steps

* * *

grădus, ūs (archaic gen. sing. graduis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 17; dat. gradu, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. remeligines, p. 276 Müll.), m. [kindr. with Sanscr. kram, to go; v. gradior], a step, pace (cf.: gressus, passus, incessus).

Lit.:

ad hanc conversionem, quae pedibus et gradu non egeret, ingrediendi membra non dedit,

Cic. Univ. 6: quaenam vox ex te resonans meo gradu remoram facit? Lucil. l. l.: gradum proferre pedum, Enn. ap. Fest. S. V. PEDUM, p. 249, a Müll. (Trag. v. 248 Vahl.): quo nunc incerta re atque inorata gradum Regredere conare? id. ap. Non. 166, 23 (Trag. v. 12 Vahl.):

gradum facere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249:

tollere gradum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 6:

ad forum suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 27:

quieto et placido gradu sequi,

Phaedr. 2, 7, 6; cf.

, on the contrary: celeri gradu Eunt uterque,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 22:

ut tu es gradibus grandibus,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 11:

citato gradu in hostem ducere,

Liv. 28, 14, 17:

concito gradu properare,

Phaedr. 3, 2, 11:

gradum celerare,

to hasten, Verg. A. 4, 641: so,

corripere,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 33:

addere,

Liv. 26, 9, 5:

sistere,

Verg. A. 6, 465:

sustinere,

Ov. F. 6, 398:

revocare,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

referre,

Ov. F. 5, 502:

vertere,

Stat. Th. 8, 138 et saep.:

peditum aciem instructam pleno gradu in hostem inducit,

at full pace, at a quick step, Liv. 4, 32, 10; 34, 15, 3; 34, 16, 2; cf.: militari gradu viginti milia passuum horis quinque dumtaxat aestivis conficienda sunt;

pleno autem gradu, qui citatior est, totidem horis XXIV. milia peragenda sunt,

Veg. 1, 9:

modico gradu,

Liv. 30, 5, 3: presso gradu, = badên, with measured step, a moderate pace, id. 28, 14, 14:

citato gradu,

id. 28, 14, 17; Trebon. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 2: non gradu, sed praecipiti cursu a virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum, step by step, = gradatim, Vell. 2, 1, 1:

per gradus,

Ov. M. 2, 354.—

Trop., a step, stage, degree:

quem mortis timuit gradum,

pace, approach, Hor. C. 1, 3, 17:

hunc quasi gradum quendam atque aditum ad cetera factum intelligitis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 38; cf.:

itaque majoribus nostris in Africam ex hac provincia gradus imperii factus est,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8; so,

Crassus Licinius nec consul nec praetor ante fuerat, quam censor est factus: ex aedilitate gradum censuram fecit,

Liv. 27, 6, 17; 6, 35, 2 Drak.:

hunc gradum mei reditus esse, quod mulieres revertissent,

a step towards my return, Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2; cf. Liv. 6, 42, 2:

notitiam primosque gradus vicinia fecit: Tempore crevit amor,

Ov. M. 4, 59; cf. Prop. 1, 13, 8:

cum consuleretur, quid sentiret, Non possum, inquit, tibi dicere: nescio enim quid de gradu faciat: tamquam de essedario interrogaretur,

i. e. of the Peripatetics, Sen. Ep. 29:

etsi spondeus, quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior, habet tamen stabilem quendam et non expertem dignitatis gradum,

pace, Cic. Or. 64, 216.

Transf.

In milit. and gladiator's lang., station, position, ground taken by a combatant:

obnisos vos (velim) stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere,

Liv. 6, 12, 8; cf. Tac. H. 2, 35:

de gradu libero ac stabili conari,

Liv. 34, 39, 3:

in suo quisque gradu obnixi, urgentes scutis, sine respiratione ac respectu pugnabant,

id. 8, 38, 11:

inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43:

hostes gradu demoti,

Liv. 6, 32, 8 Drak. N. cr.; for which:

turbare ac statu movere,

id. 30, 18, 4.—

Trop., a firm position or stand:

corda virum mansere gradu,

i. e. firm, steadfast, Sil. 16, 21:

fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis, nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur,

to let one's self be disconcerted, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80; cf.:

dejectus de gradu,

id. Att. 16, 15, 3: motus gradu, Sen. Const. Sap. 19:

gradu depulsus,

Nep. Them. 5, 1; cf.:

nam si gradum, si caritatem filii apud te haberem,

Liv. 40, 9, 3.—

That on which one steps, a step or round of a ladder, a stair.

Lit. (usu. in plur.): quemadmodum scalarum gradus si alios tollas, alios incidas, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3:

haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 443:

gradus templorum,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 5:

gradus ejusdem templi tollebantur,

id. Sest. 15, 34; cf.:

aerea cui (templo) gradibus surgebant limina,

Verg. A. 1, 448; Vell. 2, 3, 1:

pro Palatii gradibus,

Suet. Ner. 8; id. Vit. 15:

praeceps per gradus ire,

id. Calig. 35:

si gradibus trepidatur ab imis,

Juv. 3, 200.—

Sing.:

cum dextro pede primus gradus ascenditur,

Vitr. 3, 3.—

Transf., of things that rise by steps.

