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  • 21 settle

    ['setl] 1. гл.
    1)
    а) = settle up урегулировать, разрешить (спор, конфликт); положить конец ( разногласиям)

    We hope the factions will be able to settle their differences by peaceful means. — Надеемся, что фракции сумеют уладить свои разногласия мирным путём.

    that settles the matter / the question — вопрос исчерпан

    Syn:
    в) = settle up оплачивать (что-л.); расплачиваться

    I should be able to settle with you at the end of the month. — Мне нужно будет расплатиться с тобой в конце месяца.

    I'll settle up and meet you outside the hotel. — Я расплачусь и буду ждать вас у входа в отель.

    2) разделаться, расквитаться

    to settle smb.'s hash — разделаться, покончить с кем-л., убить кого-л.

    I'd like to settle with the man who attacked my daughter! — Я хочу разделаться с человеком, который напал на мою дочь.

    Syn:
    3) решить, принять решение

    George will be there? That settles it. I'm not coming. — А Джордж там будет? Что, ж, это решает всё - я не пойду.

    It's settled then. I'll go back to the States in June. — Решено: я возвращаюсь в Штаты в июне.

    4)
    а) = settle down поселить, устроить

    The people who had escaped from the war were settled in a special camp. — Людей, которые бежали от войны, поместили в специальный лагерь.

    б) поселиться, обосноваться; организовать поселение, колонизировать (какую-л. местность)

    This region was settled by the Dutch in the nineteenth century. — В 19-м веке эта местность была заселена голландскими колонистами.

    Syn:
    в) = settle down / in обосноваться на новом месте, обустроиться

    Let me get the children settled in their new school first. — Дайте мне сначала устроить детей в новую школу.

    How long did it take you to settle down in this country? — Сколько времени вам потребовалось, чтобы обжиться в этой стране?

    When we've settled in properly, we'll invite all our friends. — Как только мы как следует обустроимся, мы пригласим всех наших друзей.

    г) амер.; разг. сажать в тюрьму, приговаривать к лишению свободы
    5) = settle down
    а) усаживаться; устраиваться; (удобно) располагаться

    The dog settled on the grass to enjoy its bone. — Собака удобно расположилась на траве, чтобы спокойно погрызть косточку.

    б) усаживать; укладывать

    She led him up on a porch and settled him down on a bench. — Она проводила его на террасу и усадила на скамейку.

    Settling himself down in his favourite chair, he lit his pipe. — Устроившись поудобнее в своем любимом кресле, он закурил трубку.

    Syn:
    seat 2.
    6) ( settle to) = settle down to приступать, браться за (какое-л. дело), начинать (что-л.)

    The boy couldn't settle down to his homework. — Мальчик никак не мог взяться за уроки.

    7) = settle down
    а) успокаивать, утихомиривать

    I took a pill to help settle my nerves. — Я принял таблетку, чтобы успокоить нервы.

    Please go upstairs and settle the children down. — Пожалуйста, поднимитесь наверх и успокойте детей.

    б) приходить в норму, улаживаться, успокаиваться

    At last all the excitement had settled down. — Наконец возбуждение улеглось.

    •
    Syn:
    8) ( settle for) согласиться на (что-л.); довольствоваться (чем-л.)

    Many women refuse to settle for staying at home. — Многие женщины отказываются довольствоваться ролью домохозяйки.

    9) юр. оговаривать в завещании, завещать

    The old lady settled a small fortune on the young man who had helped her. — Старая леди завещала небольшое состояние молодому человеку, который помогал ей.

    10)
    а) оседать ( о пыли), ложиться ( о снеге)

    Snow settled on the roofs. — Снег лежал на крышах домов.

    Dust had settled on everything. — Повсюду лежала пыль.

    Two birds settled on the fence. — Две птицы уселись на заборе.

    11)
    а) отстаиваться, давать осадок
    в) оседать ( о конструкции), садиться, опускаться вниз
    г) мор. опускать реи, паруса
    •
    Syn:
    descend, sink 2., lower I 2.
    12) останавливать (глаза, взгляд на ком-л.)

    His gaze settled on her face. — Его взгляд остановился на её лице.

    13) (settle over / on) установиться (об атмосфере и т. п.)

    An uneasy silence settled over the room. — В комнате установилось тяжёлое молчание.

    14) появиться, застыть ( о выражении лица)

    A disapproving frown settled on her face. — Она неодобрительно нахмурилась.

    •
    - settle in
    ••

    to settle an old score / account — свести старые счёты, поквитаться (с кем-л.)

    2. сущ.; уст.
    скамья со спинкой и подлокотниками, имеющая ящик под сиденьем

    Англо-русский современный словарь > settle

  • 22 west

    west [west]
    1 noun
    (a) Geography ouest m;
    ∎ in the west à l'ouest, dans l'ouest;
    ∎ the house lies to the west (of the town) la maison se trouve à l'ouest (de la ville);
    ∎ two miles to the west trois kilomètres à l'ouest;
    ∎ look towards the west regardez vers l'ouest;
    ∎ I was born in the west je suis né dans l'Ouest;
    ∎ in the west of Austria dans l'ouest de l'Autriche;
    ∎ on the west of the island à l'ouest de l'île;
    ∎ the wind is in the west le vent est à l'ouest;
    ∎ the wind is coming from the west le vent vient ou souffle de l'ouest;
    ∎ the West (the Occident) l'Occident m, les pays mpl occidentaux; (in US) l'Ouest m (États situés à l'ouest du Mississippi)
    (b) Cards ouest m
    (a) Geography ouest (inv), de l'ouest; (country) de l'Ouest; (wall) exposé à l'ouest;
    ∎ the west coast la côte ouest;
    ∎ in west London dans l'ouest de Londres;
    ∎ on the west side du côté ouest
    (b) (wind) d'ouest
    à l'ouest; (travel) vers l'ouest, en direction de l'ouest;
    ∎ the village lies west of Manchester le village est situé à l'ouest de Manchester;
    ∎ the living room faces west la salle de séjour est exposée à l'ouest;
    ∎ the path heads (due) west le chemin va ou mène (droit) vers l'ouest;
    ∎ drive west until you come to a main road roulez vers l'ouest jusqu'à ce que vous arriviez à une route principale;
    ∎ I travelled west je suis allé vers l'ouest;
    ∎ he travelled west for three days pendant trois jours, il a voyagé en direction de l'ouest;
    ∎ to sail west naviguer cap sur l'ouest;
    ∎ it's 20 miles west of Edinburgh c'est à 32 kilomètres à l'ouest d'Édimbourg;
    ∎ west by north/by south ouest-quart-nord-ouest/ouest-quart-sud-ouest;
    ∎ the school lies further west of the town hall l'école se trouve plus à l'ouest de la mairie;
    ∎ to go west aller à ou vers l'ouest; familiar humorous (person) passer l'arme à gauche; (thing) tomber à l'eau;
    ∎ familiar there's another job gone west! encore un emploi de perdu!
    ►► West Africa Afrique f occidentale;
    1 noun
    habitant(e) m,f de l'Afrique occidentale
    (languages, states) de l'Afrique occidentale, ouest-africain;
    the West Bank la Cisjordanie;
    ∎ on the West Bank en Cisjordanie;
    formerly West Berlin Berlin m Ouest;
    formerly West Berliner habitant(e) m,f de Berlin Ouest;
    Irish familiar pejorative West Brit = terme péjoratif désignant les Irlandais qui cherchent à s'angliciser par l'accent, le mode de vie etc;
    the West Coast la côte ouest (des États-Unis);
    the West Country = le sud-ouest de l'Angleterre (Cornouailles, Devon et Somerset);
    ∎ in the West Country dans le sud-ouest de l'Angleterre; the West End
    (in general) les quartiers mpl ouest; (of London) le West End (centre touristique et commercial de la ville de Londres connu pour ses théâtres);
    ∎ in the West End dans le West End; formerly West German
    1 noun
    Allemand(e) m,f de l'Ouest
    ouest-allemand;
    formerly West Germany Allemagne f de l'Ouest;
    ∎ in West Germany en Allemagne de l'Ouest;
    Geography West Glamorgan le West Glamorgan, = comté du sud-ouest du pays de Galles;
    ∎ in West Glamorgan dans le West Glamorgan;
    West Highland terrier terrier m écossais, West Highland terrier m; West Indian
    1 noun
    Antillais(e) m,f
    antillais;
    the West Indies les Antilles fpl;
    ∎ in the West Indies aux Antilles;
    ∎ the French West Indies les Antilles françaises;
    ∎ the Dutch West Indies les Antilles néerlandaises;
    the West Midlands les West Midlands mpl, = comté du centre de l'Angleterre;
    ∎ in the West Midlands dans les West Midlands;
    West Point = importante école militaire américaine;
    American the West Side les quartiers mpl ouest de New York;
    West Sussex le Sussex occidental, = comté du sud de l'Angleterre;
    ∎ in West Sussex dans le Sussex occidental;
    West Virginia la Virginie-Occidentale;
    ∎ in West Virginia en Virginie-Occidentale;
    West Yorkshire le West Yorkshire, = comté du nord de l'Angleterre;
    ∎ in West Yorkshire dans le West Yorkshire
    ✾ Film 'Once Upon a Time in the West' Leone 'Il était une fois dans l'ouest'
    ⓘ Go West young man On attribue cette phrase ("va vers l'Ouest, jeune homme") à John Soule, journaliste américain de l'Indiana qui l'aurait employée pour la première fois en 1851. Il s'agit d'une allusion à la colonisation de l'ouest américain mais on emploie cette formule dans d'autres contextes, lorsque quelqu'un part en voyage vers l'Ouest, quel que soit le pays où il se trouve, ou bien en l'adaptant en remplaçant "ouest" par un autre terme. On utilise aussi cette expression pour encourager quelqu'un à faire preuve d'ambition et à se déplacer de façon à trouver du travail.

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > west

  • 23 ♦ colour

    ♦ colour, ( USA) color /ˈkʌlə(r)/
    A n.
    1 [cu] colore; tinta: What colour is it?, di che colore è?; DIALOGO → - Shoes- Do you have these shoes in any other colours?, ha queste scarpe in altri colori?; fundamental (o primary, simple) colours, colori fondamentali; a bright colour, un colore vivace; una tinta vivace; soft colours, tinte tenui; fast colours, colori solidi; tinte solide; range of colours, gamma di colori; in colour, a colori
    2 sostanza colorante; colore; tinta
    3 [uc] colore (della pelle): discrimination on the basis of colour, discriminazione in base al colore della pelle; people of colour, gente di colore; children of all colours, bambini di ogni colore
    4 ( di carnagione) colore, colorito; ( anche) rossore: to have a high colour, avere un colorito acceso; to get one's colour back, riprendere colore; to change colour, cambiar colore; impallidire; to lose colour, perdere il colorito; diventare pallido; to bring colour to sb. 's cheeks, colorire le guance a q.
    5 [u] (rif. a scena, descrizione, ecc.) colore: full of colour, pieno di colore; pittoresco; local colour, colore locale; to add colour to, rendere colorito ( un resoconto, una descrizione, ecc.); to give (o to lend) colour to, dare colore di verità a; dare verosimiglianza a; rendere plausibile; avvalorare
    6 significato; sfumatura; colore
    7 (al pl.) bandiera ( di reggimento o di nave); bandiera nazionale: the regimental colours, la bandiera del reggimento; the Dutch colours, la bandiera olandese; to salute the colours, salutare la bandiera; (naut.) to lower one's colours, ammainare la bandiera ( in segno di resa)
    8 (al pl.) (naut., USA) alzabandiera; ammainabandiera
    9 (al pl.) ( sport) colori ( di una squadra): to get (o to win) one's colours, essere scelto a far parte di una squadra; entrare in squadra
    10 (al pl., = school colours) distintivo (o berretto, sciarpa, ecc.) con i colori di una scuola
    11 (fis. nucl.) colore ( di quark)
    12 (mus.) colorito
    13 (arald.) colore; smalto
    14 [u] (leg.) parvenza, apparenza; presunzione, pretesa: colour of right, parvenza di diritto; colour of title, presunzione di un diritto
    B a.
    1 del colore; dei colori; di colori; cromatico: (fisiol.) colour vision, visione del colore; colour chart, carta dei colori; colour shade, gradazione (o tonalità) di colore; colour scheme, combinazione di colori; disposizione dei colori; colour matching, armonizzazione cromatica (o dei colori)
    2 a colori: colour television, televisione a colori; colour illustrations, illustrazioni a colori; (fotogr.) colour film, pellicola a colori; (tipogr.) colour printing, stampa a colori, cromotipia
    3 che riguarda il colore della pelle; razziale: colour prejudice, pregiudizio razziale
    ● colour bar, discriminazione razziale □ colour-bar code, codice a barre colorate □ (mil.) colour bearer, portabandiera; alfiere □ colour-blind, (med.) daltonico; (fotogr.) ortocromatico; (fam., in USA) che non fa discriminazioni razziali NOTA D'USO: - daltonic o colour-blind?- □ colour-blindness, (med.) cecità ai colori, acromatopsia; ( anche) daltonismo □ colour code, codice a colori (per identificare qc.) □ colour-keyed, contrassegnato secondo un codice a colori □ ( USA) colour line = colour bar ► sopra □ (tecn.) colour matching, equilibratura dei colori □ (leg.) colour of right, parvenza di diritto □ (comput.) colour management, gestione dei colori □ (comput.) colour palette, tavolozza dei colori □ (mil., in GB) colour sergeant, sergente maggiore ( dei Royal Marines) □ colour slide, diapositiva a colori □ (comput.) colour space, spazio colore ( modello per la rappresentazione dei colori) □ (GB) colour supplement, supplemento a colori ( di giornale) □ (med.) colour therapy, cromoterapia □ (chim.) colour throw, decolorazione □ colour transparency, fotocolor □ colour (TV) set, televisore a colori □ colour wash, colore a calce □ colour wheel, ruota dei colori □ (mil. e fig.) to desert one's colours, abbandonare la bandiera; disertare □ to give a false colour to, travisare □ sb.'s [st.'s] true colours, quello che q. [qc.] è veramente; la vera natura di q. [qc.]: to see st. in its true colours, vedere qc. come realmente è; to show one's true colours, mostrarsi per quel che si è; rivelare la propria natura □ (mil.) to join the colours, arruolarsi nell'esercito □ to lose colour, sbiancare; impallidire □ (fig.) to nail one's colours to the mast, prendere posizione senza tentennamenti, impegnarsi fino in fondo □ off colour, ( di persona) che sta poco bene; che ha una brutta cera; ( di battuta, ecc.) spinto □ (fig.) to paint st. in dark [bright] colours, descrivere qc. a tinte fosche [rosee] □ to put false colours on things, travisare la realtà □ to sail under false colours, (naut.) battere bandiera falsa; (fig.) spacciarsi per quello che non si è; presentarsi sotto mentite spoglie □ to see the colour of sb. 's money, vedere i soldi, i contanti ( non contentarsi della sola parola) □ to serve with the colours, fare il soldato □ under colour of, col pretesto di; approfittando di: under colour of office, abusando della propria qualità o delle proprie funzioni □ with flying colours, con pieno successo, brillantemente, trionfalmente; in bellezza.
    ♦ (to) colour, ( USA) (to) color /ˈkʌlə(r)/
    A v. t.
    1 colorare; colorire; tingere; dipingere; tinteggiare: She colours her hair red, si colora (o tinge) i capelli di rosso; to colour a picture, dipingere un quadro ( dopo averne abbozzato le linee); to colour the front of a house, tinteggiare la facciata di una casa
    2 arricchire di particolari; colorire; aggiungere colore a: The reporting of actual facts is often coloured by journalists, spesso i giornalisti aggiungono colore ai fatti reali
    3 dare un'impronta a; influire su; influenzare: His sad experience coloured his views, la sua triste esperienza ha influenzato le sue convinzioni
    B v. i.
    1 ( anche to colour up) colorirsi ( in viso); arrossire; farsi rosso: He coloured with anger, si fece rosso d'ira
    2 ( di frutta, foglie, ecc.) cambiare colore.

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ colour

  • 24 edad

    f.
    age.
    ¿qué edad tienes? how old are you?
    tiene 25 años de edad she's 25 years old
    una persona de mediana edad a middle-aged person
    una persona de edad an elderly person
    ¡son cosas de la edad! it's (just) his/her/their age!
    la edad antigua ancient times
    la edad de Bronce the Bronze Age
    la edad contemporánea the modern age
    edad del juicio age of reason
    la edad de Hierro the Iron Age
    la edad Media the Middle Ages
    la edad de Piedra the Stone Age
    edad de la razón age of reason
    * * *
    1 age
    ■ ¿qué edad tiene usted? how old are you?
    2 (tiempo, época) time, period
    \
    de mediana edad middle-aged
    en edad escolar of school age
    edad de oro golden age
    edad del pavo awkward age
    Edad Media Middle Ages plural
    Edad Moderna Modern Age
    la tercera edad eufemístico old age, retirement age
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de persona, animal, árbol] age

    ¿qué edad tiene? — how old is he?, what age is he?

    jóvenes de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 26 años — young people aged 18 to 26, young people between the age of 18 and 26

    ¿qué edad le echas? — how old do you think he is?

    • edad adulta — adulthood

    llegar a la edad adulta — to become an adult, reach adulthood

    • a la edad de ocho años — at the age of eight

    • una mujer de edad avanzada — a woman of advanced years

    • un señor de cierta edad — a gentleman of a certain age

    • un niño de corta edad — a young child

    • una persona de edad — an elderly person

    • en edad escolar — of school age

    • edad de (la) jubilación — retirement age

    • edad límite — age limit

    • edad madura — middle age

    • mediana edad — middle age

    • tener edad de hacer algo, estar en (la) edad de hacer algo — to be old enough to do sth

    no tener edad para hacer algo — (=ser muy joven) not to be old enough to do sth, not to be of an age to do sth; (=ser muy mayor) to be too old to do sth

    • tercera edad — (=personas) senior citizens pl, older people pl ; (=edad) old age

    llegar a la tercera edad es traumático para muchas personas — for many people, reaching old age is traumatic

    edad penal — age of legal responsibility, age of criminal responsibility

    mayor 1., 4), mayoría 2), menor 1., 1), d)
    2) ( Hist) age

    Edad Antigua — period from the beginning of history to the decline of the Roman Empire

    Edad Contemporánea — Modern Age, Modern Period

    Edad de Oro — (Literat) Golden Age ( of Spanish literature)

    Edad Moderna — period from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution

    * * *
    1) (de persona, árbol) age

    ¿qué edad tiene? — how old is he?

    se saca or quita la edad — (AmL) he makes out (that) he's younger than he actually is

    aún no tiene la edad suficiente — he's still not old enough...

    de edad madura or de mediana edad — middle-aged

    estar en edad de merecer — (ant o hum) to be of courting age (dated)

    2) (Hist) ( época) age, period
    •
    * * *
    = age, age, age range, age level.
    Ex. The needs of readers housebound by physical disability, or made immobile by increasing age, are met by a supply of reading material from a van delivery service.
    Ex. A helpful arrangement supports browsing by grouping documents which have some characteristic in common, for example, author, subject, age.
    Ex. If the local number is used to store the birth date of the borrower, all borrowers in a specified age range can be selected.
    Ex. Second, I chose specific books appropriate to the age level and the educational level.
    ----
    * alcanzar la mayoría de edad = come of + age.
    * Alta Edad Media, la = Early Middle Ages, the, High Middle Ages, the, Dark Ages, the.
    * baja Edad Media, la = late Middle Ages, the.
    * ciudadano de edad avanzada = elderly citizen.
    * ciudadano de la tercera edad = senior citizen.
    * con la edad = with age.
    * consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por menores de edad = underage drinking.
    * cuidados para personas de la tercera edad = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].
    * de edad = elderly.
    * de edad avanzada = over the hill.
    * de edad mediana = middle-aged.
    * de edad universitaria = college-age.
    * de la edad media = dark-age.
    * de mayor edad = senior.
    * de mediana edad = middle-aged.
    * de + Número + años de edad = aged + Número.
    * de trece años de edad = thirteen-year-old.
    * de treinta y ocho años de edad = thirty-eight-year-old.
    * dimensión de la edad = age dimension.
    * discriminación por razones de edad = ageism [agism].
    * discriminatorio por razones de edad = ageist [agist].
    * distribución por edades = age distribution.
    * diversidad de edades = age-spread.
    * dominio de las personas con más edad = senior power.
    * edad adulta = adulthood.
    * edad de finalización de los estudios = terminal education age.
    * edad de hielo = ice age.
    * Edad de Hierro, la = Iron Age, the.
    * edad de jubilación = retirement age.
    * edad de la cita = citation age.
    * edad de oro = golden age.
    * Edad de Piedra, la = Stone Age, the.
    * edad de votar = voting age.
    * edad dorada = golden age.
    * edad en la que un niño aprende a andar = toddlerhood.
    * edades = age group [age-group].
    * edad escolar = school age.
    * edad media = mediaeval ages [medieval ages, -USA], Middle Ages, average age.
    * edad media de las referencias = mean reference age.
    * en edad de trabajar = working-age.
    * en la edad de la piedra = in the dark ages.
    * entre diferentes edades = cross-age [cross age].
    * grupo de edad = age bracket, age group [age-group].
    * grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.
    * grupo según edad = age group [age-group].
    * hombre de la edad del hielo = iceman [icemen, -pl.].
    * la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.
    * la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.
    * límite de edad = age limit.
    * margen de edad = age group [age-group].
    * mayoría de edad = adulthood.
    * media de edad = mean age.
    * mediana de edad = median age.
    * menor de edad = underage.
    * niño de edad escolar = school-age child.
    * niño en edad escolar = school-age child.
    * niño en edad preescolar = preschooler.
    * persona de edad avanzada = elderly person.
    * persona de la tercera edad = elder.
    * personas de la tercera edad, las = elderly, the.
    * promedio de edad = average age.
    * que afecta a varias edades = cross-age [cross age].
    * relacionado con la edad = age-related.
    * relativo a varias edades = cross-age [cross age].
    * tercera edad = third age.
    * * *
    1) (de persona, árbol) age

    ¿qué edad tiene? — how old is he?

    se saca or quita la edad — (AmL) he makes out (that) he's younger than he actually is

    aún no tiene la edad suficiente — he's still not old enough...

    de edad madura or de mediana edad — middle-aged

    estar en edad de merecer — (ant o hum) to be of courting age (dated)

    2) (Hist) ( época) age, period
    •
    * * *
    = age, age, age range, age level.

