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81 institution
n1) учреждение; организация; объединение; общество
- affiliated institution
- banking institution
- banking credit institution
- British Standards Institution
- charitable institution
- corporate institution
- credit institution
- creditor institution
- depository institution
- educational institution
- endowed institution
- financial institution
- government institution
- international financial institution
- issuing institution
- legal institution
- lending institution
- marketing institution
- monetary institution
- nonprofit institution
- pecuniary institutions
- public institution
- public educational institution
- quasi-banking institution
- research institution
- savings institution
- scientific institution
- state institution
- thrift institution
- trust institution
- institutions of law and orderEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > institution
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82 institution
1) учреждение; организация; объединение; общество• -
83 South Carolina
сокр. SC общ., амер. Южная Каролина (штат, расположенный на юго-востоке США; граничит со штатами Джорджия и Северная Каролина; площадь — 80582 кв. км; столица — г. Колумбия (Columbia))See: -
84 law
nзакон, право; законодательство, правовая нормаto abolish / to abrogate a law — отменять закон
to administer law — отправлять / осуществлять правосудие
to adopt a law — принимать / утверждать закон
to alter / to amend a law — вносить поправки в закон
to be above the law — быть неподсудным / выше закона / над законом
to be at law with smb — судиться с кем-л.
to be exempt from the law — быть неподсудным / неподвластным закону
to break a law — нарушать / преступать закон
to contravene a law — нарушать закон; противоречить закону
to defy law — не подчиняться закону, игнорировать закон
to draw up a law — разрабатывать закон / законопроект
to enact legislation into law — принимать законопроект, придавать законопроекту силу закона
to enforce law — обеспечивать выполнение закона, следить за соблюдением закона
to flout law — попирать / не выполнять закон
to go beyond the law — совершать противозаконный поступок; обходить закон
to honor the law — уважать / соблюдать закон
to implement a law — выполнять закон; вводить закон в действие
to infringe law — нарушать / преступать закон
to institute / to introduce law — вводить закон
to keep in with the law — подчиняться закону, не нарушать закон
to keep within the law — держаться в рамках / придерживаться закона
to lay down the law — распоряжаться, командовать
to make a law — издавать закон; составлять закон
to override law — не признавать закон, не считаться с законом
to pass a law — принимать / утверждать закон
to practice law — заниматься адвокатурой / юриспруденцией
to put a law into effect / operation — вводить закон в действие
to take the law in(to) one's own hands — устраивать самосуд
to take the law of smb — привлекать кого-л. к суду
- abuse of the lawto violate a law — нарушать / преступать / попирать закон
- according to the law
- active law
- administration of laws
- administrative law
- air law
- ambassadorial law
- amnesty law
- antilabor law
- antipollution law
- antismoking law
- antiterrorist law
- antitrust laws - basic law
- binding in law
- breach of law
- breakdown of law and order
- business law
- by law
- campaign-financing laws
- canon law
- case law
- changes to the electoral law
- child-labor laws
- civil law
- clemency law
- club law - common law
- company law
- compliance with law
- conflict of interest law
- conflict with the law
- conscription law
- constitutional law
- consular law
- contrary to law
- contrary to military law
- controversial law
- conventional international law
- cosmic law
- court of law
- criminal law
- crown law
- customary law
- definite law
- development of international law
- discriminatory law
- disdain for the law
- disregard of the law
- doctor of law
- domestic law
- draft law
- ecclesiastical law
- economic law
- economic laws of the development of society
- election law
- electoral law
- emergency law
- enforcement of a law
- existent laws
- existing laws
- export control law
- extension of martial law
- extradition law
- family law
- federal laws - fundamental law
- general international law
- general law
- gun control law
- gun law prevails
- gun law
- humanitarian law
- immigration laws
- in British law
- in conformity with the law
- in law
- in the eyes of the law
- individual labor law
- infringement of the laws
- institutions of international law
- internal law
- internal security laws
- international administrative law
- international humanitarian law
- international law
- international monetary law
- international private law
- international public law
- international trade law
- international treaty law
- interstate commerce laws
- inviolable law
- irreversible law
- Islamic holy laws
- Jim Crow law
- judicial law
- jungle law
- labor laws
- land law
- language law - law goes through
- law is in force
- law is invalid
- law is subject to yearly review
- law is the law
- law merchant
- law must be upheld
- law of actions
- law of civil procedure
- law of conflicts
- law of contracts
- law of criminal procedure
- law of international trade
- law of nations
- law of nature
- law of property
- law of state responsibility
- law of succession
- law of the land
- law of the sea
- law of treaties
- law of value
- law on leasing
- law on religion
- law on smth
- law provides for
- law should follow its normal course
- laws and customs
- laws and regulations
- laws are being ignored
- laws governing social development
- laws governing the economy
- laws in force
- laws of historical development of society
- laws of honor
- laws restraining the press
- local law
- loop-hole in the law
- Lynch law
- maritime law
- maritime safety law
- martial law is in force
- martial law
- military law
- minions of law
- municipal law
- national law
- natural law
- nature laws
- no-knock search law
- object of international law
- objective economic laws
- objective laws
- observance of the laws
- offence of law
- outer space law
- passage of the law
- penal law
- political law
- power to execute laws
- press law
- principles of law
- private international law
- private law
- property law
- provision in the law
- public international law
- public law
- race law
- racist law - retreat of the law
- right-to-know law
- right-to-work laws
- rules of law
- secession law
- security law
- segregation law
- settled law
- shield laws
- slip law
- source of law
- space law
- state law
- statute law
- strict observance of the law
- subject of international law
- substantive law
- sunset law
- sunshine law
- system of law
- the spirit and the letter of the law
- under an amnesty law
- under local law
- under the law
- under the new law
- universal historical laws
- vagrancy law - war-time laws
- within bounds of international law -
85 grow
1. I1) stop growing перестать расти; let one's hair (one's beard, one's moustache, etc.) grow отпускать /отращивать/ волосы и т. д.; my finger-nails are not growing у меня не растут или плохо растут ногти2) the crowd grew толпа росла /увеличивалась/; his influence (smb.'s pain, smb.'s surprise, smb.'s wonder, etc.) grows его влияние и т. д. усиливается /возрастает/; his fame grew его слава росла; the rumours were growing слухи все больше распространялись; my difficulties ( my troubles, my worries, etc.) grow у меня все больше трудностей и т. д.; taxes (prices, the national debts, etc.) grow растут налоги и т. д.2. II1) grow in some manner nails (vegetables, berries, etc.) grow quickly (slowly, etc.) ногти и т. д. быстро и т. д. растут; the little boy grew very fast маленький мальчик рос очень быстро; grow somewhere grow upwards (skywards, underground, etc.) расти вверх и т. д., grow in врастать2) grow in some manner the crowd grew rapidly толпа быстро увеличивалась / росла/; new towns grew quickly быстро поднимались новые города; cities grow culturally растет культура городов3. III1) grow smth. grow a beard (a moustache, etc.) отращивать /отпускать/ бороду и т.д.; grow wheat (corn, oats, barley, etc.) сеять /выращивать/ пшеницу и т. д.; grow cucumbers (cabbage, tomatoes, vegetables, etc.) сажать или выращивать огурцы и т. д.; grow strawberries ( roses, tulips, etc.) разводить клубнику и т. д.; plants grow oats растения пускают корни; snakes can grow a new skin у змей появляется новая кожа2) grow smb. grow quite a handsome man (a beautiful girl, a famous writer, a powerful speaker, etc.) [с возрастом] стать красивым мужчиной /превратиться в красивого мужчину/ и т. д.4. Xgrow to some state grow alarmed встревожиться; grow accustomed to smb., smth. привыкнуть к кому-л., чему-л.; he grew accustomed to it он постепенно привык к этому; grow aged before one's time преждевременно состариться; grow excited разволноваться; grow tired устать5. XIbe grown from smth. were these roses grown from seeds or from cuttings? эти розы выращены из семян или из отростков?6. XIIIgrow to do smth. I grew to like it мне это начало нравиться; I grew to hate him я его возненавидел; the factory has grown to be a big business фабрика выросла в большое предприятие7. XVgrow to some state grow light (broad, strong, easy, rare, etc.) становиться легким и т. д.; grow fat (растолстеть; grow thin (по)худеть; how tall you have grown! как ты сильно вырос!; grow fashionable входить в моду; grow old стареть, стариться; grow pale (побледнеть; grow rich (разбогатеть; grow ripe созревать; grow better а) улучшаться; б) поправляться; grow worse ухудшаться; grow angry (рассердиться; grow irritable а) раздражаться; б) становиться раздражительным; grow small (less and less) уменьшаться (все уменьшаться); grow silly (поглупеть; grow sour скисать, свертываться; grow too big for this coat (for the dress, for this jacket, etc.) вырасти из этого пальто и т. д.; grow eloquent over the theme стать необыкновенно красноречивым при обсуждении этой темы; grow familiar with smth. освоиться с чем-л.; his hair has grown grey он поседел; it is growing cold холодает, становится холоднее; it is growing light светает; it is growing dark темнеет, смеркается; it is growing warm теплеет8. XVI1) grow along (beside, in, on, etc.) smth. grow along the river-bank (along the path, beside our house, in water, in very wet ground, in orchards, in the south, on rocks, on hills, on an oak-tree, etc.) расти вдоль берега /по берегу/ реки и т. д., rice grows in warm climate рис растет /произрастает/ в теплом климате; few trees grow in desert лишь немногие виды деревьев растут в пустыне; vine won't grow in the north на севере виноград не растет; ivy has grown all over the wall плющ увил всю стену; skin has grown over the wound рана затянулась; mould had grown all over the food while they were away пока их не было, все продукты заплесневели /покрылись плесенью/; grow in smth. grow in clusters (in bunches, in clumps, in tufts, etc.) растя гроздьями и т. д.; grow from smth. grow from seeds (from bulbs, from the stem, from nodes, etc.) вырастать из семян и т. д.2) grow out of /from/ smth. grow out of few small towns (from a little provincial college, out of several institutions, etc.) вырасти /развиться/ из нескольких маленьких городков и т. д., the book has growп out of lectures to the students (out of travelling notes, etc.) книга родилась из лекций, прочитанных студентам и т. д., several interesting ideas grew out of the discussion дискуссия породила /вызвала к жизни/ несколько интересных идей; his troubles grew out of his bad temper причина всех его неприятностей grow скверный характер; his interest in ships grew from conversations with his father интерес к пароходам у него появился /проснулся/ из разговоров с отцом; their friendship grew from their common interests их сблизили общие интересы3) grow by smth. grow by five inches вырасти на пять дюймов; grow out of smth. grow out of one's shoes (out of one's coat, out of one's jacket, etc.) вырасти из ботинок и т. д.; there is no sense in buying expensive clothes for children, as they soon grow out of them нет смысла покупать детям дорогие вещи, они быстро становятся им малы; grow in smth. grow in number (in size, in price, etc.) возрастать /увеличиваться/ в числе и т. д.; grow in experience (in knowledge) приобретать больше опыта, обогащаться опытом и т. д.; grow in importance ( in popularity, in beauty, etc.) становиться более значительным, приобретать большее значение и т. д., he grew in strength but not unfortunately in wisdom он стал сильнее, но, к сожалению, ума у него не прибавилось; grow with some time his sense of duty grew with age с годами у него чувство долга становилось все сильней /росло/4) grow (in)to smb., smth. grow into a fine girl (into a tall youth, to a handsome man, into a fine musician, into a tall oak, etc.) [вырасти и] превратиться в хорошенькую девушку, стать хорошенькой девушкой и т. д.; grow into a man стать мужчиной; this firm has grown into a company of international importance эта фирма разрослась и приобрела международное значение; buds grew to blossoms почки превратились в цветы; the wind grew to a tempest ветер перешел в ураган; the boy will soon grow into these trousers мальчику эти брюки скоро будут впору; minutes grew into hours (into weeks, into months, etc.) минуты превращались в часы и т. д., из минут складывались часы и т. д., а neglected cold may grow into a serious illness запущенный насморк может перейти в серьезное заболевание; boasting with him has grown into a habit хвастовстве у него стало привычкой /перешло в привычку/; grow from smth. to smth. grow from boyhood to manhood (from girlhood to womanhood, etc.) превратиться из мальчика во взрослого мужчину и т. д.5) grow out of smth. grow out of bad (childish, foolish, etc.) habits отвыкать от дурных и т. д. привычек; grow out of dependence on his mother перестать зависеть от матери; he is mischievous but he will grow out of it он шаловлив, но у неге это пройдет; don't worry about his shyness, he'll grow out of it in time пусть вас не волнует его застенчивость, со временем он избавится от нее; grow out of use выходить из употребления; grow out of fashion выходить из моды6) grow on smb. this music (this place, this painting, her beauty, etc.) grows on me эта музыка и т. д. нравится мне все больше и больше; the feeling (this desire, this thought, the longing for home, etc.) grows on him его постепенно охватывает /им постепенно овладевает/ это чувство и т. д., the habit has grown on him от этой привычки ему все трудней отделаться; the book seems dull at first but it grows on you книга сначала кажется скучной, но потом она захватывает9. XXI1grow smth. for smth. grow beans for forage (strawberries for market, etc.) выращивать бобы для корма и т. д., grow smth. from smth. grow flowers from bulbs (tobacco from seeds, etc.) выращивать цветы из луковиц и т. д., grow smth. in (on, under, etc.) smth. grow flowers in pots (roses in the garden, corn in the field, etc.) выращивать цветы в горшках и т. д.; grow tomatoes (melons, cucumbers, etc.) under glass выращивать помидоры и т. д. в парниках; he had grown his hair over the scar on his forehead он отрастил волосы так, чтобы они закрыли шрам на лбу10. XXVgrow since... (after..., etc.) you have grown since (after) I saw you last ты вырос с тех пор, как я видел тебя [в] последний раз -
86 judge
1. Ias far as I can judge насколько я могу судить; it is for you to judge тебе /ты должен сам/ судить /решать/; leave it to them to judge пусть они решают; it is hard to judge трудно судить2. II1) judge justly (impartially, wisely, judiciously, rigidly, etc.) справедливо и т. д. судить, выносить справедливый и т. д. приговор; I have heard the evidence and will judge accordingly я выслушал свидетельские показания и смогу вынести соответствующий приговор2) judge superficially (rashly, correctly, etc.) делать поверхностные и т. д. выводы; it is best not to judge at first sight no первому впечатлению лучше не судить; how can I judge? как я могу судить?3. IIIjudge smth., smb.1) judge civil and criminal cases (all sorts of cases, a case of forgery, a case of imposture, etc.) рассматривать гражданские и уголовные дела и т. д., the Supreme Court is judging that case это дело разбирается в Верховном суде; judge a criminal (a burglar, a forger, etc.) судить преступника и т. д.2) judge a football match (a tennis tournament, a regatta, etc.) судить футбольный матч и т. д., who judgeed the race? кто был в жюри гонок?3) judge men (artists, institutions, a play, a project, etc.) судить о людях и т. д.; it is not for me to judge you не мне вас осуждать; it is hard to judge his abilities трудно судить о его способностях4. IVjudge smth., smb. in some manner1) judge smth., smb. justly (impartially, objectively, etc.) справедливо и т. д. судить что-л., кого-л., выносить справедливый и т. д. приговор по делу о чем-л., о ком-л.2) judge smb., smth. superficially (rashly, correctly, etc.) судить о ком-л., о чем-л. поверхностно и т. д.; don't judge them too harshly не судите их слишком строго5. VI1) judge smb. as being in some state judge smb. innocent (guilty) признавать /находить/ кого-л. невиновным (виновным)2) judge it to have some quants or be in some state to do smth. judge it necessary (useful, correct, etc.) to do smth. считать необходимым и т. д. сделать что-л.; judge smb. to be correct (to be good, to be a very honest man, etc.) полагать, что кто-л. прав и т. д.; I judged him to be about 50 я решил, что ему лет пятьдесят; I judged it prudent to stay at home я счел благоразумным остаться дома; we judged it better to start at once мы рассудили, что лучше уж отправиться немедленно; the committee judged it better to postpone the meeting комиссия решила, что собрание следует отложить6. VIIjudge smth. to be smth. judge the moon to be a globe (the distance to be about four miles, etc.) считать /полагать, думать/, что луна представляет собой шар и т. д.; he judged it to be a small town он решил, что это маленький городок;7. XIbe judged as having some quality it was judged better to start /to set out/ at once было решено, что лучше немедленно отправиться в путь; be judged by (on) smth. a man should be judged by his deeds, not by his words о человеке надо судить по делам, а не по словам; when judged by modern standards когда меряют современными мерками; the question should be judged on its merits вопрос надо решать по существу8. XVI1) judge by /from/ smth. judge by /from/ appearances (by /from/ looks, by /from/ what people say, by the results, by one's dress, from the lessons of the past, from statistics made public, from this point of view, etc.) судить по внешнему виду и т. д.; I judged from his manner that he was new here из его поведения я сделал вывод, что он здесь новичок; judging by what you say, he ought to succeed судя по тому, что вы говорите, он должен добиться успеха; judge of smth. judge of its size (of its merits, of his progress, etc.) судить о размере и т. д.; one is at a loss to judge of its contents from the title no заглавию трудно судить о содержании; judge for oneself judge for yourself судите сами2) judge at smth. will you judge at the flower-show next week? не согласитесь ли вы быть арбитром на выставке цветов на будущей неделе?; judge between smb. he asked me to judge between them он попросил меня рассудить их9. XXI1judge [of] smth., smb. by smth. judge [of] a book by its cover (a student by his answer, a woman by her appearance, others by oneself, etc.) судить о книге по обложке и т. д.; don't judge me by that translation не судите обо мне по этому переводу; it is unfair to judge them by our standards неверно /несправедливо/ судить о них по нашей мерке10. XXVjudge that... (whether...) judge that the boy will forget (that the government would fall, that it would be better to start at once, etc.) приходить к выводу /заключать/, что мальчик забудет и т. д.; I can't judge whether he was right or wrong я не могу судить /решить/, прав он был или нет -
87 interest
n1) интерес; заинтересованность2) обыкн. pl практическая заинтересованность, интересы; выгода; польза3) проценты, процентный доход; ссудный процент4) доля, пай, участие в чем-л.5) обыкн. pl группа лиц, объединенных общими интересами
- accrued interest
- accrued interest on customer deposits
- accrued interest on deposits with credit institutions
- accrued interest on loans to customers
- accrued interest payable
- accrued interest receivable
- accruing interest
- accumulated interest
- added interest
- advance interest
- annual interest
- anticipated interest
- apparent interest
- assurable interest
- average interest
- back interest
- baloon interest
- bank interest
- bank deposit interest
- banking interests
- basic interests
- beneficial interest
- bought interest
- business interests
- buyers' interest
- buying interest
- capital interest
- capitalized interest
- carried interest
- colliding interests
- commercial interests
- common interest
- compound interest
- conflicting interests
- considerable interest
- contending interests
- controlling interest
- conventional interest
- corporate interests
- credit interest
- current interest
- daily interest
- debit interest
- default interest
- defaulted interest
- deferred interest
- departmental interests
- direct interest
- due interest
- earned interest
- economic interest
- equity interest
- essential interests
- everyday interests
- exact interest
- excessive interest
- exorbitant interest
- explict interest
- financial interest
- financial interests
- fixed interest
- foreign interests
- fundamental interests
- general interest
- government interests
- gross interest
- high interest
- home mortgage interest
- hot interest
- illegal interest
- implicit interest
- imputed interest
- industrial interests
- insurable interest
- insured interest
- interim interest
- investment interest
- joint interest
- keen interest
- landed interests
- legal interest
- legitimate interest
- life interest
- loan interest
- long interest
- low interest
- main interest
- major interest
- majority interest
- minimum interest
- minority interest
- moneyed interests
- monopoly interests
- mortgage interest
- mutual interests
- national interests
- negative interest
- net interest
- nominal interest
- nontaxable interest
- open interest
- open policy interest
- opposing interests
- ordinary interest
- outstanding interest
- overdue interest
- overnight interest
- ownership interest
- paid interest
- particular interest
- partner's interest
- partnership interest
- past due interest
- pecuniary interest
- personal interest
- plus accrued interest
- potential interest
- prepaid interest
- primary interest
- private interests
- professional interest
- prolongation interest
- property interests
- proprietary interest
- public interest
- pure interest
- royalty interest
- running interest
- selfish interest
- semiannual interest
- senior interest
- short interest
- simple interest
- social interests
- specific interest
- state interests
- stated interest
- statutory interest
- sustained interest
- tax-exempt interest
- tiered interest
- trading interests
- true interest
- unpaid interest
- usurious interest
- vested interests
- vested interests
- vital interests
- interest for the credit granted
- interest for default
- interest in arrears
- interest in a business
- interests of monopolies
- interests of the state
- interest on an amount
- interest on arrears
- interest on bank credit
- interest on bank loans
- interest on bonds
- interest on capital
- interest on credit
- interest on credit balances
- interest on debenture
- interest on debit balances
- interest on debts
- interest on deposits
- interest on equities
- interest on finance leases
- interest on loan capital
- interest on loans
- interest on loans against bonds
- interest on long-term liabilities
- interest on losses
- interest on mortgage
- interest on overdue payment
- interest on principal
- interest on public loans
- interest on a refund claim
- interest on savings
- interest on savings deposits
- interest on securities
- interest on sight deposit
- interest on a sum
- interest on underpayment
- interest per annum
- capital and interest
- principal and interest
- interest due
- interest payable
- interest receivable
- interest to be collected
- as interest
- at interest
- cum interest
- in the interests of
- in common interest
- less interest
- with interest
- without interest
- bearing interest
- bearing no interest
- no charge for interest
- accumulate interest
- act for public interests
- act in the interests of smb
- add the interest to the capital
- affect the interests
- allow interest on deposits
- arouse interest
- assign interest
- be of interest
- bear interest
- borrow at interest
- calculate interest
- capitalize interest
- carry interest
- charge interest
- charge interest on accounts
- collect interest
- compute interest
- conflict with the interests
- damage interests
- debit interest
- declare an interest
- deduct interest
- defend interests
- draw interest
- earn interest
- express interest
- forfeit interest
- give interest
- harness the interests
- have an interest in smth
- hold financial interests in smth
- invest at interest
- lend at interest
- make interest on a loan
- pay interest
- pay interest on an account
- prejudice interests
- protect interests
- provoke interest
- receive interest
- recover interest
- represent the interests
- run counter the interests
- safeguard interests
- serve the interests
- show interest
- spur investor interest
- take an interest in smth
- uphold interests
- yield interest interest accountEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > interest
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88 resource
1) запасы, ресурсы2) активы; средства, фонды• -
89 высший
прил.
1) higher (более высокий) ;
superior (по положению, качеству)
2) (самый высокий) the highest высшее качество
3) (главный;
верховный) supreme
4): высшее учебное заведение ≈ higher educational establishment, institute of higher education высшее техническое учебное заведение ≈ technical college, technical institute высшее образование ≈ higher education высшая школа ≈ higher institutes of learning/education, the Higher School высшая инстанция ∙ высшая мера наказания ≈ supreme penalty, capital punishment высшая математика высшая точка в высшей степенивысш|ий -
1. превосх. ст. прил. высокий
2.,
3. the highest;
(о качестве и т. п.) superior;
~ая точка climax;
~его качества of superior/excellent quality;
top-quality;
4. (самый главный, руководящий) supreme;
~ие органы государственной власти the supreme organs of State power;
~ая судебная инстанция the supreme/highest judicial authority;
5. (совершенный) the highest, perfect;
~ая форма организации the highest form of organization;
~ пилотаж aerobatics;
6.: ~ее образование higher education, education at university level;
~ие учебные заведения higher educational institutions, higher schools;
7. (более развитой, сложный) higher;
~ие млекопитающие higher mammals;
~ая математика higher mathematics, calculus;
~ая мера наказания capital punishment, death/supreme penalty. -
90 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
орг.сокр. FDIC банк., амер. Федеральная корпорация страхования депозитов [вкладов\], ФКСД, ФКСВ (государственная корпорация, занимающаяся страхованием счетов вкладчиков в банках-участниках ФКСД, что обеспечивает стабильность банковской системы и предотвращает банковскую панику; объединяет все банки федеральной резервной системы; создана в 1933 г. в соответствии с Банковским законом, современный статус определяется законом "О федеральном страховании депозитов" от 1950 г.)See:government corporation, bank panic, deposit insurance, Banking Act of 1933, Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act, Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, Bank Insurance Fund, Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation
* * *
abbrev.: FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Федеральная корпорация страхования депозитов (США): независимое федеральное агентство, созданное в 1933 г., занимающееся в пределах утвержденных лимитов страхованием депозитов в банках и других кредитных институтах - гарантирует возвратность депозитов до 100 тыс. долл.; для национальных банков - членов ФРС такое страхование депозитов обязательно; является регулирующим органом для банков штатов, не входящих в ФРС; в некоторых случаях предоставляет банкам кредиты или покупает у них активы для облегчения слияний или предотвращения банкротств; имеет собственные резервы и может брать кредиты у министерства финансов США; в 1989 г. Корпорация реорганизована актом Конгресса в два подразделения: Фонд страхования банков (см. Bank Insurance Fund - BIF), который продолжает осуществлять традиционные функции в отношении банков, и Фонд страхования сберегательных ассоциаций; см. national banks;state banks.* * ** * *государственная организация США, осуществляющая страхование депозитов банковскихАнгло-русский экономический словарь > Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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91 finance
1. сущ.1) фин. финансирование (обеспечение денежными средствами какой-л. деятельности, проекта, организации и т. д.)The type and amount of finance required for a business depends on many factors: type of business, success of firm and state of the economy.
This form of financing is usually used for start-up businesses to limit the amount of finance initially needed.
to receive 25 per cent of the projected finance from the government — получить 25% от запланированного финансирования от правительства
to receive additional finance from the district council — получить дополнительное финансирование от районного совета
Farmers will receive additional finance from EU funds.
to receive cheap [low-cost\] finance from smb. — получить дешевое финансирование от кого-л.
to receive bonded [mortgage\] finance from the banks — получить под залог [ипотечное\] финансирование от банков
to raise finance for smth — найти финансирование для чего-л.
The company helps clients ascertain the most cost effective route for raising finance for buying property in Spain and other European countries.
to provide finance against smth — предоставлять финансирование под залог чего-л.
With invoice discounting, the invoice financier (known as an invoice discounter) will provide finance against the sales invoices only.
The Football authorities have provided the bulk of the finance for the stadium.
The bulk of the finance for the project will come from private sources (such as bank finance or retained earnings).
to raise finance of £1m — найти финансирование в размере 1 млн ф. ст.
They raise finance of £25k-£1m from their network of suitable banks.
long-term [short-term\] finance — долгосрочное [краткосрочное\] финансирование
to provide long-term finance for the smaller business — предоставлять долгосрочное финансирование для малого бизнеса
This probably carries the lowest level of risk to the company of all the alternative sources of long-term finance.
Syn:See:capital finance, development finance, equity finance, export finance, government finance, haircut finance, loan finance, project finance, student finance, refinance, sales finance company, finance bill, international finance subsidiary, premium finance agreement, Association of African Development Finance Institutions, Finance Corporation for Industry, Finance for Industry, Industrial and Commercial Finance Corporation, War Finance Division2)а) эк. финансы (совокупность или состояние финансовых ресурсов какого-л. лица)A company can prosper only when the finance of the company is properly maintained. — Компания может процветать только в том случае, если ее финансы должным образом управляются.
This allows me to manage my finance effectively.
My finance is hopeless, mainly owing to the European complications.
I can now look after my children and my finance is better.
б) фин., упр. финансы, управление финансами, финансовое дело редк. (область деятельности и учебная дисциплина, связанные с привлечением и вложением денежных средств какого-л. лица: компании, человека, государства и т. д.)This book is for managers who want to study finance and accounting further.
to work in ( corporate) finance — работать в области (корпоративных) финансов
People who work in corporate finance and accounting are responsible for managing the money-forecasting where it will come from, knowing where it is, and helping managers decide how to spend it in ways that will ensure the greatest return.
See:corporate finance, personal finance, public finance, finance company, finance manager, finance and accounts department, NASDAQ Other Finance Index, Institute for International Finance, International Institute of Public Finance2. гл.фин. финансировать (изыскивать или направлять средства на поддержание деятельности предприятия, оплату расходов по проекту, покупку чего-л. и т. д.; выделять средства на что-л. или кому-л.; вкладывать средства во что-л.)to finance a project [programme\] — финансировать проект [программу\]
to finance by borrowing — финансировать путем заимствования, финансировать с помощью займов
See:
* * *
финансы, финансирование: 1) термин для обозначения сферы финансово-кредитных отношений - аккумулирование финансовых ресурсов (банковский и фирменный кредиты, покупка в рассрочку, выпуск ценных бумаг), совокупность финансовых отношений государства, компаний и др.; см. corporate finance; 2) денежные суммы, кредиты.* * *. Дисциплина, связанная с определением стоимости и принятием решений. Финансовые функции включают в себя распределение ресурсов, в том числе приобретение, инвестирование и управление ресурсами . финансовый департамент; финансы, финансовая деятельность Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *-----Финансы/Кредит/Валюта1. финансовое дело, финансысовокупность всех денежных средств, находящихся в распоряжении предприятия, объединения, фирмы, государства, а также система их финансирования, распределения и использованияФинансы/Кредит/Валюта2. доходы, средства -
92 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
93 COOMET
-
94 mediaevalism
[ˌmedɪ'iːvəlɪz(ə)m]1) Общая лексика: искусство, мировоззрение средних веков, религия, увлечение средневековьем2) Религия: увлечение средневековьем и его культурой, (Devotion to the institutions, arts, and practices of the Middle Ages) искусство, (Medieval quality, character, or state) средневековье -
95 medievalism
1) Общая лексика: религия средних веков, средневековая философия, средневековое искусство, увлечение средневековьем2) Религия: мировоззрение средних веков, религия, увлечение средневековьем и его культурой, (Devotion to the institutions, arts, and practices of the Middle Ages) искусство, (Medieval quality, character, or state) средневековье -
96 alliance
nounBündnis, das; (league) Allianz, die•• Cultural note:in alliance with somebody/something — im Verein mit jemandem/etwas
Alliance Party (Northern Ireland)Eine politische Partei in Nordirland, deren Ziel es ist, ein Ende des Konflikts zwischen extremen religiösen Gruppen zu bewirken, indem sie Menschen mit gemäßigten Ansichten beider Seiten zusammenführt* * *see academic.ru/1863/ally">ally* * *al·li·ance[əˈlaɪən(t)s]nthe Atlantic A\alliance das Atlantische Bündnismilitary \alliance Militärbündnis nt* * *[ə'laɪəns]nVerbindung f; (of institutions also, of states) Bündnis nt; (in historical contexts) Allianz f* * *alliance [əˈlaıəns] s1. Verbindung f2. Bund m, Bündnis n, Allianz f:3. Verwandtschaft f durch Heirat, Verschwägerung f4. weitS. Verwandtschaft f5. fig Bund m, (Interessen)Gemeinschaft f:in alliance with im Verein mit6. Übereinkunft f* * *nounBündnis, das; (league) Allianz, die•• Cultural note:in alliance with somebody/something — im Verein mit jemandem/etwas
Eine politische Partei in Nordirland, deren Ziel es ist, ein Ende des Konflikts zwischen extremen religiösen Gruppen zu bewirken, indem sie Menschen mit gemäßigten Ansichten beider Seiten zusammenführt* * *n.Allianz -en f.Bund -e m.Bündnis -se n.Verbindung f. -
97 civil
adjective1) (not military) zivilin civil life — im Zivilleben
3) (Law) Zivil[gerichtsbarkeit, -prozess, -verfahren]; zivilrechtlich4) (of citizens) bürgerlich; Bürger[krieg, -recht, -pflicht]* * *['sivl]1) (polite, courteous.) hölich2) (of the state or community: civil rights.) Staats-...3) (ordinary; not military or religious: civil life.) zivil4) (concerned with law cases which are not criminal.) bürgerlich•- academic.ru/13148/civilian">civilian- civility
- civilly
- civil defence
- civil disobedience
- civil engineer
- civil liberties/rights
- civil servant
- civil service
- civil war* * *civ·il[ˈsɪvəl]\civil government Zivilverwaltung f2. (courteous) höflich, zuvorkommendto not have a \civil word to say for sb für jdn nicht ein freundliches Wort übrig habento keep a \civil tongue in one's head seine Zunge im Zaum halten\civil case Zivilprozess m* * *['sɪvl]adj2) (= polite) höflich; (in behaviour also) aufmerksam, zuvorkommendcigar? – very civil of you — Zigarre? – sehr zuvorkommend (von Ihnen)
4) (= civilian) aircraft, aviation zivil* * *civil [ˈsıvl; -vıl] adj (adv civilly)1. staatlich, Staats…:2. ( auch staats)bürgerlich, Bürger…:civil life bürgerliches Leben;civil society bürgerliche Gesellschaft3. zivil, Zivil… (Ggs militärisch, kirchlich etc)4. obs zivilisiert6. bürgerlich (Jahr etc)7. JURa) zivil-, privatrechtlich, bürgerlich-rechtlich:b) gemäß römischem Recht* * *adjective1) (not military) zivil2) (polite, obliging) höflich3) (Law) Zivil[gerichtsbarkeit, -prozess, -verfahren]; zivilrechtlich4) (of citizens) bürgerlich; Bürger[krieg, -recht, -pflicht]* * *adj.zivil adj. -
98 democratic
a3) (Democratic) относящийся к Демократической партии США, демократический•- democratic centralism
- democratic circles
- democratic coalition
- democratic demands
- democratic development
- democratic institutions
- democratic movement
- democratic openings - Democratic Russia
- democratic state
- general democratic
- genuinely democratic -
99 admission
визнання; допуск ( до чогось або кудись); передача на поруки; часткове визнання виниadmission by a person in privity with a party in litigation — визнання факту особою, яка має спільний інтерес із стороною в процесі
admission into criminal trials of evidence procured through illegal searches — прийнятність у судовому розгляді доказів, здобутих шляхом незаконних обшуків
- admission by bailadmission to the practice of law — допуск до юридичної практики (до ведення справ), дозвіл на юридичну (адвокатську) практику
- admission by conduct
- admission by demurrer
- admission fee
- admission into criminal trials
- admission of alien
- admission of case
- admission of confession
- admission of evidence
- admission of guilt
- admission of guilt confession
- admission of offence
- admission of offense
- admission of the fact
- admission to bail
- admission to citizenship
- admission to membership
- admission to probate
- admission to the bar -
100 democratic
- democratic centralism
- democratic elections
- democratic freedoms
- democratic institutions
- democratic legitimacy
- democratic nation
- democratic norm
- Democratic Party
- democratic principle
- democratic procedure
- democratic republic
- democratic rule
- democratic state
- democratic system
- democratic values
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