In hair-dressing, a braid of hair:

caput in gradus atque anulos comptum,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

comam in gradus frangere,

id. 1, 6, 44; cf.:

coma in gradus formata,

Suet. Ner. 51.—

In econom. lang., a spit or such a depth of earth as can be dug at once with the spade, Col. 3, 13, 19; 4, 1, 3.—

In math., a degree of a circle, Manil. 1, 579.—

In veterin. lang., a wrinkle on the roof of a horse's mouth, Veg. Vet. 1, 2; 32; 4, 2.—

Trop., a step, degree in tones, in age, relationship, rank, etc. (equally common in sing. and plur.):

ille princeps variabit et mutabit, omnes sonorum tum intendens tum remittens persequetur gradus,

Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. id. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

ab ima ad summam (vocem) ac retro multi sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 15; cf. Vulg. Psa. 119 Tit. et saep.:

Paulatim gradus aetatis scandere adultae,

Lucr. 2, 1123; cf.:

quod tanta penuria est in omni vel honoris vel aetatis gradu, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 3; so,

aetatis,

Vell. 2, 36, 2; Quint. 3, 7, 15; Suet. Aug. 79; id. Tit. 3 al.:

unus gradus et una progenies,

Lact. 2, 10, 10:

nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est, totidemque gradus distamus ab illo,

Ov. M. 13, 143; cf.:

a matre Magnum Pompeium artissimo contingebat gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4; id. Ner. 2:

qui (populus) te tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

gradus dignitatis,

id. Rep. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 1, 27 fin.—Sing.:

ex tam alto dignitatis gradu,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12 fin.:

gradus altior, altissimus, amplissimus, dignitatis,

id. Clu. 55, 150; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; id. Mur. 14, 30; cf. also id. ib. 27, 55:

summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenere et dignitatis et gratiae,

id. Planc. 13, 32:

a senatorio gradu longe abesse,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61; cf.:

ascendens gradibus magistratuum,

id. Brut. 81, 281.—Without gen.:

etenim quis est civis praesertim hoc gradu, quo me vos esse voluistis, tam oblitus beneficii vestri, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

omni gradu amplissimo dignissimus,

id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

gradus officiorum,

id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

temporum servantur gradus,

id. Part. 4, 12: cf.:

non iidem erunt necessitudinum gradus qui temporum,

id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

gradus cognationis,

Dig. 38, 10, 1 sqq.:

v. de gradibus,

Paul. Sent. 4, 11, 1 -8:

agnationis,

Gai. Inst. 3, 10, 11:

si plures eodem gradu sint agnati,

Ulp. Fragm. 26, 5: cognati ex transverso gradu usque ad quartum gradum, i. e. collateral kindred (opp. parentes et liberi), id. ib. 5, 6:

gradus plures sunt societatis hominum,

id. ib. 1, 17, 53:

peccatorum gradus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 172:

oratorum aetates et gradus,

id. Brut. 32, 122; cf.:

gradus et dissimilitudines Atticorum,

id. ib. 82, 285:

accendendi judicis plures sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 166; 6, 4, 67: nec gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus;

Illa domus meritis Maxima dicta suis,

Ov. F. 1, 605:

si ita esset, quid opus erat te gradatim istuc pervenire?... A beatis ad virtutem, a virtute ad rationem video te venisse gradibus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 89; cf.:

omnes gradus virtutis implere,

Lact. 5, 14, 18; and:

hi plerumque gradus,

Juv. 11, 46.

scāla, ae (acc. to the ancient grammarians, not used in sing.; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, §§ 63 and 68; 10, § 54 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 16 Spald.; Charis. p. 20 P. p. 72 ib.; Diom. p. 315 ib. al.; but v. infra), f. [for scandla, from scando; cf. mala, from mando], mostly plur.: scālae, ārum, a flight of steps or stairs, a staircase; a ladder, scaling-ladder.

Lit.:

scalas dare alicui utendas,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 10: scalarum gradus, the rounds of a ladder, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3: Romani scalis summă nituntur opum vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.); Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

scalas ponere,

to fix, id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 40:

scalas admovere,

id. ib. 3, 63; 3, 80; Cic. Mil. 15, 40; id. Phil. 2, 9, 121:

murum scalis aggredi,

Sall. J. 57, 4; 60, 7; Verg. A. 9, 507; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 15 et saep.:

scalis habito tribus et altis,

up three flights of stairs, Mart. 1, 118, 7.—

In partic.: Scalae Gemoniae, v. Gemoniae.—

Poet., transf., steps:

haec per ducentas cum domum tulit scalas,

Mart. 7, 20, 20.—

Sing. (post-class.).

In gen., a ladder:

scalam commodare ad ascendendum,

Dig. 47, 2, 55 (54), § 4; cf. Aquil. Rom. p. 181 Ruhnk.—

Esp.