    Ex: The needs of readers housebound by physical disability, or made immobile by increasing age, are met by a supply of reading material from a van delivery service.

    Ex: A helpful arrangement supports browsing by grouping documents which have some characteristic in common, for example, author, subject, age.
    Ex: If the local number is used to store the birth date of the borrower, all borrowers in a specified age range can be selected.
    Ex: Second, I chose specific books appropriate to the age level and the educational level.
    * alcanzar la mayoría de edad = come of + age.
    * Alta Edad Media, la = Early Middle Ages, the, High Middle Ages, the, Dark Ages, the.
    * baja Edad Media, la = late Middle Ages, the.
    * ciudadano de edad avanzada = elderly citizen.
    * ciudadano de la tercera edad = senior citizen.
    * con la edad = with age.
    * consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por menores de edad = underage drinking.
    * cuidados para personas de la tercera edad = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].
    * de edad = elderly.
    * de edad avanzada = over the hill.
    * de edad mediana = middle-aged.
    * de edad universitaria = college-age.
    * de la edad media = dark-age.
    * de mayor edad = senior.
    * de mediana edad = middle-aged.
    * de + Número + años de edad = aged + Número.
    * de trece años de edad = thirteen-year-old.
    * de treinta y ocho años de edad = thirty-eight-year-old.
    * dimensión de la edad = age dimension.
    * discriminación por razones de edad = ageism [agism].
    * discriminatorio por razones de edad = ageist [agist].
    * distribución por edades = age distribution.
    * diversidad de edades = age-spread.
    * dominio de las personas con más edad = senior power.
    * edad adulta = adulthood.
    * edad de finalización de los estudios = terminal education age.
    * edad de hielo = ice age.
    * Edad de Hierro, la = Iron Age, the.
    * edad de jubilación = retirement age.
    * edad de la cita = citation age.
    * edad de oro = golden age.
    * Edad de Piedra, la = Stone Age, the.
    * edad de votar = voting age.
    * edad dorada = golden age.
    * edad en la que un niño aprende a andar = toddlerhood.
    * edades = age group [age-group].
    * edad escolar = school age.
    * edad media = mediaeval ages [medieval ages, -USA], Middle Ages, average age.
    * edad media de las referencias = mean reference age.
    * en edad de trabajar = working-age.
    * en la edad de la piedra = in the dark ages.
    * entre diferentes edades = cross-age [cross age].
    * grupo de edad = age bracket, age group [age-group].
    * grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.
    * grupo según edad = age group [age-group].
    * hombre de la edad del hielo = iceman [icemen, -pl.].
    * la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.
    * la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.
    * límite de edad = age limit.
    * margen de edad = age group [age-group].
    * mayoría de edad = adulthood.
    * media de edad = mean age.
    * mediana de edad = median age.
    * menor de edad = underage.
    * niño de edad escolar = school-age child.
    * niño en edad escolar = school-age child.
    * niño en edad preescolar = preschooler.
    * persona de edad avanzada = elderly person.
    * persona de la tercera edad = elder.
    * personas de la tercera edad, las = elderly, the.
    * promedio de edad = average age.
    * que afecta a varias edades = cross-age [cross age].
    * relacionado con la edad = age-related.
    * relativo a varias edades = cross-age [cross age].
    * tercera edad = third age.

    * * *
    A [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (de una persona, un árbol) age
    ¿qué edad tiene/le calculas? how old is he/do you think he is?
    a la edad de veinte años at (the age of) twenty
    tienen la misma edad they are the same age
    aparenta más edad de la que tiene she looks older than she is
    niños de edades comprendidas entre los siete y los catorce años children between the ages of seven and fourteen
    su marido le dobla la edad her husband is twice her age
    se saca or quita la edad ( AmL); he makes out (that) he's younger than he actually is
    aún no tiene edad para decidir por sí mismo he's still not old enough to decide for himself
    yo a tu edad ya ayudaba en casa at your age I was already helping around the house
    de edad madura or de mediana edad middle-aged
    una persona de edad an elderly person
    un señor de cierta edad a gentleman of a certain age
    desde temprana edad from an early age
    a tan tierna edad at such a young o tender age
    yo ya no estoy en edad de hacer esas cosas I'm too old for that sort of thing
    niños en edad escolar children of school age
    la edad adulta adulthood
    estar en edad de merecer ( ant o hum); to be of courting age ( dated)
    Compuestos:
    ( fam):
    están en la edad del pavo they're at that awkward age
    voting age
    mental age
    age of criminal o legal responsibility
    manhood
    B ( Hist) (época) age, period
    Compuestos:
    la edad antigua ancient times (pl)
    Bronze Age
    Iron Age
    space age
    golden age
    Stone Age
    la edad media the Middle Ages (pl)
    la edad moderna the period from the last decade of the 15th Century up until the French Revolution
    * * *

     

    edad sustantivo femenino
    1 (de persona, árbol) age;

    un joven de unos quince años de edad a boy of about fifteen;
    ¿qué edad tiene? how old is he?;
    aún no tiene la edad suficiente he's still not old enough …;
    de edad madura or de mediana edad middle-aged;
    una persona de edad an elderly person;
    niños en edad escolar children of school age;
    estar en la edad del pavo to be at that awkward age
    2 (Hist) ( época) age, period;
    ◊ la Eedad de bronce/de hierro/de piedra the Bronze/Iron/Stone Age;

    la Eedad media the Middle Ages (pl)
    edad sustantivo femenino
    1 age: ese niño es de mi edad, that boy is my age
    no tienes edad para votar, you aren't old enough to vote
    ¿qué edad tiene tu prima?, how old is your cousin?
    aprendió a leer a una edad avanzada, she learned to read late in life
    2 (periodo) age: Edad de Oro, Golden Age
    edad del pavo, the awkward age
    Edad Media, Middle Ages pl ➣ Ver nota en año
    ♦ Locuciones: ser mayor de edad, to be of age
    ser menor de edad, to be under age
    de corta edad, young
    de edad avanzada, elderly
    ' edad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acusarse
    - ambientar
    - año
    - antigüedad
    - baja
    - bajo
    - bronce
    - cabeza
    - datar
    - escolar
    - flexible
    - juventud
    - llevar
    - madura
    - maduro
    - mayor
    - menor
    - mentira
    - minoría
    - pavo
    - pequeña
    - pequeño
    - representar
    - resaltar
    - residencia
    - respetable
    - tercera
    - tercero
    - vasallaje
    - adelantado
    - alcanzar
    - aparentar
    - asilo
    - avanzado
    - cierto
    - corto
    - doblar
    - encoger
    - grande
    - indiscreción
    - mayoría
    - mediano
    - moderno
    - para
    - preescolar
    - que
    - quitar
    - tener
    - tiempo
    - tope
    English:
    abandon
    - adulthood
    - age
    - at
    - attain
    - awkward age
    - boyish
    - early
    - fifty
    - for
    - growing
    - Iron Age
    - lie
    - limber
    - look
    - mental age
    - middle age
    - Middle Ages
    - middle-aged
    - midlife
    - minor
    - nursing home
    - old
    - one
    - overgrown
    - preschool
    - qualify
    - reach
    - rest home
    - senior
    - Stone Age
    - tell
    - under
    - aged
    - ageism
    - ageist
    - consent
    - contemporary
    - dark
    - date
    - elderly
    - eldest
    - generation
    - golden
    - grow
    - ice
    - infant
    - irrespective
    - lower
    - middle
    * * *
    edad nf
    1. [de persona, objeto] age;
    ¿qué edad tienes? how old are you?;
    tiene veinticinco años de edad she's twenty-five years old;
    un joven de veinte años de edad a young man of twenty;
    él aparenta más edad que ella he looks older than she does;
    tiene el doble de edad que él she's twice his age;
    la edad media de los participantes es de treinta años the average age of the participants is thirty;
    a/desde temprana edad at/from an early age;
    a o [m5] con la tierna edad de tres años at the tender age of three;
    se casó a la edad de veintidós años he got married at (the age of) twenty-two;
    a mi edad uno se cansa con facilidad one gets tired easily at my age;
    a tu edad yo ya trabajaba I already had a job at your age;
    mujeres entre los treinta y cuarenta años de edad women aged between thirty and forty;
    una persona de edad an elderly person;
    una señora de cierta edad a lady of a certain age;
    un niño de corta edad a young child;
    una persona de mediana edad a middle-aged person;
    ¡son cosas de la edad! it's (just) his/her/their age!;
    ya estás en edad de salir con chicos you're old enough now to be going out with boys;
    estar en edad de merecer to be of marriageable age;
    estar en edad de trabajar to be of working age;
    distribuir/ordenar un grupo por edades to divide/organize a group by age
    edad adulta adulthood, adult age;
    edad escolar school age;
    estar en edad escolar to be of school age;
    edad de jubilación retirement age;
    edad del juicio age of reason;
    edad madura middle age;
    edad mental mental age;
    Fam edad del pavo:
    está en la edad del pavo she's at that awkward age;
    Méx Fam edad de la punzada:
    está en la edad de la punzada she's at that awkward age;
    edad de la razón age of reason
    2. [periodo] age
    la edad antigua ancient times;
    la Edad de o del Bronce the Bronze Age;
    la Edad Contemporánea the modern age [since the French revolution];
    la Edad de o del Hierro the Iron Age;
    la Edad Media the Middle Ages;
    la edad de los metales = period comprising the Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages (c. 4000-500 BC);
    la Edad Moderna = period between 1492 and the French Revolution;
    la edad de oro the golden age;
    la edad de oro de la pintura holandesa the golden age of Dutch painting;
    la Edad de Piedra the Stone Age
    * * *
    f
    1 age;
    a la edad de at the age of;
    a mi edad at my age;
    ¿qué edad tienes? how old are you?;
    en edad escolar school-age, of school age;
    en edad penal old enough to be sent to prison;
    de mediana edad middle-aged;
    la tercera edad the over 60s;
    una señora de edad an elderly lady;
    estar en la edad del pavo be at that awkward age
    2 ( época)
    :
    la Edad Media the Middle Ages pl ;
    de oro fig the golden age
    * * *
    edad nf
    1) : age
    ¿qué edad tiene?: how old is she?
    2) época, era: epoch, era
    * * *
    edad n age
    ¿qué edad tienes? how old are you?
    ser mayor de edad to be eighteen / to be an adult

    Spanish-English dictionary > edad

  • 25 representar

    v.
    1 to represent.
    este cuadro representa la Última Cena this painting depicts the Last Supper
    Ellos representan campiñas They depict fields.
    María representa a la madrastra Mary plays the part of the stepmom.
    Esto representa lo malo This represents the bad.
    representa a varios artistas she acts as an agent for several artists
    3 to look.
    representa unos 40 años she looks about 40
    4 to mean.
    representa el 50 por ciento del consumo interno it accounts for 50 percent of domestic consumption
    representa mucho para él it means a lot to him
    5 to perform (Teatro) (función).
    6 to act out, to represent, to act.
    Ella representó bien esa escena She acted the scene out very well.
    7 to act in someone's representation, to represent, to act in behalf of, to act in representation of.
    María representa a Ricardo Mary acts in John's representation.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to represent
    2 (símbolo) to represent, stand for
    3 TEATRO (obra) to perform; (papel) to play (the part of)
    4 (aparentar) to appear to be, look
    5 (importar) to mean
    1 (imaginarse) to imagine, picture
    * * *
    verb
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=actuar en nombre de) [+ país, votantes] to represent; [+ cliente, acusado] to act for, represent
    2) (=simbolizar) to symbolize, represent
    3) (=reproducir) to depict

    nuevas formas de representar el mundo — new ways of representing o portraying o depicting the world

    4) (=equivaler a) [+ porcentaje, mejora, peligro] to represent; [+ amenaza] to pose, represent

    obtuvieron unos beneficios de 1,7 billones, lo que representa un incremento del 28% sobre el año pasado — they made profits of 1.7 billion, which represents an increase of 28% on last year

    los bantúes representan el 70% de los habitantes de Suráfrica — the Bantu account for o represent 70% of the inhabitants of South Africa

    5) (=requerir) [+ trabajo, esfuerzo, sacrificio] to involve
    6) (Teat) [+ obra] to perform; [+ papel] to play

    ¿quién va a representar el papel que tenía antes la URSS? — who's going to play the part o role previously played by the USSR?

    7) (=aparentar) [+ edad] to look
    8) (=hacer imaginar) to point out
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <persona/organización/país> to represent
    2) < obra> to perform, put on
    3) ( aparentar) to look
    4) ( simbolizar) to symbolize
    5) ( reproducir) dibujo/fotografía/escena to show, depict; obra/novela to portray, depict
    6) (equivaler a, significar) to represent

    esto representa un aumento del 5% — this represents a 5% increase

    2.
    representarse v pron to picture, imagine
    * * *
    = account for, act out, become + cast, depict, depict, embody, package, represent, stage, stand for, render, portray, symbolise [symbolize, -USA], enact, dramatise [dramatize, -USA], plot, chart, map, incarnate, stand as, betoken, picture, construct, encapsulate.
    Ex. The major four categories of physical forms outlined so far account for most of the published indexes and catalogues.
    Ex. The use of the form connotes peculiarity (the people so described are acting out a somewhat inappropriate role) and passiveness (they are not actively participating in that role).
    Ex. Any action that is repeated frequently become cast into a pattern which can be reproduced with an economy of effort which, ipso facto, is apprehended by its performer as a pattern.
    Ex. Trial procedures aiming to increase service recognition and service usage, and the evaluation thereof, are then depicted.
    Ex. A globe is a model of a celestial body, usually the earth or the celestial sphere, depicted on the surface of a sphere.
    Ex. In alphabetical indexing languages, such as are embodied in thesauri and subject headings lists, subject terms are the alphabetical names of the subjects.
    Ex. Documents rarely exactly match a user's requirements because information can be packaged in almost as many different ways as there are participants in a subject area.
    Ex. Cartographic materials are, according to AACR2, all the materials that represent, in whole or in part, the earth or any celestial body.
    Ex. Book shops also participated by staging similar special features.
    Ex. MARC stands for Machine Readable Cataloguing.
    Ex. The eventuality is, admittedly, remote but it is also necessary to render the imprint statement in this amount of detail.
    Ex. Hardy had a tragic vision of life and that indeed is what the novels portray.
    Ex. The library symbolises freedom for the reader to pursue his own desires, however inchoate.
    Ex. The author describes how, as a teacher, she introduced pre-school children to books by reading to them, and developed older children's critical interest by reading, discussing and enacting popular fables.
    Ex. This article describes how a group of 12-18 teenage volunteers formed a group to dramatise children's books for young children and their parents at a public library.
    Ex. The technique 'Trend Projection' graphically plots future trends based on past experience.
    Ex. This article describes how Australia was depicted on early maps of the world charted by the Portuguese and Dutch seafarers from 1452 to the present day.
    Ex. Defining a revolution in progress is like mapping the lava flow from an active volcano well nigh impossible and extremely dangerous.
    Ex. For them, it incarnated modernity and materialism, civilization rather than culture, materialism rather than spiritualism.
    Ex. Meantime, our new library stand as as a confident symbol of the importance of ALL librarires to the nation's cultural, educational and economic success.
    Ex. The faintly irritating moralising tone of this book betokens a real human interest, which must be recovered if there is to be a dialogue of real content.
    Ex. In most cases authors pictured incest as an assault against the innocent, but they often saw the abuser, especially the father, as a victim of himself and he is rarely punished with prison.
    Ex. It is argued that newspaper reporting of bigamy constructs bigamists as being a threat to the institution of marriage.
    Ex. The Manifesto encapsulates the principles and priorities of public libraries in widely varying contexts.
    ----
    * estar demasiado representado = overrepresent.
    * imposible de representar = unmappable.
    * que no representa reto = unchallenging.
    * representar a = act for.
    * representar con una gráfica = graph.
    * representar en exceso = overrepresent.
    * representar en mente = visualise [visualize, -USA].
    * representar gráficamente = map.
    * representar insuficientemente = underrepresent [under-represent].
    * representar la diferencia entre... y = represent + the difference between... and.
    * representar mal = misrepresent.
    * representar una idea = dramatise + idea.
    * representar una obra = put on + performance, put on + play.
    * representar un peligro = pose + danger.
    * término que representa un único concepto = one concept term.
    * volver a representar = remap.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <persona/organización/país> to represent
    2) < obra> to perform, put on
    3) ( aparentar) to look
    4) ( simbolizar) to symbolize
    5) ( reproducir) dibujo/fotografía/escena to show, depict; obra/novela to portray, depict
    6) (equivaler a, significar) to represent

    esto representa un aumento del 5% — this represents a 5% increase

    2.
    representarse v pron to picture, imagine
    * * *
    = account for, act out, become + cast, depict, depict, embody, package, represent, stage, stand for, render, portray, symbolise [symbolize, -USA], enact, dramatise [dramatize, -USA], plot, chart, map, incarnate, stand as, betoken, picture, construct, encapsulate.

    Ex: The major four categories of physical forms outlined so far account for most of the published indexes and catalogues.

