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1 Sentence: word order

Порядок слов в повествовательном предложении

↑ Word order

1) Нормальный порядок слов в повествовательном предложении таков: Подлежащее (Subject) + Сказуемое (Predicate).

The child was sleeping. — Ребенок спал (child - подлежащее, was sleeping - сказуемое).

2) В случае, если глагол имеет дополнение (Object), оно обычно следует за глаголом: Подлежащее + Сказуемое + Дополнение.

I can see the morning star. — Я вижу утреннюю звезду ( the morning star - дополнение)

3) Если глагол имеет два дополнения: прямое (Direct object) и непрямое (Indirect object), то непрямое дополнение находится перед прямым, то есть порядок слов следующий: Подлежащее + Сказуемое + Непрямое дополнение + Прямое дополнение.

I will leave him a note. — Я оставлю ему записку (him - непрямое дополнение, a note - прямое дополнение).

4)

а) Комплемент ( Complement), присоединяемый к глаголу, не имеющему дополнения, ставится после глагола: Подлежащее + Сказуемое + Комплемент.

He is sick. — Он болен ( sick - комплемент).

б) Если глагол имеет дополнение, то комплемент следует за дополнением: Подлежащее + Сказуемое + Дополнение + Комплемент.

I thought him very sly. — Я считал его очень хитрым.(him - дополнение, very sly - комплемент).

5) Обстоятельство может принимать в предложении различные позиции; подробнее о позиции обстоятельства см. Adverbial: position.

6) Все вышеперечисленные правила действуют в повествовательном предложении при нормальном порядке слов. Порядок слов меняется при образовании вопроса (см. Question) и отрицания (Negative sentence); об измененном порядке слов в повествовательных предложениях см. Inversion.

English-Russian grammar dictionary > Sentence: word order
2 ♦ sentence

♦ sentence /ˈsɛntəns/
n.

1 (leg.) sentenza; giudizio: a sentence of the court, una sentenza del tribunale; to pass (o to pronounce) sentence, emettere una sentenza; condannare; to serve a sentence, scontare una condanna; scontare una pena detentiva

2 (leg.) condanna: a heavy sentence, una grave condanna; a light sentence, una condanna lieve; a stiff sentence, una dura condanna; a death sentence, una condanna a morte; custodial sentence, condanna (a pena) detentiva; non-custodial sentence, condanna (a pena) non detentiva

3 (ling.) frase; proposizione; periodo: a simple [compound, complex] sentence, una frase semplice [composta, complessa]; sentence-word, parola-frase NOTA D'USO: - frase-

4 (mus.) frase musicale.
(to) sentence /ˈsɛntəns/ (leg.)
A v. t.

emettere sentenza contro (q.); condannare ( anche fig.): to sentence sb. in default, condannare q. in contumacia; He was sentenced to death, è stato condannato a morte; The old building was sentenced to destruction, il vecchio edificio è stato condannato alla demolizione

B v. i.

(leg.) emettere la sentenza.

English-Italian dictionary > ♦ sentence
3 Sentence

Предложение

↑ Syntax

1) Simple sentence( Простое предложение)

Sentence: word order( Порядок слов в простом предложении)

2) Сложное предложение:

а) Compound sentence( Сложносочиненное предложение)

б) Complex sentence( Сложноподчиненное предложение)

3) Clause elements( Члены предложения)

English-Russian grammar dictionary > Sentence
4 Word order

Порядок слов

↑ Syntax

1. Порядок слов в повествовательном предложении: Sentence: word order.

2. Порядок слов в вопросительном предложении: Question.

3. Обратный порядок слов: Inversion.

4. Опущение слов в предложениях: Ellipsis.