Scala gallinaria, a hen-roost, i. e. a crossbar of like form, used for reducing a dislocated shoulder, Cels. 8, 15 med. —

Of Jacob ' s ladder, seen in his dream, Vulg. Gen. 28, 12; Hier. Ep. 3, § 4; 108, § 13.

scāla, ae (acc. to the ancient grammarians, not used in sing.; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, §§ 63 and 68; 10, § 54 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 16 Spald.; Charis. p. 20 P. p. 72 ib.; Diom. p. 315 ib. al.; but v. infra), f. [for scandla, from scando; cf. mala, from mando], mostly plur.: scālae, ārum, a flight of steps or stairs, a staircase; a ladder, scaling-ladder.

Lit.:

scalas dare alicui utendas,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 10: scalarum gradus, the rounds of a ladder, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3: Romani scalis summă nituntur opum vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.); Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

scalas ponere,

to fix, id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 40:

scalas admovere,

id. ib. 3, 63; 3, 80; Cic. Mil. 15, 40; id. Phil. 2, 9, 121:

murum scalis aggredi,

Sall. J. 57, 4; 60, 7; Verg. A. 9, 507; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 15 et saep.:

scalis habito tribus et altis,

up three flights of stairs, Mart. 1, 118, 7.—

In partic.: Scalae Gemoniae, v. Gemoniae.—

Poet., transf., steps:

haec per ducentas cum domum tulit scalas,

Mart. 7, 20, 20.—

Sing. (post-class.).

In gen., a ladder:

scalam commodare ad ascendendum,

Dig. 47, 2, 55 (54), § 4; cf. Aquil. Rom. p. 181 Ruhnk.—

Esp.

Scala gallinaria, a hen-roost, i. e. a crossbar of like form, used for reducing a dislocated shoulder, Cels. 8, 15 med. —

Of Jacob ' s ladder, seen in his dream, Vulg. Gen. 28, 12; Hier. Ep. 3, § 4; 108, § 13.

ūnus (old forms OINOS and OENOS; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9; C. I. L. 1, 32, 35), a, um (scanned gen. sing. unĭus, Lucr. 2, 379; Verg. A. 1, 41; Hor. S. 1, 6, 13 al.:

unīus,

Verg. A. 1, 251; Ov. M. 13, 181 al.; ante-class. collat. form of the gen. sing. uni, Titin. ap. Prisc. pp. 694 and 717 P.; dat. m. uno, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 6; dat. f. unae, Cato, R. R. 19, 1; acc. OINO, C. I. L. l. l.; voc. une, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 673 P.; Cat. 37, 17; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 63 Müll.; Aug. Conf. 1, 7), num. adj. [cf. Gr. oinê, oios; Goth. ains; Germ. eins; Engl. one].

Prop.

In gen., one, a single.

Sing.:

dabitur tibi amphora una et una semita, Fons unus, unum aënum et octo dolia,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 33 sq.:

mulieres duas pejores esse quam unam,

id. Curc. 5, 1, 2:

pluris est oculatus testis unus, quam auriti decem,

id. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

unius esse negotium diei,

Caes. B. C. 3, 82:

mors Tiberii Gracchi... divisit populum unum in duas partes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31:

cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus,

id. ib. 1, 26, 42:

qui uno et octogesimo anno scribens est mortuus,

id. Sen. 5, 13; cf. Plin. 29, 6, 39, § 141.—Corresponding to alter:

Helvetii continentur unā ex parte flumine Rheno, alterā ex parte monte Jurā,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2:

unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat,

Cic. Clu. 64, 178; id. Verr. 2, 4, 29, § 66; 2, 5, 29, § 76:

exercituum unus... alter,

Liv. 24, 44, 1:

ratio triplex: una de vitā et moribus, altera de naturā,

Cic. Ac. 1, 5, 19:

cum duas cerneret vias, unam Voluptatis, alteram Virtutis,

id. Off. 1, 32, 118:

unam Nicaeam, alteram Bucephalen vocavit,

Just. 12, 8, 8; and, connected with alter:

habetur una atque altera contio vehemens,

repeated, several, Cic. Clu. 28, 77:

neque in uno aut altero animadversum est, sed jam in pluribus,

one or two, id. Mur. 21, 43:

meae verecundiae sufficit unus aut alter, ac potius unus,

Plin. Ep. 2, 13. 3;

4, 3, 1: excepto patre tuo, praeterea uno aut altero,

id. Pan. 45:

unus atque alter et mox plures,

Suet. Claud. 12:

unus et alter assentiuntur,

Curt. 5, 7, 4:

sed postquam amans accessit... Unus et item alter,

Ter. And. 1, 1. 50:

amici, Qui modo de multis unus et alter erant,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 16;

rarely unus post unum (= singuli deinceps): interiere,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 26, 41:

uno plus Tuscorum cecidisse in acie (sc. quam Romanorum),

Liv. 2, 7, 2; cf.:

legem unā plures tribus antiquarunt quam jusserunt,

id. 5, 30, 7.—

With gen. part.: Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres: quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

totam philosophiam tres in partes diviserunt... quarum cum una sit, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 4, 2, 5:

superiores tres erant, quarum est una sola defensa,

id. ib. 5, 7, 20:

orare ut trium harum rerum unam ab se impetrari sinerent,

Liv. 42, 23, 5.—

Plur.:

ex unis geminas mihi conficies nuptias,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 50: molas asinarias unas, et trusatiles unas, Hispanienses unas. Cato, R. R. 10, 4; so,

molae,

id. ib. 13, 1:

quadrigae,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14:

similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum,

Auct. Her. 3, 20, 33:

adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,

Cic. Att. 14, 18, 1:

decumae,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

tibi invideo, quod unis vestimentis tam diu lautus es,

id. Fl. 29, 70:

satis una superque Vidimus excidia,

Verg. A. 2, 642; Luc. 4, 548.—

With gen. part.:

tria Graecorum genera sunt, quorum uni sunt Athenienses, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 27, 64.—

Esp.

Adverbial expressions.

Ad unum, all together, unanimously, to a man, without exception:

amplius duūm milium numero ad unum terga vertebant, Auct. B. Afr. 70: consurrexit senatus cum clamore ad unum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

Juppiter, si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

Verg. A. 5, 687:

cui sunt adsensi ad unum (senatores),

Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 2:

ipsos ad unum caedere,

Curt. 7, 5, 32;

usu. with omnes,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86; Liv. 21, 42, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 27; cf. ad, C. 2.—

In unum, into one, to one place, together:

Fibrenus divisus aequaliter in duas partes latera haec alluit, rapideque dilapsus cito in unum confluit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6; cf. Sall. J. 51, 3; Liv. 30, 11, 4; 44, 7, 8; Verg. E. 7, 2; Ov. R. Am. 673.—

Of that which is common to several persons or things, one and the same.

Alone.

Sing.:

cum suo sibi gnato unam ad amicam de die Potare,

Plaut. As. 4, 2, 16:

uno exemplo ne omnes vitam viverent,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 132; cf. id. Capt. prol. 20:

unius aetatis clarissimi et sapientissimi nostrae civitatis viri,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

illa cum uno tempore audīsset, etc.,

id. Clu. 9, 28:

atque uno etiam tempore accidit, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

omnibus hic erit unus honos,

Verg. A. 5, 308:

omnes una manet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 15:

unus utrique Error,

id. S. 2, 3, 51:

parentum injuriae Unius modi sunt ferme,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 31:

noli putare tolerabiles horum insanias nec unius modi fore,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5; so,

unius modi,

id. Univ. 7.—Esp., uno ore, with one voice, all together, unanimously:

ceteri amici omnes Uno ore auctores fuere, ut, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 20:

de cujus utilitate omnes uno ore consentiunt,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86:

unoque omnes eadem ore fremebant,

Verg. A. 11, 132.—

Plur.:

aderit una in unis aedibus,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 76:

unis moribus et nunquam mutatis legibus vivunt,

Cic. Fl. 26, 63.—

Connected with idem:

exitus quidem omnium unus et idem fuit,

Cic. Div. 2, 47, 97:

in quā (sc. causā) omnes sentirent unum atque idem,

id. Cat. 4, 7, 14:

ferar unus et idem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 200; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 18.—

Corresponding to idem:

non semper idem floribus est honor Vernis, neque uno Luna rubens nitet Vultu,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 10.—

For solus, of that which is alone, by itself; one, alone, only, sole, single.

Alone:

hic unus, ut ego suspicor, servat fidem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 4, 21:

unum hoc scio, hanc meritam esse, ut memor esses sui,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46; cf.:

unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

cum mihi sit unum opus hoc a parentibus meis relictum,

id. ib. 1, 22, 35:

nunc vero eversis omnibus rebus, una ratio videtur,

id. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

itaque unum illud erat insitum priscis illis,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

quove praesidio unus per tot gentes pervenisset?

Liv. 1, 18, 3:

erat omnino in Galliā ulteriore legio una,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

Pompejus plus potest unus, quam ceteri omnes,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:

cui (sc. mihi) semper uni magis, quam universis, placere voluisti,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 46:

qui (sc. Demosthenes) unus eminet inter omnes in omni genere dicendi,

id. Or. 29, 104:

te unum in tanto exercitu mihi fuisse adsensorem,

id. Fam. 6, 21, 1.— Absol.:

de Antonio nihil dico praeter unum,

Cic. Sest. 3, 8.—

With ex:

cum te unum ex omnibus ad dicendum maxime natum aptumque cognōssem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 99: illc unus ex omnibus Italicis intactus profugit, [p. 1934] Sall. J. 67, 3; 69, 4.—

With gen.:

ille unus ordinis nostri discessu meo palam exsultavit,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133:

quod post Cannensem cladem unus Romanorum imperatorum prospere rem gessisset,

Liv. 23, 30, 19.—

With sup.:

tu, quam ego unam vidi mulierem audacissumam,

Plaut. As. 3, 1, 16:

unus istic servos est sacerrumus,

id. Most. 4, 2, 67:

rem unam esse omnium difficillimam,

Cic. Brut. 6, 25:

urbem unam mihi amicissimam declinavi,

id. Planc. 41, 97:

quo ego uno equite Romano familiarissime utor,

id. Fam. 13, 43, 1:

virum unum totius Graeciae doctissimum Platonem accepimus,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23.—

