-
41 intimacy
noun* * *[-məsi]1) (the quality of being intimate.) die Vertrautheit2) (close friendship.) vertrauter Umgang* * *in·ti·ma·cy[ˈɪntɪməsi, AM -t̬ə-]n\intimacy between teachers and pupils eine [zu] enge Beziehung zwischen Lehrern und Schülern2. (remarks)* * *['IntIməsɪ]nVertrautheit f, Intimität f; (euph = sexual intimacy) Intimität fintimacy took place (form euph) — es kam zu Intimitäten
* * *a) Vertrautheit f, vertrauter Umgangb)(auch pej plumpe) Vertraulichkeitd) Gemütlichkeit f:* * *noun* * *n.Innigkeit f.Intimität f.Vertrautheit f. -
42 Foreign policy
The guiding principle of Portuguese foreign policy since the founding of the monarchy in the 12th century has been the maintenance of Portugal's status first as an independent kingdom and, later, as a sovereign nation-state. For the first 800 years of its existence, Portuguese foreign policy and diplomacy sought to maintain the independence of the Portuguese monarchy, especially in relationship to the larger and more powerful Spanish monarchy. During this period, the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, which began with a treaty of commerce and friendship signed between the kings of Portugal and England in 1386 (the Treaty of Windsor) and continued with the Methuen Treaty in 1703, sought to use England ( Great Britain after 1707) as a counterweight to its landward neighbor, Spain.As three invasions of Portugal by Napoleon's armies during the first decade of the 19th century proved, however, Spain was not the only threat to Portugal's independence and security. Portugal's ally, Britain, provided a counterweight also to a threatening France on more than one occasion between 1790 and 1830. During the 19th century, Portugal's foreign policy became largely subordinate to that of her oldest ally, Britain, and standard Portuguese histories describe Portugal's situation as that of a "protectorate" of Britain. In two key aspects during this time of international weakness and internal turmoil, Portugal's foreign policy was under great pressure from her ally, world power Britain: responses to European conflicts and to the situation of Portugal's scattered, largely impoverished overseas empire. Portugal's efforts to retain massive, resource-rich Brazil in her empire failed by 1822, when Brazil declared its independence. Britain's policy of favoring greater trade and commerce opportunities in an autonomous Brazil was at odds with Portugal's desperate efforts to hold Brazil.Following the loss of Brazil and a renewed interest in empire in tropical Africa, Portugal sought to regain a more independent initiative in her foreign policy and, especially after 1875, overseas imperial questions dominated foreign policy concerns. From this juncture, through the first Republic (1910-26) and during the Estado Novo, a primary purpose of Portuguese foreign policy was to maintain Portuguese India, Macau, and its colonies in Africa: Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau. Under the direction of the dictator, Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, further efforts were made to reclaim a measure of independence of foreign policy, despite the tradition of British dominance. Salazar recognized the importance of an Atlantic orientation of the country's foreign policy. As Herbert Pell, U.S. Ambassador to Portugal (1937-41), observed in a June 1939 report to the U.S. Department of State, Portugal's leaders understood that Portugal must side with "that nation which dominates the Atlantic."During the 1930s, greater efforts were made in Lisbon in economic, financial, and foreign policy initiatives to assert a greater measure of flexibility in her dependence on ally Britain. German economic interests made inroads in an economy whose infrastructure in transportation, communication, and commerce had long been dominated by British commerce and investors. Portugal's foreign policy during World War II was challenged as both Allied and Axis powers tested the viability of Portugal's official policy of neutrality, qualified by a customary bow to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, who served as minister of foreign affairs, as well as prime minister, during 1936-45, sought to sell his version of neutrality to both sides in the war and to do so in a way that would benefit Portugal's still weak economy and finance. Portugal's status as a neutral was keenly tested in several cases, including Portugal's agreeing to lease military bases to Britain and the United States in the Azores Islands and in the wolfram (tungsten ore) question. Portugal's foreign policy experienced severe pressures from the Allies in both cases, and Salazar made it clear to his British and American counterparts that Portugal sought to claim the right to make independent choices in policy, despite Portugal's military and economic weakness. In tense diplomatic negotiations with the Allies over Portugal's wolfram exports to Germany as of 1944, Salazar grew disheartened and briefly considered resigning over the wolfram question. Foreign policy pressure on this question diminished quickly on 6 June 1944, as Salazar decreed that wolfram mining, sales, and exports to both sides would cease for the remainder of the war. After the United States joined the Allies in the war and pursued an Atlantic strategy, Portugal discovered that her relationship with the dominant ally in the emerging United Nations was changing and that the U.S. would replace Britain as the key Atlantic ally during succeeding decades. Beginning in 1943-44, and continuing to 1949, when Portugal became, with the United States, a founding member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Luso-American relations assumed center stage in her foreign policy.During the Cold War, Portuguese foreign policy was aligned with that of the United States and its allies in Western Europe. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the focus of Portuguese foreign policy shifted away from defending and maintaining the African colonies toward integration with Europe. Since Portugal became a member of the European Economic Community in 1986, and this evolved into the European Union (EU), all Portuguese governments have sought to align Portugal's foreign policy with that of the EU in general and to be more independent of the United States. Since 1986, Portugal's bilateral commercial and diplomatic relations with Britain, France, and Spain have strengthened, especially those with Spain, which are more open and mutually beneficial than at any other time in history.Within the EU, Portugal has sought to play a role in the promotion of democracy and human rights, while maintaining its security ties to NATO. Currently, a Portuguese politician, José Manuel Durão Barroso, is president of the Commission of the EU, and Portugal has held the six-month rotating presidency of the EU three times, in 1992, 2000, and 2007. -
43 connection
- ʃən1) (something that connects or is connected: a faulty electrical connection.) conexión2) ((a) state of being connected or related: My connection with their family is very slight; I wish to talk to you in connection with my daughter's career.) relación3) (a useful person whom one can contact, especially in business: his connections in the clothing trade.) contacto4) (a train, bus etc to which one changes from another in the course of a journey: As the local train was late, I missed the connection to London.) enlace1. conexiónthe radio wouldn't work due to a faulty connection la radio no funcionaba debido a una mala conexión2. relaciónthere's a connection between smoking and lung cancer hay una relación entre fumar y el cáncer de pulmón3. enlacetr[kə'nekʃən]1 (professional) contactos nombre masculino plural; (relatives) familia, parientes nombre masculino plural\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin connection with en relación con, con relación ain that connection a este respecto, con respecto a estoto have connections familiar tener enchufeconnection [kən'nɛkʃən] n: conexión f, enlace mprofessional connections: relaciones profesionalesn.• acoplamiento s.m.• combinación s.f.• conexión s.f.• empalme s.m.• encadenamiento s.m.• enchufe s.m.• engarce s.m.• enlace s.m.• entronque s.m.• trabazón s.m.• unión s.f.kə'nekʃən1) ca) ( link)connection (WITH something) — enlace m or conexión f (con algo)
b) ( Elec) conexión f2) c ( Transp)connection (WITH something) — conexión f or enlace m (con algo)
I missed my connection — perdí la combinación or conexión
3) c ua) ( relation) relación f or conexión fshe is wanted in connection with the killing — se la busca en relación or en conexión con el asesinato
b) ( relationship) conexión f4) connections pla) (links, ties) lazos mplb) ( influential people) contactos mpl, conexiones fpl (AmL)c) ( relations) familiares mpl, parientes mpl[kǝ'nekʃǝn]1. N1) (Rail etc) enlace m ; (Elec, Tech) conexión f, empalme m ; (Telec) línea f, comunicación fto make a connection — hacer enlace, empalmar
there's a loose connection — (Elec) hay un hilo suelto
we've got a bad connection — (Telec) no se oye bien
in connection with — en relación a, con respecto a
there's no connection between the two events — no hay ninguna relación or conexión entre los dos sucesos
"no connection with any other firm" — "ésta es una firma independiente"
2.CPDconnection charge, connection fee N — cuota f de conexión
* * *[kə'nekʃən]1) ca) ( link)connection (WITH something) — enlace m or conexión f (con algo)
b) ( Elec) conexión f2) c ( Transp)connection (WITH something) — conexión f or enlace m (con algo)
I missed my connection — perdí la combinación or conexión
3) c ua) ( relation) relación f or conexión fshe is wanted in connection with the killing — se la busca en relación or en conexión con el asesinato
b) ( relationship) conexión f4) connections pla) (links, ties) lazos mplb) ( influential people) contactos mpl, conexiones fpl (AmL)c) ( relations) familiares mpl, parientes mpl -
44 fragile
(easily broken: a fragile glass vase.) frágilfragile adj frágiltr['fræʤaɪl]1 frágil2 figurative use (health) delicado,-afragile ['fræʤəl, -.ʤaɪl] adj: frágiladj.• deleznable adj.• delicado, -a adj.• endeble adj.• frágil adj.• quebradizo, -a adj.• rompedero, -a adj.'frædʒəl, 'frædʒaɪla) <object/china/glass> frágil; <relationship/link/agreement> precario, frágilfragile, handle with care — cuidado, frágil
['frædʒaɪl]ADJ1) (=easily broken) [glass, china, object] frágilfragile, handle with care — cuidado, frágil
2) (=delicate, fine) [plant, beauty, person] delicado3) (=frail) [person] débil; [health] delicado, precario4) (=unstable) [peace, democracy, relationship] precario, frágilthe fragile state of the economy — el precario or frágil estado de la economía
* * *['frædʒəl, 'frædʒaɪl]a) <object/china/glass> frágil; <relationship/link/agreement> precario, frágilfragile, handle with care — cuidado, frágil
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45 permanent
'pə:mənənt(lasting; not temporary: After many years of travelling, they made a permanent home in England.) permanente- permanence
- permanent wave
permanent adj permanente / fijotr['pɜːmənənt]2 (job, address) fijo,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLpermanent wave permanente nombre femeninopermanent ['pərmənənt] adj: permanente♦ permanently adv: permanente fadj.• duradero, -a adj.• efectivo, -a adj.• fijo, -a adj.• permanente adj.• sentado, -a adj.n.• ondulación permanente s.f.
I 'pɜːrmənənt, 'pɜːmənəntadjective permanente; <address/job> fijo, permanente; < damage> irreparable; < relationship> estable; <dye/ink> indeleblepermanent wave — permanente f or (Méx) m
II
['pɜːmǝnǝnt]1. ADJ1) (=fixed, unchangeable) [limp] permanente; [damage] irreparable; [finish on steel] inalterablehe has become a permanent fixture in her life — se ha convertido en una figura permanente en su vida
2) (=stable, lasting) [job] estable, fijo; [relationship] estableI'm not permanent here — (in job) no estoy fijo aquí
3) (=constant) continuo, permanente2.N(US) = perm I, 1.3.CPDpermanent address N — domicilio m permanente
permanent magnet N — imán m permanente
Permanent Secretary N — (Brit) (Admin) Secretario(-a) m / f Permanente (alto cargo de la Administración en Gran Bretaña)
permanent staff N — personal m de plantilla
Permanent Under-secretary N — (Brit) (Admin) Subsecretario(-a) m / f Permanente (alto cargo de la Administración en Gran Bretaña)
permanent wave N — permanente f
* * *
I ['pɜːrmənənt, 'pɜːmənənt]adjective permanente; <address/job> fijo, permanente; < damage> irreparable; < relationship> estable; <dye/ink> indeleblepermanent wave — permanente f or (Méx) m
II
-
46 put
putpresent participle - putting; verb1) (to place in a certain position or situation: He put the plate in the cupboard; Did you put any sugar in my coffee?; He put his arm round her; I'm putting a new lock on the door; You're putting too much strain on that rope; When did the Russians first put a man into space?; You've put me in a bad temper; Can you put (=translate) this sentence into French?) poner, colocar2) (to submit or present (a proposal, question etc): I put several questions to him; She put her ideas before the committee.) presentar3) (to express in words: He put his refusal very politely; Children sometimes have such a funny way of putting things!) expresar4) (to write down: I'm trying to write a letter to her, but I don't know what to put.) poner; escribir5) (to sail in a particular direction: We put out to sea; The ship put into harbour for repairs.) echar al mar•- put-on- a put-up job
- put about
- put across/over
- put aside
- put away
- put back
- put by
- put down
- put down for
- put one's feet up
- put forth
- put in
- put in for
- put off
- put on
- put out
- put through
- put together
- put up
- put up to
- put up with
put vb1. poner / colocar2. metertr[pʊt]■ where did you put the matches? ¿dónde has puesto las cerillas?2 (write, mark) poner, apuntar, escribir■ what did you put for number six? ¿qué pusiste en el número seis?3 (cause to be) poner■ what's put you in such a bad mood ¿qué te ha puesto de tan mal humor?4 (rate, classify) poner5 (express) expresar, decir■ how shall I put it? ¿cómo te lo diría?6 (calculate, estimate) calcular7 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (shot) lanzar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be hard put to do something serle difícil a uno hacer algoto not know where to put oneself no saber dónde ponerse, no saber dónde esconderseto put an end to something acabar con algo, poner fin a algoto put in a good word for somebody recomendar a alguiento not put it past somebody (to do something) creer a alguien muy capaz (de hacer algo)to put one over on somebody engañar a alguiento put paid to something estropear algoto put something right arreglar algoto put somebody on the train, plane, etc acompañar a alguien al tren, al avión, etcto put somebody to bed acostar a alguiento put somebody to death ejecutar a alguiento put somebody up to something incitar a alguien a hacer algoto put something out to contract subcontratar algoto put something to good use hacer buen uso de algoto put the blame on somebody echar la culpa a alguiento put two and two together atar cabosto put something up for sale poner algo en ventato stay put quedarse quieto,-a1) place: poner, colocarput it on the table: ponlo en la mesa2) insert: meterit put her in a good mood: la puso de buen humorto put into effect: poner en práctica4) impose: imponerthey put a tax on it: lo gravaron con un impuesto5) subject: someter, ponerto put to the test: poner a pruebato put to death: ejecutar6) express: expresar, decirhe put it simply: lo dijo sencillamente7) apply: aplicarto put one's mind to something: proponerse hacer algo8) set: ponerI put him to work: lo puse a trabajar9) attach: darto put a high value on: dar gran valor a10) present: presentar, exponerto put a question to someone: hacer una pregunta a alguienput vi1)to put to sea : hacerse a la mar2)to put up with : aguantar, soportaradj.• puesto, -a adj.pret., p.p.(Preterito definido y participio pasivo de "to put")• colocar v.v.(§ p.,p.p.: put) = lanzar v.• meter v.• poner v.(§pres: pongo, pones...) pret: pus-pp: puestofut/c: pondr-•)• situar v.pʊt
1.
