar el techo de un edificio = re-roof.* cambiar el título = retitle.* cambiar el tono = modulate.* cambiar la instalación eléctrica = rewire.* cambiar las cosas desde dentro = change + things from the inside.* cambiar las espadas por arados = turn + swords into ploughshares.* cambiar la situación = change + the course of events.* cambiar las prioridades de... a... = shift + emphasis from... to....* cambiar las tornas = turn + the tables (on).* cambiar la vida = change + life.* cambiarle el agua al canario = pee, take + a leak, have + a leak.* cambiar lo acontencido = change + the course of events.* cambiar marchas = shift + gears.* cambiar para bien = change for + the better.* cambiar para mejor = change for + the better.* cambiar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life around.* cambiar radicalmente de postura = do + an about-face.* cambiar rápidamente = jump.* cambiarse de casa = move + house.* cambiarse de ropa = change.* cambiarse rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.* cambiar tanto que resulta irreconocible = change + beyond (all) recognition.* cambiar velocidades = gear.* cosas + cambiar inesperadamente = things + take a turn for the unexpected.* dejar sin cambiar = leave + unchanged.* habitación para cambiar bebés = baby changing room.* hacer cambiar = swing + Persona.* hacer cambiar las cosas = turn + the tide on.* las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.* la suerte + cambiar = the tide + turn.* no cambiar = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work, stand + pat.* que cambia con el tiempo = ever-changing [ever changing], time-variant, ever-shifting.* que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.* que se puede cambiar de tamaño = resizeable [re-sizeable].* sala para cambiar bebés = baby changing room.* situación + cambiar = tide + turn.* vida + cambiar por completo = turn + Posesivo + life around.* * *cambiar [A1 ]vtA1 (alterar, modificar) ‹horario/imagen› to changeeso no cambia nada that doesn't change anythingesa experiencia lo cambió mucho that experience changed him greatly2 (de lugar, posición) cambiar algo/a algn DE algo:cambiar los muebles de lugar to move the furniture aroundvoy a cambiar el sofá de lugar I'm going to put the sofa somewhere else o move the sofanos van a cambiar de oficina they're going to move us to another officeme cambiaron de clase they put me in another class, they changed me to o moved me into another classcambié las flores de florero I put the flowers in a different vase3 (reemplazar) ‹pieza/rueda/bombilla/sábanas› to changehan cambiado la fecha del examen they've changed the date of the examcambiarle algo A algo:le cambió la pila al reloj she changed the battery in the clockle han cambiado el nombre a la tienda they've changed the name of the shop4 ‹niño/bebé› to changesi no le queda bien lo puede cambiar if it doesn't fit, you can change itcambiar algo POR algo ‹sellos/estampos› to swap or ( esp AmE) trade sth FOR sth ‹compra› to exchange or change sth FOR sth:quiero cambiar esta blusa por otra or una más grande I'd like to change o exchange this blouse for a larger sizete cambio este libro por tus lápices de colores I'll trade this book for your crayons, I'll swap you this book for your crayonscambiarle algo A algn:¿quieres que te cambie el sitio? do you want to trade o swap o change o ( frml) exchange places?, do you want me to swap o change o ( frml) exchange places with you?C ( Fin) to change¿dónde puedo cambiar dinero? where can I change money?cambiar algo A or ( Esp) EN algo to change sth INTO sthquiero cambiar estas libras a or en dólares I'd like to change these pounds into dollars■ cambiarviA1 «ciudad/persona» (variar, alterarse) to changeha cambiado para peor/mejor he's changed for the worse/betterestá/lo noto muy cambiado he's changed/he seems to have changed a lotya verás como la vida te hace cambiar you'll change as you get olderasí la cosa cambia oh well, that's different o that changes thingsle está cambiando la voz his voice is breaking2 ( Auto) to change gear3 (hacer transbordo) to change4(en transmisiones): cambio overcambio y corto or fuera over and outB cambiar de to changecambiar de color to change colorla tienda ha cambiado de dueño the shop has changed handshe cambiado de idea or opinión or parecer I've changed my mindel avión cambió de rumbo the plane changed coursecambiar de marcha to change gearno cambies de tema don't change the subjectcambió de canal he changed channel(s)2 ( refl) ‹camisa/nombre/peinado› to change¿te has cambiado los calcetines? have you changed your socks?3 cambiarse POR algn to change places WITH sbno me cambiaría por ella I wouldn't change places with her, I wouldn't trade ( AmE) o ( BrE) swap places with her ( colloq)nos hemos cambiado los relojes we've traded o swapped watches5 cambiarse de to changeme cambié de sitio I changed placescambiarse de casa to move housecámbiate de camisa change your shirt6 (CS) (mudarse de casa) to move* * *
cambiar ( conjugate cambiar) verbo transitivo
1
b) (de lugar, posición):
cambié las flores de florero I put the flowers in a different vase
cambiarle el nombre a algo to change the name of sth
e) (Fin) to change;
cambié 100 libras a or (Esp) en dólares I changed 100 pounds into dollars
2 ( canjear) ‹sellos/estampas› to swap, to trade (esp AmE);
cambiar algo por algo ‹sellos/estampas› to swap o (esp AmE) trade sth for sth;
‹ compra› to exchange o change sth for sth;◊ ¿quieres que te cambie el lugar? do you want me to swap o change places with you?
verbo intransitivo
le está cambiando la voz his voice is breakingb) (Auto) to change gear
◊ cambiar de avión/tren to change planes/train
cambiar de sentido to make (AmE) o (BrE) do a U-turn
cambiarse verbo pronominal
cambiarse de algo ‹de camisa/zapatos› to change sth;
cambiarse de casa to move house;
cámbiate de camisa change your shirtc) cambiarse por algn to change places with sb
cambiar
I verbo transitivo
1 to change
2 (cromos, etc) to swap, (en un comercio) exchange
3 (un tipo de moneda por otro) to change
II verbo intransitivo to change
cambiar de casa, to move (house)
cambiar de idea, to change one's mind
cambiar de sitio, to move
cambiar de trabajo, to get another job
cambiar de velocidad, to change gear
' cambiar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bando
- camisa
- chaqueta
- desnaturalizar
- girar
- idea
- impresión
- infranqueable
- lucha
- parecer
- torna
- tornar
- trasladar
- volverse
- arrepentirse
- color
- lado
- lugar
- marcha
- mudar
- reubicar
- tema
- transformar
- tren
- variar
- voltear
- vuelta
English:
about-face
- about-turn
- abruptly
- alter
- anyhow
- change
- change around
- change over
- dead
- debate
- doctor
- frame
- gear
- hold
- into
- lighting
- mind
- modify
- move
- move about
- move around
- move on
- prerogative
- rearrange
- replace
- reverse
- shift
- shift about
- shift around
- stationary
- steadily
- subject
- swap
- swap for
- swap round
- swing
- switch
- switch over
- tack
- think
- tune
- vary
- barter
- break
- budge
- course
- disguise
- exchange
- get
- hand
* * *♦ vt1. [alterar, modificar] to change;han cambiado la fecha de salida they've changed o altered the departure date;quiere cambiar su imagen she wants to change her image;el divorcio lo ha cambiado por completo the divorce has changed him completely, he has changed completely since the divorce;cambió su sonrisa en llanto her smile turned to tears;tus disculpas no cambian nada your apologies don't change anything2. [trasladar] to move;tenemos que cambiar las sillas de lugar we have to move the chairs;cambiaron la sede central a Buenos Aires they moved their headquarters to Buenos Aires;lo van a cambiar a otro colegio they're going to move him to another school3. [reemplazar] [rueda, sábanas] to change;tenemos que cambiar la lavadora we have to get a new washing machine;tengo que cambiar el agua del acuario I have to change the water in the fish tank, I have to put some fresh water in the fish tank;cambiar un artículo defectuoso to exchange a faulty item;si no está satisfecho, lo puede cambiar if you're not satisfied with it, you can change it;tuve que cambiarle una rueda al coche I had to change one of the wheels on the car;cambiaré este tornillo por otro más largo I'll swap this screw for a longer one;Fam¡cambia el disco o [m5]rollo, que ya aburres! you're getting boring! can't you talk about anything else?4. [intercambiar] to swap;cambiar cromos/sellos to swap picture cards/stamps;cambiar impresiones to compare notes, to exchange views;cambiar algo por algo to exchange sth for sth;cambié mi reloj por el suyo I swapped watches with him;he cambiado mi turno con un compañero I swapped shifts with a colleague;¿te importaría cambiarme el sitio? would you mind swapping o changing places with me?5. [dinero] to change;en aquel banco cambian dinero they change money at that bank;¿me podría cambiar este billete en monedas, por favor? could you give me change for this note in coins, please?;cambiar dólares en euros to change dollars into euros6. [bebé] to change♦ vi1. [alterarse] to change;ha cambiado mucho desde el accidente she has changed a lot since the accident;la situación no ha cambiado mucho there has been little change in the situation;algunas personas no cambian nunca some people never change;ya crecerá y cambiará she'll change as she gets older;cambiar a mejor/peor to change for the better/worse;en ese caso, la cosa cambia that's different, that changes everything;le ha cambiado la voz his voice has broken2.cambiar de to change;cambiar de autobús/tren to change buses/trains;Figcambiar de camisa/chaqueta to change one's shirt/jacket;cambiar de canal [de TV] to turn over, to change channels;cambiar de casa to move (house);cambiar de color to change colour;cambiar de dueño to change hands;cambiar de idea/intención to change one's mind/plans;cambiar de manos [dinero, vehículo] to change hands;cambiar de ritmo to change pace;cambiar de rumbo to change course;cambiar de sexo to have a sex change;cambiar de sitio to change place, to move;cambiar de táctica to change one's tactics;cambiar de trabajo to move o change jobscambiar a segunda to change into second gear4. Meteo to change, to shift;el viento cambió the wind changed* * *II v/i change;cambiar de lugar change places;cambiar de marcha AUTO shift gear, Br change gear;cambiar de domicilio move house;cambiar de tren change trains;cambiar de coche get a new car;parecer change one’s mind* * *cambiar vt1) alterar, modificar: to change2) : to exchange, to tradecambiar vi1) : to change2)cambiar de velocidad : to shift gears* * *cambiar vb1. (en general) to changesi no te va bien, te lo cambiaremos if it doesn't fit, we'll change it¿dónde puede cambiar las libras en euros? where can I change my pounds into euros?2. to exchange / to swap [pt. & pp. swapped]cambiar de opinión / parecer to change your mind -
17 pero
conj.but (adversativo).el reloj es viejo, pero funciona bien the watch is old but it keeps good timeQuiero ir pero no tengo dinero I want to go but I have no money.m.snag, fault.poner peros a todo to find fault with everything* * *1 but■ eramos pobres, pero felices we were poor, but happy■ era un examen difícil, pero que muy difícil, ¿sabes? it was a difficult exam, and I mean really difficult1 objection, fault\no hay pero que valga I don't want any argumentsponer peros to find fault (a, with)* * *1. noun m.fault, objection2. conj.but, yet* * *I1. CONJ1) butme gusta, pero es muy caro — I like it, but it's very expensive
yo no quería ir, pero bueno... — I didn't want to go, but still...
2) [al principio de frase]pero, ¿dónde está Pedro? — where on earth is Pedro?
pero bueno, ¿vienes o no? — now look, are you coming or not?
¡pero qué guapa estás! — you look great!
¡pero si no tiene coche! — I tell you he hasn't got a car!
3) [uso enfático]pero que muy: una chica guapa, pero que muy guapa — what you call a really pretty girl, a pretty girl and no mistake
hizo muy, pero que muy mal — he was wrong, really, really wrong
¡estoy pero que muy harto! — I'm damn well fed up! *
¡pero que muy bien! — well done!
2. SM1) (=falta, defecto) snagel plan no tiene peros — the plan hasn't any snags, there's nothing wrong with the plan
2) (=pega) objectionencontrar o poner peros a algo — to raise objections to sth, find fault with sth
II¡no hay pero que valga! — there are no buts about it!
SM And, Cono Sur pear tree* * *I1) butella fue, pero yo no — she went, but I didn't
2)a) (en expresiones de protesta, sorpresa)¿pero tú estás loca? — are you crazy?
pero bueno... ¿vienes o no? — for goodness sake, are you coming or not?
pero si es Marta! — hey, it's Marta!
b) ( uso enfático)IIno me hizo caso, pero ningún caso — she didn't take the slightest notice (colloq), she didn't take any notice, none whatsoever
a) ( defecto) defect, bad point; (dificultad, problema) drawbackponerle peros a algo/alguien — to find fault with something/somebody
b) ( excusa) objectionno admito peros — I won't stand for any `ifs' or `buts'
no hay pero que valga! — I don't want any excuses (o arguments etc)
* * *I1) butella fue, pero yo no — she went, but I didn't
2)a) (en expresiones de protesta, sorpresa)¿pero tú estás loca? — are you crazy?
pero bueno... ¿vienes o no? — for goodness sake, are you coming or not?
pero si es Marta! — hey, it's Marta!
b) ( uso enfático)IIno me hizo caso, pero ningún caso — she didn't take the slightest notice (colloq), she didn't take any notice, none whatsoever
a) ( defecto) defect, bad point; (dificultad, problema) drawbackponerle peros a algo/alguien — to find fault with something/somebody
b) ( excusa) objectionno admito peros — I won't stand for any `ifs' or `buts'
no hay pero que valga! — I don't want any excuses (o arguments etc)
* * *pero1= but.Ex: Learning takes place in one environment but is put to work in another, and the learner is left to make the transition.
* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.* lo que es peor aun = worse still.* no haber pero que valer = not take + no for an answer.* pero a la vez = but then again.* pero al mismo tiempo = but then again.* pero no hubo manera = but no dice.* pero no hubo modo = but no dice.* pero no hubo suerte = but no dice.* pero por otra parte = but then again.* pero por otro lado = but then again.* pero sin conseguirlo = but no dice.* pero sin suerte = but no dice.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.pero22 = quibble, cavil.Ex: In the article 'Caveats, qualms, and quibbles: a revisionist view of library automation', a public librarian expresses his concern about computers in libraries and the lack of healthy scepticism in libraries when considering the likely benefits of automation.
Ex: But, however frivolous his cavils, the principles for which he contends are of the most pernicious nature and tendency.* poner peros = baulk [balk, -USA], cavil (about/at), quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.* * *pero1A butme gustaría ir pero creo que no voy a poder I would like to go but I don't think I'll be able toa ella la invitaron, pero a mí no they invited her, but not me o but they didn't invite mees raro, sí, pero él siempre ha sido un poco excéntrico it's strange, I agree, but (then) he always has been a little eccentricB1(introduciendo expresiones de protesta, sorpresa): ¿pero tú estás loca? are you crazy?pero ¿es que no te das cuenta de que …? but, don't you understand that …?pero bueno … ¿me van a atender o no? for goodness sake, are you going to serve me or not?¡pero si me lo habías prometido! but you promised!¡pero si es Marta! why, if it isn't Marta!, hey, it's Marta!¿a pie? ¡pero si queda lejísimos! on foot? but it's miles!2(uso enfático): no me hizo caso, pero ningún caso she didn't take the slightest notice o a blind bit of notice ( colloq), she didn't take any notice, none whatsoeverla película está bien, pero que muy bien it's a good movie, very good indeedpero21 (defecto) defect, bad point; (dificultad, problema) drawbackponerle peros a algo/algn to find fault with sth/sb2 (reparo, excusa) objectionno admite peros, hay que hacerlo como él diga he won't stand for any `ifs' or `buts', it has to be done the way he says¡no hay pero que valga! I don't want any excuses ( o arguments etc)* * *
pero conjunción
but;◊ ella fue, pero yo no she went, but I didn't;
¡pero si queda lejísimos! but it's miles (away)!;
¿pero tú estás loca? are you crazy?
■ sustantivo masculino
(dificultad, problema) drawback;◊ ponerle peros a algo/algn to find fault with sth/sb
◊ ¡no hay pero que valga! I don't want any excuses (o arguments etc)
pero
I conj but
llovía, pero fuimos a dar un paseo, it was raining but we went for a walk
pero, ¿qué te has creído?, but what do you take me for?
II sustantivo masculino
1 (excusa) objection: ¡no hay peros que valgan!, I don't want any excuses!
2 (objeción) bad point, fault: le puso muchos peros al proyecto, he found a lot of faults with the project
' pero' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abandonar
- acero
- achantar
- aclimatarse
- actual
- adelantarse
- algo
- almorzar
- amortizar
- anticiparse
- atenerse
- baja
- bajo
- balanza
- bañera
- bastante
- bebible
- cada
- camelarse
- cara
- caso
- cerrarse
- confesar
- dato
- desdecirse
- disgustar
- echarse
- enferma
- enfermo
- engañar
- final
- fresca
- fresco
- ganarse
- gay
- golpe
- gritar
- gustar
- hacerse
- impracticable
- incondicional
- índice
- infante
- interiormente
- intromisión
- irse
- lucir
- maravilla
- matarse
- mayor
English:
ablaze
- above
- absurd
- actual
- against
- ago
- also
- armchair
- bed
- behind
- bite back
- blue
- bob
- bring back
- brushoff
- but
- buy
- carry off
- centrally
- dare
- deceptively
- difference
- do
- fear
- fish
- former
- get
- grant
- have
- hers
- his
- hoodwink
- hot
- inhale
- initially
- inside
- instead
- intrude
- last
- like
- may
- maybe
- mean
- mention
- mind
- never
- now
- only
- outguess
- pack in
* * *♦ conj1. [adversativo] but;el reloj es viejo, pero funciona bien the watch is old but it keeps good time;hablo portugués, pero muy poco I speak some Portuguese, though not very much;sí, pero no yes and no2. [enfático] [en exclamaciones, interrogaciones]¿pero qué es todo este ruido? what on earth is all this noise about?;¡pero no se quede ahí; pase, por favor! but please, don't stand out there, do come in!;¡pero cómo vas a Esp [m5] conducir o Am [m5]manejar, si no puedes tenerte en pie! how on earth are you going to drive if you can't even stand up properly!;pero, ¡tú por aquí! well I never, fancy meeting you here!;pero bueno ¿tú eres tonto? are you stupid or something?;ahora dice que no me va a pagar – ¡pero bueno! now she says she's not going to pay me – no!;¡pero si eso lo sabe todo el mundo! come on, everyone knows that!;¿salir ahora? ¡pero si ya es la medianoche! go out now? but it's already midnight!;¡pero si es un Picasso auténtico! [expresa sorpresa] well I never, it's a genuine Picasso!3. [antes de adverbios, adjetivos] [absolutamente]llevo años sin escribir nada, pero nada de nada I haven't written anything at all for years, and when I say nothing I mean nothing;estas peras están buenísimas, pero que buenísimas these pears are completely and utterly delicious;el clima allí es pero que muy frío the climate there really is very cold indeed♦ nmsnag, fault;poner peros (a algo/alguien) to raise questions (about sth/sb);poner peros a todo to find fault with everything;* * *I conj butII m flaw, defect;no hay peros que valgan no excuses;poner peros raise problems* * *pero nm1) : fault, defectponerle peros a: to find fault with2) : objectionpero conj: but* * *pero conj butquería salir, pero me quedé estudiando I wanted to go out, but I stayed at home studying -
18 Cum
1.cum (archaic form COM, found in an inscr., COM PREIVATVD; in MSS. sometimes quom or quum), prep. with abl. [for skom, Sanscr. root sak, together; cf. sequor, and Gr. koinos, sun], designates in gen. accompaniment, community, connection of one object with another (opp. sine, separatim, etc.), with, together, together with, in connection or company with, along with; sometimes also to be translated and.I.In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 95:b.qui cum Amphitruone abiit hinc in exercitum,
id. ib. prol. 125:cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano,
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4:semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine eā,
id. Mil. 21, 55:quibuscum essem libenter,
id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; cf.:cum quibus in ceteris intellegis afuisse,
id. Sull. 3, 7:si cenas hodie mecum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 70:vagamur egentes cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:errare malo cum Platone, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 39:qui unum imperium unumque magistratum cum ipsis habeant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3 et saep.—In an expression of displeasure:B.in' hinc, quo dignus, cum donis tuis Tam lepidis,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 9; cf. Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 33; Ter. And. 5, 4, 38; id. Eun. 1, 2, 73; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 7 al.—In a designation of time with which some action concurs:C.egone abs te abii hinc hodie cum diluculo?
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 121; so,cum primo luci,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 58:cras cum filio cum primo luci ibo hinc,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf.:cum primā luce,
id. Att. 4, 3, 4; and:cum primo lumine solis,
Verg. A. 7, 130: cum primo mane, Auct. B. Afr. 62: cum mane, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 372 P:pariter cum ortu solis,
Sall. J. 106, 5:pariter cum occasu solis,
id. ib. 68, 2; cf.:cum sole reliquit,
Verg. A. 3, 568 et saep.:mane cum luci simul,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 31; v. simul: exiit cum nuntio (i. e. at the same time with, etc.), Caes. B. G. 5, 46; cf.: cum his nuntius Romam ad consulendum redit ( = hama toisde), Liv. 1, 32, 10:simul cum dono designavit templo Jovis fines,
id. 1, 10, 5; cf.:et vixisse cum re publicā pariter, et cum illā simul extinctus esse videatur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 10.—In designating the relations, circumstances, way, and manner with which any act is connected, by which it is accompanied, under or in which it takes place, etc., with, in, under, in the midst of, among, to, at: aliquid cum malo suo facere, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 4; cf.:b.cum magnā calamitate et prope pernicie civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:cum summā rei publicae salute et cum tuā peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:cum magno provinciae periculo,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:cum summo probro,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 10: cum summo terrore hominum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 6:cum summā tuā dignitate,
Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:cum bonā alite,
Cat. 61, 19:ferendum hoc onus est cum labore,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:multis cum lacrimis aliquem obsecrare,
amid many tears, Caes. B. G. 1, 20; cf.:hunc ipsum abstulit magno cum gemitu civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49:orare cum lacrimis coepere,
Liv. 5, 30, 5:si minus cum curā aut cautelā locus loquendi lectus est,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 6 Ritschl; so,cum curā,
Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 70; Sall. J. 54, 1; Liv. 22, 42, 5 et saep.; cf.:cum summo studio,
Sall. C. 51, 38:cum quanto studio periculoque,
Liv. 8, 25, 12 al.:cum multā venustate et omni sale,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 9:summā cum celeritate ad exercitum rediit,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 52:maximo cum clamore involant,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 89:cum clamore,
Liv. 2, 23, 8; 5, 45, 2:cum clamore ac tumultu,
id. 9, 31, 8; cf.:Athenienses cum silentio auditi sunt,
id. 38, 10, 4; 7, 35, 1:illud cum pace agemus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83:cum bonā pace,
Liv. 1, 24, 3; 21, 24, 5:cum bonā gratiā,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:cum bonā veniā,
Liv. 29, 1, 7; cf.:cum veniā,
Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 104; Quint. 10, 1, 72:cum virtute vivere,
Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 29; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 34:cum judicio,
Quint. 10, 1, 8:cum firmā memoriā,
id. 5, 10, 54:legata cum fide ac sine calumniā persolvere,
Suet. Calig. 16:spolia in aede... cum sollemni dedicatione dono fixit,
Liv. 4, 20, 3.—Attributively, with subst.:2.et huic proelium cum Tuscis ad Janiculum erat crimini,
Liv. 2, 52, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:frumenti cum summā caritate inopia erat,
id. 2, 12, 1; 2, 5, 2; 7, 29, 3.—Cum eo quod, ut, or ne (in an amplification or limitation), with the circumstance or in the regard that, on or under the condition, with the exception, that, etc. (except once in Cic. epistt. not ante-Aug.).(α).Cum eo quod, with indic., Quint. 12, 10, 47 Spald.; 10, 7, 13; so,(β).cum eo quidem, quod, etc.,
id. 2, 4, 30. —With subj.:sit sane, quoniam ita tu vis: sed tamen cum eo, credo, quod sine peccato meo fiat,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 7.—With ut:(γ).Antium nova colonia missa cum eo, ut Antiatibus permitteretur, si et ipsi adscribi coloni vellent,
Liv. 8, 14, 8; so id. 8, 14, 2; 30, 10, 21; 36, 5, 3; Cels. 3, 22.—So with tamen:cum eo tamen, ut nullo tempore is... non sit sustinendus,
Cels. 3, 5 fin.; 4, 6 fin. —With ne:3.obsequar voluntati tuae cum eo, ne dubites, etc.,
Col. 5, 1, 4:cum eo, ne amplius quam has urant,
Cels. 7, 22; and with tamen:cum eo tamen, ne, etc.,
id. 2, 17.—Cum dis volentibus, etc., with God's help, by the will of the gods, sun theôi:4.cum divis volentibus quodque bene eveniat mando tibi, Mani, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 141, 1: volentibu' cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38:agite, cum dis bene juvantibus arma capite,
Liv. 21, 43, 7; so,cum superis,
Claud. Cons. Stil. III. p. 174.—Cum with an ordinal number (cum octavo, cum decimo, etc.) for our - fold, in economical lang., of the multiplication of cultivated products:D.ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quinto decimo,
ten-, fifteenfold, Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 1; so,cum octavo, cum decimo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:cum centesimo,
Plin. 18, 10, 21, § 95; cf. with a subst.:cum centesimā fruge agricolis faenus reddente terrā,
id. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—With a means or instrument, considered as attending or accompanying the actor in his action (so most freq. anteclass., or in the poets and scientific writers): acribus inter se cum armis confligere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 6: effundit voces proprio cum pectore, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 424: cum voce maximā conclamat, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 10:II.cum linguā lingere,
Cat. 98, 3:cum suo gurgite accepit venientem (fluvius),
Verg. A. 9, 816:cum vino et oleo ungere,
Veg. 1, 11, 8 et saep.:terra in Augurum libris scripta cum R uno,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 21 Müll.In partic.A.Completing the meaning of verbs.1.With verbs of union, connection, and agreement: cum veteribus copiis se conjungere, Caes. B. G. 1, 37:2.ut proprie cohaereat cum narratione,
Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11:(haec) arbitror mihi constare cum ceteris scriptoribus,
id. 1, 9, 16:interfectam esse... convenit mihi cum adversariis,
id. 1, 10, 17; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 31:quī autem poterat in gratiam redire cum Oppianico Cluentius?
id. Clu. 31, 86:hanc sententiam cum virtute congruere semper,
id. Off. 3, 3, 13:foedera quibus etiam cum hoste devincitur fides,
id. ib. 3, 31, 111:capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:cum aliquo in gratiam redire,
id. 3, 58, 4:stabat cum eo senatūs majestas,
id. 8, 34, 1:conjurasse cum Pausaniā,
Curt. 7, 1, 6:Autronium secum facere,
Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf. also conecto, colligo, consentio, compono, etc.—Of companionship, association, sharing, etc.:3.cum his me oblecto, qui res gestas aut orationes scripserunt suas,
Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 61:quoniam vivitur, non cum perfectis hominibus, sed cum iis, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 15, 46:nulla (societas) carior quam ea quae cum re publicā est unicuique nostrum,
id. ib. 1, 17, 51:cum civibus vivere,
id. ib. 1, 34, 124:cum M. Fabio mihi summus usus est,
id. Fam. 9, 25, 2; cf.:cum quibus publice privatimque hospitia amicitiasque junxerant,
Liv. 1, 45, 2:partiri cum Dinaeā matre jussit,
Cic. Clu. 7, 21:cum Baebio communicare,
id. ib. 16, 47; cf.of local association, nearness: cum mortuā jugulatum servum nudum positurum ait,
Liv. 1, 58, 4:duos tamen pudor cum eo tenuit,
id. 2, 10, 5.—Of intercourse, traffic, etc.:4.cum aliquo agere,
to deal with, Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:cum eo Accius injuriarum agit,
Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:si par est agere cum civibus,
Cic. Off. 2, 23, 83; 3, 22, 88; id. Scaur. 10, 20; cf. id. Fam. 5, 18, 1; Liv. 1, 19, 7; 3, 9, 13; 4, 15, 2; Val. Max. 4, 3, 8:si mihi cum Peripateticis res esset,
Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112:tecum enim mihi res est,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:uni tibi et cum singulis res est,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:pacem cum Sabinis facere,
Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109.—Esp.: agere cum aliquo, to have a lawsuit with, Gai Inst. 4, 87; 4, 114 et saep.; v. ago, II. B. 8. a., and II. B. 9.; consisto, I. B. 5.; cf. also pango, etc.—Of deliberation and discussion:5.haec ego cum ipsis philosophis disserebam,
Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 57:tempus cum conjuratis consultando absumunt,
Liv. 2, 4, 3 et saep.; v. also cogito, reputo, dubito, etc.—Of strife, difference, etc.:6.quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1:cum Cleanthe quam multis rebus Chrysippus dissidet!
Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 143:neque tam quererer cum deo quod, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 25, 81:cum quo Antiochum saepe disputantem audiebam,
id. ib. 2, 4, 11:cum stomacheretur cum Metello,
id. Or. 2, 66, 267:manu cum hoste confligere,
id. Off. 1, 23, 81:utilia cum honestis pugnare,
id. ib. 3, 7, 34: cum Catone dissentire. id. ib. 3, 22, 88:cum majoribus nostris bella gessit,
id. Scaur. 19, 45; Liv. 1, 35, 7; 7, 22, 4:cum Auruncis bellum inire,
id. 2, 16, 8; cf.:cum Volscis aequo Marte discessum est,
id. 2, 40, 14:inimicitias cum Africano gerere,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3:cum Scipione dissentire,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 12:cum utrāque (uxore) divortium fecit,
Suet. Claud. 26; cf. also certo, pugno, discrepo, differo, distraho, dissentio, etc.—Of comparison:B.nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā,
Cic. Ac. 2, 5, 14:hanc rationem dicendi cum imperatoris laude comparare,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 8:conferam Sullamne cum Junio,
id. Clu. 34, 94:(orationem) cum magnitudine utilitatis comparare,
id. Off. 2, 6, 20.—Pregn., implying the notion of being furnished, endowed, clothed with any thing, or of possessing, holding, suffering under, etc., in a lit. and trop. sense: ille vir haud magnā cum re sed plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (cf. the antith.:C.hominem sine re, sine fide,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78):a portu illuc nunc cum laternā advenit,
Plaut. Am. prol. 149:cadus cum vino,
id. Stich. 5, 1, 7; cf. id. Pers. 2, 3, 15:olla cum aquā,
Cato, R. R. 156:arcula cum ornamentis,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 91:fiscos cum pecuniā Siciliensi,
Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22:onerariae naves cum commeatu,
Liv. 30, 24, 5 et saep.:cum servili schemā,
Plaut. Am. prol. 117;so of clothing,
id. Rud. 1, 4, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54; 2, 5, 13, § 31; [p. 490] id. Rab. Post. 10, 27; Liv. 35, 34, 7; Suet. Claud. 13; Sil. 1, 94 et saep.:ut ne quis cum telo servus esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7;so of weapons,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 19; cf.:inmissi cum falcibus, etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 23, 65:vidi argenteum Cupidinem cum lampade,
holding, id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115:simulacrum Cereris cum faucibus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 49, §109: cum elephanti capite puer natus,
Liv. 27, 11, 5; cf.:cum quinque pedibus natus,
id. 30, 2, 10; 33, 1, 11; 27, 4, 14 al.: omnia cum pulchris animis Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 1; cf.Ter. ib.: Minucius cum vulnere gravi relatus in castra,
Liv. 9, 44, 14:te Romam venisse cum febri,
Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1; so id. de Or. 3, 2, 6; id. Clu. 62, 175: cum eisdem suis vitiis nobilissimus, with all his faults, i. e. in spite of, id. ib. 40, 112:ex eis qui cum imperio sint,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 3 Manut.; cf.:cum imperio aut magistratu,
Suet. Tib. 12 Bremi; v. imperium.—With idem (never of the identity of two subjects, but freq. of the relation of two subjects to the same object, etc.;D.v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 538): tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:quandoque tu... omnibus in eisdem flagitiis mecum versatus es,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187:Numidae... in eādem mecum Africā geniti,
Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 2; Val. Max. 6, 5, 3.—In the adverb. phrase, cum primis, with the foremost, i.e. especially, particularly (rare), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68; id. Brut. 62, 224.—Post-class. also as one word: cumprīmis, Gell. 1, 12, 7 al.► a.Cum in anastrophe. So always with the pers. pron.: mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 45, 154; Prisc. pp. 949 and 988 P.; and in gen. with the rel. pron.:b.quocum (quīcum), quacum, quibuscum, quīcum (for quocum),
Cic. Or. 45, 154; Liv. 38, 9, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, §§ 76 and 77; Caes. B. G. 1, 8; Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Att. 4, 9, 2; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Quint. 8, 6, 65; 10, 5, 7; 11, 2, 38. But where cum is emphatic, or a demonstrative pron. is understood, cum is placed before the rel.; cf.:his de rebus velim cum Pompeio, cum Camillo, cum quibus vobis videbitur, consideretis,
Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3:adhibuit sibi quindecim principes cum quibus causas cognovit,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82; Liv. 1, 45, 2.—Before et... et, connecting two substt.:III.cum et diurno et nocturno metu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66.In compounds the primitive form com was alone in use, and was unchanged before b, p, m: comburo, compono, committo, and a few words beginning with vowels: comes, comitium, and comitor; m was assimilated before r: corripio; often before l: colligo or conligo; rarely before n, as connumero, but usually dropped: conecto, conitor, conubium; with the change of m into n before all the remaining consonants: concutio, condono, confero, congero, conqueror, consumo, contero, convinco; so, conjicio, etc., but more usually conicio; and with the rejection of m before vowels and before h: coarguo, coëo, coinquino, coopto, cohibeo.—B.It designates,1.A being or bringing together of several objects: coëo, colloquor, convivor, etc.: colligo, compono, condo, etc.—2.The completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signif. of the simple word, as in commaculo, commendo, concito, etc., comminuo, concerpo, concido, convello, etc.2.Cum (ante-class. quom; freq. in MSS. of Cicero; the post-class. form quum is incorrectly given in many MSS. and edd.), conj. [pronom. stem ka- or kva- with acc. case ending].I.Of time, when, as, while, sometimes = after, since.A.In adverbial clauses dependent on non-preterite predicates.1.The time designated by cum being indefinite, when, if, whenever, always with indic., except in the instances A. 2.a.Cum with pres. indic., often equivalent to si.(α).With principal predicate in pres.:(β).nam omnes id faciunt quom se amari intellegunt,
Plaut. Truc. prol. 17:facile, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 9; Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 44; id. Poen. 4, 2, 20; id. Truc. 1, 1, 46; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 11:cum semen maturum habet, tum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; 41: quid? tum cum es iratus, permittis illi iracundiae dominationem animi tui? Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59:cum permagna praemia sunt, est causa peccandi,
id. Off. 3, 20, 79; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87:quidam vivere tunc incipiunt cum desinendum est,
Sen. Ep. 23, 11.—With principal predicate in fut. (rare):(γ).ad cujus igitur fidem confugiet cum per ejus fidem laeditur cui se commiserit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; id. Leg. 3, 10, 24; id. Fl. 17, 40; Verg. A. 12, 208.—With principal predicate in logical perf. (mostly poet.):b.haud invito ad auris sermo mi accessit tuos, Quom te postputasse omnis res prae parente intellego,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 33:qui cum levati morbo videntur, in eum de integro inciderunt,
Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 2:(dolor) Cum furit... Profuit incensos aestus avertere ( = prodest),
Verg. G. 3, 457:nemo non, cum alteri prodest, sibi profuit,
Sen. Ep. 81, 19; Cic. Att. 4, 18, 1; Liv. 8, 8, 11; Verg. A. 9, 435; id. G. 1, 288.—With logical perf. indic.(α).With principal predicate in pres. (very freq.), the perf. translated either by English pres. perf. or by pres.: omnia sunt incerta cum a jure discessum est, when we ( once) disregard the law, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 1:(β).gubernatores cum exultantes loligines viderunt... tempestatem significari putant,
id. Div. 2, 70, 145:cum depulsi sunt agni a matribus, diligentia adhibenda est ne, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17:cum ejus generis copia defecit, ad innocentium supplicia descendunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5:(hostis) cum intravit... modum a captivis non accipit,
Sen. Ira, 1, 8, 2:quia enim, cum prima cognovi, jungere extrema cupio,
Plin. Ep. 7, 10, 1; Cic. Or. 1, 33, 153; id. Div. 2, 26, 56; id. Brut. 24, 93; id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; id. Fam. 6, 3, 3; Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63; Caes. B. G. 4, 33; 5, 21; Liv. 22, 9, 8; 34, 31, 4; Val. Max. 8, 10 prooem.; 9, 6 init.; Sen. Ep. 3, 2; 21, 9; id. Cons. Helv. 13, 2; Curt. 3, 3, 18; Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 60; Quint. 4, 2, 122; 10, 7, 14.—In oblique clauses the perf. indic. may remain, or may be changed into perf. subj., even after preterites, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 26; 2, 20, 69.—With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.), Ov. P. 1, 5, 47.—(γ).With two logical perff. (rare):c.cum id factum est, tamen grex dominum non mutavit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6:quae cum se disposuit... summum bonum tetigit,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 5; id. Tranq. 17, 11; id. Ben. 1, 1, 5. —With fut.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).ita fere officia reperientur, cum quaeretur, quid deceat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 125; Auct. Her. 2, 7, 10; 2, 12, 17.— So with principal predicate in fut. imper:etiam tum cum verisimile erit aliquem commisisse... latratote,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57, id. Mur. 31, 65; id. Att. 3, 8, 4; Liv. 35, 19, 6.—With principal predicate in pres.:d.in talibus... stabilitas amicitiae confirmari potest, cum homines cupiditatibus imperabunt,
Cic. Lael. 22, 82; Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.—With fut. perf.(α).With principal predicate in pres.:(β).quam (spem), cum in otium venerimus, habere volumus,
Cic. Att. 1, 7:nec irascimur illis cum sessorem recusaverint,
Sen. Const. 12, 3; id. Cons. Marc. 7, 2.—With principal predicate in fut. indic.:(γ).cum haec erunt considerata, statim nostrae legis expositione... utemur,
Auct. Her. 2, 10, 15:cum viderit secari patrem suum filiumve, vir bonus non flebit?
Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 1.—In oblique clauses, dependent on preterites, it is changed to the pluperf. subj.:qui tum demum beatum terrarum orbem futurum praedicavit cum aut sapientes regnare, aut reges sapere coepissent,
Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 4.—With principal predicate in fut. imper.:(δ).cum tempestates pluviae fuerint, videtote quot dies, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 2, 3; 25 init.; 38.—With two fut. perff.:e.cum bene cesserit negotiatio, multum militia retulerit,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 6.—In partic.(α).In definitions with pres, indic.:(β).humile genus est (causae) cum contempta res adfertur,
Auct. Her. 1, 3, 5:purgatio est cum factum conceditur, culpa removetur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 15: maxima est capitis deminutio cum aliquis simul et civitatem et libertatem amittit, Gai Inst. 1, 160; Auct. Her. 1, 46; 2, 4, 6; 4, 12, 17; 4, 53, 66 et saep. —Etiam cum (less freq. cum etiam), even when (nearly = etiamsi), always with indic. if dependent on other than preterite predicates. (1) With pres.: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet, quom etiam cavet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:(γ).in quo scelere, etiam cum multae causae convenisse... videntur, tamen non temere creditur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:qui incolunt maritimas urbis, etiam cum manent corpore, animo tamen excursant,
id. Rep. 2, 4, 7; Curt. 6, 3, 10; Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 6.—(2) With fut.:etiam cum potentes nocere intendent,
Sen. Const. 4, 1. —(3) With fut. perf.:cum etiam plus contenderimus, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; Sen. Ben. 4, 13, 3.—(4) In oblique clauses with imperf. subj., Cic. Fragm. Tog. Cand. 15.—Anteclass. with indic. in addressing indefinite persons in rules, after imper.:2.sorba in sapa cum vis condere, arida facias,
Cato, R. R. 7 fin. — Always with indic. if a certain person is addressed; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59 (l. A. 1. a. a supra); id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47.—With subj. referring to indefinite time.a. (α).With pres. subj.:(β).acerbum'st pro benefactis quom mali messim metas,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 53:quom faciem videas, videtur esse quantivis preti,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 15; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 32; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 38; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7 and 8 et saep.:difficile est tacere cum doleas,
Cic. Sull. 10, 31:etiam interpretatio nominis habet acumen cum ad ridiculum convertas,
id. de Or. 2, 63, 257; 2, 64, 259; 2, 67, 269; 2, 75, 305; 3, 38, 156; Sen. Ep. 75, 4 et saep.—With perf. subj.:b.difficile est cum praestare omnibus concupieris, servare aequitatem,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64:quos (versus) cum cantu spoliaveris, nuda paene remanet oratio,
id. Or. 55, 183; id. Lael. 21, 77; id. Inv. 1, 47, 88; Sall. C. 12, 3; 51, 24; 58, 16.—In the jurists, in a clause exemplifying a general rule: cum ergo ita scriptum sit Heres Titius esto, addicere debemus, Gai Inst. 2, 165; so id. ib. 4, 97; 3, 161; Auct. Her. 4, 31, 42.—c.In the phrase audio cum dicat (I. F. 1, b. infra):d.saepe soleo audire Roscium cum ita dicat se, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 129.—When, after cum, an imperfect or pluperfect is used as a logical tense (post-Aug.): non tulit gratis qui cum rogasset accepit, who has asked for the favor, and, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 1, 4; 2, 3, 1; 2, 13, 2; id. Ep. 86, 8.—e.If the principal predicate is a potential subjunctive, an indefinite clause with a present or future after cum is always in the same mood:3.caveto quom ventus siet aut imber, effodias aut seras,
Cato, R. R. 28:quis tam dissoluto animo est qui, haec cum videat, tacere ac neglegere possit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 32; id. Planc. 39, 94; id. Clu. 55, 153; id. Inv. 1, 4, 87; 1, 51, 95; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 32, 43.—Of definite time, always with indic. (for exceptions, v. 4. infra), when, if, while (for the distinction between cum and si, cf.:a.formam mihi totius rei publicae, si jam es Romae, aut cum eris, velim mittas,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 4:quae si prodierit, atque adeo cum prodierit—scio enim proditurum esse—audiet,
id. Rosc. Am. 25, 100:si damnatus eris, atque adeo cum damnatus eris—nam dubitatio quae poterit esse? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; id. Or. 2, 75, 304; Sen. Ep. 83, 10).Cum with pres. indic.(α).Principal predicate in pres.:(β).certe, edepol, quom illum contemplo et formam cognosco meam... nimis simili'st mei,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 288; so id. Poen. 1, 2, 71; id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 45: Py. Ne fle. Ph. Non queo Quom te video, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 14; id. Am. 1, 1, 260; id. Rud. 3, 4, 38:potestne tibi ulla spes salutis ostendi cum recordaris in deos immortalis quam impius... fueris?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47: cum hoc vereor, et cupio tibi... parcere, rursus immuto voluntatem meam ( = while), id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95; Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4:equidem cum... recordor, vix aetatem Alexandri suffecturam fuisse reor ad unum bellum,
Liv. 9, 19, 12; Cic. Planc. 12, 29; id. Clu. 10, 29; Liv. 40, 46, 3:quod cum ita est,
if this is so, Quint. 24, 58 (cf.:quodsi ita est,
Cic. Mur. 2, 5); so,often, nunc cum: qui modo nusquam conparebas, nunc quom conpares, peris,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 2; so id. ib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 2, 17; id. As. 1, 2, 18; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 39:nos de injusto rege nihil loquimur, nunc cum de ipsa regali re publica quaerimus,
Cic. Rep. 3, 35, 47; Liv. 44, 39, 7.—So with logical perf. for the pres., Quint. 4, 2, 122.—But Cicero always uses nunc cum with a subj. when the clause, while designating present time, generally [p. 491] in opposition to a former time, implies a reason for the principal action, now that:quodsi tum, cum res publica severitatem desiderabat, vici naturam, etc., nunc cum omnes me causae ad misericordiam... vocent, quanto tandem studio, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 2, 3, 6; id. Fam. 9, 16, 7; id. Font. 15, 35 (25); id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; 17, 50; not found in later writers, except in the Gallic panegyrists, e. g. Eum. Grat. Act. 2 init. —With principal predicate in the logical perf., if (ante-class.):b.Curculio hercle verba mihi dedit quom cogito,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 27:sed tandem, quom recogito, qui potis est scire, haec scire me?
id. Stich. 2, 1, 29; id. Mil. 4, 8, 64.—Cum with logical perf. indic.(α).Principal predicate in pres.:(β).ergo quom optume fecisti, nunc adest occasio Benefacta cumulare,
after doing excellently, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 63: quo etiam major vir habendus est (Numa), cum illam sapientiam constituendae civitatis duobus prope saeculis ante cognovit, quam, etc. ( = siquidem, if he has; seeing that he has), Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; Verg. A. 9, 249.—With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.):c.at cumst imposta corona, Clamabis capiti vina subisse meo (est imposta = erit imposta),
Prop. 4 (5), 2, 30.—With fut.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).quom videbis tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; id. Am. 3, 3, 15; id. Men. 5, 7, 7; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; id. Heaut. prol. 33:sed cum certum sciam faciam te paulo ante certiorem,
Cic. Fam. 9, 23; 3, 11, 3; 12, 30, 5; 14, 3, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 53, 10.—With principal predicate in fut. perf.:(γ).cum tu haec leges, ego jam annuum munus confecero,
Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—With principal predicate in imper. fut.:(δ).mox quom imitabor Sauream, caveto ne succenseas,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 105; id. Mil. 3, 3, 59.—With principal predicate in subj. (potential):(ε).cum testes ex Sicilia dabo, quem volet ille eligat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48; id. Off. 1, 34, 122; 3, 10, 46; id. Att. 4, 9, 1; 4, 10, 2; 4, 17, 1 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, changed into imperf. subj., Caes. B. C. 2, 40; after other tenses it is either changed into pres. subj. or remains unchanged, Cic. Fam. 1, 56, 2; 1, 7, 4; Sall. C. 58, 8.—d.With fut. perf.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).mox dabo quom ab re divina rediero,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 193; id. Am. 1, 1, 43; 1, 2, 4; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 8:cum haec docuero, tum illud ostendam, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 4, 9; id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 3; id. de Or. 2, 33, 143; 2, 59, 239; id. Att. 3, 23, 5 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, the fut. perf. is changed into pluperf. subj., Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; 28, 78; Liv. 1, 56, 11; 5, 30, 1; after other tenses, and often in oblique oration, it remains unchanged, or is changed into perf. subj., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183; id. Fam. 2, 5, 2 dub.; Liv. 21, 13, 8; 3, 56, 10.—With principal predicate in imper. (almost always fut. imper.):(γ).quod quom dixero, si placuerit, Facitote,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 37:cum ego Granium testem produxero, refellito, si poteris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154; id. Marcell. 9, 27; id. Fam. 16, 4, 3; Tac. A. 1, 22.—With pres. imper., Liv. 24, 38, 7.—With principal predicate in subj. (potential):4.quae cum omnia collegeris, tum ipse velim judices satisne videatur,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 4; id. Or. 13, 41 dub.—In oblique clauses, after non-preterites, the fut. perf. remains unchanged:oro, ne me hodie, cum isti respondero, putetis, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10; id. Clu. 2, 6.—With subj. in definite time.a.Sometimes in oblique construction (3. c. e; 3. d. a).—b.Sometimes by attraction:c.curata fac sint quom a foro redeam domum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 6; 2, 3, 11; id. Stich. 1, 2, 8; id. Curc. 2, 2, 3:non admirere cum ego ipse me id ex te primum audisse confitear?
Cic. Planc. 24, 58. —In the semi-causal connection nunc cum, v. 3, a. a fin. supra.B.In adverbial anterior clauses dependent on preterite predicates, the time of the cum clause preceding that of the principal sentence (always with subj., except in the instances mentioned 2.; 3. a; and 5.), when, after.1.With pluperf. subj. (so generally): quom socios nostros mandisset impius Cyclops, Liv. And. Fragm. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 817 (Lubbert conjectures, without sufficient reason, mandit sex): quom saucius multifariam ibi factus esset, tamen volnus capiti nullum evenit, Cato, Orig. ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:2.portisculus signum cum dare coepisset,
Enn. Ann. v. 234 Vahl.:quom testamento patris partisset bona,
Afran. Com. Rel. v. 50 Rib.: quem quom ibi vidissent Hortensius Postumiusque, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 4, 32; Enn. Ann. v. 241 Vahl.; Turp. Com. Rel. v. 48 Rib.; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 394, 27 (the MSS. reading:quom venisset,
Plaut. As. 2, 3, 15, is corrupt):audivi summos homines cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas,
Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:haec cum Crassus dixisset, silentium est consecutum,
id. ib. 1, 35, 160:cum Thebani Lacedaemonios bello superavissent... aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,
id. Inv. 2, 23, 69:Dionysius cum fanum Proserpinae Locris expilavisset, navigabat Syracusas,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83:eo cum venisset, animadvertit ad alteram ripam magnas esse copias hostium,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18:Tarquinius et Tullia minor... cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur nuptiis,
Liv. 1, 46, 9 et saep. —With pluperf. indic.a.Ante-class. in place of the class. subj.:b.idem me pridem quom ei advorsum veneram, Facere atriensem voluerat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 28:Quid ais? Quom intellexeras, id consilium capere, quor non dixti extemplo,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 38.—If the pluperfect is a virtual imperfect, designating the time at which the main action took place, the principal predicate being likewise in the pluperfect, when the clause would require an indicative if placed in the imperfect (3. a. a): exspectationem nobis non parvam adtuleras cum scripseras Varronem tibi confirmasse, etc. ( = exspectabam cum legebam; cf. C. 3, a. a, 2.), Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 2, where the cum clause is relative; v. E.: Romae haud minus terroris... erat quam fuerat biennio ante cum castra Punica objecta Romanis moenibus fuerant (C. 3. a. a, 1.), Liv. 27, 44, 1; so id. 5, 28, 1; 26, 40, 17; 44, 10, 1.—c.If the clause indicates that the time of the main action is a period, subsequent to that of the action designated by the pluperfect:3.nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant, scimus Romae, solutione impedita, fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:cum ea consecutus nondum eram... tamen ista vestra nomina numquam sum admiratus,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Inv. 2, 42, 124; Caes. B. G. 7, 35; Liv. 24, 7, 1 sq.; Nep. Dat. 6, 5; Curt. 9, 10, 12; Verg. A. 5, 42.—If both predicates denote repeated action, the anterior clause with cum has the pluperf. indic. or subj.a.With pluperf. indic.(α).With principal predicate in imperf. indic. (so almost always in Cicero and Caesar; not in the poets, nor in Vell., Val. Max., Tac., Suet., or Plin.), whenever:(β).cum ad aliquod oppidum venerat, eadem lectica usque ad cubiculum deferebatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27; 2, 1, 46, § 120; 2, 3, 67, § 156; 2, 4, 61, § 137; 2, 5, 10, § 27; id. Fl. 7, 16; 10, 21; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68; id. Or. 32, 113; id. Brut. 24, 93:(Cassi vellaunus) cum equitatus noster se in agros ejecerat, essedarios ex silvis emittebat,
Caes. B. G. 5, 19; 3, 14; 3, 15; 4, 7; 5, 35; 7, 22; id. B. C. 1, 58; Sall. J. 92, 8; 44, 4:cum comminus venerant, gladiis a velitibus trucidabantur,
Liv. 38, 21, 12; Nep. Epam. 3, 6; Sen. Ep. 11, 4; Curt. 3, 10, 8; 3, 10, 11; Quint. 7, 1, 4; Gell. 15, 22, 5; 17, 18, 3; Gai Inst. 4, 15; Pacat. 9.—With principal predicate in perf. indic.:b.Pacuvius qui Syriam usu suam fecit, cum vino... sibi parentaverat,
Sen. Ep. 12, 8; 108, 14.—With pluperf. subj., an imperf. indic. in principal sentence:4.cum fossam latam cubiculari lecto circumdedisset, ejusque transitum... conjunxisset, eum ipse detorquebat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:cum cohortes ex acie procucurrissent, Numidae... effugiebant, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 41:cum in jus duci debitorem vidissent, undique convolabant,
Liv. 2, 27, 8; 25, 3, 11; 5, 48, 2.—In anterior clauses with imperf. subj.(α).When the principal clause expresses an immediate consequence ( = pluperf. subj.):(β).Demaratus cum audiret dominationem Cypseli confirmari, defugit patriam ( = cum audivisset),
Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34; Caes. B. G. 5, 17 et saep.—Where both verbs relate to one transaction, especially in remarks and replies:(γ).(Epaminondas) cum gravi vulnere exanimari se videret, quaesivit salvusne esset clipeus, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97:cum ex eo quaereretur quid esset dolus magnus, respondebat, etc.,
id. Off. 3. 14, 60; id. Or. 2, 69, 278; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Liv. 3, 71, 4 et saep.—When the principal action takes place during the action of the dependent clause:5.qui cum unum jam et alterum diem desideraretur, neque in eis locis inveniretur... liberti Asuvii in eum invadunt, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38.—For the perf. indic. instead of pluperf. subj. v. C. 1. d. infra.C.In adverbial clauses of coincident time dependent on preterites ( = eo tempore quo), the clause with cum designating the time at which or during which the main action took place, when, as, while.[The theory of the use of tenses and moods in these clauses is not fully settled. The older grammarians require the indicative if cum denotes pure time, but the subjunctive if denoting cause or relations similar to cause. Zumpt and others acknowledge that the rule is frequently not observed, attributing this to the predilection of the Latin language for the subjunctive. Recently Hoffmann (Zeitpartikeln der Lateinischen Sprache, 1st ed. 1860; 2d ed. 1873) and Lubbert (Syntax von Quom, 1870) have advanced the theory that cum requires the indicative if denoting absolute time, but the subjunctive if denoting relative time. They define absolute time as time co-ordinate or parallel with, or logically independent of, the time of the principal action, which performs the function of a chronological date for the principal action, and they consider it as a criterion that the clause might have constituted an independent sentence; while relative time is logically subordinate to the principal action. Hoffmann condenses his theory in the following words: cum with indicative names and describes the time at which the action of the principal sentence took place; cum with the subjunctive, on the contrary, designates the point of time at which, or the space of time during which, the action expressed in the principal sentence commenced or ended. The chief objections to this theory are: (1) Its vagueness.—(2) The facts that in many instances cum with the subjunctive clearly dates the main action (C. 3. a. b, 2, and 4.; C. 3. a. 5.; C. 3. b. b, 3. and 5.; C. 3. b. g infra); that many of the subjunctive clauses with cum may be transformed into independent sentences (C. 3. b. b, 2. and 3. infra); that many indicative clauses with cum are logically subordinate to the main action (C. 3. a. a, 2. infra), and that when both moods are used in two co-ordinated clauses with cum belonging to the same main sentence, Hoffmann must account for the difference of the moods by explanations not drawn from his theory (Cic. Agr. 2, 64, 64; id. Clu. 30, 83; id. Div. 1, 43, 97; id. Fin. 2, 19, 61; id. de Or. 67, 272; Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Liv. 6, 40, 17; 30, 44, 10).—(3) The impossibility of clearly drawing the line between logical co-ordination and subordination; and the fact that, wherever it is drawn, there will be many passages not accounted for (cf. 1. init. and many passages under C. 3. a. a, 3.; C. 3. a. d; C. 3. b. g, etc.).—(4) That the supposed use of cum with the imperfect indicative is inconsistent with the received doctrine that the imperfect always designates a time relative to another time—a difficulty not satisfactorily met by Hoffman's assumption of an aoristic imperfect.]GENERAL RULE.—The predicate after cum is in the perfect indicative (or historical present) if the action is conceived as a point of time coincident with the time of the main action. It is either in the imperfect indicative or in the imperfect subjunctive if the action is conceived as occupying a period of time within which the main action took place (e. g.:1.quid enim meus frater ab arte adjuvari potuit, cum... furem se videre respondit? Quid in omni oratione Crassus... cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220;where dicebat might stand for diceret, but not responderet for respondit: cum ad tribum Polliam ventum est, et praeco cunctaretur, etc.,
Liv. 29, 37, 8; cf.:cum tecum Ephesi collocutus sum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 55, 1; and:cum te Puteolis prosequerer,
id. ib. 3, 10, 8: cum primum lex coepta ferri est, Liv 3, 14, 4; and: cum [p. 492] ferretur lex, id. 5, 30, 4;also,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1, and Liv. 3, 58, 7).Both predicates in the perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), both clauses denoting points of time (the principal predicate may be in any verbal form implying a perfect).a.The clause expressing a momentary action:b.posticulum hoc recepit quom aedis vendidit, Flaut. Trin. 1, 2, 157: scilicet qui dudum tecum venit cum pallam mihi Detulisti,
id. Men. 2, 3, 46; prol. 62; id. Poen. 4, 2, 82; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 57; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21 et saep.:non tum cum emisti fundum Tusculanum, in leporario apri fuerunt,
Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 8:in judiciis quanta vis esset didicit cum est absolutus,
Cic. Tog. Cand. Fragm. 4:per tuas statuas vero cum dixit, vehementer risimus,
id. de Or. 2, 59, 242:cum occiditur Sex. Roscius, (servi) ibidem fuerunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120; id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; 1, 4, 11; 2, 2, 66, § 160; 2, 3, 47, § 112; id. Caecin. 29, 85; id. Sest. 55, 157; id. Phil. 2, 9, 21; id. Rep. 6, 22, 24; id. Fam. 9, 15, 2; id. Att. 2, 1, 5 et saep.:tunc flesse decuit cum adempta sunt nobis arma,
Liv. 3, 55, 10; 10, 6, 8; 28, 42, 14; 42, 46, 1; Vitr. 2, 8, 12; 2, 1, 7; 2, 9, 15;6, 7, 4: semel dumtaxat vultum mutavit, tunc cum... anulum in profundum dejecit,
Val. Max. 6, 9, 6; 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 1, ext. 1;9, 8, 1: rerum natura... cum visum est deinde, (filium tuum) repetiit,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 10, 4; 11, 2; id. Q. N. 1, 11, 3; 6, 25, 4:accepimus et serpentem latrasse cum pulsus est regno Tarquinius,
Plin. 8, 41, 63, § 153; 2, 24, 22, § 90; 2, 52, 53, § 139; Suet. Claud. 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 61; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 8; Tib. 3, 5, 18; Mart. 5, 49, 9.—So, cum primum, when first, the first time that, as soon as:jube vinum dari: jam dudum factum'st quom primum bibi,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 40; id. Cas. prol. 17; Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 31; id. And. prol. 1; id. Eun. 3, 3, 4:Pompeius cum primum contionem habuit... ostendit, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 15, 45; id. Fam. 2, 9, 1; Liv. 3, 55, 10; 25, 6, 2; 25, 29, 4; 31, 3, 1; 40, 8, 1; 42, 34, 3; Curt. 6, 11, 23; but with imperf. subj. when referring to a per. of time:ipse cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet, ad exercitum venit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2.—In the poets and later writers, the imperf. subj. often occurs where classic prose has the perf. indic.:effice ut idem status sit cum exigis qui fuit cum promitterem,
Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 4:tum lacrimare debueras cum equo calcaria subderes,
Curt. 7, 2, 6; Suet. Claud. 6; Ov. P. 4, 12, 28.—If the clause denotes a state, condition, or action of longer duration, it takes the perf. indic. if asserted as a complete fact without regard to what happened during its progress (virtual point of time):c.in quem Juppiter se convertit cum exportavit per mare... Europen,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5:ne cum in Sicilia quidem (bellum) fuit... pars ejus belli in Italiam ulla pervasit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6:nempe eo (lituo) Romulus regiones direxit tum cum urbem condidit,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125; id. Lig. 7, 20; id. Rep. 3, 32, 44:non tibi, cum in conspectu Roma fuit, succurrit? etc.,
Liv. 2, 40, 7; 34, 3, 7; Nep. Iphicr. 2, 4; id. Pelop. 4, 3.—With perf. indic., by the time when, before, referring to facts which actually occurred before the action of the principal sentence:d.ab Anaximandro moniti Lacedaemonii sunt ut urbem... linquerent, quod terrae motus instaret, tum cum... urbs tota corruit,
Cic. Div. 1, 50, 112; Liv. 22, 36, 4; 34, 31, 15; Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 53.—With perf. indic. when actions in immediate sequence are represented as coincident:2.ad quem cum accessimus, Appio, subridens, Recipis nos, inquit, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 2:me primus dolor percussit, Cotta cum est expulsus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 303:itaque ne tum quidem cum classem perdidisti, Mamertinis navem imperare ausus es,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59:haec cum facta sunt in concilio, magna spe et laetitia omnium discessum est,
Caes. B. C. 3, 87:cum Thessalos in armis esse nuntiatum est, Ap. Claudium... senatus misit,
Liv. 42, 5, 8:Gracchus cum ex Sardinia rediit, orationem ad populum habuit,
Gell. 15, 12, 1; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2; id. Deiot. 6, 17; id. Top. 16, 61; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; id. Fam. 5, 21, 2; Liv. 4, 44, 10; 4, 60, 8; 9, 25, 2; 22, 14, 12; Nep. Dat. 11, 1; Suet. Caes. 31; Gell. 1, 23, 5; Prop. 3, 20, 37 (4, 21, 7).—Hence a perf. indic. in co-ordination with pluperf. subj.: cum sol nocte visus esset... et cum caelum discessisse visum est (decemviri ad libros ire jussi sunt), Cic. Div. 1, 43, 97.—With a perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), the principal predicate in imperf.a.The action falling within the time of the principal predicate:b.set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis, quom hinc abit?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 107; id. Rud. 3, 6, 9; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:haec Crassi oratio cum edita est, quattuor et triginta tum habebat annos, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 43, 161:eo cum venio, praetor quiescebat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32; 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Fl. 13, 20; id. Pis. 1, 2; id. Lig. 1, 3; id. Phil. 2, 21, 52; 3, 4, 11; id. Fam. 13, 35, 2; id. Att. 6, 1, 13:cum Caesari in Galliam venit, alterius factionis principes erant Aedui, alterius Sequani,
Caes. B. G. 6, 12; Sall. J. 71, 1:cum haec accepta clades est, jam C. Horatius et T. Menenius consules erant,
Liv. 2, 51, 1; 21, 39, 4; 23, 49, 5; 28, 27, 14; 34, 16, 6;45, 39, 1: merito me non adgnoscis, nam cum hoc factum est, integer eram,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 3.—Post-class. writers generally use imperf. subj.:beneficium ei videberis dedisse cui tunc inimicissimus eras cum dares?
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 7:bona quoque, quae tunc habuit cum damnaretur, publicabuntur,
Dig. 28, 18, § 1:pauper Fabricius (erat) Pyrrhi cum sperneret aurum,
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 413.—The action strictly anterior to the principal sentence, rare (1. d.): nam quod conabar cum interventum'st dicere, nunc expedibo, Pac. ap. Non. p. 505, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 65 Rib.):3.cum est ad nos adlatum de temeritate eorum, etc., cetera mihi facillima videbantur... multaque mihi veniebant in mentem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; Sall. C. 51, 32; Verg. A. 6, 515; id. E. 3, 14.—The predicate after cum conceived as a period or space of time (including repeated action) is either in the imperf. indic. or imperf. subj. [In ante-classical writers and Cicero the imperf. indic. very frequent, and largely prevailing over the subj., except that when the principal predicate denotes a point of time (with perf.), Cicero commonly uses the subj.; the imperf. indic. occurs in Cicero 241 times; in Caesar once with the force of a relativeclause (B. G. 1, 40, 5), and 3 times of repeated action; in Nep. once of repeated action (Att. 9, 6); in Sall. twice (J. 31, 20; id. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch); in Liv. 22 times; in Verg. 4 times; in Ovid twice; in Tib. twice; in Prop. 3 times; in Val. Max. twice; then it disappears (except once each in Tac. and Mart.), but reappears in Gaius (3 times), Gellius (twice), and the Gallic panegyrists (several times)].a.Both predicates denoting spaces of time, the principal predicate always in the imperf. indic. unless the mood is changed by other influences.(α).Cum with the imperf. indic. (1) In express or implied opposition to other periods of time, esp. with tum or tunc:(β).eademne erat haec disciplina tibi quom tu adulescens eras?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 17:alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?
Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50; id. Most. 1, 3, 64; id. Mil. 2, 2, 26; Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 222 Vahl.):qui cum plures erant, paucis nobis exaequari non poterant, hi postquam pauciores sunt, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:qui (Pompeius) cum omnes Caesarem metuebamus ipse eum diligebat, postquam ille metuere coepit, etc.,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4:res per eosdem creditores per quos cum tu aderas agebatur,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 1 (cf.:Senatus consultum factum est de ambitu in Afranii sententiam quam ego dixeram cum tu adesses,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 3):Trebellium valde jam diligit: oderat tum cum ille tabulis novis adversabatur,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:non tam id sentiebam cum fruebar, quam tunc cum carebam,
id. Red. Quir. 1, 3:etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiebatur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 111 (so 111 times in Cicero, including the instances where the principal predicate is in the perf.):cum captivis redemptio negabatur, nos vulgo homines laudabant, nunc deteriore condicione sumus, etc.,
Liv. 25, 6, 14; 10, 7, 2; 33, 34, 3; 34, 4, 10; 44, 36, 8; 45, 38, 1; Ov. P. 2, 6, 9; id. M. 13, 473; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1; 4, 1, 10; Mart. 12, 70, 10; Gai Inst. 1, 184; Eum. Grat. Act. 6; cf.: cur eum, cum in consilium iretur, Cluentius et Canutius abesse patiebantur? Cur cum in consilium mittebant, Stajenum judicem qui pecuniam dederant, non requirebant? Cic. Clu. 30, 83 (cum iretur, of the time when the judges retired; cum mittebant, of the previous time, when the parties were asked about the closing of the case; opp. cum iretur).—Poets, even in the class. per., sometimes use the subj. in dependence upon the indic.:hic subito quantus cum viveret esse solebat, Exit humo,
Ov. M. 13, 441. —(2) The principal predicate denoting a mental act or reflection occasioned by, or accompanying the action of the clause with cum (mostly ante-class. and in Cicero):desipiebam mentis cum illa scripta mittebam tibi,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 35; id. Aul. 2, 2, 1; id. Ps. 1, 5, 86:sed tu cum et tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas, et cum eis praedabare, et... non statuebas tibi rationem esse reddendam?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:illas res tantas cum gerebam, non mihi mors, non exsilium ob oculos versabatur?
id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Cat. 3, 1, 3; 3, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; 2, 2, 13, § 33; 2, 2, 35, § 86; 2, 3, 86, § 198; 2, 5, 21, § 54; id. Fl. 1, 1; id. Deiot. 1, 3; 8, 23; id. Pis. 24, 56 and 57; id. Ac. 2, 28, 89; id. Or. 13, 41; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 43; id. Fam. 7, 9, 5 (22 times); Sall. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch (cf.:num P. Decius cum se devoveret, et equo admisso in mediam aciem Latinorum inruebat, aliquid... cogitabat?
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61; cum se devoveret explains the circumstances of inruebat; hence acc. to 3. a. b, 2. in subj.; cf. Madv. ad loc., who reads devoverat).—(3) If the predicate after cum has a meaning peculiar to the imperf. indic., which by the use of the subj. would be effaced: quod erat os tuum, cum videbas eos homines, quorum ex bonis istum anulus aureus donabas? (descriptive imperf.) Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187; so,fulgentis gladios hostium videbant Decii, cum in aciem eorum inruebant,
id. Tusc. 2, 24, 59: cum de plebe consulem non accipiebat ( = accipere nolebat, conative imperf.), id. Brut. 14, 55:cum vim quae esset in sensibus explicabamus, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 12, 37 (the verbum dicendi refers to a certain stage in the discourse, for which Cicero uses the imperf. indic. in independent sentences, e. g. N. D. 3, 29, 71; 3, 6, 15; de Or. 1, 53, 230; 2, 19, 83; 2, 84, 341); so,equidem... risum vix tenebam, cum Attico Lysiae Catonem nostrum comparabas,
id. Brut. 8, 293:cum censebam,
id. de Or. 1, 62, 264:cum dicebam,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 5:cum ponebas,
id. Fin. 2, 19, 63; so esp. in Cicero's letters the phrase cum haec scribebam = while I am writing this, to preserve the meaning of an epistolary tense, referring to a state, condition, or action in progress at the time of writing the letter:res, cum haec scribebam, erat in extremum adducta discrimen,
id. Fam. 12, 6, 2; 3, 12, 2; 5, 12, 2; 6, 4, 1; id. Att. 5, 20, 5 et saep.; cum haec scriberem, scripsissem, scripsi, are not epistolary tenses, but refer to events happening after the letter or part of it was finished, = when I wrote, had written, id. ib. 2, 15, 3; 10, 4, 7; 4, 10, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5; 8, 13, 2;sometimes cum dabam = cum scribebam,
Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 3 (but cf.:cum scriberem, as epistolary tense, in oblique discourse,
id. Att. 15, 13, 7).—(4) The coincidence in time of two actions is made emphatic, = eo ipso tempore quo:tum cum insula Delos... nihil timebat, non modo provinciis sed etiam Appia via jam carebamus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; id. Phil. 1, 15, 36; 13, 8, 17; id. Sull. 10, 31; id. Tusc. 2, 8, 20; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Dom. 45, 118.—The predicate after cum is in the imperf. subj. (1) To impart to the clause a causal, adversative or concessive meaning besides the temporal relation:(γ).antea cum equester ordo judicaret, improbi magistratus in provinciis inserviebant publicanis (a logical consequence),
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:sed cum jam honores (Hortensii) et illa senior auctoritas gravius quiddam requireret, remanebat idem (dicendi genus) nec decebat idem,
id. Brut. 95, 327; id. Phil. 1, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42; 16, 45; id. Pis. 10, 2; Liv. 25, 13, 1; 26, 5, 1.—(2) To indicate circumstances under which the main action took place, and by which it is explained:Flaminius, cum tripudio auspicaretur, pullarius diem differebat, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77: [p. 493] equidem cum peterem magistratum, solebam in prensando dimittere a me Scaevolam, id. de Or. 1, 24, 112; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52; Liv. 41, 1, 2 (cf. 3. b. b, 3.).—(3) To describe the locality of the main action: quom essem in provincia legatus, quam plures ad praetores et consules vinum honorarium dabant, Cato ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 3, 8:Zenonem cum Athenis essem audiebam frequenter,
Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 59; 1, 28, 79; id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; id. Att. 2, 11, 1; 12, 5, 4; 16, 14, 1; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 29; Liv. 5, 54, 3 (cf. 3. b. b, 4.).—(4) To designate the time of the main action as a condition:cum ageremus vitae supremum diem, scribebamus hoc,
Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 54:cum jam in exitu annus esset, Q. Marcius... magistratu abiturus erat,
Liv. 39, 23, 1 (cf. 3. b. b, 5.).—If both the clause with cum and the principal predicate denote repeated action, the predicate with cum in class. prose is in the imperf. indic. or subj. according to the rules under a and b; the principal predicate being always in the imperf. indic.; but in ante-class. writers cum has always the imperf. indic. (1) Imperf. indic.:(δ).tum mi aedes quoque arridebant, quom ad te veniebam, tuae,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Am. 1, 1, 45; id. Rud. 4, 7, 25 sqq.; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 19; Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 5; Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 4; Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 79, 2; Gai Inst. 2, 101; Pacat. Pan. 9 fin.:cum a nostro Catone laudabar vel reprehendi me a ceteris facile patiebar,
Cic. Or. 13, 41; so Nep. Att. 9, 6.—To distinguish from adversative relations, as Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Caes. B. C. 3, 44, 6; Gai Inst. 2, 254.—If only the clause with cum, but not the principal predicate, denotes repeated action, the latter is in the perf., the former in imperf. indic., Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Cic. Arch. 5, 10.—(2) Imperf. subj., mostly denoting circumstances to explain the main action: cum dilectus antiquitus fieret... tribunus militaris adigebat, etc., Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:Hortensius cum partiretur tecum causas, prorogandi locum semper tibi relinquebat,
Cic. Brut. 51, 190; id. Div. 1, 45, 102; id. de Or. 1, 54, 232; id. Brut. 62, 222; Liv. 3, 66, 2; 5, 25, 12:ex hoc effectos panes, cum in colloquiis Pompeiani famem nostris objectarent, vulgo in eos jaciebant (causal),
Caes. B. C. 3, 48; Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62; so,according to class. usage,
Sen. Ep. 86, 11; Curt. 5, 2, 7; 6, 5, 18; 7, 3, 13; Suet. Caes. 65;contrary to class. usage,
Val. Max. 3, 6, 6; Sen. Ep. 30, 7; 77, 8; Tac. H. 2, 91; Spart. Had. 18. —In other instances (which are rare), both moods occur, either without any discrimination, or for special reasons. (1) Ante-class.:b.nam quom modo exibat foras, ad portum se aibat ire,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 2. —(2) Class.:ut, cum L. Opimii causam defendebat, C. Carbo nihil de Gracchi nece negabat, sed id jure factum esse dicebat,
Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 106 (cf.:nuper cum ego C. Sergii Oratae... causam defenderem, nonne omnis nostra in jure versata defensio est?
id. ib. 1, 39, 178; in each of these sentences the clause with cum sustains exactly the same relation to the principal predicate; but the former has the imperf. in the principal sentence, and in this connection Cic. prefers the indic. after cum):similiter arbitror... illum (oratorem) de toto illo genere non plus quaesiturum esse, quid dicat, quam Polycletum illum, cum Herculem fingebat, quem ad modum pellem aut hydram fingeret (fingebat, for euphony, in view of the foll. fingeret),
id. de Or. 2, 16, 70; cf.:nec vero ille artifex cum faceret Jovis formam... contemplabatur aliquem, e quo similitudinem duceret,
id. Or. 2, 9.—Without assignable reason:casu, cum legerem tuas litteras, Hirtius erat apud me,
Cic. Att. 15, 1, 2; cf.:Hasdrubal tum forte cum haec gerebantur, apud Syphacem erat,
Liv. 29, 31, 1:cum haec Romae agebantur, Chalcide Antiochus ipse sollicitabat civitatium animos, etc.,
id. 36, 5, 1; cf.:cum haec in Hispania gererentur, comitiorum jam appetebat dies,
id. 35, 8, 1 (Weissenb. gerebantur):cum haec agebantur, Chalcide erat Antiochus,
id. 36, 15, 1; cf.:cum haec agerentur jam consul via Labicana ad fanum Quietis erat,
id. 4, 41, 8; 35, 2, 1.—(3) PostAug. writers almost always use imperf. subj., disregarding the class. usage: ipsa fruebatur arte cum pingeret (cf. a, 2.), Sen. Ep. 9, 7; id. Cons. Marc. 23, 3; Plin. Pan. 34:tunc erat mendacio locus cum ignota essent externa... nunc vero, etc. (opposition of times),
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 24; so id. Ep. 97, 9; Mart. 2, 61, 1; cf. Don. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13 (3. a. a, 1. supra):cum haec proderem habebant et Caesares juvenes sturnum, etc.,
Plin. 10, 41, 59, § 120.—If the principal predicate denotes a point of time, and the predicate with cum a period of time, the former is in the perf. indic. unless changed by construction; the latter(α).In the imperf. indic., according to the rules a. a, except 2. (1) When the time of the cum clause is opposed to other periods of time:(β).res quom animam agebat tum esse offusam oportuit,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 85; id. Truc. 4, 2, 20; id. Ep. 3, 3, 50 (3, 4, 21); id. Most. 5, 1, 68:quod cum res agebatur nemo in me dixit, id tot annis post tu es inventus qui diceres?
Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 22; id. Rep. 2, 23, 43; id. Div. 1, 41, 92; 1, 45, 101; id. Ac. 2, 28, 90; id. Quint. 19, 60; 17, 54; 19, 61; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210 et saep.; Liv. 22, 60, 25; Verg. A. 4, 597; Tib. 1, 10, 8; 1, 10, 19; Prop. 2, 1, 31; 5 (4), 10, 24.—The subj. may be used if the principal action is represented as a consequence or result:o, Astaphium, haut isto modo solita's me ante appellare, Sed blande, quom illuc quod aput vos nunc est, aput me haberem,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 60 (Lubbert conjectures habebam); Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2 and 3; id. Fin. 4, 27, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 11; id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 130; id. Mur. 3, 8; Liv. 5, 53, 9; 10, 6, 9; 43, 21, 1;44, 39, 7.— Hence the mood may change in co-ordinate clauses: tum, cum haberet haec res publica Luscinos, Calatinos, etc., homines... patientia paupertatis ornatos, et tum, cum erant Catones, Phili, etc., tamen hujusce modi res commissa nemini est (haberet, concessive),
Cic. Agr. 2, 24, 64.—(2) To make emphatic the coincidence of time, = eo ipso tempore (a. a, 4.):cum is triumphus de Liguribus agebatur, Ligures... coloniam ipsam ceperunt,
Liv. 41, 14, 1; Cic. Sest. 26, 56; id. Phil. 2, 36, 90; id. Div. 2, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 97; id. Att. 1, 4, 1.—(3) To preserve the peculiar force of the imperf. indic. (a. a, 3.): cum iste jam decedebat, ejus modi litteras ad eos misit, etc. (conative imperf.), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:cum Africanus censor tribu movebat centurionem... inquit,
id. de Or. 2, 67, 272 (cf.:cum (censor) M. Antistio equum ademisset,
id. ib. 2, 71, 287).—With the imperf. subj. (1) Always when cum means while (time during which): quomque caput caderet, carmen tuba sola peregit et, etc., Enn. ap. Lact. ad Stat. Th. 11, 56 (Ann. v. 508 Vahl.):(γ).magistratus quom ibi adesset, occepta'st agi,
Ter. Eun. prol. 22 (Lubbert conjectures adsedit); Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):Alexandrum uxor sua, cum simul cubaret, occidit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:armati, cum sui utrosque adhortarentur... in medium inter duas acies procedunt,
Liv. 1, 25, 1; Varr. R. R. 2, 81; Auct. Her. 4, 52, 65; Cic. Brut. 3, 10; id. Clu. 62, 175; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 3, 57; Liv. 1, 30, 8; 10, 30, 3 et saep.—(2) To connect a logical (causal, etc.) relation with the temporal meaning (a. b, 1.):cum ille Romuli senatus... temptaret ut ipse gereret sine rege rem publicam, populus id non tulit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 23:an pater familiarissimis suis succensuit cum Sullam et defenderent et laudarent? (causal),
id. Sull. 17, 49:tum cum bello sociorum tota Italia arderet, homo non acerrimus... C. Norbanus in summo otio fuit (concessive),
id. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 8:quibus rebus cum unus in civitate maxime floreret, incidit in eandem invidiam, etc. (adversative),
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:sed cum jam appropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset... tunc injecta trepidatio est,
Liv. 44, 28, 10; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211; id. Clu. 31, 84; id. Mur. 3, 8; id. Phil. 3, 2, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33; Caes. B. C. 2, 7; Liv. 25, 9, 10; 21, 41, 12.—(3) To explain the main fact by circumstances:quem quidem hercle ego, in exilium quom iret, redduxi domum,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 19:consule me, cum esset designatus tribunus, obtulit in discrimen vitam suam,
Cic. Sest. 28, 61:haec epistula est, quam nos, in aedibus Apronii cum litteras conquireremus, invenimus,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 154: Socrates, cum XXX. tyranni essent, pedem porta non extulit, id. Att. 8, 2, 4:Brundusii cum loquerer cum Phania, veni in eum sermonem ut dicerem, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:itaque, cum populum in curias triginta divideret, nomina earum (Sabinarum) curiis imposuit,
Liv. 1, 13, 6:Ap. Claudius, ovans cum in urbem iniret, decem milia pondo argenti, etc., in aerarium tulit,
id. 41, 28, 6; Cic. Clu. 20, 55; id. Phil. 12, 8, 20; id. Scaur. 47; id. Inv. 2, 31, 96; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Div. 1, 52, 119; id. Off. 2, 8, 27; id. Or. 2, 55, 225 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 13; 6, 6, 5; Liv. 1, 39, 4; 3, 63, 6; 4, 53, 11 et saep.—(4) To describe the place of the main action (a. a, 3.):cum essem in castris ad fluvium Pyramum, redditae mihi sunt uno tempore a te epistulae duae,
Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1;so with cum essem (essemus, etc.),
id. ib. 2, 19, 1; 3, 4, 1; 13, 56, 1; id. Att. 1, 10, 1; 14, 19, 1; id. Ac. 1, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Varr. R. R. 3, 13; Caes. B. G. 4, 11 et saep.:Eumenes rex ab Roma cum in regnum rediret... mactatus est ( = on the journey),
Liv. 42, 40, 8:Agesilaus cum ex Aegypto reverteretur... in morbum implicitus decessit,
Nep. Ages. 8, 6.—The perf. indic. (cum fui, etc.) refers to temporary visits to a place:Gallo narravi, cum proxime Romae fui, quid audissem,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 2:proxime cum in patria mea fui, venit ad me, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3.—(5) To designate the time by natural occurrences (a. a, 4.):ipsi comprehensi a me, cum jam dilucesceret, deducuntur,
Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6:cum advesperasceret, cum lucesceret,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 8:cum lux appropinquaret,
id. Tull. 9, 21:cum dies instaret,
id. Inv. 2, 31, 96:cum comitiorum tempus adpeteret,
Liv. 28, 10, 1:cum dies comitiorum adpropinquaret,
id. 3, 34, 7; 10, 13, 2.—But when a date is given as a point of time, the perf. indic. is used:cum ea dies venit,
Liv. 4, 44, 10; 6, 20, 4.—(6) When the action of the cum clause is interrupted or ended by the main action:cum hanc jam epistulam complicarem, tabellarii a vobis venerunt, etc.,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 17:L. Octavius, cum multas jam causas diceret, adulescens est mortuus,
id. Brut. 68, 241:cum plures jam tribus dicto esse audientem pontifici duumvirum juberent... ultimum de caelo quod comitia turbaret intervenit,
Liv. 40, 42, 10:cum maxime conquereretur apud patres... repente strepitus ante curiam... auditur,
id. 8, 33, 4:haec cum maxime dissereret, intervenit Tarquinius,
id. 1, 50, 7;so with cum maxime,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 23, 24, 6; 30, 33, 12.—(7) If the clause with cum has the force of a participial adjunct of the principal predicate (cum diceret = dicens, or dicendo):Caesarem saepe accusavit, cum adfirmaret illum numquam, dum haec natio viveret, sine cura futurum ( = adfirmans, or adfirmando),
Cic. Sest. 63, 132:Antigonus in proelio, cum adversus Seleucum dimicaret, occisus est ( = dimicans),
Nep. Reg. 3, 2:impulit ut cuperem habere, cum diceret,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 8; Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9 (11), 3; id. Clu. 42, 119; 56, 153; id. pro Corn. Maj. Fragm. 16; id. Mil. 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 57, 243; id. Or. 37, 129; id. Fin. 1, 5, 16; id. Inv. 2, 34, 105; Val. Max. 1, 2, ext. 1; Ov. P. 1, 9, 42.—(8) In the historians, in a summary reference to events already related:cum haec in Achaia atque apud Dyrrhachium gererentur... Caesar mittit, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57:cum civitas in opere ac labore adsiduo reficiendae urbis teneretur, interim Q. Fabio... dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:cum hic status in Boeotia esset, Perseus... misit,
id. 42, 56, 10; 33, 36, 1; 34, 22, 3; 38, 8, 1; 42, 64, 1; 45, 11, 1.—In all other cases the imperf. subj. is regularly used in class. prose, even if the action of the clause with cum is logically independent of the principal sentence:D.illum saepe audivi, hic, cum ego judicare jam aliquid possem, abfuit,
Cic. Brut. 71, 248: senatus consultum est factum de ambitu in Afranii sententiam, in quam ego dixeram, cum tu adesses. id. Q. Fr. 2, 7 (9), 3; so always (class.) with cum maxime, precisely when, just when:cum maxime haec in senatu agerentur, Canuleius... (ad populum) ita disseruit,
Liv. 4, 3, 1:cum maxime Capua circumvallaretur, Syracusarum oppugnatio ad finem venit,
id. 25, 23, 1.—In a very few instances the imperf. indic. occurs without apparent reason: an vero cum honos agebatur familiae vestrae... succensuit [p. 494] pater tuus cum Sullam defenderent (probably to distinguish the two cum clauses), Cic. Sull. 17, 49 (cf.:cum jus amicitiae, societatis, adfinitatis ageretur, cum, etc., eo tempore tu non modo non... retulisti, sed ne ipse quidem, etc.,
id. Quint. 16, 53):ille versus, qui in te erat collatus cum aedilitatem petebas,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8:cum ex oppido exportabatur (Dianae statua) quem conventum mulierum factum esse arbitramini?... Quid hoc tota Sicilia est clarius quam omnes convenisse cum Diana exportaretur ex oppido? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77.—Poets and post-class. writers frequently disregard the class. usage, the former by using either mood instead of the other, the latter by the un-Ciceronian use of the subj.; v. Prop. 2, 9, 15; 5 (4), 4, 10; Tib. 1, 10, 16; Verg. A. 7, 148; 12, 735; Mart. 13, 122; Curt. 8, 12, 16; 9, 2, 24; Quint. 11, 1, 89; Plin. 36, 6, 5, § 46; Dig. 28, 1, 22, § 1; Gell. strangely uses an imperf. indic. where class. writers would use a subj.:sed ego, homines cum considerabam, alterum fidei, alterum probri plenum, nequaquam adduci potui ad absolvendum,
Gell. 14, 2, 10; cf.:cum secum reputavit,
Tac. A. 15, 54.In adverbial clauses denoting identity of action (if the principal sentence and the clause with cum denote not different actions, but one action, which, expressed by the latter clause, is by the principal sentence defined in its meaning and import, the clause with cum always takes the indic., except once or twice post-class., and almost always the same tense as the principal sentence), when, by, in, etc.1.The predicate in present:2.amice facis Quom me laudas,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 31; id. Poen. 3, 2, 12; 3, 5, 15; Ter. And. prol. 18; id. Ad. 1, 2, 16 et saep.:bene facitis cum venitis,
Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63:quae cum taces, nulla esse concedis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54; 21, 58; id. Clu. 47, 132; Liv. 25, 6, 5 et saep.—With fut. (rare):3.cum igitur proferent aliquid hujusmodi... inventum proferent,
Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 75; id. Fl. 39, 99; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 9.—With fut. perf. (rare):4.quod cum dederis, illud dederis ut is absolvatur,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 23; id. Lig. 12, 36; id. Part. Or. 39; Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41.—With perf.:5.fecisti furtum quom istaec flagitia me celavisti et patrem,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 60; 1, 2, 52; id. Cas. 4, 4, 18 (22); id. Capt. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Phorm. prol. 32 et saep.:loco ille motus est cum ex urbe est depulsus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; id. Fam. 11, 29, 2; id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39; Liv. 5, 49, 8; 9, 8, 4; Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 1; Curt. 6, 10, 9; Quint. 1, 10, 47 et saep.—With histor. pres.:6.Orestes cum se defendit, in matrem confert crimen,
Auct. Her. 1, 15, 25.—With imperf.:7.cum grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant, adulescentiae temeritatem verebantur,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47; 14, 10, 28; id. Fl. 33, 83; id. Lig. 6, 18; id. Fam. 6, 1, 3; id. Off. 3, 10, 40; id. Sen. 6, 15 et saep.—Imperf. with perf. ( poet. and post-class.;8.very rare): quid quod et ominibus certis prohibebar amori Indulgere meo, tum cum mihi ferre jubenti Excidit et fecit spes nostras cera caducas,
Ov. M. 9, 595 sq.; Val. Max. 9, 1, 5.—With pluperf. (very rare):* 9.exspectationem nobis non parvam attuleras cum scripseras, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; id. Sest. 16, 37.—Pluperf. and imperf.:10.quod quidem tibi ostenderam cum a me Capuam reiciebam,
Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, 5.—Imperf. subj. (post-class.):11.tunc venena edebat bibebatque, cum immensis epulis non delectaretur tantum, sed gloriaretur,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 10.—Often relatively added to nouns when a relative clause must be supplied:E.illa scelera... cum ejus domum evertisti, cujus, etc.,
which you committed when (by), Cic. Pis. 34, 83; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33; Liv. 5, 3, 4; 23, 9, 11; 29, 17, 9.In relative clauses, = quo tempore, quo, etc.1.Dependent on nouns designating time, the mood follows the general rules of relative clauses.a.The principal sentence is a formal statement of indefinite time, with the copula (tempus fuit cum, or fuit cum, analogous to sunt qui, etc.); generally with subj., but sometimes indic., when sunt qui would take this mood.(α).With pres. or fut. indic.: nunc est profecto (i. e. tempus), interfici quom perpeti me possum (the ante-class. writers construe sunt qui with indic.), Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 3; id. And. 1, 1, 125:(β).jam aderit tempus quom sese etiam ipse oderit,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 12; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 28.—With pres. subj.: nunc est ille dies quom gloria maxima sese nobis ostendat, si vivimus, sive morimur, Enn. ap. Prisc. 10, p. 880 P. (Ann. v. 383 Vahl.); so Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 1:(γ).erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet aliquando dies cum... amicissimi benevolentiam desideres,
Cic. Mil. 25, 69; Val. Max. 6, 2, 9.—With preterites, indic., Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 29:(δ).fuit quoddam tempus cum in agris homines bestiarum more vagabantur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2 (cf.:fuerunt alia genera qui... dicebant,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62):fuit cum hoc dici poterat (potuisset would be hypothetical),
Liv. 7, 32, 13.—With preterites, subj., Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 1:b.quod fuit tempus cum rura colerent homines,
Varr. R. R. 3, 1:ac fuit cum mihi quoque initium requiescendi concessum arbitrarer,
Cic. Or. 1, 1, 1; so id. Brut. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 6, 24.—Attributively with nouns denoting time (tempus, dies, etc.), in ordinary sentences.(α).With pres. or fut. indic.:(β).incidunt saepe tempora cum ea commutantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:longum illud tempus cum non ero, etc.,
id. Att. 12, 8, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177; id. Quint. 2, 8; id. Sen. 23, 84.—With potential subj., Cic. Att. 3, 3.—With past tenses, indic., Plaut. Am. prol. 91; id. rud. 2, 6, 12; Ter. And. 5, 3, 12:(γ).atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat,
Cic. Lig. 7, 20:memini noctis illius cum... pollicebar,
id. Planc. 42, 101; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; 2, 35, 88; id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; id. Sest. 7, 15; 29, 62; id. Sull. 18, 52; id. Fam. 11, 8, 1; 11, 27, 3; id. de Or. 1, 11, 45; Sall. J. 31, 20; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 6; Prop. 1, 10, 5; 1, 22, 5; Gell. 1, 23, 2 et saep.—So with nouns implying time:illa pugna quom, etc. ( = in qua),
Plaut. Poen. 2, 26;Marcellino Consule, cum ego... putabam ( = anno Marcellini, quo, etc.),
Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4:patrum nostrorum memoria cum exercitus videbatur ( = tempore quo),
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2; Liv. 6, 40, 17.—With preterites in subj., Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:c.accepit enim agrum iis temporibus cum jacerent pretia praediorum,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; so id. Off. 2, 19, 65:numerandus est ille annus cum obmutuisset senatus?
id. Pis. 12, 26; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; id. Rep. 2, 37, 62; id. Font. 3, 6; Liv. 3, 65, 8:haec scripsi postridie ejus diei cum castra haberem Mopsuhestiae (cf. habebam, as epistolary tense),
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 10.—If the clause does not define the noun, but is a co-ordinate designation of time, it follows the rule of adverbial clauses:eodem anno, cum omnia infida Romanis essent, Capuae quoque conjurationes factae,
while, Liv. 9, 26, 5; Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; Liv. 8, 15, 1; 1, 41, 6.—Appositively added to temporal adverbs and to dates (heri, hodie, medius, tertius, olim, antea, quondam, nuper, olim, postea) following the rules of adverbial clauses:2.Crassus hodie, cum vos non adessetis, posuit idem, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 41:omnia quae a te nudius tertius dicta sunt, cum docere velles, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 7, 18; id. Sest. 48, 103; id. Att. 4, 3, 2; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Caes. B. C. 2, 17 et saep.—So with dates (always subj.. except with cum haec scribebam, or dabam):posteaquam Pompeius apud populum ad VIII. Id. Febr., cum pro Milone diceret, clamore convicioque jactatus est,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 1; 3, 3, 1; 3, 4, 1; 4, 2, 1; id. Att. 14, 19, 1.—The principal sentence defines a period of time during which the action of the clause has or had lasted, always with indic., and after the words defining the period, = per quod tempus, when, that, during which, while, etc.a.With pres., = Engl. pres. perf.(α).With cardinal, definite or indefinite. (1) Time in acc. (ante-class.):(β).hanc domum Jam multos annos est quom possideo,
that I have been the owner, Plaut. Aul. prol. 4; cf. id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—(2) Time in nom.:anni sunt octo cum ista causa in ista meditatione versatur,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; id. Or. 51, 171; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1; id. Div. 2, 36, 76.—With ordinals:(γ).vigesimus annus est, cum omnes scelerati me unum petunt,
Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Verg. A. 5, 627; 3, 646.—With diu:b.jam diu'st quom ventri victum non datis,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 146; Gell. 1, 25, 12.—Perf. with negation, the principal predicate in pres. or logical perf., = Engl. pres. perf.:c.quia septem menses sunt quom in hasce aedes pedem Nemo intro tetulit,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 39; id. Men. 3, 1, 3; Prop. 3, 8, 33 (2, 16, 33. —With pluperf., the principal predicate in imperf.:d.permulti jam anni erant cum inter patricios magistratus tribunosque nulla certamina fuerant,
Liv. 9, 33, 3.—With imperf., the principal predicate in perf. or pluperf.:3.dies triginta aut plus in ea navi fui, Quom interea semper mortem exspectabam miser,
Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 7:unus et alter dies intercesserat, cum res parum certa videbatur,
Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—The principal sentence specifying a period of time which has or had elapsed since the action took place, = ex ejus tempore, since or after, always with indic.; the principal predicate pres. or logical perf., cum with perf. indic.a.With cardinals.(α).Time in acc. (ante-class.):(β).annos factum'st sedecim Quom conspicatus est primo crepusculo Puellam exponi,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 39; so probably id. Pers. 1, 3, 57; id. Trin. 2, 4, 1; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—With nom.:b.nondum centum et decem anni sunt cum de pecuniis repetundis lata lex est,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75; id. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 9, 11, A, 2.—With diu or dudum:c.nam illi quidem haut sane diu'st quom dentes exciderunt,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 42; id. As. 2, 1, 3; id. Trin. 4, 3, 3.—Peculiarly, cum referring to an action which was to be done after a period of time, before, at the end of which:4.omnino biduum supererat cum exercitui frumentum metiri oporteret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23. —In inverted clauses, the principal sentence determining the time of the clause, cum ( = quo tempore) having the force of a relative; cum with the indic. always following the principal sentence; never in oblique discourse; very freq. in class. and post-class. writings (ante-class. only Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 3; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40; id. Eun. 4, 2, 5); principal sentence often with jam, vix, vixdum, nondum, tantum quod, and commodum; cum often with subito, repente, sometimes interim, tamen, etiamtum.a.Principal sentence defining time by temporal expressions.(α).Principal sentence with pluperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(β).dies nondum decem intercesserant cum ille alter filius necatur,
Cic. Clu. 9, 28; id. Verr. 1, 2, 36; id. Or. 2, 21, 89; Ov. M. 9, 715; Plin. Pan. 91, 1.—(2) Cum with histor. inf., Sall. J. 98, 2.—Principal sentence with imperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(γ).nondum lucebat cum Ameriae scitum est,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97; Liv. 21, 59, 5; 41, 26, 2; 22, 1, 1; 9, 33, 3; 9, 37, 5; Verg. G. 2, 340; Curt. 4, 3, 16; 5, 12, 6 al.—(2) Cum with imperf., Curt. 6, 7, 1.—Principal sentence with perf., cum with perf.:b.dies haud multi intercesserunt cum ex Leontinis praesidium... venerunt,
Liv. 24, 29, 1; 40, 48, 4.—Principal sentence not containing expressions of time; most freq. with pluperf. or imperf. in principal sentence, and perf. or histor. pres. in clause with cum, but (far more rarely) many other combinations occur.(α).Principal sentence with imperf., cum with perf.:(β).non dubitabat Minucius quin, etc., cum repente jubetur dicere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 29, § 72:jamque hoc facere noctu adparabant cum matres familiae repente... procucurrerunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 36; Liv. 1, 36, 1 (57 times); Verg. A. 1, 36 (26 times); Vell. 2, 28, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 18, 3; Tac. A. 3, 1 (31 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (19 times); Plin. Ep. 6, 24, 2.—Principal sentence with pluperf., cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(γ).jam Sora capta erat cum consules prima luce advenere,
Liv. 9, 24, 13 (32 times); Cic. Clu. 9, 28 (14 times); Sall. J. 60, 6; Verg. A. 1, 586 (13 times); Tac. A. 1, 19 (13 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (18 times). —And cum with potential subj.:vix erat hoc plane imperatum cum illum spoliatum... videres,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86.—Principal sentence with perf., Cic. Sest. 37, 39 (5 times); Liv. 2, 46, 3 (8 times).—(δ).Principal sentence with histor. inf., Liv. 5, 46, 1; Tac. A. 1, 11; 11, 16; Curt. 5, 9, 1; 9, 5, 1.—(ε).Principal sentence with histor. pres., Liv. 4, 32, 1 (3 times); Ov. M. 4, 695 (5 times).—(ζ).Cum with imperf., Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17 (3 times); Sall. J. 51, 2; Liv. 44, 10, 6; Tac. A. 1, 51; 11, 26.—(η).Cum with [p. 495] histor. inf., Liv. 2, 27, 1; Tac. A. 2, 31 (6 times); Curt. 4, 4, 9.—(θ).Cum with pluperf., Liv. 2, 46, 3 (3 times); Ov. M. 14, 581; Verg. A. 2, 256 sq.—(κ).With logical perf., or logical perf. and pres. (rare):5.quam multi enim jam oratores commemorati sunt... cum tamen spisse ad Antonium Crassumque pervenimus,
Cic. Brut. 36, 138:jamque fuga timidum caput abdidit alte (coluber), Cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur,
Verg. G. 3, 422.—In clauses added loosely or parenthetically to a preceding clause or to a substantive in it (the mood governed by the rules for relative clauses).a.When, on an occasion, on which, etc.(α).With perf. indic.:(β).Hortensium maxime probavi pro Messala dicentem, cum tu abfuisti,
Cic. Brut. 96, 328; id. Phil. 11, 8, 18; id. Dom. 9, 22; 53, 136; id. Fam. 13, 75, 1; Spart. Had. 3; Flor. 1, 18, 9 (1, 13, 19).—With imperf. indic.:(γ).num infitiari potes te illo ipso die meis praesidiis circumclusum commovere te non potuisse, cum tu nostra... caede contentum esse dicebas?
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7; id. Sest. 63, 131; id. Cael. 24, 59.—Cum with pres. indic., a past tense in principal sentence (mostly poet.):(δ).nox erat et placidum carpebant fessa soporem Corpora... cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, Cum tacet omnis ager, etc.,
Verg. A. 4, 522; 8, 407; 12, 114; id. E. 8, 15; Hor. S. 1, 10, 31; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 22.—Imperf. subj.: qui... accensi nulla deinde vi sustineri potuere, cum compulsi in castra Romani rursus obsiderentur, in consequence of which ( = ita ut), Liv. 3, 5, 8.—(ε).So freq. cum quidem, always with indic.:b.sed uterque noster cedere cogebatur, cum quidem ille pollicitus est, se quod velletis esse facturum,
Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; id. Fl. 22, 53; id. Pis. 9, 21; 34, 83 and 84; id. Leg. 2, 6, 14; id. Sen. 4, 11; Suet. Caes. 50; Spart. Had. 9; id. Ael. Ver. 4.—Cum tamen, at which time however, and yet, while nevertheless, representing the principal sentence as concessive, analogous to qui tamen (v. tamen).(α).With indic., like qui tamen, always, except for particular reasons:(β).fit gemitus omnium et clamor, cum tamen a praesenti supplicio tuo continuit populus Romanus se, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 29, § 74; id. Pis. 12, 27; Liv. 6, 42, 11; Verg. A. 9, 513; Tac. H. 1, 62; so,cum nihilo magis,
Nep. Dat. 10, 3; passing over into inverted cum clauses (4. b.), as Sall. J. 98, 2; Liv. 27, 20, 11.—With subj., Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; Liv. 4, 31, 6 (where the clause with cum is adverbial).—6.Cum interea (interim).a.Adverbial (rare).(α).Temporal with subj.; with subj. imperf., while, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62; with pluperf. subj., after, id. ib. 1, 2, 9, § 25; id. Fam. 15, 43.—(β).Adversative, with subj., whereas during this time. (1) Pres.:b.simulat se eorum praesidio conflteri, cum interea aliud quiddam jam diu machinetur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15; Val. Max. 2, 9, 1; Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 14.—(2) With perf. subj.:cum tu interim vero numquam significaris sententiam tuam,
Cic. Pis. 4, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11 dub.; Val. Max. 7, 8, 6.—(3) With imperf. subj., Cic. Sull. 5, 6; Plin. Pan. 76, 1.—Relative, always with indic., in class. writings always referring to a period during which, belonging,(α).To the attributive clauses (v. 2. supra). (1) In pres.:(β).anni sunt octo... cum interea Cluentianae pecuniae vestigium nullum invenitis,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; Liv. 5, 54, 5; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 33.— (2) In imperf., Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 8 (2. c.).—To the inverted clauses (4.):(γ).tanta erat in his locis multitudo cum interim Rufio noster... hominem percussit,
Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2.—So probably: cum interim Gallus quidam processit, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 5; id. Pis. 38, 92 sq.; id. Tusc. 4, 3, 6; Sall. J. 12, 5; 49, 4; Liv. 3, 37, 5; Val. Max. 8, 1, 3; 9, 7, 2; Sen. Ira, 2, 33, 4; Tac. H. 1, 60; with indefinite pres. indic. in both terms, Sen. Cons. Marc. 11, 5.—To the additional clauses (5.). (1) With perf. indic., Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 3; Flor. 4, 2, 69; 4, 12, 33; with inf. in oblique discourse, Liv. 4, 51, 4; 6, 27, 6.—(2) Post-Aug., and in Nep., = cum tamen (5. b.), while nevertheless, whereas, with pres. or perf. indic.:F.post Leuctricam pugnam Lacedaemonii se numquam refecerunt... cum interim Agesilaus non destitit patriam juvare,
Nep. Ages. 7, 1: cum interim Oedipodis ossa... colis, Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3; 3, 4, 5; 4, 4, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 18; 10, 1, 11; 12, 10, 67; Tac. H. 4, 42; Suet. Claud. 6; Flor. 4, 12, 33.In clauses completing the idea of the governing verb.1.After verbs of perception (videre, perspicere, audire, etc.; audivi cum diceres, etc. = audivi te dicentem).a.Dependent on verbs of seeing and feeling.(α).With indic.:(β).nam ipsi vident eorum quom auferimus bona ( = nos auferre or auferentes),
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 16; id. Poen. 3, 4, 13; id. Am. 5, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 65; id. Mil. 2, 6, 26:conspectum est cum obiit,
Liv. 5, 25, 3.—With subj.:b.is... numquam est conspectus cum veniret,
Cic. Sest. 59, 126:vidi... Cum tu terga dares,
Ov. M. 13, 224.—After verbs of hearing, always with subj.:c.L. Flaccum ego audivi cum diceret Caeciliam exisse, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104; id. Par. 6, 1, 45; id. de Or. 2, 6, 22; 2, 28, 129; 2, 33, 144; 2, 37, 155; 2, 90, 365; id. Brut. 27, 85; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; id. Fam. 3, 7, 4; Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—After memini, with indic. (sc. tempus):2.memini quom... haud audebat,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 53:memini cum mihi desipere videbare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 1.—With subj.:memini cum velles residere ferventissimo sole,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—After verba adfectuum, with the force of quod, always with indic. (mostly ante-class.).a.Verbs of thanking:b.habeo gratiam tibi Quom copiam istam mi et potestatem facis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 14; id. Curc. 5, 3, 21; id. As. 3, 2, 2; id. Most. 2, 2, 2; id. Poen. 1, 2, 46; 5, 4, 84 (99); Ter. And. 4, 4, 32; id. Ad. 1, 2, 59:tibi maximas gratias ago, cum tantum litterae meae potuerunt, ut eis lectis, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24, 2.—Of congratulation:c.quom tu's aucta liberis... gratulor,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 33; 2, 6, 35: L. Caesar, O mi Cicero, inquit, gratulor tibi cum tantum vales apud Dolabellam, etc., L. Caesar ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 3; and ib. Att. 14, 17, A, 3.—Of rejoicing and grieving:d.quom istaec res tibi ex sententia Pulcre evenit, gaudeo,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 10; id. Poen. 5, 5, 48:cum vero in C. Matii familiaritatem venisti, non dici potest quam valde gaudeam,
Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; Sall. J. 102, 5.—Dependent on optative sentences:G.di tibi bene faciant semper quom advocatus bene mi ades,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 19.Elliptical usages (without predicate).1.Cum maxime.a.With ut: hanc Bacchidem Amabat, ut quom maxime, tum Pamphilus ( = ut amabat tum quom maxume amabat, as much as he ever did), Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40:b.etiamne ea neglegamus, quae fiunt cum maxime, quae videmus?
Cic. Har. Resp. 15, 32.—Hence,By abbreviation: nunc cum maxime or cum maxime alone, now especially, just now: tum cum maxime, just then:2.nunc cum maxume operis aliquid facere credo,
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 2; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 26; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 40:quae multos jam annos et nunc cum maxime filium interfectum cupit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12:castra amissa, et tum cum maxime ardere,
Liv. 40, 32, 1; Curt. 3, 2, 17; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 3; id. Ben. 3, 3, 3; id. Ep. 55, 1; 55, 11; 81, 7; Tac. Or. 16; 37; Eum. pro Schol. 4; Mamert. 2.—With maxime in adverbial clauses, just while, especially when, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 3; id. Off. 1, 13, 41; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 1, 50, 7; 2, 59, 7; 3, 25, 4; 3, 31, 3; 4, 3, 1; 8, 33, 4 et saep.—Similarly with other superlatives (post-class.):H.foliis ternis, aut, cum plurimum, quaternis,
at the utmost, Plin. 25, 10, 74, § 121; 18, 7, 10, § 60:cum tardissime,
id. 18, 7, 10, § 51:cum longissime,
Suet. Tib. 38.For co-ordinate clauses with cum... tum, v. tum, I. A. 3.II.Causal, since, because, as.A.Anteclass., chiefly with indic.1.With pres. indic.:2.hoc hic quidem homines tam brevem vitam colunt, Quom hasce herbas hujus modi in suom alvom congerunt,
because, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 34; id. Truc. 1, 2, 50; 2, 4, 8:edepol, merito esse iratum arbitror, Quom apud te tam parva'st ei fides,
since, id. Ps. 1, 5, 62; id. Most. 1, 1, 28; id. Truc. 2, 1, 32; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 30; id. Hec. 4, 1, 53.—With perf. indic.:3.praesertim quom is me dignum quoi concrederet Habuit, me habere honorem ejus ingenio decet,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 66; Ter. And. 3, 2, 8.—With subj.a.By construction of principal sentence: adeon, me fuisse fungum ut qui illi crederem, Quom mi ipsum nomen ejus Clamaret, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 51; id. Capt. 1, 2, 37; Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6; id. Eun. 3, 5, 18; 5, 2, 24.—b.Independent of such construction:B.jam istoc probior es meo quidem animo quom in amore temperes,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8 (bracketed by Goetz;Brix conjectures temperas): nil miror si lubenter tu hic eras, Quom ego servos quando aspicio hunc lacrumem quia dijungimur,
id. Mil. 4, 8, 18 Lorenz (Brix: quin ego... lacrumo; cf.Lubbert, Grammat. Stud. II. pp. 133, 137): Nam puerum injussu eredo non tollent meo, Praesertim in ea re quom sit mi adjutrix socrus,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 82; so id. Ad. 2, 1, 12.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.With pres. subj.:2.cum ista sis auctoritate, non debes arripere maledictum ex trivio,
Cic. Mur. 6, 13:cum vita sine amicis insidiarum et metus plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias comparare,
id. Fin. 1, 20, 66:quae cum ita sint, videamus, etc.,
id. Clu. 44, 123:quod cum ita sit, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; id. Mur. 1, 2; id. Arch. 5, 10; id. Off. 3, 3, 13; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 9, 5; 21, 21, 5 et saep.—With perf. subj.:3.cum inimicitiae fuerint numquam, opinio injuriae beneficiis sit exstincta... rei publicae providebo,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; id. de Or. 1, 49, 214; the perf. subj. is often retained after a principal predicate in a past tense, id. Clu. 60, 167; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4.—With imperf. subj.a.Denoting both cause and coincidence of time:b.vacuum fundum, cum ego adessem, possidere non potuisti,
Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; Cic. Or. 8, 25:cum tanta multitudo lapides et tela conicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6; id. B. C. 3, 1; Liv. 39, 31, 3; 4, 8, 3; 25, 11, 1.—Denoting cause without time:4.cum esset egens, sumptuosus, audax... ad omnem fraudem versare suam mentem coepit,
Cic. Clu. 26, 70:quod oppidum cum esset altissimo et munitissimo loco, ad existimationem imperii arbitratus sum, comprimere eorum audaciam,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 10; Caes. B. C. 3, 37.—With pluperf. subj.:C.Caesar cum constituisset hiemare in continenti, neque multum aestatis superesset, obsides imperat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 22.With adverbs of emphasis.1.Praesertim cum, or cum praesertim, = especially since, the more so because:2.quae cum ita sint, quid est quod de ejus civitate dubitetis, praesertim cum aliis quoque civitatibus fuerit adscriptus?
Cic. Arch. 5, 10:cur enim tibi hoc non gratificor nescio, praesertim cum his temporibus audacia pro sapientia liceat uti,
id. Fam. 1, 10, 1:cum praesertim vos alium miseritis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16 (cum praesertim rarely refers to time, with indic., Sen. Ep. 85, 6).—Quippe cum represents the conclusion as selfevident, since of course, since obviously:3.nihil est virtute amabilius, quippe cum propter virtutem etiam eos, quos numquam videmus, quodammodo diligamus,
Cic. Lael. 8, 28:numquam ego pecunias istorum, etc., in bonis rebus duxi, quippe cum viderem, etc.,
id. Par. 1, 1, 6; id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; 1, 20, 54; id. Fin. 3, 12, 41; 5, 28, 84; Liv. 4, 27, 8; 4, 57, 10.—Sometimes with indic. if cum refers to time, when of course, if, of course: tu vero etiam si reprehenderes... laetarer: quippe cum in reprehensione est prudentia cum eumeneiai, Cic. Att. 16, 11, 2.—In later writers with indic., because when:omnia experiri necessitas cogebat: quippe cum primas spes fortuna destituit, futura praesentibus videntur esse potiora,
Curt. 4, 1, 29.—Utpote cum, seeing that, explanatory, with subj.:III.me incommoda valetudo qua jam emerseram, utpote cum sine febri laborassem, tenebat Brundusii,
Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1; Cels. 1 prooem.; Sen. Cons. Marc. 21, 2.Adversative, while, whereas, denoting a logical contrast with the principal sentence.A.Ante-class., chiefly,1.With indic.:2.hei mihi, insanire me aiunt, ultro quom ipsi insaniunt,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 80; id. Stich. 1, 37; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 5; Ter. Phorm. prol. 23; 2, 2, 26.—Subj.a.By construction of principal predicate:b.tibi obtemperem quom tu mihi nequeas?
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 16 (4, 1, 50).—Independent of construction: edepol, Cupido, quom tam pausillus sis, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. p. 421, 25 (Lubbert conjectures quom [p. 496] tu's tam pausillus):B.eo vos madefacitis, quom ego sim hic siccus?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.With pres. subj.:2.cum de bonis et de caede agatur, testimonium dicturus est is qui et sector est et sicarius,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 103; id. Clu. 24, 65; id. Leg. 1, 7, 22:et cum tibi, viro, liceat purpura in veste stragula uti, matrem familias tuam purpureum amiculum habere non sines?
Liv. 34, 7, 3; Sen. Prov. 4, 10; id. Clem. 1, 18, 2; id. Ben. 2, 16, 1.—With perf. subj.: an tu, cum omnem auctoritatem universi ordinis pro pignore putaris, eamque... concideris, me his existimas pignoribus terreri? Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4:3.indignatur exul aliquid sibi deesse, cum defuerit Scipioni dos?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 12, 7; id. Ira, 3, 12, 7; freq. pres. and perf. subj. retained, if dependent on preterites, Cic. Brut. 71, 250; id. Agr. 3, 2, 5.—With imperf. subj.:4.ita, cum maximis eum rebus liberares, perparvam amicitiae culpam relinquebas,
Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:hunc Egnatium censores, cum patrem eicerent, retinuerunt,
id. Clu. 48, 135:eorum erat V. milium numerus, cum ipsi non amplius octingentos equites haberent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 11; Liv. 1, 55, 3; Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 1; 1, 53, 227; 2, 50, 203; id. Clu. 5, 12; id. Ac. 1, 10, 38 sq.; Liv. 39, 49, 1; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11; 3, 2, 10 fin. —With pluperf. subj.:IV.Socratis ingenium immortalitati scriptis suis Plato tradidit, cum ipse litteram Socrates nullam reliquisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 60; id. Ac. 2, 1, 2; id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; Val. Max. 1, 8, 11.Concessive, although, denoting a reason for the contrary of the principal sentence.A.Ante-class., mostly with indic.1.Indic.:2.qui it lavatum In balineas, quom ibi sedulo sua vestimenta servat, Tam subripiuntur,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 26; id. Truc. 1, 2, 89 (95); id. Stich. 1, 2, 67.—With subj.: nihilominus ipsi lucet, quom illi accenderit, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. Rel. v. 389 Rib.).B.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.Pres. subj.:2.testis est Graecia, quae cum eloquentiae studio sit incensa, jamdiuque excellat in ea... tamen omnis artis vetustiores habet,
Cic. Brut. 7, 26:nam (Druentia) cum aquae vim vehat ingentem, non tamen navium patiens est,
Liv. 21, 31, 11.—Imperf. subj.:3.ego autem, cum consilium tuum probarem, et idem ipse sentirem, nihil proficiebam,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non poterant tamen, cum cuperent, Apronium imitari,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78; id. de Or. 1, 28, 126; id. Brut. 7, 28; 91, 314; id. Inv. 2, 31, 97; id. Clu. 40, 110; Caes. B. G. 5, 40; Liv. 5, 38, 5; Nep. Att. 13, 1; so,quae cum ita essent... tamen,
although this was so, Cic. Clu. 34, 94; id. Fam. 2, 16, 2.—With pluperf. subj.:V.cui cum Cato et Caninius intercessissent, tamen est perscripta,
Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 4:patrem meum, cum proscriptus non esset, jugulastis,
id. Rosc. Am. 11, 32.In hypothetical clauses, always with imperf. or pluperf. subj., = si, but defining an assumed or fictitious time.1.With imperf. subj.:2.quis ex populo, cum Scaevolam dicentem audiret in ea causa, quicquam politius aut elegantius exspectaret?