With magis:

quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam Posthabitā coluisse Samo,

Verg. A. 1, 15.—

With comp.:

sagacius unus odoror,

Hor. Epod. 12, 4.—

Strengthened by solus:

unus est solus inventus, qui, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 62, 130; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13:

ex uno oppido solo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 75, §

185: nil admirari prope res est una, Numici, Solaque, quae, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1:

te unum, solum suum depeculatorem, vexatorem... venisse senserunt,

Cic. Pis. 40, 96:

unus solusque censebat,

Plin. Pan. 76.—

Strengthened by tantum (rare before the Aug. age; once in Cic.; cf. Halm ad Cic. Sull. 22, 62):

inter bina castra... unum flumen tantum intererat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

excepit unum tantum, nihil amplius,

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

unius tantum criminis in vincla te duci jubeo,

Liv. 3, 56, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

unā tantum perforatā navi,

id. 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; 44, 43, 6; Just. 8, 5, 5; Sen. Ep. 79, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 11, 37, 47, § 131; Cels. 5, 28, 14; cf. absol.:

unum defuisse tantum superbiae, quod, etc.,

Liv. 6, 16, 5.—

Strengthened by modo (class.):

nam aliis unus modo, aliis plures, aliis omnes eidem videntur,

Cic. Or. 54, 180:

hi unum modo quale sit suspicantur,

id. ib. 9, 28:

hoc autem si ita sit, ut unum modo sensibus falsum videtur,

id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; Sall. J. 89, 6; id. H. 3, 61, 12 Dietsch; Liv. 22, 45, 4; 23, 42, 5.—

Unus for unus omnium maxime:

quae tibi una in amore atque in deliciis fuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3; so,

Nautes, unum Tritonia Pallas Quem docuit,

Verg. A. 5, 704.—

Emphat., with negatives, no one person or thing, not a single one, none whatever:

eum si reddis mihi, praeterea unum nummum ne duis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 81:

nemo de nobis unus excellat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 36, 105:

ut unum signum Byzantii ex maximo numero nullum haberent,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:

nullā re unā magis oratorem commendari, quam, etc.,

id. Brut. 59, 216:

haec adhortatio praetoris non modo quemquam unum elicuit ad suadendum, sed ne fremitum quidem movit (i. e. non modo non... sed),

Liv. 32, 20, 7:

quia nemo unus satis dignus regno visus est,

id. 2, 6, 3:

eo mortuo ad neminem unum summa imperii redit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18:

Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis dona dedit,

Liv. 41, 20, 7; cf. id. 3, 45, 4.—

Plur.:

sequere me Tres unos passus,

three single steps, only three steps, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 34:

unae quinque minae,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 52:

ruri dum sum ego unos sex dies,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 129; id. Cist. 4, 2, 68:

sese unis Suebis concedere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 7:

Ubii, qui uni legatos miserant,

id. ib. 4, 16:

ut unis litteris totius aestatis res gestas ad senatum perscriberem,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 3:

abs te ipso, qui me accusas, unas mihi scito litteras redditas esse,

id. Att. 1, 5, 4.

Transf., indef., a or an, one, some, some one.

Without a pron.

Absol.:

inter mulieres, Quae ibi aderant, forte unam aspicio adulescentulam, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 91:

ibi una aderit mulier lepida, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 38:

sicut unus paterfamilias his de rebus loquor,

Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132; cf.:

me una haec res torquet, quod non Pompejum tanquam unus manipularis secutus sim,

id. Att. 9, 10, 2.—

With ex:

ut me sic audiatis ut unum e togatis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

qui non fuit orator unus e multis: potius inter multos prope singularis fuit,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

ex principibus unus nomine Polyaenus,

Liv. 24, 22, 1:

unus ex ultimā turbā,

id. 24, 27, 1.—

With de:

tenuis L. Verginius unusque de multis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66. —

With gen. part. (not in Cic.):

eregione unius eorum pontium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 35:

Apollonides principum unus orationem habuit,

Liv. 24, 28, 1:

pastorum unus,

id. 10, 4, 8:

servus unus exulum initium fecit,

id. 25, 23, 6:

scortum transfugarum unius,

id. 26, 12, 16; 26, 33, 11; 30, 42, 30; 37, 23, 7;

40, 5, 10: unus turbae militaris,

id. 22, 42, 4; 6, 40, 6:

unus hostium Latinae linguae sciens,

Tac. A. 2, 13:

una Amazonum,

id. ib. 4, 56:

unum se civium (esse) respondit,

id. ib. 12, 5.—

With sup.:

est huic unus servos violentissimus, Qui, etc.,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 39; cf.:

tanquam mihi cum M. Crasso contentio esset, non cum uno gladiatore nequissimo,

Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 7.—

With,

Aliquis:

ex quibus si unum aliquod in te cognoveris, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 9, 27; cf.:

ad unum aliquem confugere,

id. Off. 2, 12, 41:

unius alicujus,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62; 2, 2, 3, § 9; id. Phil. 10, 1, 3.—In the order aliquis unus, Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48.—

