sites

τόπος, ὁ (fem. by attraction

A

τόπον τὰν καλειμέναν Δαματρείαν IG 9(1).32.80

(Stiris, ii B.C.)), place, region, first in A. (v. infr.), afterwds. freq. in all writers; periphr., χθονὸς πᾶς τ., i.e. the whole earth, A. Eu. 249;

ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήνων τ. Id.Pers. 790

; ἐν Ἑλλάδος τόποις in Greece, ib. 796;

ἐν Αὐλίδοστ. Id.Ag. 191

(lyr.);

Πέλοπος ἐντ. Id.Eu. 703

, cf. 292; πρὸς ἑσπέρους τ. towards the West, Id.Pr. 350; πρόσθε Σαλαμῖνος τόπων before Salamis, Id.Pers. 447;

Θρῄκης ἐκ τόπων E.Alc.67

;

Διρκαίων ἐκ τ. Id.Ph. 1027

(lyr.): so in Prose, district,

ὁ τ. ὁ Ἑλληνικός Isoc. 5.107

, cf. Ep.1.8;

ὁ περὶ Θρᾴκην τ. D.20.59

;

ὁ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης τ. Aeschin. 2.9

, 3.73; ὁ τ. οὗτος, ἐν τούτοις τοῖς τ., X.An.4.4.4, Cyr.2.4.20; ὅλος τ. a whole region, D.19.230;

κατὰ τόπους καὶ κώμας Pl.Criti. 119a

; οἱ τῆς χώρας τ. the places of a country, Id.Lg. 760c, etc. (but ὁ τ. τῆς χώρας the geographical position, D.4.31; region, Pl.Lg. 705c); ὁ ἅγιοστ., of Jerusalem, LXX 2 Ma.2.18 (cf. infr. 5); the universe divided into three τόποι, Arist.IA 706b3, Cael. 312a8 (contrast PA 666a15, etc.); οἱ κοινοὶ τ. public sites or buildings, IG42(1).65.8 (Epid.);

ἄσυλος τ. BGU 1053 ii 9

(i B. C.), PTeb.5.83 (pl., ii B. C.); οἰκίαι καὶ τόποι houses and sites, ib.281.12 (ii B.C.); so ψιλοὶ τ. sites not built upon, OGI52.2 (Ptolemais, iii/ii B. C.).

2 place, position,

οὐ τὸν τρόπον, ἀλλὰ τὸν τ. μόνον μεταλλάξαι Aeschin.3.78

; ὑπολιποῦ τ. leave a space (in a document), PCair.Zen.327.83 (iii B.C.); περικήπῳ τ. καταλιπεῖν ib.193.8 (iii B.C.); τ. ἔχειν have a place, D.H.Dem.23, Plu.2.646a; φίλου τ. ἔχειν hold the place of.., Arr.Epict.2.4.5;

Μερόλας ὁ αἱρεθεὶς ὕπατος εἰς τὸν τοῦ Κίννα τ. D.S.38

/39.3;

ἐνεγράφη εἰς τὴν ἱερωσύνην εἰς τὸν Αευκίου Δομιτίου τ. τετελευτηκότος Nic.

Dam.Fr. 127.4J., cf. D.H.2.73;

ἀναπληροῦν τὸν τ. τοῦ ἰδιώτου 1 Ep.Cor.14.16

; τ. ἔχειν also = have room (to grow), Thphr.HP1.7.1; τόπῳ c. gen., in place of, instead of, Hdn.2.14.5; ἀνὰ τόπον on the spot, immediately, E.Supp. 604 (lyr., dub.l.); so

ἐν τόπῳ IG12(7).515.63

([place name] Amorgos);

ἐπὶ τόπου Plb.4.73.8

;

ἐπὶ τῶν τ. PEnteux.55.5

(iii B. C.), UPZ70.16 (ii B.C.), CIL3.567.3 (Delph., ii B. C.), POxy.2106.23 (iv A. D.), etc.;

κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τ. S.E.P.3.1

; παρὰ τόπον at a wrong place, Str.10.2.21, Arr.Epict.3.21.16 (but παρὰ τ. καὶ παρὰ καιρόν by virtue of the place and the time, ib.3.21.14).