English-Russian grammar dictionary > Word order
5 sentence

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[English Word] sentence

[English Plural] sentences

[Swahili Word] sentensi

[Swahili Plural] sentensi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

[Derived Language] English

[Derived Word] sentence

[Terminology] grammar

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[English Word] affirmative sentence

[English Plural] affirmative sentences

[Swahili Word] sentensi ya kukubali

[Swahili Plural] sentensi za kukubali

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

[Derived Language] English

[Derived Word] sentence

[Terminology] grammar

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[English Word] sentence

[Swahili Word] kauli

[Swahili Plural] kauli

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

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[English Word] sentence

[English Plural] sentences

[Swahili Word] hukumu

[Swahili Plural] hukumu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10

[Derived Word] hakama, hakimu, hekima, hekimiza, mahakma

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[English Word] jail sentence

[English Plural] sentences

[Swahili Word] kifungo

[Swahili Plural] vifungo

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] -funga

[Related Words] kifungoni

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[English Word] sentence

[Swahili Word] -hukumu

[Part of Speech] verb

[Derived Word] hakama, hakimu, hekima, hekimiza, mahakma

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[English Word] pass a sentence

[Swahili Word] -pitisha hukumu

[Part of Speech] verb

[English Example] The sentence (s)he passed on Yohana was cruel.

[Swahili Example] hukumu aliyopitisha Yohana ilikuwa ya kikatili [Ng]

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[English Word] sentence

[Swahili Word] -adhibu

[Part of Speech] verb

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[English Word] sentence

[Swahili Word] -adhibisha

[Part of Speech] verb

[Class] causative

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[English Word] sentence

[Swahili Word] -zia

[Part of Speech] verb

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English-Swahili dictionary > sentence
6 sentence

1. noun
1) (decision of lawcourt) [Straf]urteil, das; (fig.) Strafe, die

pass sentence [on somebody] — [jemandem] das Urteil verkünden

be under sentence of death — zum Tode verurteilt sein

2) (Ling.) Satz, der
2. transitive verb
(lit. or fig.) verurteilen (to zu)

* * *
['sentəns] 1. noun
1) (a number of words forming a complete statement: `I want it', and `Give it to me!' are sentences.) der Satz

2) (a punishment imposed by a lawcourt: a sentence of three years' imprisonment; He is under sentence of death.) das Urteil
2. verb
((usually with to) to condemn to a particular punishment: He was sentenced to life imprisonment.) verurteilen

* * *

sen·tence

[ˈsentən(t)s]

I. n

1. (court decision) Urteil nt; (punishment) Strafe f

death \sentence [or \sentence of death] Todesstrafe f

jail [or prison] \sentence Gefängnisstrafe f

life \sentence lebenslängliche Haftstrafe

a heavy/light \sentence eine hohe/niedrige Strafe

to get a three-month \sentence eine Haftstrafe von drei Monaten bekommen

to pronounce [or pass] [a] \sentence on sb über jdn ein [o das] Urteil fällen

to serve a \sentence eine Strafe verbüßen [o fam absitzen

2. (word group) Satz m

\sentence structure Satzbau m

II. vt

▪ to \sentence sb to sth jdn zu etw dat verurteilen

the judge \sentenced her to three years in prison der Richter verurteilte sie zu drei Jahren Gefängnis

* * *
['sentəns]
1. n

1) (GRAM) Satz m

sentence structure — Satzbau m; (of particular sentence) Satzaufbau m, Satzstruktur f

2) (JUR) Strafe f

to be under sentence of death — zum Tode verurteilt sein

the judge gave him a 6-month sentence — der Richter verurteilte ihn zu 6 Monaten Haft

to pass sentence (on sb) — (über jdn) das Urteil verkünden; (fig) jdn verurteilen

2. vt (JUR)
verurteilen
he was sentenced to life imprisonment — er wurde zu lebenslänglichem Freiheitsentzug verurteilt

* * *

sentence [ˈsentəns]

A s

1. LING Satz(verbindung) m(f):

complex sentence Satzgefüge n;

sentence stress Satzbetonung f;

sentence structure Satzbau m

2. JUR

a) ( besonders Straf)Urteil n:

pass sentence (up)on das (fig ein) Urteil fällen über (akk), verurteilen (a. fig);

under sentence of death zum Tode verurteilt

b) Strafe f:

serve a sentence of imprisonment eine Freiheitsstrafe verbüßen oder absitzen

3. obs Sentenz f, Aus-, Sinnspruch m

B v/t JUR und fig verurteilen (to zu)

* * *
1. noun
1) (decision of lawcourt) [Straf]urteil, das; (fig.) Strafe, die

pass sentence [on somebody] — [jemandem] das Urteil verkünden

be under sentence of death — zum Tode verurteilt sein

2) (Ling.) Satz, der
2. transitive verb
(lit. or fig.) verurteilen (to zu)

* * *

(court of law) n.