Quidam:

est enim eloquentia una quaedam de summis virtutibus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 55:

unius cujusdam,

id. ib. 2, 10, 40.—

Quivis:

si tu solus aut quivis unus, etc.,

Cic. Caecin. 22, 62.—

Quilibet:

queratur unus quilibet militis mei injuriam,

Liv. 42, 42, 3:

unus Quiritium quilibet,

id. 6, 40, 6:

quilibet unus ex iis, quos, etc.,

id. 9, 17, 15.—

Quisque:

ponite ante oculos unum quemque regum,

Cic. Par. 1, 2, 11; so,

unus quisque (and sometimes in one word, unusquisque): unāquāque de re,

id. Font. 10, 21:

unum quodque,

id. Rosc. Am. 30, 83:

unum quidque,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 29:

domini capitis unius cujusque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48.—

Quisquis:

sin unum quicquid singillatim et placide percontabere,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 39:

unum quicquid,

Lucr. 5, 1388.—

Private, un official, a private person, a private citizen (post-class.):

dicentes publicam violationem fidei non debere unius lui sanguine,

Vell. 2, 1, 5:

pro uno homine jactura publica pacisceris,

Sen. Suas. 7, 3.— Adv.: ūnā (acc. to I. B. 1.), in one and the same place, at the same time, in company, together:

qui cum Amphitruone hinc una ieram in exercitum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 248:

hic Juppiter hodie ipse aget, Et ego una cum illo,

id. ib. prol. 95:

quod summi puerorum amores saepe una cum praetextā togā ponerentur,

Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

i mecum, obsecro, una simul,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 43:

mandata eri perierunt, una et Sosia,

id. Am. 1, 1, 182:

si mei consilii causam rationemque cognoverit, una et id quod facio probabit, et, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1:

qui una venerant,

id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:

cum et ego essem una et pauci admodum familiares,

id. Lael. 1, 2:

si in Italiā consistat (Pompejus), erimus una,

id. Att. 7, 10; id. Fin. 2, 24, 79; id. Brut. 21, 81.— Poet., with dat.:

Pallas huic filius una, Una omnes juvenum primi pauperque senatus Tura dabant,

at the same time, along with him, Verg. A. 8, 104 sq.

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

ē-vādo, si, sum, 3 ( perf. sync. evasti, Hor. S. 2, 7, 68; Sil. 15, 796; perf. evadi. Treb. Poll. Trig. Tyr. 5, 6), v. n. and a.

Neutr., to go or come out, go forth (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

si (apes) ex alvo minus frequentes evadunt,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 36:

ex aqua,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 86:

ex balineis,

Cic. Cael. 27, 65:

oppido,

Sall. J. 56, 5:

undis,

Verg. A. 9, 99:

puteo,

Phaedr. 4, 9, 11:

abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

per praeruptum saxum in Capitolium,

Liv. 5, 46:

in terram,

to disembark, to land, id. 29, 27 fin. —

In an upward direction:

ex abditis sedibus evadere atque exire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

evado ad summi fastigia culminis,

mount up, ascend, Verg. A. 2, 458:

ad parietem,

Suet. Ner. 48:

in murum, muros, moenia,

Liv. 2, 17; 4, 34; 10, 17:

in jugum,

id. 33, 8:

in cacumen,

Curt. 7, 11:

super capita hostium,

id. 5, 3 et saep.—

In partic., to get away, escape:

aut e morbo evasurum aegrotum, aut e periculo navem, aut ex insidiis exercitum,

Cic. Div. 2, 5, 13: ex fuga, * Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 4:

e manibus hostium,

Liv. 22, 49:

ex judicio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

e tanto periculo,

Liv. 42, 18:

periculo,

id. 21, 33:

adverso colle, sicuti praeceptum fuerat, evadunt,

Sall. J. 52, 3; cf. id. ib. 50 fin.; Liv. 1, 12 fin.; 10, 1 et saep.—

Trop.

In gen., to go or come out, pass out, escape:

accedit, ut eo facilius animus evadat ex hoc aëre eumque perrumpat, quod, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19; cf.:

ex corpore (animus),

id. de Sen. 22, 80; and:

cum ab iis... evaseris, id Tusc. 1, 41, 98: ad conjecturam,

to arrive at, Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 20:

ne in infinitum quaestio evadat,

Quint. 2, 17, 16. —

In an upward direction:

nitamur semper ad optima: quod facientes aut evademus in summum, aut certe multos infra nos videbimus,