3 place or part of the body, Hp.Aph. 2.46, Loc.Hom.tit., Sor.2.40, al., Gal. in titles of works, e.g. περὶ τῶν πεπονθότων τόπων, περὶ συνθέσεως φαρμάκων τῶν κατὰ τόπους; esp. ὁ τόπος, pudendum muliebre, Arist.HA 572b28, 583a15, cf. Sor.2.62 (pl.).

4 place, passage in an author,

κατὰ τόπους τινὰς τῆς ἱστορίας Plb.12.25f

.1, cf. Ph.2.63, Ev.Luc.4.17, Sor.2.57,58, etc.; the word is prob. interpolated in X.Mem.2.1.20.

5 burial-place, IG12(7).401 ([place name] Amorgos), al., Ev.Marc. 16.6; also in codd. of E.Heracl. 1041 (fort. leg. τάφον); later ὁ ἅγιος τ. is freq. of the grave of a martyr, or of a monastery associated with it, PMasp.94.18 (vi A.D.), etc.

6 in Egypt, district, department, a sub-division of the νομός, = τοπαρχία, PMich.Zen.43.8 (iii B. C.), Theb.Ostr.27.2 (ii B. C.): but most freq. in pl., ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν τ. στρατηγός, πράκτωρ, etc., PEnteux.27.9 (iii B. C.), PRein.7.17,35 (ii B. C.), etc.; οἱ ἔξω τ. dub. sens. in PEnteux.87.2 (iii B. C.), BGU1114.6 (i B. C.), etc.

7 a room in a house, τόπον ἕνα ἄνευ ἐνοικίου ib.896.4 (ii A. D.);

δύο τόπους ἤτοι συμπόσια POxy. 1129.10

(V A. D.), cf. 502.34 (ii A. D.), 912.13 (iii A. D.).

8 position on the zodiac, Vett.Val.139.13; esp. the twelve regions of 300, Ptol. Tetr. 128, Heph.Astr.1.12.

9

αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς καλεῖται τόπος, τῷ περιέχειν τὰ ὅλα Ph.1.630

, cf. Corp.Herm.2.12, Hippol. Haer.6.32.

II topic, Isoc.5.109, 10.38, Aeschin.3.216, Plb.21.19.2, Phld. Rh.1.119S., etc.

2 common-place or element in Rhetoric,

ὁ τοῦ μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον τ. Arist.Rh. 1358a14

, cf. 1396b30, 1397a7; τὸ αὐτὸ λέγω στοιχεῖον καὶ τ. ib. 1403a18: pl., Phld.Rh.1.226S.

b = ὁμολογουμένου πράγματος αὔξησις, Hermog Prog.11; κοινὸς τ. ib.6.

c generally, sphere,

ὁ πραγματικὸς τ. D.H.Comp.1

.

III metaph., opening, occasion, opportunity,

ἐν τ. τινὶ ἀφανεῖ Th.6.54

(but τρόπῳ is prob. cj.);

ὀργῇ διδόναι τ. Plu.2.462b

;

μὴ δίδοτε τ. τῷ διαβόλῳ Ep.Eph.4.27

; δότε τ. τῇ ὀργῇ leave room for the wrath (of God), i.e. let God punish, Ep.Rom.12.19;

μὴ καταλείπεσθαί σφισι τ. ἐλέους Plb.1.88.2

;

μετανοίας τ. οὐχ εὗρε Ep.Hebr.12.17

;

οὐδὲ φυγῆς τόπον εὐμοιρήσαντες Hld.6.13

; τ. διδόναι τινί c. inf., give occasion to.., LXX Si.4.5.