    Ex: The use of the form connotes peculiarity (the people so described are acting out a somewhat inappropriate role) and passiveness (they are not actively participating in that role).
    Ex: Any action that is repeated frequently become cast into a pattern which can be reproduced with an economy of effort which, ipso facto, is apprehended by its performer as a pattern.
    Ex: Trial procedures aiming to increase service recognition and service usage, and the evaluation thereof, are then depicted.
    Ex: A globe is a model of a celestial body, usually the earth or the celestial sphere, depicted on the surface of a sphere.
    Ex: In alphabetical indexing languages, such as are embodied in thesauri and subject headings lists, subject terms are the alphabetical names of the subjects.
    Ex: Documents rarely exactly match a user's requirements because information can be packaged in almost as many different ways as there are participants in a subject area.
    Ex: Cartographic materials are, according to AACR2, all the materials that represent, in whole or in part, the earth or any celestial body.
    Ex: Book shops also participated by staging similar special features.
    Ex: MARC stands for Machine Readable Cataloguing.
    Ex: The eventuality is, admittedly, remote but it is also necessary to render the imprint statement in this amount of detail.
    Ex: Hardy had a tragic vision of life and that indeed is what the novels portray.
    Ex: The library symbolises freedom for the reader to pursue his own desires, however inchoate.
    Ex: The author describes how, as a teacher, she introduced pre-school children to books by reading to them, and developed older children's critical interest by reading, discussing and enacting popular fables.
    Ex: This article describes how a group of 12-18 teenage volunteers formed a group to dramatise children's books for young children and their parents at a public library.
    Ex: The technique 'Trend Projection' graphically plots future trends based on past experience.
    Ex: This article describes how Australia was depicted on early maps of the world charted by the Portuguese and Dutch seafarers from 1452 to the present day.
    Ex: Defining a revolution in progress is like mapping the lava flow from an active volcano well nigh impossible and extremely dangerous.
    Ex: For them, it incarnated modernity and materialism, civilization rather than culture, materialism rather than spiritualism.
    Ex: Meantime, our new library stand as as a confident symbol of the importance of ALL librarires to the nation's cultural, educational and economic success.
    Ex: The faintly irritating moralising tone of this book betokens a real human interest, which must be recovered if there is to be a dialogue of real content.
    Ex: In most cases authors pictured incest as an assault against the innocent, but they often saw the abuser, especially the father, as a victim of himself and he is rarely punished with prison.
    Ex: It is argued that newspaper reporting of bigamy constructs bigamists as being a threat to the institution of marriage.
    Ex: The Manifesto encapsulates the principles and priorities of public libraries in widely varying contexts.
    * estar demasiado representado = overrepresent.
    * imposible de representar = unmappable.
    * que no representa reto = unchallenging.
    * representar a = act for.
    * representar con una gráfica = graph.
    * representar en exceso = overrepresent.
    * representar en mente = visualise [visualize, -USA].
    * representar gráficamente = map.
    * representar insuficientemente = underrepresent [under-represent].
    * representar la diferencia entre... y = represent + the difference between... and.
    * representar mal = misrepresent.
    * representar una idea = dramatise + idea.
    * representar una obra = put on + performance, put on + play.
    * representar un peligro = pose + danger.
    * término que representa un único concepto = one concept term.
    * volver a representar = remap.

    * * *
    vt
    A ‹persona/organización/país› to represent
    no estaba representado por un abogado he was not represented by a lawyer
    representó a Suecia en los campeonatos he represented Sweden in the championships, he played ( o swam etc) for Sweden in the championships
    los que no puedan asistir deben hacerse representar por alguien those who cannot attend should send a representative o proxy
    B ‹obra› to perform, put on; ‹papel› to play
    representó el papel de Cleopatra she played Cleopatra o the part of Cleopatra
    C (aparentar) to look
    no representa la edad que tiene he doesn't look the age he is
    representa unos cuarenta años she looks about forty
    no representa lo que costó it doesn't look as expensive as it was
    D (simbolizar) to symbolize
    la paloma representa la paz the dove symbolizes o is a symbol of peace
    E (reproducir) «dibujo/fotografía» to show, depict
    la medalla representa a la Virgen the medallion depicts the Virgin Mary
    la escena representa una calle de los arrabales the scene shows o depicts a street in the poor quarters
    la obra representa fielmente la sociedad de fines de siglo the play accurately portrays society at the turn of the century
    F (equivaler a, significar) to represent
    esto representa un aumento del 5% con respecto al año pasado this represents a 5% increase on last year
    nos representa un gasto inesperado it means o involves an unexpected expense
    introducir la modificación representaría tres días de trabajo introducing the modification would mean o involve three days' work
    to picture
    ¿te lo puedes representar sin barba? can you picture o imagine him without a beard?
    * * *

     

    representar ( conjugate representar) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹persona/organización/país› to represent
    2 ‹ obra› to perform, put on;
    ‹ papel› to play
    3 ( aparentar) to look;

    4 ( simbolizar) to represent, symbolize
    5 ( reproducir) [dibujo/fotografía/escena] to show, depict;
    [obra/novela] to portray, depict
    6 (equivaler a, significar) to represent;
    ◊ esto representa un aumento del 5% this represents a 5% increase;

    eso representaría tres días de trabajo that would mean o involve three days' work
    representar verbo transitivo
    1 (un símbolo) to symbolize, represent: la paloma representa la paz, the dove stands for peace
    2 (un cuadro, fotografía, ilustración) to depict: el cuadro representa una escena de caza, the painting depicts a hunting scene
    3 (un ejemplo o modelo) to represent
    4 (a una persona, un país, una institución) to represent
    5 (una edad) to look: no representa la edad que tiene, she doesn't look her age
    6 (en la imaginación) to imagine
    7 (en valor, importancia) to mean, represent: su ascenso representó una gran alegría, I/he/she, etc. was overjoyed by his promotion
    ese chico no representa nada para mí, that guy means nothing to me
    8 Teat (una obra) to perform
    (un papel) to play: mi amigo representa al emperador Augusto, my friend plays Emperor Augustus
    ' representar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aparentar
    - constituir
    - hacer
    - jugar
    - vida
    - significar
    English:
    act
    - act out
    - depict
    - deputize
    - do
    - enact
    - nation
    - perform
    - picture
    - play
    - portray
    - represent
    - role-play
    - speak for
    - stage
    - stand for
    - pose
    * * *
    1. [simbolizar, ejemplificar] to represent;
    este cuadro representa la Última Cena this painting depicts the Last Supper;
    la coma representa los decimales the comma indicates decimal places;
    Dalí representa perfectamente el surrealismo Dali is the ultimate surrealist painter
    2. [actuar en nombre de] to represent;
    el delegado sindical representaba a sus compañeros the shop steward represented his fellow workers;
    ha participado en dos festivales representando a su país she has represented her country at two festivals;
    representa a varios artistas she acts as an agent for several artists
    3. [aparentar] to look;
    representa unos cuarenta años she looks about forty;
    representa muchos menos años de los que tiene she looks a lot younger than she is
    4. [significar] to mean;
    representa el 50 por ciento del consumo interno it accounts for 50 percent of domestic consumption;
    diez millones no representan nada para él ten million is nothing to him;
    representa mucho para él it means a lot to him
    5. Teatro [función] to perform;
    [papel] to play
    6. Com to represent
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ( simbolizar) represent
    2 obra put on, perform; papel play
    :
    * * *
    1) : to represent, to act for
    2) : to perform
    3) : to look, to appear as
    4) : to symbolize, to stand for
    5) : to signify, to mean
    * * *
    1. (un papel) to play
    2. (una obra) to perform
    la compañía representará "Yerma" the company will perform "Yerma"
    3. (simbolizar) to represent
    5. (aparentar) to look

    Spanish-English dictionary > representar

  • 26 atípico

    adj.
    atypical, irregular, abnormal, unusual.
    * * *
    1 atypical
    * * *
    ADJ atypical, exceptional
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo atypical
    * * *
    = aberrant, atypical, untypical.
    Ex. Standardization never became quite complete, especially as regards height-to-paper; the Clarendon Press sturdily retains the so-called Dutch height of 23-851 mm. to this day, and various aberrant heights may still be found in Europe.
    Ex. Although atypical of prison library service they are used to illustrate conditions in prison and how these influence the work of the library.
    Ex. His untypical career includes enrolling in a school for mercenaries in order to further his research on them.
    ----
    * atípico para la época del año = unseasonably.
    * valor atípico = outlier.
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo atypical
    * * *
    = aberrant, atypical, untypical.

    Ex: Standardization never became quite complete, especially as regards height-to-paper; the Clarendon Press sturdily retains the so-called Dutch height of 23-851 mm. to this day, and various aberrant heights may still be found in Europe.

    Ex: Although atypical of prison library service they are used to illustrate conditions in prison and how these influence the work of the library.
    Ex: His untypical career includes enrolling in a school for mercenaries in order to further his research on them.
    * atípico para la época del año = unseasonably.
    * valor atípico = outlier.

    * * *
    atypical
    * * *

    atípico,-a adjetivo atypical
    ' atípico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    atípica
    English:
    atypical
    - uncharacteristic
    * * *
    atípico, -a adj
    atypical
    * * *
    adj atypical
    * * *
    atípico, -ca adj
    : atypical

    Spanish-English dictionary > atípico

  • 27 Dorf

    n; -(e)s, Dörfer village; auf dem Dorf wohnen live in a village; er stammt vom Dorf he’s from the country; olympisches Dorf Olympic village; die Welt ist ein Dorf it’s a small world; das ist ja hier ein richtiges Dorf pej. this place is so provincial; der ist auch nie aus seinem Dorf herausgekommen umg., fig. pej. he’s a real country bumpkin ( oder hick, yokel); auf oder über die Dörfer gehen umg., fig. (umständlich erklären) explain badly ( oder in a roundabout way); Skat etc.: lead the side suits; aus oder in jedem Dorf einen Hund haben Skat etc.: have an even distribution of suits; potemkinsche Dörfer fig. fasade Sg., sham Sg., Potemkin village(s Pl.); leider sind das nur potemkinsche Dörfer sadly that is all just window-dressing; das sind böhmische Dörfer für mich it’s all Greek ( oder double Dutch) to me
    * * *
    das Dorf
    village
    * * *
    Dọrf [dɔrf]
    nt -(e)s, ordm;er
    ['dœrfɐ] village; (fig) backwater

    das Leben auf dem Dorfe — village life

    er ist vom Dorf(e) — he's from the/our village

    nie aus seinem Dorf herausgekommen sein (fig) — to be parochial or insular

    See:
    * * *
    das
    1) (a group of houses etc which is smaller than a town: They live in a little village; ( also adjective) a village school.) village
    2) (the people who live in such a group of houses: The whole village turned out to see the celebrations.) village
    * * *
    <-[e]s, Dörfer>
    [ˈdɔrf, pl ˈdœrfɐ]
    nt
    1. (kleine Ortschaft) village BRIT, AM usu [small] town
    2. (die Dorfbewohner) village BRIT, AM usu town, the villagers BRIT, AM usu the town inhabitants
    das Olympische \Dorf the Olympic village
    das Leben auf dem \Dorf country [or BRIT a. village] life
    auf dem \Dorf in the country
    vom \Dorf from the country
    sie ist offenbar vom \Dorf she's obviously a country girl fam
    3.
    ▶ für jdn böhmische Dörfer sein to be all Greek [or BRIT double Dutch] to sb
    ▶ Potemkinsche Dörfer (geh) a façade, a sham
    * * *
    das; Dorf[e]s, Dörfer village

    das sind für mich böhmische Dörfer — (ugs.) it's all Greek to me

    * * *
    Dorf n; -(e)s, Dörfer village;
    auf dem Dorf wohnen live in a village;
    er stammt vom Dorf he’s from the country;
    olympisches Dorf Olympic village;
    die Welt ist ein Dorf it’s a small world;
    das ist ja hier ein richtiges Dorf pej this place is so provincial;
    der ist auch nie aus seinem Dorf herausgekommen umg, fig pej he’s a real country bumpkin ( oder hick, yokel);
    über die Dörfer gehen umg, fig (umständlich erklären) explain badly ( oder in a roundabout way); Skat etc: lead the side suits;
    in jedem Dorf einen Hund haben Skat etc: have an even distribution of suits;
    potemkinsche Dörfer fig façade sg, sham sg, Potemkin village(s pl);
    leider sind das nur potemkinsche Dörfer sadly that is all just window-dressing;
    das sind böhmische Dörfer für mich it’s all Greek ( oder double Dutch) to me
    * * *
    das; Dorf[e]s, Dörfer village

    das sind für mich böhmische Dörfer — (ugs.) it's all Greek to me

    * * *
    ¨-er n.
    hamlet n.
    village n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Dorf

  • 28 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

  • 29 MS

    3) Геология: Martensite, Mount Shasta
    4) Медицина: митральный стеноз (mitral stenosis), рассеянный склероз (multiple sclerosis), multiple sclerosis (рассеянный склероз)
    5) Американизм: Mail Slot
    6) Спорт: Men's Soccer, Much Stamina
    7) Военный термин: Medical Service, Mess Specialist, Mil Spec, Military Secretary, Military Security, Military Service, Military Stone, Mobile Suit, Modular System, Moral Support, main stage (ракеты), maintenance and service, maintenance service, maintenance squadron, maintenance standard book, maintenance standards, major subject, manufacturing specification, manufacturing standard, master-sergeant, material specification, material support, materiel squadron, materiel support, measuring set, measuring system, medical services, medical staff, medical supplies, medical survey, medium speed, mess sergeant, military science, military specifications, military standard, military survivor, missile site, missile station, missile system, mission simulation, mission simulator, mobile searchlight, mobile system, mobility support
    9) Сельское хозяйство: Machine Stripping
    10) Шутливое выражение: Magic Shield, Minions Of Satan, Mohd Sultan, More Shit
    12) Математика: Magic Sum, Matrix Scalar, Multi Set, более значащий (more significant), математическая система (mathematical system), мультипликативная система (multiplicative system), средний квадрат (mean square), старший (о разряде)
    13) Религия: Mighty Soul, Mighty Spirit
    14) Метеорология: Monitoring the Stratosphere
    15) Железнодорожный термин: Michigan Shore Railroad Incorporated
    16) Юридический термин: Man Stuck, Midnight Special, Most Specific, Mystery Solved, manuscript
    18) Астрономия: Main Sequence, Meteor Scatter, Morning Star
    19) Ветеринария: Mongrel Soft, Multi Species
    20) Грубое выражение: My Scrotum
    21) География: Миссисипи (штат США)
    22) Музыка: Musical Similarities
    23) Телекоммуникации: Modified Service
    24) Сокращение: Main Station, Malay, Maritime Surveillance, Master of Science, Measurement Systems Inc. (USA), Message Switch, Metallurgical Society, Methyl Salicylate, Military Secretary, Department of (UK), Military Standards (USA), Minesweeper, Missile Support, Mississippi (US state), Mississippi, Montserrat, MultiSpectral, machine steel, magnetostriction, main switch, maintenance and supply, mark sensing, master schedule, meteorological system, minus, most significant, motor ship, military standard (sheet), Mental Status, Multiple Sclerosis, Egyptair (IATA airline code), Mad Scientist, Magestorm (game), Maggie Simpson, Magical Sword (Legend of Zelda game), Mail Stop, Mail Store, Main Satellite, Main Spring, Main Steam, Maintenance Shelter, Maintenance Shop, Maintenance Standard, Major System, Male Sterile, Mammal Society, Man System (CASI), Management Science, Mandatory Supervision (type of parole), Manganese Steel, Manta Sonica (band), Manual Sweep (Agilent), Manual Switch, Manufacturing Specialist, Manufacturing Strategy, Maple Story (computer game), Mara Salvatrucha (gang), Marge Simpson, Margin of Safety (structural engineering term), Marine Safety, Marine Science Technician, Mariners (Seattle baseball team), Mario Sunshine (video game), Market Segmentation, Market Share, Market Surveillance, Market Survey, Marketing Society, Marking Scheme (examinations), Markov Switching, Marks and Spencer (UK department store), Martin Scorsese (film director), Marus Seru (Everquest), Mass Shareware, Mass Spectroscopy, Mass Storage, Massa, Toscana (Italian province), Master Seaman (Canadian Forces naval rank), Master Shake (cartoon character), Master Smith (bladesmithing), Master Sommelier, Master Sword (Legend of Zelda Game), Master System (Sega), Master of Sports, Master of Surgery, Masters of Science (less common), Matched Set (philately), Maternal Sire, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), Matrix Spike, Maybe So, McLean Symphony (McLean, VA), Measurement Signal, Mechanics Service, Media Server, Medical Service Corps, Medical Student, Medical Surgical, Mediterranean Sea, Medium Shot (cinematography), Medium Steel, Meets Standards (school grading system), Mega Sample (Electronic Data Acquisition Systems), Mega Second (1, 000, 000 seconds), Member States (EU), Memory Store (calculator button), Memory System, Memoserv (IRC Memo Server), Merchant Shipping, Merge Specification, Mess Management Specialist (US Navy rating), Message System, Meta Signaling, Metabolic Syndrome, Metal Slug (game), Metal Sonic (gaming character), Meteor Scattering (ham radio), Michael Schumacher (F1 driver), Michael Shanks (actor), Michele Soavi (film director), Michigan Shore Railroad, Michigan Southern Railway, Microprocessor System (AT&T), Microwave Sensor, Microwave Subsystem, Microwave System, Mid-Side (stereo sound recording), Middle School, Midnight Sun (band), Mild Severe (British rock climbing grade), Mildly Susceptible, Milestone, Milieuschadelijkheid (Dutch: environmental harmfulness), Military Shipping, Military Standard/Service/Specification, Milksolids, Millenial Star (LDS Church), Million Samples (sampling rate), Minimal Subtraction, Minimum Stockage, Mint Sheet (of stamps), Mint State (highest quality of coin), Mirage Studios, Mirror Subassembly, MirrorSoft (former game maker), Mirrored System, Missile Squadron, Missile Station (linear measurement reference to key points on a missile), Mission Scanner, Mission Schedule, Mission Specialist, Mission: Space (Epcot, Walt Disney World, Florida), Missionaries of Our Lady of Lasalette (religious order), Mobile Subscriber, Mobile Suit (Gundam World), Mobility Solutions (Lucent), Mobilization Station, Mode Select, Model Station, Moderately Susceptible, Modern Studies (school subject), Module Signaling, Monitor Station, Monitor Statistica, Monitored Seconds, Monitoring Subsystem, Monitoring System, Mono Stereo, Monopolio Statale, More Stuff (polite form), Morgan Stanley (investment bank), Morphine Sulfate, Mother Ship (game), Motor Saw, Motor Signal, Motorschiff (German: motor vessel), Motorschip (Dutch), Mouvement Socialiste (French: Socialist Movement), Multi-Spectral, Multidimensional Scaling, Multilateral Staff, Multiple Elastic Scattering, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Multiplex Section, Munchausen's Syndrome, Murashige and Skoog (basal medium), Musculo-Skeletal, Music Scholar (Eton College), Music/Speech (broadcasting), MySpace, Surface Wave Magnitude (formula for measuring earthquakes), Manual Series
    25) Университет: Meet Students
    28) Вычислительная техника: mirrored server, mobile station, Meta Signaling (ATM, ???), Mobile Station (GSM, Mobile-Systems), MicroSoft (Hersteller, MS), магнитное запоминающее устройство
    29) Нефть: metal seal, запас прочности (margin of safety), микросферический (о катализаторе), коэффициент надёжности (margin of safety)
    31) Транспорт: Multi Speed
    32) Пищевая промышленность: Miracle Strength, Moggy Soft
    33) Парфюмерия: масс-спектрометрия
    35) Холодильная техника: страна-член ЕС (Member State)
    37) Деловая лексика: Mail For Staff, Marketing Strategy, Minor Setback, Multi Strategy
    38) Бурение: магистр наук (Master of Science; точных), метрическая система (metric system)
    39) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mechanical completion, meter station, surface wave (equivalent to MLV)
    44) Контроль качества: mean square, military specification
    45) Океанография: Microwave Scanner
    46) Химическое оружие: Mass selective, Mass spectrometer, Mass spectrometry
    47) Авиационная медицина: motion sickness, musculoskeletal system
    48) Макаров: multiple scattering
    49) Безопасность: Malicious System
    51) Нефть и газ: medium pressure steam, metal siding
    52) Электротехника: magnetostatic, making switch, master switch
    53) Имена и фамилии: Martha Stewart, Michael Schumacher, Mohammed Saber
    54) Общественная организация: Mercy Ships
    56) Чат: Mighty Special
    57) Правительство: Mid South
    58) Программное обеспечение: Microcomputer Software
    59) Хобби: Miniature Smooth, Mint State
    60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Missing
    61) Единицы измерений: Milli Seconds
    62) AMEX. Milestone Scientific, Inc.