Urteil -e n.

Urteilsspruch m. n.

Bestrafung f.

Satz ¨-e m.

English-german dictionary > sentence
7 sentence

sen·tence [ʼsentən(t)s] n

1) ( court decision) Urteil nt; ( punishment) Strafe f;

death \sentence [or \sentence of death] Todesstrafe f;

jail [or prison] \sentence Gefängnisstrafe f;

life \sentence lebenslängliche Haftstrafe;

a heavy/light \sentence eine hohe/niedrige Strafe;

to get a three-month \sentence eine Haftstrafe von drei Monaten bekommen;

to pronounce [or pass] [a] \sentence on sb über jdn ein [o das] Urteil fällen;

to serve a \sentence eine Strafe verbüßen [o ( fam) absitzen];

2) ( word group) Satz m;

\sentence structure Satzbau m vt

to \sentence sb to sth jdn zu etw dat verurteilen;

the judge \sentenced her to three years in prison der Richter verurteilte sie zu drei Jahren Gefängnis

English-German students dictionary > sentence
8 word

a unit of language functioning within the sentence or within a part of it which by its sound or graphical form expresses a concrete or abstract notion or a grammatical notion through one of its meanings and which is capable of enriching its semantic structure by acquiring new meanings and losing old ones (I.R.G.)

See: sign, lexical SDs, Stylistics

English-Russian dictionary of stylistics (terminology and examples) > word
9 word sentence

Психология: слово-предложение

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > word sentence
10 word sentence

слово-предложение

Англо-русский словарь по психоаналитике > word sentence
11 Simple sentence

Простое предложение

↑ Sentence.

1)

а) Простое предложение в английском языке обычно имеет одно подлежащее ( Subject) и одно сказуемое (Predicate).

I've got many friends. — У меня много друзей.

б) Простые предложения могут, соединяясь, образовывать сложное.

2) О членах предложения см. Clause elements.

3) О порядке слов в простом предложении см. Sentence: word order.

•

— Сложносочиненное предложение см. Compound sentence

— Сложноподчинённое предложение см. Complex sentence

English-Russian grammar dictionary > Simple sentence
12 to cross a sentence

to cross (out) a sentence (word) зачёркивать предложение (слово)

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > to cross a sentence
13 one-word\ sentences

possess a very strong emphatic impact, for their only word obtains both the word- and the sentence-stress. The word constituting a sentence also obtains its own sentence-intonation which, too, helps to foreground the content. (V.A.K.)

I like people. Not just empty streets and dead buildings. People. People. (P.Abrahams)

See: punctuation, syntactical SDs

English-Russian dictionary of stylistics (terminology and examples) > one-word\ sentences
14 judgement (sentence)
1. приговор
приговор
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

judgement (sentence)
The official and authentic decision of a court of justice upon the respective rights and claims of the parties to an action or suit therein litigated and submitted to its determination. The final decision of the court resolving the dispute and determining the rights and obligations of the parties. The law's last word in a judicial controversy, it being the final determination by a court of the rights of the parties upon matters submitted to it in an action or proceeding. (Source: WESTS)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- judgement (sentence)
DE
- Gerichtsurteil
FR
- arręt (droit)
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > judgement (sentence)
15 to rub the sentence off the blackboard

to rub the sentence (the word) off the blackboard стирать предложение (слово) с доски

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > to rub the sentence off the blackboard
16 to underline a word with one line

to underline a word (a letter, a sentence) with one line (with two lines) подчеркнуть слово (букву, предложение) одной чертой (двумя чертами)

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > to underline a word with one line
17 (the) word means..

the word (sentence) means.. это слово (предложение) значит.../означает..