Κανά, ἡ (also Κανᾶ, e.g. Tdf.) indecl. Cana, name of a city in Galilee (cp. Jos., Vi. 86), the location of which can no longer be determined. Among the possibilities are the sites now known as Khirbet Qana, c. 14 km. north of Nazareth (RMackowski, ‘Scholars’ Qanah.’ A Re-examination of the Evidence in Favor of Khirbet Qanah: BZ 23, ’79, 278–84; Dalman, Orte³ 108–14 [Eng. tr. 112f]); Kafr Kanna, a.k.a. Kefr Kenna, c. 5 km. northeast of Naz. (TSoiron, D. Evangelium u. d. hl. Stätten in Palästina 1929), easily available to ancient pilgrims; and even ˓Ain Qana, 1½ km. north of Naz. near Reina (s. WSanday, Sacred Sites of the Gospels 1903, 24, n.)—the first receives the most scholarly support. Place of Jesus’ first miracle in J 2:1, 11 (lit. in Hdb. exc. after J 2:12; CKopp, The Holy Places of the Gospels, tr. RWalls, ’63, 143–54; RRiesner, Bibel u. Kirche 43, ’88, 69–71); 4:46. Home of Nathanael 21:2; according to many, also of Simon Mt 10:4 (s. Καναναῖος).—Heinz Noetzel, Christus und Dionysus ’60.—EDNT. BHHW II 926. M-M.

χωρ-ίον, τό, [var] Dim. (only in form, cf.

A

χ. μέγιστον Th.2.19

) of χῶρος and χώρα:

1 place, spot, district, very freq. in Prose from Hdt. down wards, e.g. 2.8,10,29, Th.2.54; also in Com., as Ar.Nu. 209, etc.; never in Trag.: ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ χ. from the same spot, Hdt.1.11; χ. ἔρημον, χ. χαλεπὰ καὶ πετρώδη, Th.4.9;

χ. ἱππάσιμα X.Cyr.1.4.14

: pl., sites,

οἰκίσαι χωρία Th.1.12

.

2 town, ib. 100, etc.;

χωρίων κατάληψις Pl.Grg. 455b

, cf. Lys.28.7, etc.

3 landed property, estate, Th.1.106, Pl.Lg. 844b, Lys.7.4, IG12.325.10; used with ἀγρός, X.HG2.4.1, etc.

4 place of business, office, D.45.33.

5 space, room, Th.1.63, etc.; esp. in Geom., space enclosed by lines, area, figure, Pl.Men. 82b sq., Ar.Nu. 152, Euc.Dat.55, Papp.240.17: esp. rectangle, Archim.Con.Sph.2, al.

6 passage in a book, Hdt.2.117 (unless interpol.), Luc.Hist.Conscr.12, Ath.15.672a, Simp.inCael.126.4.

b subject, Th.1.97: pl., topics, Lycurg.31.

7 Medic., part of the body, Hp.Fract.2, cf. Aph. 1.21 (pl.); τὸ χ. τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἥπατος periphr. for the gall-bladder, Id.Morb.4.36.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to wash, to clean', of clothes a.o. (cf. λούω, νίζω).

Other forms: ( πλύνεσκον Χ 155), aor. πλῦναι (Od.), fut. πλῠν-έω (ep. Ion.), -ῶ (Att.), pass. perf. πέπλυμαι (IA.), aor. πλυθῆναι (hell.), fut. - θήσομαι (Com. Adesp.).

Compounds: Also w. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα- a.o.