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MS

  • 30 Ms

    3) Геология: Martensite, Mount Shasta
    4) Медицина: митральный стеноз (mitral stenosis), рассеянный склероз (multiple sclerosis), multiple sclerosis (рассеянный склероз)
    5) Американизм: Mail Slot
    6) Спорт: Men's Soccer, Much Stamina
    7) Военный термин: Medical Service, Mess Specialist, Mil Spec, Military Secretary, Military Security, Military Service, Military Stone, Mobile Suit, Modular System, Moral Support, main stage (ракеты), maintenance and service, maintenance service, maintenance squadron, maintenance standard book, maintenance standards, major subject, manufacturing specification, manufacturing standard, master-sergeant, material specification, material support, materiel squadron, materiel support, measuring set, measuring system, medical services, medical staff, medical supplies, medical survey, medium speed, mess sergeant, military science, military specifications, military standard, military survivor, missile site, missile station, missile system, mission simulation, mission simulator, mobile searchlight, mobile system, mobility support
    9) Сельское хозяйство: Machine Stripping
    10) Шутливое выражение: Magic Shield, Minions Of Satan, Mohd Sultan, More Shit
    12) Математика: Magic Sum, Matrix Scalar, Multi Set, более значащий (more significant), математическая система (mathematical system), мультипликативная система (multiplicative system), средний квадрат (mean square), старший (о разряде)
    13) Религия: Mighty Soul, Mighty Spirit
    14) Метеорология: Monitoring the Stratosphere
    15) Железнодорожный термин: Michigan Shore Railroad Incorporated
    16) Юридический термин: Man Stuck, Midnight Special, Most Specific, Mystery Solved, manuscript
    18) Астрономия: Main Sequence, Meteor Scatter, Morning Star
    19) Ветеринария: Mongrel Soft, Multi Species
    20) Грубое выражение: My Scrotum
    21) География: Миссисипи (штат США)
    22) Музыка: Musical Similarities
    23) Телекоммуникации: Modified Service
    24) Сокращение: Main Station, Malay, Maritime Surveillance, Master of Science, Measurement Systems Inc. (USA), Message Switch, Metallurgical Society, Methyl Salicylate, Military Secretary, Department of (UK), Military Standards (USA), Minesweeper, Missile Support, Mississippi (US state), Mississippi, Montserrat, MultiSpectral, machine steel, magnetostriction, main switch, maintenance and supply, mark sensing, master schedule, meteorological system, minus, most significant, motor ship, military standard (sheet), Mental Status, Multiple Sclerosis, Egyptair (IATA airline code), Mad Scientist, Magestorm (game), Maggie Simpson, Magical Sword (Legend of Zelda game), Mail Stop, Mail Store, Main Satellite, Main Spring, Main Steam, Maintenance Shelter, Maintenance Shop, Maintenance Standard, Major System, Male Sterile, Mammal Society, Man System (CASI), Management Science, Mandatory Supervision (type of parole), Manganese Steel, Manta Sonica (band), Manual Sweep (Agilent), Manual Switch, Manufacturing Specialist, Manufacturing Strategy, Maple Story (computer game), Mara Salvatrucha (gang), Marge Simpson, Margin of Safety (structural engineering term), Marine Safety, Marine Science Technician, Mariners (Seattle baseball team), Mario Sunshine (video game), Market Segmentation, Market Share, Market Surveillance, Market Survey, Marketing Society, Marking Scheme (examinations), Markov Switching, Marks and Spencer (UK department store), Martin Scorsese (film director), Marus Seru (Everquest), Mass Shareware, Mass Spectroscopy, Mass Storage, Massa, Toscana (Italian province), Master Seaman (Canadian Forces naval rank), Master Shake (cartoon character), Master Smith (bladesmithing), Master Sommelier, Master Sword (Legend of Zelda Game), Master System (Sega), Master of Sports, Master of Surgery, Masters of Science (less common), Matched Set (philately), Maternal Sire, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), Matrix Spike, Maybe So, McLean Symphony (McLean, VA), Measurement Signal, Mechanics Service, Media Server, Medical Service Corps, Medical Student, Medical Surgical, Mediterranean Sea, Medium Shot (cinematography), Medium Steel, Meets Standards (school grading system), Mega Sample (Electronic Data Acquisition Systems), Mega Second (1, 000, 000 seconds), Member States (EU), Memory Store (calculator button), Memory System, Memoserv (IRC Memo Server), Merchant Shipping, Merge Specification, Mess Management Specialist (US Navy rating), Message System, Meta Signaling, Metabolic Syndrome, Metal Slug (game), Metal Sonic (gaming character), Meteor Scattering (ham radio), Michael Schumacher (F1 driver), Michael Shanks (actor), Michele Soavi (film director), Michigan Shore Railroad, Michigan Southern Railway, Microprocessor System (AT&T), Microwave Sensor, Microwave Subsystem, Microwave System, Mid-Side (stereo sound recording), Middle School, Midnight Sun (band), Mild Severe (British rock climbing grade), Mildly Susceptible, Milestone, Milieuschadelijkheid (Dutch: environmental harmfulness), Military Shipping, Military Standard/Service/Specification, Milksolids, Millenial Star (LDS Church), Million Samples (sampling rate), Minimal Subtraction, Minimum Stockage, Mint Sheet (of stamps), Mint State (highest quality of coin), Mirage Studios, Mirror Subassembly, MirrorSoft (former game maker), Mirrored System, Missile Squadron, Missile Station (linear measurement reference to key points on a missile), Mission Scanner, Mission Schedule, Mission Specialist, Mission: Space (Epcot, Walt Disney World, Florida), Missionaries of Our Lady of Lasalette (religious order), Mobile Subscriber, Mobile Suit (Gundam World), Mobility Solutions (Lucent), Mobilization Station, Mode Select, Model Station, Moderately Susceptible, Modern Studies (school subject), Module Signaling, Monitor Station, Monitor Statistica, Monitored Seconds, Monitoring Subsystem, Monitoring System, Mono Stereo, Monopolio Statale, More Stuff (polite form), Morgan Stanley (investment bank), Morphine Sulfate, Mother Ship (game), Motor Saw, Motor Signal, Motorschiff (German: motor vessel), Motorschip (Dutch), Mouvement Socialiste (French: Socialist Movement), Multi-Spectral, Multidimensional Scaling, Multilateral Staff, Multiple Elastic Scattering, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Multiplex Section, Munchausen's Syndrome, Murashige and Skoog (basal medium), Musculo-Skeletal, Music Scholar (Eton College), Music/Speech (broadcasting), MySpace, Surface Wave Magnitude (formula for measuring earthquakes), Manual Series
    25) Университет: Meet Students
    28) Вычислительная техника: mirrored server, mobile station, Meta Signaling (ATM, ???), Mobile Station (GSM, Mobile-Systems), MicroSoft (Hersteller, MS), магнитное запоминающее устройство
    29) Нефть: metal seal, запас прочности (margin of safety), микросферический (о катализаторе), коэффициент надёжности (margin of safety)
    31) Транспорт: Multi Speed
    32) Пищевая промышленность: Miracle Strength, Moggy Soft
    33) Парфюмерия: масс-спектрометрия
    35) Холодильная техника: страна-член ЕС (Member State)
    37) Деловая лексика: Mail For Staff, Marketing Strategy, Minor Setback, Multi Strategy
    38) Бурение: магистр наук (Master of Science; точных), метрическая система (metric system)
    39) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mechanical completion, meter station, surface wave (equivalent to MLV)
    44) Контроль качества: mean square, military specification
    45) Океанография: Microwave Scanner
    46) Химическое оружие: Mass selective, Mass spectrometer, Mass spectrometry
    47) Авиационная медицина: motion sickness, musculoskeletal system
    48) Макаров: multiple scattering
    49) Безопасность: Malicious System
    51) Нефть и газ: medium pressure steam, metal siding
    52) Электротехника: magnetostatic, making switch, master switch
    53) Имена и фамилии: Martha Stewart, Michael Schumacher, Mohammed Saber
    54) Общественная организация: Mercy Ships
    56) Чат: Mighty Special
    57) Правительство: Mid South
    58) Программное обеспечение: Microcomputer Software
    59) Хобби: Miniature Smooth, Mint State
    60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Missing
    61) Единицы измерений: Milli Seconds
    62) AMEX. Milestone Scientific, Inc.

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Ms

  • 31 mS

    3) Геология: Martensite, Mount Shasta
    4) Медицина: митральный стеноз (mitral stenosis), рассеянный склероз (multiple sclerosis), multiple sclerosis (рассеянный склероз)
    5) Американизм: Mail Slot
    6) Спорт: Men's Soccer, Much Stamina
    7) Военный термин: Medical Service, Mess Specialist, Mil Spec, Military Secretary, Military Security, Military Service, Military Stone, Mobile Suit, Modular System, Moral Support, main stage (ракеты), maintenance and service, maintenance service, maintenance squadron, maintenance standard book, maintenance standards, major subject, manufacturing specification, manufacturing standard, master-sergeant, material specification, material support, materiel squadron, materiel support, measuring set, measuring system, medical services, medical staff, medical supplies, medical survey, medium speed, mess sergeant, military science, military specifications, military standard, military survivor, missile site, missile station, missile system, mission simulation, mission simulator, mobile searchlight, mobile system, mobility support
    9) Сельское хозяйство: Machine Stripping
    10) Шутливое выражение: Magic Shield, Minions Of Satan, Mohd Sultan, More Shit
    12) Математика: Magic Sum, Matrix Scalar, Multi Set, более значащий (more significant), математическая система (mathematical system), мультипликативная система (multiplicative system), средний квадрат (mean square), старший (о разряде)
    13) Религия: Mighty Soul, Mighty Spirit
    14) Метеорология: Monitoring the Stratosphere
    15) Железнодорожный термин: Michigan Shore Railroad Incorporated
    16) Юридический термин: Man Stuck, Midnight Special, Most Specific, Mystery Solved, manuscript
    18) Астрономия: Main Sequence, Meteor Scatter, Morning Star
    19) Ветеринария: Mongrel Soft, Multi Species
    20) Грубое выражение: My Scrotum
    21) География: Миссисипи (штат США)
    22) Музыка: Musical Similarities
    23) Телекоммуникации: Modified Service
    24) Сокращение: Main Station, Malay, Maritime Surveillance, Master of Science, Measurement Systems Inc. (USA), Message Switch, Metallurgical Society, Methyl Salicylate, Military Secretary, Department of (UK), Military Standards (USA), Minesweeper, Missile Support, Mississippi (US state), Mississippi, Montserrat, MultiSpectral, machine steel, magnetostriction, main switch, maintenance and supply, mark sensing, master schedule, meteorological system, minus, most significant, motor ship, military standard (sheet), Mental Status, Multiple Sclerosis, Egyptair (IATA airline code), Mad Scientist, Magestorm (game), Maggie Simpson, Magical Sword (Legend of Zelda game), Mail Stop, Mail Store, Main Satellite, Main Spring, Main Steam, Maintenance Shelter, Maintenance Shop, Maintenance Standard, Major System, Male Sterile, Mammal Society, Man System (CASI), Management Science, Mandatory Supervision (type of parole), Manganese Steel, Manta Sonica (band), Manual Sweep (Agilent), Manual Switch, Manufacturing Specialist, Manufacturing Strategy, Maple Story (computer game), Mara Salvatrucha (gang), Marge Simpson, Margin of Safety (structural engineering term), Marine Safety, Marine Science Technician, Mariners (Seattle baseball team), Mario Sunshine (video game), Market Segmentation, Market Share, Market Surveillance, Market Survey, Marketing Society, Marking Scheme (examinations), Markov Switching, Marks and Spencer (UK department store), Martin Scorsese (film director), Marus Seru (Everquest), Mass Shareware, Mass Spectroscopy, Mass Storage, Massa, Toscana (Italian province), Master Seaman (Canadian Forces naval rank), Master Shake (cartoon character), Master Smith (bladesmithing), Master Sommelier, Master Sword (Legend of Zelda Game), Master System (Sega), Master of Sports, Master of Surgery, Masters of Science (less common), Matched Set (philately), Maternal Sire, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), Matrix Spike, Maybe So, McLean Symphony (McLean, VA), Measurement Signal, Mechanics Service, Media Server, Medical Service Corps, Medical Student, Medical Surgical, Mediterranean Sea, Medium Shot (cinematography), Medium Steel, Meets Standards (school grading system), Mega Sample (Electronic Data Acquisition Systems), Mega Second (1, 000, 000 seconds), Member States (EU), Memory Store (calculator button), Memory System, Memoserv (IRC Memo Server), Merchant Shipping, Merge Specification, Mess Management Specialist (US Navy rating), Message System, Meta Signaling, Metabolic Syndrome, Metal Slug (game), Metal Sonic (gaming character), Meteor Scattering (ham radio), Michael Schumacher (F1 driver), Michael Shanks (actor), Michele Soavi (film director), Michigan Shore Railroad, Michigan Southern Railway, Microprocessor System (AT&T), Microwave Sensor, Microwave Subsystem, Microwave System, Mid-Side (stereo sound recording), Middle School, Midnight Sun (band), Mild Severe (British rock climbing grade), Mildly Susceptible, Milestone, Milieuschadelijkheid (Dutch: environmental harmfulness), Military Shipping, Military Standard/Service/Specification, Milksolids, Millenial Star (LDS Church), Million Samples (sampling rate), Minimal Subtraction, Minimum Stockage, Mint Sheet (of stamps), Mint State (highest quality of coin), Mirage Studios, Mirror Subassembly, MirrorSoft (former game maker), Mirrored System, Missile Squadron, Missile Station (linear measurement reference to key points on a missile), Mission Scanner, Mission Schedule, Mission Specialist, Mission: Space (Epcot, Walt Disney World, Florida), Missionaries of Our Lady of Lasalette (religious order), Mobile Subscriber, Mobile Suit (Gundam World), Mobility Solutions (Lucent), Mobilization Station, Mode Select, Model Station, Moderately Susceptible, Modern Studies (school subject), Module Signaling, Monitor Station, Monitor Statistica, Monitored Seconds, Monitoring Subsystem, Monitoring System, Mono Stereo, Monopolio Statale, More Stuff (polite form), Morgan Stanley (investment bank), Morphine Sulfate, Mother Ship (game), Motor Saw, Motor Signal, Motorschiff (German: motor vessel), Motorschip (Dutch), Mouvement Socialiste (French: Socialist Movement), Multi-Spectral, Multidimensional Scaling, Multilateral Staff, Multiple Elastic Scattering, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Multiplex Section, Munchausen's Syndrome, Murashige and Skoog (basal medium), Musculo-Skeletal, Music Scholar (Eton College), Music/Speech (broadcasting), MySpace, Surface Wave Magnitude (formula for measuring earthquakes), Manual Series
    25) Университет: Meet Students
    28) Вычислительная техника: mirrored server, mobile station, Meta Signaling (ATM, ???), Mobile Station (GSM, Mobile-Systems), MicroSoft (Hersteller, MS), магнитное запоминающее устройство
    29) Нефть: metal seal, запас прочности (margin of safety), микросферический (о катализаторе), коэффициент надёжности (margin of safety)
    31) Транспорт: Multi Speed
    32) Пищевая промышленность: Miracle Strength, Moggy Soft
    33) Парфюмерия: масс-спектрометрия
    35) Холодильная техника: страна-член ЕС (Member State)
    37) Деловая лексика: Mail For Staff, Marketing Strategy, Minor Setback, Multi Strategy
    38) Бурение: магистр наук (Master of Science; точных), метрическая система (metric system)
    39) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mechanical completion, meter station, surface wave (equivalent to MLV)
    44) Контроль качества: mean square, military specification
    45) Океанография: Microwave Scanner
    46) Химическое оружие: Mass selective, Mass spectrometer, Mass spectrometry
    47) Авиационная медицина: motion sickness, musculoskeletal system
    48) Макаров: multiple scattering
    49) Безопасность: Malicious System
    51) Нефть и газ: medium pressure steam, metal siding
    52) Электротехника: magnetostatic, making switch, master switch
    53) Имена и фамилии: Martha Stewart, Michael Schumacher, Mohammed Saber
    54) Общественная организация: Mercy Ships
    56) Чат: Mighty Special
    57) Правительство: Mid South
    58) Программное обеспечение: Microcomputer Software
    59) Хобби: Miniature Smooth, Mint State
    60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Missing
    61) Единицы измерений: Milli Seconds
    62) AMEX. Milestone Scientific, Inc.

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > mS

  • 32 ms

    3) Геология: Martensite, Mount Shasta
    4) Медицина: митральный стеноз (mitral stenosis), рассеянный склероз (multiple sclerosis), multiple sclerosis (рассеянный склероз)
    5) Американизм: Mail Slot
    6) Спорт: Men's Soccer, Much Stamina
    7) Военный термин: Medical Service, Mess Specialist, Mil Spec, Military Secretary, Military Security, Military Service, Military Stone, Mobile Suit, Modular System, Moral Support, main stage (ракеты), maintenance and service, maintenance service, maintenance squadron, maintenance standard book, maintenance standards, major subject, manufacturing specification, manufacturing standard, master-sergeant, material specification, material support, materiel squadron, materiel support, measuring set, measuring system, medical services, medical staff, medical supplies, medical survey, medium speed, mess sergeant, military science, military specifications, military standard, military survivor, missile site, missile station, missile system, mission simulation, mission simulator, mobile searchlight, mobile system, mobility support
    9) Сельское хозяйство: Machine Stripping
    10) Шутливое выражение: Magic Shield, Minions Of Satan, Mohd Sultan, More Shit
    12) Математика: Magic Sum, Matrix Scalar, Multi Set, более значащий (more significant), математическая система (mathematical system), мультипликативная система (multiplicative system), средний квадрат (mean square), старший (о разряде)
    13) Религия: Mighty Soul, Mighty Spirit
    14) Метеорология: Monitoring the Stratosphere
    15) Железнодорожный термин: Michigan Shore Railroad Incorporated
    16) Юридический термин: Man Stuck, Midnight Special, Most Specific, Mystery Solved, manuscript
    18) Астрономия: Main Sequence, Meteor Scatter, Morning Star
    19) Ветеринария: Mongrel Soft, Multi Species
    20) Грубое выражение: My Scrotum
    21) География: Миссисипи (штат США)
    22) Музыка: Musical Similarities
    23) Телекоммуникации: Modified Service
    24) Сокращение: Main Station, Malay, Maritime Surveillance, Master of Science, Measurement Systems Inc. (USA), Message Switch, Metallurgical Society, Methyl Salicylate, Military Secretary, Department of (UK), Military Standards (USA), Minesweeper, Missile Support, Mississippi (US state), Mississippi, Montserrat, MultiSpectral, machine steel, magnetostriction, main switch, maintenance and supply, mark sensing, master schedule, meteorological system, minus, most significant, motor ship, military standard (sheet), Mental Status, Multiple Sclerosis, Egyptair (IATA airline code), Mad Scientist, Magestorm (game), Maggie Simpson, Magical Sword (Legend of Zelda game), Mail Stop, Mail Store, Main Satellite, Main Spring, Main Steam, Maintenance Shelter, Maintenance Shop, Maintenance Standard, Major System, Male Sterile, Mammal Society, Man System (CASI), Management Science, Mandatory Supervision (type of parole), Manganese Steel, Manta Sonica (band), Manual Sweep (Agilent), Manual Switch, Manufacturing Specialist, Manufacturing Strategy, Maple Story (computer game), Mara Salvatrucha (gang), Marge Simpson, Margin of Safety (structural engineering term), Marine Safety, Marine Science Technician, Mariners (Seattle baseball team), Mario Sunshine (video game), Market Segmentation, Market Share, Market Surveillance, Market Survey, Marketing Society, Marking Scheme (examinations), Markov Switching, Marks and Spencer (UK department store), Martin Scorsese (film director), Marus Seru (Everquest), Mass Shareware, Mass Spectroscopy, Mass Storage, Massa, Toscana (Italian province), Master Seaman (Canadian Forces naval rank), Master Shake (cartoon character), Master Smith (bladesmithing), Master Sommelier, Master Sword (Legend of Zelda Game), Master System (Sega), Master of Sports, Master of Surgery, Masters of Science (less common), Matched Set (philately), Maternal Sire, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), Matrix Spike, Maybe So, McLean Symphony (McLean, VA), Measurement Signal, Mechanics Service, Media Server, Medical Service Corps, Medical Student, Medical Surgical, Mediterranean Sea, Medium Shot (cinematography), Medium Steel, Meets Standards (school grading system), Mega Sample (Electronic Data Acquisition Systems), Mega Second (1, 000, 000 seconds), Member States (EU), Memory Store (calculator button), Memory System, Memoserv (IRC Memo Server), Merchant Shipping, Merge Specification, Mess Management Specialist (US Navy rating), Message System, Meta Signaling, Metabolic Syndrome, Metal Slug (game), Metal Sonic (gaming character), Meteor Scattering (ham radio), Michael Schumacher (F1 driver), Michael Shanks (actor), Michele Soavi (film director), Michigan Shore Railroad, Michigan Southern Railway, Microprocessor System (AT&T), Microwave Sensor, Microwave Subsystem, Microwave System, Mid-Side (stereo sound recording), Middle School, Midnight Sun (band), Mild Severe (British rock climbing grade), Mildly Susceptible, Milestone, Milieuschadelijkheid (Dutch: environmental harmfulness), Military Shipping, Military Standard/Service/Specification, Milksolids, Millenial Star (LDS Church), Million Samples (sampling rate), Minimal Subtraction, Minimum Stockage, Mint Sheet (of stamps), Mint State (highest quality of coin), Mirage Studios, Mirror Subassembly, MirrorSoft (former game maker), Mirrored System, Missile Squadron, Missile Station (linear measurement reference to key points on a missile), Mission Scanner, Mission Schedule, Mission Specialist, Mission: Space (Epcot, Walt Disney World, Florida), Missionaries of Our Lady of Lasalette (religious order), Mobile Subscriber, Mobile Suit (Gundam World), Mobility Solutions (Lucent), Mobilization Station, Mode Select, Model Station, Moderately Susceptible, Modern Studies (school subject), Module Signaling, Monitor Station, Monitor Statistica, Monitored Seconds, Monitoring Subsystem, Monitoring System, Mono Stereo, Monopolio Statale, More Stuff (polite form), Morgan Stanley (investment bank), Morphine Sulfate, Mother Ship (game), Motor Saw, Motor Signal, Motorschiff (German: motor vessel), Motorschip (Dutch), Mouvement Socialiste (French: Socialist Movement), Multi-Spectral, Multidimensional Scaling, Multilateral Staff, Multiple Elastic Scattering, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Multiplex Section, Munchausen's Syndrome, Murashige and Skoog (basal medium), Musculo-Skeletal, Music Scholar (Eton College), Music/Speech (broadcasting), MySpace, Surface Wave Magnitude (formula for measuring earthquakes), Manual Series
    25) Университет: Meet Students
    28) Вычислительная техника: mirrored server, mobile station, Meta Signaling (ATM, ???), Mobile Station (GSM, Mobile-Systems), MicroSoft (Hersteller, MS), магнитное запоминающее устройство
    29) Нефть: metal seal, запас прочности (margin of safety), микросферический (о катализаторе), коэффициент надёжности (margin of safety)
    31) Транспорт: Multi Speed
    32) Пищевая промышленность: Miracle Strength, Moggy Soft
    33) Парфюмерия: масс-спектрометрия
    35) Холодильная техника: страна-член ЕС (Member State)
    37) Деловая лексика: Mail For Staff, Marketing Strategy, Minor Setback, Multi Strategy
    38) Бурение: магистр наук (Master of Science; точных), метрическая система (metric system)
    39) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: mechanical completion, meter station, surface wave (equivalent to MLV)
    44) Контроль качества: mean square, military specification
    45) Океанография: Microwave Scanner
    46) Химическое оружие: Mass selective, Mass spectrometer, Mass spectrometry
    47) Авиационная медицина: motion sickness, musculoskeletal system
    48) Макаров: multiple scattering
    49) Безопасность: Malicious System
    51) Нефть и газ: medium pressure steam, metal siding
    52) Электротехника: magnetostatic, making switch, master switch
    53) Имена и фамилии: Martha Stewart, Michael Schumacher, Mohammed Saber
    54) Общественная организация: Mercy Ships
    56) Чат: Mighty Special
    57) Правительство: Mid South
    58) Программное обеспечение: Microcomputer Software
    59) Хобби: Miniature Smooth, Mint State
    60) Федеральное бюро расследований: Missing
    61) Единицы измерений: Milli Seconds
    62) AMEX. Milestone Scientific, Inc.