2)a) ( place) poner*; (with care, precision etc) colocar*, poner*; ( inside something) meter, poner*to put something in the oven — poner* or meter algo en el horno
did you put salt in it? — ¿le pusiste or le echaste sal?
I put myself on the list — me apunté or me puse en la lista
not to know where to put oneself o (AmE also) one's face (colloq) — no saber* dónde ponerse or meterse
to put something behind one — olvidar or superar algo
b) (install, fit) poner*3)a) ( thrust)she put her head around the door/out of the window — asomó la cabeza por la puerta/por la ventana
b) (send, propel)c) ( Sport)to put the shot — lanzar* el peso
4)a) ( rank) poner*she puts herself first — se pone ella primero or en primer lugar
to put something above/before something: I put honesty above all other virtues para mí la honestidad está por encima de todas las demás virtudes or por encima de todo; he puts his art before everything else — antepone su arte a todo
b) (in competition, league)this victory puts them in o into the lead — con esta victoria pasan a ocupar la delantera
c) ( estimate)to put something at something: I'd put the figure at closer to $40,000 — yo diría que la cifra es más cercana a los 40.000 dólares
5) ( cause to be) poner*to put something to good use — \<\<time/ability/object\>\> hacer* buen uso de algo
6) (make undergo, cause to do)to put somebody to something: I don't want to put you to any trouble no quiero causarle ninguna molestia; I put her to work — la puse a trabajar; death, shame I 1), test I 1) b) etc
7)a) (attribute, assign)to put something on something: I couldn't put a price on it no sabría decir cuánto vale; I put a high value on our friendship — valoro mucho nuestra amistad
b) ( impose)to put something on something/somebody: they put a special duty on these goods gravaron estos artículos con un impuesto especial; to put the blame on somebody echarle la culpa a algn, culpar a algn; it put a great strain on their relationship — eso sometió su relación a una gran tensión
8)a) (instill, infect)to put something in(to) something: who put that idea into your head? — ¿quién te metió esa idea en la cabeza?
b) ( cause to have)to put something in(to) something: the fresh air put some color into his cheeks — el aire fresco les dio un poco de color a sus mejillas
9)a) ( invest)to put something into something — \<\<money\>\> invertir* algo en algo
b) (bet, stake)to put something on something — \<\<money\>\> apostar* or jugarse* algo a algo
c) ( contribute)to put something toward something — contribuir* con algo a algo, poner* algo para algo
10) (fix, repose)to put something in something/somebody: I put my trust in you puse or (liter) deposité mi confianza en ti; I don't put much faith in conventional medicine — no le tengo mucha fe a la medicina convencional
11) ( present) \<\<views/case\>\> exponer*, presentar; \<\<proposal\>\> presentarto put something to somebody: to put a question to somebody hacerle* una pregunta a algn; the employers' offer will be put to a mass meeting la oferta de la patronal será sometida a votación en una asamblea; I put it to you that... — (frml) mi opinión es que...
12) (write, indicate, mark) poner*what shall I put? — ¿qué pongo?
13) ( express) decir*(let me) put it this way: I wouldn't invite him again — te digo lo siguiente: no lo volvería a invitar
to put something well/badly — expresar algo bien/mal
2.
to put to sea — hacerse* a la mar, zarpar
Phrasal Verbs:- put away- put back- put by- put down- put in- put off- put on- put out- put over- put past- put up[pʊt] (pt, pp put)1. TRANSITIVE VERBFor set combinations consisting of put + noun, eg put a price on, put a strain on, put an end to, put at risk, put out of business, put in touch with look up the noun. For put + adverb/preposition combinations, see also phrasal verbs.1) (=place, thrust)a) (physically) poner; (with precision) colocar; (=insert) meter, introducir more frm; (=leave) dejar•
I put a serviette by each plate — puse or coloqué una servilleta junto a cada plato•
put it in the drawer — ponlo en el cajónshe put the chairs in a circle — puso or colocó las sillas en círculo
shall I put milk in your coffee? — ¿te pongo leche en el café?
he put a coin in the slot — puso or metió or more frm introdujo una moneda en la ranura
you should put your money in a bank — deberías poner or more frm depositar el dinero en un banco
•
I put a sheet of paper into the typewriter — puse or coloqué una hoja de papel en la máquina de escribir•
he put his keys on the table — puso or dejó las llaves en la mesaI put some more coal on the fire — puse or eché más carbón en el fuego
she put her head on my shoulder — apoyó or recostó la cabeza en mi hombro
•
she put her head out of the window — asomó la cabeza por la ventana•
he put his hand over his mouth — se tapó la boca con la mano, se puso la mano en la boca•
he put his head round the door — asomó la cabeza por la puerta•
I put my fist through the window — rompí la ventana con el puñobed 1., 1), flight II, stay I, 1., 1), a) Some put + noun combinations require a more specific Spanish verb. For very set combinations look up the noun.•
he put the shell to his ear — se puso or se acercó la concha al oído•
the syllabus puts a lot of emphasis on languages — el programa (de estudios) hace or pone mucho énfasis en los idiomas•
I wouldn't put any faith in what he says — yo no creería lo que dice, yo no tendría ninguna confianza en lo que dice•
you can put that idea out of your head — ya te puedes quitar esa idea de la cabezablame 1., figure 1., 6), trust 1., 1), tax 1., 1)•
this puts the responsibility on drivers to be aware of the law — esto responsabiliza a los conductores de estar enterados de la ley2) (=cause to be) poner•
to put sb in a good/bad mood — poner a algn de buen/mal humorthis puts me in a very awkward position — esto me pone or deja en una situación muy difícil
his win today puts him in second place overall — la victoria de hoy le pone or coloca en segunda posición en la clasificación general
•
to put sb on a diet — poner a algn a dieta or a régimen3) (=cause to undertake)•
she put him to work immediately — lo puso a trabajar en seguida4) (=express) decirI don't quite know how to put this — la verdad, no sé cómo decir esto
•
as Shakespeare puts it — como dice Shakespeare•
to put it bluntly — para decirlo claramente, hablando en plata *•
I find it hard to put into words — me resulta difícil expresarlo con palabras•
how shall I put it? — ¿cómo lo diría?let me put it this way... — digámoslo de esta manera..., por decirlo de alguna manera...
to put it another way, it'll save you three hours — por decirlo de otra manera, te ahorrará tres horas
5) (=write) poner, escribirwhat do you want me to put? — ¿qué quieres que ponga or escriba?
put your name at the top of the paper — ponga or escriba su nombre en la parte superior del papel
put the title in capital letters — pon or escribe el título en letras mayúsculas
•
I've put you on the waiting list — le he puesto en la lista de esperaput it on my account — (Comm) cárguelo a mi cuenta
•
he put a line through the offending paragraph — tachó el párrafo controvertido•
to put one's signature to sth — firmar algo6) (=invest) invertir•
to put money into a company — invertir dinero en una compañíaI've put a lot of time and effort into this — he invertido un montón de tiempo y esfuerzo en esto, le he dedicado a esto mucho tiempo y esfuerzo
"I'm not getting much out of this course" - "well, you're not putting much into it, are you?" — -no estoy sacando mucho de este curso -tampoco es que te estés esforzando mucho, ¿no?
7) (=contribute)•
to put sth towards sth — contribuir (con) algo hacia algoI'll pay for the bike but you'll have to put something towards it — yo pagaré la bici pero tú tienes que contribuir con algo
I'm going to put the money towards a holiday — voy a poner or guardar el dinero para unas vacaciones
8) (=expound, submit) [+ views] expresar, exponerthis will give people an opportunity to put their views — esto dará a la gente la oportunidad de expresar or exponer sus puntos de vista
he puts the case for a change in the law — plantea or expone argumentos a favor de un cambio en la ley
she puts a convincing case — presenta or da argumentos convincentes
•
the proposal was put before Parliament — la propuesta se presentó ante el parlamento•
to put sth to sb, how will you put it to him? — ¿cómo se lo vas a decir or comunicar?I put it to you that... — les sugiero que...
the chairman put the proposal to the committee — el presidente sometió la propuesta a votación en el comité
9) (=estimate)•
they put the loss at around £50,000 — calcularon or valoraron las pérdidas en unas 50.000 librashis fortune is put at 3 billion — se calcula or valora su fortuna en 3 billones
the number of dead was put at 6,000 — se calculó or estimó el número de muertos en 6.000
•
some put the figure as high as 20,000 — algunos estiman que la cifra llega hasta 20.00010) (=rank)•
he put himself above the law — creía estar por encima de la ley•
I wouldn't put him among the greatest poets — yo no le pondría entre los más grandes poetas•
we should never put money before happiness — no deberíamos nunca anteponer el dinero a la felicidadI put the needs of my children before anything else — para mí las necesidades de mis hijos van por delante de todo lo demás or son más importantes que todo lo demás
11) (=set)•
she put my brother against me — puso a mi hermano en contra mía•
to put a watch to the right time — poner un reloj en hora12) (=throw)•
to put the shot — (Sport) lanzar el peso13) (St Ex) (=offer to sell) [+ stock, security] declararse vendedor de14) (=bet)see put on2.INTRANSITIVE VERB(Naut)•
to put into port — entrar a puertothe ship put into Southampton — el barco entró a or en Southampton
•
to put to sea — hacerse a la mar3.COMPOUNDput option N — (St Ex) opción f de venta a precio fijado
- put away- put back- put by- put down- put in- put off- put on- put onto- put out- put over- put up- put upon* * *[pʊt]
1.
2)a) ( place) poner*; (with care, precision etc) colocar*, poner*; ( inside something) meter, poner*to put something in the oven — poner* or meter algo en el horno
did you put salt in it? — ¿le pusiste or le echaste sal?
I put myself on the list — me apunté or me puse en la lista
not to know where to put oneself o (AmE also) one's face (colloq) — no saber* dónde ponerse or meterse
to put something behind one — olvidar or superar algo
b) (install, fit) poner*3)a) ( thrust)she put her head around the door/out of the window — asomó la cabeza por la puerta/por la ventana
b) (send, propel)c) ( Sport)to put the shot — lanzar* el peso
4)a) ( rank) poner*she puts herself first — se pone ella primero or en primer lugar
to put something above/before something: I put honesty above all other virtues para mí la honestidad está por encima de todas las demás virtudes or por encima de todo; he puts his art before everything else — antepone su arte a todo
b) (in competition, league)this victory puts them in o into the lead — con esta victoria pasan a ocupar la delantera
c) ( estimate)to put something at something: I'd put the figure at closer to $40,000 — yo diría que la cifra es más cercana a los 40.000 dólares
5) ( cause to be) poner*to put something to good use — \<\<time/ability/object\>\> hacer* buen uso de algo
6) (make undergo, cause to do)to put somebody to something: I don't want to put you to any trouble no quiero causarle ninguna molestia; I put her to work — la puse a trabajar; death, shame I 1), test I 1) b) etc
7)a) (attribute, assign)to put something on something: I couldn't put a price on it no sabría decir cuánto vale; I put a high value on our friendship — valoro mucho nuestra amistad
b) ( impose)to put something on something/somebody: they put a special duty on these goods gravaron estos artículos con un impuesto especial; to put the blame on somebody echarle la culpa a algn, culpar a algn; it put a great strain on their relationship — eso sometió su relación a una gran tensión
8)a) (instill, infect)to put something in(to) something: who put that idea into your head? — ¿quién te metió esa idea en la cabeza?
b) ( cause to have)to put something in(to) something: the fresh air put some color into his cheeks — el aire fresco les dio un poco de color a sus mejillas
9)a) ( invest)to put something into something — \<\<money\>\> invertir* algo en algo
b) (bet, stake)to put something on something — \<\<money\>\> apostar* or jugarse* algo a algo
c) ( contribute)to put something toward something — contribuir* con algo a algo, poner* algo para algo
10) (fix, repose)to put something in something/somebody: I put my trust in you puse or (liter) deposité mi confianza en ti; I don't put much faith in conventional medicine — no le tengo mucha fe a la medicina convencional
11) ( present) \<\<views/case\>\> exponer*, presentar; \<\<proposal\>\> presentarto put something to somebody: to put a question to somebody hacerle* una pregunta a algn; the employers' offer will be put to a mass meeting la oferta de la patronal será sometida a votación en una asamblea; I put it to you that... — (frml) mi opinión es que...
12) (write, indicate, mark) poner*what shall I put? — ¿qué pongo?
13) ( express) decir*(let me) put it this way: I wouldn't invite him again — te digo lo siguiente: no lo volvería a invitar
to put something well/badly — expresar algo bien/mal
2.
to put to sea — hacerse* a la mar, zarpar
Phrasal Verbs:- put away- put back- put by- put down- put in- put off- put on- put out- put over- put past- put up -
47 break
A n1 ( fracture) fracture f ;3 ( gap) (in fence, wall) brèche f ; (in row, line) espace m ; (in circuit, chain, sequence) rupture f ; (in conversation, match) pause f ; ( in performance) entracte m ; (in traffic, procession) trou m, espace m ; a break in the clouds une éclaircie ; a break in transmission une interruption dans la retransmission ;4 Radio, TV ( also commercial break) page f de publicité ; we're going to take a break now tout de suite, une page de publicité ;5 ( pause) gen pause f ; Sch récréation f ; to take a break faire une pause ; I walked/worked for six hours without a break j'ai marché/travaillé pendant six heures sans m'arrêter ; to have a break from work arrêter de travailler ; to take ou have a break from working/driving ne plus travailler/conduire pendant un temps ; to take ou have a break from nursing/teaching arrêter le métier d'infirmière/d'enseignant pendant un temps ; I often give her a break from looking after the kids je m'occupe souvent des enfants pour qu'elle se repose ; give us a break ○ ! fiche-nous la paix ○ ! ;6 ( holiday) vacances fpl ; the Christmas break les vacances de Noël ; a weekend break in Milan un week-end à Milan ;7 fig ( departure) rupture f (with avec) ; a break with tradition/the past une rupture avec la tradition/le passé ; it's time to make a ou the break ( from family) il est temps de voler de ses propres ailes ; ( from job) il est temps de passer à autre chose ;8 ○ ( opportunity) chance f ; her big break came in 1973 1973 a été l'année de sa veine ○ ; he gave me a break il m'a donné ma chance ; a lucky break un coup de veine ○ ; a bad break des déboires mpl ; to give sb an even break donner sa chance à qn ;10 ( escape bid) to make a break for it ○ ( from prison) se faire la belle ○ ; to make a break for the door/the trees se précipiter vers la porte/les arbres ;11 Print line break fin f d'alinéa ; page break changement m de page ; paragraph break fin f de paragraphe ;13 (in snooker, pool) ( first shot) it's your break c'est à toi de casser ; ( series of shots) to make a 50 point break marquer une série de 50 points ;1 ( damage) casser [chair, eggs, rope, stick, toy] ; casser, briser [glass, plate, window] ; casser [machine] ; to break a tooth/a nail/a bone se casser une dent/un ongle/un os ; to break one's leg/arm se casser la jambe/le bras ; to break one's back lit se casser la colonne vertébrale ; I nearly broke my back moving the piano fig j'ai failli me briser les reins en déplaçant le piano ; to break one's neck lit avoir une rupture des vertèbres cervicales ; somebody is going to break their neck on those steps fig quelqu'un va se casser la figure sur ces marches ○ ; she broke the bottle over his head elle lui a cassé la bouteille sur la tête ;2 (split, rupture) briser [seal] ; couper [sentence, word] ; the skin is not broken il n'y a pas de plaie ; not a ripple broke the surface of the water pas une ride ne troublait la surface de l'eau ; to break surface [diver, submarine] remonter à la surface ; the river broke its banks la rivière a débordé ;3 ( interrupt) [person] rompre [silence] ; [shout, siren] déchirer [silence] ; couper [circuit, current] ; rompre [monotony, spell] ; rompre [ties, links] (with avec) ; to break one's silence sortir de son silence (on à propos de) ; to break sb's concentration déconcentrer qn ; we broke our journey in Milan nous avons fait un arrêt à Milan ; the tower breaks the line of the roof/of the horizon la tour rompt la ligne du toit/de l'horizon ; to break step rompre le pas ;4 ( disobey) enfreindre [law] ; ne pas respecter [embargo, blockade, conditions, terms] ; violer [treaty] ; désobéir à [commandment, rule] ; briser [strike] ; rompre [vow] ; manquer [appointment] ; he broke his word/promise il a manqué à sa parole/promesse ;5 (exceed, surpass) dépasser [speed limit, bounds] ; battre [record, opponent] ; franchir [speed barrier] ; briser [class barrier] ;7 fig ( destroy) [troops] briser [rebellion] ; briser [person, resistance, determination, will] ; to break sb's spirit saper le moral de qn ; to break sb's hold over sb débarrasser qn de l'emprise de qn ; discussions which aim to break this deadlock des discussions qui visent à nous sortir de cette impasse ; to break a habit se défaire d'une habitude ;8 ( ruin) ruiner [person] ; this contract will make or break the company ( financially) ce contrat fera la fortune ou la ruine de l'entreprise ; this decision will make or break me ( personally) cette décision sera mon salut ou ma perte ;9 Equit débourrer [young horse] ;10 ( in tennis) to break sb's serve faire le break ;11 Mil casser [officer] ;12 ( decipher) déchiffrer [cipher, code] ;13 ( leave) to break camp lever le camp ;14 ( announce) annoncer [news] ; révéler [truth] ; to break the news to sb apprendre la nouvelle à qn ; break it to her gently annonce-lui la nouvelle avec douceur.1 ( be damaged) [branch, chair, egg, handle, tooth, string] se casser ; [plate, glass, window] se briser ; [arm, bone, leg] se fracturer ; [bag] se déchirer ; china breaks easily la porcelaine se casse facilement ; the vase broke in two/into a thousand pieces le vase s'est brisé en deux/en mille morceaux ; the sound of breaking glass le bruit de verre brisé ;4 ( stop for a rest) faire une pause ;7 ( discontinue) to break with sb rompre les relations avec qn ; to break with a party/the church quitter un parti/l'église ; to break with tradition/convention rompre avec la tradition/les conventions ;8 ( weaken) their spirit never broke leur moral n'a jamais faibli ; to break under torture/interrogation céder sous la torture/l'interrogation ;9 ( change tone) [boy's voice] muer ; her voice breaks on the high notes sa voix s'éraille dans les aigus ; in a voice breaking with emotion d 'une voix brisée par l'émotion ;10 (in snooker, pool) casser.■ break away:1 ( become detached) [island, shell] se détacher (from de) ; to break away from [group, person] rompre avec [family, party, organization] ; [state] se séparer de [union] ; [animal] se détacher de [herd] ; [boat] rompre [moorings] ;2 ( escape) échapper (from à) ;3 Sport [runner, cyclist] se détacher (from de) ;▶ break away [sth], break [sth] away enlever [outer shell, casing].■ break down:1 ( stop functioning) [car, elevator, machine] tomber en panne ; we broke down on the main street nous sommes tombés en panne sur la grand-rue ;2 ( collapse) fig [alliance, coalition] éclater ; [negotiations] échouer ; [contact, communication] cesser ; [law and order] se dégrader ; [argument] ne pas tenir debout ; [system] s'effondrer ; [person] s'effondrer, craquer ; he broke down under the strain il a craqué sous la pression ;3 ( cry) fondre en larmes ;4 ( be classified) [cost findings, statistics] se décomposer (into en) ; the cost of the repair breaks down as follows le prix de la réparation se décompose ainsi ;5 ( decompose) [compound] se décomposer (en into) ;6 ( confess) ( under interrogation) céder ;▶ break [sth] down, break down [sth]1 ( demolish) lit enfoncer [door] ; démolir [fence, wall] ; fig faire tomber [barriers] ; vaincre [opposition, resistance, shyness] ;2 ( analyse) ventiler [budget, cost, expenses, statistics] ; décomposer [word] (into en) ; décomposer [data, findings] (into par) ; décomposer [argument] ;3 ( cause to decompose) décomposer [compound, gas] (into en) ; [enzyme, catalyst] dissoudre [protein, starch] ; [gastric juices] dissoudre [food].■ break even Fin rentrer dans ses frais.■ break free:■ break in1 ( enter forcibly) [thief] entrer (par effraction) ; [police] entrer de force ; the burglar broke in through a window le cambrioleur est entré par une fenêtre ;2 ( interrupt) interrompre ; ‘I don't want to go,’ he broke in ‘je ne veux pas y aller,’ a-t-il interrompu ; to break in on sb/sth interrompre qn/qch ;▶ break [sth] in débourrer [young horse] ; assouplir [shoe] ; to break in one's glasses s'habituer à ses lunettes ;▶ break [sb] in accoutumer [qn] au travail [recruit, newcomer] ; to break sb in gently donner le temps à qn de s'accoutumer au travail.■ break into:▶ break into [sth]1 ( enter by force) entrer dans [qch] (par effraction) [building] ; forcer la portière de [car] ; forcer [safe, till] ; her car was broken into sa voiture a été cambriolée ;2 ( start to use) entamer [new packet, new bottle, banknote, savings] ;4 ( begin to do) to break into song/cheers se mettre à chanter/acclamer ; to break into peals of laughter éclater de rire ; to break into a run/gallop se mettre à courir/au galop ;5 ( make headway) [company] s'implanter sur [market] ; [person] s'introduire dans [job market] ; [person] percer dans [show business].■ break loose [dog, horse] s'échapper (from de).■ break off:2 ( stop speaking) s'interrompre ; she broke off to answer the phone elle s'est interrompue pour répondre au téléphone ;3 ( pause) faire une pause, s'arrêter ;▶ break off [sth], break [sth] off1 ( snap) casser [branch, piece, segment, mast] ;2 ( terminate) rompre [engagement, relationship, contact, negotiations, ties] ; interrompre [conversation] ; they decided to break it off (relationship, engagement) ils ont décidé de rompre ; to break off doing arrêter de faire.■ break out:1 ( erupt) [epidemic, fire] se déclarer ; [fight, panic, riot, storm] éclater ; [rash] apparaître ; to break out in a rash ou in spots [person] avoir une éruption de boutons ; [face] se couvrir de boutons ; to break out in a sweat se mettre à transpirer ;2 ( escape) [prisoner] s'évader ; to break out of s'échapper de [cage, prison] ; sortir de [routine, vicious circle] ; se libérer de [chains, straitjacket].▶ break through [army] faire une percée ;▶ break through [sth] percer [defences, reserve] ; franchir [barrier, cordon] ; se frayer un passage à travers [crowd] ; traverser [mur] ; [sun] percer [clouds].■ break up:▶ break up1 ( disintegrate) lit [wreck] se désagréger ; fig [empire] s'effondrer ; [alliance] éclater ; [group, family, couple] se séparer ; their marriage/relationship is breaking up leur mariage/relation va mal ;3 GB Sch schools break up on Friday les cours finissent vendredi ; we break up for Christmas on Tuesday pour Noël, nous finissons mardi ;▶ break [sth] up, break up [sth] ( split up) disperser [demonstrators] ; démanteler [spy ring, drugs ring] ; séparer [team, couple] ; désunir [family] ; briser [alliance, marriage] ; démembrer [empire] ; diviser [sentence, word] (into en) ; morceler [land] ; [diagrams] aérer [text] ; mettre fin à [party, fight, demonstration] ; break it up! ( stop fighting) ça suffit maintenant! -
48 repair
1. transitive verb2) (remedy) wieder gutmachen [Schaden, Fehler]; beheben [Schaden, Mangel]2. noun1) (restoring, renovation) Reparatur, diebe beyond repair — sich nicht mehr reparieren lassen
be in good/bad repair — in gutem/schlechtem Zustand sein
* * *[ri'peə] 1. verb1) (to mend; to make (something) that is damaged or has broken down work again; to restore to good condition: to repair a broken lock / torn jacket.) reparieren2) (to put right or make up for: Nothing can repair the harm done by your foolish remarks.) wiedergutmachen2. noun1) ((often in plural) the act of repairing something damaged or broken down: I put my car into the garage for repairs; The bridge is under repair.) die Reparatur2) (a condition or state: The road is in bad repair; The house is in a good state of repair.) der Zustand•- academic.ru/61524/repairable">repairable- reparable
- reparation
- repairman* * *re·pair[rɪˈpeəʳ, AM -ˈper]I. vt1. (restore)▪ to \repair sth etw reparierento \repair a road eine Straße ausbessernto \repair a puncture eine Reifenpanne behebento \repair the ravages wrought by war die Kriegsschäden beseitigen2. (put right)▪ to \repair sth etw [wieder] in Ordnung bringento \repair the damage den Schaden wiedergutmachento \repair a friendship eine Freundschaft kitten famII. n▪ \repairs pl Reparaturarbeiten pl, Instandsetzungsarbeiten pl form (to an + dat); (specific improvement) Reparaturstelle, ausgebesserte Stelle fmy car is in the garage for \repairs mein Auto ist zur Reparatur in der Werkstattthe motorway will be under \repair until January an der Autobahn werden bis Januar Ausbesserungsarbeiten durchgeführtin need of \repair reparaturbedürftig\repair service Reparaturdienst mto make \repairs to sth etw ausbessernbeyond \repair irreparabelto be in good/bad \repair in gutem/schlechtem Zustand seinstate of \repair of building baulicher Zustandto be in an excellent/a terrible state of \repair in einem ausgezeichneten/schlimmen Zustand seinto keep sth in [very] good \repair etw [sehr gut] instand halten* * *I [rɪ'pɛə(r)] reparieren; tyre also, clothes flicken; roof, wall also, road ausbessern; (fig) error, wrong, damage wiedergutmachen; image, relations wiederherstellen2. n1) (lit) Reparatur f; (of tyre also, clothes) Flicken nt; (of roof, wall also, road) Ausbesserung f; (fig of relationship) Kitten ntto be under repair (car, ship, machine) — in Reparatur sein
the road is under repair — an der Straße wird gerade gearbeitet
beyond repair — nicht mehr zu reparieren/zu flicken/auszubessern
damaged beyond repair — irreparabel, nicht mehr zu reparieren
"road repairs" — "Straßenbauarbeiten"
"repairs while you wait" — "Sofortdienst", "Sofortreparaturen"
2) no plII(= condition)
to be in good/bad repair — in gutem/schlechtem Zustand seinvi(liter: go) sich begeben (to nach)* * *repair1 [rıˈpeə(r)]A v/t1. reparieren, (wieder) instand setzen, einen Schaden beseitigen2. ausbessern3. jemandes Gesundheit etc wiederherstellen4. ein Unrecht etc wiedergutmachen5. einen Verlust ersetzen, Schadenersatz leisten fürB s1. Reparatur f, Instandsetzung f:beyond repair nicht mehr zu reparieren, irreparabel;be under repair in Reparatur sein, repariert werden;repair bill Reparaturrechnung f;2. pl Instandsetzungsarbeiten pl, Reparaturen pl:I do all the repairs on my car ich repariere an meinem Wagen alles selbst3. Ausbesserung f4. Wiederherstellung fin good repair in gutem Zustand;a) betriebsunfähig,b) baufälligrepair2 [rıˈpeə(r)]A v/i1. (to)b) sich wenden (an akk)2. oft oder in großer Zahl gehenB s1. Zufluchtsort m, (beliebter) Aufenthaltsort2. Treffpunkt m* * *1. transitive verb1) (restore, mend) reparieren; ausbessern [Kleidung, Straße]2) (remedy) wieder gutmachen [Schaden, Fehler]; beheben [Schaden, Mangel]2. noun1) (restoring, renovation) Reparatur, die2) no pl., no art. (condition)be in good/bad repair — in gutem/schlechtem Zustand sein
* * *n.Ausbesserung f.Reparatur f. v.ausbessern v.instandsetzen v.nachbessern v.reparieren v. -
49 fall
1. noun2. intransitive verb,fall of snow/rain — Schnee-/Regenfall, der
1) fallen; [Person:] [hin]fallen, stürzen; [Pferd:] stürzenfall off something, fall down from something — von etwas [herunter]fallen
fall down [into] something — in etwas (Akk.) [hinein]fallen
fall down dead — tot umfallen
fall down the stairs — die Treppe herunter-/hinunterfallen
fall [flat] on one's face — (lit. or fig.) auf die Nase fallen (ugs.)
fall into the trap — in die Falle gehen
fall from a great height — aus großer Höhe abstürzen
rain/snow is falling — es regnet/schneit
2) (fig.) [Nacht, Dunkelheit:] hereinbrechen; [Abend:] anbrechen; [Stille:] eintreten3) (fig.): (be uttered) fallenfall from somebody's lips — über jemandes Lippen (Akk.) kommen
4) (become detached) [Blätter:] [ab]fallenfall out — [Haare, Federn:] ausfallen
5) (sink to lower level) sinken; [Barometer:] fallen; [Absatz, Verkauf:] zurückgehenfall into sin/temptation — eine Sünde begehen/der Versuchung er- od. unterliegen
6) (subside) [Wasserspiegel, Gezeitenhöhe:] fallen; [Wind:] sich legen7) (show dismay)his/her face fell — er/sie machte ein langes Gesicht (ugs.)
8) (be defeated) [Festung, Stadt:] fallen; [Monarchie, Regierung:] gestürzt werden; [Reich:] untergehenthe fortress fell to the enemy — die Festung fiel dem Feind in die Hände
9) (perish) [Soldat:] fallen10) (collapse, break) einstürzenfall to pieces, fall apart — [Buch, Wagen:] auseinander fallen
fall apart at the seams — an den Nähten aufplatzen
11) (come by chance, duty, etc.) fallen (to an + Akk.)it fell to me or to my lot to do it — das Los, es tun zu müssen, hat mich getroffen
fall into decay — [Gebäude:] verfallen
fall into a swoon or faint — in Ohnmacht fallen
12) [Auge, Strahl, Licht, Schatten:] fallen ( upon auf + Akk.)fall into or under a category — in od. unter eine Kategorie fallen
14) (occur) fallen (on auf + Akk.)Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/26285/fall_about">fall about- fall for- fall in- fall off- fall on- fall out* * *[fo:l] 1. past tense - fell; verb1) (to go down from a higher level usually unintentionally: The apple fell from the tree; Her eye fell on an old book.) fallen2) ((often with over) to go down to the ground etc from an upright position, usually by accident: She fell (over).) fallen3) (to become lower or less: The temperature is falling.) fallen4) (to happen or occur: Easter falls early this year.) stattfinden5) (to enter a certain state or condition: She fell asleep; They fell in love.) fallen6) ((formal: only with it as subject) to come as one's duty etc: It falls to me to take care of the children.) überlassen bleiben2. noun1) (the act of falling: He had a fall.) der Sturz•- falls- fallout
- his
- her face fell
- fall away
- fall back
- fall back on
- fall behind
- fall down
- fall flat
- fall for
- fall in with
- fall off
- fall on/upon
- fall out
- fall short
- fall through* * *I. NOUNshe broke her leg in the \fall sie brach sich bei dem Sturz das Beinto break sb's \fall jds Sturz abfangento have a \fall hinfallen; (harder) stürzento take a \fall stürzen; (from a horse) vom Pferd fallen2. no pl (descent) Fallen nt; of leaves Herabfallen nt geh; (drop) of an axe, a guillotine Herunterfallen nt; of a level also [Ab]sinken ntthe audience roared at the \fall of the curtain das Publikum brüllte, als der Vorhang fielat the \fall of the tide bei Ebbe fthe rise and \fall of the tide Ebbe und Flut3. METEO, GEOG\fall of earth Erdrutsch m[heavy] \falls of rain/snow [heftige] Regen-/Schneefälle\fall of rock Steinschlag m6. no pl (decrease) Rückgang m (in + gen); in support Nachlassen nt (in + gen); in a level also Sinken nt (in + gen)there was a \fall in support for his party at the last election die Unterstützung für seine Partei hat bei den letzten Wahlen nachgelassen\fall in demand/price/temperature Nachfrage-/Preis-/Temperaturrückgang mthere has been a slight \fall in the price of petrol der Benzinpreis ist leicht zurückgegangensudden \fall in price Preissturz m\fall in pressure Druckabfall m\fall in moral standards Verfall m der Sittena sharp \fall in temperature ein Temperaturabfall m, ein Temperatursturz m\fall in value Wertverlust mthe \fall of the Berlin Wall/Iron Curtain der Fall der Berliner Mauer/des Eisernen Vorhangsthe \fall of Constantinople die Eroberung Konstantinopelsthe \fall of the Roman Empire der Untergang des Römischen Reiches\fall from power Entmachtung f▪ the F\fall [of Man] der Sündenfall10. (waterfall)▪ \falls pl Wasserfall m[the] Victoria F\falls die Viktoriafälle11.▶ to be as innocent as Adam before the F\fall ( saying) so unschuldig sein wie Adam vor dem Sündenfall▶ to take a [or the] \fall for sb/sth AM ( fam) für jdn/etw die Schuld auf sich akk nehmen, für jdn/etw einstehenII. NOUN MODIFIER\fall clothing Herbstkleidung f\fall collection Herbstkollektion f\fall plowing Wintersaat fIII. INTRANSITIVE VERB<fell, fallen>1. (drop, tumble) fallen; (harder) stürzen; (topple) person hinfallen; (harder) stürzen; tree, post, pillar umfallen; (harder) umstürzenhe fell badly and broke his arm er stürzte schwer und brach sich den Armthe bridge fell into the river die Brücke stürzte ins Wasserher horse fell at a fence ihr Pferd blieb an einem Hindernis hängenthe bomb fell on the church and totally destroyed it die Bombe fiel auf die Kirche und zerstörte sie vollständigthe picture's \fallen behind the piano das Bild ist hinter das Klavier gefallento \fall into sb's/each other's arms jdm/sich in die Arme fallento \fall into bed ins Bett fallento \fall under a bus/train unter einen Bus/Zug geratento \fall to one's death in den Tod stürzento \fall on the floor/to the ground auf den Boden fallento \fall to one's knees auf die Knie fallento \fall down dead tot umfallen2. (hang) fallento \fall loosely locker fallenhis hair fell around his shoulders in golden curls sein Haar fiel ihm in goldenen Locken auf die Schulterher hair fell to her waist ihr Haar reichte ihr bis zur Taillea curl/a strand of hair fell into her face eine Locke/Strähne fiel ihr ins Gesicht▪ to \fall on sb/sth jdn/etw überfallenthe audience was still laughing as the curtain fell als der Vorhang fiel, lachte das Publikum immer nochthe snow had been \falling all day es hatte den ganzen Tag über geschneitmore rain had \fallen overnight über Nacht hatte es noch mehr geregnetdarkness \falls early in the tropics in den Tropen wird es früh dunkelnight was already \falling es begann bereits dunkel zu werdenthe blows continued to \fall on him die Schläge prasselten weiter auf ihn niederthe axe looks likely to \fall on 500 jobs 500 Stellen werden wahrscheinlich gestrichen werdensilence fell on the group of men [ein] Schweigen überfiel die Männer4. (slope) [steil] abfallen5. (decrease) sinken; price, temperature, pressure, value also fallen; demand, sales, numbers also zurückgehen; ( fig) barometer fallenwater supplies have \fallen to danger levels der Wasservorrat ist auf einen gefährlich niedrigen Stand abgesunkenthe attendance fell well below the expected figure die Besucherzahlen blieben weit hinter den erwarteten Zahlen zurückchurch attendance has \fallen dramatically die Anzahl der Kirchenbesucher ist drastisch zurückgegangen [o gesunken]\falling prices pl Preisrückgang m6. (be defeated) government, regime, politician gestürzt werden; empire untergehen; city, town eingenommen werden, fallento \fall from power seines Amtes enthoben werden▪ to \fall to sb jdm in die Hände fallenBasildon finally fell to Labour at the last election Basildon fiel in der letzten Wahl Labour zu7. (lose a position, status) fallento \fall in the charts/the table in den Charts/der Tabelle fallento have \fallen to the bottom of the league table ganz unten in der Tabelle stehento \fall in sb's estimation in jds Achtung sinken8. (fail)to stand or \fall on sth mit etw dat stehen und fallenthe proposal will stand or \fall on the possible tax breaks der Vorschlag wird mit den zu erwartenden Steuervergünstigungen stehen und fallen10. (be) liegenEaster \falls early/late this year Ostern ist dieses Jahr früh/spätthis year, my birthday \falls on a Monday diese Jahr fällt mein Geburtstag auf einen Montagthe accent \falls on the second syllable der Akzent liegt auf der zweiten Silbe11. (belong)to \fall into a category/class in [o unter] eine Kategorie/Klasse fallenthis matter \falls outside the area for which we are responsible diese Sache fällt nicht in unseren Zuständigkeitsbereichthat side of the business \falls under my department dieser Geschäftsteil fällt in meinen Zuständigkeitsbereichthat \falls under the heading... das fällt unter die Rubrik...any offence committed in this state \falls within the jurisdiction of this court jedes Vergehen, das in diesem Staat begangen wird, fällt in den Zuständigkeitsbereich dieses Gerichts12. (be divided)the text \falls into three sections der Text gliedert sich in drei Kategorien13. (become)to \fall prey [or victim] to sb/sth jdm/etw zum Opfer fallento \fall asleep einschlafento \fall due fällig seinto \fall foul of sb mit jdm Streit bekommento \fall foul of a law [or regulation] ein Gesetz übertretento \fall ill [or sick] krank werdento \fall open aufklappento \fall silent verstummento \fall vacant frei werden14. (enter a particular state)to \fall into debt sich akk verschuldento \fall into disrepair [or decay] verkommento \fall into disrepute in Misskredit geratento \fall into disuse nicht mehr benutzt werdento \fall in love [with sb/sth] sich akk [in jdn/etw] verliebento \fall out of love [with sb/sth] nicht mehr [in jdn/etw] verliebt seinto \fall into a reflective mood ins Grübeln kommento have \fallen under the spell of sb/sth von jdm/etw verzaubert sein15.▶ to \fall on deaf ears auf taube Ohren stoßen▶ sb's face fell jd machte ein langes Gesicht▶ to \fall on hard times harte Zeiten durchleben▶ to \fall into place (work out) sich akk von selbst ergeben; (make sense) einen Sinn ergeben, [einen] Sinn machen fam▶ to \fall short [of sth] etw nicht erreichen▶ to \fall short of sb's expectations hinter jds Erwartungen zurückbleiben▶ to \fall into a/sb's trap in die/jdm in die Falle gehenI was afraid that I might be \falling into a trap ich hatte Angst, in eine Falle zu laufenthey fell into the trap of overestimating their own ability sie haben ihre eigenen Fähigkeiten völlig überschätzt▶ to \fall to a whisper in einen Flüsterton verfallen* * *[fɔːl] vb: pret fell, ptp fallen1. nto have a fall — (hin)fallen, stürzen
2) (= defeat of town, fortress etc) Einnahme f, Eroberung f; (of Troy) Fall m; (of country) Zusammenbruch m; (of government) Sturz m3)fall of rain/snow — Regen-/Schneefall m
4) (of night) Einbruch m5) (= lowering) Sinken nt; (in temperature) Abfall m, Sinken nt; (sudden) Sturz m; (of barometer) Fallen nt; (sudden) Sturz m; (in wind) Nachlassen nt; (in revs, population, membership) Abnahme f; (in graph) Abfall m; (in morals) Verfall m; (of prices, currency, gradual) Sinken nt; (sudden) Sturz m10) (US: autumn) Herbst min the fall — im Herbst
2. vi1) (lit, fig: tumble) fallen; (SPORT, from a height, badly) stürzen; (object, to the ground) herunterfallen2) (= hang down hair, clothes etc) fallen3) (snow, rain) fallen4) (= drop temperature, price) fallen, sinken; (population, membership etc) abnehmen; (voice) sich senken; (wind) sich legen, nachlassen; (land) abfallen; (graph, curve, rate) abnehmen; (steeply) abfallento fall in sb's estimation or eyes — in jds Achtung (dat) sinken
5) (= be defeated country) eingenommen werden; (city, fortress) fallen, erobert or eingenommen werden; (government, ruler) gestürzt werdento fall to the enemy — vom Feind eingenommen werden; (fortress, town also) vom Feind erobert werden
6) (= be killed) fallen9) (= occur birthday, Easter etc) fallen (on auf +acc); (accent) liegen (on auf +dat); (= be classified) gehören (under in +acc), fallen (under unter +acc)that falls within/outside the scope of... — das fällt in/nicht in den Bereich +gen..., das liegt innerhalb/außerhalb des Bereichs +gen...
10) (= be naturally divisible) zerfallen, sich gliedern (into in +acc)11) (fig)where do you think the responsibility/blame for that will fall? — wem wird Ihrer Meinung nach die Verantwortung dafür/die Schuld daran gegeben?
12) (= become) werdento fall ill — krank werden, erkranken (geh)
to fall out of love with sb — aufhören, jdn zu lieben
13)(= pass into a certain state)
to fall into decline (building) — verkommen; (economy) schlechter werdento fall into a state of unconsciousness — das Bewusstsein verlieren, in Ohnmacht fallen
to fall apart or to pieces (chairs, cars, book etc) — aus dem Leim gehen (inf); (clothes, curtains) sich in Wohlgefallen auflösen (inf); (house) verfallen; (system, company, sb's life) aus den Fugen geraten or gehen
I fell apart when he left me — meine Welt brach zusammen, als er mich verließ
14)* * *fall [fɔːl]A s1. Fall m, Sturz m, Fallen n:a) verwegen reiten,take the fall for sb umg für jemanden den Kopf hinhalten2. a) (Ab)Fallen n (der Blätter etc)b) besonders US Herbst m:in fall im Herbst;fall weather Herbstwetter n3. Fall m, Herabfallen n, Faltenwurf m (von Stoff)4. Fallen n (des Vorhangs)5. TECH Niedergang m (des Kolbens etc)6. Zusammenfallen n, Einsturz m (eines Gebäudes)7. PHYSb) Fallhöhe f, -strecke f8. a) (Regen-, Schnee) Fall mb) Regen-, Schnee-, Niederschlagsmenge f9. Fallen n, Sinken n (der Flut, Temperatur etc):a sharp fall ein starkes Gefälle12. An-, Einbruch m (der Nacht etc)13. Fall m, Sturz m, Nieder-, Untergang m, Verfall m, Ende n:the fall of Troy der Fall von Troja;14. a) (moralischer) Verfallb) Fall m, Fehltritt m:15. JAGDa) Fall m, Tod m (von Wild)b) Falle f16. AGR, ZOOL Wurf m (Lämmer etc)win by fall Schultersieg m;try a fall with sb fig sich mit jemandem messenB v/i prät fell [fel], pperf fallen [ˈfɔːlən]1. fallen:the curtain falls der Vorhang fällt3. (herunter)fallen, abstürzen:he fell to his death er stürzte tödlich ab4. (um-, hin-, nieder)fallen, stürzen, zu Fall kommen, zu Boden fallen (Person):5. umfallen, -stürzen (Baum etc)6. (in Locken oder Falten etc) (herab)fallen7. fig fallen:a) (im Krieg) umkommenb) erobert werden (Stadt)c) gestürzt werden (Regierung)d) (moralisch) sinkene) die Unschuld verlieren, einen Fehltritt begehen (Frau)f) SPORT gebrochen werden (Rekord etc)8. fig fallen, sinken (Flut, Preis, Temperatur etc):the temperature has fallen (by) 10 degrees die Temperatur ist um 10 Grad gesunken;the wind falls der Wind legt sich oder lässt nach;his courage fell sein Mut sank;his voice (eyes) fell er senkte die Stimme (den Blick);his face fell er machte ein langes Gesicht;9. abfallen (toward[s] zu … hin) (Gelände etc)11. (zeitlich) eintreten, fallen:12. sich ereignen13. hereinbrechen (Nacht etc)14. fig fallen (Worte etc):the remark fell from him er ließ die Bemerkung fallen15. krank, fällig etc werden:fall heir to sth etwas erben* * *1. noun2. intransitive verb,fall of snow/rain — Schnee-/Regenfall, der
1) fallen; [Person:] [hin]fallen, stürzen; [Pferd:] stürzenfall off something, fall down from something — von etwas [herunter]fallen
fall down [into] something — in etwas (Akk.) [hinein]fallen
fall down the stairs — die Treppe herunter-/hinunterfallen
fall [flat] on one's face — (lit. or fig.) auf die Nase fallen (ugs.)
rain/snow is falling — es regnet/schneit
2) (fig.) [Nacht, Dunkelheit:] hereinbrechen; [Abend:] anbrechen; [Stille:] eintreten3) (fig.): (be uttered) fallenfall from somebody's lips — über jemandes Lippen (Akk.) kommen
4) (become detached) [Blätter:] [ab]fallenfall out — [Haare, Federn:] ausfallen
5) (sink to lower level) sinken; [Barometer:] fallen; [Absatz, Verkauf:] zurückgehenfall into sin/temptation — eine Sünde begehen/der Versuchung er- od. unterliegen
6) (subside) [Wasserspiegel, Gezeitenhöhe:] fallen; [Wind:] sich legenhis/her face fell — er/sie machte ein langes Gesicht (ugs.)
8) (be defeated) [Festung, Stadt:] fallen; [Monarchie, Regierung:] gestürzt werden; [Reich:] untergehen9) (perish) [Soldat:] fallen10) (collapse, break) einstürzenfall to pieces, fall apart — [Buch, Wagen:] auseinander fallen
11) (come by chance, duty, etc.) fallen (to an + Akk.)it fell to me or to my lot to do it — das Los, es tun zu müssen, hat mich getroffen
fall into decay — [Gebäude:] verfallen
fall into a swoon or faint — in Ohnmacht fallen
12) [Auge, Strahl, Licht, Schatten:] fallen ( upon auf + Akk.)fall into or under a category — in od. unter eine Kategorie fallen
14) (occur) fallen (on auf + Akk.)Phrasal Verbs:- fall for- fall in- fall off- fall on- fall out* * *(US) n.Herbst -e m. (of a regime, society) n.Verfall -¨e m. n.Fall ¨-e m.Sturz ¨-e m. v.(§ p.,p.p.: fell, fallen)= absinken v.fallen v.(§ p.,pp.: fiel, ist gefallen)purzeln v.stürzen v. -
50 near
1. adverb1) (at a short distance) nah[e]stand/live [quite] near — [ganz] in der Nähe stehen/wohnen
come or draw near/nearer — [Tag, Zeitpunkt:] nahen/näherrücken
near at hand — in Reichweite (Dat.); [Ort] ganz in der Nähe
be near at hand — [Ereignis:] nahe bevorstehen
so near and yet so far — so nah und doch so fern
2) (closely)2. preposition1) (in space) (position) nahe an/bei (+ Dat.); (motion) nahe an (+ Akk.); (fig.) nahe (geh.) nachgestellt (+ Dat.); in der Nähe (+ Gen.)go near the water's edge — nahe ans Ufer gehen
keep near me — halte dich od. bleib in meiner Nähe
near where... — in der Nähe od. unweit der Stelle (Gen.), wo...
move it nearer her — rücke es näher zu ihr
don't stand so near the fire — geh nicht so nahe od. dicht an das Feuer
when we got nearer Oxford — als wir in die Nähe von Oxford kamen
wait till we're nearer home — warte, bis wir nicht mehr so weit von zu Hause weg sind
the man near/nearest you — der Mann, der bei dir/der dir am nächsten steht
nobody comes anywhere near him at swimming — im Schwimmen kommt bei weitem keiner an ihn heran
we're no nearer solving the problem — wir sind der Lösung des Problems nicht nähergekommen
3) (in time)near the end/the beginning of something — gegen Ende/zu Anfang einer Sache (Gen.)
4) in comb. Beinahe[unfall, -zusammenstoß, -katastrophe]be in a state of near-collapse — kurz vor dem Zusammenbruch stehen
3. adjectivea near-miracle — fast od. beinahe ein Wunder
£30 or near/nearest offer — 30 Pfund oder nächstbestes Angebot
this is the nearest equivalent — dies entspricht dem am ehesten
that's the nearest you'll get to an answer — eine weitergehende Antwort wirst du nicht bekommen
near escape — Entkommen mit knapper Not
round it up to the nearest penny — runde es auf den nächsthöheren Pfennigbetrag
be a near miss — [Schuss, Wurf:] knapp danebengehen
that was a near miss — (escape) das war aber knapp!
4)the near side — (Brit.) (travelling on the left/right) die linke/rechte Seite
5) (direct)4. transitive verbsich nähern (+ Dat.)* * *[niə] 1. adjective1) (not far away in place or time: The station is quite near; Christmas is getting near.) nahe2) (not far away in relationship: He is a near relation.) nahe2. adverb1) (to or at a short distance from here or the place mentioned: He lives quite near.) nahe3. preposition(at a very small distance from (in place, time etc): She lives near the church; It was near midnight when they arrived.) nahe4. verb(to come near (to): The roads became busier as they neared the town; as evening was nearing.) sich nähren- academic.ru/49300/nearly">nearly- nearness
- nearby
- nearside
- near-sighted
- a near miss* * *[nɪəʳ, AM nɪr]I. adj1. (close in space) nahe, in der Nähewhere's the \nearest phone box? wo ist die nächste Telefonzelle?in the \near distance [ganz] in der Nähe2. (close in time) nahein the \near future in der nahen Zukunft3. (most similar)▪ \nearest am nächstenwalking in these boots is the \nearest thing to floating on air in diesen Stiefeln läuft man fast wie auf Wattethis was the \nearest equivalent to cottage cheese I could find von allem, was ich auftreiben konnte, ist das hier Hüttenkäse am ähnlichstenhe rounded up the sum to the \nearest dollar er rundete die Summe auf den nächsten Dollar aufhe was in a state of \near despair er war der Verzweiflung nahethat's a \near certainty/impossibility das ist so gut wie sicher/unmöglicha \near catastrophe/collision eine Beinahekatastrophe/ein Beinahezusammenstoß mhe's a \near neighbour er gehört zu der unmittelbaren Nachbarschaft\near relative enge[r] [o nahe[r]] Verwandte[r]7.▶ a \near thing:that was a \near thing! it could have been a disaster das war aber knapp! es hätte ein Unglück geben könnenshe won in the end but it was a \near thing am Ende hat sie doch noch gewonnen, aber es war knappII. adv1. (close in space) nahedo you live somewhere \near? wohnst du hier irgendwo in der Nähe?I wish we lived \nearer ich wünschte, wir würden näher beieinanderwohnenI was standing just \near enough to hear what he was saying ich stand gerade nah genug, um zu hören, was er sagte2. (close in time) nahethe time is drawing \nearer die Zeit rückt näher3. (almost) beinahe, fasta \near perfect performance eine fast perfekte VorstellungI \near fell out or the chair ich wäre beinahe vom Stuhl gefallenas \near as:as \near as he could recall, the burglar had been tall soweit er sich erinnern konnte, war der Einbrecher groß gewesenI'm as \near certain as can be ich bin mir so gut wie sicherthere were about 60 people at the party, as \near as I could judge ich schätze, es waren so um die 60 Leute auf der Party\near enough ( fam) fast, beinaheshe's been here 10 years, \near enough sie ist seit 10 Jahren hier, so ungefähr jedenfallsthey're the same age or \near enough sie haben so ungefähr dasselbe Alternowhere [or not anywhere] \near bei Weitem nichthis income is nowhere \near enough to live on sein Einkommen reicht bei Weitem nicht zum Leben [aus]he's not anywhere \near as [or so] tall as his sister er ist längst nicht so groß wie seine Schwester4.it will cost £200, or as \near as dammit so Pi mal Daumen gerechnet wird es etwa 200 Pfund kostenIII. prep1. (in proximity to)he stood \near her er stand nahe [o dicht] bei ihrdo you live \near here? wohnen Sie hier in der Nähe?we live quite \near [to] a school wir wohnen in unmittelbarer Nähe einer Schulethe house was nowhere \near the port das Haus lag nicht mal in der Nähe des Hafensdon't come too \near me, you might catch my cold komm mir nicht zu nahe, du könntest dich mit meiner Erkältung ansteckenwhich bus stop is \nearest [to] your house? welche Bushaltestelle ist von deinem Haus aus die nächste?go and sit \nearer [to] the fire komm, setz dich näher ans Feuerthere's a car park \near the factory bei [o in der Nähe] der Fabrik gibt es einen ParkplatzI shan't be home till some time \near midnight ich werde erst so um Mitternacht zurück seinit's nowhere \near time for us to leave yet es ist noch längst nicht Zeit für uns zu gehenI'm nowhere \near finishing the book ich habe das Buch noch längst nicht ausgelesendetails will be given \near the date die Einzelheiten werden kurz vor dem Termin bekanntgegebenhis birthday is very \near Easter er hat kurz vor Ostern GeburtstagI'll think about it \nearer [to] the time wenn die Zeit reif ist, dann werde ich drüber nachdenken\near the end of the war gegen Kriegsende3. (close to a state) nahewe came \near to being killed wir wären beinahe getötet wordenthey came \near to blows over the election results sie hätten sich fast geprügelt wegen der Wahlergebnisse\near to starvation/dehydration nahe dem Verhungern/Verdursten\near to tears den Tränen nahe4. (similar in quantity or quality)he's \nearer 70 than 60 er ist eher 70 als 60this colour is \nearest [to] the original diese Farbe kommt dem Original am nächstennobody else comes \near him in cooking was das Kochen angeht, da kommt keiner an ihn ran5. (about ready to)I am \near to losing my temper ich verliere gleich die Geduldhe came \near to punching him er hätte ihn beinahe geschlagen6. (like)he felt something \near envy er empfand so etwas wie Neidwhat he said was nothing \near the truth was er sagte, entsprach nicht im Entferntesten der Wahrheit7. (almost amount of) annähernd, fastit weighed \near to a pound es wog etwas weniger als ein Pfundtemperatures \near 30 degrees Temperaturen von etwas unter 30 Gradprofits fell from £8 million to \nearer £6 million die Gewinne sind von 8 Millionen auf gerade mal 6 Millionen zurückgegangenIV. vtwe \neared the top of the mountain wir kamen dem Gipfel des Berges immer näherto \near completion kurz vor der Vollendung stehenlunchtime is \nearing es ist bald Mittagszeitas Christmas \neared, little Susan became more and more excited als Weihnachten nahte, wurde die kleine Susan immer aufgeregter* * *[nɪə(r)] (+er)1. ADVERB1) = close in space or time nahedon't sit/stand so near — setzen Sie sich/stehen Sie nicht so nahe (daran)
you live nearer/nearest — du wohnst näher/am nächsten
to move/come nearer — näher kommen
that was the nearest I ever got to seeing him — da hätte ich ihn fast gesehen
that's the nearest I ever got to being fired — da hätte nicht viel gefehlt und ich wäre rausgeworfen worden
the nearer it gets to the election, the more they look like losing — je näher die Wahl kommt or rückt, desto mehr sieht es danach aus, dass sie verlieren werden __diams; to be near at hand zur Hand sein; (shops) in der Nähe sein; (help) ganz nahe sein; (event) unmittelbar bevorstehen
2) = closely, accurately genauas near as I can tell —
(that's) near enough — so gehts ungefähr, das haut so ungefähr hin (inf)
... no, but near enough —... nein, aber es ist nicht weit davon entfernt
4)it's nowhere near enough — das ist bei Weitem nicht genugwe're not any nearer (to) solving the problem — wir sind der Lösung des Problems kein bisschen näher gekommen
we're nowhere or not anywhere near finishing the book —
you are nowhere or not anywhere near the truth — das ist weit gefehlt, du bist weit von der Wahrheit entfernt
he is nowhere or not anywhere near as clever as you — er ist lange or bei Weitem nicht so klug wie du
2. PREPOSITION(also ADV: near to)1) = close to position nahe an (+dat), nahe (+dat); (with motion) nahe an (+acc); (= in the vicinity of) in der Nähe von or +gen; (with motion) in die Nähe von or +genmove the chair near/nearer (to) the table — rücken Sie den Stuhl an den/näher an den Tisch
to get near/nearer (to) sb/sth — nahe/näher an jdn/etw herankommen
to stand near/nearer (to) the table — nahe/näher am Tisch stehen
he won't go near anything illegal —
near here/there — hier/dort in der Nähe
near (to) where I had seen him — nahe der Stelle, wo ich ihn gesehen hatte
to be nearest to sth — einer Sache (dat) am nächsten sein
take the chair nearest (to) you/the table — nehmen Sie den Stuhl direkt neben Ihnen/dem Tisch
that's nearer it —
the adaptation is very near (to) the original — die Bearbeitung hält sich eng ans Original
to be near (to) sb's heart or sb — jdm am Herzen liegen
to be near (to) the knuckle or bone (joke) — gewagt sein; (remark) hart an der Grenze sein
2) = close in time with time stipulated gegennear (to) the appointed time — um die ausgemachte Zeit herum
come back nearer (to) 3 o'clock —
to be nearer/nearest (to) sth — einer Sache (dat) zeitlich näher liegen/am nächsten liegen
near (to) the end of my stay/the play/the book — gegen Ende meines Aufenthalts/des Stücks/des Buchs
as it drew near/nearer (to) his departure — als seine Abreise heranrückte/näher heranrückte
3)= on the point of
to be near (to) doing sth — nahe daran sein, etw zu tunto be near (to) tears/despair etc — den Tränen/der Verzweiflung etc nahe sein
she was near (to) laughing out loud — sie hätte beinahe laut gelacht
the project is near/nearer (to) completion —
he came near to ruining his chances — er hätte sich seine Chancen beinahe verdorben, es hätte nicht viel gefehlt, und er hätte sich seine Chancen verdorben
we were near to being drowned — wir waren dem Ertrinken nahe, wir wären beinahe ertrunken
4) = similar to ähnlich (+dat)German is nearer (to) Dutch than English is — Deutsch ist dem Holländischen ähnlicher als Englisch
it's the same thing or near it —
nobody comes anywhere near him at swimming (inf) — im Schwimmen kann es niemand mit ihm aufnehmen (inf)
3. ADJECTIVE1) = close in space or time naheto be near (person, object) — in der Nähe sein; (danger, end, help) nahe sein; (event, departure, festival) bevorstehen
to be very near — ganz in der Nähe sein; (in time) nahe or unmittelbar bevorstehen; (danger etc) ganz nahe sein
to be nearer/nearest — näher/am nächsten sein; (event etc) zeitlich näher/am nächsten liegen
it looks very near —
his answer was nearer than mine/nearest — seine Antwort traf eher zu als meine/traf die Sachlage am ehesten
when death is so near — wenn man dem Tod nahe ist
these events are still very near —
the hour is near (when...) (old) her hour was near (old) — die Stunde ist nahe(, da...) (old) ihre Stunde war nahe (old)
a near disaster/accident — beinahe or fast ein Unglück nt/ein Unfall m
his nearest rival — sein schärfster Rivale, seine schärfste Rivalin
to be in a state of near collapse/hysteria — am Rande eines Zusammenbruchs/der Hysterie sein
£50 or nearest offer (Comm) — Verhandlungsbasis £ 50
we'll sell it for £50, or nearest offer — wir verkaufen es für £ 50 oder das nächstbeste Angebot
this is the nearest translation you'll get — besser kann man es kaum übersetzen, diese Übersetzung trifft es noch am ehesten
that's the nearest thing you'll get to a compliment/an answer — ein besseres Kompliment/eine bessere Antwort kannst du kaum erwarten
4. TRANSITIVE VERBsich nähern (+dat)to be nearing sth (fig) — auf etw (acc) zugehen
5. INTRANSITIVE VERB(time, event) näher rückenthe time is nearing when... — die Zeit rückt näher, da...
* * *near [nıə(r)]A adv1. nahe, (ganz) in der Nähe, dicht dabei2. nahe (bevorstehend) (Zeitpunkt, Ereignis etc)3. nahe (heran), näher:4. nahezu, beinahe, fast:£1,000 is not anywhere near enough 1000 Pfund sind bei Weitem nicht genug oder sind auch nicht annähernd genug;not anywhere near as bad as nicht annähernd so schlecht wie, bei Weitem nicht so schlecht wie5. obs sparsam:6. fig eng (verwandt, befreundet etc)1. nahe (gelegen), in der Nähe:the nearest place der nächstgelegene Ort2. kurz, nahe:the nearest way der kürzeste Weg3. nahe (Zeitpunkt, Ereignis etc):4. nahe (verwandt):the nearest relations die nächsten Verwandten5. eng (befreundet oder vertraut):a near friend ein guter oder enger Freund;my nearest and dearest friend mein bester Freund;my nearest and dearest meine Lieben6. knapp:we had a near escape wir sind mit knapper Not entkommen;a) knapp danebengehen (Schuss etc),b) fig knapp scheitern;7. genau, wörtlich, wortgetreu (Übersetzung etc)8. umg knaus(e)rigC präpnear sb in jemandes Nähe;a house near the station ein Haus in Bahnhofsnähe;get near the end of one’s career sich dem Ende seiner Laufbahn nähern;near completion der Vollendung nahe, nahezu fertiggestellt;a) nicht weit von hier,b) hier in der Nähe;his opinion is very near my own wir sind fast der gleichen Meinung;2. (zeitlich) nahe, nicht weit vonD v/t & v/i sich nähern, näher kommen (dat):a) → A 1,a) sich ungefähr belaufen auf (akk),b) einer Sache sehr nahe oder fast gleichkommen, fast etwas sein she came near to tears sie war den Tränen nahe, sie hätte fast geweint;* * *1. adverb1) (at a short distance) nah[e]stand/live [quite] near — [ganz] in der Nähe stehen/wohnen
come or draw near/nearer — [Tag, Zeitpunkt:] nahen/näherrücken
near at hand — in Reichweite (Dat.); [Ort] ganz in der Nähe
be near at hand — [Ereignis:] nahe bevorstehen
2) (closely)2. prepositionnear to = 2 a, b, c; we were near to being drowned — wir wären fast od. beinah[e] ertrunken
1) (in space) (position) nahe an/bei (+ Dat.); (motion) nahe an (+ Akk.); (fig.) nahe (geh.) nachgestellt (+ Dat.); in der Nähe (+ Gen.)keep near me — halte dich od. bleib in meiner Nähe
near where... — in der Nähe od. unweit der Stelle (Gen.), wo...
don't stand so near the fire — geh nicht so nahe od. dicht an das Feuer
wait till we're nearer home — warte, bis wir nicht mehr so weit von zu Hause weg sind
the man near/nearest you — der Mann, der bei dir/der dir am nächsten steht
2) (in quality)3) (in time)ask me again nearer the time — frag mich, wenn der Zeitpunkt etwas näher gerückt ist, noch einmal
near the end/the beginning of something — gegen Ende/zu Anfang einer Sache (Gen.)
4) in comb. Beinahe[unfall, -zusammenstoß, -katastrophe]3. adjectivea near-miracle — fast od. beinahe ein Wunder
1) (in space or time) nahe2) (closely related) nahe [Verwandte]; eng [Freund]3) (in nature) fast richtig [Vermutung]; groß [Ähnlichkeit]£30 or near/nearest offer — 30 Pfund oder nächstbestes Angebot
be a near miss — [Schuss, Wurf:] knapp danebengehen
that was a near miss — (escape) das war aber knapp!
4)the near side — (Brit.) (travelling on the left/right) die linke/rechte Seite
5) (direct)4. transitive verbsich nähern (+ Dat.)* * *adj.nah adj. prep.nächst präp. -
51 affair
affair [əˈfεər]1. nouna. ( = event, concern) affaire fb. ( = love affair) liaison f2. plural noun• to put one's affairs in order ( = business) mettre de l'ordre dans ses affaires ; ( = belongings) mettre ses affaires en ordre* * *[ə'feə(r)] 1.1) (event, incident, thing) affaire f2) ( matter) affaire fat first the conflict seemed a small affair — au début, le conflit ne paraissait pas grave
3) ( relationship) liaison f ( with avec); ( casual) aventure f4) ( concern) affaire f2.affairs plural noun1) Politics, Journalism affaires fpl2) ( business) affaires fpl -
52 public broadcasting service
1) СМИ., гос. упр. общественное вещание (вещание некоммерческих СМИ на средства, собранные со слушателей и телезрителей)2) СМИ, гос. упр. = !"может быть, просто ""public broadcasting"", а не ""public broadcasting service""?"!"The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a non-profit public broadcasting television service with 354 member TV stations in the United States, with some member stations available over the air and by cable in Canada. While the term ""broadcasting"" encompasses both radio and television, PBS only covers TV; public radio in the United States is served by National Public Radio, as well as content providers American Public Media, and Public Radio International."PBS was founded on November 3, 1969,[1\] at which time it took over many of the functions of its predecessor, National Educational Television (NET) (which merged with station WNDT Newark, New Jersey to form WNET). It commenced broadcasting on Monday, October 5, 1970. In 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations.PBS is a non-profit, private corporation which is owned collectively by its member stations.[2\] However, its operations are largely funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Its headquarters are in Arlington, Virginia.Unlike the commercial television broadcast model of American networks such as ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, The CW and MyNetworkTV, in which affiliates give up portions of their local advertising airtime in exchange for network programming, PBS member stations pay substantial fees for the shows acquired and distributed by the national organization."This relationship means that PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial counterparts. Scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly from market to market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism and PBS strives to market a consistent national line-up. However, PBS has a policy of ""common carriage"" requiring most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common schedule, so that they can be more effectively marketed on a national basis. This setup is in many ways similar to the pre-2002 British ITV system of having some ""networked"" programs shown nationwide on all network contractors, and the remainder of scheduling being up to individual affiliates." "Unlike its radio counterpart, National Public Radio, PBS has no central program production arm or news department. All of the programming carried by PBS, whether news, documentary, or entertainment, is created by (or in most cases produced under contract with) other parties, such as individual member stations. WGBH in Boston is one of the largest producers of educational programming. News programs are produced by WETA-TV in Washington, D.C., WNET in New York and WPBT in Miami. The Charlie Rose interview show, Secrets of the Dead, NOW, Nature, Cyberchase, and The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer come from or through WNET in New York. Once a program is offered to and accepted by PBS for distribution, PBS (and not the member station that supplied the program) retains exclusive rights for rebroadcasts during the period for which such rights were granted; the suppliers do maintain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, and sometimes PBS licensed merchandise (but sometimes grant such ancillary rights as well to PBS)." "PBS stations are commonly operated by non-profit organizations, state agencies, local authorities (e.g., municipal boards of education), or universities in their community of license. In some states, PBS stations throughout the entire state may be organized into a single regional ""subnetwork"" (e.g., Alabama Public Television). Unlike Canada's CBC/SRC, PBS does not own any of the stations that broadcast its programming. This is partly due to the origins of the PBS stations themselves, and partly due to historical license issues."In the modern broadcast marketplace, this organizational structure is considered outmoded by some media critics. A common restructuring proposal is to reorganize the network so that each state would have one PBS affiliate which would broadcast state-wide. However, this proposal is controversial, as it would reduce local community input into PBS programming, especially considering how PBS stations are significantly more community-oriented, according to the argument, than their commercial counterparts.* * *Англо-русский экономический словарь > public broadcasting service
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53 marriage
nounproposal or offer of marriage — Heiratsantrag, der
uncle/cousin by marriage — angeheirateter Onkel/Cousin
marriage ceremony — Trauzeremonie, die; Eheschließung, die
* * *['mæri‹]1) (the ceremony by which a man and woman become husband and wife: Their marriage took place last week; ( also adjective) the marriage ceremony.) die Hochzeit; Hochzeits-...2) (the state of being married; married life: Their marriage lasted for thirty happy years.) die Ehe3) (a close joining together: the marriage of his skill and her judgement.) die Verbindung•- academic.ru/45325/marriageable">marriageable- marriage licence* * *mar·riagen\marriage ceremony Trauungszeremonie fI would call it a \marriage made in heaven ( esp hum) ich glaube, diese Ehe wurde im Himmel geschlossenshe has two daughters by her first \marriage sie hat zwei Töchter aus erster Eheafter the break-up of her \marriage... nachdem ihre Ehe gescheitert war,...an arranged \marriage eine arrangierte Eheto have a happy \marriage eine glückliche Ehe führenin Denmark it is possible for people of the same gender to have a \marriage in Dänemark können auch gleichgeschlechtliche Paare heiraten\marriage into a family/the nobility Einheirat f in eine Familie/den Adelsstandsame-sex \marriage gleichgeschlechtliche Ehestate of \marriage Ehestand mrelated by \marriage miteinander verschwägert* * *['mrɪdZ]nto be related by marriage (in-laws) — miteinander verschwägert sein; (others) miteinander verwandt sein
2) (fig) Verbindung f* * *marriage [ˈmærıdʒ] sto mit):by marriage angeheiratet;related by marriage verschwägert;of his (her) first marriage aus erster Ehe;contract a marriage die Ehe eingehen;give sb in marriage jemanden verheiraten;take sb in marriage jemanden heiraten;a marriage of ideas eine Gedankenverbindung4. Mariage f:* * *noun1) Ehe, die (to mit)proposal or offer of marriage — Heiratsantrag, der
uncle/cousin by marriage — angeheirateter Onkel/Cousin
marriage ceremony — Trauzeremonie, die; Eheschließung, die
* * *n.Ehe -n f.Heirat -en f.Hochzeit -en f.Trauung -en f.Vermählung f. -
54 in
[ɪn] prepthe butter is \in the fridge die Butter ist im Kühlschrank;they live \in a cottage sie wohnen in einer Hütte;to be \in bed im Bett sein;to ride \in a car [im] Auto fahren;he likes swimming \in lakes er schwimmt gerne in Seen;it was covered \in dirt es war mit Schmutz überzogen;to lie \in the sun in der Sonne baden [o liegen];to find information \in the internet Informationen im Internet finden;she has over $100,000 \in a savings account sie hat über $100.000 auf einem Sparkonto;I've got a pain \in my back ich habe Schmerzen im Rücken;\in sb's head in jds Kopf;I never know what's going on \in her head ich weiß nie, was in ihrem Kopf vorgeht;to be \in hospital im Krankenhaus sein;to be \in and out of sth immer wieder in etw dat sein;she's been \in and out of hospitals ever since the accident sie war seit dem Unfall immer wieder im Krankenhausthere are several gangs \in my neighbourhood in meiner Umgebung gab es mehrere Gangs;down below \in the valley unten im Tal;I got stuck \in a traffic jam ich bin in einen Stau gekommen;to stand \in the road auf der Straße sehen;the ducks swam \in the pond die Enten schwammen im Teich;I live \in New York ich lebe in New York;to look at oneself \in the mirror sich akk im Spiegel betrachten;\in the middle of sth in der Mitte von etw dat\in the window im Fenster;the lady stood \in the doorway die Frau stand im Eingangto get \in the car ins Auto steigen;I just put too much milk \in my coffee ich habe zu viel Milch in meinen Kaffee getan;they decided to invest their savings \in stocks sie entschieden sich dazu, ihre Ersparnisse in Aktien anzulegen;to invest \in the future in die Zukunft investieren5) (Am) (at) auf +dat;is Erika still \in school? ist Erika noch auf der Schule?;Boris is \in college Boris ist auf dem Collegewho's the woman \in that painting? wer ist die Frau auf diesem Bild?;he was singer \in a band er war Sänger in einer Band;over 20 horses were \in the race an dem Rennen nahmen 20 Pferde teil;he looked for her face \in the crowd er suchte ihre Gesicht in der Menge;these themes can often be found \in Schiller diese Themen kommen bei Schiller oft vor;what do you look for \in a relationship? was erwartest du in einer Beziehung?;you're with us \in our thoughts wir denken an dich7) ( involved with)\in sth in etw dat;she works \in publishing sie arbeitet bei einem Verlag;they enlisted \in the army for two years sie verpflichteten sich für zwei Jahre als Soldaten;a degree \in sth ein Abschluss in etw dat;\in search of sb/ sth auf der Suche nach jdm/etwthe man [dressed] \in the grey suit der Mann in dem grauen Anzug;you look nice \in green grün steht dir;\in the nude nackt;to sunbathe \in the nude nackt sonnenbadencheques should be written \in ink Schecks sollten mit Tinte ausgefüllt werden; French, English auf +dat;they spoke \in Russian the whole time sie sprachen die ganze Zeit auf Russisch;can you give me that offer \in writing? können Sie mir dieses Angebot schriftlich geben?;\in a small voice mit leiser Stimme;\in all honesty in aller Aufrichtigkeit;to tell sb sth \in all seriousness jdm etw in vollem Ernst sagen;to pay \in dollars mit [o in] Dollar zahlen;to write \in short simple sentences in kurzen einfachen Sätzen schreiben;to swear \in an oath einen Eid schwören;she told me \in a promise that she would wait for me sie hat mir versprochen, auf mich zu warten;to say sth \in a nutshell etw in aller Kürze sagen;\in conclusion schließlich, zum Schluss;he always talks \in a whisper er spricht immer sehr leise;to speak to sb \in a normal tone of voice sich akk mit jdm normal unterhalten;to listen to music \in stereo Musik stereo hören;Mozart's Piano Concerto \in E flat Mozarts Klavierkonzert in E-Moll;\in fact tatsächlich, in Wirklichkeit;\in the form of sth in Form von dat;\in the form of a request in Form einer Anfrage\in the morning/ evening am Morgen/Abend;did you hear the thunder \in the night? hast du heute Nacht den Donner gehört?;\in the autumn/ spring im Herbst/Frühling;we're going to Italy \in April wir fahren im April nach Italien;\in the late 60s in den späten Sechzigern;they met \in 1885 sie trafen sich 1885;she hasn't heard from him \in six months sie hat seit sechs Monaten nichts mehr von ihm gehört;I haven't done that \in a long time ich habe das lange Zeit nicht mehr gemacht;to be with the Lord \in eternity bei Gott im Himmel sein;\in the aftermath of the earthquake in der Zeit nach dem Erdbebendinner will be ready \in ten minutes das Essen ist in zehn Minuten fertig;\in the end am Ende, schließlich\in two weeks;we need that contract signed \in two days der Vertrag muss in zwei Tagen unterzeichnet sein;they completed the journey \in record time sie haben die Reise in einer Rekordzeit beendetthe house should be coming up \in about one mile das Haus müsste nach einer Meile auftauchen\in anger im Zorn;\in horror voller Entsetzen;to live \in luxury im Luxus leben;\in the secret im Geheimen, heimlich;\in private vertraulich;she was \in stress at the moment sie war gerade im Stress;he left \in a hurry sie ging in aller Eile davon;to be \in doubt zweifeln;to get \in trouble Schwierigkeiten bekommen;he cried out \in pain er schrie vor Schmerzen;she was \in a good mood that day ihre Stimmung an diesem Tag war gut;he always drinks \in excess er trinkt immer zu viel;to be \in no doubt nicht an etw dat zweifeln;to fall \in love [with sb] sich akk [in jdn] verlieben;to come \in question in Frage gestellt werden;\in a state of sth in einem Zustand von etw dat;\in a state of panic in Panik;everything is \in a state of chaos alles ist in einem chaotischen Zustand;\in his excitement in seiner Begeisterung15) ( as result of)\in exchange als Ersatz, dafür;\in response to als Antwort auf +akk;\in refusing to work abroad, she missed a good job weil sie sich weigerte, im Ausland zu arbeiten, entging ihr ein guter Job;\in doing so dabei, damit;\in that... ( form) insofern als;I was fortunate \in that I had friends ich hatte Glück, weil ich Freunde hattethen we sat down \in a circle wir setzten uns in einem Kreis hin;get together \in groups of four! bildet Vierergruppen!;sometimes customers buy books \in twos manchmal kaufen Kunden Bücher doppelt;slice the potatoes \in two beforehand! schneiden Sie die Kartoffel vorher einmal durch!;to die \in their thousands zu Tausenden sterben;he ripped up the note \in pieces er zerriss den Notizzettel in kleine Fetzen;\in total insgesamtsix pence \in the pound sechs Pennys pro Pfund;one \in ten people jeder zehnte;she has a one \in three chance ihre Chancen stehen eins zu drei;he is deaf \in his left ear er hört auf dem linken Ohr nichts;to be equal \in weight gleich viel wiegen;he's about six foot \in height er ist ca. zwei Meter groß;dark \in colour dunkelfarbig;difference \in quality Qualitätsunterschied m;it's not \in his nature es liegt nicht in seiner Natur;\in every respect in jeder Hinsicht;\in sb mit jdm;\in Kim, he's got a very good friend as well as a lover mit Kim hat er eine sehr gute Freundin und Liebhaberin;it isn't \in sb to do sth jd ist nicht zu etw dat in der Lage;it's not \in me to lie ich kann nicht lügen;to not have it \in one to do sth nicht in der Lage sein, etw zu tunto be \in one's forties in den Vierzigern sein;temperatures tomorrow will be \in the mid-twenties die Temperaturen bewegen sich um 25 Gradto assist a doctor \in an operation einem Arzt bei einer Operation assistieren;the whole family shared \in his success die ganze Familie nahm Anteil an seinem Erfolg;don't interfere \in my business unasked! mische dich nicht ungefragt in meine Angelegenheiten ein!;she's interested \in photography sie interessiert sich für Fotografie after nwe have confidence \in you wir vertrauen dir;she had no say \in the decision sie hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Entscheidung;a change \in sth eine Änderung in etw dat;she underwent a change \in style sie hat ihren Stil geändert\in sth anstatt etw +dat;he came to the party \in his friend's place er kam anstatt seinem Freund auf die Party;\in God's/ heaven's name um Gottes/Himmels willen;\in lieu of sth anstelle von, anstattPHRASES:to put one's foot \in one's mouth [or it] ins Fettnäpfchen treten;to follow \in sb's footsteps in jds Fußstapfen treten;\in hell ( fam) überhaupt;\in line übereinstimmend;they tried to keep their children \in line sie versuchten, die Kinder bei der Stange zu halten;to put sb \in their place jdn in seine Schranken weisen;to leave sth \in one's wake etw zur Folge haben;\in stereo gleichzeitig;\in all insgesamt;there were 10 of us \in all wir waren zu zehnt;all \in all alles in allem;all \in all it's been a good year insgesamt gesehen war es ein gutes Jahr adv1) ( into sth and hither) herein;come \in! herein!;the sea was freezing, but \in she went das Meer war eiskalt, doch sie kannte nichts und ging hinein2) ( there) da;( at home) zu Hause;is David \in? ist David da?;to have a quiet evening \in einen ruhigen Abend zu Hause verbringen3) ( at arrival point)to be due \in fällig sein;the train is due \in any moment now der Zug müsste jetzt jeden Moment [an]kommen;( towards land) landeinwärts;the tide comes \in very quickly here die Flut kommt hier sehr rasch herein;we stood on the harbour for a while watching the ship come \in wir standen eine Zeitlang am Hafen und beobachteten das einlaufende Schiff4) ( inside) nach innen;could you bring the clothes \in? könntest du die Wäsche 'reinholen?;I didn't hear you come \in ich habe dich nicht [ins Haus] kommen hören;the farmer brought the harvest \in der Bauer brachte die Ernte ein;the roof of their house caved \in das Dach ihres Hauses fiel in sich zusammen5) ( submitted)when does your essay have to be \in? wann musst du deinen Essay abgeben?the ball was definitely \in! der Ball war keineswegs im Aus!;to be \in player am Ball sein7) ( take part)to go \in for sth an etw dat teilnehmen;I never went \in for collecting stamps mit Briefmarken sammeln habe ich mich nie abgegebenPHRASES:day \in, day out tagein, tagaus;\in between dazwischen;to be \in on sth über etw akk Bescheid wissen;to be \in with sb mit jdm zusammen sein;to let sb \in on sth jdm etw verraten adj1) ( leading in) einwärts;the door \in opens inwards die Tür hinein geht nach innen auf;\in basket Behälter m für eingehende Postsendungen2) ( in fashion) in;he's \in with the boss at the moment zurzeit ist er beim Chef gut angeschrieben;she just says those things to get \in with the teacher die sagt so was doch bloß, um sich beim Lehrer lieb Kind zu machenpumpkins are \in! Kürbisse jetzt frisch! n( connection) Kontakt[e] m[pl];he wants to get involved with that group but doesn't have an \in er würde gern mit dieser Gruppe in Kontakt kommen, aber bis jetzt fehlt ihm die EintrittskartePHRASES:the \ins and outs of sth jedes kleine Detail einer S. gen;to understand the \ins and outs of sth etw hundertprozentig verstehen -
55 nation
•• nation, state, nationality
•• Nation a large community of people of mainly common descent, language, history, etc., usually inhabiting a particular territory and under one government.
•• State... 4. an organized community under one government or forming part of a federal republic. 5. civil government (Oxford American Dictionary).
•• Nationality... national status, especially a legal relationship involving allegiance on the part of an individual and usually protection on the part of the state (Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary).
•• Концепция национального государства настолько укоренилась в сознании большинства людей Запада, что слово nation они употребляют в основном в значении nation-state, т.е. государство. Это значение было вложено и в названия Лиги Наций и Организации Объединенных Наций. ООН, несомненно, организация государств, а не «национальностей». По-русски же слово нация большинством людей понимается иначе – в национально-этническом смысле, если можно так выразиться. Конечно, в действительности дело обстоит довольно сложно, и в Европе, например, пожалуй, лишь Франция да еще две-три страны полностью отвечают критериям национального (мононационального) государства. Большинство остальных – либо многонациональные унитарные государства (Швеция, Испания, Венгрия, Словакия), либо федерации (Россия, Бельгия, Швейцария, мононациональная, но федеративная Германия). Еще сложнее дело обстоит за пределами Европы. И все же, повторюсь, nation – это страна, государство. Соответственно nationality – государственная, а не национальная, в нашем понимании, принадлежность человека. В паспорте nationality – гражданство. Поэтому жителю, скажем, Украины не стоит писать в этой графе визовой анкеты, что он, допустим, русский или молдаванин: если у него украинское гражданство, то nationality – Ukrainian (или Ukraine).
•• Как же быть в тех случаях, когда переводчик имеет дело с употреблением слов национальный, национальность, нация в более привычном для нас понимании? Как уже сказано выше (см. статью ethnic), можно прибегнуть к словам ethnic, ethnicity. Для иллюстрации приведу забавный пример из статьи о визите президента Клинтона в Китай: In Xian, [Chinese] security officials blocked two White House valets from loading the First Family’s garment bags onto Air Force One for the flight to Beijing. Press secretary Michael McCurry blamed the incident on an “overeager” Chinese official who had concern about their ethnicity.” Both staffers were Asian-American (Time).
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56 nationality
•• nation, state, nationality
•• Nation a large community of people of mainly common descent, language, history, etc., usually inhabiting a particular territory and under one government.
•• State... 4. an organized community under one government or forming part of a federal republic. 5. civil government (Oxford American Dictionary).
•• Nationality... national status, especially a legal relationship involving allegiance on the part of an individual and usually protection on the part of the state (Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary).
•• Концепция национального государства настолько укоренилась в сознании большинства людей Запада, что слово nation они употребляют в основном в значении nation-state, т.е. государство. Это значение было вложено и в названия Лиги Наций и Организации Объединенных Наций. ООН, несомненно, организация государств, а не «национальностей». По-русски же слово нация большинством людей понимается иначе – в национально-этническом смысле, если можно так выразиться. Конечно, в действительности дело обстоит довольно сложно, и в Европе, например, пожалуй, лишь Франция да еще две-три страны полностью отвечают критериям национального (мононационального) государства. Большинство остальных – либо многонациональные унитарные государства (Швеция, Испания, Венгрия, Словакия), либо федерации (Россия, Бельгия, Швейцария, мононациональная, но федеративная Германия). Еще сложнее дело обстоит за пределами Европы. И все же, повторюсь, nation – это страна, государство. Соответственно nationality – государственная, а не национальная, в нашем понимании, принадлежность человека. В паспорте nationality – гражданство. Поэтому жителю, скажем, Украины не стоит писать в этой графе визовой анкеты, что он, допустим, русский или молдаванин: если у него украинское гражданство, то nationality – Ukrainian (или Ukraine).
•• Как же быть в тех случаях, когда переводчик имеет дело с употреблением слов национальный, национальность, нация в более привычном для нас понимании? Как уже сказано выше (см. статью ethnic), можно прибегнуть к словам ethnic, ethnicity. Для иллюстрации приведу забавный пример из статьи о визите президента Клинтона в Китай: In Xian, [Chinese] security officials blocked two White House valets from loading the First Family’s garment bags onto Air Force One for the flight to Beijing. Press secretary Michael McCurry blamed the incident on an “overeager” Chinese official who had concern about their ethnicity.” Both staffers were Asian-American (Time).
-
57 Estado Novo
The name of the Portuguese regime from 1930 until the Revolution of 25 April 1974. The term "New State" may have been influenced by an earlier regime's name for itself, República Nova or "New Republic," led by President Sidónio Pais (1917-18) during in the First Republic (1910-26). The name Estado Novo appears for the first time in 1930, during the military phase; it caught on with supporters of the regime and became official. The Estado Novo was a version of the extremely nationalistic regimes that came to power in Europe after World War I. The Portuguese version was strongly influenced by conservative Catholic social doctrines, which held that society was organically hierarchical and church and state were closely allied. The relationship of the individual to society and the state was mediated through his or her membership in natural "orders," such as the family. The conservative Catholicism of the Estado Novo emphasized discipline, obedience, dedication, and sacrifice. It was opposed to the liberal doctrines of the French Revolution (individualism, separation of church and state, democracy), as well as to the socialist doctrines of the Russian Revolution (collectivism, atheism, etc). -
58 affair
ə'feə1) (happenings etc which are connected with a particular person or thing: the Suez affair.) caso2) (a thing: The new machine is a weird-looking affair.) cosa3) ((often in plural) business; concern(s): financial affairs; Where I go is entirely my own affair.) asunto4) (a love relationship: His wife found out about his affair with another woman.) amorío, relaciónaffair n asuntotr[ə'feəSMALLr/SMALL]1 (matter) asunto2 (case) caso■ her dress was a wonderful affair with sequins and feathers su vestido era una cosa maravillosa con lentejuelas y plumas\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLaffairs of state asuntos nombre masculino plural de estadocurrent affairs actualidad f singstate of affairs situación nombre femeninoaffair [ə'fær] n1) matter: asunto m, cuestión f, caso m2) event: ocasión f, acontecimiento m3) liaison: amorío m, aventura f4)business affairs : negocios mpl5)current affairs : actualidades fpln.• negocio s.m. (Event)n.• evento s.m. (Issue)n.• asunto s.m.• cuestión s.f. (Love)n.• amorío s.m.• lío s.m.ə'fer, ə'feə(r)1)a) ( case) caso m, affaire mthe Watergate affair — el caso or affaire Watergate
b) ( event)the wedding was a small, family affair — la boda se celebró en la intimidad
c) (business, concern) asunto m2) ( liaison) affaire m, aventura f (amorosa), lío m (fam)they're having an affair — tienen relaciones, tienen un lío (fam)
3) ( thing) (colloq)[ǝ'fɛǝ(r)]N1) (=business) asunto m2) affairs (=matters) asuntos mplaffairs of the heart — asuntos mpl del corazón
affairs of state — asuntos mpl de estado
3) (=event) ocasión fit will be a big affair — será una ocasión importante, será todo un acontecimiento
the minister's visit will be a purely private affair — la visita del ministro tendrá un carácter puramente privado
4) (=case) caso m, asunto mthe Watergate affair — el caso Watergate, el asunto (de) Watergate
5) (=concern) asunto mthat's my affair — eso es asunto mío or cosa mía, eso solo me concierne a mí
if he wants to make a fool of himself, that's his affair — si quiere hacer el ridículo, es asunto suyo or allá él
6) (=love affair) aventura f (amorosa), affaire m, lío m (amoroso) *he had an affair with a French girl — tuvo una aventura or un affaire con una chica francesa, tuvo un lío or estuvo liado con una chica francesa *
7) * (=thing)the house was a ramshackle, wooden affair — la casa era un destartalado cobertizo de madera
* * *[ə'fer, ə'feə(r)]1)a) ( case) caso m, affaire mthe Watergate affair — el caso or affaire Watergate
b) ( event)the wedding was a small, family affair — la boda se celebró en la intimidad
c) (business, concern) asunto m2) ( liaison) affaire m, aventura f (amorosa), lío m (fam)they're having an affair — tienen relaciones, tienen un lío (fam)
3) ( thing) (colloq) -
59 public
(of, for, or concerning, the people (of a community or nation) in general: a public library; a public meeting; Public opinion turned against him; The public announcements are on the back page of the newspaper; This information should be made public and not kept secret any longer.) público- publicly- publicity
- publicize
- publicise
- public holiday
- public house
- public relations
- public service announcement
- public spirit
- public-spirited
- public transport
- in public
- the public
- public opinion poll
public1 adj públicopublic2 n públicotr['pʌblɪk]1 público,-a1 el público\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin public en públicoto be in the public eye ser objeto de interés públicoto be public knowledge ser del dominio públicoto go public SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL salir a bolsato make public hacer público,-apublic company empresa pública, sociedad nombre femenino anónimapublic holiday fiesta nacionalpublic opinion opinión nombre femenino públicapublic relations relaciones nombre femenino plural públicaspublic school SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL colegio privado 2 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL colegio públicopublic sector sector nombre masculino públicopublic speaker orador,-rapublic speaking oratoriapublic transport transporte nombre masculino públicopublic utility servicio públicopublic ['pʌblɪk] adj: público♦ publicly advpublic n: público madj.• paladino, -a adj.• placero, -a adj.• público, -a adj.n.• público s.m.
I 'pʌblɪka) ( of people) públicoit wouldn't be in the public interest — no beneficiaría a la ciudadanía; eye I 1) c)
b) ( concerning the state) públicopublic body — organismo m estatal or público
public works — obras fpl públicas
c) <library/garden/footpath> públicod) (open, not concealed) <announcement/protest> públicoa well-known public figure — un personaje conocido, una persona muy conocida
to make something public — hacer* algo público
to go public — (journ) revelar algo a la prensa
e)to go public — \<\<company\>\> salir* a bolsa
II
noun (+ sing or pl vb)a) u ( people in general)b) c ( audience) público mc)['pʌblɪk]1. ADJ1) (=of the State) público•
they can hire expensive lawyers at public expense — pueden contratar abogados caros a costa de los contribuyentes•
to run for/hold public office — presentarse como candidato a/ostentar un cargo público2) (=of, for, by everyone) público•
they want to deflect public attention from the real issues — quieren desviar la opinión pública de los verdaderos problemashe has kept his family out of the public eye — ha mantenido a su familia alejada de la atención pública
•
I have decided to resign in the public interest — en el interés de los ciudadanos, he decidido dimitir3) (=open, not private) [statement, meeting] público; [appearance] en públicoit's too public here — aquí estamos demasiado expuestos al público, aquí no tenemos intimidad
can we talk somewhere less public? — ¿podemos hablar en algún sitio más privado or menos expuesto al público?
•
to go public — (Comm) empezar a cotizar en bolsathey decided to go public about their relationship * — decidieron revelar su relación a la prensa or al público
•
to make sth public — hacer público algo, publicar algo4) (=well-known)2. N1) (=people)•
the general public — el gran público•
a member of the public — un ciudadano2) (=open place)3) (=devotees) público m•
the reading/ sporting public — los aficionados a la lectura/al deporte•
the viewing public — los telespectadores3.CPDpublic access television N — (US) televisión abierta al público
public address system N — (sistema m de) megafonía f, altavoces mpl, altoparlantes mpl (LAm)
public affairs NPL — actividades fpl públicas
public assistance N — (US) asistencia f pública
public bar N — bar m
public body N — organismo m público
public company N — empresa f pública
public convenience N — (Brit) frm servicios mpl, aseos mpl públicos
public debt N — deuda f pública, deuda f del Estado
public defender N — (US) defensor(a) m / f de oficio
public enemy N — enemigo m público
- be Public Enemy No 1 or number onepublic enquiry N (Brit) — = public inquiry
public expenditure N — gasto m (del sector) público
public gallery N — (in parliament, courtroom) tribuna f reservada al público
public health N — salud f pública, sanidad f pública
public health inspector N — inspector(a) m / f de salud or sanidad pública
Public Health Service N — (US) ≈ Seguridad f Social, servicio público de asistencia sanitaria
public holiday N — fiesta f nacional, fiesta f oficial, (día m) feriado m (LAm)
public house N — (Brit) frm bar m
public housing N — (US) viviendas mpl de protección oficial
public housing project N — (US) proyecto f de viviendas de protección oficial
public inquiry N — investigación f oficial
public lavatory N — aseos mpl públicos
public law N — (=discipline, body of legislation) derecho m público; (US) (=piece of legislation) ley f pública
public library N — biblioteca f pública
public limited company N — sociedad f anónima
public money N — fondos mpl públicos
public nuisance N — (Jur) molestia f pública
he's a public nuisance — siempre está causando problemas or molestias
public opinion N — opinión f pública
public opinion poll N — sondeo m (de la opinión pública)
public ownership N —
•
to be taken into public ownership — pasar a ser propiedad del estado(fig)public property N — (=land, buildings) dominio m público
public prosecutor N — fiscal mf
See:Public Record Office N — (Brit) archivo m nacional
public relations NPL — relaciones fpl públicas
the police action was a public relations disaster — la actuación de la policía fue desastrosa para su imagen
it's just a public relations exercise — es solo una operación publicitaria or de relaciones públicas
public relations officer N — encargado(-a) m / f de relaciones públicas
public school N — (Brit) colegio m privado; (=boarding school) internado m privado; (US) escuela f pública
60,000 public-sector jobs must be cut — se deben eliminar 60.000 puestos de funcionario, se deben eliminar 60.000 puestos en el sector público
public sector borrowing requirement N — necesidades fpl de endeudamiento del sector público
public servant N — funcionario(-a) m / f
public service N — (=Civil Service) administración f pública; (usu pl) (=community facility) servicio m público
she will be remembered for a lifetime of public service — se la recordará por cómo entregó su vida al servicio de la comunidad
in doing this they were performing a public service — con esto estaban haciendo un servicio a la comunidad
public service announcement — comunicado m de interés público
public service jobs — puestos mpl de funcionario or en el sector público
public service vehicle — vehículo m de servicio público
public service worker — funcionario(-a) m / f
public service broadcasting N — servicio m público de radio y televisión
public speaker N — orador(a) m / f
she is a good public speaker — habla muy bien en público, es una buena oradora
public speaking N — oratoria f
public spending N — gasto m (del sector) público
public television N — (US) cadenas fpl públicas (de televisión)
public transport, public transportation (US) N — transporte(s) m(pl) público(s)
public utility N — empresa f del servicio público
PUBLIC ACCESS TELEVISION En Estados Unidos, el término Public Access Television hace referencia a una serie de cadenas no comerciales de televisión por cable que emiten programas de ámbito local o programas dedicados a organizaciones humanitarias sin ánimo de lucro. Entre sus emisiones se incluyen charlas sobre actividades escolares, programas sobre aficiones diversas e incluso discursos de organizaciones racistas. Estas emisiones de acceso público se crearon para dar cabida a temas de interés local e impedir que los canales por cable estuvieran dominados por unos cuantos privilegiados. En virtud de la Ley de Emisiones por Cable, el Cable Act de 1984, cualquier población en que haya algún canal por cable puede obligar a los propietarios de dicho canal a que instalen una cadena adicional de acceso público y provean el equipo, el estudio, los medios técnicos y el personal necesarios para la emisión.public works NPL — obras fpl públicas
* * *
I ['pʌblɪk]a) ( of people) públicoit wouldn't be in the public interest — no beneficiaría a la ciudadanía; eye I 1) c)
b) ( concerning the state) públicopublic body — organismo m estatal or público
public works — obras fpl públicas
c) <library/garden/footpath> públicod) (open, not concealed) <announcement/protest> públicoa well-known public figure — un personaje conocido, una persona muy conocida
to make something public — hacer* algo público
to go public — (journ) revelar algo a la prensa
e)to go public — \<\<company\>\> salir* a bolsa
II
noun (+ sing or pl vb)a) u ( people in general)b) c ( audience) público mc) -
60 union
'ju:njən1) (the act of uniting or process of being united: Union between the two countries would be impossible.) unión2) (the state of being united, eg in marriage, friendship etc: Their marriage was a perfect union.) unión3) (a club or association: The European Union.) unión•union n sindicato
unión sustantivo femenino 1a) ( acción):la unión de estos factores the combination of these factorsc)◊ la Uunión Americana (Méx) (Period) the United States2 ( relación) union, relationship; ( matrimonio) union, marriage 3 ( juntura) joint
unión sustantivo femenino
1 (coalición) union
Unión Europea, European Union
2 (asociación) association
unión de consumidores, consumers' association
3 (cohesión) unity
4 (matrimonio, ligazón) union
5 (juntura) joint ' unión' also found in these entries: Spanish: abogada - abogado - camaradería - cohabitación - conflictividad - fracturar - revigorizar - sindical - sindicarse - sindicato - soldadura - UE - UEFA - unidad - URSS - alianza - casamiento - conjunción - empate - enlace - gremial - gremio - llamar - sindicalismo - sindicalizarse - Unión Europea - Unión Soviética - vínculo English: connection - EMU - EU - European Union - inflame - intervene - mating - membership - mismatch - rep - togetherness - trade union - trades union - union - Union Jack - belong - blue - capacity - European - join - joint - labor union - marriage - official - rank - shop - Soviet - student - trade - TUC - USSRtr['jʊːnɪən]1 unión nombre femenino3 (of workers) sindicato4 SMALLTECHNICAL/SMALL unión nombre femenino1 sindical, del sindicato\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLUnion Jack la bandera del Reino Unido, la bandera británicathe Union SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL los Estados Unidosunion ['ju:njən] n1) : unión fadj.• gremial adj.• sindical adj.n.• aligación s.f.• atadura s.f.• ayuntamiento s.m.• cofradía s.f.• enlace s.m.• fusión s.f.• gremio s.m.• junta s.f.• ligazón s.m.• masa s.f.• parentesco s.m.• sindicato s.m.• trabazón s.m.• unión s.f.'juːnjən1) u c (act, state) unión f2)the Union — ( the United States) los Estados Unidos; ( in Civil War) la Unión
3) c ( Lab Rel) sindicato m, gremio m (CS, Per); (before n) <official, movement> sindical, gremial (CS, Per)union card — carné m de afiliado
4) c (at college, university) asociación f or federación f de estudiantes['juːnjǝn]1. N1) unión f ; (=marriage) enlace mthe Union — (US) la Unión
2) (=trade union) sindicato m, gremio m3) (=club, society) club m, sociedad f4) (Mech) (for pipes etc) unión f, manguito m de unión2.CPD (Ind) [leader, movement, headquarters] sindicalunion card N — carnet m de afiliado
union catalog(ue) N — catálogo m colectivo or conjunto
Union Jack N — bandera f del Reino Unido
union member N — miembro mf del sindicato, sindicalista mf
union membership N — (=numbers) afiliados mpl al sindicato
union membership has declined — el número de afiliados a los sindicatos ha disminuido; (=being a member) afiliación f a un/al sindicato
union membership is compulsory — es obligatorio afiliarse a or hacerse miembro del sindicato
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics N — (formerly) Unión f de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas
Union of South Africa N — (formerly) Unión f Sudafricana
union shop N — (US) taller m de afiliación (sindical) obligatoria
union suit N — (US) prenda f interior de cuerpo entero
* * *['juːnjən]1) u c (act, state) unión f2)the Union — ( the United States) los Estados Unidos; ( in Civil War) la Unión
3) c ( Lab Rel) sindicato m, gremio m (CS, Per); (before n) <official, movement> sindical, gremial (CS, Per)union card — carné m de afiliado
4) c (at college, university) asociación f or federación f de estudiantes
См. также в других словарях:
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