Derivatives: Adj. 1. νεό-, ἔκ-πλυ-τος `newly washed, washed out' (ζ 64 and A., Pl.), πλυτός `washed' (Hp.); 2. ἐϋ-πλυν-ής `washed well' (Od.); 3. πλυν-τικός `belonging to washing' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 135), πλυ-τικός `id.' (Alex. Aphr.). Subst. 4. πλυνοί m. pl. `washing pits, -troughs, -sites' (Hom., hell.; Chantraine Form. 192) with the dimin. πλύνιον n. (inscr. Sicily); with barytonesis 5. πλύνος m. `laundry' (pap., ostr.; Mayser Pap. I: 3, 3); unclear Ar. Pl. 1061; with πλυνεύς m. `washer' (Att. inscr., Poll.; cf. Bosshardt 81). Further nom. actionis: 6. πλύσις ( περί-, κατά-, ἀπό- πλύνω) f. `washing' (IA.), late ἀπόπλυν-σις (Sophon.); πλύσιμος `belonging to laundry' (pap. III^a); 7. πλύμα ( ἀπό-, περί- πλύνω; πλύσμα Phot., also mss.) n. `washing-, swilling water, swill' (Hp., Pl. Com., Arist., pap.); 8. πλυσμός πλυτήρ H. Nom. agentis a. istr.: 9. πλύν-τρια f. `washer (fem.)' (Att. inscr., Poll.), - τρίς f. `id.' (Ar.), also `fuller's earth' (botanics in Thphr.; Capelle RhM 104, 58), masc. πλύν-της (Poll.), πλύ-της (EM, Choerob.); also πλυτήρ (H.; s. above) and *πλυν-τήρ in Πλυν-τήρ-ια n. pl. name of a purification-festival (Att. inscr., X.) with - ιών, - ιῶνος m. monthname (Thasos), if not rather analog. after other subst. in - τήρια, - τήριον (s. Chantraine Form. 63 f.); thus κατα-πλυντηρ-ίζω metaph. `to shower with abusive words' prop. `to immerse in swilling water, to drench with swilling water'?; 10. πλύν-τρον n. = πλύμα (Arist.). pl. `payment for washing' (pap. III^a, Poll.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [835] * pleu- `flow, swim'

Etymology: As κρί̄νω from *κρί-ν-ι̯ω, πλύ̄νω from *πλύ-ν-ι̯ω is a nasalpresent with a further yot-suffix; the nasal came also in non-pres. forms; cf. Schwyzer 694. As a whole πλύνω is a Greek creation, but on IE basis (on Armen. bel.). Thus πλυτός agrees formally with Skt. pluta- `swimming, overrun' (first in compp., e.g. uda-plu-t-á- `swimming in the water' [AV]), also with Russ. plot `raft', Latv. pluts `id.' (Russ. LW [loanword]?). Thus πλύσις = Skt. pluti- f., as gramm. expression `vowellengthening', late also `flood'; at least in the lastmentioned case we must reckon with parallel innovation. Both these zero grade forms as perf. midd. pu-plu-v-e a.o. fit in the full-grade present plávate = πλέω; a zero-grade pres., also with nasalsuffix, is found in Arm. lua-na-m (aor. lua-c`i), which agrees also semantically ('wash, bathe') to πλύνω. -- Further s. πλέω and πλώω. (Prob. no to πύελος.)

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Γαδαρηνός, ή, όν pert. to Gadara, a city in Transjordania: from Gadara; ὁ Γ. the Gadarene (Jos., Vi. 42; 44) Mt 8:28; Mk 5:1 v.l.; Lk 8:26 v.l., 37 v.l. Origen held Gadara could not be the name intended in these passages and adopted the rdg. Γεργεσηνῶν (q.v.); s. his comments In Joannem 6, 6, 41, 208ff Pr. (cp. 10, 19, 113). The rdg. Γερασηνῶν (q.v.) was also known in his time.—Difficulties caused by similar-sounding names in the tradition are old. A scholion on Od. 1, 85 (in Hes., Fgm. 70 Rz.) says w. reference to the Homeric νῆσον ἐς Ὠγυγίην that Antimachus (IV B.C.) calls the island Ὠγυλίη. The scholion goes on to say: διαφέρουσι δὲ οἱ τόποι.—TZahn, D. Land der Gadarener, Gerasener, Gergesener: NKZ 13, 1902, 923–45; GDalman, PJ 7, 1911, 20ff, Orte³ 1924 (tr., Sacred Sites, index); OProcksch, PJ 14, 1918, 20; DVölter, D. Heilg. d. Besessenen im Lande der Gerasener od. Gadarener od. Gergesener: NThT 9, 1920, 285–97; Pauly-W. VII 1242–45; BHHW I 508–33. SEG XLII, 1431 (ins).

