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spoken+language

  • 61 spoken

    1. adj
    1) усний; розмовний

    spoken language — усна мова; усне мовлення; розмовна мова

    2) виражений словами; гучний
    2. p.p. від speak
    * * *
    I a
    1) усний; розмовний
    2) виражений словами, голосний
    II p. p.

    English-Ukrainian dictionary > spoken

  • 62 spoken

    1 სასაუბრო
    2 იხ.speak v.
    free-spoken თავისი აზრის პირდაპირ მთქმელი, პირდაპირი

    English-Georgian dictionary > spoken

  • 63 language

    n

    finger language — мова жестів, мова глухонімих

    substandard language — просторіччя, проста мова

    3) характер мови; стиль, склад
    4) дип. формулювання

    English-Ukrainian dictionary > language

  • 64 spoken

    [΄spəukən] a խոսակցական, բա նավոր. a spoken language խոսակցական լեզու. a spoken promise բանավոր խոստում

    English-Armenian dictionary > spoken

  • 65 language

    [ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ]
    dil (nitq); bad language söyüş; finger language lal-kar dili; spoken language danışıq dili

    English-Azerbaijanian dictionary for pupils > language

  • 66 spoken

    1. past participle of speak
    2. adjective
    устный; разговорный; spoken language устная речь
    Syn:
    verbal
    * * *
    (a) разговорный; устный
    * * *
    прич. прош. вр. от speak
    * * *
    [spo·ken || 'spəʊkən] adj. устный, разговорный, выраженный словами
    * * *
    разговорный
    сказан
    сказанный
    устный
    * * *
    1. прил. устный; разговорный; выраженный словами 2. прич. прош. вр. от speak

    Новый англо-русский словарь > spoken

  • 67 spoken

    ['spəukn] 1. 2. adj
    у́сний

    spoken language — у́сна мо́ва

    English-Ukrainian transcription dictionary > spoken

  • 68 spoken

    spoken [ˈspəʊkən]
    1. verb
    [language] parlé
    * * *
    ['spəʊkən] 1.
    past participle speak 2., 3.
    2.
    adjective [word, dialogue, language] parlé

    English-French dictionary > spoken

  • 69 spoken

    A pp ⇒ speak.
    B adj [word, dialogue, language] parlé.

    Big English-French dictionary > spoken

  • 70 spoken

    ['spəʊkən] 1. 2.
    aggettivo [dialogue, language] parlato
    * * *
    adjective (produced by speaking: the spoken word.) parlato
    * * *
    spoken /ˈspəʊkən/
    p. p. di to speak
    ● spoken for ► speak for □ (ling.) spoken terms, termini della lingua parlata □ spoken word, lingua parlata □ well-spoken, che parla bene; eloquente; raffinato.
    * * *
    ['spəʊkən] 1. 2.
    aggettivo [dialogue, language] parlato

    English-Italian dictionary > spoken

  • 71 Language

       By 2009, the Portuguese language was spoken by more than 210 million people and the number of Portuguese-speakers exceeded the number of French-speakers in the world. Seven countries have Portuguese as the official language, Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde Islands, Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe Islands, Angola, and Mozambique. Overseas Portuguese, who number 4 million, reside in another two dozen countries and continue to speak Portuguese. There are distinct differences between Brazilian and Continental (Portugal) Portuguese in spelling, pronunciation, syntax, and grammar, but both versions comprise the same language.
       Next to Rumanian, Portuguese is the closest of the Romance languages to old Latin. Like Gallician, to which it is intimately linked as a colanguage, Portuguese is an outgrowth of Latin as spoken in ancient Hispanica. It began to appear as a distinct language separate from Latin and Castilian in the ninth century, and historic Portuguese made its full appearance during the 12th and 13th centuries. Major changes in the language came under the influence of Castilian in the ninth and 16th centuries, and there was a Castilianization of Portuguese culture during the 1580-1640 era of Spanish rule of Portugal and its empire.
       The cultural aspects of Portugal reasserting her sovereignty and restoring national independence was a reaction against Castile and Castilianization. In language, this meant that Portugal opened itself to foreign, but non-Hispanic influences. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, French culture and French language became major influences enriching the Portuguese language. In international politics, there continued the impact of the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, a connection that has been less cultural than political and economic. For all the centuries of English influence in Portugal since the late 14th century, it is interesting how little cultural influence occurred, at least until recently, and how relatively few words from English have entered the language. With the globalization of English, this began to change in the late 20th century, but there remain many more loan words from Arabic, French, and Italian.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Language

  • 72 spoken

    = spoke, see academic.ru/69260/speak">speak
    * * *
    adjective (produced by speaking: the spoken word.) gesprochen
    * * *
    spok·en
    [spəʊkən, AM spoʊk-]
    II. adj
    1. attr, inv (not written) gesprochen
    \spoken English/German gesprochenes Englisch/Deutsch
    the \spoken word das gesprochene Wort
    2. pred, inv (sold)
    ▪ to be \spoken for verkauft sein
    3. pred, inv (involved in relationship)
    ▪ to be \spoken for person vergeben sein hum
    * * *
    ['spəUkən] ptp of speak
    adj
    language gesprochen

    his spoken English is better than... — er spricht Englisch besser als...