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > (the) word means..
18 break

break

A n

1 ( fracture) fracture f ;

2 ( crack) (in plate, plank, surface) fêlure f ;

3 ( gap) (in fence, wall) brèche f ; (in row, line) espace m ; (in circuit, chain, sequence) rupture f ; (in conversation, match) pause f ; ( in performance) entracte m ; (in traffic, procession) trou m, espace m ; a break in the clouds une éclaircie ; a break in transmission une interruption dans la retransmission ;

4 Radio, TV ( also commercial break) page f de publicité ; we're going to take a break now tout de suite, une page de publicité ;

5 ( pause) gen pause f ; Sch récréation f ; to take a break faire une pause ; I walked/worked for six hours without a break j'ai marché/travaillé pendant six heures sans m'arrêter ; to have a break from work arrêter de travailler ; to take ou have a break from working/driving ne plus travailler/conduire pendant un temps ; to take ou have a break from nursing/teaching arrêter le métier d'infirmière/d'enseignant pendant un temps ; I often give her a break from looking after the kids je m'occupe souvent des enfants pour qu'elle se repose ; give us a break ○ ! fiche-nous la paix ○ ! ;

6 ( holiday) vacances fpl ; the Christmas break les vacances de Noël ; a weekend break in Milan un week-end à Milan ;

7 fig ( departure) rupture f (with avec) ; a break with tradition/the past une rupture avec la tradition/le passé ; it's time to make a ou the break ( from family) il est temps de voler de ses propres ailes ; ( from job) il est temps de passer à autre chose ;

8 ○ ( opportunity) chance f ; her big break came in 1973 1973 a été l'année de sa veine ○ ; he gave me a break il m'a donné ma chance ; a lucky break un coup de veine ○ ; a bad break des déboires mpl ; to give sb an even break donner sa chance à qn ;

9 ( dawn) at the break of day au lever du jour, à l'aube f ;

10 ( escape bid) to make a break for it ○ ( from prison) se faire la belle ○ ; to make a break for the door/the trees se précipiter vers la porte/les arbres ;

11 Print line break fin f d'alinéa ; page break changement m de page ; paragraph break fin f de paragraphe ;

12 ( in tennis) ( also service break) break m ;

13 (in snooker, pool) ( first shot) it's your break c'est à toi de casser ; ( series of shots) to make a 50 point break marquer une série de 50 points ;

14 Mus ( in jazz) break m.

B vtr ( prét broke ; pp broken)

1 ( damage) casser [chair, eggs, rope, stick, toy] ; casser, briser [glass, plate, window] ; casser [machine] ; to break a tooth/a nail/a bone se casser une dent/un ongle/un os ; to break one's leg/arm se casser la jambe/le bras ; to break one's back lit se casser la colonne vertébrale ; I nearly broke my back moving the piano fig j'ai failli me briser les reins en déplaçant le piano ; to break one's neck lit avoir une rupture des vertèbres cervicales ; somebody is going to break their neck on those steps fig quelqu'un va se casser la figure sur ces marches ○ ; she broke the bottle over his head elle lui a cassé la bouteille sur la tête ;

2 (split, rupture) briser [seal] ; couper [sentence, word] ; the skin is not broken il n'y a pas de plaie ; not a ripple broke the surface of the water pas une ride ne troublait la surface de l'eau ; to break surface [diver, submarine] remonter à la surface ; the river broke its banks la rivière a débordé ;

3 ( interrupt) [person] rompre [silence] ; [shout, siren] déchirer [silence] ; couper [circuit, current] ; rompre [monotony, spell] ; rompre [ties, links] (with avec) ; to break one's silence sortir de son silence (on à propos de) ; to break sb's concentration déconcentrer qn ; we broke our journey in Milan nous avons fait un arrêt à Milan ; the tower breaks the line of the roof/of the horizon la tour rompt la ligne du toit/de l'horizon ; to break step rompre le pas ;