Quint. 12, 11, 30.—

In partic., to turn out, fall out, end in some manner, to have an issue of some kind, to result, to turn to or become something:

ex communibus proprii, ex fucosis firmi suffragatores evadunt,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 9, 35; cf. Cic. Or. 27, 95; id. Fin. 4, 25, 69:

quos judicabat non posse oratores evadere,

id. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

fuit autem Athenis adulescens, perfectus Epicureus evaserat,

id. Brut. 35, 131; 87, 299; id. Fin. 4, 28, 78:

ita molles mentes evadunt civium,

id. Rep. 1, 43, 67; cf.:

juvenis evasit vere indolis regiae,

Liv. 1, 39:

quod tu ejusmodi evasisti,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69:

nimis saepe secus videmus evadere,

id. Leg. 2, 17, 43.—Of abstract subjects:

ut ita fastidiosae mollesque mentes evadant civium, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 43 fin.:

si quando aliquod somnium verum evaserit,

id. Div. 2, 53:

vereor ne haec quoque laetitia vana evadat,

Liv. 23, 12:

quoniam primum vanum inceptum evasisset,

id. 35, 47 et saep.:

intellego hercle: sed quo evadas nescio,

what you are driving at, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 44: quam timeo, quorsum evadas, where you are coming out in your story, Ter. And. 1, 1, 100; 1, 2, 5:

nimia illaec licentia Profecto evadet in aliquod magnum malum,

id. Ad. 3, 4, 64:

demiror quid sit, et quo evadat, sum in metu,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 68; cf. Cic. Att. 14, 19 fin.:

videamus, hoc quorsum evadat,

id. ib. 9, 18, 4; Nep. Dion. 8, 1:

huccine (beneficia),

to end in this, Sall. J. 14, 9:

in morbos longos,

Liv. 27, 33, 6.—

Pregn., to come to pass, be fulfilled:

aliquando id, quod somniarimus, evadere,

Cic. Div. 2, 59;

for which: si somnium verum evasit aliquod,

id. ib. 2, 71, 146.

Act. (mostly poet. and post-Aug.; not in Cic.), to pass over or pass a thing, to get over, pass beyond, leave behind.

Lit.

In gen.:

omnem videbar evasisse viam,

Verg. A. 2, 730:

tot urbes,

id. ib. 3, 282:

vada, arva,

Ov. M. 3, 19:

amnem,

Tac. A. 12, 35:

limen harae,

Col. 7, 9, 13:

vestibulum (apes),

id. 9, 12, 1 et saep.—

In an upward direction:

sic fata gradus evaserat altos,

had mounted the steps, Verg. A. 4, 685:

ardua,

to climb, ascend, Liv. 2, 65. —

In partic., to get away, flee, escape from, = effugere:

alicujus manus,

Verg. A. 9, 560:

loca mortis,

Ov. M. 14, 126:

flammam,

Verg. A. 5, 689:

angustias,

Liv. 21, 32; 38, 2:

nocturnas insidias,

Suet. Caes. 74: aliquem, Tiber. ap. Suet. Tib. 61.—

Trop.

In gen.: vitam, to depart from, i. e. to die, App. M. 4, p. 140.—

In an upward direction:

si haec quoque jam lenius supina perseverantibus studiis evaseris,

hast climbed, ascended, Quint. 12, 10, 79.—

In partic., to escape, get rid of: aegritudinem, Lucil. ap. Non. 294, 7:

necem,

Phaedr. 4, 6, 4:

gravem casum,

Tac. A. 14, 6:

sermones malignorum,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 3 et saep.

fīgo, xi, xum, 3 (archaic part. perf. ficta, Lucr. 3, 4; Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 4), v. a. [Gr. sphing-ô, to bind fast; sphigmos, phimos, muzzle; cf. fīlum, for figlum. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 186; Germ. dick. dicht; Engl. thick. etc., Corss. Krit. Nachtr. p. 233], to fix, fasten, drive or thrust in, attach, affix (class.; cf.: pango, configo, defigo).

Lit., constr. aliquid, aliquid in with abl. ( poet. also in with acc., or aliquid with abl. only):

imbrices medias clavulis,

Cato, R. R. 21, 3:

palum in parietem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 4:

mucrones in cive an in hoste,

Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 6:

tabulam decreti Caesaris aut beneficii,

to post up, id. ib. 1, 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 12, 5 fin.:

Antonius accepta grandi pecunia fixit legem a dictatore comitiis latam,

i. e. posted it up as having been carried, id. Att. 14, 12, 1; cf.:

adsentiri, ne qua tabula ullius decreti Caesaris figeretur,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

fixit leges pretio atque refixit,

Verg. A. 6, 622:

quique aera legum vetustate delapsa, noscerent figerentque,

Tac. H. 4, 40:

nec verba minacia aere fixo legebantur,

Ov. M. 1, 91:

quam damnatis crucem servis fixeras,

hadst fixed in the ground, erected, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 12:

feraces plantas humo,

to plant, set, Verg. G. 4, 115:

clavos verticibus,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 5:

cuneos,

Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 109 (dub.):

veribus trementia (frusta),

to fix on spits, Verg. A. 1, 212:

spicula pectore,

Prop. 2, 13, 2 (3, 4, 2 M.);

for which: harundo in vertice fixa,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 7:

cristas vertice,

Verg. A. 10, 701:

fumantes taedas sub pectore,

id. ib. 7, 457:

notas in collo dente,

to impress, Tib. 1, 8, 38:

virus in venas per vulnera,

injects, Cic. Arat. 432: vestigia, plants his steps, i. e. moves on, Verg. A. 6, 159:

arma quae fixa in parietibus fuerant,

fastened up, hung up, Cic. Div. 1, 34, 74; cf.:

scuta sublime fixa,

id. ib. 2, 31, 67:

arma ad postem Herculis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 5:

arma thalamo,

Verg. A. 4, 495:

arma Troïa hic,

id. ib. 1, 248:

clipeum postibus,

id. ib. 3, 287:

dona Laurenti Divo,

id. ib. 12, 768: ID AES AD STATVAM LORICATAM DIVI IVLII, S. C. ap. Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 13:

qui spolia ex hoste fixa domi haberent,

Liv. 23, 23, 6; 38, 43, 11:

navalem coronam fastigio Palatinae domus,

Suet. Claud. 17:

luteum opus celsā sub trabe (hirundo),

Ov. F. 1, 158: ipse summis saxis fixus asperis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107, and id. Pis. 19, 43 (Trag. v. 413 ed. Vahl.):

aliquem cruci,

nail, Quint. 7, 1, 30; Suet. Dom. 10:

corpus lacerum in crucem (al. cruce),

Just. 21, 4 fin.:

figit in virgine vultus,

fixes, Verg. A. 12, 70:

oculos solo,

id. ib. 1, 482:

oculos in terram,

Sen. Ep. 11: in poet. transf.:

oculos horrenda in virgine fixus,

Verg. A. 11, 507 (cf.:

defixus lumina vultu,

id. ib. 6, 156; Tac. A. 3, 1):

Caesar in silentium fixus,

Tac. A. 6, 50 (56):

obstipo capite et figentes lumine terram,

Pers. 3, 80:

foribus miser oscula figit,

kisses, Lucr. 4, 1179:

oscula dulcia,

Verg. A. 1, 687:

sedem Cumis,

to fix his abode, Juv. 3, 2:

domos,

Tac. A. 13, 54.—

Transf., to fix by piercing through, to transfix, pierce (cf. configo, II.):

hunc intorto figit telo,

Verg. A. 10, 382:

hunc jaculo acuto,

Ov. M. 10, 131: hostes telis, Auct. B. Alex. 30 fin.:

fixisse puellas gestit (Cupido),

Tib. 2, 1, 71:

cervos,

Verg. E. 2, 29:

dammas,

id. G. 1, 308; id. A. 5, 515; Sil. 1, 305:

cutem (clavi),

Sen. Prov. 3:

olli per galeam fixo stetit hasta cerebro,

Verg. A. 12, 537:

aprum,

Juv. 1, 23:

figar a sagitta,

Ov. H. 16, 278:

vulnus,

to inflict, Mart. 1, 61, 4.

Trop.

To fix, fasten, direct.

With in and abl.: ego omnia mea studia, omnem operam, curam, industriam, cogitationem, [p. 749] mentem denique omnem in Milonis consulatu fixi et locavi, Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 3.—

With in and acc. (rare):

fixus in silentium,

Tac. A. 6, 50.—

In other constructions:

beneficium, quemadmodum dicitur, trabali clavo,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53:

nostras intra te fige querelas,

Juv. 9, 94:

penitus hoc se malum fixit,

Sen. Tranq. 15:

nequitiae fige modum tuae,

Hor. C. 3, 15, 2. —

(Acc. to I. B.) Of speech, to sting; taunt, rally a person:

aliquem maledictis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 93:

adversarios,

id. Or. 26, 89.—Hence, fixus, a, um, P. a., fixed, fast, immovable.

Lit. (very rare):

illud maneat et fixum sit,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 25:

inque tuis nunc Fixa pedum pono pressis vestigia signis,

i. e. firmly fixed in, Lucr. 3, 4; cf.

in the foll.: astra,

the fixed stars, Manil. 2, 35; so,

flammae,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 15.— Far more freq.,

Trop.:

vestigia (integritatis) non pressa leviter, sed fixa ad memoriam illius provinciae sempiternam,

Cic. Sest. 5, 13:

non ita fixum, ut convelli non liceret,

id. Clu. 45, 126: fixum et statutum, id. Mur., 30, 62; cf.:

consilium fixum,

id. Att. 6, 14, 2:

animo fixum immotumque sedere, ne, etc.,

Verg. A, 4, 15: fixum est, with a subj.-clause, it is fixed, determined, Sil. 2, 364; 3, 114:

decretum stabile, fixum, ratum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 9, 27; cf.:

ratum, fixum, firmum,

permanent, id. ib. 2, 46, 141:

illud fixum in animis vestris tenetote,

fixed, impressed, id. Balb. 28, 64: quae perpetuo animo meo fixa manebunt, Lepid. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 3.— Adv.: fixe, fixedly (late Lat.):

ubi tenacius habitabit et fixius,

Aug. Ep. 6 fin.