Cic. Brut. 55, 194:etiam tum quiesceretis cum rem publicam a facinorosissimis sicariis esse oppressam videretis?
id. Sest. 38, 81; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, §§ 28 and 29.—With pluperf. subj.:quod esset judicium cum de Verris turpissimo comitatu tres recuperatorum nomine adsedissent?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30:mors cum exstinxisset invidiam, res ejus gestae sempiterni nominis glorianiterentur,
id. Balb. 6, 16. -
19 cum
1.cum (archaic form COM, found in an inscr., COM PREIVATVD; in MSS. sometimes quom or quum), prep. with abl. [for skom, Sanscr. root sak, together; cf. sequor, and Gr. koinos, sun], designates in gen. accompaniment, community, connection of one object with another (opp. sine, separatim, etc.), with, together, together with, in connection or company with, along with; sometimes also to be translated and.I.In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 95:b.qui cum Amphitruone abiit hinc in exercitum,
id. ib. prol. 125:cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano,
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4:semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine eā,
id. Mil. 21, 55:quibuscum essem libenter,
id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; cf.:cum quibus in ceteris intellegis afuisse,
id. Sull. 3, 7:si cenas hodie mecum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 70:vagamur egentes cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:errare malo cum Platone, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 39:qui unum imperium unumque magistratum cum ipsis habeant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3 et saep.—In an expression of displeasure:B.in' hinc, quo dignus, cum donis tuis Tam lepidis,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 9; cf. Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 33; Ter. And. 5, 4, 38; id. Eun. 1, 2, 73; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 7 al.—In a designation of time with which some action concurs:C.egone abs te abii hinc hodie cum diluculo?
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 121; so,cum primo luci,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 58:cras cum filio cum primo luci ibo hinc,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf.:cum primā luce,
id. Att. 4, 3, 4; and:cum primo lumine solis,
Verg. A. 7, 130: cum primo mane, Auct. B. Afr. 62: cum mane, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 372 P:pariter cum ortu solis,
Sall. J. 106, 5:pariter cum occasu solis,
id. ib. 68, 2; cf.:cum sole reliquit,
Verg. A. 3, 568 et saep.:mane cum luci simul,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 31; v. simul: exiit cum nuntio (i. e. at the same time with, etc.), Caes. B. G. 5, 46; cf.: cum his nuntius Romam ad consulendum redit ( = hama toisde), Liv. 1, 32, 10:simul cum dono designavit templo Jovis fines,
id. 1, 10, 5; cf.:et vixisse cum re publicā pariter, et cum illā simul extinctus esse videatur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 10.—In designating the relations, circumstances, way, and manner with which any act is connected, by which it is accompanied, under or in which it takes place, etc., with, in, under, in the midst of, among, to, at: aliquid cum malo suo facere, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 4; cf.:b.cum magnā calamitate et prope pernicie civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:cum summā rei publicae salute et cum tuā peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:cum magno provinciae periculo,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:cum summo probro,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 10: cum summo terrore hominum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 6:cum summā tuā dignitate,
Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:cum bonā alite,
Cat. 61, 19:ferendum hoc onus est cum labore,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:multis cum lacrimis aliquem obsecrare,
amid many tears, Caes. B. G. 1, 20; cf.:hunc ipsum abstulit magno cum gemitu civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49:orare cum lacrimis coepere,
Liv. 5, 30, 5:si minus cum curā aut cautelā locus loquendi lectus est,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 6 Ritschl; so,cum curā,
Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 70; Sall. J. 54, 1; Liv. 22, 42, 5 et saep.; cf.:cum summo studio,
Sall. C. 51, 38:cum quanto studio periculoque,
Liv. 8, 25, 12 al.:cum multā venustate et omni sale,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 9:summā cum celeritate ad exercitum rediit,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 52:maximo cum clamore involant,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 89:cum clamore,
Liv. 2, 23, 8; 5, 45, 2:cum clamore ac tumultu,
id. 9, 31, 8; cf.:Athenienses cum silentio auditi sunt,
id. 38, 10, 4; 7, 35, 1:illud cum pace agemus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83:cum bonā pace,
Liv. 1, 24, 3; 21, 24, 5:cum bonā gratiā,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:cum bonā veniā,
Liv. 29, 1, 7; cf.:cum veniā,
Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 104; Quint. 10, 1, 72:cum virtute vivere,
Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 29; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 34:cum judicio,
Quint. 10, 1, 8:cum firmā memoriā,
id. 5, 10, 54:legata cum fide ac sine calumniā persolvere,
Suet. Calig. 16:spolia in aede... cum sollemni dedicatione dono fixit,
Liv. 4, 20, 3.—Attributively, with subst.:2.et huic proelium cum Tuscis ad Janiculum erat crimini,
Liv. 2, 52, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:frumenti cum summā caritate inopia erat,
id. 2, 12, 1; 2, 5, 2; 7, 29, 3.—Cum eo quod, ut, or ne (in an amplification or limitation), with the circumstance or in the regard that, on or under the condition, with the exception, that, etc. (except once in Cic. epistt. not ante-Aug.).(α).Cum eo quod, with indic., Quint. 12, 10, 47 Spald.; 10, 7, 13; so,(β).cum eo quidem, quod, etc.,
id. 2, 4, 30. —With subj.:sit sane, quoniam ita tu vis: sed tamen cum eo, credo, quod sine peccato meo fiat,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 7.—With ut:(γ).Antium nova colonia missa cum eo, ut Antiatibus permitteretur, si et ipsi adscribi coloni vellent,
Liv. 8, 14, 8; so id. 8, 14, 2; 30, 10, 21; 36, 5, 3; Cels. 3, 22.—So with tamen:cum eo tamen, ut nullo tempore is... non sit sustinendus,
Cels. 3, 5 fin.; 4, 6 fin. —With ne:3.obsequar voluntati tuae cum eo, ne dubites, etc.,
Col. 5, 1, 4:cum eo, ne amplius quam has urant,
Cels. 7, 22; and with tamen:cum eo tamen, ne, etc.,
id. 2, 17.—Cum dis volentibus, etc., with God's help, by the will of the gods, sun theôi:4.cum divis volentibus quodque bene eveniat mando tibi, Mani, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 141, 1: volentibu' cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38:agite, cum dis bene juvantibus arma capite,
Liv. 21, 43, 7; so,cum superis,
Claud. Cons. Stil. III. p. 174.—Cum with an ordinal number (cum octavo, cum decimo, etc.) for our - fold, in economical lang., of the multiplication of cultivated products:D.ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quinto decimo,
ten-, fifteenfold, Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 1; so,cum octavo, cum decimo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:cum centesimo,
Plin. 18, 10, 21, § 95; cf. with a subst.:cum centesimā fruge agricolis faenus reddente terrā,
id. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—With a means or instrument, considered as attending or accompanying the actor in his action (so most freq. anteclass., or in the poets and scientific writers): acribus inter se cum armis confligere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 6: effundit voces proprio cum pectore, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 424: cum voce maximā conclamat, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 10:II.cum linguā lingere,
Cat. 98, 3:cum suo gurgite accepit venientem (fluvius),
Verg. A. 9, 816:cum vino et oleo ungere,
Veg. 1, 11, 8 et saep.:terra in Augurum libris scripta cum R uno,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 21 Müll.In partic.A.Completing the meaning of verbs.1.With verbs of union, connection, and agreement: cum veteribus copiis se conjungere, Caes. B. G. 1, 37:2.ut proprie cohaereat cum narratione,
Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11:(haec) arbitror mihi constare cum ceteris scriptoribus,
id. 1, 9, 16:interfectam esse... convenit mihi cum adversariis,
id. 1, 10, 17; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 31:quī autem poterat in gratiam redire cum Oppianico Cluentius?
id. Clu. 31, 86:hanc sententiam cum virtute congruere semper,
id. Off. 3, 3, 13:foedera quibus etiam cum hoste devincitur fides,
id. ib. 3, 31, 111:capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:cum aliquo in gratiam redire,
id. 3, 58, 4:stabat cum eo senatūs majestas,
id. 8, 34, 1:conjurasse cum Pausaniā,
Curt. 7, 1, 6:Autronium secum facere,
Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf. also conecto, colligo, consentio, compono, etc.—Of companionship, association, sharing, etc.:3.cum his me oblecto, qui res gestas aut orationes scripserunt suas,
Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 61:quoniam vivitur, non cum perfectis hominibus, sed cum iis, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 15, 46:nulla (societas) carior quam ea quae cum re publicā est unicuique nostrum,
id. ib. 1, 17, 51:cum civibus vivere,
id. ib. 1, 34, 124:cum M. Fabio mihi summus usus est,
id. Fam. 9, 25, 2; cf.:cum quibus publice privatimque hospitia amicitiasque junxerant,
Liv. 1, 45, 2:partiri cum Dinaeā matre jussit,
Cic. Clu. 7, 21:cum Baebio communicare,
id. ib. 16, 47; cf.of local association, nearness: cum mortuā jugulatum servum nudum positurum ait,
Liv. 1, 58, 4:duos tamen pudor cum eo tenuit,
id. 2, 10, 5.—Of intercourse, traffic, etc.:4.cum aliquo agere,
to deal with, Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:cum eo Accius injuriarum agit,
Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:si par est agere cum civibus,
Cic. Off. 2, 23, 83; 3, 22, 88; id. Scaur. 10, 20; cf. id. Fam. 5, 18, 1; Liv. 1, 19, 7; 3, 9, 13; 4, 15, 2; Val. Max. 4, 3, 8:si mihi cum Peripateticis res esset,
Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112:tecum enim mihi res est,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:uni tibi et cum singulis res est,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:pacem cum Sabinis facere,
Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109.—Esp.: agere cum aliquo, to have a lawsuit with, Gai Inst. 4, 87; 4, 114 et saep.; v. ago, II. B. 8. a., and II. B. 9.; consisto, I. B. 5.; cf. also pango, etc.—Of deliberation and discussion:5.haec ego cum ipsis philosophis disserebam,
Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 57:tempus cum conjuratis consultando absumunt,
Liv. 2, 4, 3 et saep.; v. also cogito, reputo, dubito, etc.—Of strife, difference, etc.:6.quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1:cum Cleanthe quam multis rebus Chrysippus dissidet!
Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 143:neque tam quererer cum deo quod, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 25, 81:cum quo Antiochum saepe disputantem audiebam,
id. ib. 2, 4, 11:cum stomacheretur cum Metello,
id. Or. 2, 66, 267:manu cum hoste confligere,
id. Off. 1, 23, 81:utilia cum honestis pugnare,
id. ib. 3, 7, 34: cum Catone dissentire. id. ib. 3, 22, 88:cum majoribus nostris bella gessit,
id. Scaur. 19, 45; Liv. 1, 35, 7; 7, 22, 4:cum Auruncis bellum inire,
id. 2, 16, 8; cf.:cum Volscis aequo Marte discessum est,
id. 2, 40, 14:inimicitias cum Africano gerere,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3:cum Scipione dissentire,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 12:cum utrāque (uxore) divortium fecit,
Suet. Claud. 26; cf. also certo, pugno, discrepo, differo, distraho, dissentio, etc.—Of comparison:B.nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā,
Cic. Ac. 2, 5, 14:hanc rationem dicendi cum imperatoris laude comparare,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 8:conferam Sullamne cum Junio,
id. Clu. 34, 94:(orationem) cum magnitudine utilitatis comparare,
id. Off. 2, 6, 20.—Pregn., implying the notion of being furnished, endowed, clothed with any thing, or of possessing, holding, suffering under, etc., in a lit. and trop. sense: ille vir haud magnā cum re sed plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (cf. the antith.:C.hominem sine re, sine fide,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78):a portu illuc nunc cum laternā advenit,
Plaut. Am. prol. 149:cadus cum vino,
id. Stich. 5, 1, 7; cf. id. Pers. 2, 3, 15:olla cum aquā,
Cato, R. R. 156:arcula cum ornamentis,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 91:fiscos cum pecuniā Siciliensi,
Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22:onerariae naves cum commeatu,
Liv. 30, 24, 5 et saep.:cum servili schemā,
Plaut. Am. prol. 117;so of clothing,
id. Rud. 1, 4, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54; 2, 5, 13, § 31; [p. 490] id. Rab. Post. 10, 27; Liv. 35, 34, 7; Suet. Claud. 13; Sil. 1, 94 et saep.:ut ne quis cum telo servus esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7;so of weapons,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 19; cf.:inmissi cum falcibus, etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 23, 65:vidi argenteum Cupidinem cum lampade,
holding, id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115:simulacrum Cereris cum faucibus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 49, §109: cum elephanti capite puer natus,
Liv. 27, 11, 5; cf.:cum quinque pedibus natus,
id. 30, 2, 10; 33, 1, 11; 27, 4, 14 al.: omnia cum pulchris animis Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 1; cf.Ter. ib.: Minucius cum vulnere gravi relatus in castra,
Liv. 9, 44, 14:te Romam venisse cum febri,
Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1; so id. de Or. 3, 2, 6; id. Clu. 62, 175: cum eisdem suis vitiis nobilissimus, with all his faults, i. e. in spite of, id. ib. 40, 112:ex eis qui cum imperio sint,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 3 Manut.; cf.:cum imperio aut magistratu,
Suet. Tib. 12 Bremi; v. imperium.—With idem (never of the identity of two subjects, but freq. of the relation of two subjects to the same object, etc.;D.v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 538): tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:quandoque tu... omnibus in eisdem flagitiis mecum versatus es,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187:Numidae... in eādem mecum Africā geniti,
Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 2; Val. Max. 6, 5, 3.—In the adverb. phrase, cum primis, with the foremost, i.e. especially, particularly (rare), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68; id. Brut. 62, 224.—Post-class. also as one word: cumprīmis, Gell. 1, 12, 7 al.► a.Cum in anastrophe. So always with the pers. pron.: mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 45, 154; Prisc. pp. 949 and 988 P.; and in gen. with the rel. pron.:b.quocum (quīcum), quacum, quibuscum, quīcum (for quocum),
Cic. Or. 45, 154; Liv. 38, 9, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, §§ 76 and 77; Caes. B. G. 1, 8; Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Att. 4, 9, 2; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Quint. 8, 6, 65; 10, 5, 7; 11, 2, 38. But where cum is emphatic, or a demonstrative pron. is understood, cum is placed before the rel.; cf.:his de rebus velim cum Pompeio, cum Camillo, cum quibus vobis videbitur, consideretis,
Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3:adhibuit sibi quindecim principes cum quibus causas cognovit,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82; Liv. 1, 45, 2.—Before et... et, connecting two substt.:III.cum et diurno et nocturno metu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66.In compounds the primitive form com was alone in use, and was unchanged before b, p, m: comburo, compono, committo, and a few words beginning with vowels: comes, comitium, and comitor; m was assimilated before r: corripio; often before l: colligo or conligo; rarely before n, as connumero, but usually dropped: conecto, conitor, conubium; with the change of m into n before all the remaining consonants: concutio, condono, confero, congero, conqueror, consumo, contero, convinco; so, conjicio, etc., but more usually conicio; and with the rejection of m before vowels and before h: coarguo, coëo, coinquino, coopto, cohibeo.—B.It designates,1.A being or bringing together of several objects: coëo, colloquor, convivor, etc.: colligo, compono, condo, etc.—2.The completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signif. of the simple word, as in commaculo, commendo, concito, etc., comminuo, concerpo, concido, convello, etc.2.Cum (ante-class. quom; freq. in MSS. of Cicero; the post-class. form quum is incorrectly given in many MSS. and edd.), conj. [pronom. stem ka- or kva- with acc. case ending].I.Of time, when, as, while, sometimes = after, since.A.In adverbial clauses dependent on non-preterite predicates.1.The time designated by cum being indefinite, when, if, whenever, always with indic., except in the instances A. 2.a.Cum with pres. indic., often equivalent to si.(α).With principal predicate in pres.:(β).nam omnes id faciunt quom se amari intellegunt,
Plaut. Truc. prol. 17:facile, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 9; Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 44; id. Poen. 4, 2, 20; id. Truc. 1, 1, 46; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 11:cum semen maturum habet, tum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; 41: quid? tum cum es iratus, permittis illi iracundiae dominationem animi tui? Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59:cum permagna praemia sunt, est causa peccandi,
id. Off. 3, 20, 79; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87:quidam vivere tunc incipiunt cum desinendum est,
Sen. Ep. 23, 11.—With principal predicate in fut. (rare):(γ).ad cujus igitur fidem confugiet cum per ejus fidem laeditur cui se commiserit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; id. Leg. 3, 10, 24; id. Fl. 17, 40; Verg. A. 12, 208.—With principal predicate in logical perf. (mostly poet.):b.haud invito ad auris sermo mi accessit tuos, Quom te postputasse omnis res prae parente intellego,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 33:qui cum levati morbo videntur, in eum de integro inciderunt,
Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 2:(dolor) Cum furit... Profuit incensos aestus avertere ( = prodest),
Verg. G. 3, 457:nemo non, cum alteri prodest, sibi profuit,
Sen. Ep. 81, 19; Cic. Att. 4, 18, 1; Liv. 8, 8, 11; Verg. A. 9, 435; id. G. 1, 288.—With logical perf. indic.(α).With principal predicate in pres. (very freq.), the perf. translated either by English pres. perf. or by pres.: omnia sunt incerta cum a jure discessum est, when we ( once) disregard the law, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 1:(β).gubernatores cum exultantes loligines viderunt... tempestatem significari putant,
id. Div. 2, 70, 145:cum depulsi sunt agni a matribus, diligentia adhibenda est ne, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17:cum ejus generis copia defecit, ad innocentium supplicia descendunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5:(hostis) cum intravit... modum a captivis non accipit,
Sen. Ira, 1, 8, 2:quia enim, cum prima cognovi, jungere extrema cupio,
Plin. Ep. 7, 10, 1; Cic. Or. 1, 33, 153; id. Div. 2, 26, 56; id. Brut. 24, 93; id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; id. Fam. 6, 3, 3; Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63; Caes. B. G. 4, 33; 5, 21; Liv. 22, 9, 8; 34, 31, 4; Val. Max. 8, 10 prooem.; 9, 6 init.; Sen. Ep. 3, 2; 21, 9; id. Cons. Helv. 13, 2; Curt. 3, 3, 18; Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 60; Quint. 4, 2, 122; 10, 7, 14.—In oblique clauses the perf. indic. may remain, or may be changed into perf. subj., even after preterites, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 26; 2, 20, 69.—With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.), Ov. P. 1, 5, 47.—(γ).With two logical perff. (rare):c.cum id factum est, tamen grex dominum non mutavit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6:quae cum se disposuit... summum bonum tetigit,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 5; id. Tranq. 17, 11; id. Ben. 1, 1, 5. —With fut.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).ita fere officia reperientur, cum quaeretur, quid deceat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 125; Auct. Her. 2, 7, 10; 2, 12, 17.— So with principal predicate in fut. imper:etiam tum cum verisimile erit aliquem commisisse... latratote,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57, id. Mur. 31, 65; id. Att. 3, 8, 4; Liv. 35, 19, 6.—With principal predicate in pres.:d.in talibus... stabilitas amicitiae confirmari potest, cum homines cupiditatibus imperabunt,
Cic. Lael. 22, 82; Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.—With fut. perf.(α).With principal predicate in pres.:(β).quam (spem), cum in otium venerimus, habere volumus,
Cic. Att. 1, 7:nec irascimur illis cum sessorem recusaverint,
Sen. Const. 12, 3; id. Cons. Marc. 7, 2.—With principal predicate in fut. indic.:(γ).cum haec erunt considerata, statim nostrae legis expositione... utemur,
Auct. Her. 2, 10, 15:cum viderit secari patrem suum filiumve, vir bonus non flebit?
Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 1.—In oblique clauses, dependent on preterites, it is changed to the pluperf. subj.:qui tum demum beatum terrarum orbem futurum praedicavit cum aut sapientes regnare, aut reges sapere coepissent,
Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 4.—With principal predicate in fut. imper.:(δ).cum tempestates pluviae fuerint, videtote quot dies, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 2, 3; 25 init.; 38.—With two fut. perff.:e.cum bene cesserit negotiatio, multum militia retulerit,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 6.—In partic.(α).In definitions with pres, indic.:(β).humile genus est (causae) cum contempta res adfertur,
Auct. Her. 1, 3, 5:purgatio est cum factum conceditur, culpa removetur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 15: maxima est capitis deminutio cum aliquis simul et civitatem et libertatem amittit, Gai Inst. 1, 160; Auct. Her. 1, 46; 2, 4, 6; 4, 12, 17; 4, 53, 66 et saep. —Etiam cum (less freq. cum etiam), even when (nearly = etiamsi), always with indic. if dependent on other than preterite predicates. (1) With pres.: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet, quom etiam cavet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:(γ).in quo scelere, etiam cum multae causae convenisse... videntur, tamen non temere creditur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:qui incolunt maritimas urbis, etiam cum manent corpore, animo tamen excursant,
id. Rep. 2, 4, 7; Curt. 6, 3, 10; Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 6.—(2) With fut.:etiam cum potentes nocere intendent,
Sen. Const. 4, 1. —(3) With fut. perf.:cum etiam plus contenderimus, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; Sen. Ben. 4, 13, 3.—(4) In oblique clauses with imperf. subj., Cic. Fragm. Tog. Cand. 15.—Anteclass. with indic. in addressing indefinite persons in rules, after imper.:2.sorba in sapa cum vis condere, arida facias,
Cato, R. R. 7 fin. — Always with indic. if a certain person is addressed; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59 (l. A. 1. a. a supra); id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47.—With subj. referring to indefinite time.a. (α).With pres. subj.:(β).acerbum'st pro benefactis quom mali messim metas,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 53:quom faciem videas, videtur esse quantivis preti,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 15; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 32; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 38; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7 and 8 et saep.:difficile est tacere cum doleas,
Cic. Sull. 10, 31:etiam interpretatio nominis habet acumen cum ad ridiculum convertas,
id. de Or. 2, 63, 257; 2, 64, 259; 2, 67, 269; 2, 75, 305; 3, 38, 156; Sen. Ep. 75, 4 et saep.—With perf. subj.:b.difficile est cum praestare omnibus concupieris, servare aequitatem,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64:quos (versus) cum cantu spoliaveris, nuda paene remanet oratio,
id. Or. 55, 183; id. Lael. 21, 77; id. Inv. 1, 47, 88; Sall. C. 12, 3; 51, 24; 58, 16.—In the jurists, in a clause exemplifying a general rule: cum ergo ita scriptum sit Heres Titius esto, addicere debemus, Gai Inst. 2, 165; so id. ib. 4, 97; 3, 161; Auct. Her. 4, 31, 42.—c.In the phrase audio cum dicat (I. F. 1, b. infra):d.saepe soleo audire Roscium cum ita dicat se, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 129.—When, after cum, an imperfect or pluperfect is used as a logical tense (post-Aug.): non tulit gratis qui cum rogasset accepit, who has asked for the favor, and, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 1, 4; 2, 3, 1; 2, 13, 2; id. Ep. 86, 8.—e.If the principal predicate is a potential subjunctive, an indefinite clause with a present or future after cum is always in the same mood:3.caveto quom ventus siet aut imber, effodias aut seras,
Cato, R. R. 28:quis tam dissoluto animo est qui, haec cum videat, tacere ac neglegere possit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 32; id. Planc. 39, 94; id. Clu. 55, 153; id. Inv. 1, 4, 87; 1, 51, 95; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 32, 43.—Of definite time, always with indic. (for exceptions, v. 4. infra), when, if, while (for the distinction between cum and si, cf.:a.formam mihi totius rei publicae, si jam es Romae, aut cum eris, velim mittas,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 4:quae si prodierit, atque adeo cum prodierit—scio enim proditurum esse—audiet,
id. Rosc. Am. 25, 100:si damnatus eris, atque adeo cum damnatus eris—nam dubitatio quae poterit esse? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; id. Or. 2, 75, 304; Sen. Ep. 83, 10).Cum with pres. indic.(α).Principal predicate in pres.:(β).certe, edepol, quom illum contemplo et formam cognosco meam... nimis simili'st mei,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 288; so id. Poen. 1, 2, 71; id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 45: Py. Ne fle. Ph. Non queo Quom te video, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 14; id. Am. 1, 1, 260; id. Rud. 3, 4, 38:potestne tibi ulla spes salutis ostendi cum recordaris in deos immortalis quam impius... fueris?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47: cum hoc vereor, et cupio tibi... parcere, rursus immuto voluntatem meam ( = while), id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95; Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4:equidem cum... recordor, vix aetatem Alexandri suffecturam fuisse reor ad unum bellum,
Liv. 9, 19, 12; Cic. Planc. 12, 29; id. Clu. 10, 29; Liv. 40, 46, 3:quod cum ita est,
if this is so, Quint. 24, 58 (cf.:quodsi ita est,
Cic. Mur. 2, 5); so,often, nunc cum: qui modo nusquam conparebas, nunc quom conpares, peris,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 2; so id. ib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 2, 17; id. As. 1, 2, 18; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 39:nos de injusto rege nihil loquimur, nunc cum de ipsa regali re publica quaerimus,
Cic. Rep. 3, 35, 47; Liv. 44, 39, 7.—So with logical perf. for the pres., Quint. 4, 2, 122.—But Cicero always uses nunc cum with a subj. when the clause, while designating present time, generally [p. 491] in opposition to a former time, implies a reason for the principal action, now that:quodsi tum, cum res publica severitatem desiderabat, vici naturam, etc., nunc cum omnes me causae ad misericordiam... vocent, quanto tandem studio, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 2, 3, 6; id. Fam. 9, 16, 7; id. Font. 15, 35 (25); id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; 17, 50; not found in later writers, except in the Gallic panegyrists, e. g. Eum. Grat. Act. 2 init. —With principal predicate in the logical perf., if (ante-class.):b.Curculio hercle verba mihi dedit quom cogito,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 27:sed tandem, quom recogito, qui potis est scire, haec scire me?
id. Stich. 2, 1, 29; id. Mil. 4, 8, 64.—Cum with logical perf. indic.(α).Principal predicate in pres.:(β).ergo quom optume fecisti, nunc adest occasio Benefacta cumulare,
after doing excellently, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 63: quo etiam major vir habendus est (Numa), cum illam sapientiam constituendae civitatis duobus prope saeculis ante cognovit, quam, etc. ( = siquidem, if he has; seeing that he has), Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; Verg. A. 9, 249.—With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.):c.at cumst imposta corona, Clamabis capiti vina subisse meo (est imposta = erit imposta),
Prop. 4 (5), 2, 30.—With fut.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).quom videbis tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; id. Am. 3, 3, 15; id. Men. 5, 7, 7; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; id. Heaut. prol. 33:sed cum certum sciam faciam te paulo ante certiorem,
Cic. Fam. 9, 23; 3, 11, 3; 12, 30, 5; 14, 3, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 53, 10.—With principal predicate in fut. perf.:(γ).cum tu haec leges, ego jam annuum munus confecero,
Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—With principal predicate in imper. fut.:(δ).mox quom imitabor Sauream, caveto ne succenseas,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 105; id. Mil. 3, 3, 59.—With principal predicate in subj. (potential):(ε).cum testes ex Sicilia dabo, quem volet ille eligat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48; id. Off. 1, 34, 122; 3, 10, 46; id. Att. 4, 9, 1; 4, 10, 2; 4, 17, 1 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, changed into imperf. subj., Caes. B. C. 2, 40; after other tenses it is either changed into pres. subj. or remains unchanged, Cic. Fam. 1, 56, 2; 1, 7, 4; Sall. C. 58, 8.—d.With fut. perf.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).mox dabo quom ab re divina rediero,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 193; id. Am. 1, 1, 43; 1, 2, 4; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 8:cum haec docuero, tum illud ostendam, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 4, 9; id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 3; id. de Or. 2, 33, 143; 2, 59, 239; id. Att. 3, 23, 5 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, the fut. perf. is changed into pluperf. subj., Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; 28, 78; Liv. 1, 56, 11; 5, 30, 1; after other tenses, and often in oblique oration, it remains unchanged, or is changed into perf. subj., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183; id. Fam. 2, 5, 2 dub.; Liv. 21, 13, 8; 3, 56, 10.—With principal predicate in imper. (almost always fut. imper.):(γ).quod quom dixero, si placuerit, Facitote,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 37:cum ego Granium testem produxero, refellito, si poteris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154; id. Marcell. 9, 27; id. Fam. 16, 4, 3; Tac. A. 1, 22.—With pres. imper., Liv. 24, 38, 7.—With principal predicate in subj. (potential):4.quae cum omnia collegeris, tum ipse velim judices satisne videatur,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 4; id. Or. 13, 41 dub.—In oblique clauses, after non-preterites, the fut. perf. remains unchanged:oro, ne me hodie, cum isti respondero, putetis, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10; id. Clu. 2, 6.—With subj. in definite time.a.Sometimes in oblique construction (3. c. e; 3. d. a).—b.Sometimes by attraction:c.curata fac sint quom a foro redeam domum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 6; 2, 3, 11; id. Stich. 1, 2, 8; id. Curc. 2, 2, 3:non admirere cum ego ipse me id ex te primum audisse confitear?
Cic. Planc. 24, 58. —In the semi-causal connection nunc cum, v. 3, a. a fin. supra.B.In adverbial anterior clauses dependent on preterite predicates, the time of the cum clause preceding that of the principal sentence (always with subj., except in the instances mentioned 2.; 3. a; and 5.), when, after.1.With pluperf. subj. (so generally): quom socios nostros mandisset impius Cyclops, Liv. And. Fragm. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 817 (Lubbert conjectures, without sufficient reason, mandit sex): quom saucius multifariam ibi factus esset, tamen volnus capiti nullum evenit, Cato, Orig. ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:2.portisculus signum cum dare coepisset,
Enn. Ann. v. 234 Vahl.:quom testamento patris partisset bona,
Afran. Com. Rel. v. 50 Rib.: quem quom ibi vidissent Hortensius Postumiusque, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 4, 32; Enn. Ann. v. 241 Vahl.; Turp. Com. Rel. v. 48 Rib.; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 394, 27 (the MSS. reading:quom venisset,
Plaut. As. 2, 3, 15, is corrupt):audivi summos homines cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas,
Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:haec cum Crassus dixisset, silentium est consecutum,
id. ib. 1, 35, 160:cum Thebani Lacedaemonios bello superavissent... aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,
id. Inv. 2, 23, 69:Dionysius cum fanum Proserpinae Locris expilavisset, navigabat Syracusas,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83:eo cum venisset, animadvertit ad alteram ripam magnas esse copias hostium,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18:Tarquinius et Tullia minor... cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur nuptiis,
Liv. 1, 46, 9 et saep. —With pluperf. indic.a.Ante-class. in place of the class. subj.:b.idem me pridem quom ei advorsum veneram, Facere atriensem voluerat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 28:Quid ais? Quom intellexeras, id consilium capere, quor non dixti extemplo,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 38.—If the pluperfect is a virtual imperfect, designating the time at which the main action took place, the principal predicate being likewise in the pluperfect, when the clause would require an indicative if placed in the imperfect (3. a. a): exspectationem nobis non parvam adtuleras cum scripseras Varronem tibi confirmasse, etc. ( = exspectabam cum legebam; cf. C. 3, a. a, 2.), Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 2, where the cum clause is relative; v. E.: Romae haud minus terroris... erat quam fuerat biennio ante cum castra Punica objecta Romanis moenibus fuerant (C. 3. a. a, 1.), Liv. 27, 44, 1; so id. 5, 28, 1; 26, 40, 17; 44, 10, 1.—c.If the clause indicates that the time of the main action is a period, subsequent to that of the action designated by the pluperfect:3.nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant, scimus Romae, solutione impedita, fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:cum ea consecutus nondum eram... tamen ista vestra nomina numquam sum admiratus,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Inv. 2, 42, 124; Caes. B. G. 7, 35; Liv. 24, 7, 1 sq.; Nep. Dat. 6, 5; Curt. 9, 10, 12; Verg. A. 5, 42.—If both predicates denote repeated action, the anterior clause with cum has the pluperf. indic. or subj.a.With pluperf. indic.(α).With principal predicate in imperf. indic. (so almost always in Cicero and Caesar; not in the poets, nor in Vell., Val. Max., Tac., Suet., or Plin.), whenever:(β).cum ad aliquod oppidum venerat, eadem lectica usque ad cubiculum deferebatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27; 2, 1, 46, § 120; 2, 3, 67, § 156; 2, 4, 61, § 137; 2, 5, 10, § 27; id. Fl. 7, 16; 10, 21; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68; id. Or. 32, 113; id. Brut. 24, 93:(Cassi vellaunus) cum equitatus noster se in agros ejecerat, essedarios ex silvis emittebat,
Caes. B. G. 5, 19; 3, 14; 3, 15; 4, 7; 5, 35; 7, 22; id. B. C. 1, 58; Sall. J. 92, 8; 44, 4:cum comminus venerant, gladiis a velitibus trucidabantur,
Liv. 38, 21, 12; Nep. Epam. 3, 6; Sen. Ep. 11, 4; Curt. 3, 10, 8; 3, 10, 11; Quint. 7, 1, 4; Gell. 15, 22, 5; 17, 18, 3; Gai Inst. 4, 15; Pacat. 9.—With principal predicate in perf. indic.:b.Pacuvius qui Syriam usu suam fecit, cum vino... sibi parentaverat,
Sen. Ep. 12, 8; 108, 14.—With pluperf. subj., an imperf. indic. in principal sentence:4.cum fossam latam cubiculari lecto circumdedisset, ejusque transitum... conjunxisset, eum ipse detorquebat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:cum cohortes ex acie procucurrissent, Numidae... effugiebant, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 41:cum in jus duci debitorem vidissent, undique convolabant,
Liv. 2, 27, 8; 25, 3, 11; 5, 48, 2.—In anterior clauses with imperf. subj.(α).When the principal clause expresses an immediate consequence ( = pluperf. subj.):(β).Demaratus cum audiret dominationem Cypseli confirmari, defugit patriam ( = cum audivisset),
Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34; Caes. B. G. 5, 17 et saep.—Where both verbs relate to one transaction, especially in remarks and replies:(γ).(Epaminondas) cum gravi vulnere exanimari se videret, quaesivit salvusne esset clipeus, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97:cum ex eo quaereretur quid esset dolus magnus, respondebat, etc.,
id. Off. 3. 14, 60; id. Or. 2, 69, 278; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Liv. 3, 71, 4 et saep.—When the principal action takes place during the action of the dependent clause:5.qui cum unum jam et alterum diem desideraretur, neque in eis locis inveniretur... liberti Asuvii in eum invadunt, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38.—For the perf. indic. instead of pluperf. subj. v. C. 1. d. infra.C.In adverbial clauses of coincident time dependent on preterites ( = eo tempore quo), the clause with cum designating the time at which or during which the main action took place, when, as, while.[The theory of the use of tenses and moods in these clauses is not fully settled. The older grammarians require the indicative if cum denotes pure time, but the subjunctive if denoting cause or relations similar to cause. Zumpt and others acknowledge that the rule is frequently not observed, attributing this to the predilection of the Latin language for the subjunctive. Recently Hoffmann (Zeitpartikeln der Lateinischen Sprache, 1st ed. 1860; 2d ed. 1873) and Lubbert (Syntax von Quom, 1870) have advanced the theory that cum requires the indicative if denoting absolute time, but the subjunctive if denoting relative time. They define absolute time as time co-ordinate or parallel with, or logically independent of, the time of the principal action, which performs the function of a chronological date for the principal action, and they consider it as a criterion that the clause might have constituted an independent sentence; while relative time is logically subordinate to the principal action. Hoffmann condenses his theory in the following words: cum with indicative names and describes the time at which the action of the principal sentence took place; cum with the subjunctive, on the contrary, designates the point of time at which, or the space of time during which, the action expressed in the principal sentence commenced or ended. The chief objections to this theory are: (1) Its vagueness.—(2) The facts that in many instances cum with the subjunctive clearly dates the main action (C. 3. a. b, 2, and 4.; C. 3. a. 5.; C. 3. b. b, 3. and 5.; C. 3. b. g infra); that many of the subjunctive clauses with cum may be transformed into independent sentences (C. 3. b. b, 2. and 3. infra); that many indicative clauses with cum are logically subordinate to the main action (C. 3. a. a, 2. infra), and that when both moods are used in two co-ordinated clauses with cum belonging to the same main sentence, Hoffmann must account for the difference of the moods by explanations not drawn from his theory (Cic. Agr. 2, 64, 64; id. Clu. 30, 83; id. Div. 1, 43, 97; id. Fin. 2, 19, 61; id. de Or. 67, 272; Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Liv. 6, 40, 17; 30, 44, 10).—(3) The impossibility of clearly drawing the line between logical co-ordination and subordination; and the fact that, wherever it is drawn, there will be many passages not accounted for (cf. 1. init. and many passages under C. 3. a. a, 3.; C. 3. a. d; C. 3. b. g, etc.).—(4) That the supposed use of cum with the imperfect indicative is inconsistent with the received doctrine that the imperfect always designates a time relative to another time—a difficulty not satisfactorily met by Hoffman's assumption of an aoristic imperfect.]GENERAL RULE.—The predicate after cum is in the perfect indicative (or historical present) if the action is conceived as a point of time coincident with the time of the main action. It is either in the imperfect indicative or in the imperfect subjunctive if the action is conceived as occupying a period of time within which the main action took place (e. g.:1.quid enim meus frater ab arte adjuvari potuit, cum... furem se videre respondit? Quid in omni oratione Crassus... cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220;where dicebat might stand for diceret, but not responderet for respondit: cum ad tribum Polliam ventum est, et praeco cunctaretur, etc.,
Liv. 29, 37, 8; cf.:cum tecum Ephesi collocutus sum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 55, 1; and:cum te Puteolis prosequerer,
id. ib. 3, 10, 8: cum primum lex coepta ferri est, Liv 3, 14, 4; and: cum [p. 492] ferretur lex, id. 5, 30, 4;also,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1, and Liv. 3, 58, 7).Both predicates in the perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), both clauses denoting points of time (the principal predicate may be in any verbal form implying a perfect).a.The clause expressing a momentary action:b.posticulum hoc recepit quom aedis vendidit, Flaut. Trin. 1, 2, 157: scilicet qui dudum tecum venit cum pallam mihi Detulisti,
id. Men. 2, 3, 46; prol. 62; id. Poen. 4, 2, 82; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 57; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21 et saep.:non tum cum emisti fundum Tusculanum, in leporario apri fuerunt,
Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 8:in judiciis quanta vis esset didicit cum est absolutus,
Cic. Tog. Cand. Fragm. 4:per tuas statuas vero cum dixit, vehementer risimus,
id. de Or. 2, 59, 242:cum occiditur Sex. Roscius, (servi) ibidem fuerunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120; id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; 1, 4, 11; 2, 2, 66, § 160; 2, 3, 47, § 112; id. Caecin. 29, 85; id. Sest. 55, 157; id. Phil. 2, 9, 21; id. Rep. 6, 22, 24; id. Fam. 9, 15, 2; id. Att. 2, 1, 5 et saep.:tunc flesse decuit cum adempta sunt nobis arma,
Liv. 3, 55, 10; 10, 6, 8; 28, 42, 14; 42, 46, 1; Vitr. 2, 8, 12; 2, 1, 7; 2, 9, 15;6, 7, 4: semel dumtaxat vultum mutavit, tunc cum... anulum in profundum dejecit,
Val. Max. 6, 9, 6; 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 1, ext. 1;9, 8, 1: rerum natura... cum visum est deinde, (filium tuum) repetiit,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 10, 4; 11, 2; id. Q. N. 1, 11, 3; 6, 25, 4:accepimus et serpentem latrasse cum pulsus est regno Tarquinius,
Plin. 8, 41, 63, § 153; 2, 24, 22, § 90; 2, 52, 53, § 139; Suet. Claud. 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 61; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 8; Tib. 3, 5, 18; Mart. 5, 49, 9.—So, cum primum, when first, the first time that, as soon as:jube vinum dari: jam dudum factum'st quom primum bibi,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 40; id. Cas. prol. 17; Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 31; id. And. prol. 1; id. Eun. 3, 3, 4:Pompeius cum primum contionem habuit... ostendit, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 15, 45; id. Fam. 2, 9, 1; Liv. 3, 55, 10; 25, 6, 2; 25, 29, 4; 31, 3, 1; 40, 8, 1; 42, 34, 3; Curt. 6, 11, 23; but with imperf. subj. when referring to a per. of time:ipse cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet, ad exercitum venit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2.—In the poets and later writers, the imperf. subj. often occurs where classic prose has the perf. indic.:effice ut idem status sit cum exigis qui fuit cum promitterem,
Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 4:tum lacrimare debueras cum equo calcaria subderes,
Curt. 7, 2, 6; Suet. Claud. 6; Ov. P. 4, 12, 28.—If the clause denotes a state, condition, or action of longer duration, it takes the perf. indic. if asserted as a complete fact without regard to what happened during its progress (virtual point of time):c.in quem Juppiter se convertit cum exportavit per mare... Europen,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5:ne cum in Sicilia quidem (bellum) fuit... pars ejus belli in Italiam ulla pervasit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6:nempe eo (lituo) Romulus regiones direxit tum cum urbem condidit,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125; id. Lig. 7, 20; id. Rep. 3, 32, 44:non tibi, cum in conspectu Roma fuit, succurrit? etc.,
Liv. 2, 40, 7; 34, 3, 7; Nep. Iphicr. 2, 4; id. Pelop. 4, 3.—With perf. indic., by the time when, before, referring to facts which actually occurred before the action of the principal sentence:d.ab Anaximandro moniti Lacedaemonii sunt ut urbem... linquerent, quod terrae motus instaret, tum cum... urbs tota corruit,
Cic. Div. 1, 50, 112; Liv. 22, 36, 4; 34, 31, 15; Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 53.—With perf. indic. when actions in immediate sequence are represented as coincident:2.ad quem cum accessimus, Appio, subridens, Recipis nos, inquit, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 2:me primus dolor percussit, Cotta cum est expulsus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 303:itaque ne tum quidem cum classem perdidisti, Mamertinis navem imperare ausus es,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59:haec cum facta sunt in concilio, magna spe et laetitia omnium discessum est,
Caes. B. C. 3, 87:cum Thessalos in armis esse nuntiatum est, Ap. Claudium... senatus misit,
Liv. 42, 5, 8:Gracchus cum ex Sardinia rediit, orationem ad populum habuit,
Gell. 15, 12, 1; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2; id. Deiot. 6, 17; id. Top. 16, 61; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; id. Fam. 5, 21, 2; Liv. 4, 44, 10; 4, 60, 8; 9, 25, 2; 22, 14, 12; Nep. Dat. 11, 1; Suet. Caes. 31; Gell. 1, 23, 5; Prop. 3, 20, 37 (4, 21, 7).—Hence a perf. indic. in co-ordination with pluperf. subj.: cum sol nocte visus esset... et cum caelum discessisse visum est (decemviri ad libros ire jussi sunt), Cic. Div. 1, 43, 97.—With a perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), the principal predicate in imperf.a.The action falling within the time of the principal predicate:b.set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis, quom hinc abit?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 107; id. Rud. 3, 6, 9; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:haec Crassi oratio cum edita est, quattuor et triginta tum habebat annos, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 43, 161:eo cum venio, praetor quiescebat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32; 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Fl. 13, 20; id. Pis. 1, 2; id. Lig. 1, 3; id. Phil. 2, 21, 52; 3, 4, 11; id. Fam. 13, 35, 2; id. Att. 6, 1, 13:cum Caesari in Galliam venit, alterius factionis principes erant Aedui, alterius Sequani,
Caes. B. G. 6, 12; Sall. J. 71, 1:cum haec accepta clades est, jam C. Horatius et T. Menenius consules erant,
Liv. 2, 51, 1; 21, 39, 4; 23, 49, 5; 28, 27, 14; 34, 16, 6;45, 39, 1: merito me non adgnoscis, nam cum hoc factum est, integer eram,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 3.—Post-class. writers generally use imperf. subj.:beneficium ei videberis dedisse cui tunc inimicissimus eras cum dares?
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 7:bona quoque, quae tunc habuit cum damnaretur, publicabuntur,
Dig. 28, 18, § 1:pauper Fabricius (erat) Pyrrhi cum sperneret aurum,
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 413.—The action strictly anterior to the principal sentence, rare (1. d.): nam quod conabar cum interventum'st dicere, nunc expedibo, Pac. ap. Non. p. 505, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 65 Rib.):3.cum est ad nos adlatum de temeritate eorum, etc., cetera mihi facillima videbantur... multaque mihi veniebant in mentem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; Sall. C. 51, 32; Verg. A. 6, 515; id. E. 3, 14.—The predicate after cum conceived as a period or space of time (including repeated action) is either in the imperf. indic. or imperf. subj. [In ante-classical writers and Cicero the imperf. indic. very frequent, and largely prevailing over the subj., except that when the principal predicate denotes a point of time (with perf.), Cicero commonly uses the subj.; the imperf. indic. occurs in Cicero 241 times; in Caesar once with the force of a relativeclause (B. G. 1, 40, 5), and 3 times of repeated action; in Nep. once of repeated action (Att. 9, 6); in Sall. twice (J. 31, 20; id. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch); in Liv. 22 times; in Verg. 4 times; in Ovid twice; in Tib. twice; in Prop. 3 times; in Val. Max. twice; then it disappears (except once each in Tac. and Mart.), but reappears in Gaius (3 times), Gellius (twice), and the Gallic panegyrists (several times)].a.Both predicates denoting spaces of time, the principal predicate always in the imperf. indic. unless the mood is changed by other influences.(α).Cum with the imperf. indic. (1) In express or implied opposition to other periods of time, esp. with tum or tunc:(β).eademne erat haec disciplina tibi quom tu adulescens eras?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 17:alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?
Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50; id. Most. 1, 3, 64; id. Mil. 2, 2, 26; Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 222 Vahl.):qui cum plures erant, paucis nobis exaequari non poterant, hi postquam pauciores sunt, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:qui (Pompeius) cum omnes Caesarem metuebamus ipse eum diligebat, postquam ille metuere coepit, etc.,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4:res per eosdem creditores per quos cum tu aderas agebatur,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 1 (cf.:Senatus consultum factum est de ambitu in Afranii sententiam quam ego dixeram cum tu adesses,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 3):Trebellium valde jam diligit: oderat tum cum ille tabulis novis adversabatur,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:non tam id sentiebam cum fruebar, quam tunc cum carebam,
id. Red. Quir. 1, 3:etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiebatur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 111 (so 111 times in Cicero, including the instances where the principal predicate is in the perf.):cum captivis redemptio negabatur, nos vulgo homines laudabant, nunc deteriore condicione sumus, etc.,
Liv. 25, 6, 14; 10, 7, 2; 33, 34, 3; 34, 4, 10; 44, 36, 8; 45, 38, 1; Ov. P. 2, 6, 9; id. M. 13, 473; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1; 4, 1, 10; Mart. 12, 70, 10; Gai Inst. 1, 184; Eum. Grat. Act. 6; cf.: cur eum, cum in consilium iretur, Cluentius et Canutius abesse patiebantur? Cur cum in consilium mittebant, Stajenum judicem qui pecuniam dederant, non requirebant? Cic. Clu. 30, 83 (cum iretur, of the time when the judges retired; cum mittebant, of the previous time, when the parties were asked about the closing of the case; opp. cum iretur).—Poets, even in the class. per., sometimes use the subj. in dependence upon the indic.:hic subito quantus cum viveret esse solebat, Exit humo,
Ov. M. 13, 441. —(2) The principal predicate denoting a mental act or reflection occasioned by, or accompanying the action of the clause with cum (mostly ante-class. and in Cicero):desipiebam mentis cum illa scripta mittebam tibi,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 35; id. Aul. 2, 2, 1; id. Ps. 1, 5, 86:sed tu cum et tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas, et cum eis praedabare, et... non statuebas tibi rationem esse reddendam?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:illas res tantas cum gerebam, non mihi mors, non exsilium ob oculos versabatur?
id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Cat. 3, 1, 3; 3, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; 2, 2, 13, § 33; 2, 2, 35, § 86; 2, 3, 86, § 198; 2, 5, 21, § 54; id. Fl. 1, 1; id. Deiot. 1, 3; 8, 23; id. Pis. 24, 56 and 57; id. Ac. 2, 28, 89; id. Or. 13, 41; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 43; id. Fam. 7, 9, 5 (22 times); Sall. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch (cf.:num P. Decius cum se devoveret, et equo admisso in mediam aciem Latinorum inruebat, aliquid... cogitabat?
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61; cum se devoveret explains the circumstances of inruebat; hence acc. to 3. a. b, 2. in subj.; cf. Madv. ad loc., who reads devoverat).—(3) If the predicate after cum has a meaning peculiar to the imperf. indic., which by the use of the subj. would be effaced: quod erat os tuum, cum videbas eos homines, quorum ex bonis istum anulus aureus donabas? (descriptive imperf.) Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187; so,fulgentis gladios hostium videbant Decii, cum in aciem eorum inruebant,
id. Tusc. 2, 24, 59: cum de plebe consulem non accipiebat ( = accipere nolebat, conative imperf.), id. Brut. 14, 55:cum vim quae esset in sensibus explicabamus, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 12, 37 (the verbum dicendi refers to a certain stage in the discourse, for which Cicero uses the imperf. indic. in independent sentences, e. g. N. D. 3, 29, 71; 3, 6, 15; de Or. 1, 53, 230; 2, 19, 83; 2, 84, 341); so,equidem... risum vix tenebam, cum Attico Lysiae Catonem nostrum comparabas,
id. Brut. 8, 293:cum censebam,
id. de Or. 1, 62, 264:cum dicebam,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 5:cum ponebas,
id. Fin. 2, 19, 63; so esp. in Cicero's letters the phrase cum haec scribebam = while I am writing this, to preserve the meaning of an epistolary tense, referring to a state, condition, or action in progress at the time of writing the letter:res, cum haec scribebam, erat in extremum adducta discrimen,
id. Fam. 12, 6, 2; 3, 12, 2; 5, 12, 2; 6, 4, 1; id. Att. 5, 20, 5 et saep.; cum haec scriberem, scripsissem, scripsi, are not epistolary tenses, but refer to events happening after the letter or part of it was finished, = when I wrote, had written, id. ib. 2, 15, 3; 10, 4, 7; 4, 10, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5; 8, 13, 2;sometimes cum dabam = cum scribebam,
Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 3 (but cf.:cum scriberem, as epistolary tense, in oblique discourse,
id. Att. 15, 13, 7).—(4) The coincidence in time of two actions is made emphatic, = eo ipso tempore quo:tum cum insula Delos... nihil timebat, non modo provinciis sed etiam Appia via jam carebamus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; id. Phil. 1, 15, 36; 13, 8, 17; id. Sull. 10, 31; id. Tusc. 2, 8, 20; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Dom. 45, 118.—The predicate after cum is in the imperf. subj. (1) To impart to the clause a causal, adversative or concessive meaning besides the temporal relation:(γ).antea cum equester ordo judicaret, improbi magistratus in provinciis inserviebant publicanis (a logical consequence),
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:sed cum jam honores (Hortensii) et illa senior auctoritas gravius quiddam requireret, remanebat idem (dicendi genus) nec decebat idem,
id. Brut. 95, 327; id. Phil. 1, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42; 16, 45; id. Pis. 10, 2; Liv. 25, 13, 1; 26, 5, 1.—(2) To indicate circumstances under which the main action took place, and by which it is explained:Flaminius, cum tripudio auspicaretur, pullarius diem differebat, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77: [p. 493] equidem cum peterem magistratum, solebam in prensando dimittere a me Scaevolam, id. de Or. 1, 24, 112; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52; Liv. 41, 1, 2 (cf. 3. b. b, 3.).—(3) To describe the locality of the main action: quom essem in provincia legatus, quam plures ad praetores et consules vinum honorarium dabant, Cato ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 3, 8:Zenonem cum Athenis essem audiebam frequenter,
Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 59; 1, 28, 79; id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; id. Att. 2, 11, 1; 12, 5, 4; 16, 14, 1; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 29; Liv. 5, 54, 3 (cf. 3. b. b, 4.).—(4) To designate the time of the main action as a condition:cum ageremus vitae supremum diem, scribebamus hoc,
Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 54:cum jam in exitu annus esset, Q. Marcius... magistratu abiturus erat,
Liv. 39, 23, 1 (cf. 3. b. b, 5.).—If both the clause with cum and the principal predicate denote repeated action, the predicate with cum in class. prose is in the imperf. indic. or subj. according to the rules under a and b; the principal predicate being always in the imperf. indic.; but in ante-class. writers cum has always the imperf. indic. (1) Imperf. indic.:(δ).tum mi aedes quoque arridebant, quom ad te veniebam, tuae,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Am. 1, 1, 45; id. Rud. 4, 7, 25 sqq.; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 19; Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 5; Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 4; Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 79, 2; Gai Inst. 2, 101; Pacat. Pan. 9 fin.:cum a nostro Catone laudabar vel reprehendi me a ceteris facile patiebar,
Cic. Or. 13, 41; so Nep. Att. 9, 6.—To distinguish from adversative relations, as Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Caes. B. C. 3, 44, 6; Gai Inst. 2, 254.—If only the clause with cum, but not the principal predicate, denotes repeated action, the latter is in the perf., the former in imperf. indic., Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Cic. Arch. 5, 10.—(2) Imperf. subj., mostly denoting circumstances to explain the main action: cum dilectus antiquitus fieret... tribunus militaris adigebat, etc., Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:Hortensius cum partiretur tecum causas, prorogandi locum semper tibi relinquebat,
Cic. Brut. 51, 190; id. Div. 1, 45, 102; id. de Or. 1, 54, 232; id. Brut. 62, 222; Liv. 3, 66, 2; 5, 25, 12:ex hoc effectos panes, cum in colloquiis Pompeiani famem nostris objectarent, vulgo in eos jaciebant (causal),
Caes. B. C. 3, 48; Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62; so,according to class. usage,
Sen. Ep. 86, 11; Curt. 5, 2, 7; 6, 5, 18; 7, 3, 13; Suet. Caes. 65;contrary to class. usage,
Val. Max. 3, 6, 6; Sen. Ep. 30, 7; 77, 8; Tac. H. 2, 91; Spart. Had. 18. —In other instances (which are rare), both moods occur, either without any discrimination, or for special reasons. (1) Ante-class.:b.nam quom modo exibat foras, ad portum se aibat ire,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 2. —(2) Class.:ut, cum L. Opimii causam defendebat, C. Carbo nihil de Gracchi nece negabat, sed id jure factum esse dicebat,
Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 106 (cf.:nuper cum ego C. Sergii Oratae... causam defenderem, nonne omnis nostra in jure versata defensio est?
id. ib. 1, 39, 178; in each of these sentences the clause with cum sustains exactly the same relation to the principal predicate; but the former has the imperf. in the principal sentence, and in this connection Cic. prefers the indic. after cum):similiter arbitror... illum (oratorem) de toto illo genere non plus quaesiturum esse, quid dicat, quam Polycletum illum, cum Herculem fingebat, quem ad modum pellem aut hydram fingeret (fingebat, for euphony, in view of the foll. fingeret),
id. de Or. 2, 16, 70; cf.:nec vero ille artifex cum faceret Jovis formam... contemplabatur aliquem, e quo similitudinem duceret,
id. Or. 2, 9.—Without assignable reason:casu, cum legerem tuas litteras, Hirtius erat apud me,
Cic. Att. 15, 1, 2; cf.:Hasdrubal tum forte cum haec gerebantur, apud Syphacem erat,
Liv. 29, 31, 1:cum haec Romae agebantur, Chalcide Antiochus ipse sollicitabat civitatium animos, etc.,
id. 36, 5, 1; cf.:cum haec in Hispania gererentur, comitiorum jam appetebat dies,
id. 35, 8, 1 (Weissenb. gerebantur):cum haec agebantur, Chalcide erat Antiochus,
id. 36, 15, 1; cf.:cum haec agerentur jam consul via Labicana ad fanum Quietis erat,
id. 4, 41, 8; 35, 2, 1.—(3) PostAug. writers almost always use imperf. subj., disregarding the class. usage: ipsa fruebatur arte cum pingeret (cf. a, 2.), Sen. Ep. 9, 7; id. Cons. Marc. 23, 3; Plin. Pan. 34:tunc erat mendacio locus cum ignota essent externa... nunc vero, etc. (opposition of times),
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 24; so id. Ep. 97, 9; Mart. 2, 61, 1; cf. Don. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13 (3. a. a, 1. supra):cum haec proderem habebant et Caesares juvenes sturnum, etc.,
Plin. 10, 41, 59, § 120.—If the principal predicate denotes a point of time, and the predicate with cum a period of time, the former is in the perf. indic. unless changed by construction; the latter(α).In the imperf. indic., according to the rules a. a, except 2. (1) When the time of the cum clause is opposed to other periods of time:(β).res quom animam agebat tum esse offusam oportuit,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 85; id. Truc. 4, 2, 20; id. Ep. 3, 3, 50 (3, 4, 21); id. Most. 5, 1, 68:quod cum res agebatur nemo in me dixit, id tot annis post tu es inventus qui diceres?
Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 22; id. Rep. 2, 23, 43; id. Div. 1, 41, 92; 1, 45, 101; id. Ac. 2, 28, 90; id. Quint. 19, 60; 17, 54; 19, 61; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210 et saep.; Liv. 22, 60, 25; Verg. A. 4, 597; Tib. 1, 10, 8; 1, 10, 19; Prop. 2, 1, 31; 5 (4), 10, 24.—The subj. may be used if the principal action is represented as a consequence or result:o, Astaphium, haut isto modo solita's me ante appellare, Sed blande, quom illuc quod aput vos nunc est, aput me haberem,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 60 (Lubbert conjectures habebam); Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2 and 3; id. Fin. 4, 27, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 11; id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 130; id. Mur. 3, 8; Liv. 5, 53, 9; 10, 6, 9; 43, 21, 1;44, 39, 7.— Hence the mood may change in co-ordinate clauses: tum, cum haberet haec res publica Luscinos, Calatinos, etc., homines... patientia paupertatis ornatos, et tum, cum erant Catones, Phili, etc., tamen hujusce modi res commissa nemini est (haberet, concessive),
Cic. Agr. 2, 24, 64.—(2) To make emphatic the coincidence of time, = eo ipso tempore (a. a, 4.):cum is triumphus de Liguribus agebatur, Ligures... coloniam ipsam ceperunt,
Liv. 41, 14, 1; Cic. Sest. 26, 56; id. Phil. 2, 36, 90; id. Div. 2, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 97; id. Att. 1, 4, 1.—(3) To preserve the peculiar force of the imperf. indic. (a. a, 3.): cum iste jam decedebat, ejus modi litteras ad eos misit, etc. (conative imperf.), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:cum Africanus censor tribu movebat centurionem... inquit,
id. de Or. 2, 67, 272 (cf.:cum (censor) M. Antistio equum ademisset,
id. ib. 2, 71, 287).—With the imperf. subj. (1) Always when cum means while (time during which): quomque caput caderet, carmen tuba sola peregit et, etc., Enn. ap. Lact. ad Stat. Th. 11, 56 (Ann. v. 508 Vahl.):(γ).magistratus quom ibi adesset, occepta'st agi,
Ter. Eun. prol. 22 (Lubbert conjectures adsedit); Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):Alexandrum uxor sua, cum simul cubaret, occidit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:armati, cum sui utrosque adhortarentur... in medium inter duas acies procedunt,
Liv. 1, 25, 1; Varr. R. R. 2, 81; Auct. Her. 4, 52, 65; Cic. Brut. 3, 10; id. Clu. 62, 175; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 3, 57; Liv. 1, 30, 8; 10, 30, 3 et saep.—(2) To connect a logical (causal, etc.) relation with the temporal meaning (a. b, 1.):cum ille Romuli senatus... temptaret ut ipse gereret sine rege rem publicam, populus id non tulit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 23:an pater familiarissimis suis succensuit cum Sullam et defenderent et laudarent? (causal),
id. Sull. 17, 49:tum cum bello sociorum tota Italia arderet, homo non acerrimus... C. Norbanus in summo otio fuit (concessive),
id. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 8:quibus rebus cum unus in civitate maxime floreret, incidit in eandem invidiam, etc. (adversative),
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:sed cum jam appropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset... tunc injecta trepidatio est,
Liv. 44, 28, 10; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211; id. Clu. 31, 84; id. Mur. 3, 8; id. Phil. 3, 2, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33; Caes. B. C. 2, 7; Liv. 25, 9, 10; 21, 41, 12.—(3) To explain the main fact by circumstances:quem quidem hercle ego, in exilium quom iret, redduxi domum,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 19:consule me, cum esset designatus tribunus, obtulit in discrimen vitam suam,
Cic. Sest. 28, 61:haec epistula est, quam nos, in aedibus Apronii cum litteras conquireremus, invenimus,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 154: Socrates, cum XXX. tyranni essent, pedem porta non extulit, id. Att. 8, 2, 4:Brundusii cum loquerer cum Phania, veni in eum sermonem ut dicerem, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:itaque, cum populum in curias triginta divideret, nomina earum (Sabinarum) curiis imposuit,
Liv. 1, 13, 6:Ap. Claudius, ovans cum in urbem iniret, decem milia pondo argenti, etc., in aerarium tulit,
id. 41, 28, 6; Cic. Clu. 20, 55; id. Phil. 12, 8, 20; id. Scaur. 47; id. Inv. 2, 31, 96; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Div. 1, 52, 119; id. Off. 2, 8, 27; id. Or. 2, 55, 225 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 13; 6, 6, 5; Liv. 1, 39, 4; 3, 63, 6; 4, 53, 11 et saep.—(4) To describe the place of the main action (a. a, 3.):cum essem in castris ad fluvium Pyramum, redditae mihi sunt uno tempore a te epistulae duae,
Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1;so with cum essem (essemus, etc.),
id. ib. 2, 19, 1; 3, 4, 1; 13, 56, 1; id. Att. 1, 10, 1; 14, 19, 1; id. Ac. 1, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Varr. R. R. 3, 13; Caes. B. G. 4, 11 et saep.:Eumenes rex ab Roma cum in regnum rediret... mactatus est ( = on the journey),
Liv. 42, 40, 8:Agesilaus cum ex Aegypto reverteretur... in morbum implicitus decessit,
Nep. Ages. 8, 6.—The perf. indic. (cum fui, etc.) refers to temporary visits to a place:Gallo narravi, cum proxime Romae fui, quid audissem,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 2:proxime cum in patria mea fui, venit ad me, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3.—(5) To designate the time by natural occurrences (a. a, 4.):ipsi comprehensi a me, cum jam dilucesceret, deducuntur,
Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6:cum advesperasceret, cum lucesceret,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 8:cum lux appropinquaret,
id. Tull. 9, 21:cum dies instaret,
id. Inv. 2, 31, 96:cum comitiorum tempus adpeteret,
Liv. 28, 10, 1:cum dies comitiorum adpropinquaret,
id. 3, 34, 7; 10, 13, 2.—But when a date is given as a point of time, the perf. indic. is used:cum ea dies venit,
Liv. 4, 44, 10; 6, 20, 4.—(6) When the action of the cum clause is interrupted or ended by the main action:cum hanc jam epistulam complicarem, tabellarii a vobis venerunt, etc.,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 17:L. Octavius, cum multas jam causas diceret, adulescens est mortuus,
id. Brut. 68, 241:cum plures jam tribus dicto esse audientem pontifici duumvirum juberent... ultimum de caelo quod comitia turbaret intervenit,
Liv. 40, 42, 10:cum maxime conquereretur apud patres... repente strepitus ante curiam... auditur,
id. 8, 33, 4:haec cum maxime dissereret, intervenit Tarquinius,
id. 1, 50, 7;so with cum maxime,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 23, 24, 6; 30, 33, 12.—(7) If the clause with cum has the force of a participial adjunct of the principal predicate (cum diceret = dicens, or dicendo):Caesarem saepe accusavit, cum adfirmaret illum numquam, dum haec natio viveret, sine cura futurum ( = adfirmans, or adfirmando),
Cic. Sest. 63, 132:Antigonus in proelio, cum adversus Seleucum dimicaret, occisus est ( = dimicans),
Nep. Reg. 3, 2:impulit ut cuperem habere, cum diceret,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 8; Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9 (11), 3; id. Clu. 42, 119; 56, 153; id. pro Corn. Maj. Fragm. 16; id. Mil. 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 57, 243; id. Or. 37, 129; id. Fin. 1, 5, 16; id. Inv. 2, 34, 105; Val. Max. 1, 2, ext. 1; Ov. P. 1, 9, 42.—(8) In the historians, in a summary reference to events already related:cum haec in Achaia atque apud Dyrrhachium gererentur... Caesar mittit, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57:cum civitas in opere ac labore adsiduo reficiendae urbis teneretur, interim Q. Fabio... dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:cum hic status in Boeotia esset, Perseus... misit,
id. 42, 56, 10; 33, 36, 1; 34, 22, 3; 38, 8, 1; 42, 64, 1; 45, 11, 1.—In all other cases the imperf. subj. is regularly used in class. prose, even if the action of the clause with cum is logically independent of the principal sentence:D.illum saepe audivi, hic, cum ego judicare jam aliquid possem, abfuit,
Cic. Brut. 71, 248: senatus consultum est factum de ambitu in Afranii sententiam, in quam ego dixeram, cum tu adesses. id. Q. Fr. 2, 7 (9), 3; so always (class.) with cum maxime, precisely when, just when:cum maxime haec in senatu agerentur, Canuleius... (ad populum) ita disseruit,
Liv. 4, 3, 1:cum maxime Capua circumvallaretur, Syracusarum oppugnatio ad finem venit,
id. 25, 23, 1.—In a very few instances the imperf. indic. occurs without apparent reason: an vero cum honos agebatur familiae vestrae... succensuit [p. 494] pater tuus cum Sullam defenderent (probably to distinguish the two cum clauses), Cic. Sull. 17, 49 (cf.:cum jus amicitiae, societatis, adfinitatis ageretur, cum, etc., eo tempore tu non modo non... retulisti, sed ne ipse quidem, etc.,
id. Quint. 16, 53):ille versus, qui in te erat collatus cum aedilitatem petebas,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8:cum ex oppido exportabatur (Dianae statua) quem conventum mulierum factum esse arbitramini?... Quid hoc tota Sicilia est clarius quam omnes convenisse cum Diana exportaretur ex oppido? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77.—Poets and post-class. writers frequently disregard the class. usage, the former by using either mood instead of the other, the latter by the un-Ciceronian use of the subj.; v. Prop. 2, 9, 15; 5 (4), 4, 10; Tib. 1, 10, 16; Verg. A. 7, 148; 12, 735; Mart. 13, 122; Curt. 8, 12, 16; 9, 2, 24; Quint. 11, 1, 89; Plin. 36, 6, 5, § 46; Dig. 28, 1, 22, § 1; Gell. strangely uses an imperf. indic. where class. writers would use a subj.:sed ego, homines cum considerabam, alterum fidei, alterum probri plenum, nequaquam adduci potui ad absolvendum,
Gell. 14, 2, 10; cf.:cum secum reputavit,
Tac. A. 15, 54.In adverbial clauses denoting identity of action (if the principal sentence and the clause with cum denote not different actions, but one action, which, expressed by the latter clause, is by the principal sentence defined in its meaning and import, the clause with cum always takes the indic., except once or twice post-class., and almost always the same tense as the principal sentence), when, by, in, etc.1.The predicate in present:2.amice facis Quom me laudas,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 31; id. Poen. 3, 2, 12; 3, 5, 15; Ter. And. prol. 18; id. Ad. 1, 2, 16 et saep.:bene facitis cum venitis,
Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63:quae cum taces, nulla esse concedis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54; 21, 58; id. Clu. 47, 132; Liv. 25, 6, 5 et saep.—With fut. (rare):3.cum igitur proferent aliquid hujusmodi... inventum proferent,
Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 75; id. Fl. 39, 99; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 9.—With fut. perf. (rare):4.quod cum dederis, illud dederis ut is absolvatur,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 23; id. Lig. 12, 36; id. Part. Or. 39; Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41.—With perf.:5.fecisti furtum quom istaec flagitia me celavisti et patrem,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 60; 1, 2, 52; id. Cas. 4, 4, 18 (22); id. Capt. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Phorm. prol. 32 et saep.:loco ille motus est cum ex urbe est depulsus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; id. Fam. 11, 29, 2; id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39; Liv. 5, 49, 8; 9, 8, 4; Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 1; Curt. 6, 10, 9; Quint. 1, 10, 47 et saep.—With histor. pres.:6.Orestes cum se defendit, in matrem confert crimen,
Auct. Her. 1, 15, 25.—With imperf.:7.cum grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant, adulescentiae temeritatem verebantur,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47; 14, 10, 28; id. Fl. 33, 83; id. Lig. 6, 18; id. Fam. 6, 1, 3; id. Off. 3, 10, 40; id. Sen. 6, 15 et saep.—Imperf. with perf. ( poet. and post-class.;8.very rare): quid quod et ominibus certis prohibebar amori Indulgere meo, tum cum mihi ferre jubenti Excidit et fecit spes nostras cera caducas,
Ov. M. 9, 595 sq.; Val. Max. 9, 1, 5.—With pluperf. (very rare):* 9.exspectationem nobis non parvam attuleras cum scripseras, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; id. Sest. 16, 37.—Pluperf. and imperf.:10.quod quidem tibi ostenderam cum a me Capuam reiciebam,
Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, 5.—Imperf. subj. (post-class.):11.tunc venena edebat bibebatque, cum immensis epulis non delectaretur tantum, sed gloriaretur,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 10.—Often relatively added to nouns when a relative clause must be supplied:E.illa scelera... cum ejus domum evertisti, cujus, etc.,
which you committed when (by), Cic. Pis. 34, 83; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33; Liv. 5, 3, 4; 23, 9, 11; 29, 17, 9.In relative clauses, = quo tempore, quo, etc.1.Dependent on nouns designating time, the mood follows the general rules of relative clauses.a.The principal sentence is a formal statement of indefinite time, with the copula (tempus fuit cum, or fuit cum, analogous to sunt qui, etc.); generally with subj., but sometimes indic., when sunt qui would take this mood.(α).With pres. or fut. indic.: nunc est profecto (i. e. tempus), interfici quom perpeti me possum (the ante-class. writers construe sunt qui with indic.), Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 3; id. And. 1, 1, 125:(β).jam aderit tempus quom sese etiam ipse oderit,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 12; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 28.—With pres. subj.: nunc est ille dies quom gloria maxima sese nobis ostendat, si vivimus, sive morimur, Enn. ap. Prisc. 10, p. 880 P. (Ann. v. 383 Vahl.); so Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 1:(γ).erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet aliquando dies cum... amicissimi benevolentiam desideres,
Cic. Mil. 25, 69; Val. Max. 6, 2, 9.—With preterites, indic., Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 29:(δ).fuit quoddam tempus cum in agris homines bestiarum more vagabantur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2 (cf.:fuerunt alia genera qui... dicebant,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62):fuit cum hoc dici poterat (potuisset would be hypothetical),
Liv. 7, 32, 13.—With preterites, subj., Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 1:b.quod fuit tempus cum rura colerent homines,
Varr. R. R. 3, 1:ac fuit cum mihi quoque initium requiescendi concessum arbitrarer,
Cic. Or. 1, 1, 1; so id. Brut. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 6, 24.—Attributively with nouns denoting time (tempus, dies, etc.), in ordinary sentences.(α).With pres. or fut. indic.:(β).incidunt saepe tempora cum ea commutantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:longum illud tempus cum non ero, etc.,
id. Att. 12, 8, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177; id. Quint. 2, 8; id. Sen. 23, 84.—With potential subj., Cic. Att. 3, 3.—With past tenses, indic., Plaut. Am. prol. 91; id. rud. 2, 6, 12; Ter. And. 5, 3, 12:(γ).atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat,
Cic. Lig. 7, 20:memini noctis illius cum... pollicebar,
id. Planc. 42, 101; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; 2, 35, 88; id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; id. Sest. 7, 15; 29, 62; id. Sull. 18, 52; id. Fam. 11, 8, 1; 11, 27, 3; id. de Or. 1, 11, 45; Sall. J. 31, 20; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 6; Prop. 1, 10, 5; 1, 22, 5; Gell. 1, 23, 2 et saep.—So with nouns implying time:illa pugna quom, etc. ( = in qua),
Plaut. Poen. 2, 26;Marcellino Consule, cum ego... putabam ( = anno Marcellini, quo, etc.),
Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4:patrum nostrorum memoria cum exercitus videbatur ( = tempore quo),
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2; Liv. 6, 40, 17.—With preterites in subj., Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:c.accepit enim agrum iis temporibus cum jacerent pretia praediorum,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; so id. Off. 2, 19, 65:numerandus est ille annus cum obmutuisset senatus?
id. Pis. 12, 26; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; id. Rep. 2, 37, 62; id. Font. 3, 6; Liv. 3, 65, 8:haec scripsi postridie ejus diei cum castra haberem Mopsuhestiae (cf. habebam, as epistolary tense),
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 10.—If the clause does not define the noun, but is a co-ordinate designation of time, it follows the rule of adverbial clauses:eodem anno, cum omnia infida Romanis essent, Capuae quoque conjurationes factae,
while, Liv. 9, 26, 5; Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; Liv. 8, 15, 1; 1, 41, 6.—Appositively added to temporal adverbs and to dates (heri, hodie, medius, tertius, olim, antea, quondam, nuper, olim, postea) following the rules of adverbial clauses:2.Crassus hodie, cum vos non adessetis, posuit idem, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 41:omnia quae a te nudius tertius dicta sunt, cum docere velles, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 7, 18; id. Sest. 48, 103; id. Att. 4, 3, 2; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Caes. B. C. 2, 17 et saep.—So with dates (always subj.. except with cum haec scribebam, or dabam):posteaquam Pompeius apud populum ad VIII. Id. Febr., cum pro Milone diceret, clamore convicioque jactatus est,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 1; 3, 3, 1; 3, 4, 1; 4, 2, 1; id. Att. 14, 19, 1.—The principal sentence defines a period of time during which the action of the clause has or had lasted, always with indic., and after the words defining the period, = per quod tempus, when, that, during which, while, etc.a.With pres., = Engl. pres. perf.(α).With cardinal, definite or indefinite. (1) Time in acc. (ante-class.):(β).hanc domum Jam multos annos est quom possideo,
that I have been the owner, Plaut. Aul. prol. 4; cf. id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—(2) Time in nom.:anni sunt octo cum ista causa in ista meditatione versatur,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; id. Or. 51, 171; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1; id. Div. 2, 36, 76.—With ordinals:(γ).vigesimus annus est, cum omnes scelerati me unum petunt,
Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Verg. A. 5, 627; 3, 646.—With diu:b.jam diu'st quom ventri victum non datis,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 146; Gell. 1, 25, 12.—Perf. with negation, the principal predicate in pres. or logical perf., = Engl. pres. perf.:c.quia septem menses sunt quom in hasce aedes pedem Nemo intro tetulit,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 39; id. Men. 3, 1, 3; Prop. 3, 8, 33 (2, 16, 33. —With pluperf., the principal predicate in imperf.:d.permulti jam anni erant cum inter patricios magistratus tribunosque nulla certamina fuerant,
Liv. 9, 33, 3.—With imperf., the principal predicate in perf. or pluperf.:3.dies triginta aut plus in ea navi fui, Quom interea semper mortem exspectabam miser,
Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 7:unus et alter dies intercesserat, cum res parum certa videbatur,
Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—The principal sentence specifying a period of time which has or had elapsed since the action took place, = ex ejus tempore, since or after, always with indic.; the principal predicate pres. or logical perf., cum with perf. indic.a.With cardinals.(α).Time in acc. (ante-class.):(β).annos factum'st sedecim Quom conspicatus est primo crepusculo Puellam exponi,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 39; so probably id. Pers. 1, 3, 57; id. Trin. 2, 4, 1; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—With nom.:b.nondum centum et decem anni sunt cum de pecuniis repetundis lata lex est,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75; id. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 9, 11, A, 2.—With diu or dudum:c.nam illi quidem haut sane diu'st quom dentes exciderunt,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 42; id. As. 2, 1, 3; id. Trin. 4, 3, 3.—Peculiarly, cum referring to an action which was to be done after a period of time, before, at the end of which:4.omnino biduum supererat cum exercitui frumentum metiri oporteret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23. —In inverted clauses, the principal sentence determining the time of the clause, cum ( = quo tempore) having the force of a relative; cum with the indic. always following the principal sentence; never in oblique discourse; very freq. in class. and post-class. writings (ante-class. only Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 3; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40; id. Eun. 4, 2, 5); principal sentence often with jam, vix, vixdum, nondum, tantum quod, and commodum; cum often with subito, repente, sometimes interim, tamen, etiamtum.a.Principal sentence defining time by temporal expressions.(α).Principal sentence with pluperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(β).dies nondum decem intercesserant cum ille alter filius necatur,
Cic. Clu. 9, 28; id. Verr. 1, 2, 36; id. Or. 2, 21, 89; Ov. M. 9, 715; Plin. Pan. 91, 1.—(2) Cum with histor. inf., Sall. J. 98, 2.—Principal sentence with imperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(γ).nondum lucebat cum Ameriae scitum est,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97; Liv. 21, 59, 5; 41, 26, 2; 22, 1, 1; 9, 33, 3; 9, 37, 5; Verg. G. 2, 340; Curt. 4, 3, 16; 5, 12, 6 al.—(2) Cum with imperf., Curt. 6, 7, 1.—Principal sentence with perf., cum with perf.:b.dies haud multi intercesserunt cum ex Leontinis praesidium... venerunt,
Liv. 24, 29, 1; 40, 48, 4.—Principal sentence not containing expressions of time; most freq. with pluperf. or imperf. in principal sentence, and perf. or histor. pres. in clause with cum, but (far more rarely) many other combinations occur.(α).Principal sentence with imperf., cum with perf.:(β).non dubitabat Minucius quin, etc., cum repente jubetur dicere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 29, § 72:jamque hoc facere noctu adparabant cum matres familiae repente... procucurrerunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 36; Liv. 1, 36, 1 (57 times); Verg. A. 1, 36 (26 times); Vell. 2, 28, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 18, 3; Tac. A. 3, 1 (31 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (19 times); Plin. Ep. 6, 24, 2.—Principal sentence with pluperf., cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(γ).jam Sora capta erat cum consules prima luce advenere,
Liv. 9, 24, 13 (32 times); Cic. Clu. 9, 28 (14 times); Sall. J. 60, 6; Verg. A. 1, 586 (13 times); Tac. A. 1, 19 (13 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (18 times). —And cum with potential subj.:vix erat hoc plane imperatum cum illum spoliatum... videres,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86.—Principal sentence with perf., Cic. Sest. 37, 39 (5 times); Liv. 2, 46, 3 (8 times).—(δ).Principal sentence with histor. inf., Liv. 5, 46, 1; Tac. A. 1, 11; 11, 16; Curt. 5, 9, 1; 9, 5, 1.—(ε).Principal sentence with histor. pres., Liv. 4, 32, 1 (3 times); Ov. M. 4, 695 (5 times).—(ζ).Cum with imperf., Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17 (3 times); Sall. J. 51, 2; Liv. 44, 10, 6; Tac. A. 1, 51; 11, 26.—(η).Cum with [p. 495] histor. inf., Liv. 2, 27, 1; Tac. A. 2, 31 (6 times); Curt. 4, 4, 9.—(θ).Cum with pluperf., Liv. 2, 46, 3 (3 times); Ov. M. 14, 581; Verg. A. 2, 256 sq.—(κ).With logical perf., or logical perf. and pres. (rare):5.quam multi enim jam oratores commemorati sunt... cum tamen spisse ad Antonium Crassumque pervenimus,
Cic. Brut. 36, 138:jamque fuga timidum caput abdidit alte (coluber), Cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur,
Verg. G. 3, 422.—In clauses added loosely or parenthetically to a preceding clause or to a substantive in it (the mood governed by the rules for relative clauses).a.When, on an occasion, on which, etc.(α).With perf. indic.:(β).Hortensium maxime probavi pro Messala dicentem, cum tu abfuisti,
Cic. Brut. 96, 328; id. Phil. 11, 8, 18; id. Dom. 9, 22; 53, 136; id. Fam. 13, 75, 1; Spart. Had. 3; Flor. 1, 18, 9 (1, 13, 19).—With imperf. indic.:(γ).num infitiari potes te illo ipso die meis praesidiis circumclusum commovere te non potuisse, cum tu nostra... caede contentum esse dicebas?
