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• AMSTERDAM — AMSTERDAM, constitutional capital of the netherlands . Ashkenazim until 1795 DEMOGRAPHY AND ECONOMY The beginning The first Ashkenazim arrived in Amsterdam from the end of the 1610s onwards. They left the German countries owing to the Thirty… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

• PALACHE, JUDAH LION — (1886–1944), Orientalist and teacher. Palache was born in Amsterdam, a son of Isaac Palache, the ḥakham of the Spanish Portuguese congregation. He studied at the Ets Ḥayyim rabbinical seminary and at Amsterdam and Leyden universities and was a… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism