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stood+at+bay

  • 1 tetap bertahan

    stand at bay, stood at bay, stood at bay, standing at bay

    Indonesia-Inggris kamus > tetap bertahan

  • 2 vi

    * * *
    * * *
    vi
    ver2 (↑ ver (2))
    * * *

    Del verbo ver: ( conjugate ver)

    vi es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    ver    
    vi
    ver 1 sustantivo masculino
    1 ( aspecto):
    ◊ ser de buen vi to be good-looking o attractive

    2 ( opinión):
    ◊ a mi/su vi in my/his view

    ver 2 ( conjugate ver) verbo transitivo
    1

    ◊ ¿ves algo? can you see anything?;

    no se ve nada aquí you can't see a thing in here;
    lo vi hablando con ella I saw him talking to her
    b) ( mirar) ‹programa/partido› to watch;


    esa película ya la he visto I've seen that movie before;
    no poder (ni) vi a algn: no la puede vi he can't stand her
    2 (entender, notar) to see;
    ◊ ¿no ves lo que está pasando? don't o can't you see what's happening?;

    se la ve preocupada she looks worried;
    hacerse vi (RPl) to show off
    3
    a) (constatar, comprobar) to see;


    ¡ya viás lo que pasa! you'll see what happens;
    ¡ya se viá! we'll see

    ◊ ¡nunca he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it!;

    ¡si vieras lo mal que lo pasé! you can't imagine how awful it was!;
    ¡hubieras visto cómo se asustaron! (AmL) you should have seen the fright they got!
    4
    ◊ a ver: (vamos) a vi ¿de qué se trata? OK o all right, now, what's the problem?;

    está aquí, en el periódico — ¿a vi? it's here in the newspaper — let's see;
    apriétalo a vi qué pasa press it and see what happens;
    a vi si escribes pronto make sure you write soon
    5
    a) ( estudiar):


    tengo que vi cómo lo arreglo I have to work out how I can fix it;
    ya vié qué hago I'll decide what to do later

    ◊ ¿la ha visto un médico? has she been seen by a doctor yet?

    6
    a) (juzgar, considerar):


    a mi modo or manera de vi the way I see it


    no le veo la gracia I don't think it's funny
    7 (visitar, entrevistarse con) ‹amigo/pariente› to see, visit;
    ‹médico/jefe› to see;
    ◊ ¡cuánto tiempo sin vite! I haven't seen you for ages!

    8
    ◊ tener … que ver: ¿y eso qué tiene que vi? and what does that have to do with it?;

    no tengo nada que vi con él I have nothing to do with him;
    ¿qué tiene que vi que sea sábado? what difference does it make that it's Saturday?
    verbo intransitivo
    1 ( percibir con la vista) to see;

    no veo bien de lejos/de cerca I'm shortsighted/longsighted
    2 ( constatar):
    ◊ ¿hay cerveza? — no sé, voy a vi is there any beer? — I don't know, I'll have a look;

    pues viás, todo empezó cuando … well you see, the whole thing began when …
    3 ( pensar) to see;

    estar/seguir en viemos (AmL fam): todavía está en viemos it isn't certain yet;
    seguimos en viemos we still don't know anything
    verse verbo pronominal
    1 ( refl) (percibirse, imaginarse) to see oneself
    2 ( hallarse) (+ compl) to find oneself;

    me vi obligado a despedirlo I had no choice but to dismiss him
    3 (esp AmL) ( parecer):

    no se ve bien con ese peinado that hairdo doesn't suit her
    4 ( recípr)

    ◊ nos vemos a las siete I'll meet o see you at seven;

    ¡nos vemos! (esp AmL) see you!
    b) (visitarse, encontrarse) to see each other;


    vise con algn to see sb
    vi see ver 2
    ver 1 m (aspecto exterior) aún estás de buen ver, you're still good-looking
    ver 2 I verbo transitivo
    1 to see: vi tu cartera sobre la mesa, I saw your wallet on the table
    no veo nada, I can't see anything
    puede ver tu casa desde aquí, he can see your house from here ➣ Ver nota en see; (mirar la televisión) to watch: estamos viendo las noticias de las tres, we are watching the three o'clock news
    (cine) me gustaría ver esa película, I'd like to see that film
    2 (entender) no veo por qué no te gusta, I can't see why you don't like it
    (considerar) a mi modo de ver, as far as I can see o as I see it
    tus padres no ven bien esa relación, your parents don't agree with that relationship
    (parecer) se te ve nervioso, you look nervous
    3 (averiguar) ya veremos qué sucede, we'll soon see what happens
    fam (uso enfático) ¡no veas qué sitio tan bonito!, you wouldn't believe what a beautiful place!
    4 a ver, let's see: a ver si acabamos este trabajo, let's see if we can finish this job
    me compré un compacto, - ¿a ver?, I bought a compact disc, - let's have a look!
    5 (ir a ver, visitar) to see, visit: le fui a ver al hospital, I visited him in hospital
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 to see: no ve bien de lejos, he's shortsighted, US nearsighted
    2 (dudar, pensar) ¿me prestas este libro?, - ya veré, will you lend me this book?, - I'll see
    3 (tener relación) no tengo nada que ver con ese asunto, I have nothing to do with that business
    solo tiene cincuenta años, - ¿y eso qué tiene qué ver?, he's only fifty, - so what?
    ♦ Locuciones: no poder ver a alguien: no puede (ni) verle, she can't stand him
    ¿To see, to watch o to look?
    Los tres verbos reflejan tres conceptos muy distintos. To see hace referencia a la capacidad visual y no es fruto de una acción deliberada. A menudo se usa con can o could: I can see the mountains from my bedroom. Puedo ver las montañas desde mi dormitorio.
    To look at implica una acción deliberada: I saw an old atlas, so I opened it and looked at the maps. Vi un atlas antiguo, así que lo abrí y miré los mapas.
    To watch también se refiere a una acción deliberada, a menudo cuando se tiene un interés especial por lo que ocurre: I watched the planes in the sky with great interest. Miraba los aviones en el cielo con gran interés. Igualmente puede indicar el paso del tiempo (we watched the animals playing for half an hour, durante media hora observamos cómo jugaban los animales), movimiento (they stood there watching the cars drive off into the distance, se quedaron allí de pie viendo cómo se marchaban los coches) o vigilancia (the policemen have been watching this house because they thought we were thieves, los policías estaban vigilando la casa porque pensaban que éramos ladrones).
    Para hablar de películas u obras de teatro usamos to see: Have you seen Hamlet?, ¿Has visto Hamlet? To watch se refiere a la televisión y los deportes en general: I always watch the television in the evening. Siempre veo la televisión por las noches. I like to watch football. Me gusta ver el fútbol. Al hablar de programas o partidos específicos podemos usar tanto to watch como to see: I like to see/watch the news at 9:00. Me gusta ver las noticias a las 9.00. Did you see/watch the match last night?, ¿Viste el partido anoche?
    'vi' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abandonar
    - abdicar
    - abjurar
    - abominar
    - acostumbrar
    - aflojar
    - alborotar
    - alcanzar
    - aligerar
    - alimentar
    - alternar
    - alucinar
    - amainar
    - aparentar
    - apenas
    - apestar
    - apetecer
    - aportar
    - arrasar
    - arreciar
    - arrollar
    - aspirar
    - atender
    - atracar
    - atrasar
    - atufar
    - aumentar
    - bucear
    - castañetear
    - chapar
    - chirriar
    - chutar
    - cocer
    - contribuir
    - convalecer
    - crujir
    - declarar
    - declinar
    - desafinar
    - descargar
    - descarrilar
    - desempatar
    - desmontar
    - devolver
    - echar
    - egresar
    - empatar
    - encallar
    - encanecer
    - encantar
    English:
    abort
    - abseil
    - accrue
    - act up
    - add
    - adjust
    - advance
    - advertise
    - agitate
    - alight
    - appreciate
    - around
    - assemble
    - awaken
    - back out
    - back up
    - backpedal
    - bake
    - balance out
    - bark
    - bat
    - bay
    - beat down
    - beaver away
    - begin
    - belch
    - believe
    - beware
    - bicker
    - black out
    - blare out I
    - bleat
    - bleed
    - blend
    - bloom
    - blot
    - blow
    - blow off
    - boil over
    - bomb
    - boohoo
    - book in
    - book out
    - boomerang
    - bottom out
    - branch
    - break
    - breed
    - buck
    - bucket
    * * *
    vi ver ver
    * * *
    vi
    vb → ver

    Spanish-English dictionary > vi

  • 3 vista

    f.
    1 sight, eyesight (sentido).
    tiene buena/mala vista, está bien/mal de la vista she has good/poor eyesight
    perder la vista to lose one's sight, to go blind
    corto de vista short-sighted
    vista cansada eyestrain
    2 watching.
    3 gaze (mirada).
    dirigió la vista hacia la pantalla she turned her eyes o gaze to the screen
    fijar la vista en to fix one's eyes on, to stare at
    a primera o simple vista at first sight, on the face of it (aparentemente)
    4 view (panorama).
    una habitación con vistas a room with a view
    con vistas al mar with a sea view
    vista frontal front view
    vista lateral side view
    vista panorámica bird's-eye-view
    5 hearing (law).
    6 court hearing, hearing, trial.
    7 customs inspector.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: ver.
    pres.subj.
    1st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: vestir.
    * * *
    1 (visión) sight, vision
    2 (ojo) eye, eyes plural
    3 (panorama) view
    4 (aspecto) appearance, aspect, look
    5 (dibujo, cuadro, foto) view
    6 (intención) intention
    7 (propósito) outlook, prospect
    8 DERECHO trial, hearing
    1 view sing
    \
    a la vista at sight, on sight
    a la vista de todos (públicamente) in full view of everyone 2 (abiertamente) openly
    a primera vista / a simple vista at first sight
    a tantos días vista so many days after sight
    ver algo a vista de pájaro to have a a bird's-eye view of something
    actuar con mucha vista figurado to act with great foresight
    alzar la vista to raise one's eyes, look up
    apartar la vista de algo/alguien to look away from something/somebody
    bajar la vista to look down
    clavar la vista en algo / fijar la vista en algo to stare at something
    comerse algo/alguien con la vista figurado to devour something/somebody with one's eyes
    con vistas a (hacia) overlooking 2 (pensando en) with a view to, in anticipation of
    conocer a alguien de vista to know somebody by sight
    en vista de in view of, considering
    estar a la vista to be evident, be obvious
    hacer la vista gorda familiar to turn a blind eye
    no quitar la vista de encima figurado not to take one's eyes off
    poner a la vista to put on show
    quitar de la vista to take away
    ser agradable a la vista to be pleasing to the eye
    ser corto,-a de vista to be short-sighted
    tener la vista cansada to be suffering from eyestrain
    tener mala vista to have poor eyesight
    tener mucha vista figurado to be far-sighted
    tener vista de lince figurado to be eagle-eyed, have eyes like a hawk
    volver la vista atrás to look back
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) vision, eyesight
    2) view, sight
    3) glance, look
    * * *
    1. SF
    1) (=visión) sight, eyesight

    • nublarse la vista, se me nubló la vista — my eyes clouded over

    • perder la vista — to lose one's sight

    • tener buena/mala vista — to have good/bad eyesight

    vista cansada — (por defecto) longsightedness; (por agotamiento) eyestrain

    vista de águila, vista de lince — eagle eye

    tener vista de águila o de lince — to have eagle eyes, to have eyes like a hawk o a lynx

    2) (=ojos)
    a) (=órgano) eyes [pl]

    una luz que hiere la vista — a dazzling light, a light that hurts one's eyes

    • torcer la vista — to squint

    b) (=mirada)

    ¡vista a la derecha! — (Mil) eyes right!

    • aguzar la vista — (para ver a lo lejos) to screw one's eyes up; (para descubrir algo) to look sharp

    • alzar la vista — to look up

    • apartar la vista — to look away

    • bajar la vista — to look down, lower one's gaze

    • buscar algo con la vista — to look around for sth

    • clavar la vista en algn/algo — to stare at sb/sth, fix one's eyes on sb/sth

    • dirigir la vista a algn/algo — to look towards sb/sth, turn one's gaze on sb/sth

    • echar una vista a algn/algo — to take a look at sb/sth

    • fijar la vista en algn/algo — to stare at sb/sth, fix one's eyes on sb/sth

    • medir a algn con la vista — to size sb up

    • pasar la vista por algo — to look over sth, glance quickly at sth

    • con la vista puesta en la pared — with his eyes fixed on the wall

    con la vista puesta en la futura legislación medioambiental, la compañía ha sacado un nuevo modelo — in the light of the forthcoming environmental legislation, the company has launched a new model

    •¡ quítate de mi vista! — get out of my sight!

    • recorrer algo con la vista — to run one's eye over sth

    • seguir algo con la vista — to follow sth with one's eyes

    • volver la vista — to look away

    saltar a la vista —

    una cosa que salta a la vista es... — one thing that immediately hits o strikes you is...

    salta a la vista que... — it's blindingly obvious that...

    3) (=perspicacia) foresight

    tuvieron vista para comprar las acciones — they showed foresight in buying the shares, it was shrewd of them to buy the shares

    4) (=panorama) view

    • con vistas a, con vistas a la montaña — with a view of the mountains

    una habitación con vistas al mar — a room with a sea view, a room overlooking the sea

    vista anterior, vista frontal — front view

    5) (Fot) (=imagen) view
    a)

    • a la vista — in sight o view

    no es muy agradable a la vista — it's not a pretty sight, it's not very pleasant to look at

    cuenta a la vista — (Econ) instant access account

    a la vista está (que...) — it's obvious (that...), you can see for yourself (that...)

    a la vista, no son pobres — from what you can tell, they're not poor

    • a la vista de todos — in full view (of everyone)

    a la vista de sus informes — in the light of o in view of his reports

    • poner algo a la vista — to put sth on view

    b)

    •a... años/días vista, pagadero a 30 días vista — payable within 30 days

    a un año vista de las elecciones — (=antes) a year before the elections

    a cinco años vista — (=después) five years from then

    c)

    • con vistas a — with a view to

    d)

    •de vista — by sight

    •en vista de — in view of

    en vista de que... — in view of the fact that...

    •¡ hasta la vista! — see you!, so long!

    • a primera vista — at first sight, on the face of it

    • a simple vista — (=sin ayuda de aparatos) to the naked eye; (=por la primera impresión) at first sight

    7) (=aspecto) appearance, looks [pl]

    de vista poco agradable — not very nice to look at, unprepossessing

    8) (Jur) hearing
    9) pl vistas ( Hist) meeting [sing], conference [sing]
    2.
    SMF (tb: vista de aduana) customs official
    * * *
    I
    masculino y femenino customs officer o official
    II
    1)
    a) ( sentido) sight, eyesight

    tener buena/mala vista — to have good/bad eyesight

    b) ( ojos) eyes
    c) ( perspicacia) vision
    2)
    a) ( mirada)

    alzar or levantar/bajar la vista — to look up/down

    torcer la vista — to be cross-eyed, to have a squint

    b) ( espectáculo) sight

    a la vista: tierra a la vista! land ho!; ponlo bien a la vista put it where it can be seen easily; estar/no estar a la vista to be within/out of sight; pagar al portador y a la vista pay the bearer at sight; cuenta corriente a la vista sight account; a la vista de todos in full view of everyone; ¿tienes algún proyecto a la vista? do you have any projects in view?; a primera or a simple vista at first sight o glance; se notaba a simple vista you could tell just by looking; con vistas a with a view to; de vista by sight; en vista: tener algo/a alguien en vista to have something/somebody in mind; en vista de in view of; en vista de que... in view of the fact that...; hasta la vista! see you!, so long! (colloq); a vista de pájaro: ver algo a vista de pájaro to get a bird's-eye view of something; a vista y paciencia de alguien (Chi, Per fam) in front of somebody; hacer la vista gorda to turn a blind eye; perder algo/a alguien de vista to lose sight of something/somebody; al terminar la carrera los perdí de vista I lost touch with them when we graduated; perderse de vista to disappear from view; saltar a la vista: lo primero que salta a la vista es el color que tiene the first thing that hits o strikes you is the color; salta a la vista que hicieron trampa it's obvious they cheated; tener la vista puesta en algo/alguien to have one's eye on something/somebody; tener vista de águila or lince to have eyes like a hawk; volver la vista atrás — to look back

    4) ( panorama) view
    5) (Der) hearing

    la vista del juicio se celebrará el... — the hearing will take place on...

    6) (Com, Fin)
    * * *
    I
    masculino y femenino customs officer o official
    II
    1)
    a) ( sentido) sight, eyesight

    tener buena/mala vista — to have good/bad eyesight

    b) ( ojos) eyes
    c) ( perspicacia) vision
    2)
    a) ( mirada)

    alzar or levantar/bajar la vista — to look up/down

    torcer la vista — to be cross-eyed, to have a squint

    b) ( espectáculo) sight

    a la vista: tierra a la vista! land ho!; ponlo bien a la vista put it where it can be seen easily; estar/no estar a la vista to be within/out of sight; pagar al portador y a la vista pay the bearer at sight; cuenta corriente a la vista sight account; a la vista de todos in full view of everyone; ¿tienes algún proyecto a la vista? do you have any projects in view?; a primera or a simple vista at first sight o glance; se notaba a simple vista you could tell just by looking; con vistas a with a view to; de vista by sight; en vista: tener algo/a alguien en vista to have something/somebody in mind; en vista de in view of; en vista de que... in view of the fact that...; hasta la vista! see you!, so long! (colloq); a vista de pájaro: ver algo a vista de pájaro to get a bird's-eye view of something; a vista y paciencia de alguien (Chi, Per fam) in front of somebody; hacer la vista gorda to turn a blind eye; perder algo/a alguien de vista to lose sight of something/somebody; al terminar la carrera los perdí de vista I lost touch with them when we graduated; perderse de vista to disappear from view; saltar a la vista: lo primero que salta a la vista es el color que tiene the first thing that hits o strikes you is the color; salta a la vista que hicieron trampa it's obvious they cheated; tener la vista puesta en algo/alguien to have one's eye on something/somebody; tener vista de águila or lince to have eyes like a hawk; volver la vista atrás — to look back

    4) ( panorama) view
    5) (Der) hearing

    la vista del juicio se celebrará el... — the hearing will take place on...

    6) (Com, Fin)
    * * *
    vista1
    1 = sight, eyesight.

    Ex: The seers -- the sybils and prophets -- of Michelangelo's Sistine Ceiling reveal imperfections of bodily sight (such as near- and far-sightedness), emphasizing their spiritual foresight.

    Ex: Often microform makes users aware of hitherto unnoticed eyesight defects.
    * a la vista = in sight, within sight.
    * a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.
    * algo desagradable a la vista = a blot on the landscape.
    * amor a primera vista = love at first sight.
    * a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * apartar la vista = look + the other way.
    * a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * a vista de pájaro = bird's eye view.
    * cansar la vista = cause + eyestrain.
    * con problemas de vista = vision impaired.
    * con vistas a = with an eye toward(s), overlook.
    * con vistas a (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).
    * con vistas a + Nombre = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * corto de vista = nearsighted [near-sighted].
    * desagradable a la vista = eyesore.
    * de vista aguda = sharp-eyed.
    * empeoramiento de la vista = failing eyesight.
    * en vista de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.
    * en vista de que = seeing that/as.
    * fuera de la vista = out of view.
    * hacer la vista gorda = look + the other way, turn + a blind eye to, pretend + not to have seen.
    * hasta donde alcanza la vista = as far as the eye can see.
    * levantar la vista = look up.
    * mala vista = poor eyesight.
    * no perder de vista = keep + an eye on, keep + a beady eye on, keep in + sight.
    * no volver la vista atrás = never + look back.
    * perder de vista = lose from + sight, drop from + sight, lose + sight of.
    * perder de vista el hecho de que = lose + sight of the fact that.
    * perder la vista = become + blind.
    * personas con problemas de vista, las = visually impaired, the, visually disabled, the, visually handicapped, the, visually impaired people (VIPs), visually challenged, the.
    * persona sin problemas de vista = sighted person.
    * plan de adquisición de material a vista = approval plan.
    * problemas con la vista = poor eyesight.
    * regalarse la vista con = feast + Posesivo + eyes on.
    * saltar a la vista = be patently clear.
    * sin perder de vista = with an eye on.
    * sin problemas de vista = sighted.
    * tener la vista cansada = need + reading glasses.
    * todo está a la vista = what you see is what you get.
    * torcer la vista = squint.
    * vista cansada = visual fatigue, eyestrain [eye strain], presbyopia.
    * vista fatigada = eyestrain [eye strain].
    * volver la vista atrás = look back.

    vista2
    * adoptar un punto de vista = embrace + view.
    * analizar desde un punto de vista crítico = cast + a critical eye over.
    * argumento que presenta sólo un punto de vista = one-sided argument.
    * argument que presenta los dos puntos de vista = two-sided argument.
    * ¡Barco a la vista! = Ship ahoy!.
    * comprender un punto de vista = take + point.
    * desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).
    * desde el punto de vista de la nutrición = in terms of, from the vantage of, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, mitotically, nutritionally speaking, nutritionally.
    * desde el punto de vista del trabajador = in the trenches.
    * desde el punto de vista de la archivística = archivally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.
    * desde el punto de vista de la competitividad = competitively.
    * desde el punto de vista de la conservación = preservationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la cultura = culturally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la estética = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA].
    * desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la informática = computationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la logística = logistically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la medicina = medically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la música = musically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la notación = notationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la realidad = factually.
    * desde el punto de vista de las matemáticas = mathematically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la tonalidad = tonally.
    * desde el punto de vista del contexto = contextually.
    * desde el punto de vista del estilo = stylistically.
    * desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento = operationally.
    * desde el punto de vista del + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.
    * desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.
    * desde el punto de vista del uso = in terms of use.
    * desde el punto de vista de + Nombre = in + Nombre + eyes.
    * desde el punto de vista judicial = judicially.
    * desde el punto de vista lingüístico = linguistically.
    * desde el punto de vista político = politically.
    * desde este punto de vista = viewed in this light.
    * desde mi punto de vista = in my opinion, in my view, in my books.
    * desde + punto de vista = against + backdrop.
    * desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.
    * desde un punto de vista académico = academically.
    * desde un punto de vista antropológico = anthropologically.
    * desde un punto de vista clínico = medically, clinically.
    * desde un punto de vista crítico = judgmentally [judgementally], with a critical eye, critically.
    * desde un punto de vista económico = economically, monetarily.
    * desde un punto de vista estrictamente técnico = technically speaking.
    * desde un punto de vista étnico = ethnically.
    * desde un punto de vista filosófico = philosophically.
    * desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.
    * desde un punto de vista histórico = historically.
    * desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.
    * desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.
    * desde un punto de vista médico = medically.
    * desde un punto de vista medioambiental = environmentally.
    * desde un punto de vista monetario = monetarily.
    * desde un punto de vista morfológico = morphologically.
    * desde un punto de vista operativo = operationally.
    * desde un punto de vista racista = racially + Adjetivo.
    * desde un punto de vista religioso = religiously.
    * desde un punto de vista socioeconómico = socioeconomically.
    * desde un punto de vista técnico = technically.
    * fiel desde el punto de vista de la historia = historically accurate.
    * manifestar un punto de vista = air + view.
    * neutral desde el punto de vista de la raza = race-neutral.
    * no concebirse desde ningún punto de vista = be impossible under any hypothesis.
    * promover un punto de vista = promote + view.
    * punto de vista = angle, point of view, side, stance, standpoint, view, viewpoint, outlook, eye, world view [worldview/world-view], bent of mind.
    * sostener un punto de vista = assert + view, hold + point of view.
    * tener en cuenta un punto de vista = contemplate + view.
    * tener en cuenta un punto de vista = take into + account + viewpoint.
    * ver Algo desde el punto de vista + Adjetivo = view + Nombre + through + Adjetivo + eyes.
    vista3
    3 = outlook, vista, sight, view.

    Ex: This provides the user with a pleasant outlook and gives natural light.

    Ex: From the library she could see miles and miles of unobstructed vistas of rich, coffee-brown, almost black soil, broken only by occasional small towns, farms, and grain elevators.
    Ex: There was something inexpressibly poignant about the sight of the once powerful Roger Balzac sitting quiescently like a victim in a noose across the desk from him.
    Ex: Just as long as she has a nice view from her kitchen window she doesn't care about the rest of the world.
    * contemplar una vista = contemplate + view.
    * ofrecer una vista = afford + a view.
    * sin vistas = viewless.
    * tener vistas a = overlook.
    * ¡Tierra a la vista! = Land ahoy!, Land ho!.
    * una vista digna de contemplar = a sight to behold.
    * una vista digna de ver = a sight to behold.
    * vista agradable = a sight for sore eyes.
    * vista a la sierra = mountain view.
    * vista a las montañas = mountain view.
    * vista al mar = sea view.
    * vista a ojo de pájaro = bird's eye view.
    * vista a ras de suelo = worm's eye view.
    * vista asombrosa = breathtaking view.
    * vista impresionante = breathtaking view.
    * vista panorámica = panorama, pan, sweeping view, grandstand view, panoramic view.
    * vista sobrecogedora = breathtaking view.

    vista4

    Ex: Both the newspapers and the unions want to cut their losses by concluding a deal in advance of a court hearing that is scheduled to decide on the original causes of the strike.

    * vista judicial = hearing, court hearing.
    * vista oral = oral hearing.

    vista5
    5 = view.
    Nota: En cartografía, representación plana con efecto de relieve en la que las líneas de fuga concurren en un punto de vista central correspondiente al ojo del observador.

    Ex: A view is a perspective representation of the landscape in which detail is shown as if projected on an oblique plane (e.g., a bird's eye view, panorama, panoramic drawing, worm's eye view).

    * * *
    customs officer o official
    A
    1 (sentido) sight, eyesight
    tengo buena vista I have good eyesight, my sight is good
    ser corto de vista to be shortsighted
    tener la vista cansada to have eyestrain
    la enfermedad le afectó la vista the illness affected his eyesight o his sight o his vision
    este paisaje tan bello es un regalo para la vista this beautiful scenery is a delight to behold
    perdió la vista en un accidente he lost his sight in an accident
    2 (ojos) eyes
    la luz me hace daño a la vista the light hurts my eyes
    lo han operado de la vista he's had an eye operation
    se le nubló la vista her eyes clouded over
    3 (perspicacia) vision
    tiene mucha vista para los negocios he's very shrewd o he has great vision when it comes to business
    B
    1
    (mirada): me contestó sin alzar or levantar la vista del libro she answered without looking up from the book o without raising her eyes from the book
    no me quitó la vista de encima she didn't take her eyes off me
    torcer la vista to be cross-eyed, to have a squint
    bajó la vista he looked down
    fijó la vista en el horizonte she fixed her eyes o her gaze on the horizon
    dirigió la vista hacia nosotros he looked toward(s) us
    se desmayó ante la vista del cadáver he fainted at the sight of the body
    C ( en locs):
    a la vista: ¡tierra a la vista! land ho!
    ponlo bien a la vista put it where it can be seen easily
    escóndelo, que no esté a la vista hide it somewhere out of sight
    pagar al portador y a la vista pay the bearer at sight
    no lo hagas aquí a la vista de todos don't do it here where everyone can see o in full view of everyone
    [ S ] fabricación a la vista del público workshop ( o factory etc) open for public viewing
    [ S ] café molido a la vista ( RPl); coffee ground while you wait
    ¿tienes algún proyecto a la vista? do you have any projects in view?
    a primera vista at first sight o glance
    a primera vista no parecía grave at first sight o glance it didn't look serious
    se notaba a simple vista que estaba enfermo you could tell he was ill just by looking at him
    con vistas a with a view to
    un acuerdo con vistas a las próximas elecciones a pact for the forthcoming elections
    con vistas a que nos lo financien with a view to their o them providing finance
    de vista by sight
    los conozco sólo de vista I only know them by sight
    en vista: ¿tienen a alguien en vista para el puesto? do you have anybody in mind for the job?
    estamos buscando casa — ¿ya tienen algo en vista? we're househunting — have you seen anything interesting yet?
    en vista de in view of
    en vista de que no podía ganar in view of the fact that she couldn't win
    en vista de que no llegaban, nos fuimos since they hadn't arrived, we left
    en vista del éxito obtenido, mejor me callo la boca ( iró hum); considering the success of my last comment ( o joke etc), I think I'd better keep my mouth shut ( iro hum)
    ¡hasta la vista! see you!, so long! ( colloq), until we meet again ( frml)
    a vista de pájaro: desde la torre vemos la ciudad a vista de pájaro from the tower we get a bird's-eye view of the city
    a vista y paciencia de algn (Chi, Per fam); in front of sb
    hace tiempo que no le echo la vista encima I haven't seen him for some time
    estar con or tener la vista puesta en algo/algn to have one's eye on sth/sb
    tiene la vista puesta en una chica de la oficina he's got his eye on a girl in the office
    hacer la vista gorda or ( Méx) de la vista gorda ( fam); to turn a blind eye, to pretend not to see
    perder algo/a algn de vista to lose sight of sth/sb
    vigílalo bien, no lo pierdas de vista keep a close eye on him, don't let him out of your sight
    no debemos perder de vista nuestro objetivo primario we must not lose sight of our main objective
    no pierdas de vista (el hecho de) que es un actor desconocido don't lose sight of o don't overlook the fact that he is an unknown actor
    ¡tengo unas ganas de perderlos de vista …! ( fam); I'll be glad to see the back of them! ( colloq)
    cuando terminamos la carrera los perdí de vista I lost touch with them when we graduated
    perderse de vista to disappear from view
    saltar a la vista: lo primero que salta a la vista es el color que tiene the first thing that hits o strikes you is the color
    ¿cómo no te diste cuenta? si saltaba a la vista I can't see how you failed to notice, it stood out a mile o it was so obvious
    salta a la vista que hicieron trampa it's obvious they cheated
    tener vista de águila or lince to have eyes like a hawk
    no vuelvas la vista atrás y piensa en el futuro don't look back, think of the future
    D
    1 (panorama) view
    una vista preciosa de la bahía a beautiful view of the bay
    la habitación tiene vista al mar the room overlooks the sea o has a sea view o looks out over the sea
    vista aérea aerial view
    2 (imagen) view
    3 ( fam)
    (aspecto): el plato tenía muy buena vista the dish looked delicious
    unos muebles de mucha vista some very attractive furniture
    E ( Der) hearing
    la vista del juicio se celebrará el día 27 the hearing will take place on the 27th
    Compuesto:
    hearing
    F ( Com, Fin):
    a 20 días vista within 20 days
    G vistas fpl (en costura) facings (pl)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo vestir: ( conjugate vestir)

    vista es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    vestir    
    vista
    vestir ( conjugate vestir) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹niño/muñeca› to dress



    2 (liter o period) ( llevar puesto) to wear
    verbo intransitivo
    1 [ persona] to dress;

    vista de algo ‹de uniforme/azul›) to wear sth;
    vista de etiqueta to wear formal dress
    2 ( ser elegante):

    de vista ‹traje/zapatos› smart
    vestirse verbo pronominal ( refl)

    ◊ date prisa, vístete hurry up, get dressed



    se viste a la última moda she wears the latest styles;
    siempre se viste de verde she always wears green
    c) ( disfrazarse) vistase de algo to dress up as sth

    vista sustantivo femenino
    1


    ser corto de vista to be near-sighted;
    perdió la vista he lost his sight;
    vista cansada eyestrain
    b) ( ojos) eyes;


    lo operaron de la vista he had an eye operation
    2 ( mirada):
    ◊ alzar/bajar la vista to look up/down

    3 ( en locs)

    estar/no estar a la vista to be within/out of sight;
    a la vista de todos in full view of everyone;
    ¿tienes algún proyecto a la vista? do you have any projects in view?;
    a primera or a simple vista at first sight o glance;
    con vistas a with a view to;
    en vista de in view of;
    en vista de que … in view of the fact that …;
    ¡hasta la vista! see you!, so long! (colloq);
    perder algo/a algn de vista to lose sight of sth/sb;
    perderse de vista to disappear from view
    4 ( panorama) view;

    vista aérea aerial view
    5 (Der) hearing
    vestir
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (poner la ropa a alguien) to dress
    frml to clothe
    2 (llevar puesto) to wear: vestía un traje gris, he was wearing a grey suit
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (llevar) to dress
    viste de rojo, she's wearing red
    vestir bien, to dress well
    (ser apropiado, elegante) to look smart
    visto,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (considerado socialmente) estar bien visto, to be considered correct o acceptable
    estar mal visto, to be frowned upon/on
    2 (común, poco original) estar muy visto, not to be very original: ese reloj está muy visto, everybody is wearing watches like that
    3 fam (obvio) estar visto, to be obvious o clear
    4 (al parecer) por lo visto, apparently
    5 Jur visto para sentencia, ready for judgement
    II sustantivo masculino visto bueno, approval
    vista sustantivo femenino
    1 (sentido, visión) sight: le conozco de vista, I know him by sight
    ese edificio nos tapa la vista del río, the river is hidden from view by that building
    tienes buena vista, you have good eyesight
    corto de vista, shortsighted, US nearsighted
    (los ojos) me hace daño a la vista, it hurts my eyes
    2 (perspectiva, panorama) view
    con vistas a la calle, overlooking the street
    3 Jur hearing, trial
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar hacer la vista gorda, to turn a blind eye
    perder de vista, to lose sight of: el tren se perdió de vista, the train disappeared from view
    familiar ¡piérdete de mi vista!, get out of here!, get lost!
    (recordar) volver/echar la vista atrás, to look back
    a la vista, (dentro del campo visual) visible, within sight
    (previsto) tienen un viaje a la vista, they have a trip in mind
    a primera vista/a simple vista, (a la primera, directamente) at first sight o glance: amor a primera vista, love at first sight
    detectó el error a simple vista, he found the mistake straight away
    (con solo mirar) esa estrella no es visible a simple vista, that star isn't visible with the naked eye
    (en principio, al parecer) on the face of it
    con vistas a, with a view to
    en vista de, in view of, considering
    ' vista' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abarcar
    - aguda
    - agudo
    - alcance
    - ante
    - apartar
    - cantar
    - converger
    - corta
    - corto
    - dominar
    - esforzar
    - fijar
    - fina
    - fino
    - golpe
    - graduar
    - graduarse
    - herir
    - lince
    - novedosa
    - novedoso
    - nublarse
    - punto
    - recorrer
    - respetable
    - saltar
    - sesgar
    - versión
    - visión
    - volver
    - aéreo
    - agradable
    - alcanzar
    - amor
    - ángulo
    - cansar
    - chiribita
    - clavado
    - clavar
    - conocer
    - descansar
    - devolver
    - engañar
    - forzar
    - levantar
    - mirada
    - mirar
    - nublar
    - ojo
    English:
    acute
    - angle
    - aspect
    - avert
    - away
    - bird's-eye view
    - blind
    - blot out
    - clear
    - contention
    - delightful
    - dim
    - eagle-eyed
    - eye
    - eye-level
    - eyesight
    - eyestrain
    - face
    - glance
    - glorious
    - gorgeous
    - hearing
    - hide
    - in
    - jump out
    - look up
    - naked
    - note
    - obstruct
    - open out
    - oscillate
    - outlook
    - overlook
    - perspective
    - point
    - respect
    - scene
    - see
    - seeing
    - sense
    - sharp
    - sight
    - sight-reading
    - slant
    - splendid
    - standpoint
    - stare
    - strain
    - strained
    - surface
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    ver visto
    ♦ nf
    1. [sentido] (sense of) sight;
    [visión] eyesight; [ojos] eyes;
    tiene buena/mala vista, está bien/mal de la vista she has good/poor eyesight;
    la luz me hace daño a la vista the light hurts my eyes;
    se me nubló la vista my eyes clouded over;
    perder la vista to lose one's sight, to go blind;
    de vista: conocer a alguien de vista to know sb by sight;
    ¡hasta la vista! see you!;
    a vista de pájaro: Cartagena a vista de pájaro a bird's-eye view of Cartagena;
    hacer la vista gorda to turn a blind eye;
    no perder de vista algo/a alguien [vigilar] not to let sth/sb out of one's sight;
    [tener en cuenta] not to lose sight of sth/sb, not to forget about sth/sb;
    perder de vista algo/a alguien [dejar de ver] to lose sight of sth/sb;
    perder de vista a alguien [perder contacto] to lose touch with sb;
    perderse de vista [en la distancia] to disappear (from sight);
    salta a la vista [es evidente] it's blindingly o patently obvious;
    salta a la vista que es novato he is very obviously a beginner;
    salta a la vista su juventud [sorprende] one thing that strikes you is how young she is;
    tener una vista de águila o [m5] de lince to have an eagle eye
    vista cansada [por la edad] long-sightedness; [por el esfuerzo] eyestrain
    2. [mirada] gaze;
    dirigió la vista hacia la pantalla she turned her eyes o gaze to the screen;
    alzar/apartar/bajar la vista to look up/away/down;
    fijar la vista en to fix one's eyes on, to stare at;
    a primera o [m5] simple vista [aparentemente] at first sight, on the face of it;
    3. [observación] watching
    4. [panorama] view;
    una habitación con vistas a room with a view;
    con vistas al mar with a sea view
    vista aérea aerial view;
    vista panorámica panoramic view
    5. [perspicacia, discreción]
    tiene vista para las antigüedades she has a good eye for antiques;
    hay que tener más vista al decir las cosas you have to be more careful what you say
    6. Der hearing
    vista oral oral proceedings
    7. Com & Fin
    a la vista at sight;
    a pagar a 30 días vista payable within 30 days
    8. [plazo]
    a dos meses vista de las elecciones [antes] two months before the elections;
    [después] two months after the elections
    ♦ nm
    [empleado de aduanas] customs officer [responsible for checking baggage]
    ♦ a la vista loc adj
    1. [visible] visible;
    está a la vista [muy cerca] it's staring you in the face;
    ¡barco/tierra a la vista! ship/land ahoy!;
    no dejen objetos de valor a la vista dentro del autocar do not leave valuables lying around where they can be seen inside the coach
    2. [en perspectiva]
    no tengo planes a la vista I have no immediate plans;
    tenemos varios proyectos a la vista there are a number of possible projects on the horizon
    ♦ a la vista de loc prep
    1. [delante de] in full view of;
    ocurrió a la vista de todos it happened in full view of everybody;
    está a la vista de todos it's there for everybody to see
    2. [en vista de] in view of;
    a la vista de los resultados financieros… in view of the financial results…
    ♦ con vistas a loc prep
    [con la intención de] with a view to;
    se reunirán con vistas a negociar un nuevo convenio con la patronal they will meet with a view to negotiating a new agreeement with the employers;
    el ahorro con vistas al futuro saving for the future
    ♦ en vista de loc prep
    in view of, considering;
    en vista de lo ocurrido… considering what has happened…;
    en vista de que since, seeing as
    * * *
    I f
    1 (eye)sight;
    vista cansada MED tired eyes;
    tener buena/mala vista have good/bad eyesight;
    hacer la vista gorda fig fam turn a blind eye;
    tener vista para algo fig have a good eye for sth
    2 JUR hearing
    3
    :
    a la vista COM at sight, on demand
    :
    la ciudad a vista de pajaro a bird’s eye view of the city, the city seen from above;
    vista aérea FOT aerial view
    :
    con vistas a with a view to;
    en vista de in view of
    6
    :
    a simple vista with the naked eye;
    a primera vista at first sight;
    de vista by sight;
    estar a la vista be in sight;
    perder de vista lose sight of;
    no perder de vista niño etc not take one’s eyes off;
    a la vista de todos in full view of everyone;
    poner la vista en alguien/algo look at s.o./sth; tener intención de conseguir algo set one’s sights on s.o./sth;
    hasta la vista bye!, see you!
    II m/f
    :
    vista (de aduanas) customs official o officer
    * * *
    vista nf
    1) visión: vision, eyesight
    2) mirada: look, gaze, glance
    3) panorama: view, vista, panorama
    4) : hearing (in court)
    5)
    a primera vista : at first sight
    6)
    en vista de : in view of
    7)
    hacer la vista gorda : to turn a blind eye
    8)
    ¡hasta la vista! : so long!, see you!
    9)
    perder de vista : to lose sight of
    punto de vista : point of view
    * * *
    1. (visión) sight / eyesight
    2. (panorama) view
    a simple vista at first sight / at first glance

    Spanish-English dictionary > vista

  • 4 AF

    of
    * * *
    prep. w. dat.
    I. Of place:
    1) off, from;
    G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;
    ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;
    Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;
    Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;
    hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;
    Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;
    tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;
    bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;
    hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;
    vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;
    muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;
    rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;
    vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;
    lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;
    vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;
    2) out of;
    verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;
    gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;
    Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.
    Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.
    II. Of time; past, beyond:
    af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;
    ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;
    þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;
    var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.
    III. In various other relations:
    1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;
    hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;
    vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;
    féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;
    þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;
    þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;
    ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;
    2) off, of;
    höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;
    vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;
    þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;
    absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;
    fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;
    3) of, among;
    hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;
    4) with;
    hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;
    fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;
    5) of (= ór which is more frequent);
    húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;
    6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;
    hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;
    7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;
    ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;
    kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;
    8) by, of (after passive);
    ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;
    ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;
    9) on account of, by reason of, by;
    úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;
    ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;
    af ástæld hans, by his popularity;
    af því, therefore;
    af hví, wherefor why;
    af því at, because;
    10) by means of, by;
    framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;
    af sínu fé, by one’s own means;
    absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;
    11) with adjectives, in regard to;
    mildr af fé, liberal of money;
    góðr af griðum, merciful;
    12) used absol. with a verb, off away;
    hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;
    ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;
    sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.
    * * *
    prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.
    A. Loc.
    I. With motion, off, from:
    1. prop. corresp. to á,
    α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.
    β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.
    γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.
    δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.
    ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.
    ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).
    2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).
    II. WITHOUT MOTION:
    1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.
    2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.
    β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.
    γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.
    3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.
    β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.
    4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.
    B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:
    1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.
    2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.
    3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.
    C. In various other relations:
    I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.
    1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.
    2. where an object is taken by force:
    α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.
    β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.
    γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.
    3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.
    β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.
    II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.
    β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.
    γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.
    2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.
    β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.
    γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.
    δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.
    3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.
    III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.
    2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.
    IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:
    1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.
    β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.
    2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.
    β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.
    V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:
    1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.
    2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.
    VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:
    1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.
    β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.
    2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.
    β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.
    3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.
    4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.
    5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.
    VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:
    1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.
    β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.
    2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.
    VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.
    IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.
    β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;
    γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.
    δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.
    X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.
    2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.
    XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).
    D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:
    I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.
    II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AF

  • 5 laurus

    laurus, i ( gen. laurūs, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 132; 14, 16, 19, § 112; Col. 6, 7, 3 codd.; abl. lauru, Hor. C. 2, 7, 19;

    but lauro,

    id. ib. 3, 30, 16; nom. plur. laurus, Verg. A. 3, 91; acc. plur. laurus, id. E. 6, 83 al.; Tib. 2, 5, 63; gen. plur. lauruum, acc. to Charis. p. 110 P.), f. [cf. Germ. lor- in Lorbeere], a bay-tree, laurel-tree, laurel, sacred to Apollo; cf.:

    aliquid cedo Qui vicini hanc nostram augeam aram Apollinis. Da sane hanc virgam lauri,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 1, 11;

    it grew in greatest beauty on Parnassus, and hence is called Parnasia laurus,

    Verg. G. 2, 18;

    its branches were the decoration of poets,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 9;

    of the flamens,

    Liv. 23, 11; Ov. F. 3, 137. In festivals, the ancestral images were decorated with laurel, Cic. Mur. 41. The leaves, when eaten, were said to impart the power of prophesying, Tib. 2, 5, 63; Juv. 7, 19. Victorious generals, in triumphal processions, wore laurel crowns on their heads and carried laurel branches in their hands, while their lictors bore fasces bound with laurel, Cic. Att. 7, 10; Ov. M. 1, 560. Before the gate of the imperial palace stood two laurel-trees, with oaken crowns, in honor of the emperor, as the vanquisher of foes and the people's preserver:

    janitrix Caesarum et pontificum,

    Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127 sqq.; Tert. Apol. 35. A wet branch of laurel was used in lustrations, to sprinkle the objects to be purified:

    cuperent lustrari... si foret umida laurus,

    Juv. 2, 158; cf. Dict. Antiq. s. v. lustratio.—
    II.
    Meton. for laurea, a laurel crown, as the sign of a triumph; hence for triumph, victory:

    incurrit haec nostra laurus non solum in oculos, sed, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:

    Parthica,

    Plin. Pan. 14:

    Indica,

    Stat. S. 4, 1, 4:

    Sarmatica,

    Mart. 7, 6, 10:

    ornari lauro secunda,

    Juv. 8, 253.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > laurus

  • 6 κέρας

    κέρᾰς, τό, [dialect] Ep. gen. Κέρᾰος, [dialect] Att. [var] contr. κέρως; [dialect] Ep. dat. κέρᾰϊ (elided) or κέραι or
    A

    κέρᾳ Il.11.385

    , cf. Hdn.Gr.2.75, κέρᾳ also in Th. 2.90, 7.6: nom. pl. κέρᾱ (v. infr.), gen. κεράων, κερῶν, dat. κέρασι, [dialect] Ep. κεράεσσι:—[dialect] Att. Inscrr. have dual [

    κέρ]ατε IG12.301.109

    : pl. κέρατα ib.237.59; later [dialect] Ep. κεράατα ([pron. full] ?κέραςX ¯ ?κέραςX?κέραςX) Nic.Th. 291, κεράατος ([pron. full] ?κέραςX ¯ ?κέραςX?κέραςX) Arat.174, Q.S.6.225:—Hdt.has gen.

    κέρεος 6.111

    , dat.

    κέρεϊ 9.102

    : pl.

    κέρεα 2.38

    , κερέων ib. 132; but Hp. has gen. sg. κέρως, pl. κέρατα, Aër.18. [In nom. and acc. κέρας, ᾰ always: in the obl. cases [pron. full] ᾰ in [dialect] Ep., as

    κέρᾰσιν Od.3.384

     (in [var] contr. dat. κέρᾱ, nom. pl. κέρᾱ (cf. Batr.165), a is shortd. before a vowel, Il.11.385, Od.19.211); but [pron. full] ᾱ in Trag.and Com.,

    κέρᾱτος Hermipp.43

    ,

    κέρᾱτα E.Ba. 921

    , κεράτων [ᾱ] prob. in S.Tr. 519 (lyr.),

    κέρᾱσι A.Fr. 185

    . In later [dialect] Ep. the quantity varies.] ( κέρας is prob. related to κάρα; cf. κεραός.)
    I the horn of an animal, in Hom. mostly of oxen, Il.17.521, etc.;

    ταῦροι.. εἰς κέρας θυμούμενοι E.Ba. 743

    ; ὀφθαλμοὶ δ' ὡς εἰ κέρα ἕστασαν his eyes stood fixed and stiff like horns, Od.19.211; as a symbol of strength, LXX Ps.17(18).3, Diogenian.7.89, cf. Arist.PA 662a1; of elephants' tusks, Aret.SD2.13, Opp.C.2.494.
    2 antennae of crustaceans, Arist.HA 526a31, 590b27; of the silkworm's grub, ib. 551b10.
    II horn, as a material,

    αἱ μὲν γὰρ [πύλαι] κεράεσσι τετεύχαται Od.19.563

    ; the horn of animals' hoofs, Longus 2.28.
    1 bow,

    τόξον ἐνώμα.. πειρώμενος.. μὴ κέρα ἶπες ἔδοιεν Od. 21.395

    , cf. Theoc.25.206, Call.Epigr.38, AP6.75 (Paul.Sil.); for Il.11.385 v. infr. v.l.
    2 of musical instruments, horn for blowing,

    σημῆναι τῷ κέρατι X.An.2.2.4

    , cf. Arist.Aud. 802a17; also, the Phrygian flute, because it was tipped with horn (cf. Poll.4.74),

    αὐλεῖν τῷ κ. Luc.DDeor.12.1

    ;

    καὶ κέρατι μὲν αὐλεῖν Τυρρηνοὶ νομίζουσι Poll.4.76

    , cf. Ath.4.184a.
    3 drinking-horn,

    ἐκ τοῦ κέρατος αὖ μοι δὸς πιεῖν Hermipp.43

    , cf. X.An.7.2.23, OGI214.43 (Didyma, iii B.C.);

    ἐξ ἀργυρέων κ. πίνειν Pi.Fr. 166

    , cf. IG12.280.77;

    ἀργυρηλάτοις κέρασι χρυσᾶ στόμια προσβεβλημένοις A.Fr. 185

    ;

    ἐκπιόντι χρύσεον κ. S.Fr. 483

    ; for measuring liquids, Gal.13.435.
    4 Ἀμαλθείας κ. cornucopiae, v. Ἀμάλθεια.
    IV βοὸς κ. prob. a horn guard or cover attached to a fishing-line, Il.24.81, cf. Sch.;

    ἐς πόντον προΐησι βοὸς κέρας Od.12.253

    ;

    ψάμμῳ κ. αἰὲν ἐρείδων AP6.230

     (Maec.), cf. Aristarch. ap. Apollon.Lex.s.v. κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ, Arist. ap. Plu.2.977a (also expld. as a fishing-line of ox-hair (cf. infr.v.l), ap.Plu.2.976f, cf. Poll.2.31; perh. an artificial bait).
    2 clyster-pipe, Orib.8.32 7.
    3 in pl., horn points with which the writing-reed was tipped, AP6.227 (Crin.).
    V of objects shaped like horns,
    1 a mode of dressing the hair,

    κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ Il.11.385

     (unless the meaning be bow), cf. Aristarch. ad loc., Herodorus and Apionap. Eust. ad loc.: hence κέρας is expld. as = θρίξ or κόμη, Apollon.Lex., Hdn.Gr. ap. Eust.l.c., Poll.2.31, Hsch.; cf. iv. l, and v. κεροπλάστης.
    2 arm or branch of a river,

    Ὠκεανοῖο κ. Hes. Th. 789

    ;

    Νείλου Pi.Fr. 201

    ;

    τὸ Μενδήσιον κέρας Th.1.110

    ;

    ἐν Ἰνδοῖς ἐν τῷ Κέρατι καλουμένῳ Arist.Mir. 835b5

    , cf. Mu. 393b5; τὸ κ. τὸ Βυζαντίων the 'Golden Horn', Str.7.6.2, cf. Plb.4.43.7, Sch.A.R.4.282; Ἑσπέρου K., name of a bay, Hanno Peripl.14, cf. Philostr.VS1.21.2.
    3 wing of an army, Hdt.9.26, etc.; or fleet, Id.6.8, Th.2.90, etc.; κ. δεξιόν, λαιόν, A.Pers. 399, E.Supp. 704;

    τὸ εὐώνυμον κ. ἀναπτύσσειν X.An.1.10.9

    .
    b κατὰ κέρας προσβάλλειν, ἐπιπεσεῖν, to attack in flank, Th.3.78, X.HG6.5.16, etc.; κατὰ κ. προσιέναι, ἕπεσθαι, Id.Cyr.7.1.8 and 28;

    κατὰ κ. συμπεσών Plb.1.40.14

    ;

    πρὸς κ. μάχεσθαι X.Cyr.7.1.22

    .
    c ἐπὶ κέρας ἀνάγειν τὰς νέας to lead a fleet in column, Hdt.6.12, cf.14;

    κατὰ μίαν ἐπὶ κέρως παραπλεῖν Th.2.90

    , cf. 6.32, X.Cyr.6.3.34, Eub.67.4; of armies, κατὰ κέρας, opp. ἐπὶ φάλαγγος, X.Cyr.1.6.43, cf. An.4.6.6, HG7.4.23;