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ms

  • 33 Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van

    [br]
    b. 24 October 1632 Delft, Netherlands
    d. 1723 Delft, Netherlands
    [br]
    Dutch pioneer of microscopy.
    [br]
    He was the son of a basketmaker, Philip Tonisz Leeuwenhoek, and Grietje Jacobsdr van den Berch, a brewer's daughter. After the death of his father in 1637, his mother married the painter Jacob Jansz Molijn. He went to school at Warmond and, later to an uncle who was Sheriff of Benthuizen. In 1648 he went to Amsterdam, where he was placed in a linen-draper's shop owned by William Davidson, a Scottish merchant. In 1652 or 1653 he moved back to Delft, where in 1654 he married the daughter of a cloth-merchant, Barbara de Mey. They had five children, only one of whom survived (born 22 September 1656). At about this time he bought a house and shop in the Hippolytus buurt and set up in business as a draper and haberdasher. His wife died in 1666 and in 1671 he married Cornelia Swalmius, a Reformed Church minister's daughter. Lacking self-confidence and not knowing Latin, the scientific language of the day, he was reluctant to publish the results of his investigations into a multitude of natural objects. His observations were made with single-lens microscopes made by himself. (He made at least 387 microscopes with magnifications of between 30x and 266x.) Among the subjects he studied were the optic nerve of a cow, textile fibres, plant seeds, a spark from a tinderbox, the anatomy of mites and insects' blood corpuscles, semen and spermatozoa. It was the physician Reinier de Graaf who put him in touch with the Royal Society in London, with whom he corresponded for fifty years from 1673. One of his last letters, in 1723, to the Royal Society was about the histology of the rare disease of the diaphragm that he had studied in sheep and oxen and from which he died. In public service he was a chamberlain to the sheriffs of Delft, a surveyor and a wine-gauger, offices which together gave him an income of about 800 florins a year. Leeuwenhoek never wrote a book, but collections were published in Latin and in Dutch from his scientific letters, which numbered more than 250.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1680.
    Further Reading
    L.C.Palm and H.A.M.Snelders, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek 1632–1723: Studies in the Life and Work of the Delft Scientist, Commemorating the 350th Anniversary of his Birthday.
    B.Bracegirdle (ed.), Beads of Glass: Leeuwenhoek and the Early Microscope. (Catalogue of an exhibition in the Museum Boerhaave, November 1982 to May 1983, and in the Science Museum, May to October 1983).
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van

  • 34 ♦ double

    ♦ double (1) /ˈdʌbl/
    A a.
    doppio: a double consonant, una (consonante) doppia; Her name's Chubb: c-h-u-double b, si chiama Chubb: c-h-u-doppia b; «What's the account number?» «2-9-4-0-double 8», «qual è il numero del conto?» «2-9-4-0- due volte 8»; double space, spazio doppio; (fisc.) double taxation, imposizione doppia; (ferr.) double track, doppio binario; double pay, paga doppia; a double portion (o helping) una porzione doppia; a double meaning, un doppio senso; a double whisky [espresso], un whisky [caffè] doppio; a d layer of fabric, un doppio strato di stoffa; a double coat of paint, due mani di vernice; a double murder, un doppio omicidio; I'm double her age, ho il doppio della sua età; DIALOGO → - School- We had double maths in the afternoon, abbiamo avuto due ore di matematica nel pomeriggio
    B avv.
    1 il doppio; due volte tanto: It cost me double, mi è costato il doppio
    3 in due; a doppio: to fold a sheet double, piegare in due un lenzuolo; mettere a doppio un lenzuolo; The poor man was bent double with age, il poveretto era piegato (in due) per l'età avanzata
    ● (teatr.) double act, numero di una coppia di comici; ( per estens.) coppia di comici: famous double acts such as Laurel and Hardy, coppie famose di comici, come Stanlio e Ollio □ (mecc.) double-acting, a doppio effetto: double-acting cylinder, cilindro a doppio effetto □ (mecc.) double-action, ( di arma da fuoco) ad azione doppia □ double agent, spia che fa il doppio gioco; doppiogiochista □ (mus.) double album, album doppio □ double axe, ascia a doppio taglio □ (mus.) double bar, doppia barra □ double-barrelled, ( di fucile) a due canne; ( di cognome) doppio: Compton-Burnett is a double-barrelled surname, Compton-Burnett è un cognome doppio □ (mus.) double bass, contrabbasso □ (mus.) double bassoon, controfagotto □ double bed, letto a due piazze (o matrimoniale) □ ( di camera) double-bedded, a due letti □ double bind, brutto dilemma: to be in a double bind, trovarsi fra l'incudine e il martello □ double bill, (teatr., cinema) programma che comprende due film (o spettacoli) □ (med., scient.) double blind, doppio cieco: double-blind technique, metodo del doppio cieco □ (mecc.) double-block brake, freno a due ceppi □ ( boxe) double blow, colpo doppiato; doppietta □ double bluff, doppio bluff ( dire la verità a chi si aspetta un bluff) □ double boiler = double saucepan ► sotto □ (chim.) double bond, doppio legame □ (tur.) double booking, doppia prenotazione □ ( anche naut.) double bottom, doppiofondo □ ( di giacca o cappotto) double-breasted, a doppiopetto □ double buffalo = double nickels ► sotto □ double-buffer shoe polisher, pulisciscarpe a due spazzole □ double chin, doppio mento; pappagorgia □ double-chinned, con la pappagorgia □ (comput., Internet) double click, doppio clic ( del mouse) □ double cream, panna molto densa □ double cross, inganno, frode; doppio gioco □ double-crosser, chi fa il doppio gioco con il proprio complice □ (tipogr.) double dagger, doppia croce □ (fam. USA) double date, appuntamento di due coppie ( per uscire insieme) □ double-dealer, persona sleale; doppiogiochista □ double-dealing, (agg.) doppio, ipocrita; (sost.) doppiezza, ipocrisia □ double-decker, nave a due ponti; autobus a due piani; ( USA) letto a castello; (aeron.) biplano; (fam., anche double-decker sandwich) sandwich (o tramezzino) doppio ( a due strati) □ (autom.) double-declutching, doppia debragliata; doppio disinnesto ( della frizione); doppietta (fam.) □ double deuces, il numero 22 □ (econ., fin.: dell'inflazione, dei tassi, ecc.) double-digit, a due cifre □ (econ.) double dip recession, doppia recessione ( con un breve intervallo di crescita tra i due periodi di recessione) □ (fam. USA) double-dipper, chi prende due stipendi (o pensione e stipendio) □ double door, porta doppia (o a due battenti) □ (fam.) double Dutch, lingua incomprensibile; arabo (fig.): The instructions were double Dutch to me, le istruzioni erano arabo per me □ double-dyed, tinto due volte; (fig.) matricolato; di tre cotte □ double-eagle, aquila bicipite ( antica moneta d'oro americana da 20 dollari) □ double-edged, a doppio taglio ( anche fig.): a double-edged compliment, un complimento a doppio taglio; a double-edged sword, una spada a doppio taglio □ (naut.) double-ended ferry, traghetto a doppia prua □ (franc.) double entendre, doppio senso ( malizioso o più o meno licenzioso) □ (rag.) double entry, partita doppia: double-entry bookkeeping, contabilità in partita doppia □ (fotogr.) double exposure, doppia esposizione; sovrimpressione □ double-faced, a due facce, bifronte; (fig.) doppio, ipocrita; ( di tessuto) double-face (franc.) □ ( tennis) double fault, doppio fallo; fallo di battuta □ ( cinema, spec. USA) double feature, doppio programma □ double figures, numeri a due cifre ( da 10 a 99): to be in [to reach o to get to] double figures, avere raggiunto [raggiungere] un valore a due cifre: Inflation in the country could reach double figures next year, l'inflazione nel paese potrebbe raggiungere un valore a due cifre l'anno prossimo □ double first, laurea in due discipline con il massimo dei voti in entrambe ( nelle università inglesi) □ (mus.) double flat, doppio bemolle □ double garage, garage doppio □ double-glazed window, finestra a doppi vetri □ (edil.) double-glazing, (installazione dei) doppi vetri □ double-headed, a due teste, bicipite; (fig.) falso, ipocrita □ (biochim.) double helix, doppia elica □ ( lotta) double hold, cintura □ (leg., USA) double indemnity, clausola di un'assicurazione sulla vita che prevede un'indennità doppia in caso di morte accidentale □ (leg., USA) double jeopardy, il processare q. per un delitto per cui è già stato assolto □ double-jointed, snodato □ (equit.) double jump, salto doppio; ostacolo doppio □ (tipogr.) double-leaded, a spaziatura doppia fra riga e riga □ double life, doppia vita: to live (o to lead) a double life, avere (o condurre) una doppia vita □ (gramm.) double negative, doppia negazione □ double lock, serratura doppia; ( anche) doppia mandata □ (mil.) double march, passo di corsa □ (fam. USA) double nickels, il numero 55; (autom.) il limite delle 55 miglia all'ora □ (fam. USA) double-o (acronimo di once over), ispezione approfondita; esame accurato □ ( Borsa) double option, opzione doppia; stellage; stellaggio □ (equit.) double oxer, largo di barriere □ (autom.) double-parking, parcheggio in seconda (o doppia) fila □ ( a scuola) double period, lezione di due ore ( della stessa materia) □ (elettr.) double-pole switch, commutatore bipolare □ (market.) double pricing, doppia prezzatura ( sulle confezioni: un prezzo è cancellato con un frego) □ double-quick, (agg.) velocissimo; (avv.) di corsa, in un baleno; (sost.) (mil.) passo di corsa □ double quotes, virgolette (doppie): to put st. in double quotes, mettere qc. tra virgolette □ double room, camera doppia ( con letto matrimoniale) □ ( cucina) double saucepan, bagnomaria ( il recipiente) □ ( canottaggio) double scull, due di coppia; doppio skiff □ (mus.) double sharp, doppio diesis □ ( caccia) double shot, doppietta ( due colpi) □ double sided, ( di tessuto, carta, ecc.) double face (franc.) □ (tipogr.) double spread, pagina doppia □ double standard, (econ.) bimetallismo; (fig., anche al pl.) (valutazione con) due metri diversi ( di giudizio); (uso di) due pesi e due misure (fig.); doppiopesismo ( gergo giorn.) □ (astron.) double star, stella doppia □ (biochim.) double-stranded, a doppia catena; a doppio filamento □ ( nuoto) double stroke, doppia bracciata: double-stroke breathing, respirazione in due tempi □ (fam.) double take, reazione di sorpresa a scoppio ritardato: to do a double take, reagire a scoppio ritardato ( per la sorpresa) □ double talk, linguaggio volutamente incomprensibile □ (comput., Internet) double tap, doppio tocco ( con uno stilo o con un dito) □ (econ., fin.) double taxation, doppia tassazione □ double time, (econ.) doppia paga; doppio salario (o stipendio); (mus.) tempo doppio; (mil., USA) passo di corsa □ (mus.) double-tonguing, doppio staccato ( negli strumenti a fiato) □ (med.) double vision, diplopia □ (fam.) double whammy, doppia sfortuna: The team faced the double whammy of relegation and losing its manager, la squadra ha avuto la doppia sfortuna di essere retrocessa e di perdere l'allenatore □ (leg.) double will, testamento congiuntivo e reciproco □ (autom.) double yellow line, doppia linea gialla (in GB indica divieto di sosta e in USA equivale alla doppia linea continua).
    double (2) /ˈdʌbl/
    n.
    1 [uc] doppio: He offered me double, mi ha offerto il doppio
    2 sosia; ritratto (fig.): His son is his absolute double, il figlio è il suo ritratto preciso
    3 (cinem.) controfigura: a stunt double, un cascatore
    4 ( bridge) contre (franc.)
    5 (camera) doppia matrimoniale: Do you prefer a double or a twin?, preferisce una doppia matrimoniale o a due letti?
    6 doppio ( di bevanda): Make mine a double!, me lo faccia doppio
    8 doppio; Doppelgänger (ted.)
    10 (equit.) doppio ostacolo; gabbia
    13 (pl.) ( tennis) doppio: to play doubles, giocare il doppio; mixed doubles, doppio misto; men's [women's] doubles, doppio maschile [femminile]
    15 (tipogr.) ► doublet, def. 8
    ● double or quits, lascia o raddoppia ( gioco) □ ( tennis) doubles player, doppista; giocatore di doppio □ (mil.) at the double, a passo di corsa □ on (o at) the double, velocemente; in un attimo.
    ♦ (to) double /ˈdʌbl/
    A v. t.
    1 raddoppiare: to double prices [revenues, income], raddoppiare i prezzi [le entrate, il reddito]; They doubled their investment in five years, hanno raddoppiato il loro investimento in cinque anni; double a dose, raddoppiare la dose; ( sport) to double one's lead, raddoppiare il vantaggio
    2 (= to double over) piegare in due: She doubled the sheet ( over), ha piegato in due il lenzuolo
    3 (naut.) doppiare: We doubled the Cape of Good Hope, abbiamo doppiato il Capo di Buona Speranza
    4 (cinem., teatr.) interpretare (due ruoli): Patrick Stewart doubled the roles of Claudius and the ghost, Patrick Stewart ha interpretato i due ruoli di Claudio e dello spettro; The company is small, so they often double the parts, la compagnia è piccola, quindi lo stesso attore interpreta spesso due ruoli
    B v. i.
    1 raddoppiare; diventare doppio: Interest rates have doubled, i tassi di interesse sono raddoppiati; The dough should double in size in a couple of hours, il volume dell'impasto dovrebbe raddoppiare in un paio d'ore
    2 ( cinema) fare da controfigura: She has doubled for many Hollywood stars, ha fatto da controfigura a molte star hollywoodiane
    6 (ipp.) fare una duplice.

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ double

  • 35 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 36 bestuur

    1 [het leiden] government, rule 〈 van land〉; administration 〈van gemeente/ziekenhuis/school〉; management 〈 van bedrijf〉
    2 [gezag, regeringssysteem] administration ⇒ government, rule 〈 van land〉, management 〈 van bedrijf〉
    3 [lichaam, college] government 〈 van land〉; council, corporation 〈 van stad〉; (board of) governors 〈 van school〉; (executive) committee 〈 van vereniging〉; (board of) directors, management 〈 van fabriek〉; board 〈van PTT/spoorwegen〉
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   de raad van bestuur • the Board of Governors 〈 van school〉/Directors 〈 van bedrijf〉
         slecht bestuur • misgovernment, mismanagement
    2   het land kwam onder Nederlands bestuur • the country came under Dutch rule
         tijdens zijn bestuur • during his administration
    3   het dagelijks bestuur • the executive (committee)
         in het bestuur zitten • be on the board (of directors/governors)
         iemand in het bestuur kiezen • elect someone to the board

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > bestuur

  • 37 fiammingo

    fiammingo1 agg. Flemish: arte, scuola fiamminga, Flemish art, school
    ◆ s.m.
    1 Fleming // i fiamminghi, the Flemish (people)
    2 ( lingua) (the) Flemish (language).
    fiammingo2 s.m. (zool.) flamingo*.
    * * *
    [fjam'minɡo] fiammingo -a, -ghi, -ghe
    1. agg
    2. sm/f
    3. sm
    (lingua) Flemish
    * * *
    1.
    pl. - ghi, - ghe [fjam'mingo, gi, ge] aggettivo
    1) (delle Fiandre) Flemish
    2) pitt. Dutch
    2.
    sostantivo maschile (f. -a)

    i -ghi — the Flemish o Flemings

    2) (lingua) Flemish
    * * *
    fiammingo
    pl. - ghi, - ghe /fjam'mingo, gi, ge/ ⇒ 16
     1 (delle Fiandre) Flemish
     2 pitt. Dutch
     (f. -a)
     1 Fleming; i -ghi the Flemish o Flemings
     2 (lingua) Flemish.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > fiammingo

  • 38 near

    1. adverb
    1) (at a short distance) nah[e]

    stand/live [quite] near — [ganz] in der Nähe stehen/wohnen

    come or draw near/nearer — [Tag, Zeitpunkt:] nahen/näherrücken

    near at hand — in Reichweite (Dat.); [Ort] ganz in der Nähe

    be near at hand — [Ereignis:] nahe bevorstehen

    so near and yet so far — so nah und doch so fern

    2) (closely)

    near to = 2 a, b, c; we were near to being drowned — wir wären fast od. beinah[e] ertrunken

    2. preposition
    1) (in space) (position) nahe an/bei (+ Dat.); (motion) nahe an (+ Akk.); (fig.) nahe (geh.) nachgestellt (+ Dat.); in der Nähe (+ Gen.)

    keep near me — halte dich od. bleib in meiner Nähe

    near where... — in der Nähe od. unweit der Stelle (Gen.), wo...

    move it nearer her — rücke es näher zu ihr

    don't stand so near the fire — geh nicht so nahe od. dicht an das Feuer

    when we got nearer Oxford — als wir in die Nähe von Oxford kamen

    wait till we're nearer home — warte, bis wir nicht mehr so weit von zu Hause weg sind

    the man near/nearest you — der Mann, der bei dir/der dir am nächsten steht

    nobody comes anywhere near him at swimming — im Schwimmen kommt bei weitem keiner an ihn heran

    3) (in time)

    near the end/the beginning of something — gegen Ende/zu Anfang einer Sache (Gen.)