4 ( disobey) enfreindre [law] ; ne pas respecter [embargo, blockade, conditions, terms] ; violer [treaty] ; désobéir à [commandment, rule] ; briser [strike] ; rompre [vow] ; manquer [appointment] ; he broke his word/promise il a manqué à sa parole/promesse ;

5 (exceed, surpass) dépasser [speed limit, bounds] ; battre [record, opponent] ; franchir [speed barrier] ; briser [class barrier] ;

6 ( lessen the impact of) couper [wind] ; [branches] freiner [fall] ; [hay] amortir [fall] ;

7 fig ( destroy) [troops] briser [rebellion] ; briser [person, resistance, determination, will] ; to break sb's spirit saper le moral de qn ; to break sb's hold over sb débarrasser qn de l'emprise de qn ; discussions which aim to break this deadlock des discussions qui visent à nous sortir de cette impasse ; to break a habit se défaire d'une habitude ;

8 ( ruin) ruiner [person] ; this contract will make or break the company ( financially) ce contrat fera la fortune ou la ruine de l'entreprise ; this decision will make or break me ( personally) cette décision sera mon salut ou ma perte ;

9 Equit débourrer [young horse] ;

10 ( in tennis) to break sb's serve faire le break ;

11 Mil casser [officer] ;

12 ( decipher) déchiffrer [cipher, code] ;

13 ( leave) to break camp lever le camp ;

14 ( announce) annoncer [news] ; révéler [truth] ; to break the news to sb apprendre la nouvelle à qn ; break it to her gently annonce-lui la nouvelle avec douceur.

C vi ( prét broke ; pp broken)

1 ( be damaged) [branch, chair, egg, handle, tooth, string] se casser ; [plate, glass, window] se briser ; [arm, bone, leg] se fracturer ; [bag] se déchirer ; china breaks easily la porcelaine se casse facilement ; the vase broke in two/into a thousand pieces le vase s'est brisé en deux/en mille morceaux ; the sound of breaking glass le bruit de verre brisé ;

2 ( separate) [clouds] se disperser ; [waves] se briser (against contre ; on, over sur) ;

3 Sport [boxers] se séparer ; ‘break! ’ ( referee 's command) ‘break!’ ;

4 ( stop for a rest) faire une pause ;

5 ( change) [good weather] se gâter ; [drought, heatwave] cesser ; [luck] tourner ;

6 ( begin) [day] se lever ; [storm] éclater ; [scandal, news story] éclater ;

7 ( discontinue) to break with sb rompre les relations avec qn ; to break with a party/the church quitter un parti/l'église ; to break with tradition/convention rompre avec la tradition/les conventions ;

8 ( weaken) their spirit never broke leur moral n'a jamais faibli ; to break under torture/interrogation céder sous la torture/l'interrogation ;

9 ( change tone) [boy's voice] muer ; her voice breaks on the high notes sa voix s'éraille dans les aigus ; in a voice breaking with emotion d 'une voix brisée par l'émotion ;

10 (in snooker, pool) casser.

Phrasal verbs

■ break away:

▶ break away

1 ( become detached) [island, shell] se détacher (from de) ; to break away from [group, person] rompre avec [family, party, organization] ; [state] se séparer de [union] ; [animal] se détacher de [herd] ; [boat] rompre [moorings] ;

2 ( escape) échapper (from à) ;

3 Sport [runner, cyclist] se détacher (from de) ;

▶ break away [sth], break [sth] away enlever [outer shell, casing].

■ break down:

▶ break down

1 ( stop functioning) [car, elevator, machine] tomber en panne ; we broke down on the main street nous sommes tombés en panne sur la grand-rue ;

2 ( collapse) fig [alliance, coalition] éclater ; [negotiations] échouer ; [contact, communication] cesser ; [law and order] se dégrader ; [argument] ne pas tenir debout ; [system] s'effondrer ; [person] s'effondrer, craquer ; he broke down under the strain il a craqué sous la pression ;

3 ( cry) fondre en larmes ;

4 ( be classified) [cost findings, statistics] se décomposer (into en) ; the cost of the repair breaks down as follows le prix de la réparation se décompose ainsi ;

5 ( decompose) [compound] se décomposer (en into) ;