    * * *
    spoken [ˈspəʊkən]
    A pperf von speak
    B adj
    1. gesprochen, mündlich:
    spoken English gesprochenes Englisch
    2. (in Zusammensetzungen) …sprechend: → soft-spoken etc
    * * *
    = spoke, see speak
    * * *
    adj.
    geredet adj.
    gesprochen adj.

    English-german dictionary > spoken

  • 73 language

    noun
    1) Sprache, die

    speak the same language — (fig.) die gleiche Sprache sprechen

    2) no pl., no art. (words, wording) Sprache, die

    [style of] language — [Sprach]stil, der

    use of language — Sprachgebrauch, der

    3) (style) Ausdrucksweise, die; Sprache, die; see also academic.ru/5024/bad">bad 1. 4); strong language
    4) (professional vocabulary) [Fach]sprache, die
    5) (Computing) Sprache, die
    * * *
    ['læŋɡwi‹]
    1) (human speech: the development of language in children.) die Sprache
    2) (the speech of a particular nation: She is very good at (learning) languages; Russian is a difficult language.) die Sprache
    3) (the words and way of speaking, writing etc usually connected with a particular group of people etc: the language of journalists; medical language.) die Fachsprache
    •
    * * *
    lan·guage
    [ˈlæŋgwɪʤ]
    n
    1. (of nation) Sprache f
    she speaks four \languages fluently sie spricht vier Sprachen fließend
    artificial \language Kunstsprache f
    the English/German \language die englische/deutsche Sprache, Englisch/Deutsch nt
    a foreign \language eine Fremdsprache
    sb's native \language jds Muttersprache
    2. no pl (words) Sprache f; (style of expression) Ausdrucksweise f, Sprache f
    her \language was absolutely appalling! ihre Sprache war wirklich schockierend!
    \language, Robert! wie sprichst du denn, Robert!
    bad \language Schimpfwörter pl
    formal/spoken/written \language gehobene/gesprochene/geschriebene Sprache
    to mind one's \language aufpassen, was man sagt
    3. (of specialist group) Fachsprache f
    legal \language Rechtssprache f
    technical \language Fachsprache f; (individual expressions) Fachausdrücke pl
    [computer programming] \language Programmiersprache f
    5.
    ▶ to speak [or talk] the same \language die gleiche Sprache sprechen fig
    * * *
    ['lŋgwɪdZ]
    n
    Sprache f

    the English language — Englisch nt, die englische Sprache

    the language of business/diplomacy —

    your language is appalling — deine Ausdrucksweise ist entsetzlich, du drückst dich entsetzlich aus

    that's no language to use to your mother! — so spricht man nicht mit seiner Mutter!

    it's a bloody nuisance! – language! — verfluchter Mist! – na, so was sagt man doch nicht!

    strong language — Schimpfwörter pl, derbe Ausdrücke pl

    he used strong language, calling them fascist pigs — er beschimpfte sie als Faschistenschweine

    the request/complaint was put in rather strong language — die Aufforderung/Beschwerde hörte sich ziemlich krass an

    to talk the same language ( as sb) — die gleiche Sprache (wie jd) sprechen

    * * *
    language [ˈlæŋɡwıdʒ] s
    1. Sprache f:
    language of flowers fig Blumensprache;
    speak the same language dieselbe Sprache sprechen (a. fig);
    talk sb’s (kind of) language fig jemandes Sprache sprechen; → gutter A 1
    2. Sprache f, Rede-, Ausdrucksweise f, Worte pl:
    language! so etwas sagt man nicht!;
    this is the only language he understands das ist die einzige Sprache, die er versteht; → bad1 A 5, strong A 7
    3. Sprache f, Stil m
    4. (Fach)Sprache f, Terminologie f:
    medical language medizinische Fachsprache, Medizinersprache
    5. a) Sprachwissenschaft f
    b) Sprachunterricht m
    lang. abk language ( languages pl)
    * * *
    noun
    1) Sprache, die

    speak the same language — (fig.) die gleiche Sprache sprechen

    2) no pl., no art. (words, wording) Sprache, die

    [style of] language — [Sprach]stil, der

    use of language — Sprachgebrauch, der

    3) (style) Ausdrucksweise, die; Sprache, die; see also bad 1. 4); strong language
    4) (professional vocabulary) [Fach]sprache, die
    5) (Computing) Sprache, die
    * * *
    n.
    Sprache -n f.

    English-german dictionary > language

  • 74 Language

       Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)
       It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)
       It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)
       Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)
       It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)
       [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]
       Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it
       Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another
       LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)
       We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)
       We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.
       The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)
       9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language
       The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)
       It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)
       In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)
       In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)
       [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)
       he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.
       The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)
       The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.
       But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)
       The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)
        t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)
       A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)
       Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)
       It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)
       First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....
       Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)
       If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)
        23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction
       Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)
       By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)
       Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language

  • 75 language

    'læŋɡwi‹
    1) (human speech: the development of language in children.) språk
    2) (the speech of a particular nation: She is very good at (learning) languages; Russian is a difficult language.) språk
    3) (the words and way of speaking, writing etc usually connected with a particular group of people etc: the language of journalists; medical language.) fagspråk
    •
    mål
    --------
    nomenklatur
    --------
    språk
    --------
    tale
    --------
    terminologi
    subst. \/ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ\/
    1) språk
    2) uttrykksmåte, språkbruk, språk, språkdrakt, fremstilling
    • what language!
    bad language eller fowl language eller strong language grov språkbruk, grovt språk
    • avoid strong language please!
    language of diplomacy diplomatspråk
    language of flowers blomsterspråk
    teacher of languages språklærer
    universal language verdensspråk universalspråk

    English-Norwegian dictionary > language

  • 76 language

    lan·guage [ʼlæŋgwɪʤ] n
    1) ( of nation) Sprache f;
    she speaks four \languages fluently sie spricht vier Sprachen fließend;
    artificial \language Kunstsprache f;
    the English/German \language die englische/deutsche Sprache, Englisch/Deutsch nt;
    a foreign \language eine Fremdsprache;
    sb's native \language jds Muttersprache
    2) no pl ( words) Sprache f; ( style of expression) Ausdrucksweise f, Sprache f;
    her \language was absolutely appalling! ihre Sprache war wirklich schockierend!;
    \language, Robert! wie sprichst du denn, Robert!;
    bad \language Schimpfwörter ntpl;
    formal/ spoken/written \language gehobene/gesprochene/geschriebene Sprache;
    to mind one's \language aufpassen, was man sagt
    3) ( of specialist group) Fachsprache f;
    legal \language Rechtssprache f;
    technical \language Fachsprache f; ( individual expressions) Fachausdrücke mpl
    [computer programming] \language Programmiersprache f
    PHRASES:
    to speak [or talk] the same \language die gleiche Sprache sprechen ( fig)

    English-German students dictionary > language

  • 77 spoken

    adj usmen, govorni / # language = govorni jezik; well-# koji dobro govori
    * * *

    govorni
    izgovoren
    usmen

    English-Croatian dictionary > spoken

  • 78 sign language

    1. лингв. кинетическая речь

    business language — деловая речь; язык деловой переписки

    spoken language — разговорный язык; устная речь

    2. объяснение с помощью жестов

    finger language — язык жестов, язык глухонемых

    English-Russian base dictionary > sign language

  • 79 Mirandese language

       A Romance language, experiencing a miniscule revival, spoken only in a small section of northeastern Portugal. As of 2006, the number of Mirandese speakers was estimated to be between 5,000 and 15,000, residents mainly in the Portuguese municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro, and Vimioso, near the frontier with Spain. In a 1999 law, Portugal's parliament granted the language co-official recognition with the Portuguese language. Mirandese has its distinct phonology, morphology, and syntax and this has been so since the formation of Portugal in the 12th century. The language's roots are in the Latin spoken in the northern Iberian Peninsula, as well as in the ancient languages of the Kingdoms of Leon and Asturias in northern Spain. Since 1986-87 in Portugal this language has been taught to students between the ages of 10 and 11 in this area's schools. Most speakers of Mirandese also speak Portuguese and some speak Spanish (Castilian).

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Mirandese language

  • 80 dead language

    (a language no longer spoken, eg Latin.) dødt sprog
    * * *
    (a language no longer spoken, eg Latin.) dødt sprog

    English-Danish dictionary > dead language

Страницы

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