    4) in comb. Beinahe[unfall, -zusammenstoß, -katastrophe]

    be in a state of near-collapse — kurz vor dem Zusammenbruch stehen

    a near-miracle — fast od. beinahe ein Wunder

    3. adjective
    1) (in space or time) nahe
    2) (closely related) nahe [Verwandte]; eng [Freund]
    3) (in nature) fast richtig [Vermutung]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]

    £30 or near/nearest offer — 30 Pfund oder nächstbestes Angebot

    this is the nearest equivalent — dies entspricht dem am ehesten

    near escape — Entkommen mit knapper Not

    round it up to the nearest penny — runde es auf den nächsthöheren Pfennigbetrag

    be a near miss — [Schuss, Wurf:] knapp danebengehen

    that was a near miss — (escape) das war aber knapp!

    4)

    the near side — (Brit.) (travelling on the left/right) die linke/rechte Seite

    5) (direct)
    4. transitive verb
    sich nähern (+ Dat.)
    * * *
    [niə] 1. adjective
    1) (not far away in place or time: The station is quite near; Christmas is getting near.) nahe
    2) (not far away in relationship: He is a near relation.) nahe
    2. adverb
    1) (to or at a short distance from here or the place mentioned: He lives quite near.) nahe
    2) ((with to) close to: Don't sit too near to the window.) nahe
    3. preposition
    (at a very small distance from (in place, time etc): She lives near the church; It was near midnight when they arrived.) nahe
    4. verb
    (to come near (to): The roads became busier as they neared the town; as evening was nearing.) sich nähren
    - academic.ru/49300/nearly">nearly
    - nearness
    - nearby
    - nearside
    - near-sighted
    - a near miss
    * * *
    [nɪəʳ, AM nɪr]
    I. adj
    1. (close in space) nahe, in der Nähe
    where's the \nearest phone box? wo ist die nächste Telefonzelle?
    in the \near distance [ganz] in der Nähe
    in the \near future in der nahen Zukunft
    3. (most similar)
    ▪ \nearest am nächsten
    walking in these boots is the \nearest thing to floating on air in diesen Stiefeln läuft man fast wie auf Watte
    this was the \nearest equivalent to cottage cheese I could find von allem, was ich auftreiben konnte, ist das hier Hüttenkäse am ähnlichsten
    he rounded up the sum to the \nearest dollar er rundete die Summe auf den nächsten Dollar auf
    4. attr (close to being)
    he was in a state of \near despair er war der Verzweiflung nahe
    that's a \near certainty/impossibility das ist so gut wie sicher/unmöglich
    a \near catastrophe/collision eine Beinahekatastrophe/ein Beinahezusammenstoß m
    5. attr (person) nahe, eng
    he's a \near neighbour er gehört zu der unmittelbaren Nachbarschaft
    \near relative enge[r] [o nahe[r]] Verwandte[r]
    his \nearest and dearest ( hum) seine Lieben hum
    6. attr BRIT, AUS AUTO, TRANSP (nearside) auf der Beifahrerseite präd, nach n
    7.
    ▶ a \near thing:
    that was a \near thing! it could have been a disaster das war aber knapp! es hätte ein Unglück geben können
    she won in the end but it was a \near thing am Ende hat sie doch noch gewonnen, aber es war knapp
    II. adv
    do you live somewhere \near? wohnst du hier irgendwo in der Nähe?
    I wish we lived \nearer ich wünschte, wir würden näher beieinanderwohnen
    I was standing just \near enough to hear what he was saying ich stand gerade nah genug, um zu hören, was er sagte
    \near at hand object in [unmittelbarer] Reichweite; place [ganz] in der Nähe
    to draw [or get] \near näher rücken
    the time is drawing \nearer die Zeit rückt näher
    3. (almost) beinahe, fast
    a \near perfect performance eine fast perfekte Vorstellung
    I \near fell out or the chair ich wäre beinahe vom Stuhl gefallen
    as \near as:
    as \near as he could recall, the burglar had been tall soweit er sich erinnern konnte, war der Einbrecher groß gewesen
    I'm as \near certain as can be ich bin mir so gut wie sicher
    there were about 60 people at the party, as \near as I could judge ich schätze, es waren so um die 60 Leute auf der Party
    \near enough ( fam) fast, beinahe
    she's been here 10 years, \near enough sie ist seit 10 Jahren hier, so ungefähr jedenfalls
    they're the same age or \near enough sie haben so ungefähr dasselbe Alter
    nowhere [or not anywhere] \near bei Weitem nicht
    his income is nowhere \near enough to live on sein Einkommen reicht bei Weitem nicht zum Leben [aus]
    he's not anywhere \near as [or so] tall as his sister er ist längst nicht so groß wie seine Schwester
    4.
    ▶ as \near as dammit [or damn it] BRIT ( fam)
    it will cost £200, or as \near as dammit so Pi mal Daumen gerechnet wird es etwa 200 Pfund kosten
    III. prep
    1. (in proximity to)
    ▪ \near [to] nahe [bei] + dat
    he stood \near her er stand nahe [o dicht] bei ihr
    do you live \near here? wohnen Sie hier in der Nähe?
    we live quite \near [to] a school wir wohnen in unmittelbarer Nähe einer Schule
    the house was nowhere \near the port das Haus lag nicht mal in der Nähe des Hafens
    don't come too \near me, you might catch my cold komm mir nicht zu nahe, du könntest dich mit meiner Erkältung anstecken
    which bus stop is \nearest [to] your house? welche Bushaltestelle ist von deinem Haus aus die nächste?
    go and sit \nearer [to] the fire komm, setz dich näher ans Feuer
    there's a car park \near the factory bei [o in der Nähe] der Fabrik gibt es einen Parkplatz
    I shan't be home till some time \near midnight ich werde erst so um Mitternacht zurück sein
    it's nowhere \near time for us to leave yet es ist noch längst nicht Zeit für uns zu gehen
    I'm nowhere \near finishing the book ich habe das Buch noch längst nicht ausgelesen
    details will be given \near the date die Einzelheiten werden kurz vor dem Termin bekanntgegeben
    his birthday is very \near Easter er hat kurz vor Ostern Geburtstag
    I'll think about it \nearer [to] the time wenn die Zeit reif ist, dann werde ich drüber nachdenken
    \near the end of the war gegen Kriegsende
    we came \near to being killed wir wären beinahe getötet worden
    they came \near to blows over the election results sie hätten sich fast geprügelt wegen der Wahlergebnisse
    \near to starvation/dehydration nahe dem Verhungern/Verdursten
    \near to tears den Tränen nahe
    4. (similar in quantity or quality)
    he's \nearer 70 than 60 er ist eher 70 als 60
    this colour is \nearest [to] the original diese Farbe kommt dem Original am nächsten
    nobody else comes \near him in cooking was das Kochen angeht, da kommt keiner an ihn ran
    5. (about ready to)
    ▪ to be \near to doing sth nahe daran sein, etw akk zu tun
    I am \near to losing my temper ich verliere gleich die Geduld
    he came \near to punching him er hätte ihn beinahe geschlagen
    6. (like)
    he felt something \near envy er empfand so etwas wie Neid
    what he said was nothing \near the truth was er sagte, entsprach nicht im Entferntesten der Wahrheit
    7. (almost amount of) annähernd, fast
    it weighed \near to a pound es wog etwas weniger als ein Pfund
    temperatures \near 30 degrees Temperaturen von etwas unter 30 Grad
    profits fell from £8 million to \nearer £6 million die Gewinne sind von 8 Millionen auf gerade mal 6 Millionen zurückgegangen
    IV. vt
    ▪ to \near sth sich akk etw dat nähern, etw dat näher kommen
    we \neared the top of the mountain wir kamen dem Gipfel des Berges immer näher
    to \near completion kurz vor der Vollendung stehen
    sb \nears his/her end ( liter) jds Ende naht euph
    V. vi sich akk nähern, näher kommen [o rücken]
    lunchtime is \nearing es ist bald Mittagszeit
    as Christmas \neared, little Susan became more and more excited als Weihnachten nahte, wurde die kleine Susan immer aufgeregter
    * * *
    [nɪə(r)] (+er)
    1. ADVERB
    1) = close in space or time nahe

    don't sit/stand so near — setzen Sie sich/stehen Sie nicht so nahe (daran)

    you live nearer/nearest — du wohnst näher/am nächsten

    to move/come nearer — näher kommen

    that was the nearest I ever got to seeing him — da hätte ich ihn fast gesehen

    the nearer it gets to the election, the more they look like losing — je näher die Wahl kommt or rückt, desto mehr sieht es danach aus, dass sie verlieren werden __diams; to be near at hand zur Hand sein; (shops) in der Nähe sein; (help) ganz nahe sein; (event) unmittelbar bevorstehen

    2) = closely, accurately genau

    as near as I can tell —

    (that's) near enough — so gehts ungefähr, das haut so ungefähr hin (inf)

    ... no, but near enough —... nein, aber es ist nicht weit davon entfernt

    3) = almost fast, beinahe; impossible nahezu, fast; dead nahezu
    4)

    in negative statements it's nowhere near enough — das ist bei Weitem nicht genug

    we're nowhere or not anywhere near finishing the book —

    you are nowhere or not anywhere near the truth — das ist weit gefehlt, du bist weit von der Wahrheit entfernt

    2. PREPOSITION
    (also ADV: near to)
    1) = close to position nahe an (+dat), nahe (+dat); (with motion) nahe an (+acc); (= in the vicinity of) in der Nähe von or +gen; (with motion) in die Nähe von or +gen

    move the chair near/nearer (to) the table — rücken Sie den Stuhl an den/näher an den Tisch

    to get near/nearer (to) sb/sth — nahe/näher an jdn/etw herankommen

    to stand near/nearer (to) the table — nahe/näher am Tisch stehen

    he won't go near anything illegal —

    near here/there — hier/dort in der Nähe

    near (to) where I had seen him — nahe der Stelle, wo ich ihn gesehen hatte

    to be nearest to sth — einer Sache (dat) am nächsten sein

    take the chair nearest (to) you/the table — nehmen Sie den Stuhl direkt neben Ihnen/dem Tisch

    that's nearer it —

    to be near (to) sb's heart or sb — jdm am Herzen liegen

    to be near (to) the knuckle or bone (joke) — gewagt sein; (remark) hart an der Grenze sein

    2) = close in time with time stipulated gegen

    near (to) the appointed time — um die ausgemachte Zeit herum

    come back nearer (to) 3 o'clock —

    to be nearer/nearest (to) sth — einer Sache (dat) zeitlich näher liegen/am nächsten liegen

    near (to) the end of my stay/the play/the book — gegen Ende meines Aufenthalts/des Stücks/des Buchs

    as it drew near/nearer (to) his departure — als seine Abreise heranrückte/näher heranrückte

    3)

    = on the point of to be near (to) doing sth — nahe daran sein, etw zu tun

    to be near (to) tears/despair etc — den Tränen/der Verzweiflung etc nahe sein

    she was near (to) laughing out loud — sie hätte beinahe laut gelacht

    the project is near/nearer (to) completion —

    he came near to ruining his chances — er hätte sich seine Chancen beinahe verdorben, es hätte nicht viel gefehlt, und er hätte sich seine Chancen verdorben

    we were near to being drowned — wir waren dem Ertrinken nahe, wir wären beinahe ertrunken

    4) = similar to ähnlich (+dat)

    German is nearer (to) Dutch than English is — Deutsch ist dem Holländischen ähnlicher als Englisch

    it's the same thing or near it —

    3. ADJECTIVE
    1) = close in space or time nahe

    to be near (person, object) — in der Nähe sein; (danger, end, help) nahe sein; (event, departure, festival) bevorstehen

    to be very near — ganz in der Nähe sein; (in time) nahe or unmittelbar bevorstehen; (danger etc) ganz nahe sein

    to be nearer/nearest — näher/am nächsten sein; (event etc) zeitlich näher/am nächsten liegen

    it looks very near —

    his answer was nearer than mine/nearest — seine Antwort traf eher zu als meine/traf die Sachlage am ehesten

    when death is so near — wenn man dem Tod nahe ist

    these events are still very near —

    the hour is near (when...) (old) her hour was near (old) — die Stunde ist nahe(, da...) (old) ihre Stunde war nahe (old)

    2) fig escape knapp

    a near disaster/accident — beinahe or fast ein Unglück nt/ein Unfall m

    his nearest rival — sein schärfster Rivale, seine schärfste Rivalin

    to be in a state of near collapse/hysteria — am Rande eines Zusammenbruchs/der Hysterie sein

    £50 or nearest offer (Comm) — Verhandlungsbasis £ 50

    we'll sell it for £50, or nearest offer — wir verkaufen es für £ 50 oder das nächstbeste Angebot

    this is the nearest translation you'll get — besser kann man es kaum übersetzen, diese Übersetzung trifft es noch am ehesten

    that's the nearest thing you'll get to a compliment/an answer — ein besseres Kompliment/eine bessere Antwort kannst du kaum erwarten

    3) = closely related, intimate relation nah; friend nah, vertraut
    4. TRANSITIVE VERB
    sich nähern (+dat)

    to be nearing sth (fig) — auf etw (acc) zugehen

    5. INTRANSITIVE VERB
    (time, event) näher rücken

    the time is nearing when... — die Zeit rückt näher, da...

    * * *
    near [nıə(r)]
    A adv
    1. nahe, (ganz) in der Nähe, dicht dabei
    2. nahe (bevorstehend) (Zeitpunkt, Ereignis etc)
    3. nahe (heran), näher:
    4. nahezu, beinahe, fast:
    £1,000 is not anywhere near enough 1000 Pfund sind bei Weitem nicht genug oder sind auch nicht annähernd genug;
    not anywhere near as bad as nicht annähernd so schlecht wie, bei Weitem nicht so schlecht wie
    5. obs sparsam:
    live near sparsam oder kärglich leben
    6. fig eng (verwandt, befreundet etc)
    7. SCHIFF hart (am Winde):
    B adj (adv → nearly)
    1. nahe (gelegen), in der Nähe:
    the nearest place der nächstgelegene Ort
    2. kurz, nahe:
    the nearest way der kürzeste Weg
    3. nahe (Zeitpunkt, Ereignis etc):
    4. nahe (verwandt):
    the nearest relations die nächsten Verwandten
    5. eng (befreundet oder vertraut):
    a near friend ein guter oder enger Freund;
    my nearest and dearest friend mein bester Freund;
    6. knapp:
    we had a near escape wir sind mit knapper Not entkommen;
    near miss FLUG, AUTO Beinahe-, Fastzusammenstoß m;
    a) knapp danebengehen (Schuss etc),
    b) fig knapp scheitern;
    that was a near thing umg das hätte ins Auge gehen können, das ist gerade noch einmal gut gegangen
    7. genau, wörtlich, wortgetreu (Übersetzung etc)
    8. umg knaus(e)rig
    C präp
    1. nahe (dat), in der oder die Nähe von (oder gen), nahe an (dat) oder bei, unweit (gen):
    near sb in jemandes Nähe;
    a house near the station ein Haus in Bahnhofsnähe;
    get near the end of one’s career sich dem Ende seiner Laufbahn nähern;
    near completion der Vollendung nahe, nahezu fertiggestellt;
    a) nicht weit von hier,
    b) hier in der Nähe;
    his opinion is very near my own wir sind fast der gleichen Meinung;
    be near doing sth nahe daran sein, etwas zu tun; → bone1 A 1
    2. (zeitlich) nahe, nicht weit von
    D v/t & v/i sich nähern, näher kommen (dat):
    be nearing completion der Vollendung entgegengehenBesondere Redewendungen: near at hand
    a) → A 1,
    b) → A 2 near by → nearby A;
    a) sich ungefähr belaufen auf (akk),
    b) einer Sache sehr nahe oder fast gleichkommen, fast etwas sein she came near to tears sie war den Tränen nahe, sie hätte fast geweint;
    come ( oder go) near to doing sth etwas fast oder beinahe tun;
    not come near to sth in keinem Verhältnis stehen zu etwas; → draw near, nowhere A 3
    nr abk near
    * * *
    1. adverb

    stand/live [quite] near — [ganz] in der Nähe stehen/wohnen

    come or draw near/nearer — [Tag, Zeitpunkt:] nahen/näherrücken

    near at hand — in Reichweite (Dat.); [Ort] ganz in der Nähe

    be near at hand — [Ereignis:] nahe bevorstehen

    near to = 2 a, b, c; we were near to being drowned — wir wären fast od. beinah[e] ertrunken

    2. preposition
    1) (in space) (position) nahe an/bei (+ Dat.); (motion) nahe an (+ Akk.); (fig.) nahe (geh.) nachgestellt (+ Dat.); in der Nähe (+ Gen.)

    keep near me — halte dich od. bleib in meiner Nähe

    near where... — in der Nähe od. unweit der Stelle (Gen.), wo...

    wait till we're nearer home — warte, bis wir nicht mehr so weit von zu Hause weg sind

    the man near/nearest you — der Mann, der bei dir/der dir am nächsten steht

    ask me again nearer the time — frag mich, wenn der Zeitpunkt etwas näher gerückt ist, noch einmal

    near the end/the beginning of something — gegen Ende/zu Anfang einer Sache (Gen.)

    4) in comb. Beinahe[unfall, -zusammenstoß, -katastrophe]

    a near-miracle — fast od. beinahe ein Wunder

    3. adjective
    2) (closely related) nahe [Verwandte]; eng [Freund]
    3) (in nature) fast richtig [Vermutung]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]

    £30 or near/nearest offer — 30 Pfund oder nächstbestes Angebot

    be a near miss — [Schuss, Wurf:] knapp danebengehen

    that was a near miss — (escape) das war aber knapp!

    4)

    the near side — (Brit.) (travelling on the left/right) die linke/rechte Seite

    4. transitive verb
    sich nähern (+ Dat.)
    * * *
    adj.
    nah adj. prep.
    nächst präp.

    English-german dictionary > near

  • 39 tell

    1. transitive verb,
    1) (make known) sagen [Name, Adresse, Alter]; (give account of) erzählen [Neuigkeit, Sorgen]; anvertrauen [Geheimnis]

    tell somebody something or something to somebody — jemandem etwas sagen/erzählen/anvertrauen

    tell somebody the way to the station — jemandem den Weg zum Bahnhof beschreiben

    tell somebody the time — jemandem sagen, wie spät es ist; jemandem die Uhrzeit sagen

    tell all — auspacken (ugs.)

    tell somebody [something] about somebody/something — jemandem [etwas] von jemandem/etwas erzählen

    tell somebody nothing/all about what happened — jemandem nichts davon/alles erzählen, was passiert ist

    will you tell him [that] I will come? — sag ihm bitte, dass ich kommen werde

    they tell me/us [that]... — (according to them) man sagt, dass...

    tell everyone/(coll.) the world [that/how etc.] — jedem/(ugs.) aller Welt erzählen[, dass/wie usw.]

    I cannot tell you how... — (cannot express how...) ich kann dir gar nicht sagen, wie...

    I couldn't tell you — (I don't know) das kann ich nicht sagen

    I can tell you,... — (I can assure you) ich kann dir sagen,...

    ..., I can tell you —..., das kann ich dir sagen

    you can't tell me [that]... — (it can't be true that...) du kannst mir doch nicht erzählen, dass...

    you can't tell him anything — (he won't accept advice) er lässt sich (Dat.) ja nichts sagen; (he is well-informed) ihm kannst du nichts erzählen

    let me tell you — (let me assure you)..., das kann ich dir sagen

    let me tell you that... — ich kann dir versichern, dass...

    ..., I tell you or I'm telling you —..., das sage ich dir

    you're telling me! — (coll.) wem sagst du das! (ugs.)

    I don't need to tell you [that]... — ich brauche dir wohl nicht extra zu sagen, dass...

    I was told that... — mir wurde gesagt, dass...

    so I've been told — (I know that) [das] habe ich schon gehört

    ... or so I've been/I'm told —..., wie ich gehört habe/höre

    no, don't tell me, let me guess — [nein,] sag's nicht, lass mich raten

    don't tell me [that]... — (expressing incredulity, dismay, etc.) jetzt sag bloß nicht, [dass]...

    you aren't trying or don't mean to tell me [that]...? — du wirst doch nicht sagen wollen, dass...?