6 ( confess) ( under interrogation) céder ;

▶ break [sth] down, break down [sth]

1 ( demolish) lit enfoncer [door] ; démolir [fence, wall] ; fig faire tomber [barriers] ; vaincre [opposition, resistance, shyness] ;

2 ( analyse) ventiler [budget, cost, expenses, statistics] ; décomposer [word] (into en) ; décomposer [data, findings] (into par) ; décomposer [argument] ;

3 ( cause to decompose) décomposer [compound, gas] (into en) ; [enzyme, catalyst] dissoudre [protein, starch] ; [gastric juices] dissoudre [food].

■ break even Fin rentrer dans ses frais.

■ break forth littér [sun, water] jaillir (from de).

■ break free:

▶ break free [prisoner] s'évader ; to break free of se couper de [family] ; échapper à [captor].

■ break in

1 ( enter forcibly) [thief] entrer (par effraction) ; [police] entrer de force ; the burglar broke in through a window le cambrioleur est entré par une fenêtre ;

2 ( interrupt) interrompre ; ‘I don't want to go,’ he broke in ‘je ne veux pas y aller,’ a-t-il interrompu ; to break in on sb/sth interrompre qn/qch ;

▶ break [sth] in débourrer [young horse] ; assouplir [shoe] ; to break in one's glasses s'habituer à ses lunettes ;

▶ break [sb] in accoutumer [qn] au travail [recruit, newcomer] ; to break sb in gently donner le temps à qn de s'accoutumer au travail.

■ break into:

▶ break into [sth]

1 ( enter by force) entrer dans [qch] (par effraction) [building] ; forcer la portière de [car] ; forcer [safe, till] ; her car was broken into sa voiture a été cambriolée ;

2 ( start to use) entamer [new packet, new bottle, banknote, savings] ;

3 ( encroach on) empiéter sur [leisure time, working day] ; couper [morning, day] ;

4 ( begin to do) to break into song/cheers se mettre à chanter/acclamer ; to break into peals of laughter éclater de rire ; to break into a run/gallop se mettre à courir/au galop ;

5 ( make headway) [company] s'implanter sur [market] ; [person] s'introduire dans [job market] ; [person] percer dans [show business].

■ break loose [dog, horse] s'échapper (from de).

■ break off:

▶ break off

1 ( snap off) [end, mast, tip] se casser ; [handle, piece] se détacher ;

2 ( stop speaking) s'interrompre ; she broke off to answer the phone elle s'est interrompue pour répondre au téléphone ;

3 ( pause) faire une pause, s'arrêter ;

▶ break off [sth], break [sth] off

1 ( snap) casser [branch, piece, segment, mast] ;

2 ( terminate) rompre [engagement, relationship, contact, negotiations, ties] ; interrompre [conversation] ; they decided to break it off (relationship, engagement) ils ont décidé de rompre ; to break off doing arrêter de faire.

■ break out:

▶ break out

1 ( erupt) [epidemic, fire] se déclarer ; [fight, panic, riot, storm] éclater ; [rash] apparaître ; to break out in a rash ou in spots [person] avoir une éruption de boutons ; [face] se couvrir de boutons ; to break out in a sweat se mettre à transpirer ;

2 ( escape) [prisoner] s'évader ; to break out of s'échapper de [cage, prison] ; sortir de [routine, vicious circle] ; se libérer de [chains, straitjacket].

■ break through:

▶ break through [army] faire une percée ;

▶ break through [sth] percer [defences, reserve] ; franchir [barrier, cordon] ; se frayer un passage à travers [crowd] ; traverser [mur] ; [sun] percer [clouds].

■ break up:

▶ break up

1 ( disintegrate) lit [wreck] se désagréger ; fig [empire] s'effondrer ; [alliance] éclater ; [group, family, couple] se séparer ; their marriage/relationship is breaking up leur mariage/relation va mal ;

2 ( disperse) [crowd] se disperser ; [cloud, slick] se disperser ; [meeting] se terminer ;

3 GB Sch schools break up on Friday les cours finissent vendredi ; we break up for Christmas on Tuesday pour Noël, nous finissons mardi ;

▶ break [sth] up, break up [sth] ( split up) disperser [demonstrators] ; démanteler [spy ring, drugs ring] ; séparer [team, couple] ; désunir [family] ; briser [alliance, marriage] ; démembrer [empire] ; diviser [sentence, word] (into en) ; morceler [land] ; [diagrams] aérer [text] ; mettre fin à [party, fight, demonstration] ; break it up! ( stop fighting) ça suffit maintenant!

Big English-French dictionary > break
19 Predicate

Сказуемое

↑ Clause elements.

Главный член предложения, называющий действие, состояние или свойство. Сказуемое согласуется в числе с подлежащим (Subject).

1) Сказуемое может выражаться:

а) простым глаголом:

He sat down by the window. — Он сел у окна.

Mrs. Barrett mourned for him five lively months at most. — Миссис Беррет оплакивала его самое большее пять полных месяцев.

б) сложной глагольной формой (один или несколько вспомогательных глаголов и основной глагол):

The book when Percy found it was being treated as waste paper and used for fire-lighting. — Книга, когда Перси ее нашел, использовалась как ненужная бумага для разведения огня.

2) Глагол be (а также некоторые другие глаголы, список см. Complement, 1а) самостоятельно выступая в функции сказуемого, требует после себя комплемента - члена предложения, дополняющего значение сказуемого (см. Complement).

A sentence is a complete unit of meaning. — Предложение - это законченная единица смысла.

Eliza instantly became cool and elegant. — Элиза внезапно стала холодна и изысканна.

3) Позиция глагола в предложении.

В повествовательном предложении при обычном порядке слов глагол стоит на втором месте (после подлежащего). Подробнее о порядке слов в повествовательном предложении см. Sentence: word order. В вопросительных предложениях (см. Question), а также при обратном порядке слов (см. Inversion), позиция сказуемого меняется.

When did you take your car in for a service? — Когда ты отдал свою машину в сервис?

•

— Подлежащее см. Subject

— Дополнение см. Object

— Комплемент см. Complement

— Обстоятельство см. Adverbial

English-Russian grammar dictionary > Predicate
20 Subject

Подлежащее

↑ Clause elements

1) Подлежащее обычно обозначает то лицо или предмет, который производит действие или является носителем состояния (см. State verbs). В пассивной конструкции подлежащим является то лицо или предмет, который подвергается действию (см. Passive).

2) В обычном утвердительном предложении подлежащее находится в начальной позиции (подробнее о порядке слов см. Sentence: word order). Позиция подлежащего меняется:

а) при образовании вопросов (см. Question)

б) при образовании отрицаний (см. Negative sentence)

в) в некоторых случаях при инвертированном порядке слов (см. Inversion)

•

The shops close at 7 tonight. — Магазины закрываются сегодня в 7.

When do the shops close tonight? — Когда сегодня закрываются магазины?

3)

а) Подлежащее обычно выражается существительным ( Noun), местоимением (Pronoun) или именной группой (например, существительным и определяющим его прилагательным).

He has brought nothing but trouble here! — Он ничего не принес, кроме неприятностей!

In a remote corner, a small spectacled person was busy writing at a table. —В дальнем углу за столом сидел маленький человек в очках и что-то писал.

б) бывают случаи, когда подлежащее выражено целым придаточным предложением (такое придаточное называется именным, см. Nominal clause):

All you need to do is give him a call. — Единственное, что тебе нужно сделать - это ему позвонить. (Тебе нужно только ему позвонить)

4) Подлежащее согласуется в числе со сказуемым ( Predicate).

Troubles were many. — Проблем было много.

5) Иногда предложение содержит несовпадающее с логическим подлежащим формальное ("пустое") подлежащее (см. Empty subject: "it" and "there").

It's a pity my plan is spoilt. — Жаль, что мой план не удался.

6) О конструкции со сложным подлежащим см. Complex subject.

•

— Дополнение см. Object

— Сказуемое см. Predicate

English-Russian grammar dictionary > Subject

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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sentence-word

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