III. Φοῖνιξ, ικος, ὁ a seaport mentioned Ac 27:12. Two sites merit attention. The Phoinix mentioned Strabo 10, 4, 3 (475) lying in the territory of Lappa, some distance to the east fr. Loutro (s. 1), is not a serious contender; for, if correctly identified, it lacks a harbor.

① Phoinix (Ptolemy, Geogr. 3, 17, 3; Stadiasmus sive Periplus Maris Magni [a Byzantine version of a 3d cent. A.D. anonymous work] 328–29 [=GGM I 507f]) on the south coast of Crete near Loutro. On the protection offered to mariners by this harbor s. esp. Ogilvie, also Hemer, Acts 139 (lit.); but Warnecke discounts its value, given the size of the ship and the large number of crew and passengers (Ac 27:37), and favors

② Phoinikous (Ptolemy, Geogr. 3, 15, 3; Pausan. 4, 34, 12) on the southern coast of the area known as Messenia (Od. 21:15). According to Warnecke 28f (but without supporting grammatical references), the phrase λιμὴν τῆς Κρήτης means ‘a harbor for Crete’ (=a harbor suitable for trade to and fro fr. Crete). Paul’s anxiety would stem from awareness of the type of weather conditions that would put mariners in peril on a trip from Crete to Messenian Phoinikous (cp. Hom., Od. 3, 291–98).—HBalmer, D. Romfahrt des Ap. Pls 1905, 319ff; Zahn, AG 1921, 825ff; ROgilvie, JTS n.s. 9, ’58, 308–14; Warnecke, Romfahrt 19–36; Hemer, Acts 139–41; Pauly-W. XX 4335; Kl. Pauly 800; BHHW III 1464; Haenchen ad loc.; PECS 708.

ἀστεῖος, α, ον (Aristoph. et al.; X., Pla.; LXX, Philo; Jos., Ant. 7, 147; Just., D. 1, 6) adj., fr. ἄστυ. In Greece ‘the city’ (ἄστυ) was Athens and in Egypt it was Alexandria. The splendid edifices and culture of such sites would offer a striking contrast to conditions in the countryside (ἀγρός), hence ἀστεῖος ‘befitting a city’ (Lat. urbanus) denotes good breeding, refinement (our colloq. ‘class’; as applied to conduct s. Philo, Mos. 1, 18; Spec. Leg. 1, 284 ἄξιον αὑτὸν παρεχέτω τῶν εὐπραγιῶν ἀστεῖος ὤν ‘let him show himself worthy of such benefits by appropriate behavior’; Num 22:32; of personal grace and charm, PHib 54, 16; PCairZen 562, 21; Judg 3:17; Jdth 11:23; Sus 7) handsome of Moses (s. Ex 2:2), who bears the marks of good breeding Hb 11:23 (the narrative structure suggests that Moses would be a match for Pharaoh, cp. vs. 24). Sim. well-bred ἀ. τῷ θεῷ Ac 7:20 of Moses, whose shepherd background would be a mark of ill-breeding to Egyptians, but God considers him a person of refined status, a perspective developed in the narrative that follows (s. vss. 22, 35f). For the probability that τ. θεῷ functions as a superl. ‘very well-bred pers.’ (cp. Jon 3:3 of Nineveh μεγάλη τῷ θεῷ ‘a very great city’) s. θεός 3gβ.—DELG s.v. ἄστυ. Schmidt, Syn. II 505. M-M. Spicq.