    2) (relate, lit. or fig.) erzählen

    something tells its own story or tale — (needs no comment) etwas spricht für sich selbst

    tell a different story or tale — (reveal the truth) eine andere Sprache sprechen (fig.)

    live or survive to tell the tale — überleben

    tell tales [about somebody] — (gossip; reveal secret) [über jemanden] tratschen (ugs. abwertend)

    tell tales [to somebody] — (report) andere/einen anderen [bei jemandem] anschwärzen; [bei jemandem] petzen (Schülerspr. abwertend)

    tell tales — (lie) Lügengeschichten erzählen

    3) (instruct) sagen

    tell somebody [not] to do something — jemandem sagen, dass er etwas [nicht] tun soll; jemandem sagen, er soll[e] etwas [nicht] tun

    tell somebody what to do — jemandem sagen, was er tun soll

    do as or what I tell you — tu, was ich dir sage

    4) (determine) feststellen; (see, recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat.); (with reference to the future) [vorher]sagen

    tell the difference [between...] — den Unterschied [zwischen...] erkennen od. feststellen

    it's impossible/difficult to tell [if/what — etc.] es ist unmöglich/schwer zu sagen[, ob/was usw.]

    it's easy to tell whether... — es lässt sich leicht sagen, ob...

    you never can tell how/what — etc. man weiß nie, wie/was usw.

    5) (distinguish) unterscheiden
    6) (utter) sagen
    7)
    2. intransitive verb,

    how can you tell? — wie kann man das feststellen od. wissen?

    it's difficult or hard to tell — das ist schwer zu sagen

    how can one tell?, how can or do you tell? — woran kann man das erkennen?

    as far as one/I can tell,... — wie es aussieht,...

    who can tell? — wer kann das sagen od. will das wissen?

    2) (give information) erzählen (of, about von); (give evidence)
    3) (reveal secret) es verraten

    time [alone] will tell — das wird sich [erst noch] zeigen

    4) (produce an effect) sich auswirken; [Wort, Fausthieb, Schuss:] sitzen

    tell in favour of somebody or in somebody's favour — sich zu jemandes Gunsten auswirken

    tell against somebody/something — sich nachteilig für jemanden/auf etwas (Akk.) auswirken

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/112844/tell_apart">tell apart
    * * *
    [tel]
    1) (to inform or give information to (a person) about (something): He told the whole story to John; He told John about it.) erzählen
    2) (to order or command; to suggest or warn: I told him to go away.) befehlen
    3) (to say or express in words: to tell lies / the truth / a story.) sagen
    4) (to distinguish; to see (a difference); to know or decide: Can you tell the difference between them?; I can't tell one from the other; You can tell if the meat is cooked by/from the colour.) unterscheiden
    5) (to give away a secret: You mustn't tell or we'll get into trouble.) verraten
    6) (to be effective; to be seen to give (good) results: Good teaching will always tell.) sich auswirken
    •
    - teller
    - telling
    - tellingly
    - telltale
    - I told you so
    - tell off
    - tell on
    - tell tales
    - tell the time
    - there's no telling
    - you never can tell
    * * *
    [tel]
    I. vt
    <told, told>
    1. (say, communicate)
    ▪ to \tell sth etw sagen
    to \tell a lie lügen
    to \tell the truth die Wahrheit sagen
    to \tell it like it is ( fam) es [ganz] offen sagen
    ▪ to \tell sb sth jdm etw sagen; (relate, explain) jdm etw erzählen
    to \tell [you] the truth... ehrlich gesagt...
    can you \tell me the way to the station? können Sie mir sagen, wie ich zum Bahnhof komme?
    “I'm leaving you”, she told him „ich verlasse dich“, sagte sie [zu ihm]
    don't \tell me! I want it to be a surprise sag es mir nicht! es soll eine Überraschung sein
    to \tell sb a secret (confide) jdm ein Geheimnis anvertrauen; (give away) jdm ein Geheimnis verraten
    ▪ to \tell sb that... jdm sagen, dass...; (relate also) jdm erzählen, dass
    did you \tell anyone [that] you were coming to see me? hast du irgendjemandem erzählt [o gesagt], dass du mich besuchen wolltest?
    ▪ to \tell sb sth jdm etw sagen
    what did I \tell you? ( fam) das hab' ich doch gleich gesagt! fam
    didn't I \tell you? habe ich es dir nicht gleich gesagt?
    I told you so ( fam) ich habe es [dir] ja gleich gesagt
    you're \telling me! ( fam) wem sagst du das!
    I won't go, I \tell you! ich sage [o versichere] dir, ich werde nicht gehen!
    the suitcase was heavy, I can \tell you ( fam) ich kann dir sagen, der Koffer war vielleicht schwer!
    let me \tell you [that] it wasn't easy lass dir von mir gesagt sein [o ich kann dir sagen], es war nicht leicht!
    I cannot \tell you how much I love you! ich kann dir gar nicht sagen, wie sehr ich dich liebe!
    ▪ to \tell sth etw erzählen
    to \tell an anecdote eine Anekdote wiedergeben
    to \tell a joke einen Witz erzählen
    ▪ to \tell sth to sb jdm etw erzählen
    4. (give account)
    ▪ to \tell sb about [or ( form) of] sth/about sb jdm von etw/jdm erzählen
    don't you want to \tell me about what happened? möchtest du mir nicht erzählen, was passiert ist?
    she's told me a lot/everything about her time in Berlin sie hat mir viel/alles über ihre Zeit in Berlin erzählt
    I am sure she's told you a lot about me ich bin sicher, sie hat dir schon viel über mich erzählt
    5. (command, instruct)
    ▪ to \tell sb to do sth jdm sagen, dass er/sie etw tun soll
    \tell him to leave me alone sag ihm, er soll mich in Ruhe lassen fam
    I was told not to talk to strangers ich soll nicht mit Fremden reden
    do as you're told! ( fam) mach, was man dir sagt! fam
    I won't \tell you again - go to bed! ich sag's nicht noch mal - ab ins Bett!
    he wouldn't be told er wollte sich nichts sagen lassen
    6. (discern)
    ▪ to \tell sth/sb etw/jdn erkennen; (notice)
    ▪ to \tell sth etw [be]merken
    ▪ to \tell sth (know) etw wissen; (determine) etw feststellen
    I could \tell [that] you were unhappy ich habe gemerkt, dass du unglücklich warst
    I couldn't \tell much from her words ihren Worten war nicht viel zu entnehmen
    it was too dark for me to \tell what it said on the sign in der Dunkelheit konnte ich nicht erkennen, was auf dem Schild stand
    it's easy to \tell a non-native speaker einen Nichtmuttersprachler kann man leicht erkennen
    it's easy to \tell a blackbird by [or from] its song es ist leicht, eine Amsel an ihrem Gesang zu erkennen
    to \tell the difference einen Unterschied feststellen
    to \tell sth by ear etw mit dem Gehör feststellen
    to \tell the time die Uhr lesen
    can your son \tell the time yet? kann dein Sohn schon die Uhr lesen?, kennt dein Sohn schon die Uhr?
    ▪ to \tell sth/sb from sth/sb etw/jdn von etw/jdm unterscheiden
    to \tell right from wrong Recht und Unrecht unterscheiden
    I cannot \tell what it is ich kann nicht mit Bestimmtheit sagen, was es ist
    so [or as] far as I can \tell she's still in London soweit ich weiß, ist sie noch in London
    how could I \tell [that]? woher [o wie] sollte ich das [denn] wissen?
    he's Dutch — how can you \tell? er ist Holländer — woher willst du das wissen?
    there is no \telling what the future will bring man weiß nie [o wer weiß schon], was die Zukunft bringt
    who can \tell? wer weiß das schon?
    you can never [or never can] \tell man kann nie wissen
    to \tell fortunes wahrsagen
    to \tell sb's fortune jds Zukunft vorhersagen
    7. (count)
    to \tell one's beads den Rosenkranz beten
    to \tell the votes die Stimmen auszählen
    8.
    ▶ \tell me another [one] ( fam) wer's glaubt, wird selig fam
    ▶ to \tell tales [out of school] aus dem Nähkästchen plaudern hum fam
    II. vi
    <told, told>
    1. ( liter: give account, narrate)
    ▪ to \tell of sb/sth von jdm/etw erzählen
    2. ( fig: indicate)
    her face told of her anger aus ihrem Gesicht sprach Zorn
    ▪ to \tell on sb jdn verraten [o sl verpetzen
    4. (have an effect or impact) sich bemerkbar machen; blow, punch, word sitzen
    the boxer made every punch \tell bei dem Boxer saß jeder Schlag
    ▪ to \tell on sb/sth erkennbare Auswirkungen auf jdn/etw haben
    age has really told on him er ist ganz schön gealtert
    you look tired, these exercises really told on you du siehst müde aus, diese Übungen haben dich sichtlich geschafft fam
    all the stress began to \tell on my health der ganze Stress wirkte sich allmählich auf meine Gesundheit aus
    ▪ to \tell against sb sich nachteilig für jdn auswirken
    his reputation as a troublemaker told against him when they decided on who should be promoted sein Ruf als Unruhestifter sprach gegen ihn als es um die Entscheidung ging, wer befördert werden sollte
    * * *
    [tel] pret, ptp told
    1. vt
    1) (= relate) story, experiences, adventures erzählen (sb sth, sth to sb jdm etw acc); (= inform, say, announce) sagen (sb sth jdm etw acc)

    to tell sb's fortune — jdm wahrsagen, jdm die Zukunft deuten

    to tell the future — wahrsagen, die Zukunft deuten

    I told my friend/boss about what had happened — ich erzählte meinem Freund/berichtete meinem Chef, was geschehen war

    ... or so I've been told —... so hat man es mir jedenfalls gesagt or erzählt

    I can't tell you how pleased I am — ich kann Ihnen gar nicht sagen, wie sehr ich mich freue

    could you tell me the way to the station, please? — könn(t)en Sir mir bitte sagen, wie ich zum Bahnhof komme?

    (I'll) tell you what, let's go to the cinema — weißt du was, gehen wir doch ins Kino!

    don't tell me you can't come! — sagen Sie bloß nicht, dass Sie nicht kommen können!

    I won't do it, I tell you! — und ich sage dir, das mache ich nicht!

    let me tell you that... —

    it was cold, I can tell you — ich kann dir sagen, das war vielleicht kalt!

    tell me another! — nicht möglich!, wers glaubt!

    2) (= distinguish, discern) erkennen

    to tell the difference — den Unterschied sehen/fühlen/schmecken etc

    you can tell that he's clever/getting worried —

    you can't tell whether it's moving — man kann nicht sagen or sehen, ob es sich bewegt

    I couldn't tell if he had been in a fight or had just fallen — ich hätte nicht sagen können, ob er in einem Kampf verwickelt oder nur hingefallen war

    it was impossible to tell where the bullet had entered — es war unmöglich festzustellen, wo die Kugel eingetreten war

    to tell sb/sth by sth — jdn/etw an etw (dat) erkennen

    to tell right from wrong — wissen, was Recht und Unrecht ist, Recht von Unrecht unterscheiden

    See:
    → apart
    3) (= know, be sure) wissen

    how can I tell that he will do it? — wie kann ich sicher sein, dass er es tut?

    4) (= order) sagen (sb jdm)

    we were told to bring sandwiches with us — es wurde uns gesagt, dass wir belegte Brote mitbringen sollten

    tell him to stop singing — sagen Sie ihm, er soll aufhören zu singen

    don't you tell me what to do! —

    I told you not to do that — ich habe dir doch gesagt, du sollst das nicht tun!

    do as or what you are told! — tu, was man dir sagt!

    5) (old

    = count) to tell one's beads — den Rosenkranz beten

    2. vi +indir obj
    es sagen (+dat)

    you know what? – don't tell me, let me guess — weißt du was? – sags mir nicht, lass mich raten

    you're telling me! — das kann man wohl sagen!, wem sagen Sie das!

    3. vi
    1) (= discern, be sure) wissen

    no-one can/could tell — niemand kann/konnte das sagen, das weiß/wusste keiner

    you never can tell, you can never tell — man kann nie wissen

    2) (= talk, tell tales of) sprechen

    promise you won't tell — du musst versprechen, dass du nichts sagst

    3) (= have effect) sich bemerkbar machen

    his age told against him (in applying for job) (in competition) character always tells in the end — sein Alter war ein Nachteil für ihn sein Alter machte sich bemerkbar zum Schluss schlägt doch die Veranlagung durch

    a boxer who makes every punch tell — ein Boxer, bei dem jeder Schlag sitzt

    * * *
    tell [tel] prät und pperf told [təʊld]
    A v/t
    1. jemandem etwas sagen, erzählen:
    without telling anybody ohne es jemandem zu sagen;
    you didn’t tell me das hast du mir gar nicht erzählt;
    I’ll tell you later das erzähl ich dir später;
    I (can) tell you that … ich kann Ihnen versichern, dass …;
    I (just) can’t tell you how … ich kann Ihnen gar nicht sagen, wie …;
    I have been told mir ist gesagt worden;
    you’re telling me! umg wem sagen Sie das?;
    tell the world umg (es) hinausposaunen; → another 2, so1 A 5 a
    2. eine Geschichte etc erzählen
    3. mitteilen, berichten, sagen, nennen:
    tell one’s name seinen Namen nennen;
    tell the reason den Grund angeben;
    tell the time die Zeit anzeigen (Uhr);
    all told insgesamt, zusammen; → lie1 A, truth 1
    4. mit Worten ausdrücken:
    5. ein Geheimnis etc verraten
    6. (mit Bestimmtheit) sagen:
    it is difficult to tell es ist schwer zu sagen;
    there is no telling what … es lässt sich nicht sagen, was …
    7. erkennen (by, from an dat):
    I cannot tell who that person is ich kann nicht feststellen oder sagen, wer diese Person ist;
    tell by (the) ear mit dem Gehör feststellen, hören
    8. unterscheiden ( one from the other eines vom andern):
    tell apart, tell the difference between auseinanderhalten
    9. sagen, befehlen:
    tell sb to do sth jemandem sagen, er solle etwas tun;
    do as you are told tu, was ich gesagt habe
    10. (ab-)zählen:
    tell the votes PARL die Stimmen zählen; → bead A 2
    a) MIL abkommandieren ( for zu),
    b) umg jemanden rüffeln ( for wegen; for doing sth weil er etwas getan hat)
    B v/i
    1. berichten, erzählen ( beide:
    of von;
    about über akk)
    2. (of) ein Zeichen oder Beweis sein (für, von), beweisen (akk), verraten (akk)
    3. erkennen, wissen:
    how can you tell? wie können Sie das wissen oder sagen?;
    you never can tell man kann nie wissen
    4. umg petzen:
    tell on sb jemanden verraten oder verpetzen;
    don’t tell! nicht(s) verraten!
    5. wirken, sich auswirken ( beide:
    on bei, auf akk):
    every blow (word) tells jeder Schlag (jedes Wort) sitzt;
    the hard work began to tell on him die harte Arbeit hinterließ allmählich ihre Spuren bei ihm oder machte sich bei ihm bemerkbar;
    his troubles have told on him seine Sorgen haben ihn sichtlich mitgenommen;
    that tells against you das spricht gegen Sie
    6. anschlagen (das Gewicht erhöhen) ( with bei)
    7. sich (deutlich) abheben ( against gegen, von), (deutlich) hervortreten, zur Geltung kommen
    * * *
    1. transitive verb,
    1) (make known) sagen [Name, Adresse, Alter]; (give account of) erzählen [Neuigkeit, Sorgen]; anvertrauen [Geheimnis]

    tell somebody something or something to somebody — jemandem etwas sagen/erzählen/anvertrauen

    tell somebody the time — jemandem sagen, wie spät es ist; jemandem die Uhrzeit sagen

    tell all — auspacken (ugs.)

    tell somebody [something] about somebody/something — jemandem [etwas] von jemandem/etwas erzählen

    tell somebody nothing/all about what happened — jemandem nichts davon/alles erzählen, was passiert ist

    will you tell him [that] I will come? — sag ihm bitte, dass ich kommen werde

    they tell me/us [that]... — (according to them) man sagt, dass...

    I'll tell you what I'll do — weißt du, was ich machen werde?

    tell everyone/(coll.) the world [that/how etc.] — jedem/(ugs.) aller Welt erzählen[, dass/wie usw.]

    I cannot tell you how... — (cannot express how...) ich kann dir gar nicht sagen, wie...

    I couldn't tell you — (I don't know) das kann ich nicht sagen

    I can tell you,... — (I can assure you) ich kann dir sagen,...

    ..., I can tell you —..., das kann ich dir sagen

    you can't tell me [that]... — (it can't be true that...) du kannst mir doch nicht erzählen, dass...

    you can't tell him anything — (he won't accept advice) er lässt sich (Dat.) ja nichts sagen; (he is well-informed) ihm kannst du nichts erzählen

    let me tell you — (let me assure you)..., das kann ich dir sagen

    let me tell you that... — ich kann dir versichern, dass...

    ..., I tell you or I'm telling you —..., das sage ich dir

    you're telling me! — (coll.) wem sagst du das! (ugs.)

    I don't need to tell you [that]... — ich brauche dir wohl nicht extra zu sagen, dass...

    I was told that... — mir wurde gesagt, dass...

    so I've been told — (I know that) [das] habe ich schon gehört

    ... or so I've been/I'm told —..., wie ich gehört habe/höre

    no, don't tell me, let me guess — [nein,] sag's nicht, lass mich raten

    don't tell me [that]... — (expressing incredulity, dismay, etc.) jetzt sag bloß nicht, [dass]...

    you aren't trying or don't mean to tell me [that]...? — du wirst doch nicht sagen wollen, dass...?

    2) (relate, lit. or fig.) erzählen

    something tells its own story or tale — (needs no comment) etwas spricht für sich selbst

    tell a different story or tale — (reveal the truth) eine andere Sprache sprechen (fig.)

    live or survive to tell the tale — überleben

    tell tales [about somebody] — (gossip; reveal secret) [über jemanden] tratschen (ugs. abwertend)

    tell tales [to somebody] — (report) andere/einen anderen [bei jemandem] anschwärzen; [bei jemandem] petzen (Schülerspr. abwertend)

    tell tales — (lie) Lügengeschichten erzählen

    3) (instruct) sagen

    tell somebody [not] to do something — jemandem sagen, dass er etwas [nicht] tun soll; jemandem sagen, er soll[e] etwas [nicht] tun

    tell somebody what to do — jemandem sagen, was er tun soll

    do as or what I tell you — tu, was ich dir sage

    do as you are told — tu, was man dir sagt

    4) (determine) feststellen; (see, recognize) erkennen (by an + Dat.); (with reference to the future) [vorher]sagen

    tell the difference [between...] — den Unterschied [zwischen...] erkennen od. feststellen

    it's impossible/difficult to tell [if/what — etc.] es ist unmöglich/schwer zu sagen[, ob/was usw.]

    it's easy to tell whether... — es lässt sich leicht sagen, ob...

    you never can tell how/what — etc. man weiß nie, wie/was usw.

    5) (distinguish) unterscheiden
    6) (utter) sagen
    7)
    2. intransitive verb,

    it's difficult or hard to tell — das ist schwer zu sagen

    how can one tell?, how can or do you tell? — woran kann man das erkennen?

    as far as one/I can tell,... — wie es aussieht,...

    who can tell? — wer kann das sagen od. will das wissen?

    2) (give information) erzählen (of, about von); (give evidence)
    3) (reveal secret) es verraten

    time [alone] will tell — das wird sich [erst noch] zeigen

    4) (produce an effect) sich auswirken; [Wort, Fausthieb, Schuss:] sitzen

    tell in favour of somebody or in somebody's favour — sich zu jemandes Gunsten auswirken

    tell against somebody/something — sich nachteilig für jemanden/auf etwas (Akk.) auswirken

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: told)
    = berichten v.
    erzählen v.
    sagen v.