    εἰς κ. Id.Eq.Mag.4.3

    ;

    ἐκ κέρατος εἰς φάλαγγα καταστῆσαι Id.Cyr.8.5.15

    ; οὐκ ἐλᾶτε πρὸς τὸ δεξιὸν κ.; Ar.Eq. 243.
    4 corps of 8192 men, = διφαλαγγαρχία, Ascl.Tact.2.6, Arr.Tact.10.7.
    b = μεραρχία, Ascl.Tact.2.10.
    c contingent of thirty-two chariots, ib. 8, Ael.Tact.22.2.
    5 sailyard, = κεραία, AP5.203 (Mel.), OGI674.30 (Egypt, i A.D.), Luc.Am.6, POxy.2136.6 (iii A.D.).
    6 mountainpeak, v.l. in h.Hom.1.8; spur,

    τὸ κ. τοῦ ὄρους X.An.5.6.7

    , cf.Lyc. 534: in pl., extremities of the earth,

    γῆς Philostr.VA2.18

     (pl.).
    7 in Anatomy, extremities of the uterus, Hp.Superf.1, Gal.7.266; of the diaphragm, Sor.1.57.
    b ἁπαλὸν κ., = πόσθη, Archil.171, cf.Neophro (?) in PLit.Lond.77 Fr.2.19, E.Fr. 278, AP12.95.6 (Mel.).
    8 of the πήχεις of the lyre,

    χρυσόδετον κ. S.Fr. 244

     (lyr.) (rather than the bridge, because made of horn, Ael.Dion.Fr. 133, Poll.4.62).
    VI κέρατα ποιεῖν τινι to give him horns, cuckold him, prov. in Artem.2.11; cf.

    κερασφόρος 11

    .
    VII = κερατίνης, Luc.DMort.1.2.
    VIII = σταφυλῖνος ἄγριος, Dsc.3.52; = οἰνάνθη, dub. in Ps.-Dsc.3.120.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κέρας

  • 7 λίμνη

    A pool of standing water left by the sea or a river, Il.21.317: hence, marshy lake, mere, distd. from ἕλος, Pl. Criti. 114e, Lg. 824c;

    Βοιβηΐς λ. Il.2.711

    ; Γυγαίη ib. 865;

    Κηφισίς 5.709

    ;

    λ. Γοργῶπις A.Ag. 302

    ;

    Μαιῶτις Id.Pr. 419

     (lyr.), cf. 729, Pers. 871 (lyr.), Hdt.4.86;

    ἡ Βόλβη λ. Th.4.103

    ; λ. τροχοειδής, at Delos, Hdt.2.170, cf. A.Eu.9.
    b also, artificial pool or basin, Hdt.1.185, 191, al., SIG799 ii 3 (Cyzic., i A.D.).
    2 in Hom. and other Poets, the sea, Il.24.79, Od.3.1;

    βένθεσι λίμνης Il.13.21

    , 32: so in Trag. in lyr.,

    λίμνᾳ πορφυροειδεῖ A.Supp. 529

    ;

    ἐπ' οἶδμα λίμνας S. Fr. 476

    , E.Hec. 446;

    Πόσειδον, ὃς γλαυκᾶς μέδεις.. λίμνας S.Fr. 371

    ; Μηλίδα πὰρ λ. by the Malian bay, Id.Tr. 636.
    II Λίμναι, αἱ, (used without the article), a quarter of Athens (once prob. marshy), near the Acropolis, in which stood the Lenaeum, Ar.Ra. 216, Th.2.15, Is.8.35, etc., cf.

    λιμναῖος 11

    .
    2 a quarter or suburb of Sparta, Str.8.5.1.
    3 a place in Messenia, Id.8.4.9.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λίμνη

  • 8 Bateman, John Frederick La Trobe

    [br]
    b. 30 May 1810 Lower Wyke, near Halifax, Yorkshire, England
    d. 10 June 1889 Moor Park, Farnham, Surrey, England
    [br]
    English civil engineer whose principal works were concerned with reservoirs, water-supply schemes and pipelines.
    [br]
    Bateman's maternal grandfather was a Moravian missionary, and from the age of 7 he was educated at the Moravian schools at Fairfield and Ockbrook. At the age of 15 he was apprenticed to a "civil engineer, land surveyor and agent" in Oldham. After this apprenticeship, Bateman commenced his own practice in 1833. One of his early schemes and reports was in regard to the flooding of the river Medlock in the Manchester area. He came to the attention of William Fairbairn, the engine builder and millwright of Canal Street, Ancoats, Manchester. Fairbairn used Bateman as his site surveyor and as such he prepared much of the groundwork for the Bann reservoirs in Northern Ireland. Whilst the reports on the proposals were in the name of Fairbairn, Bateman was, in fact, appointed by the company as their engineer for the execution of the works. One scheme of Bateman's which was carried forward was the Kendal Reservoirs. The Act for these was signed in 1845 and was implemented not for the purpose of water supply but for the conservation of water to supply power to the many mills which stood on the river Kent between Kentmere and Morecambe Bay. The Kentmere Head dam is the only one of the five proposed for the scheme to survive, although not all the others were built as they would have retained only small volumes of water.
    Perhaps the greatest monument to the work of J.F.La Trobe Bateman is Manchester's water supply; he was consulted about this in 1844, and construction began four years later. He first built reservoirs in the Longdendale valley, which has a very complicated geological stratification. Bateman favoured earth embankment dams and gravity feed rather than pumping; the five reservoirs in the valley that impound the river Etherow were complex, cored earth dams. However, when completed they were greatly at risk from landslips and ground movement. Later dams were inserted by Bateman to prevent water loss should the older dams fail. The scheme was not completed until 1877, by which time Manchester's population had exceeded the capacity of the original scheme; Thirlmere in Cumbria was chosen by Manchester Corporation as the site of the first of the Lake District water-supply schemes. Bateman, as Consulting Engineer, designed the great stone-faced dam at the west end of the lake, the "gothic" straining well in the middle of the east shore of the lake, and the 100-mile (160 km) pipeline to Manchester. The Act for the Thirlmere reservoir was signed in 1879 and, whilst Bateman continued as Consulting Engineer, the work was supervised by G.H. Hill and was completed in 1894.
    Bateman was also consulted by the authorities in Glasgow, with the result that he constructed an impressive water-supply scheme derived from Loch Katrine during the years 1856–60. It was claimed that the scheme bore comparison with "the most extensive aqueducts in the world, not excluding those of ancient Rome". Bateman went on to superintend the waterworks of many cities, mainly in the north of England but also in Dublin and Belfast. In 1865 he published a pamphlet, On the Supply of Water to London from the Sources of the River Severn, based on a survey funded from his own pocket; a Royal Commission examined various schemes but favoured Bateman's.
    Bateman was also responsible for harbour and dock works, notably on the rivers Clyde and Shannon, and also for a number of important water-supply works on the Continent of Europe and beyond. Dams and the associated reservoirs were the principal work of J.F.La Trobe Bateman; he completed forty-three such schemes during his professional career. He also prepared many studies of water-supply schemes, and appeared as professional witness before the appropriate Parliamentary Committees.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1860. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1878, 1879.
    Bibliography
    Among his publications History and Description of the Manchester Waterworks, (1884, London), and The Present State of Our Knowledge on the Supply of Water to Towns, (1855, London: British Association for the Advancement of Science) are notable.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1889, Proceedings of the Royal Society 46:xlii-xlviii. G.M.Binnie, 1981, Early Victorian Water Engineers, London.
    P.N.Wilson, 1973, "Kendal reservoirs", Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society 73.
    KM / LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Bateman, John Frederick La Trobe

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