ὄρος, ους, τό (Hom.+) pl. τὰ ὄρη; gen., uncontracted ὀρέων (as early as X., An. 1, 2, 21 [Kühner-Bl. I 432]; SIG 646, 18 [170 B.C.]; LXX [Thackeray 151; Helbing 41f]; EpArist 119. Joseph. prefers ὀρῶν.—Schweizer 153; B-D-F §48; Mlt-H. 139) Rv 6:15; 1 Cl; Hermas (Reinhold 52); a relatively high elevation of land that projects higher than a βοῦνος (‘a minor elevation, hill’), mountain, mount, hill (in Eng. diction what is considered a ‘mountain’ in one locality may be called a ‘hill’ by someone from an area with extremely high mountain ranges; similar flexibility prevails in the use of ὄρος, and the Eng. glosses merely suggest a comparative perspective; in comparison w. Mt. Everest [8848 meters] or Mount McKinley [6194 meters] any mountain in Palestine is a mere hill) w. βουνός Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); 23:30 (Hos 10:8). W. πέτρα Rv 6:16; cp. vs. 15. W. πεδίον (SIG 888, 120f) Hs 8, 1, 1; 8, 3, 2. W. νῆσος Rv 6:14; 16:20. As the scene of outstanding events and as places of solitude (PTebt 383, 61 [46 A.D.] ὄρος denotes ‘desert’; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 40 Zoroaster withdraws fr. among men and lives ἐν ὄρει; Herm. Wr. 13 ins. Hermes teaches his son Tat ἐν ὄρει) mountains play a large part in the gospels and in the apocalypses: Jesus preaches and heals on ‘the’ mountain Mt 5:1 (HCarré, JBL 42, 1923, 39–48; Appian, Mithrid. 77 §334 understands τὸ ὄρος in ref. to the Bithynian Olympus, but without naming it.—On the Sermon on the Mount s. GHeinrici, Beiträge II 1899; III 1905; JMüller, D. Bergpredigt 1906; KProost, De Bergrede 1914; HWeinel, D. Bergpr. 1920; KBornhäuser, D. Bergpr. 1923, ²1927; PFiebig, Jesu Bergpr. 1924; GKittel D. Bergpr. u. d. Ethik d. Judentums: ZST 2, 1925, 555–94; ASteinmann, D. Bergpr. 1926; AAhlberg, Bergpredikans etik 1930; MMeinertz, Z. Ethik d. Bergpr.: JMausbach Festschr. ’31, 21–32; HHuber, D. Bergpredigt ’32; RSeeberg, Z. Ethik der Bergpr. ’34; JSchneider, D. Sinn d. Bergpr. ’36; ALindsay, The Moral Teaching of Jesus ’37; MDibelius, The Sermon on the Mount ’40; TSoiron, D. Bergpr. Jesu ’41; DAndrews, The Sermon on the Mount ’42; HPreisker, D. Ethos des Urchristentums² ’49; HWindisch, The Mng. of the Sermon on the Mount [tr. Gilmour] ’51; WManson, Jesus the Messiah ’52, 77–93; TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54; GBornkamm, Jesus v. Naz. ’56, 92–100, 201–4 [Eng. tr. by JRobinson et al. ’60, 100–109, 221–25]; JJeremias, Die Bergpredigt ’59; JDupont, Les Béatitudes, I, rev. ed. ’58; II, ’69; W Davies, The Setting of the Sermon on the Mount, ’64; JManek, NovT 9, ’67, 124–31; HDBetz, The Sermon on the Mt [Hermeneia] ’95.—On the site of the Sermon, CKopp, The Holy Places of the Gosp., ’63, 204–13); 8:1; 15:29; calls the twelve Mk 3:13; performs oustanding miracles J 6:3; prays Mt 14:23; Mk 6:46; Lk 6:12; 9:28; ApcPt 2:4. On an ὄρος ὑψηλόν (Lucian, Charon 2) he is transfigured Mt 17:1; Mk 9:2 and tempted Mt 4:8; the risen Christ shows himself on a mountain (cp. Herm. Wr. 13, 1) Mt 28:16. Jesus is taken away by the Holy Spirit εἰς τὸ ὄρος τὸ μέγα τὸ Θαβώρ GHb 20, 61 (cp. Iren. 1, 14, 6 [Harv. I 