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7; id. Sest. 63, 131; id. Cael. 24, 59.—Cum with pres. indic., a past tense in principal sentence (mostly poet.):(δ).nox erat et placidum carpebant fessa soporem Corpora... cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, Cum tacet omnis ager, etc.,
Verg. A. 4, 522; 8, 407; 12, 114; id. E. 8, 15; Hor. S. 1, 10, 31; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 22.—Imperf. subj.: qui... accensi nulla deinde vi sustineri potuere, cum compulsi in castra Romani rursus obsiderentur, in consequence of which ( = ita ut), Liv. 3, 5, 8.—(ε).So freq. cum quidem, always with indic.:b.sed uterque noster cedere cogebatur, cum quidem ille pollicitus est, se quod velletis esse facturum,
Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; id. Fl. 22, 53; id. Pis. 9, 21; 34, 83 and 84; id. Leg. 2, 6, 14; id. Sen. 4, 11; Suet. Caes. 50; Spart. Had. 9; id. Ael. Ver. 4.—Cum tamen, at which time however, and yet, while nevertheless, representing the principal sentence as concessive, analogous to qui tamen (v. tamen).(α).With indic., like qui tamen, always, except for particular reasons:(β).fit gemitus omnium et clamor, cum tamen a praesenti supplicio tuo continuit populus Romanus se, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 29, § 74; id. Pis. 12, 27; Liv. 6, 42, 11; Verg. A. 9, 513; Tac. H. 1, 62; so,cum nihilo magis,
Nep. Dat. 10, 3; passing over into inverted cum clauses (4. b.), as Sall. J. 98, 2; Liv. 27, 20, 11.—With subj., Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; Liv. 4, 31, 6 (where the clause with cum is adverbial).—6.Cum interea (interim).a.Adverbial (rare).(α).Temporal with subj.; with subj. imperf., while, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62; with pluperf. subj., after, id. ib. 1, 2, 9, § 25; id. Fam. 15, 43.—(β).Adversative, with subj., whereas during this time. (1) Pres.:b.simulat se eorum praesidio conflteri, cum interea aliud quiddam jam diu machinetur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15; Val. Max. 2, 9, 1; Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 14.—(2) With perf. subj.:cum tu interim vero numquam significaris sententiam tuam,
Cic. Pis. 4, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11 dub.; Val. Max. 7, 8, 6.—(3) With imperf. subj., Cic. Sull. 5, 6; Plin. Pan. 76, 1.—Relative, always with indic., in class. writings always referring to a period during which, belonging,(α).To the attributive clauses (v. 2. supra). (1) In pres.:(β).anni sunt octo... cum interea Cluentianae pecuniae vestigium nullum invenitis,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; Liv. 5, 54, 5; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 33.— (2) In imperf., Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 8 (2. c.).—To the inverted clauses (4.):(γ).tanta erat in his locis multitudo cum interim Rufio noster... hominem percussit,
Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2.—So probably: cum interim Gallus quidam processit, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 5; id. Pis. 38, 92 sq.; id. Tusc. 4, 3, 6; Sall. J. 12, 5; 49, 4; Liv. 3, 37, 5; Val. Max. 8, 1, 3; 9, 7, 2; Sen. Ira, 2, 33, 4; Tac. H. 1, 60; with indefinite pres. indic. in both terms, Sen. Cons. Marc. 11, 5.—To the additional clauses (5.). (1) With perf. indic., Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 3; Flor. 4, 2, 69; 4, 12, 33; with inf. in oblique discourse, Liv. 4, 51, 4; 6, 27, 6.—(2) Post-Aug., and in Nep., = cum tamen (5. b.), while nevertheless, whereas, with pres. or perf. indic.:F.post Leuctricam pugnam Lacedaemonii se numquam refecerunt... cum interim Agesilaus non destitit patriam juvare,
Nep. Ages. 7, 1: cum interim Oedipodis ossa... colis, Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3; 3, 4, 5; 4, 4, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 18; 10, 1, 11; 12, 10, 67; Tac. H. 4, 42; Suet. Claud. 6; Flor. 4, 12, 33.In clauses completing the idea of the governing verb.1.After verbs of perception (videre, perspicere, audire, etc.; audivi cum diceres, etc. = audivi te dicentem).a.Dependent on verbs of seeing and feeling.(α).With indic.:(β).nam ipsi vident eorum quom auferimus bona ( = nos auferre or auferentes),
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 16; id. Poen. 3, 4, 13; id. Am. 5, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 65; id. Mil. 2, 6, 26:conspectum est cum obiit,
Liv. 5, 25, 3.—With subj.:b.is... numquam est conspectus cum veniret,
Cic. Sest. 59, 126:vidi... Cum tu terga dares,
Ov. M. 13, 224.—After verbs of hearing, always with subj.:c.L. Flaccum ego audivi cum diceret Caeciliam exisse, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104; id. Par. 6, 1, 45; id. de Or. 2, 6, 22; 2, 28, 129; 2, 33, 144; 2, 37, 155; 2, 90, 365; id. Brut. 27, 85; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; id. Fam. 3, 7, 4; Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—After memini, with indic. (sc. tempus):2.memini quom... haud audebat,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 53:memini cum mihi desipere videbare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 1.—With subj.:memini cum velles residere ferventissimo sole,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—After verba adfectuum, with the force of quod, always with indic. (mostly ante-class.).a.Verbs of thanking:b.habeo gratiam tibi Quom copiam istam mi et potestatem facis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 14; id. Curc. 5, 3, 21; id. As. 3, 2, 2; id. Most. 2, 2, 2; id. Poen. 1, 2, 46; 5, 4, 84 (99); Ter. And. 4, 4, 32; id. Ad. 1, 2, 59:tibi maximas gratias ago, cum tantum litterae meae potuerunt, ut eis lectis, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24, 2.—Of congratulation:c.quom tu's aucta liberis... gratulor,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 33; 2, 6, 35: L. Caesar, O mi Cicero, inquit, gratulor tibi cum tantum vales apud Dolabellam, etc., L. Caesar ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 3; and ib. Att. 14, 17, A, 3.—Of rejoicing and grieving:d.quom istaec res tibi ex sententia Pulcre evenit, gaudeo,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 10; id. Poen. 5, 5, 48:cum vero in C. Matii familiaritatem venisti, non dici potest quam valde gaudeam,
Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; Sall. J. 102, 5.—Dependent on optative sentences:G.di tibi bene faciant semper quom advocatus bene mi ades,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 19.Elliptical usages (without predicate).1.Cum maxime.a.With ut: hanc Bacchidem Amabat, ut quom maxime, tum Pamphilus ( = ut amabat tum quom maxume amabat, as much as he ever did), Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40:b.etiamne ea neglegamus, quae fiunt cum maxime, quae videmus?
Cic. Har. Resp. 15, 32.—Hence,By abbreviation: nunc cum maxime or cum maxime alone, now especially, just now: tum cum maxime, just then:2.nunc cum maxume operis aliquid facere credo,
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 2; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 26; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 40:quae multos jam annos et nunc cum maxime filium interfectum cupit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12:castra amissa, et tum cum maxime ardere,
Liv. 40, 32, 1; Curt. 3, 2, 17; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 3; id. Ben. 3, 3, 3; id. Ep. 55, 1; 55, 11; 81, 7; Tac. Or. 16; 37; Eum. pro Schol. 4; Mamert. 2.—With maxime in adverbial clauses, just while, especially when, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 3; id. Off. 1, 13, 41; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 1, 50, 7; 2, 59, 7; 3, 25, 4; 3, 31, 3; 4, 3, 1; 8, 33, 4 et saep.—Similarly with other superlatives (post-class.):H.foliis ternis, aut, cum plurimum, quaternis,
at the utmost, Plin. 25, 10, 74, § 121; 18, 7, 10, § 60:cum tardissime,
id. 18, 7, 10, § 51:cum longissime,
Suet. Tib. 38.For co-ordinate clauses with cum... tum, v. tum, I. A. 3.II.Causal, since, because, as.A.Anteclass., chiefly with indic.1.With pres. indic.:2.hoc hic quidem homines tam brevem vitam colunt, Quom hasce herbas hujus modi in suom alvom congerunt,
because, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 34; id. Truc. 1, 2, 50; 2, 4, 8:edepol, merito esse iratum arbitror, Quom apud te tam parva'st ei fides,
since, id. Ps. 1, 5, 62; id. Most. 1, 1, 28; id. Truc. 2, 1, 32; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 30; id. Hec. 4, 1, 53.—With perf. indic.:3.praesertim quom is me dignum quoi concrederet Habuit, me habere honorem ejus ingenio decet,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 66; Ter. And. 3, 2, 8.—With subj.a.By construction of principal sentence: adeon, me fuisse fungum ut qui illi crederem, Quom mi ipsum nomen ejus Clamaret, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 51; id. Capt. 1, 2, 37; Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6; id. Eun. 3, 5, 18; 5, 2, 24.—b.Independent of such construction:B.jam istoc probior es meo quidem animo quom in amore temperes,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8 (bracketed by Goetz;Brix conjectures temperas): nil miror si lubenter tu hic eras, Quom ego servos quando aspicio hunc lacrumem quia dijungimur,
id. Mil. 4, 8, 18 Lorenz (Brix: quin ego... lacrumo; cf.Lubbert, Grammat. Stud. II. pp. 133, 137): Nam puerum injussu eredo non tollent meo, Praesertim in ea re quom sit mi adjutrix socrus,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 82; so id. Ad. 2, 1, 12.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.With pres. subj.:2.cum ista sis auctoritate, non debes arripere maledictum ex trivio,
Cic. Mur. 6, 13:cum vita sine amicis insidiarum et metus plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias comparare,
id. Fin. 1, 20, 66:quae cum ita sint, videamus, etc.,
id. Clu. 44, 123:quod cum ita sit, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; id. Mur. 1, 2; id. Arch. 5, 10; id. Off. 3, 3, 13; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 9, 5; 21, 21, 5 et saep.—With perf. subj.:3.cum inimicitiae fuerint numquam, opinio injuriae beneficiis sit exstincta... rei publicae providebo,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; id. de Or. 1, 49, 214; the perf. subj. is often retained after a principal predicate in a past tense, id. Clu. 60, 167; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4.—With imperf. subj.a.Denoting both cause and coincidence of time:b.vacuum fundum, cum ego adessem, possidere non potuisti,
Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; Cic. Or. 8, 25:cum tanta multitudo lapides et tela conicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6; id. B. C. 3, 1; Liv. 39, 31, 3; 4, 8, 3; 25, 11, 1.—Denoting cause without time:4.cum esset egens, sumptuosus, audax... ad omnem fraudem versare suam mentem coepit,
Cic. Clu. 26, 70:quod oppidum cum esset altissimo et munitissimo loco, ad existimationem imperii arbitratus sum, comprimere eorum audaciam,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 10; Caes. B. C. 3, 37.—With pluperf. subj.:C.Caesar cum constituisset hiemare in continenti, neque multum aestatis superesset, obsides imperat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 22.With adverbs of emphasis.1.Praesertim cum, or cum praesertim, = especially since, the more so because:2.quae cum ita sint, quid est quod de ejus civitate dubitetis, praesertim cum aliis quoque civitatibus fuerit adscriptus?
Cic. Arch. 5, 10:cur enim tibi hoc non gratificor nescio, praesertim cum his temporibus audacia pro sapientia liceat uti,
id. Fam. 1, 10, 1:cum praesertim vos alium miseritis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16 (cum praesertim rarely refers to time, with indic., Sen. Ep. 85, 6).—Quippe cum represents the conclusion as selfevident, since of course, since obviously:3.nihil est virtute amabilius, quippe cum propter virtutem etiam eos, quos numquam videmus, quodammodo diligamus,
Cic. Lael. 8, 28:numquam ego pecunias istorum, etc., in bonis rebus duxi, quippe cum viderem, etc.,
id. Par. 1, 1, 6; id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; 1, 20, 54; id. Fin. 3, 12, 41; 5, 28, 84; Liv. 4, 27, 8; 4, 57, 10.—Sometimes with indic. if cum refers to time, when of course, if, of course: tu vero etiam si reprehenderes... laetarer: quippe cum in reprehensione est prudentia cum eumeneiai, Cic. Att. 16, 11, 2.—In later writers with indic., because when:omnia experiri necessitas cogebat: quippe cum primas spes fortuna destituit, futura praesentibus videntur esse potiora,
Curt. 4, 1, 29.—Utpote cum, seeing that, explanatory, with subj.:III.me incommoda valetudo qua jam emerseram, utpote cum sine febri laborassem, tenebat Brundusii,
Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1; Cels. 1 prooem.; Sen. Cons. Marc. 21, 2.Adversative, while, whereas, denoting a logical contrast with the principal sentence.A.Ante-class., chiefly,1.With indic.:2.hei mihi, insanire me aiunt, ultro quom ipsi insaniunt,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 80; id. Stich. 1, 37; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 5; Ter. Phorm. prol. 23; 2, 2, 26.—Subj.a.By construction of principal predicate:b.tibi obtemperem quom tu mihi nequeas?
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 16 (4, 1, 50).—Independent of construction: edepol, Cupido, quom tam pausillus sis, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. p. 421, 25 (Lubbert conjectures quom [p. 496] tu's tam pausillus):B.eo vos madefacitis, quom ego sim hic siccus?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.With pres. subj.:2.cum de bonis et de caede agatur, testimonium dicturus est is qui et sector est et sicarius,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 103; id. Clu. 24, 65; id. Leg. 1, 7, 22:et cum tibi, viro, liceat purpura in veste stragula uti, matrem familias tuam purpureum amiculum habere non sines?
Liv. 34, 7, 3; Sen. Prov. 4, 10; id. Clem. 1, 18, 2; id. Ben. 2, 16, 1.—With perf. subj.: an tu, cum omnem auctoritatem universi ordinis pro pignore putaris, eamque... concideris, me his existimas pignoribus terreri? Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4:3.indignatur exul aliquid sibi deesse, cum defuerit Scipioni dos?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 12, 7; id. Ira, 3, 12, 7; freq. pres. and perf. subj. retained, if dependent on preterites, Cic. Brut. 71, 250; id. Agr. 3, 2, 5.—With imperf. subj.:4.ita, cum maximis eum rebus liberares, perparvam amicitiae culpam relinquebas,
Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:hunc Egnatium censores, cum patrem eicerent, retinuerunt,
id. Clu. 48, 135:eorum erat V. milium numerus, cum ipsi non amplius octingentos equites haberent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 11; Liv. 1, 55, 3; Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 1; 1, 53, 227; 2, 50, 203; id. Clu. 5, 12; id. Ac. 1, 10, 38 sq.; Liv. 39, 49, 1; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11; 3, 2, 10 fin. —With pluperf. subj.:IV.Socratis ingenium immortalitati scriptis suis Plato tradidit, cum ipse litteram Socrates nullam reliquisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 60; id. Ac. 2, 1, 2; id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; Val. Max. 1, 8, 11.Concessive, although, denoting a reason for the contrary of the principal sentence.A.Ante-class., mostly with indic.1.Indic.:2.qui it lavatum In balineas, quom ibi sedulo sua vestimenta servat, Tam subripiuntur,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 26; id. Truc. 1, 2, 89 (95); id. Stich. 1, 2, 67.—With subj.: nihilominus ipsi lucet, quom illi accenderit, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. Rel. v. 389 Rib.).B.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.Pres. subj.:2.testis est Graecia, quae cum eloquentiae studio sit incensa, jamdiuque excellat in ea... tamen omnis artis vetustiores habet,
Cic. Brut. 7, 26:nam (Druentia) cum aquae vim vehat ingentem, non tamen navium patiens est,
Liv. 21, 31, 11.—Imperf. subj.:3.ego autem, cum consilium tuum probarem, et idem ipse sentirem, nihil proficiebam,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non poterant tamen, cum cuperent, Apronium imitari,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78; id. de Or. 1, 28, 126; id. Brut. 7, 28; 91, 314; id. Inv. 2, 31, 97; id. Clu. 40, 110; Caes. B. G. 5, 40; Liv. 5, 38, 5; Nep. Att. 13, 1; so,quae cum ita essent... tamen,
although this was so, Cic. Clu. 34, 94; id. Fam. 2, 16, 2.—With pluperf. subj.:V.cui cum Cato et Caninius intercessissent, tamen est perscripta,
Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 4:patrem meum, cum proscriptus non esset, jugulastis,
id. Rosc. Am. 11, 32.In hypothetical clauses, always with imperf. or pluperf. subj., = si, but defining an assumed or fictitious time.1.With imperf. subj.:2.quis ex populo, cum Scaevolam dicentem audiret in ea causa, quicquam politius aut elegantius exspectaret?
Cic. Brut. 55, 194:etiam tum quiesceretis cum rem publicam a facinorosissimis sicariis esse oppressam videretis?
id. Sest. 38, 81; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, §§ 28 and 29.—With pluperf. subj.:quod esset judicium cum de Verris turpissimo comitatu tres recuperatorum nomine adsedissent?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30:mors cum exstinxisset invidiam, res ejus gestae sempiterni nominis glorianiterentur,
id. Balb. 6, 16. -
20 Cum2
1.cum (archaic form COM, found in an inscr., COM PREIVATVD; in MSS. sometimes quom or quum), prep. with abl. [for skom, Sanscr. root sak, together; cf. sequor, and Gr. koinos, sun], designates in gen. accompaniment, community, connection of one object with another (opp. sine, separatim, etc.), with, together, together with, in connection or company with, along with; sometimes also to be translated and.I.In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 95:b.qui cum Amphitruone abiit hinc in exercitum,
id. ib. prol. 125:cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano,
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4:semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine eā,
id. Mil. 21, 55:quibuscum essem libenter,
id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; cf.:cum quibus in ceteris intellegis afuisse,
id. Sull. 3, 7:si cenas hodie mecum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 70:vagamur egentes cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:errare malo cum Platone, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 39:qui unum imperium unumque magistratum cum ipsis habeant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3 et saep.—In an expression of displeasure:B.in' hinc, quo dignus, cum donis tuis Tam lepidis,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 9; cf. Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 33; Ter. And. 5, 4, 38; id. Eun. 1, 2, 73; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 7 al.—In a designation of time with which some action concurs:C.egone abs te abii hinc hodie cum diluculo?
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 121; so,cum primo luci,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 58:cras cum filio cum primo luci ibo hinc,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf.:cum primā luce,
id. Att. 4, 3, 4; and:cum primo lumine solis,
Verg. A. 7, 130: cum primo mane, Auct. B. Afr. 62: cum mane, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 372 P:pariter cum ortu solis,
Sall. J. 106, 5:pariter cum occasu solis,
id. ib. 68, 2; cf.:cum sole reliquit,
Verg. A. 3, 568 et saep.:mane cum luci simul,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 31; v. simul: exiit cum nuntio (i. e. at the same time with, etc.), Caes. B. G. 5, 46; cf.: cum his nuntius Romam ad consulendum redit ( = hama toisde), Liv. 1, 32, 10:simul cum dono designavit templo Jovis fines,
id. 1, 10, 5; cf.:et vixisse cum re publicā pariter, et cum illā simul extinctus esse videatur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 10.—In designating the relations, circumstances, way, and manner with which any act is connected, by which it is accompanied, under or in which it takes place, etc., with, in, under, in the midst of, among, to, at: aliquid cum malo suo facere, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 4; cf.:b.cum magnā calamitate et prope pernicie civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:cum summā rei publicae salute et cum tuā peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:cum magno provinciae periculo,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:cum summo probro,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 10: cum summo terrore hominum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 6:cum summā tuā dignitate,
Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:cum bonā alite,
Cat. 61, 19:ferendum hoc onus est cum labore,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:multis cum lacrimis aliquem obsecrare,
amid many tears, Caes. B. G. 1, 20; cf.:hunc ipsum abstulit magno cum gemitu civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49:orare cum lacrimis coepere,
Liv. 5, 30, 5:si minus cum curā aut cautelā locus loquendi lectus est,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 6 Ritschl; so,cum curā,
Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 70; Sall. J. 54, 1; Liv. 22, 42, 5 et saep.; cf.:cum summo studio,
Sall. C. 51, 38:cum quanto studio periculoque,
Liv. 8, 25, 12 al.:cum multā venustate et omni sale,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 9:summā cum celeritate ad exercitum rediit,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 52:maximo cum clamore involant,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 89:cum clamore,
Liv. 2, 23, 8; 5, 45, 2:cum clamore ac tumultu,
id. 9, 31, 8; cf.:Athenienses cum silentio auditi sunt,
id. 38, 10, 4; 7, 35, 1:illud cum pace agemus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83:cum bonā pace,
Liv. 1, 24, 3; 21, 24, 5:cum bonā gratiā,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:cum bonā veniā,
Liv. 29, 1, 7; cf.:cum veniā,
Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 104; Quint. 10, 1, 72:cum virtute vivere,
Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 29; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 34:cum judicio,
Quint. 10, 1, 8:cum firmā memoriā,
id. 5, 10, 54:legata cum fide ac sine calumniā persolvere,
Suet. Calig. 16:spolia in aede... cum sollemni dedicatione dono fixit,
Liv. 4, 20, 3.—Attributively, with subst.:2.et huic proelium cum Tuscis ad Janiculum erat crimini,
Liv. 2, 52, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:frumenti cum summā caritate inopia erat,
id. 2, 12, 1; 2, 5, 2; 7, 29, 3.—Cum eo quod, ut, or ne (in an amplification or limitation), with the circumstance or in the regard that, on or under the condition, with the exception, that, etc. (except once in Cic. epistt. not ante-Aug.).(α).Cum eo quod, with indic., Quint. 12, 10, 47 Spald.; 10, 7, 13; so,(β).cum eo quidem, quod, etc.,
id. 2, 4, 30. —With subj.:sit sane, quoniam ita tu vis: sed tamen cum eo, credo, quod sine peccato meo fiat,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 7.—With ut:(γ).Antium nova colonia missa cum eo, ut Antiatibus permitteretur, si et ipsi adscribi coloni vellent,
Liv. 8, 14, 8; so id. 8, 14, 2; 30, 10, 21; 36, 5, 3; Cels. 3, 22.—So with tamen:cum eo tamen, ut nullo tempore is... non sit sustinendus,
Cels. 3, 5 fin.; 4, 6 fin. —With ne:3.obsequar voluntati tuae cum eo, ne dubites, etc.,
Col. 5, 1, 4:cum eo, ne amplius quam has urant,
Cels. 7, 22; and with tamen:cum eo tamen, ne, etc.,
id. 2, 17.—Cum dis volentibus, etc., with God's help, by the will of the gods, sun theôi:4.cum divis volentibus quodque bene eveniat mando tibi, Mani, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 141, 1: volentibu' cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38:agite, cum dis bene juvantibus arma capite,
Liv. 21, 43, 7; so,cum superis,
Claud. Cons. Stil. III. p. 174.—Cum with an ordinal number (cum octavo, cum decimo, etc.) for our - fold, in economical lang., of the multiplication of cultivated products:D.ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quinto decimo,
ten-, fifteenfold, Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 1; so,cum octavo, cum decimo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:cum centesimo,
Plin. 18, 10, 21, § 95; cf. with a subst.:cum centesimā fruge agricolis faenus reddente terrā,
id. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—With a means or instrument, considered as attending or accompanying the actor in his action (so most freq. anteclass., or in the poets and scientific writers): acribus inter se cum armis confligere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 6: effundit voces proprio cum pectore, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 424: cum voce maximā conclamat, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 10:II.cum linguā lingere,
Cat. 98, 3:cum suo gurgite accepit venientem (fluvius),
Verg. A. 9, 816:cum vino et oleo ungere,
Veg. 1, 11, 8 et saep.:terra in Augurum libris scripta cum R uno,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 21 Müll.In partic.A.Completing the meaning of verbs.1.With verbs of union, connection, and agreement: cum veteribus copiis se conjungere, Caes. B. G. 1, 37:2.ut proprie cohaereat cum narratione,
Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11:(haec) arbitror mihi constare cum ceteris scriptoribus,
id. 1, 9, 16:interfectam esse... convenit mihi cum adversariis,
id. 1, 10, 17; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 31:quī autem poterat in gratiam redire cum Oppianico Cluentius?
id. Clu. 31, 86:hanc sententiam cum virtute congruere semper,
id. Off. 3, 3, 13:foedera quibus etiam cum hoste devincitur fides,
id. ib. 3, 31, 111:capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:cum aliquo in gratiam redire,
id. 3, 58, 4:stabat cum eo senatūs majestas,
id. 8, 34, 1:conjurasse cum Pausaniā,
Curt. 7, 1, 6:Autronium secum facere,
Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf. also conecto, colligo, consentio, compono, etc.—Of companionship, association, sharing, etc.:3.cum his me oblecto, qui res gestas aut orationes scripserunt suas,
Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 61:quoniam vivitur, non cum perfectis hominibus, sed cum iis, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 15, 46:nulla (societas) carior quam ea quae cum re publicā est unicuique nostrum,
id. ib. 1, 17, 51:cum civibus vivere,
id. ib. 1, 34, 124:cum M. Fabio mihi summus usus est,
id. Fam. 9, 25, 2; cf.:cum quibus publice privatimque hospitia amicitiasque junxerant,
Liv. 1, 45, 2:partiri cum Dinaeā matre jussit,
Cic. Clu. 7, 21:cum Baebio communicare,
id. ib. 16, 47; cf.of local association, nearness: cum mortuā jugulatum servum nudum positurum ait,
Liv. 1, 58, 4:duos tamen pudor cum eo tenuit,
id. 2, 10, 5.—Of intercourse, traffic, etc.:4.cum aliquo agere,
to deal with, Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:cum eo Accius injuriarum agit,
Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:si par est agere cum civibus,
Cic. Off. 2, 23, 83; 3, 22, 88; id. Scaur. 10, 20; cf. id. Fam. 5, 18, 1; Liv. 1, 19, 7; 3, 9, 13; 4, 15, 2; Val. Max. 4, 3, 8:si mihi cum Peripateticis res esset,
Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112:tecum enim mihi res est,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:uni tibi et cum singulis res est,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:pacem cum Sabinis facere,
Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109.—Esp.: agere cum aliquo, to have a lawsuit with, Gai Inst. 4, 87; 4, 114 et saep.; v. ago, II. B. 8. a., and II. B. 9.; consisto, I. B. 5.; cf. also pango, etc.—Of deliberation and discussion:5.haec ego cum ipsis philosophis disserebam,
Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 57:tempus cum conjuratis consultando absumunt,
Liv. 2, 4, 3 et saep.; v. also cogito, reputo, dubito, etc.—Of strife, difference, etc.:6.quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1:cum Cleanthe quam multis rebus Chrysippus dissidet!
Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 143:neque tam quererer cum deo quod, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 25, 81:cum quo Antiochum saepe disputantem audiebam,
id. ib. 2, 4, 11:cum stomacheretur cum Metello,
id. Or. 2, 66, 267:manu cum hoste confligere,
id. Off. 1, 23, 81:utilia cum honestis pugnare,
id. ib. 3, 7, 34: cum Catone dissentire. id. ib. 3, 22, 88:cum majoribus nostris bella gessit,
id. Scaur. 19, 45; Liv. 1, 35, 7; 7, 22, 4:cum Auruncis bellum inire,
id. 2, 16, 8; cf.:cum Volscis aequo Marte discessum est,
id. 2, 40, 14:inimicitias cum Africano gerere,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3:cum Scipione dissentire,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 12:cum utrāque (uxore) divortium fecit,
Suet. Claud. 26; cf. also certo, pugno, discrepo, differo, distraho, dissentio, etc.—Of comparison:B.nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā,
Cic. Ac. 2, 5, 14:hanc rationem dicendi cum imperatoris laude comparare,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 8:conferam Sullamne cum Junio,
id. Clu. 34, 94:(orationem) cum magnitudine utilitatis comparare,
id. Off. 2, 6, 20.—Pregn., implying the notion of being furnished, endowed, clothed with any thing, or of possessing, holding, suffering under, etc., in a lit. and trop. sense: ille vir haud magnā cum re sed plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (cf. the antith.:C.hominem sine re, sine fide,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78):a portu illuc nunc cum laternā advenit,
Plaut. Am. prol. 149:cadus cum vino,
id. Stich. 5, 1, 7; cf. id. Pers. 2, 3, 15:olla cum aquā,
Cato, R. R. 156:arcula cum ornamentis,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 91:fiscos cum pecuniā Siciliensi,
Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22:onerariae naves cum commeatu,
Liv. 30, 24, 5 et saep.:cum servili schemā,
Plaut. Am. prol. 117;so of clothing,
id. Rud. 1, 4, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54; 2, 5, 13, § 31; [p. 490] id. Rab. Post. 10, 27; Liv. 35, 34, 7; Suet. Claud. 13; Sil. 1, 94 et saep.:ut ne quis cum telo servus esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7;so of weapons,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 19; cf.:inmissi cum falcibus, etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 23, 65:vidi argenteum Cupidinem cum lampade,
holding, id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115:simulacrum Cereris cum faucibus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 49, §109: cum elephanti capite puer natus,
Liv. 27, 11, 5; cf.:cum quinque pedibus natus,
id. 30, 2, 10; 33, 1, 11; 27, 4, 14 al.: omnia cum pulchris animis Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 1; cf.Ter. ib.: Minucius cum vulnere gravi relatus in castra,
Liv. 9, 44, 14:te Romam venisse cum febri,
Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1; so id. de Or. 3, 2, 6; id. Clu. 62, 175: cum eisdem suis vitiis nobilissimus, with all his faults, i. e. in spite of, id. ib. 40, 112:ex eis qui cum imperio sint,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 3 Manut.; cf.:cum imperio aut magistratu,
Suet. Tib. 12 Bremi; v. imperium.—With idem (never of the identity of two subjects, but freq. of the relation of two subjects to the same object, etc.;D.v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 538): tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:quandoque tu... omnibus in eisdem flagitiis mecum versatus es,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187:Numidae... in eādem mecum Africā geniti,
Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 2; Val. Max. 6, 5, 3.—In the adverb. phrase, cum primis, with the foremost, i.e. especially, particularly (rare), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68; id. Brut. 62, 224.—Post-class. also as one word: cumprīmis, Gell. 1, 12, 7 al.► a.Cum in anastrophe. So always with the pers. pron.: mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 45, 154; Prisc. pp. 949 and 988 P.; and in gen. with the rel. pron.:b.quocum (quīcum), quacum, quibuscum, quīcum (for quocum),
Cic. Or. 45, 154; Liv. 38, 9, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, §§ 76 and 77; Caes. B. G. 1, 8; Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Att. 4, 9, 2; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Quint. 8, 6, 65; 10, 5, 7; 11, 2, 38. But where cum is emphatic, or a demonstrative pron. is understood, cum is placed before the rel.; cf.:his de rebus velim cum Pompeio, cum Camillo, cum quibus vobis videbitur, consideretis,
Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3:adhibuit sibi quindecim principes cum quibus causas cognovit,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82; Liv. 1, 45, 2.—Before et... et, connecting two substt.:III.cum et diurno et nocturno metu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66.In compounds the primitive form com was alone in use, and was unchanged before b, p, m: comburo, compono, committo, and a few words beginning with vowels: comes, comitium, and comitor; m was assimilated before r: corripio; often before l: colligo or conligo; rarely before n, as connumero, but usually dropped: conecto, conitor, conubium; with the change of m into n before all the remaining consonants: concutio, condono, confero, congero, conqueror, consumo, contero, convinco; so, conjicio, etc., but more usually conicio; and with the rejection of m before vowels and before h: coarguo, coëo, coinquino, coopto, cohibeo.—B.It designates,1.A being or bringing together of several objects: coëo, colloquor, convivor, etc.: colligo, compono, condo, etc.—2.The completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signif. of the simple word, as in commaculo, commendo, concito, etc., comminuo, concerpo, concido, convello, etc.2.Cum (ante-class. quom; freq. in MSS. of Cicero; the post-class. form quum is incorrectly given in many MSS. and edd.), conj. [pronom. stem ka- or kva- with acc. case ending].I.Of time, when, as, while, sometimes = after, since.A.In adverbial clauses dependent on non-preterite predicates.1.The time designated by cum being indefinite, when, if, whenever, always with indic., except in the instances A. 2.a.Cum with pres. indic., often equivalent to si.(α).With principal predicate in pres.:(β).nam omnes id faciunt quom se amari intellegunt,
Plaut. Truc. prol. 17:facile, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 9; Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 44; id. Poen. 4, 2, 20; id. Truc. 1, 1, 46; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 11:cum semen maturum habet, tum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; 41: quid? tum cum es iratus, permittis illi iracundiae dominationem animi tui? Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59:cum permagna praemia sunt, est causa peccandi,
id. Off. 3, 20, 79; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87:quidam vivere tunc incipiunt cum desinendum est,
Sen. Ep. 23, 11.—With principal predicate in fut. (rare):(γ).ad cujus igitur fidem confugiet cum per ejus fidem laeditur cui se commiserit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; id. Leg. 3, 10, 24; id. Fl. 17, 40; Verg. A. 12, 208.—With principal predicate in logical perf. (mostly poet.):b.haud invito ad auris sermo mi accessit tuos, Quom te postputasse omnis res prae parente intellego,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 33:qui cum levati morbo videntur, in eum de integro inciderunt,
Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 2:(dolor) Cum furit... Profuit incensos aestus avertere ( = prodest),
Verg. G. 3, 457:nemo non, cum alteri prodest, sibi profuit,
Sen. Ep. 81, 19; Cic. Att. 4, 18, 1; Liv. 8, 8, 11; Verg. A. 9, 435; id. G. 1, 288.—With logical perf. indic.(α).With principal predicate in pres. (very freq.), the perf. translated either by English pres. perf. or by pres.: omnia sunt incerta cum a jure discessum est, when we ( once) disregard the law, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 1:(β).gubernatores cum exultantes loligines viderunt... tempestatem significari putant,
id. Div. 2, 70, 145:cum depulsi sunt agni a matribus, diligentia adhibenda est ne, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17:cum ejus generis copia defecit, ad innocentium supplicia descendunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5:(hostis) cum intravit... modum a captivis non accipit,
Sen. Ira, 1, 8, 2:quia enim, cum prima cognovi, jungere extrema cupio,
Plin. Ep. 7, 10, 1; Cic. Or. 1, 33, 153; id. Div. 2, 26, 56; id. Brut. 24, 93; id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; id. Fam. 6, 3, 3; Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63; Caes. B. G. 4, 33; 5, 21; Liv. 22, 9, 8; 34, 31, 4; Val. Max. 8, 10 prooem.; 9, 6 init.; Sen. Ep. 3, 2; 21, 9; id. Cons. Helv. 13, 2; Curt. 3, 3, 18; Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 60; Quint. 4, 2, 122; 10, 7, 14.—In oblique clauses the perf. indic. may remain, or may be changed into perf. subj., even after preterites, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 26; 2, 20, 69.—With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.), Ov. P. 1, 5, 47.—(γ).With two logical perff. (rare):c.cum id factum est, tamen grex dominum non mutavit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6:quae cum se disposuit... summum bonum tetigit,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 5; id. Tranq. 17, 11; id. Ben. 1, 1, 5. —With fut.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).ita fere officia reperientur, cum quaeretur, quid deceat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 125; Auct. Her. 2, 7, 10; 2, 12, 17.— So with principal predicate in fut. imper:etiam tum cum verisimile erit aliquem commisisse... latratote,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57, id. Mur. 31, 65; id. Att. 3, 8, 4; Liv. 35, 19, 6.—With principal predicate in pres.:d.in talibus... stabilitas amicitiae confirmari potest, cum homines cupiditatibus imperabunt,
Cic. Lael. 22, 82; Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.—With fut. perf.(α).With principal predicate in pres.:(β).quam (spem), cum in otium venerimus, habere volumus,
Cic. Att. 1, 7:nec irascimur illis cum sessorem recusaverint,
Sen. Const. 12, 3; id. Cons. Marc. 7, 2.—With principal predicate in fut. indic.:(γ).cum haec erunt considerata, statim nostrae legis expositione... utemur,
Auct. Her. 2, 10, 15:cum viderit secari patrem suum filiumve, vir bonus non flebit?
Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 1.—In oblique clauses, dependent on preterites, it is changed to the pluperf. subj.:qui tum demum beatum terrarum orbem futurum praedicavit cum aut sapientes regnare, aut reges sapere coepissent,
Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 4.—With principal predicate in fut. imper.:(δ).cum tempestates pluviae fuerint, videtote quot dies, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 2, 3; 25 init.; 38.—With two fut. perff.:e.cum bene cesserit negotiatio, multum militia retulerit,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 6.—In partic.(α).In definitions with pres, indic.:(β).humile genus est (causae) cum contempta res adfertur,
Auct. Her. 1, 3, 5:purgatio est cum factum conceditur, culpa removetur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 15: maxima est capitis deminutio cum aliquis simul et civitatem et libertatem amittit, Gai Inst. 1, 160; Auct. Her. 1, 46; 2, 4, 6; 4, 12, 17; 4, 53, 66 et saep. —Etiam cum (less freq. cum etiam), even when (nearly = etiamsi), always with indic. if dependent on other than preterite predicates. (1) With pres.: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet, quom etiam cavet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:(γ).in quo scelere, etiam cum multae causae convenisse... videntur, tamen non temere creditur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:qui incolunt maritimas urbis, etiam cum manent corpore, animo tamen excursant,
id. Rep. 2, 4, 7; Curt. 6, 3, 10; Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 6.—(2) With fut.:etiam cum potentes nocere intendent,
Sen. Const. 4, 1. —(3) With fut. perf.:cum etiam plus contenderimus, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; Sen. Ben. 4, 13, 3.—(4) In oblique clauses with imperf. subj., Cic. Fragm. Tog. Cand. 15.—Anteclass. with indic. in addressing indefinite persons in rules, after imper.:2.sorba in sapa cum vis condere, arida facias,
Cato, R. R. 7 fin. — Always with indic. if a certain person is addressed; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59 (l. A. 1. a. a supra); id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47.—With subj. referring to indefinite time.a. (α).With pres. subj.:(β).acerbum'st pro benefactis quom mali messim metas,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 53:quom faciem videas, videtur esse quantivis preti,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 15; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 32; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 38; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7 and 8 et saep.:difficile est tacere cum doleas,
Cic. Sull. 10, 31:etiam interpretatio nominis habet acumen cum ad ridiculum convertas,
id. de Or. 2, 63, 257; 2, 64, 259; 2, 67, 269; 2, 75, 305; 3, 38, 156; Sen. Ep. 75, 4 et saep.—With perf. subj.:b.difficile est cum praestare omnibus concupieris, servare aequitatem,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64:quos (versus) cum cantu spoliaveris, nuda paene remanet oratio,
id. Or. 55, 183; id. Lael. 21, 77; id. Inv. 1, 47, 88; Sall. C. 12, 3; 51, 24; 58, 16.—In the jurists, in a clause exemplifying a general rule: cum ergo ita scriptum sit Heres Titius esto, addicere debemus, Gai Inst. 2, 165; so id. ib. 4, 97; 3, 161; Auct. Her. 4, 31, 42.—c.In the phrase audio cum dicat (I. F. 1, b. infra):d.saepe soleo audire Roscium cum ita dicat se, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 129.—When, after cum, an imperfect or pluperfect is used as a logical tense (post-Aug.): non tulit gratis qui cum rogasset accepit, who has asked for the favor, and, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 1, 4; 2, 3, 1; 2, 13, 2; id. Ep. 86, 8.—e.If the principal predicate is a potential subjunctive, an indefinite clause with a present or future after cum is always in the same mood:3.caveto quom ventus siet aut imber, effodias aut seras,
Cato, R. R. 28:quis tam dissoluto animo est qui, haec cum videat, tacere ac neglegere possit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 32; id. Planc. 39, 94; id. Clu. 55, 153; id. Inv. 1, 4, 87; 1, 51, 95; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 32, 43.—Of definite time, always with indic. (for exceptions, v. 4. infra), when, if, while (for the distinction between cum and si, cf.:a.formam mihi totius rei publicae, si jam es Romae, aut cum eris, velim mittas,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 4:quae si prodierit, atque adeo cum prodierit—scio enim proditurum esse—audiet,
id. Rosc. Am. 25, 100:si damnatus eris, atque adeo cum damnatus eris—nam dubitatio quae poterit esse? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; id. Or. 2, 75, 304; Sen. Ep. 83, 10).Cum with pres. indic.(α).Principal predicate in pres.:(β).certe, edepol, quom illum contemplo et formam cognosco meam... nimis simili'st mei,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 288; so id. Poen. 1, 2, 71; id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 45: Py. Ne fle. Ph. Non queo Quom te video, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 14; id. Am. 1, 1, 260; id. Rud. 3, 4, 38:potestne tibi ulla spes salutis ostendi cum recordaris in deos immortalis quam impius... fueris?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47: cum hoc vereor, et cupio tibi... parcere, rursus immuto voluntatem meam ( = while), id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95; Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4:equidem cum... recordor, vix aetatem Alexandri suffecturam fuisse reor ad unum bellum,
Liv. 9, 19, 12; Cic. Planc. 12, 29; id. Clu. 10, 29; Liv. 40, 46, 3:quod cum ita est,
if this is so, Quint. 24, 58 (cf.:quodsi ita est,
Cic. Mur. 2, 5); so,often, nunc cum: qui modo nusquam conparebas, nunc quom conpares, peris,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 2; so id. ib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 2, 17; id. As. 1, 2, 18; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 39:nos de injusto rege nihil loquimur, nunc cum de ipsa regali re publica quaerimus,
Cic. Rep. 3, 35, 47; Liv. 44, 39, 7.—So with logical perf. for the pres., Quint. 4, 2, 122.—But Cicero always uses nunc cum with a subj. when the clause, while designating present time, generally [p. 491] in opposition to a former time, implies a reason for the principal action, now that:quodsi tum, cum res publica severitatem desiderabat, vici naturam, etc., nunc cum omnes me causae ad misericordiam... vocent, quanto tandem studio, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 2, 3, 6; id. Fam. 9, 16, 7; id. Font. 15, 35 (25); id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; 17, 50; not found in later writers, except in the Gallic panegyrists, e. g. Eum. Grat. Act. 2 init. —With principal predicate in the logical perf., if (ante-class.):b.Curculio hercle verba mihi dedit quom cogito,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 27:sed tandem, quom recogito, qui potis est scire, haec scire me?
id. Stich. 2, 1, 29; id. Mil. 4, 8, 64.—Cum with logical perf. indic.(α).Principal predicate in pres.:(β).ergo quom optume fecisti, nunc adest occasio Benefacta cumulare,
after doing excellently, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 63: quo etiam major vir habendus est (Numa), cum illam sapientiam constituendae civitatis duobus prope saeculis ante cognovit, quam, etc. ( = siquidem, if he has; seeing that he has), Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; Verg. A. 9, 249.—With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.):c.at cumst imposta corona, Clamabis capiti vina subisse meo (est imposta = erit imposta),
Prop. 4 (5), 2, 30.—With fut.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).quom videbis tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; id. Am. 3, 3, 15; id. Men. 5, 7, 7; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; id. Heaut. prol. 33:sed cum certum sciam faciam te paulo ante certiorem,
Cic. Fam. 9, 23; 3, 11, 3; 12, 30, 5; 14, 3, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 53, 10.—With principal predicate in fut. perf.:(γ).cum tu haec leges, ego jam annuum munus confecero,
Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—With principal predicate in imper. fut.:(δ).mox quom imitabor Sauream, caveto ne succenseas,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 105; id. Mil. 3, 3, 59.—With principal predicate in subj. (potential):(ε).cum testes ex Sicilia dabo, quem volet ille eligat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48; id. Off. 1, 34, 122; 3, 10, 46; id. Att. 4, 9, 1; 4, 10, 2; 4, 17, 1 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, changed into imperf. subj., Caes. B. C. 2, 40; after other tenses it is either changed into pres. subj. or remains unchanged, Cic. Fam. 1, 56, 2; 1, 7, 4; Sall. C. 58, 8.—d.With fut. perf.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).mox dabo quom ab re divina rediero,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 193; id. Am. 1, 1, 43; 1, 2, 4; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 8:cum haec docuero, tum illud ostendam, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 4, 9; id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 3; id. de Or. 2, 33, 143; 2, 59, 239; id. Att. 3, 23, 5 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, the fut. perf. is changed into pluperf. subj., Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; 28, 78; Liv. 1, 56, 11; 5, 30, 1; after other tenses, and often in oblique oration, it remains unchanged, or is changed into perf. subj., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183; id. Fam. 2, 5, 2 dub.; Liv. 21, 13, 8; 3, 56, 10.—With principal predicate in imper. (almost always fut. imper.):(γ).quod quom dixero, si placuerit, Facitote,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 37:cum ego Granium testem produxero, refellito, si poteris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154; id. Marcell. 9, 27; id. Fam. 16, 4, 3; Tac. A. 1, 22.—With pres. imper., Liv. 24, 38, 7.—With principal predicate in subj. (potential):4.quae cum omnia collegeris, tum ipse velim judices satisne videatur,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 4; id. Or. 13, 41 dub.—In oblique clauses, after non-preterites, the fut. perf. remains unchanged:oro, ne me hodie, cum isti respondero, putetis, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10; id. Clu. 2, 6.—With subj. in definite time.a.Sometimes in oblique construction (3. c. e; 3. d. a).—b.Sometimes by attraction:c.curata fac sint quom a foro redeam domum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 6; 2, 3, 11; id. Stich. 1, 2, 8; id. Curc. 2, 2, 3:non admirere cum ego ipse me id ex te primum audisse confitear?
Cic. Planc. 24, 58. —In the semi-causal connection nunc cum, v. 3, a. a fin. supra.B.In adverbial anterior clauses dependent on preterite predicates, the time of the cum clause preceding that of the principal sentence (always with subj., except in the instances mentioned 2.; 3. a; and 5.), when, after.1.With pluperf. subj. (so generally): quom socios nostros mandisset impius Cyclops, Liv. And. Fragm. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 817 (Lubbert conjectures, without sufficient reason, mandit sex): quom saucius multifariam ibi factus esset, tamen volnus capiti nullum evenit, Cato, Orig. ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:2.portisculus signum cum dare coepisset,
Enn. Ann. v. 234 Vahl.:quom testamento patris partisset bona,
Afran. Com. Rel. v. 50 Rib.: quem quom ibi vidissent Hortensius Postumiusque, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 4, 32; Enn. Ann. v. 241 Vahl.; Turp. Com. Rel. v. 48 Rib.; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 394, 27 (the MSS. reading:quom venisset,
Plaut. As. 2, 3, 15, is corrupt):audivi summos homines cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas,
Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:haec cum Crassus dixisset, silentium est consecutum,
id. ib. 1, 35, 160:cum Thebani Lacedaemonios bello superavissent... aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,
id. Inv. 2, 23, 69:Dionysius cum fanum Proserpinae Locris expilavisset, navigabat Syracusas,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83:eo cum venisset, animadvertit ad alteram ripam magnas esse copias hostium,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18:Tarquinius et Tullia minor... cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur nuptiis,
Liv. 1, 46, 9 et saep. —With pluperf. indic.a.Ante-class. in place of the class. subj.:b.idem me pridem quom ei advorsum veneram, Facere atriensem voluerat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 28:Quid ais? Quom intellexeras, id consilium capere, quor non dixti extemplo,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 38.—If the pluperfect is a virtual imperfect, designating the time at which the main action took place, the principal predicate being likewise in the pluperfect, when the clause would require an indicative if placed in the imperfect (3. a. a): exspectationem nobis non parvam adtuleras cum scripseras Varronem tibi confirmasse, etc. ( = exspectabam cum legebam; cf. C. 3, a. a, 2.), Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 2, where the cum clause is relative; v. E.: Romae haud minus terroris... erat quam fuerat biennio ante cum castra Punica objecta Romanis moenibus fuerant (C. 3. a. a, 1.), Liv. 27, 44, 1; so id. 5, 28, 1; 26, 40, 17; 44, 10, 1.—c.If the clause indicates that the time of the main action is a period, subsequent to that of the action designated by the pluperfect:3.nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant, scimus Romae, solutione impedita, fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:cum ea consecutus nondum eram... tamen ista vestra nomina numquam sum admiratus,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Inv. 2, 42, 124; Caes. B. G. 7, 35; Liv. 24, 7, 1 sq.; Nep. Dat. 6, 5; Curt. 9, 10, 12; Verg. A. 5, 42.—If both predicates denote repeated action, the anterior clause with cum has the pluperf. indic. or subj.a.With pluperf. indic.(α).With principal predicate in imperf. indic. (so almost always in Cicero and Caesar; not in the poets, nor in Vell., Val. Max., Tac., Suet., or Plin.), whenever:(β).cum ad aliquod oppidum venerat, eadem lectica usque ad cubiculum deferebatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27; 2, 1, 46, § 120; 2, 3, 67, § 156; 2, 4, 61, § 137; 2, 5, 10, § 27; id. Fl. 7, 16; 10, 21; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68; id. Or. 32, 113; id. Brut. 24, 93:(Cassi vellaunus) cum equitatus noster se in agros ejecerat, essedarios ex silvis emittebat,
Caes. B. G. 5, 19; 3, 14; 3, 15; 4, 7; 5, 35; 7, 22; id. B. C. 1, 58; Sall. J. 92, 8; 44, 4:cum comminus venerant, gladiis a velitibus trucidabantur,
Liv. 38, 21, 12; Nep. Epam. 3, 6; Sen. Ep. 11, 4; Curt. 3, 10, 8; 3, 10, 11; Quint. 7, 1, 4; Gell. 15, 22, 5; 17, 18, 3; Gai Inst. 4, 15; Pacat. 9.—With principal predicate in perf. indic.:b.Pacuvius qui Syriam usu suam fecit, cum vino... sibi parentaverat,
Sen. Ep. 12, 8; 108, 14.—With pluperf. subj., an imperf. indic. in principal sentence:4.cum fossam latam cubiculari lecto circumdedisset, ejusque transitum... conjunxisset, eum ipse detorquebat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:cum cohortes ex acie procucurrissent, Numidae... effugiebant, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 41:cum in jus duci debitorem vidissent, undique convolabant,
Liv. 2, 27, 8; 25, 3, 11; 5, 48, 2.—In anterior clauses with imperf. subj.(α).When the principal clause expresses an immediate consequence ( = pluperf. subj.):(β).Demaratus cum audiret dominationem Cypseli confirmari, defugit patriam ( = cum audivisset),
Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34; Caes. B. G. 5, 17 et saep.—Where both verbs relate to one transaction, especially in remarks and replies:(γ).(Epaminondas) cum gravi vulnere exanimari se videret, quaesivit salvusne esset clipeus, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97:cum ex eo quaereretur quid esset dolus magnus, respondebat, etc.,
id. Off. 3. 14, 60; id. Or. 2, 69, 278; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Liv. 3, 71, 4 et saep.—When the principal action takes place during the action of the dependent clause:5.qui cum unum jam et alterum diem desideraretur, neque in eis locis inveniretur... liberti Asuvii in eum invadunt, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38.—For the perf. indic. instead of pluperf. subj. v. C. 1. d. infra.C.In adverbial clauses of coincident time dependent on preterites ( = eo tempore quo), the clause with cum designating the time at which or during which the main action took place, when, as, while.[The theory of the use of tenses and moods in these clauses is not fully settled. The older grammarians require the indicative if cum denotes pure time, but the subjunctive if denoting cause or relations similar to cause. Zumpt and others acknowledge that the rule is frequently not observed, attributing this to the predilection of the Latin language for the subjunctive. Recently Hoffmann (Zeitpartikeln der Lateinischen Sprache, 1st ed. 1860; 2d ed. 1873) and Lubbert (Syntax von Quom, 1870) have advanced the theory that cum requires the indicative if denoting absolute time, but the subjunctive if denoting relative time. They define absolute time as time co-ordinate or parallel with, or logically independent of, the time of the principal action, which performs the function of a chronological date for the principal action, and they consider it as a criterion that the clause might have constituted an independent sentence; while relative time is logically subordinate to the principal action. Hoffmann condenses his theory in the following words: cum with indicative names and describes the time at which the action of the principal sentence took place; cum with the subjunctive, on the contrary, designates the point of time at which, or the space of time during which, the action expressed in the principal sentence commenced or ended. The chief objections to this theory are: (1) Its vagueness.—(2) The facts that in many instances cum with the subjunctive clearly dates the main action (C. 3. a. b, 2, and 4.; C. 3. a. 5.; C. 3. b. b, 3. and 5.; C. 3. b. g infra); that many of the subjunctive clauses with cum may be transformed into independent sentences (C. 3. b. b, 2. and 3. infra); that many indicative clauses with cum are logically subordinate to the main action (C. 3. a. a, 2. infra), and that when both moods are used in two co-ordinated clauses with cum belonging to the same main sentence, Hoffmann must account for the difference of the moods by explanations not drawn from his theory (Cic. Agr. 2, 64, 64; id. Clu. 30, 83; id. Div. 1, 43, 97; id. Fin. 2, 19, 61; id. de Or. 67, 272; Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Liv. 6, 40, 17; 30, 44, 10).—(3) The impossibility of clearly drawing the line between logical co-ordination and subordination; and the fact that, wherever it is drawn, there will be many passages not accounted for (cf. 1. init. and many passages under C. 3. a. a, 3.; C. 3. a. d; C. 3. b. g, etc.).—(4) That the supposed use of cum with the imperfect indicative is inconsistent with the received doctrine that the imperfect always designates a time relative to another time—a difficulty not satisfactorily met by Hoffman's assumption of an aoristic imperfect.]GENERAL RULE.—The predicate after cum is in the perfect indicative (or historical present) if the action is conceived as a point of time coincident with the time of the main action. It is either in the imperfect indicative or in the imperfect subjunctive if the action is conceived as occupying a period of time within which the main action took place (e. g.:1.quid enim meus frater ab arte adjuvari potuit, cum... furem se videre respondit? Quid in omni oratione Crassus... cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220;where dicebat might stand for diceret, but not responderet for respondit: cum ad tribum Polliam ventum est, et praeco cunctaretur, etc.,
Liv. 29, 37, 8; cf.:cum tecum Ephesi collocutus sum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 55, 1; and:cum te Puteolis prosequerer,
id. ib. 3, 10, 8: cum primum lex coepta ferri est, Liv 3, 14, 4; and: cum [p. 492] ferretur lex, id. 5, 30, 4;also,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1, and Liv. 3, 58, 7).Both predicates in the perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), both clauses denoting points of time (the principal predicate may be in any verbal form implying a perfect).a.The clause expressing a momentary action:b.posticulum hoc recepit quom aedis vendidit, Flaut. Trin. 1, 2, 157: scilicet qui dudum tecum venit cum pallam mihi Detulisti,
id. Men. 2, 3, 46; prol. 62; id. Poen. 4, 2, 82; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 57; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21 et saep.:non tum cum emisti fundum Tusculanum, in leporario apri fuerunt,
Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 8:in judiciis quanta vis esset didicit cum est absolutus,
Cic. Tog. Cand. Fragm. 4:per tuas statuas vero cum dixit, vehementer risimus,
id. de Or. 2, 59, 242:cum occiditur Sex. Roscius, (servi) ibidem fuerunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120; id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; 1, 4, 11; 2, 2, 66, § 160; 2, 3, 47, § 112; id. Caecin. 29, 85; id. Sest. 55, 157; id. Phil. 2, 9, 21; id. Rep. 6, 22, 24; id. Fam. 9, 15, 2; id. Att. 2, 1, 5 et saep.:tunc flesse decuit cum adempta sunt nobis arma,
Liv. 3, 55, 10; 10, 6, 8; 28, 42, 14; 42, 46, 1; Vitr. 2, 8, 12; 2, 1, 7; 2, 9, 15;6, 7, 4: semel dumtaxat vultum mutavit, tunc cum... anulum in profundum dejecit,
Val. Max. 6, 9, 6; 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 1, ext. 1;9, 8, 1: rerum natura... cum visum est deinde, (filium tuum) repetiit,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 10, 4; 11, 2; id. Q. N. 1, 11, 3; 6, 25, 4:accepimus et serpentem latrasse cum pulsus est regno Tarquinius,
Plin. 8, 41, 63, § 153; 2, 24, 22, § 90; 2, 52, 53, § 139; Suet. Claud. 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 61; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 8; Tib. 3, 5, 18; Mart. 5, 49, 9.—So, cum primum, when first, the first time that, as soon as:jube vinum dari: jam dudum factum'st quom primum bibi,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 40; id. Cas. prol. 17; Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 31; id. And. prol. 1; id. Eun. 3, 3, 4:Pompeius cum primum contionem habuit... ostendit, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 15, 45; id. Fam. 2, 9, 1; Liv. 3, 55, 10; 25, 6, 2; 25, 29, 4; 31, 3, 1; 40, 8, 1; 42, 34, 3; Curt. 6, 11, 23; but with imperf. subj. when referring to a per. of time:ipse cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet, ad exercitum venit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2.—In the poets and later writers, the imperf. subj. often occurs where classic prose has the perf. indic.:effice ut idem status sit cum exigis qui fuit cum promitterem,
Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 4:tum lacrimare debueras cum equo calcaria subderes,
Curt. 7, 2, 6; Suet. Claud. 6; Ov. P. 4, 12, 28.—If the clause denotes a state, condition, or action of longer duration, it takes the perf. indic. if asserted as a complete fact without regard to what happened during its progress (virtual point of time):c.in quem Juppiter se convertit cum exportavit per mare... Europen,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5:ne cum in Sicilia quidem (bellum) fuit... pars ejus belli in Italiam ulla pervasit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6:nempe eo (lituo) Romulus regiones direxit tum cum urbem condidit,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125; id. Lig. 7, 20; id. Rep. 3, 32, 44:non tibi, cum in conspectu Roma fuit, succurrit? etc.,
Liv. 2, 40, 7; 34, 3, 7; Nep. Iphicr. 2, 4; id. Pelop. 4, 3.—With perf. indic., by the time when, before, referring to facts which actually occurred before the action of the principal sentence:d.ab Anaximandro moniti Lacedaemonii sunt ut urbem... linquerent, quod terrae motus instaret, tum cum... urbs tota corruit,
Cic. Div. 1, 50, 112; Liv. 22, 36, 4; 34, 31, 15; Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 53.—With perf. indic. when actions in immediate sequence are represented as coincident:2.ad quem cum accessimus, Appio, subridens, Recipis nos, inquit, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 2:me primus dolor percussit, Cotta cum est expulsus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 303:itaque ne tum quidem cum classem perdidisti, Mamertinis navem imperare ausus es,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59:haec cum facta sunt in concilio, magna spe et laetitia omnium discessum est,
Caes. B. C. 3, 87:cum Thessalos in armis esse nuntiatum est, Ap. Claudium... senatus misit,
Liv. 42, 5, 8:Gracchus cum ex Sardinia rediit, orationem ad populum habuit,
Gell. 15, 12, 1; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2; id. Deiot. 6, 17; id. Top. 16, 61; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; id. Fam. 5, 21, 2; Liv. 4, 44, 10; 4, 60, 8; 9, 25, 2; 22, 14, 12; Nep. Dat. 11, 1; Suet. Caes. 31; Gell. 1, 23, 5; Prop. 3, 20, 37 (4, 21, 7).—Hence a perf. indic. in co-ordination with pluperf. subj.: cum sol nocte visus esset... et cum caelum discessisse visum est (decemviri ad libros ire jussi sunt), Cic. Div. 1, 43, 97.—With a perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), the principal predicate in imperf.a.The action falling within the time of the principal predicate:b.set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis, quom hinc abit?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 107; id. Rud. 3, 6, 9; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:haec Crassi oratio cum edita est, quattuor et triginta tum habebat annos, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 43, 161:eo cum venio, praetor quiescebat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32; 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Fl. 13, 20; id. Pis. 1, 2; id. Lig. 1, 3; id. Phil. 2, 21, 52; 3, 4, 11; id. Fam. 13, 35, 2; id. Att. 6, 1, 13:cum Caesari in Galliam venit, alterius factionis principes erant Aedui, alterius Sequani,
Caes. B. G. 6, 12; Sall. J. 71, 1:cum haec accepta clades est, jam C. Horatius et T. Menenius consules erant,
Liv. 2, 51, 1; 21, 39, 4; 23, 49, 5; 28, 27, 14; 34, 16, 6;45, 39, 1: merito me non adgnoscis, nam cum hoc factum est, integer eram,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 3.—Post-class. writers generally use imperf. subj.:beneficium ei videberis dedisse cui tunc inimicissimus eras cum dares?
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 7:bona quoque, quae tunc habuit cum damnaretur, publicabuntur,
Dig. 28, 18, § 1:pauper Fabricius (erat) Pyrrhi cum sperneret aurum,
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 413.—The action strictly anterior to the principal sentence, rare (1. d.): nam quod conabar cum interventum'st dicere, nunc expedibo, Pac. ap. Non. p. 505, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 65 Rib.):3.cum est ad nos adlatum de temeritate eorum, etc., cetera mihi facillima videbantur... multaque mihi veniebant in mentem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; Sall. C. 51, 32; Verg. A. 6, 515; id. E. 3, 14.—The predicate after cum conceived as a period or space of time (including repeated action) is either in the imperf. indic. or imperf. subj. [In ante-classical writers and Cicero the imperf. indic. very frequent, and largely prevailing over the subj., except that when the principal predicate denotes a point of time (with perf.), Cicero commonly uses the subj.; the imperf. indic. occurs in Cicero 241 times; in Caesar once with the force of a relativeclause (B. G. 1, 40, 5), and 3 times of repeated action; in Nep. once of repeated action (Att. 9, 6); in Sall. twice (J. 31, 20; id. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch); in Liv. 22 times; in Verg. 4 times; in Ovid twice; in Tib. twice; in Prop. 3 times; in Val. Max. twice; then it disappears (except once each in Tac. and Mart.), but reappears in Gaius (3 times), Gellius (twice), and the Gallic panegyrists (several times)].a.Both predicates denoting spaces of time, the principal predicate always in the imperf. indic. unless the mood is changed by other influences.(α).Cum with the imperf. indic. (1) In express or implied opposition to other periods of time, esp. with tum or tunc:(β).eademne erat haec disciplina tibi quom tu adulescens eras?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 17:alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?
Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50; id. Most. 1, 3, 64; id. Mil. 2, 2, 26; Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 222 Vahl.):qui cum plures erant, paucis nobis exaequari non poterant, hi postquam pauciores sunt, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:qui (Pompeius) cum omnes Caesarem metuebamus ipse eum diligebat, postquam ille metuere coepit, etc.,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4:res per eosdem creditores per quos cum tu aderas agebatur,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 1 (cf.:Senatus consultum factum est de ambitu in Afranii sententiam quam ego dixeram cum tu adesses,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 3):Trebellium valde jam diligit: oderat tum cum ille tabulis novis adversabatur,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:non tam id sentiebam cum fruebar, quam tunc cum carebam,
id. Red. Quir. 1, 3:etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiebatur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 111 (so 111 times in Cicero, including the instances where the principal predicate is in the perf.):cum captivis redemptio negabatur, nos vulgo homines laudabant, nunc deteriore condicione sumus, etc.,
Liv. 25, 6, 14; 10, 7, 2; 33, 34, 3; 34, 4, 10; 44, 36, 8; 45, 38, 1; Ov. P. 2, 6, 9; id. M. 13, 473; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1; 4, 1, 10; Mart. 12, 70, 10; Gai Inst. 1, 184; Eum. Grat. Act. 6; cf.: cur eum, cum in consilium iretur, Cluentius et Canutius abesse patiebantur? Cur cum in consilium mittebant, Stajenum judicem qui pecuniam dederant, non requirebant? Cic. Clu. 30, 83 (cum iretur, of the time when the judges retired; cum mittebant, of the previous time, when the parties were asked about the closing of the case; opp. cum iretur).—Poets, even in the class. per., sometimes use the subj. in dependence upon the indic.:hic subito quantus cum viveret esse solebat, Exit humo,
Ov. M. 13, 441. —(2) The principal predicate denoting a mental act or reflection occasioned by, or accompanying the action of the clause with cum (mostly ante-class. and in Cicero):desipiebam mentis cum illa scripta mittebam tibi,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 35; id. Aul. 2, 2, 1; id. Ps. 1, 5, 86:sed tu cum et tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas, et cum eis praedabare, et... non statuebas tibi rationem esse reddendam?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:illas res tantas cum gerebam, non mihi mors, non exsilium ob oculos versabatur?
id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Cat. 3, 1, 3; 3, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; 2, 2, 13, § 33; 2, 2, 35, § 86; 2, 3, 86, § 198; 2, 5, 21, § 54; id. Fl. 1, 1; id. Deiot. 1, 3; 8, 23; id. Pis. 24, 56 and 57; id. Ac. 2, 28, 89; id. Or. 13, 41; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 43; id. Fam. 7, 9, 5 (22 times); Sall. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch (cf.:num P. Decius cum se devoveret, et equo admisso in mediam aciem Latinorum inruebat, aliquid... cogitabat?
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61; cum se devoveret explains the circumstances of inruebat; hence acc. to 3. a. b, 2. in subj.; cf. Madv. ad loc., who reads devoverat).—(3) If the predicate after cum has a meaning peculiar to the imperf. indic., which by the use of the subj. would be effaced: quod erat os tuum, cum videbas eos homines, quorum ex bonis istum anulus aureus donabas? (descriptive imperf.) Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187; so,fulgentis gladios hostium videbant Decii, cum in aciem eorum inruebant,
id. Tusc. 2, 24, 59: cum de plebe consulem non accipiebat ( = accipere nolebat, conative imperf.), id. Brut. 14, 55:cum vim quae esset in sensibus explicabamus, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 12, 37 (the verbum dicendi refers to a certain stage in the discourse, for which Cicero uses the imperf. indic. in independent sentences, e. g. N. D. 3, 29, 71; 3, 6, 15; de Or. 1, 53, 230; 2, 19, 83; 2, 84, 341); so,equidem... risum vix tenebam, cum Attico Lysiae Catonem nostrum comparabas,
id. Brut. 8, 293:cum censebam,
id. de Or. 1, 62, 264:cum dicebam,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 5:cum ponebas,
id. Fin. 2, 19, 63; so esp. in Cicero's letters the phrase cum haec scribebam = while I am writing this, to preserve the meaning of an epistolary tense, referring to a state, condition, or action in progress at the time of writing the letter:res, cum haec scribebam, erat in extremum adducta discrimen,
id. Fam. 12, 6, 2; 3, 12, 2; 5, 12, 2; 6, 4, 1; id. Att. 5, 20, 5 et saep.; cum haec scriberem, scripsissem, scripsi, are not epistolary tenses, but refer to events happening after the letter or part of it was finished, = when I wrote, had written, id. ib. 2, 15, 3; 10, 4, 7; 4, 10, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5; 8, 13, 2;sometimes cum dabam = cum scribebam,
Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 3 (but cf.:cum scriberem, as epistolary tense, in oblique discourse,
id. Att. 15, 13, 7).—(4) The coincidence in time of two actions is made emphatic, = eo ipso tempore quo:tum cum insula Delos... nihil timebat, non modo provinciis sed etiam Appia via jam carebamus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; id. Phil. 1, 15, 36; 13, 8, 17; id. Sull. 10, 31; id. Tusc. 2, 8, 20; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Dom. 45, 118.—The predicate after cum is in the imperf. subj. (1) To impart to the clause a causal, adversative or concessive meaning besides the temporal relation:(γ).antea cum equester ordo judicaret, improbi magistratus in provinciis inserviebant publicanis (a logical consequence),
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:sed cum jam honores (Hortensii) et illa senior auctoritas gravius quiddam requireret, remanebat idem (dicendi genus) nec decebat idem,
id. Brut. 95, 327; id. Phil. 1, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42; 16, 45; id. Pis. 10, 2; Liv. 25, 13, 1; 26, 5, 1.—(2) To indicate circumstances under which the main action took place, and by which it is explained:Flaminius, cum tripudio auspicaretur, pullarius diem differebat, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77: [p. 493] equidem cum peterem magistratum, solebam in prensando dimittere a me Scaevolam, id. de Or. 1, 24, 112; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52; Liv. 41, 1, 2 (cf. 3. b. b, 3.).—(3) To describe the locality of the main action: quom essem in provincia legatus, quam plures ad praetores et consules vinum honorarium dabant, Cato ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 3, 8:Zenonem cum Athenis essem audiebam frequenter,
Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 59; 1, 28, 79; id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; id. Att. 2, 11, 1; 12, 5, 4; 16, 14, 1; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 29; Liv. 5, 54, 3 (cf. 3. b. b, 4.).—(4) To designate the time of the main action as a condition:cum ageremus vitae supremum diem, scribebamus hoc,
Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 54:cum jam in exitu annus esset, Q. Marcius... magistratu abiturus erat,
Liv. 39, 23, 1 (cf. 3. b. b, 5.).—If both the clause with cum and the principal predicate denote repeated action, the predicate with cum in class. prose is in the imperf. indic. or subj. according to the rules under a and b; the principal predicate being always in the imperf. indic.; but in ante-class. writers cum has always the imperf. indic. (1) Imperf. indic.:(δ).tum mi aedes quoque arridebant, quom ad te veniebam, tuae,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Am. 1, 1, 45; id. Rud. 4, 7, 25 sqq.; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 19; Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 5; Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 4; Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 79, 2; Gai Inst. 2, 101; Pacat. Pan. 9 fin.:cum a nostro Catone laudabar vel reprehendi me a ceteris facile patiebar,
Cic. Or. 13, 41; so Nep. Att. 9, 6.—To distinguish from adversative relations, as Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Caes. B. C. 3, 44, 6; Gai Inst. 2, 254.—If only the clause with cum, but not the principal predicate, denotes repeated action, the latter is in the perf., the former in imperf. indic., Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Cic. Arch. 5, 10.—(2) Imperf. subj., mostly denoting circumstances to explain the main action: cum dilectus antiquitus fieret... tribunus militaris adigebat, etc., Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:Hortensius cum partiretur tecum causas, prorogandi locum semper tibi relinquebat,
Cic. Brut. 51, 190; id. Div. 1, 45, 102; id. de Or. 1, 54, 232; id. Brut. 62, 222; Liv. 3, 66, 2; 5, 25, 12:ex hoc effectos panes, cum in colloquiis Pompeiani famem nostris objectarent, vulgo in eos jaciebant (causal),
Caes. B. C. 3, 48; Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62; so,according to class. usage,
Sen. Ep. 86, 11; Curt. 5, 2, 7; 6, 5, 18; 7, 3, 13; Suet. Caes. 65;contrary to class. usage,
Val. Max. 3, 6, 6; Sen. Ep. 30, 7; 77, 8; Tac. H. 2, 91; Spart. Had. 18. —In other instances (which are rare), both moods occur, either without any discrimination, or for special reasons. (1) Ante-class.:b.nam quom modo exibat foras, ad portum se aibat ire,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 2. —(2) Class.:ut, cum L. Opimii causam defendebat, C. Carbo nihil de Gracchi nece negabat, sed id jure factum esse dicebat,
Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 106 (cf.:nuper cum ego C. Sergii Oratae... causam defenderem, nonne omnis nostra in jure versata defensio est?
id. ib. 1, 39, 178; in each of these sentences the clause with cum sustains exactly the same relation to the principal predicate; but the former has the imperf. in the principal sentence, and in this connection Cic. prefers the indic. after cum):similiter arbitror... illum (oratorem) de toto illo genere non plus quaesiturum esse, quid dicat, quam Polycletum illum, cum Herculem fingebat, quem ad modum pellem aut hydram fingeret (fingebat, for euphony, in view of the foll. fingeret),
id. de Or. 2, 16, 70; cf.:nec vero ille artifex cum faceret Jovis formam... contemplabatur aliquem, e quo similitudinem duceret,
id. Or. 2, 9.—Without assignable reason:casu, cum legerem tuas litteras, Hirtius erat apud me,
Cic. Att. 15, 1, 2; cf.:Hasdrubal tum forte cum haec gerebantur, apud Syphacem erat,
Liv. 29, 31, 1:cum haec Romae agebantur, Chalcide Antiochus ipse sollicitabat civitatium animos, etc.,
id. 36, 5, 1; cf.:cum haec in Hispania gererentur, comitiorum jam appetebat dies,
id. 35, 8, 1 (Weissenb. gerebantur):cum haec agebantur, Chalcide erat Antiochus,
id. 36, 15, 1; cf.:cum haec agerentur jam consul via Labicana ad fanum Quietis erat,
id. 4, 41, 8; 35, 2, 1.—(3) PostAug. writers almost always use imperf. subj., disregarding the class. usage: ipsa fruebatur arte cum pingeret (cf. a, 2.), Sen. Ep. 9, 7; id. Cons. Marc. 23, 3; Plin. Pan. 34:tunc erat mendacio locus cum ignota essent externa... nunc vero, etc. (opposition of times),
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 24; so id. Ep. 97, 9; Mart. 2, 61, 1; cf. Don. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13 (3. a. a, 1. supra):cum haec proderem habebant et Caesares juvenes sturnum, etc.,
Plin. 10, 41, 59, § 120.—If the principal predicate denotes a point of time, and the predicate with cum a period of time, the former is in the perf. indic. unless changed by construction; the latter(α).In the imperf. indic., according to the rules a. a, except 2. (1) When the time of the cum clause is opposed to other periods of time:(β).res quom animam agebat tum esse offusam oportuit,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 85; id. Truc. 4, 2, 20; id. Ep. 3, 3, 50 (3, 4, 21); id. Most. 5, 1, 68:quod cum res agebatur nemo in me dixit, id tot annis post tu es inventus qui diceres?
Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 22; id. Rep. 2, 23, 43; id. Div. 1, 41, 92; 1, 45, 101; id. Ac. 2, 28, 90; id. Quint. 19, 60; 17, 54; 19, 61; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210 et saep.; Liv. 22, 60, 25; Verg. A. 4, 597; Tib. 1, 10, 8; 1, 10, 19; Prop. 2, 1, 31; 5 (4), 10, 24.—The subj. may be used if the principal action is represented as a consequence or result:o, Astaphium, haut isto modo solita's me ante appellare, Sed blande, quom illuc quod aput vos nunc est, aput me haberem,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 60 (Lubbert conjectures habebam); Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2 and 3; id. Fin. 4, 27, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 11; id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 130; id. Mur. 3, 8; Liv. 5, 53, 9; 10, 6, 9; 43, 21, 1;44, 39, 7.— Hence the mood may change in co-ordinate clauses: tum, cum haberet haec res publica Luscinos, Calatinos, etc., homines... patientia paupertatis ornatos, et tum, cum erant Catones, Phili, etc., tamen hujusce modi res commissa nemini est (haberet, concessive),
Cic. Agr. 2, 24, 64.—(2) To make emphatic the coincidence of time, = eo ipso tempore (a. a, 4.):cum is triumphus de Liguribus agebatur, Ligures... coloniam ipsam ceperunt,
Liv. 41, 14, 1; Cic. Sest. 26, 56; id. Phil. 2, 36, 90; id. Div. 2, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 97; id. Att. 1, 4, 1.—(3) To preserve the peculiar force of the imperf. indic. (a. a, 3.): cum iste jam decedebat, ejus modi litteras ad eos misit, etc. (conative imperf.), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:cum Africanus censor tribu movebat centurionem... inquit,
id. de Or. 2, 67, 272 (cf.:cum (censor) M. Antistio equum ademisset,
id. ib. 2, 71, 287).—With the imperf. subj. (1) Always when cum means while (time during which): quomque caput caderet, carmen tuba sola peregit et, etc., Enn. ap. Lact. ad Stat. Th. 11, 56 (Ann. v. 508 Vahl.):(γ).magistratus quom ibi adesset, occepta'st agi,
Ter. Eun. prol. 22 (Lubbert conjectures adsedit); Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):Alexandrum uxor sua, cum simul cubaret, occidit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:armati, cum sui utrosque adhortarentur... in medium inter duas acies procedunt,
Liv. 1, 25, 1; Varr. R. R. 2, 81; Auct. Her. 4, 52, 65; Cic. Brut. 3, 10; id. Clu. 62, 175; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 3, 57; Liv. 1, 30, 8; 10, 30, 3 et saep.—(2) To connect a logical (causal, etc.) relation with the temporal meaning (a. b, 1.):cum ille Romuli senatus... temptaret ut ipse gereret sine rege rem publicam, populus id non tulit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 23:an pater familiarissimis suis succensuit cum Sullam et defenderent et laudarent? (causal),
id. Sull. 17, 49:tum cum bello sociorum tota Italia arderet, homo non acerrimus... C. Norbanus in summo otio fuit (concessive),
id. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 8:quibus rebus cum unus in civitate maxime floreret, incidit in eandem invidiam, etc. (adversative),
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:sed cum jam appropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset... tunc injecta trepidatio est,
Liv. 44, 28, 10; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211; id. Clu. 31, 84; id. Mur. 3, 8; id. Phil. 3, 2, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33; Caes. B. C. 2, 7; Liv. 25, 9, 10; 21, 41, 12.—(3) To explain the main fact by circumstances:quem quidem hercle ego, in exilium quom iret, redduxi domum,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 19:consule me, cum esset designatus tribunus, obtulit in discrimen vitam suam,
Cic. Sest. 28, 61:haec epistula est, quam nos, in aedibus Apronii cum litteras conquireremus, invenimus,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 154: Socrates, cum XXX. tyranni essent, pedem porta non extulit, id. Att. 8, 2, 4:Brundusii cum loquerer cum Phania, veni in eum sermonem ut dicerem, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:itaque, cum populum in curias triginta divideret, nomina earum (Sabinarum) curiis imposuit,
Liv. 1, 13, 6:Ap. Claudius, ovans cum in urbem iniret, decem milia pondo argenti, etc., in aerarium tulit,
id. 41, 28, 6; Cic. Clu. 20, 55; id. Phil. 12, 8, 20; id. Scaur. 47; id. Inv. 2, 31, 96; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Div. 1, 52, 119; id. Off. 2, 8, 27; id. Or. 2, 55, 225 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 13; 6, 6, 5; Liv. 1, 39, 4; 3, 63, 6; 4, 53, 11 et saep.—(4) To describe the place of the main action (a. a, 3.):cum essem in castris ad fluvium Pyramum, redditae mihi sunt uno tempore a te epistulae duae,
Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1;so with cum essem (essemus, etc.),
id. ib. 2, 19, 1; 3, 4, 1; 13, 56, 1; id. Att. 1, 10, 1; 14, 19, 1; id. Ac. 1, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Varr. R. R. 3, 13; Caes. B. G. 4, 11 et saep.:Eumenes rex ab Roma cum in regnum rediret... mactatus est ( = on the journey),
Liv. 42, 40, 8:Agesilaus cum ex Aegypto reverteretur... in morbum implicitus decessit,
Nep. Ages. 8, 6.—The perf. indic. (cum fui, etc.) refers to temporary visits to a place:Gallo narravi, cum proxime Romae fui, quid audissem,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 2:proxime cum in patria mea fui, venit ad me, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3.—(5) To designate the time by natural occurrences (a. a, 4.):ipsi comprehensi a me, cum jam dilucesceret, deducuntur,
Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6:cum advesperasceret, cum lucesceret,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 8:cum lux appropinquaret,
id. Tull. 9, 21:cum dies instaret,
id. Inv. 2, 31, 96:cum comitiorum tempus adpeteret,
Liv. 28, 10, 1:cum dies comitiorum adpropinquaret,
id. 3, 34, 7; 10, 13, 2.—But when a date is given as a point of time, the perf. indic. is used:cum ea dies venit,
Liv. 4, 44, 10; 6, 20, 4.—(6) When the action of the cum clause is interrupted or ended by the main action:cum hanc jam epistulam complicarem, tabellarii a vobis venerunt, etc.,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 17:L. Octavius, cum multas jam causas diceret, adulescens est mortuus,
id. Brut. 68, 241:cum plures jam tribus dicto esse audientem pontifici duumvirum juberent... ultimum de caelo quod comitia turbaret intervenit,
Liv. 40, 42, 10:cum maxime conquereretur apud patres... repente strepitus ante curiam... auditur,
id. 8, 33, 4:haec cum maxime dissereret, intervenit Tarquinius,
id. 1, 50, 7;so with cum maxime,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 23, 24, 6; 30, 33, 12.—(7) If the clause with cum has the force of a participial adjunct of the principal predicate (cum diceret = dicens, or dicendo):Caesarem saepe accusavit, cum adfirmaret illum numquam, dum haec natio viveret, sine cura futurum ( = adfirmans, or adfirmando),
Cic. Sest. 63, 132:Antigonus in proelio, cum adversus Seleucum dimicaret, occisus est ( = dimicans),
Nep. Reg. 3, 2:impulit ut cuperem habere, cum diceret,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 8; Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9 (11), 3; id. Clu. 42, 119; 56, 153; id. pro Corn. Maj. Fragm. 16; id. Mil. 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 57, 243; id. Or. 37, 129; id. Fin. 1, 5, 16; id. Inv. 2, 34, 105; Val. Max. 1, 2, ext. 1; Ov. P. 1, 9, 42.—(8) In the historians, in a summary reference to events already related:cum haec in Achaia atque apud Dyrrhachium gererentur... Caesar mittit, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57:cum civitas in opere ac labore adsiduo reficiendae urbis teneretur, interim Q. Fabio... dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:cum hic status in Boeotia esset, Perseus... misit,
id. 42, 56, 10; 33, 36, 1; 34, 22, 3; 38, 8, 1; 42, 64, 1; 45, 11, 1.—In all other cases the imperf. subj. is regularly used in class. prose, even if the action of the clause with cum is logically independent of the principal sentence:D.illum saepe audivi, hic, cum ego judicare jam aliquid possem, abfuit,
Cic. Brut. 71, 248: senatus consultum est factum de ambitu in Afranii sententiam, in quam ego dixeram, cum tu adesses. id. Q. Fr. 2, 7 (9), 3; so always (class.) with cum maxime, precisely when, just when:cum maxime haec in senatu agerentur, Canuleius... (ad populum) ita disseruit,
Liv. 4, 3, 1:cum maxime Capua circumvallaretur, Syracusarum oppugnatio ad finem venit,
id. 25, 23, 1.—In a very few instances the imperf. indic. occurs without apparent reason: an vero cum honos agebatur familiae vestrae... succensuit [p. 494] pater tuus cum Sullam defenderent (probably to distinguish the two cum clauses), Cic. Sull. 17, 49 (cf.:cum jus amicitiae, societatis, adfinitatis ageretur, cum, etc., eo tempore tu non modo non... retulisti, sed ne ipse quidem, etc.,
id. Quint. 16, 53):ille versus, qui in te erat collatus cum aedilitatem petebas,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8:cum ex oppido exportabatur (Dianae statua) quem conventum mulierum factum esse arbitramini?... Quid hoc tota Sicilia est clarius quam omnes convenisse cum Diana exportaretur ex oppido? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77.—Poets and post-class. writers frequently disregard the class. usage, the former by using either mood instead of the other, the latter by the un-Ciceronian use of the subj.; v. Prop. 2, 9, 15; 5 (4), 4, 10; Tib. 1, 10, 16; Verg. A. 7, 148; 12, 735; Mart. 13, 122; Curt. 8, 12, 16; 9, 2, 24; Quint. 11, 1, 89; Plin. 36, 6, 5, § 46; Dig. 28, 1, 22, § 1; Gell. strangely uses an imperf. indic. where class. writers would use a subj.:sed ego, homines cum considerabam, alterum fidei, alterum probri plenum, nequaquam adduci potui ad absolvendum,
Gell. 14, 2, 10; cf.:cum secum reputavit,
Tac. A. 15, 54.In adverbial clauses denoting identity of action (if the principal sentence and the clause with cum denote not different actions, but one action, which, expressed by the latter clause, is by the principal sentence defined in its meaning and import, the clause with cum always takes the indic., except once or twice post-class., and almost always the same tense as the principal sentence), when, by, in, etc.1.The predicate in present:2.amice facis Quom me laudas,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 31; id. Poen. 3, 2, 12; 3, 5, 15; Ter. And. prol. 18; id. Ad. 1, 2, 16 et saep.:bene facitis cum venitis,
Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63:quae cum taces, nulla esse concedis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54; 21, 58; id. Clu. 47, 132; Liv. 25, 6, 5 et saep.—With fut. (rare):3.cum igitur proferent aliquid hujusmodi... inventum proferent,
Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 75; id. Fl. 39, 99; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 9.—With fut. perf. (rare):4.quod cum dederis, illud dederis ut is absolvatur,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 23; id. Lig. 12, 36; id. Part. Or. 39; Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41.—With perf.:5.fecisti furtum quom istaec flagitia me celavisti et patrem,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 60; 1, 2, 52; id. Cas. 4, 4, 18 (22); id. Capt. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Phorm. prol. 32 et saep.:loco ille motus est cum ex urbe est depulsus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; id. Fam. 11, 29, 2; id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39; Liv. 5, 49, 8; 9, 8, 4; Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 1; Curt. 6, 10, 9; Quint. 1, 10, 47 et saep.—With histor. pres.:6.Orestes cum se defendit, in matrem confert crimen,
Auct. Her. 1, 15, 25.—With imperf.:7.cum grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant, adulescentiae temeritatem verebantur,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47; 14, 10, 28; id. Fl. 33, 83; id. Lig. 6, 18; id. Fam. 6, 1, 3; id. Off. 3, 10, 40; id. Sen. 6, 15 et saep.—Imperf. with perf. ( poet. and post-class.;8.very rare): quid quod et ominibus certis prohibebar amori Indulgere meo, tum cum mihi ferre jubenti Excidit et fecit spes nostras cera caducas,
Ov. M. 9, 595 sq.; Val. Max. 9, 1, 5.—With pluperf. (very rare):* 9.exspectationem nobis non parvam attuleras cum scripseras, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; id. Sest. 16, 37.—Pluperf. and imperf.:10.quod quidem tibi ostenderam cum a me Capuam reiciebam,
Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, 5.—Imperf. subj. (post-class.):11.tunc venena edebat bibebatque, cum immensis epulis non delectaretur tantum, sed gloriaretur,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 10.—Often relatively added to nouns when a relative clause must be supplied:E.illa scelera... cum ejus domum evertisti, cujus, etc.,
which you committed when (by), Cic. Pis. 34, 83; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33; Liv. 5, 3, 4; 23, 9, 11; 29, 17, 9.In relative clauses, = quo tempore, quo, etc.1.Dependent on nouns designating time, the mood follows the general rules of relative clauses.a.The principal sentence is a formal statement of indefinite time, with the copula (tempus fuit cum, or fuit cum, analogous to sunt qui, etc.); generally with subj., but sometimes indic., when sunt qui would take this mood.(α).With pres. or fut. indic.: nunc est profecto (i. e. tempus), interfici quom perpeti me possum (the ante-class. writers construe sunt qui with indic.), Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 3; id. And. 1, 1, 125:(β).jam aderit tempus quom sese etiam ipse oderit,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 12; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 28.—With pres. subj.: nunc est ille dies quom gloria maxima sese nobis ostendat, si vivimus, sive morimur, Enn. ap. Prisc. 10, p. 880 P. (Ann. v. 383 Vahl.); so Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 1:(γ).erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet aliquando dies cum... amicissimi benevolentiam desideres,
Cic. Mil. 25, 69; Val. Max. 6, 2, 9.—With preterites, indic., Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 29:(δ).fuit quoddam tempus cum in agris homines bestiarum more vagabantur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2 (cf.:fuerunt alia genera qui... dicebant,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62):fuit cum hoc dici poterat (potuisset would be hypothetical),
Liv. 7, 32, 13.—With preterites, subj., Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 1:b.quod fuit tempus cum rura colerent homines,
Varr. R. R. 3, 1:ac fuit cum mihi quoque initium requiescendi concessum arbitrarer,
Cic. Or. 1, 1, 1; so id. Brut. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 6, 24.—Attributively with nouns denoting time (tempus, dies, etc.), in ordinary sentences.(α).With pres. or fut. indic.:(β).incidunt saepe tempora cum ea commutantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:longum illud tempus cum non ero, etc.,
id. Att. 12, 8, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177; id. Quint. 2, 8; id. Sen. 23, 84.—With potential subj., Cic. Att. 3, 3.—With past tenses, indic., Plaut. Am. prol. 91; id. rud. 2, 6, 12; Ter. And. 5, 3, 12:(γ).atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat,
Cic. Lig. 7, 20:memini noctis illius cum... pollicebar,
id. Planc. 42, 101; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; 2, 35, 88; id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; id. Sest. 7, 15; 29, 62; id. Sull. 18, 52; id. Fam. 11, 8, 1; 11, 27, 3; id. de Or. 1, 11, 45; Sall. J. 31, 20; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 6; Prop. 1, 10, 5; 1, 22, 5; Gell. 1, 23, 2 et saep.—So with nouns implying time:illa pugna quom, etc. ( = in qua),
Plaut. Poen. 2, 26;Marcellino Consule, cum ego... putabam ( = anno Marcellini, quo, etc.),
Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4:patrum nostrorum memoria cum exercitus videbatur ( = tempore quo),
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2; Liv. 6, 40, 17.—With preterites in subj., Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:c.accepit enim agrum iis temporibus cum jacerent pretia praediorum,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; so id. Off. 2, 19, 65:numerandus est ille annus cum obmutuisset senatus?
id. Pis. 12, 26; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; id. Rep. 2, 37, 62; id. Font. 3, 6; Liv. 3, 65, 8:haec scripsi postridie ejus diei cum castra haberem Mopsuhestiae (cf. habebam, as epistolary tense),
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 10.—If the clause does not define the noun, but is a co-ordinate designation of time, it follows the rule of adverbial clauses:eodem anno, cum omnia infida Romanis essent, Capuae quoque conjurationes factae,
while, Liv. 9, 26, 5; Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; Liv. 8, 15, 1; 1, 41, 6.—Appositively added to temporal adverbs and to dates (heri, hodie, medius, tertius, olim, antea, quondam, nuper, olim, postea) following the rules of adverbial clauses:2.Crassus hodie, cum vos non adessetis, posuit idem, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 41:omnia quae a te nudius tertius dicta sunt, cum docere velles, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 7, 18; id. Sest. 48, 103; id. Att. 4, 3, 2; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Caes. B. C. 2, 17 et saep.—So with dates (always subj.. except with cum haec scribebam, or dabam):posteaquam Pompeius apud populum ad VIII. Id. Febr., cum pro Milone diceret, clamore convicioque jactatus est,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 1; 3, 3, 1; 3, 4, 1; 4, 2, 1; id. Att. 14, 19, 1.—The principal sentence defines a period of time during which the action of the clause has or had lasted, always with indic., and after the words defining the period, = per quod tempus, when, that, during which, while, etc.a.With pres., = Engl. pres. perf.(α).With cardinal, definite or indefinite. (1) Time in acc. (ante-class.):(β).hanc domum Jam multos annos est quom possideo,
that I have been the owner, Plaut. Aul. prol. 4; cf. id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—(2) Time in nom.:anni sunt octo cum ista causa in ista meditatione versatur,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; id. Or. 51, 171; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1; id. Div. 2, 36, 76.—With ordinals:(γ).vigesimus annus est, cum omnes scelerati me unum petunt,
Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Verg. A. 5, 627; 3, 646.—With diu:b.jam diu'st quom ventri victum non datis,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 146; Gell. 1, 25, 12.—Perf. with negation, the principal predicate in pres. or logical perf., = Engl. pres. perf.:c.quia septem menses sunt quom in hasce aedes pedem Nemo intro tetulit,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 39; id. Men. 3, 1, 3; Prop. 3, 8, 33 (2, 16, 33. —With pluperf., the principal predicate in imperf.:d.permulti jam anni erant cum inter patricios magistratus tribunosque nulla certamina fuerant,
Liv. 9, 33, 3.—With imperf., the principal predicate in perf. or pluperf.:3.dies triginta aut plus in ea navi fui, Quom interea semper mortem exspectabam miser,
Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 7:unus et alter dies intercesserat, cum res parum certa videbatur,
Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—The principal sentence specifying a period of time which has or had elapsed since the action took place, = ex ejus tempore, since or after, always with indic.; the principal predicate pres. or logical perf., cum with perf. indic.a.With cardinals.(α).Time in acc. (ante-class.):(β).annos factum'st sedecim Quom conspicatus est primo crepusculo Puellam exponi,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 39; so probably id. Pers. 1, 3, 57; id. Trin. 2, 4, 1; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—With nom.:b.nondum centum et decem anni sunt cum de pecuniis repetundis lata lex est,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75; id. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 9, 11, A, 2.—With diu or dudum:c.nam illi quidem haut sane diu'st quom dentes exciderunt,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 42; id. As. 2, 1, 3; id. Trin. 4, 3, 3.—Peculiarly, cum referring to an action which was to be done after a period of time, before, at the end of which:4.omnino biduum supererat cum exercitui frumentum metiri oporteret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23. —In inverted clauses, the principal sentence determining the time of the clause, cum ( = quo tempore) having the force of a relative; cum with the indic. always following the principal sentence; never in oblique discourse; very freq. in class. and post-class. writings (ante-class. only Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 3; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40; id. Eun. 4, 2, 5); principal sentence often with jam, vix, vixdum, nondum, tantum quod, and commodum; cum often with subito, repente, sometimes interim, tamen, etiamtum.a.Principal sentence defining time by temporal expressions.(α).Principal sentence with pluperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(β).dies nondum decem intercesserant cum ille alter filius necatur,
Cic. Clu. 9, 28; id. Verr. 1, 2, 36; id. Or. 2, 21, 89; Ov. M. 9, 715; Plin. Pan. 91, 1.—(2) Cum with histor. inf., Sall. J. 98, 2.—Principal sentence with imperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(γ).nondum lucebat cum Ameriae scitum est,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97; Liv. 21, 59, 5; 41, 26, 2; 22, 1, 1; 9, 33, 3; 9, 37, 5; Verg. G. 2, 340; Curt. 4, 3, 16; 5, 12, 6 al.—(2) Cum with imperf., Curt. 6, 7, 1.—Principal sentence with perf., cum with perf.:b.dies haud multi intercesserunt cum ex Leontinis praesidium... venerunt,
Liv. 24, 29, 1; 40, 48, 4.—Principal sentence not containing expressions of time; most freq. with pluperf. or imperf. in principal sentence, and perf. or histor. pres. in clause with cum, but (far more rarely) many other combinations occur.(α).Principal sentence with imperf., cum with perf.:(β).non dubitabat Minucius quin, etc., cum repente jubetur dicere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 29, § 72:jamque hoc facere noctu adparabant cum matres familiae repente... procucurrerunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 36; Liv. 1, 36, 1 (57 times); Verg. A. 1, 36 (26 times); Vell. 2, 28, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 18, 3; Tac. A. 3, 1 (31 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (19 times); Plin. Ep. 6, 24, 2.—Principal sentence with pluperf., cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(γ).jam Sora capta erat cum consules prima luce advenere,
Liv. 9, 24, 13 (32 times); Cic. Clu. 9, 28 (14 times); Sall. J. 60, 6; Verg. A. 1, 586 (13 times); Tac. A. 1, 19 (13 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (18 times). —And cum with potential subj.:vix erat hoc plane imperatum cum illum spoliatum... videres,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86.—Principal sentence with perf., Cic. Sest. 37, 39 (5 times); Liv. 2, 46, 3 (8 times).—(δ).Principal sentence with histor. inf., Liv. 5, 46, 1; Tac. A. 1, 11; 11, 16; Curt. 5, 9, 1; 9, 5, 1.—(ε).Principal sentence with histor. pres., Liv. 4, 32, 1 (3 times); Ov. M. 4, 695 (5 times).—(ζ).Cum with imperf., Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17 (3 times); Sall. J. 51, 2; Liv. 44, 10, 6; Tac. A. 1, 51; 11, 26.—(η).Cum with [p. 495] histor. inf., Liv. 2, 27, 1; Tac. A. 2, 31 (6 times); Curt. 4, 4, 9.—(θ).Cum with pluperf., Liv. 2, 46, 3 (3 times); Ov. M. 14, 581; Verg. A. 2, 256 sq.—(κ).With logical perf., or logical perf. and pres. (rare):5.quam multi enim jam oratores commemorati sunt... cum tamen spisse ad Antonium Crassumque pervenimus,
Cic. Brut. 36, 138:jamque fuga timidum caput abdidit alte (coluber), Cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur,
Verg. G. 3, 422.—In clauses added loosely or parenthetically to a preceding clause or to a substantive in it (the mood governed by the rules for relative clauses).a.When, on an occasion, on which, etc.(α).With perf. indic.:(β).Hortensium maxime probavi pro Messala dicentem, cum tu abfuisti,
Cic. Brut. 96, 328; id. Phil. 11, 8, 18; id. Dom. 9, 22; 53, 136; id. Fam. 13, 75, 1; Spart. Had. 3; Flor. 1, 18, 9 (1, 13, 19).—With imperf. indic.:(γ).num infitiari potes te illo ipso die meis praesidiis circumclusum commovere te non potuisse, cum tu nostra... caede contentum esse dicebas?
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7; id. Sest. 63, 131; id. Cael. 24, 59.—Cum with pres. indic., a past tense in principal sentence (mostly poet.):(δ).nox erat et placidum carpebant fessa soporem Corpora... cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, Cum tacet omnis ager, etc.,
Verg. A. 4, 522; 8, 407; 12, 114; id. E. 8, 15; Hor. S. 1, 10, 31; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 22.—Imperf. subj.: qui... accensi nulla deinde vi sustineri potuere, cum compulsi in castra Romani rursus obsiderentur, in consequence of which ( = ita ut), Liv. 3, 5, 8.—(ε).So freq. cum quidem, always with indic.:b.sed uterque noster cedere cogebatur, cum quidem ille pollicitus est, se quod velletis esse facturum,
Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; id. Fl. 22, 53; id. Pis. 9, 21; 34, 83 and 84; id. Leg. 2, 6, 14; id. Sen. 4, 11; Suet. Caes. 50; Spart. Had. 9; id. Ael. Ver. 4.—Cum tamen, at which time however, and yet, while nevertheless, representing the principal sentence as concessive, analogous to qui tamen (v. tamen).(α).With indic., like qui tamen, always, except for particular reasons:(β).fit gemitus omnium et clamor, cum tamen a praesenti supplicio tuo continuit populus Romanus se, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 29, § 74; id. Pis. 12, 27; Liv. 6, 42, 11; Verg. A. 9, 513; Tac. H. 1, 62; so,cum nihilo magis,
Nep. Dat. 10, 3; passing over into inverted cum clauses (4. b.), as Sall. J. 98, 2; Liv. 27, 20, 11.—With subj., Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; Liv. 4, 31, 6 (where the clause with cum is adverbial).—6.Cum interea (interim).a.Adverbial (rare).(α).Temporal with subj.; with subj. imperf., while, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62; with pluperf. subj., after, id. ib. 1, 2, 9, § 25; id. Fam. 15, 43.—(β).Adversative, with subj., whereas during this time. (1) Pres.:b.simulat se eorum praesidio conflteri, cum interea aliud quiddam jam diu machinetur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15; Val. Max. 2, 9, 1; Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 14.—(2) With perf. subj.:cum tu interim vero numquam significaris sententiam tuam,
Cic. Pis. 4, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11 dub.; Val. Max. 7, 8, 6.—(3) With imperf. subj., Cic. Sull. 5, 6; Plin. Pan. 76, 1.—Relative, always with indic., in class. writings always referring to a period during which, belonging,(α).To the attributive clauses (v. 2. supra). (1) In pres.:(β).anni sunt octo... cum interea Cluentianae pecuniae vestigium nullum invenitis,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; Liv. 5, 54, 5; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 33.— (2) In imperf., Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 8 (2. c.).—To the inverted clauses (4.):(γ).tanta erat in his locis multitudo cum interim Rufio noster... hominem percussit,
Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2.—So probably: cum interim Gallus quidam processit, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 5; id. Pis. 38, 92 sq.; id. Tusc. 4, 3, 6; Sall. J. 12, 5; 49, 4; Liv. 3, 37, 5; Val. Max. 8, 1, 3; 9, 7, 2; Sen. Ira, 2, 33, 4; Tac. H. 1, 60; with indefinite pres. indic. in both terms, Sen. Cons. Marc. 11, 5.—To the additional clauses (5.). (1) With perf. indic., Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 3; Flor. 4, 2, 69; 4, 12, 33; with inf. in oblique discourse, Liv. 4, 51, 4; 6, 27, 6.—(2) Post-Aug., and in Nep., = cum tamen (5. b.), while nevertheless, whereas, with pres. or perf. indic.:F.post Leuctricam pugnam Lacedaemonii se numquam refecerunt... cum interim Agesilaus non destitit patriam juvare,
Nep. Ages. 7, 1: cum interim Oedipodis ossa... colis, Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3; 3, 4, 5; 4, 4, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 18; 10, 1, 11; 12, 10, 67; Tac. H. 4, 42; Suet. Claud. 6; Flor. 4, 12, 33.In clauses completing the idea of the governing verb.1.After verbs of perception (videre, perspicere, audire, etc.; audivi cum diceres, etc. = audivi te dicentem).a.Dependent on verbs of seeing and feeling.(α).With indic.:(β).nam ipsi vident eorum quom auferimus bona ( = nos auferre or auferentes),
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 16; id. Poen. 3, 4, 13; id. Am. 5, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 65; id. Mil. 2, 6, 26:conspectum est cum obiit,
Liv. 5, 25, 3.—With subj.:b.is... numquam est conspectus cum veniret,
Cic. Sest. 59, 126:vidi... Cum tu terga dares,
Ov. M. 13, 224.—After verbs of hearing, always with subj.:c.L. Flaccum ego audivi cum diceret Caeciliam exisse, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104; id. Par. 6, 1, 45; id. de Or. 2, 6, 22; 2, 28, 129; 2, 33, 144; 2, 37, 155; 2, 90, 365; id. Brut. 27, 85; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; id. Fam. 3, 7, 4; Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—After memini, with indic. (sc. tempus):2.memini quom... haud audebat,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 53:memini cum mihi desipere videbare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 1.—With subj.:memini cum velles residere ferventissimo sole,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—After verba adfectuum, with the force of quod, always with indic. (mostly ante-class.).a.Verbs of thanking:b.habeo gratiam tibi Quom copiam istam mi et potestatem facis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 14; id. Curc. 5, 3, 21; id. As. 3, 2, 2; id. Most. 2, 2, 2; id. Poen. 1, 2, 46; 5, 4, 84 (99); Ter. And. 4, 4, 32; id. Ad. 1, 2, 59:tibi maximas gratias ago, cum tantum litterae meae potuerunt, ut eis lectis, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24, 2.—Of congratulation:c.quom tu's aucta liberis... gratulor,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 33; 2, 6, 35: L. Caesar, O mi Cicero, inquit, gratulor tibi cum tantum vales apud Dolabellam, etc., L. Caesar ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 3; and ib. Att. 14, 17, A, 3.—Of rejoicing and grieving:d.quom istaec res tibi ex sententia Pulcre evenit, gaudeo,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 10; id. Poen. 5, 5, 48:cum vero in C. Matii familiaritatem venisti, non dici potest quam valde gaudeam,
Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; Sall. J. 102, 5.—Dependent on optative sentences:G.di tibi bene faciant semper quom advocatus bene mi ades,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 19.Elliptical usages (without predicate).1.Cum maxime.a.With ut: hanc Bacchidem Amabat, ut quom maxime, tum Pamphilus ( = ut amabat tum quom maxume amabat, as much as he ever did), Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40:b.etiamne ea neglegamus, quae fiunt cum maxime, quae videmus?
Cic. Har. Resp. 15, 32.—Hence,By abbreviation: nunc cum maxime or cum maxime alone, now especially, just now: tum cum maxime, just then:2.nunc cum maxume operis aliquid facere credo,
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 2; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 26; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 40:quae multos jam annos et nunc cum maxime filium interfectum cupit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12:castra amissa, et tum cum maxime ardere,
Liv. 40, 32, 1; Curt. 3, 2, 17; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 3; id. Ben. 3, 3, 3; id. Ep. 55, 1; 55, 11; 81, 7; Tac. Or. 16; 37; Eum. pro Schol. 4; Mamert. 2.—With maxime in adverbial clauses, just while, especially when, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 3; id. Off. 1, 13, 41; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 1, 50, 7; 2, 59, 7; 3, 25, 4; 3, 31, 3; 4, 3, 1; 8, 33, 4 et saep.—Similarly with other superlatives (post-class.):H.foliis ternis, aut, cum plurimum, quaternis,
at the utmost, Plin. 25, 10, 74, § 121; 18, 7, 10, § 60:cum tardissime,
id. 18, 7, 10, § 51:cum longissime,
Suet. Tib. 38.For co-ordinate clauses with cum... tum, v. tum, I. A. 3.II.Causal, since, because, as.A.Anteclass., chiefly with indic.1.With pres. indic.:2.hoc hic quidem homines tam brevem vitam colunt, Quom hasce herbas hujus modi in suom alvom congerunt,
because, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 34; id. Truc. 1, 2, 50; 2, 4, 8:edepol, merito esse iratum arbitror, Quom apud te tam parva'st ei fides,
since, id. Ps. 1, 5, 62; id. Most. 1, 1, 28; id. Truc. 2, 1, 32; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 30; id. Hec. 4, 1, 53.—With perf. indic.:3.praesertim quom is me dignum quoi concrederet Habuit, me habere honorem ejus ingenio decet,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 66; Ter. And. 3, 2, 8.—With subj.a.By construction of principal sentence: adeon, me fuisse fungum ut qui illi crederem, Quom mi ipsum nomen ejus Clamaret, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 51; id. Capt. 1, 2, 37; Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6; id. Eun. 3, 5, 18; 5, 2, 24.—b.Independent of such construction:B.jam istoc probior es meo quidem animo quom in amore temperes,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8 (bracketed by Goetz;Brix conjectures temperas): nil miror si lubenter tu hic eras, Quom ego servos quando aspicio hunc lacrumem quia dijungimur,
id. Mil. 4, 8, 18 Lorenz (Brix: quin ego... lacrumo; cf.Lubbert, Grammat. Stud. II. pp. 133, 137): Nam puerum injussu eredo non tollent meo, Praesertim in ea re quom sit mi adjutrix socrus,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 82; so id. Ad. 2, 1, 12.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.With pres. subj.:2.cum ista sis auctoritate, non debes arripere maledictum ex trivio,
Cic. Mur. 6, 13:cum vita sine amicis insidiarum et metus plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias comparare,
id. Fin. 1, 20, 66:quae cum ita sint, videamus, etc.,
id. Clu. 44, 123:quod cum ita sit, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; id. Mur. 1, 2; id. Arch. 5, 10; id. Off. 3, 3, 13; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 9, 5; 21, 21, 5 et saep.—With perf. subj.:3.cum inimicitiae fuerint numquam, opinio injuriae beneficiis sit exstincta... rei publicae providebo,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; id. de Or. 1, 49, 214; the perf. subj. is often retained after a principal predicate in a past tense, id. Clu. 60, 167; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4.—With imperf. subj.a.Denoting both cause and coincidence of time:b.vacuum fundum, cum ego adessem, possidere non potuisti,
Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; Cic. Or. 8, 25:cum tanta multitudo lapides et tela conicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6; id. B. C. 3, 1; Liv. 39, 31, 3; 4, 8, 3; 25, 11, 1.—Denoting cause without time:4.cum esset egens, sumptuosus, audax... ad omnem fraudem versare suam mentem coepit,
Cic. Clu. 26, 70:quod oppidum cum esset altissimo et munitissimo loco, ad existimationem imperii arbitratus sum, comprimere eorum audaciam,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 10; Caes. B. C. 3, 37.—With pluperf. subj.:C.Caesar cum constituisset hiemare in continenti, neque multum aestatis superesset, obsides imperat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 22.With adverbs of emphasis.1.Praesertim cum, or cum praesertim, = especially since, the more so because:2.quae cum ita sint, quid est quod de ejus civitate dubitetis, praesertim cum aliis quoque civitatibus fuerit adscriptus?
Cic. Arch. 5, 10:cur enim tibi hoc non gratificor nescio, praesertim cum his temporibus audacia pro sapientia liceat uti,
id. Fam. 1, 10, 1:cum praesertim vos alium miseritis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16 (cum praesertim rarely refers to time, with indic., Sen. Ep. 85, 6).—Quippe cum represents the conclusion as selfevident, since of course, since obviously:3.nihil est virtute amabilius, quippe cum propter virtutem etiam eos, quos numquam videmus, quodammodo diligamus,
Cic. Lael. 8, 28:numquam ego pecunias istorum, etc., in bonis rebus duxi, quippe cum viderem, etc.,
id. Par. 1, 1, 6; id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; 1, 20, 54; id. Fin. 3, 12, 41; 5, 28, 84; Liv. 4, 27, 8; 4, 57, 10.—Sometimes with indic. if cum refers to time, when of course, if, of course: tu vero etiam si reprehenderes... laetarer: quippe cum in reprehensione est prudentia cum eumeneiai, Cic. Att. 16, 11, 2.—In later writers with indic., because when:omnia experiri necessitas cogebat: quippe cum primas spes fortuna destituit, futura praesentibus videntur esse potiora,
Curt. 4, 1, 29.—Utpote cum, seeing that, explanatory, with subj.:III.me incommoda valetudo qua jam emerseram, utpote cum sine febri laborassem, tenebat Brundusii,
Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1; Cels. 1 prooem.; Sen. Cons. Marc. 21, 2.Adversative, while, whereas, denoting a logical contrast with the principal sentence.A.Ante-class., chiefly,1.With indic.:2.hei mihi, insanire me aiunt, ultro quom ipsi insaniunt,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 80; id. Stich. 1, 37; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 5; Ter. Phorm. prol. 23; 2, 2, 26.—Subj.a.By construction of principal predicate:b.tibi obtemperem quom tu mihi nequeas?
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 16 (4, 1, 50).—Independent of construction: edepol, Cupido, quom tam pausillus sis, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. p. 421, 25 (Lubbert conjectures quom [p. 496] tu's tam pausillus):B.eo vos madefacitis, quom ego sim hic siccus?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.With pres. subj.:2.cum de bonis et de caede agatur, testimonium dicturus est is qui et sector est et sicarius,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 103; id. Clu. 24, 65; id. Leg. 1, 7, 22:et cum tibi, viro, liceat purpura in veste stragula uti, matrem familias tuam purpureum amiculum habere non sines?
Liv. 34, 7, 3; Sen. Prov. 4, 10; id. Clem. 1, 18, 2; id. Ben. 2, 16, 1.—With perf. subj.: an tu, cum omnem auctoritatem universi ordinis pro pignore putaris, eamque... concideris, me his existimas pignoribus terreri? Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4:3.indignatur exul aliquid sibi deesse, cum defuerit Scipioni dos?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 12, 7; id. Ira, 3, 12, 7; freq. pres. and perf. subj. retained, if dependent on preterites, Cic. Brut. 71, 250; id. Agr. 3, 2, 5.—With imperf. subj.:4.ita, cum maximis eum rebus liberares, perparvam amicitiae culpam relinquebas,
Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:hunc Egnatium censores, cum patrem eicerent, retinuerunt,
id. Clu. 48, 135:eorum erat V. milium numerus, cum ipsi non amplius octingentos equites haberent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 11; Liv. 1, 55, 3; Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 1; 1, 53, 227; 2, 50, 203; id. Clu. 5, 12; id. Ac. 1, 10, 38 sq.; Liv. 39, 49, 1; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11; 3, 2, 10 fin. —With pluperf. subj.:IV.Socratis ingenium immortalitati scriptis suis Plato tradidit, cum ipse litteram Socrates nullam reliquisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 60; id. Ac. 2, 1, 2; id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; Val. Max. 1, 8, 11.Concessive, although, denoting a reason for the contrary of the principal sentence.A.Ante-class., mostly with indic.1.Indic.:2.qui it lavatum In balineas, quom ibi sedulo sua vestimenta servat, Tam subripiuntur,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 26; id. Truc. 1, 2, 89 (95); id. Stich. 1, 2, 67.—With subj.: nihilominus ipsi lucet, quom illi accenderit, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. Rel. v. 389 Rib.).B.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.Pres. subj.:2.testis est Graecia, quae cum eloquentiae studio sit incensa, jamdiuque excellat in ea... tamen omnis artis vetustiores habet,
Cic. Brut. 7, 26:nam (Druentia) cum aquae vim vehat ingentem, non tamen navium patiens est,
Liv. 21, 31, 11.—Imperf. subj.:3.ego autem, cum consilium tuum probarem, et idem ipse sentirem, nihil proficiebam,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non poterant tamen, cum cuperent, Apronium imitari,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78; id. de Or. 1, 28, 126; id. Brut. 7, 28; 91, 314; id. Inv. 2, 31, 97; id. Clu. 40, 110; Caes. B. G. 5, 40; Liv. 5, 38, 5; Nep. Att. 13, 1; so,quae cum ita essent... tamen,
although this was so, Cic. Clu. 34, 94; id. Fam. 2, 16, 2.—With pluperf. subj.:V.cui cum Cato et Caninius intercessissent, tamen est perscripta,
Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 4:patrem meum, cum proscriptus non esset, jugulastis,
id. Rosc. Am. 11, 32.In hypothetical clauses, always with imperf. or pluperf. subj., = si, but defining an assumed or fictitious time.1.With imperf. subj.:2.quis ex populo, cum Scaevolam dicentem audiret in ea causa, quicquam politius aut elegantius exspectaret?
Cic. Brut. 55, 194:etiam tum quiesceretis cum rem publicam a facinorosissimis sicariis esse oppressam videretis?
id. Sest. 38, 81; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, §§ 28 and 29.—With pluperf. subj.:quod esset judicium cum de Verris turpissimo comitatu tres recuperatorum nomine adsedissent?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30:mors cum exstinxisset invidiam, res ejus gestae sempiterni nominis glorianiterentur,
id. Balb. 6, 16.
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