    English-german dictionary > tell

  • 40 go

    [gəʊ, Am goʊ] vi <goes, went, gone>
    1)
    ( proceed) gehen; vehicle, train fahren; plane fliegen;
    don't \go any closer - that animal is dangerous geh' nicht näher ran - das Tier ist gefährlich;
    the bus \goes from Vaihingen to Sillenbuch der Bus verkehrt zwischen Vaihingen und Sillenbuch;
    a shiver went down my spine mir fuhr ein Schauer über den Rücken;
    you \go first! geh du zuerst!;
    you \go next du bist als Nächste(r) dran!;
    hey, I \go now he, jetzt bin ich dran! ( fam)
    the doll \goes everywhere with him die Puppe nimmt er überallhin mit;
    drive to the end of the road, \go left, and... fahren Sie die Straße bis zum Ende entlang, biegen Sie dann links ab und...;
    \go south till you get to the coast halte dich südlich, bis du zur Küste kommst;
    we have a long way to \go wir haben noch einen weiten Weg vor uns;
    we've completed all of our goals - where do we \go from here? wir haben all unsere Ziele erreicht - wie geht es jetzt weiter?;
    the train hooted as it went into the tunnel der Zug pfiff, als er in den Tunnel einfuhr;
    who \goes there? wer da?;
    \go fetch it! hol'!;
    to \go towards sb/ sth auf jdn/etw zugehen;
    to \go home nach Hause gehen;
    to \go to hospital/ a party/ prison/ the toilet ins Krankenhaus/auf eine Party/ins Gefängnis/auf die Toilette gehen;
    to \go across to the pub rüber in die Kneipe gehen ( fam)
    to \go to sea zur See gehen ( fam)
    to \go across the street über die Straße gehen;
    to \go aboard/ ashore an Bord/Land gehen;
    to \go below nach unten gehen;
    to \go below deck unter Deck gehen;
    to \go downhill (a. fig) bergab gehen;
    to have it far to \go es weit haben;
    to \go offstage [von der Bühne] abgehen;
    to \go round sich akk drehen
    2) (in order to [get])
    could you \go into the kitchen and get me something to drink, please? könntest du bitte in die Küche gehen und mir was zu trinken holen?;
    would you \go and get me some things from the supermarket? würdest du mir ein paar Sachen vom Supermarkt mitbringen?;
    I just want to \go and have a look at that antique shop over there ich möchte nur schnell einen Blick in das Antiquitätengeschäft da drüben werfen;
    would you wait for me while I \go and fetch my coat? wartest du kurz auf mich, während ich meinen Mantel hole?;
    I'll just \go and put my shoes on ich ziehe mir nur schnell die Schuhe an;
    \go and wash your hands geh und wasch deine Hände;
    she's gone to meet Brian at the station sie ist Brian vom Bahnhof abholen gegangen;
    to \go and get some fresh air frische Luft schnappen gehen;
    to \go to see sb jdn aufsuchen
    3) ( travel) reisen;
    have you ever gone to Africa before? warst du schon einmal in Afrika?;
    to \go by bike/ car/ coach/ train mit dem Fahrrad/Auto/Bus/Zug fahren;
    to \go on a cruise eine Kreuzfahrt machen;
    to \go on [a] holiday in Urlaub gehen;
    to \go to Italy nach Italien fahren;
    last year I went to Spain letztes Jahr war ich in Spanien;
    to \go on a journey verreisen, eine Reise machen;
    to \go by plane fliegen;
    to \go on a trip eine Reise machen;
    to \go abroad ins Ausland gehen
    4) ( disappear) stain, keys verschwinden;
    where have my keys gone? wo sind meine Schlüssel hin?;
    ah, my tummy ache is gone! ah, meine Bauchschmerzen sind weg!;
    I really don't know where all my money \goes ich weiß auch nicht, wo mein ganzes Geld hinverschwindet!;
    half of my salary \goes on rent die Hälfte meines Gehaltes geht für die Miete drauf;
    gone are the days when... vorbei sind die Zeiten, wo...;
    here \goes my free weekend... das war's dann mit meinem freien Wochenende...;
    all his money \goes on his car er steckt sein ganzes Geld in sein Auto;
    there \goes another one! und wieder eine/einer weniger!;
    hundreds of jobs will \go das wird Hunderte von Arbeitsplätzen kosten;
    the president will have to \go der Präsident wird seinen Hut nehmen müssen;
    that cat will have to \go die Katze muss verschwinden!;
    all hope has gone jegliche Hoffnung ist geschwunden;
    to \go adrift naut abtreiben, wegtreiben; ( fig) gestohlen werden;
    one of my books has gone adrift from my desk eines meiner Bücher ist von meinem Schreibtisch verschwunden;
    to \go missing (Brit, Aus) verschwinden
    5) ( leave) gehen;
    we have to \go now [or it's time to \go] wir müssen jetzt gehen;
    I must be \going ich muss jetzt allmählich gehen;
    has she gone yet? ist sie noch da?;
    the bus has gone der Bus ist schon weg (old);
    be gone! hinweg mit dir veraltet;
    to let sth/sb \go, to let \go of sth/sb etw/jdn loslassen
    6) (do)
    to \go biking/ jogging/ shopping/swimming etc. Rad fahren/joggen/einkaufen/schwimmen etc. gehen;
    to \go looking for sb/ sth jdn/etw suchen gehen;
    if you \go telling all my secrets,... wenn du hergehst und alle meine Geheimnisse ausplauderst,...;
    don't you dare \go crying to your mum about this untersteh dich, deswegen heulend zu deiner Mama zu laufen
    7) ( attend)
    to \go to church/ a concert in die Kirche/ins Konzert gehen;
    to \go to the cinema [or (Am) a movie] [or ( Brit) ( fam) the pictures] ins Kino gehen;
    to \go to the doctor zum Arzt gehen;
    to \go to kindergarten/ school/ university in den Kindergarten/in die Schule/auf die Universität gehen;
    to \go on a pilgrimage auf Pilgerfahrt gehen
    8) ( answer)
    I'll \go ( phone) ich geh' ran;
    ( door) ich mach' auf
    9) (dress [up])
    to \go as sth witch, pirate als etw gehen;
    what shall I \go in? als was soll ich gehen?
    10) + adj ( become) werden;
    the line has gone dead die Leitung ist tot;
    the milk's gone sour die Milch ist sauer;
    the tyre has gone flat der Reifen ist platt;
    my mind suddenly went blank ich hatte plötzlich wie ein Brett vorm Kopf (sl)
    I always \go red when I'm embarrassed ich werde immer rot, wenn mir etwas peinlich ist;
    he described the new regulations as bureaucracy gone mad er bezeichnete die neuen Bestimmungen als Ausgeburt einer wild gewordenen Bürokratie;
    I went cold mir wurde kalt;
    she's gone Communist sie ist jetzt Kommunistin;
    he's gone all environmental er macht jetzt voll auf Öko ( fam)
    to \go bad food schlecht werden;
    to \go bald/ grey kahl/grau werden;
    to \go bankrupt bankrottgehen;
    to \go haywire ( out of control) außer Kontrolle geraten;
    ( malfunction) verrückt spielen ( fam)
    to \go public an die Öffentlichkeit treten; stockex an die Börse gehen;
    to \go to sleep einschlafen
    11) + adj (be) sein;
    to \go hungry hungern;
    to \go thirsty dursten;
    to \go unmentioned/ unnoticed/ unsolved unerwähnt/unbemerkt/ungelöst bleiben
    12) ( turn out) gehen;
    how did your party \go? und, wie war deine Party?;
    how's your thesis \going? was macht deine Doktorarbeit?;
    how are things \going? und, wie läuft's? ( fam)
    if everything \goes well... wenn alles gut geht...;
    things have gone well es ist gut gelaufen;
    the way things \go wie das halt so geht;
    the way things are \going at the moment... so wie es im Moment aussieht...;
    to \go like a bomb ein Bombenerfolg sein ( fam)
    to \go according to plan nach Plan laufen;
    to \go from bad to worse vom Regen in die Traufe kommen;
    to \go against/ for sb election zu jds Ungunsten pl /Gunsten pl ausgehen;
    to \go wrong schiefgehen ( fam), schieflaufen ( fam)
    13) ( pass) vergehen, verstreichen;
    time seems to \go faster as you get older die Zeit scheint schneller zu vergehen, wenn man älter wird;
    only two days to \go... nur noch zwei Tage...;
    one week to \go till Christmas noch eine Woche bis Weihnachten;
    in days gone by in längst vergangenen Zeiten;
    two exams down, one to \go zwei Prüfungen sind schon geschafft, jetzt noch eine, dann ist es geschafft!;
    I've three years to \go before I can retire mir fehlen noch drei Jahre bis zur Rente!
    14) ( begin) anfangen;
    ready to \go? bist du bereit?;
    one, two, three, \go! eins, zwei, drei, los!;
    we really must get \going with these proposals wir müssen uns jetzt echt an diese Konzepte setzen;
    let's \go! los!;
    here \goes! jetzt geht's los!
    15) ( fail) kaputtgehen; hearing, health, memory nachlassen; rope reißen;
    our computer is \going unser Computer gibt seinen Geist auf ( hum) ( fam)
    my jeans is gone at the knees meine Jeans ist an den Knien durchgescheuert;
    her mind is \going sie baut geistig ganz schön ab! ( fam)
    16) ( die) sterben;
    she went peacefully in her sleep sie starb friedlich im Schlaf
    17) ( belong) hingehören;
    I'll put it away if you tell me where it \goes ich räum's weg, wenn du mir sagst, wo es hingehört;
    the silverware \goes in the drawer over there das Silber kommt in die Schublade da drüben;
    those tools \go in the garage diese Werkzeuge gehören in die Garage;
    that is to \go into my account das kommt auf mein Konto;
    where do you want that to \go? wo soll das hin?;
    that \goes under a different chapter das gehört in ein anderes Kapitel
    to \go to sb prize, house an jdn gehen; property auf jdn übergehen ( geh)
    Manchester went to Labour Manchester ging an Labour
    19) ( lead) road führen;
    where does this trail \go? wohin führt dieser Pfad?
    20) ( extend) gehen;
    the meadow \goes all the way down to the road die Weide erstreckt sich bis hinunter zur Straße;
    your idea is good enough, as far as it \goes... deine Idee ist so weit ganz gut,...;
    the numbers on the paper \go from 1 to 10 die Nummern auf dem Blatt gehen von 1 bis 10
    21) ( in auction) gehen;
    I'll \go as high as £200 ich gehe bis zu 200 Pfund
    22) ( function) watch gehen; machine laufen;
    our business has been \going for twenty years unser Geschäft läuft seit zwanzig Jahren;
    I'm not saying anything as long as the tape recorder is \going ich sage gar nichts, solange das Tonbandgerät läuft;
    to \go slow econ einen Bummelstreik machen; watch nachgehen;
    to get sth \going [or to \go] [or to make sth \go] etw in Gang bringen;
    to get a party \going eine Party in Fahrt bringen;
    to get [or set] sb \going jdn in Fahrt bringen;
    to keep \going person weitermachen; car weiterfahren;
    come on! keep \going! ja, weiter! ( fam)
    to keep sth \going etw in Gang halten; factory in Betrieb halten;
    to keep a conversation \going eine Unterhaltung am Laufen halten;
    to keep a fire \going ein Feuer am Brennen halten;
    that thought kept me \going dieser Gedanke ließ mich durchhalten;
    here's some food to keep you \going hier hast du erst mal was zu essen
    23) ( have recourse) gehen;
    to \go to court over sth wegen einer S. gen vor Gericht gehen;
    to \go to the police zur Polizei gehen;
    to \go to war in den Krieg ziehen
    24) (match, be in accordance)
    to \go [with sth] [zu etw dat] passen;
    these two colours don't \go diese beiden Farben beißen sich;
    to \go against logic unlogisch sein;
    to \go against one's principles gegen jds Prinzipien pl verstoßen
    25) ( fit)
    five \goes into ten two times [or five into ten \goes twice] fünf geht zweimal in zehn;
    do you think all these things will \go into our little suitcase? glaubst du, das ganze Zeug wird in unseren kleinen Koffer passen? ( fam)
    26) ( be sold) weggehen ( fam)
    \going, \going, gone! zum Ersten, zum Zweiten, [und] zum Dritten!;
    pocketbooks are \going for $10 for the next two days in den nächsten zwei Tagen sind die Taschenbücher für 10 Dollar zu haben;
    to \go to sb an jdn gehen;
    to \go like hot cakes weggehen wie warme Semmeln ( fam)
    to be \going cheap billig zu haben sein
    27) (serve, contribute)
    to \go [to sth] [zu etw dat] beitragen;
    the money will \go to the victims of the earthquake das Geld ist für die Erdbebenopfer bestimmt;
    this will \go towards your holiday das [Geld] ist für deinen Urlaub bestimmt;
    your daughter's attitude only \goes to prove how much... die Einstellung deiner Tochter zeigt einmal mehr, wie sehr...
    28) ( move) machen;
    when I \go like this, my hand hurts wenn ich so mache, tut meine Hand weh;
    \go like this with your hand to show that... mach so mit deiner Hand, um zu zeigen, dass...
    29) ( sound) machen;
    I think I heard the doorbell \go just now ich glaube, es hat gerade geklingelt;
    there \goes the bell es klingelt;
    ducks \go ‘quack’ Enten machen „quack“;
    with sirens \going ambulance mit heulender Sirene
    anything \goes alles ist erlaubt;
    that \goes for all of you das gilt für euch alle!
    31) (be told, sung) gehen; title, theory lauten;
    I can never remember how that song \goes ich weiß nie, wie dieses Lied geht;
    the story \goes that... es heißt, dass...;
    the rumour \goes that... es geht das Gerücht, dass...
    as hospitals/things \go verglichen mit anderen Krankenhäusern/Dingen;
    as things \go today it wasn't that expensive für heutige Verhältnisse war es gar nicht so teuer
    I really have to \go ich muss ganz dringend mal! ( fam)
    I've gone and lost my earring ich habe meinen Ohrring verloren;
    you've really gone and done it now! jetzt hast du aber was Schönes angerichtet! ( iron) (pej!)
    \go to hell! geh [o scher dich] zum Teufel! ( fam)
    do you want that pizza here or to \go? möchten Sie die Pizza hier essen oder mitnehmen?;
    (Am)
    I'd like a cheeseburger to \go, please ich hätte gerne einen Cheeseburger zum Mitnehmen
    is there any beer \going? gibt es Bier?;
    I'll have whatever is \going ich nehme das, was gerade da ist
    37) (fam: treat)
    to \go easy on sb jdn schonend behandeln, jdn glimpflich davonkommen lassen
    PHRASES:
    to \go halves on sth sich dat etw je zur Hälfte teilen;
    \go [and] take a running jump! mach bloß, dass du abhaust! ( fam)
    to \go all out to do sth alles daransetzen, etw zu tun;
    to \go Dutch getrennt zahlen;
    easy come, easy \go (\go) wie gewonnen, so zerronnen ( prov)
    \go [and] get stuffed! ( fam) du kannst mich mal! ( fam)
    here we \go again ( fam) jetzt geht das wieder los! ( fam)
    there you \go bitte schön!;
    ( told you so) sag ich's doch! ( fam)
    there he \goes again ( fam) jetzt fängt er schon wieder damit an! ( fam)
    don't \go there ( fam) lass dich nicht darauf ein;
    that \goes without saying das versteht sich von selbst aux vb future tense
    to be \going to do sth etw tun werden;
    we are \going to have a party tomorrow wir geben morgen eine Party;
    he was \going to phone me this morning er wollte mich heute Morgen anrufen;
    isn't she \going to accept the job after all? nimmt sie den Job nun doch nicht an? vt <goes, went, gone>
    1) ( esp Am) ( travel)
    to \go sth a route, a highway etw nehmen
    2) (fam: say)
    to \go sth;
    she \goes to me: I never want to see you again! sie sagt zu mir: ich will dich nie wieder sehen!
    to \go sth etw reizen;
    to \go nap die höchste Zahl von Stichen ansagen
    4) ( Brit) ( like)
    to not \go much on sth sich dat nicht viel aus etw dat machen
    5) ( become)
    to \go sth;
    my mind went a complete blank ich hatte voll ein Brett vorm Kopf! ( fam)
    PHRASES:
    to \go nap alles auf eine Karte setzen;
    to \go a long way lange [vor]halten;
    sb will \go a long way jd wird es weit bringen;
    to \go it alone etw im Alleingang tun;
    to \go it some es laufen lassen ( fam)
    to \go it ( fam) es toll treiben ( fam) ( move quickly) ein tolles Tempo drauf haben;
    ( work hard) sich akk reinknien n
    pl - es>
    1) ( turn)
    I'll have a \go at driving if you're tired ich kann dich mit dem Fahren ablösen, wenn du müde bist ( fam)
    you've had your \go already! du warst schon dran!;
    hey, it's Ken's \go now he, jetzt ist Ken dran;
    can I have a \go? darf ich mal?;
    to miss one \go einmal aussetzen;
    ( not voluntarily) einmal übersprungen werden
    2) ( attempt) Versuch m;
    have a \go! versuch' es doch einfach mal! ( fam)
    at one \go auf einen Schlag;
    ( drink) in einem Zug ( fam)
    all in one \go alle[s] auf einmal;
    at the first \go auf Anhieb;
    to give sth a \go etw versuchen;
    to have a \go at sb ( criticize) jdn runtermachen ( fam) ( attack) über jdn herfallen;
    his boss had a \go at him about his appearance sein Chef hat sich ihn wegen seines Äußeren vorgeknöpft ( fam)
    members of the public are strongly advised not to have a \go at this man die Öffentlichkeit wird eindringlich davor gewarnt, etwas gegen diesen Mann zu unternehmen;
    to have a \go at doing sth versuchen, etw zu tun;
    to have several \goes at sth für etw akk mehrere Anläufe nehmen
    3) no pl ( energy) Antrieb m, Elan m;
    to be full of \go voller Elan sein
    4) ( esp Brit) (fam: dose) Anfall m;
    she had such a bad \go of the flu that she took a week off from work sie hatte so eine schlimme Grippe, dass sie sich eine Woche freinahm
    it's all \go here hier ist immer was los ( fam)
    it's all \go and no relaxing on those bus tours auf diesen Busfahrten wird nur gehetzt und man kommt nie zum Ausruhen ( fam)
    I've got two projects on the \go at the moment ich habe momentan zwei Projekte gleichzeitig laufen;
    to be on the \go [ständig] auf Trab sein;
    I've been on the \go all day long ich war den ganzen Tag auf Achse ( fam)
    to keep sb on the \go jdn auf Trab halten ( fam)
    PHRASES:
    from the word \go von Anfang an;
    to be all the \go ( Brit) (dated) ( fam) der letzte Schrei sein;
    that was a near \go das war knapp;
    to make a \go of sth mit etw dat Erfolg haben;
    she's making a \go of her new antique shop ihr neues Antiquitätengeschäft ist ein voller Erfolg ( fam)
    to be touch and \go auf der Kippe stehen ( fam)
    it's no \go da ist nichts zu machen adj
    pred, inv [start]klar, in Ordnung;
    all systems [are] \go alles klar;
    all systems \go, take-off in t minus 10 alle Systeme zeigen grün, Start in t minus 10

    English-German students dictionary > go

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  • The International School Maastricht — The International School of Maastricht is based in the town of Maastricht in south Limburg, Netherlands.The school shares a building with a Dutch school known as porta mosana formally euro college. The international school has about 200 pupils… …   Wikipedia

  • The American School of Tangier — IntroductionThe American School of Tangier (founded in 1950) is an independent private school located at 149, Rue Christophe Colomb, Tangier, Morocco. The school offers courses from prekindergarten to the 12th grade.HistoryThe American School of… …   Wikipedia

  • Dutch East Indies — Dutch colony ← …   Wikipedia

  • Dutch Golden Age painting — Dutch Masters redirects here. For the cigar, see Dutch Masters (cigar). Johannes Vermeer, The Milkmaid (1658–1660) Dutch Golden Age painting is the painting of the Dutch Golden Age, a period in Dutch history generally spanning the 17th century,[ …   Wikipedia

  • 1977 Dutch school hostage crisis — On the morning of Monday, May 23 1977 four armed South Moluccans took hostage of 105 children and their 5 teachers at a primary school in Bovensmilde in the Dutch province of Drenthe. At the same time nine others hijacked a train in the nearby De …   Wikipedia

  • The Blue Bird (play) — The Blue Bird ( L Oiseau bleu ) is a 1908 play by Maurice Maeterlinck. It premiered on 30 September 1908 at Constantin Stanislavski s Moscow Art Theatre and has been turned into several films and a TV series. The French composer Albert Wolff… …   Wikipedia

  • Dutch Renaissance and Golden Age literature — is the literature written in the Dutch language in the Low Countries from around 1550 to around 1700. This period saw great political and religious changes as the Reformation spread across Northern and Western Europe and the Netherlands fought… …   Wikipedia

  • Dutch Fork High School — Location Irmo, South Carolina, United States Coordinates …   Wikipedia

  • Dutch literature — comprises all writings of literary merit written through the ages in the Dutch language, a language which currently has around 23 million native speakers. Dutch literature is not restricted to the Netherlands, Flanders (Belgium), Suriname and the …   Wikipedia

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