139, 8: gnostic speculation]); likew. the author of Rv ἐπὶ ὄρος μέγα κ. ὑψηλόν Rv 21:10. From the top of one mountain the angel of repentance shows Hermas twelve other mountains Hs 9, 1, 4; 7ff. On the use of mt. in apocalyptic lang. s. also Rv 8:8; 17:9 (ἑπτὰ ὄρ. as En 24:2. Cp. JohJeremias, D. Gottesberg 1919; RFrieling, D. hl. Berg im A u. NT 1930). GJs 22:3 ὄρ. θεοῦ, where follows ἐδιχάσθη τὸ ὄρ. and ἦν τὸ ὄρ. ἐκεῖνο διαφαῖνον αὐτῇ φῶς the mt. split and that mt. was a bright light for her. On theophanies and mountain motif s. JReeves, Heralds of That Good Realm ’96, 148f.—Of the mt. to which Abraham brought his son, to sacrifice him there 1 Cl 10:7 (cp. Gen 22:2; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 7 Jac.). Esp. of Sinai (over a dozen sites have been proposed for it) τὸ ὄρος Σινά (LXX.—τὸ Σιναῖον ὄρ. Jos., Ant. 2, 283f) Ac 7:30, 38; Gal 4:24f; 11:3 (cp. Is 16:1); 14:2 (cp. Ex 31:18); 15:1; also without mention of the name: Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40); 12:20 (cp. Ex 19:13); 1 Cl 53:2; 4:7. Of the hill of Zion (Σιών) Hb 12:22; Rv 14:1. τὸ ὄρ. τῶν ἐλαιῶν the Hill or Mount of Olives (s. ἐλαία 1; about 17 meters higher than Jerusalem) Mt 21:1; 26:30; Mk 14:26; Lk 19:37; 22:39; J 8:1 al. τὸ ὄρ. τὸ καλούμενον Ἐλαιῶν Lk 19:29; 21:37; Ac 1:12 (s. ἐλαιών). Of Mt. Gerizim, about 868 meters in height (without mention of the name) J 4:20f (cp. Jos., Ant. 12, 10; 13, 74).—πόλις ἐπάνω ὄρους κειμένη a city located on an eminence or hill Mt 5:14 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 203 πόλις ἐπʼ ὄρους κειμένη). Also πόλις οἰκοδομημένη ἐπʼ ἄκρον ὄρους ὑψηλοῦ Ox 1 recto, 17 (GTh 32) (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἀστέριον says this city was so named ὅτι ἐφʼ ὑψηλοῦ ὄρους κειμένη τοῖς πόρρωθεν ὡς ἀστὴρ φαίνεται).—Pl. τὰ ὄρη hills, mountains, hilly or mountainous country (somet. the sing. also means hill-country [Diod S 20, 58, 2 an ὄρος ὑψηλὸν that extends for 200 stades, roughly 40 km.; Polyaenus 4, 2, 4 al. sing. = hill-country; Tob 5:6 S]) AcPl Ha 5, 18; as a place for pasture Mt 18:12.—Mk 5:11; Lk 8:32. As a remote place (s. above; also Dio Chrys. 4, 4) w. ἐρημίαι Hb 11:38. As a place for graves (cp. POxy 274, 27 [I A.D.]; PRyl 153, 5; PGrenf II, 77, 22: the grave-digger is to bring a corpse εἰς τὸ ὄρος for burial) Mk 5:5. Because of their isolation an ideal refuge for fugitives (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 30 §130 ἐς ὄρος ἔφυγεν=to the hill-country; 1 Macc 9:40) φεύγειν εἰς τὰ ὄρ. (Plut., Mor. 869b οἱ ἄνθρωποι καταφυγόντες εἰς τὰ ὄρη διεσώθησαν; Jos., Bell. 1, 36, Ant. 14, 418) Mt 24:16; Mk 13:14; Lk 21:21.—Proverbially ὄρη μεθιστάνειν remove mountains i.e. do something that seems impossible 1 Cor 13:2; cp. Mt 17:20; 21:21; Mk 11:23. Of God: μεθιστάνει τοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ τὰ ὄρη καὶ τοὺς βουνοὺς καὶ τὰς θαλάσσας (God) is moving from their places the heavens and mountains and hills and seas Hv 1, 3, 4 (cp. Is 54:10 and a similar combination PGM 13, 874 αἱ πέτραι κ. τὰ ὄρη κ. ἡ θάλασσα κτλ.).—B. 23. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.