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1 reduced vowel
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > reduced vowel
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2 reduced vowel
редуцированный гласныйАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > reduced vowel
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3 reduced\ vowel
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4 reduced vowel
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5 reduced vowel
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6 vowel
ˈvauəl сущ. гласный (звук) back vowel closed vowel front vowel high vowel lax vowel long vowel middle vowel nasal vowel open vowel reduced vowel short vowel stressed vowel tense vowel unstressed vowel гласный (звук) - * gradation аблаут, морфологически обусловленное чередование гласных гласная буква гласный обозначать гласные значками (в семитских языках) vowel гласный (звук) -
7 vowel
['vauəl]сущ.; лингв.1) гласный звук- closed vowel
- front vowel
- high vowel
- lax vowel
- long vowel
- middle vowel
- nasal vowel
- open vowel
- reduced vowel
- short vowel
- stressed vowel
- tense vowel
- unstressed vowel
- vowel harmony -
8 vowel
['vauəl]nгласный звук, гласная буква- long vowel
- open vowel
- reduced vowel
- short vowel
- stressed vowel
- unstressed vowel
- vowel harmony -
9 reduced
[rɪ'djuːst]прил.1) сниженный, уменьшенный (в размере, количестве, цене и т. п.)She came up to London and bought reduced coats and shoes for the little girls. (E. Bowen) — Она приехала в Лондон и купила пальто и туфли для малышек по сниженным ценам.
Syn:2) похудевший, истощённыйSyn:weakened, impaired3) обедневшийSyn:4) угнетённый, подавленный; покорённыйSyn:5) лингв. редуцированный ( о типе звука)6) мат. приведённый; сокращённый7) воен.; уст. уволенный в запас, списанный•Gram:[ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]Reduced adverbial clause[/ref] -
10 reduced
[rɪ'djuːst]1) Общая лексика: льготный, обедневший, ослабевший, пониженный, понизившийся, сниженный, стеснённый, уменьшенный, усечённый2) Компьютерная техника: сжатый3) Геология: сплющенный (о складках)4) Военный термин: уменьшенный заряд, уничтоженный5) Химия: восстановленный, измельчённый, приведённый, редуцированный6) Математика: приведенное произведение (фильтрованное), редуцированный нормальный закон, сведённый, свелись, сводить, сокращённый, сокращающийся, стянутый, устранённый7) Лингвистика: редуцированный гласный (vowel)8) Автомобильный термин: приведённый (о температуре или давлении)9) Психология: похудевший10) Нефть: радиус11) Космонавтика: облегчённый12) Полимеры: молотый, ослабленный, преобразованный, разбавленный, разбелённый (о пигменте)13) Автоматика: приведённый (напр. о коэффициенте)14) юр.Н.П. урезанный15) Макаров: неполный16) Нумизматика: уменьшенный (размер) -
11 редуцированный гласный
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > редуцированный гласный
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12 редуцированный гласный
Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > редуцированный гласный
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13 редуцированный гласный
Русско-английский синонимический словарь > редуцированный гласный
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14 гласный
I муж. (открытый, публичный) public;
open II
1. прил.;
линг. vowel, vocalic гласный звук ≈ vowel sound, vowel краткий гласный ≈ short( vowel) гласные переднего ряда ≈ front vowels
2. муж.;
скл. как прил. vowel редуцированный гласный ≈ reduced vowel открытый гласный ≈ open vowel носовой гласный ≈ nasal vowel ненапряженный гласный ≈ lax vowel закрытый гласный ≈ closed vowel нейтральный гласный ≈ schwa назализованный гласный ≈ orinasal vowel долгий гласный ≈ long фон. безударный гласный ≈ unstressed vowel ударный гласный ≈ stressed vowel III муж.;
скл. как прил.;
ист. (town-) council(l) or, member of the city duma
1. a. open, public
2. n. vowel -
15 гласный
I муж.(открытый, публичный) public; openII 1. прил.; лингв.vowel, vocalicгласный звук — vowel sound, vowel
2. муж.; скл. как прил.краткий гласный — лингв. short (vowel)
III муж.; скл. как прил.; истор.долгий гласный — long фон.
(town-)council(l)or, member of the city duma -
16 ἐλαχύς
Grammatical information: adj.Other forms: ἐλάχεια hAP 197 (on the accent Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 115f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1172f., Schwyzer 379; ι 116, κ 509 as v. l. to λάχεια; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 54;, ἐλαχύ (AP); masc. also ἔλαχος (Call., s. Leumann l. c.);Compounds: As 1. member in ἐλαχυ-πτέρυξ, [ἐλα]χύ-νωτος (Pi.).Derivatives: Comp. ἐλά̄σσων, - ττων (Il.), Sup. ἐλᾰ́χιστος (Ion.-Att.). - From ἐλάσσων, - ττων (Schwyzer 731f.): denomin. ἐλασσόομαι, - ττόομαι `become smaller, be inferior, be damaged' (Ion.-Att.), - όω `diminish, damage' (Lys., Isok.) with ἐλάττωσις `diminution, disadvantage, want, loss' (Antipho Soph., Pl. Def., Arist.) and ἐλαττωτικός `not insisting on his rights, diminishing' (Arist.), ἐλάσσωμα, - ττωμα `id.' (D.). From ἔλασσον-, - ττον-: ἐλαττον-άκις `less often' (Pl., Arist., after πλεον-ακις), ἐλαττον-ότης `be inferior' (Iamb.; beside μειζον-ότης); ἐλασσον-έω, - ττονέω `have or give less, to be defective' (LXX, pap.), ἐλαττον-όω `diminish' (LXX). From ἐλάχιστος: ἐλαχιστ-άκις `very rarely' (Hp.), ἐλαχιστ-ιαῖος `of smallest size, infinitesimal' (Diog. Oen. 2).Etymology: Old adjective, identical with Skt. laghú-, raghú- `quick, light, small', Av. ragu- `quick'; from an IE zero grade *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-ú-. The full grade h₁lengʷʰ- in Av. comp. rǝnǰyō (with analogical superlativ rǝnǰišta-), in Lith. lẽngvas and in Goth. leihts ` leicht', if, as prob., from PGm. * linχta-, IE * h₁lengʷʰ- to-. Toch. B laṅktse `light. Without nasal, with ĕ-vowel Lat. lĕvis `light, small, quick', with reduced vowel OCS lьgъ-kъ `light', with a-vowel Celt., e. g. OIr. comp. laigiu `smaller, worse', PCelt. *lag-i̯ōs (positive bec(c)). These forms cannot be all at once explained. W.-Hofmann s. levis, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. lẽngvas, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. lëgkij (2, 24). - The vowellength in ἐλά̄σσων is secondary, s. Schwyzer 538 w. n. 4; also Seiler Steigerungsformen 43f.Page in Frisk: 1,484-485Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλαχύς
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17 редуцированный гласный
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > редуцированный гласный
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18 κάμπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bend, bow, curve' (Il., IA.).Other forms: fut. κάμψω, aor. κάμψαι, pass. καμφθῆναι (A., Th.; v. l. Ι 158), perf. pass. κεκάμφθαι (Hp.),Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συν-; as 1. member e. g. in καμψί-πους adjunct of Έρινύς (A. Th. 791 [lyr.]), meaning uncertain,Derivatives: Substant. 1. ( ἀνα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συγ-)καμπή `bow, curvature' (IA.) with κάμπιμος `bent' (E. IT 81, verse end; after πομπή: πόμπιμος, s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 81); ἐπικάμπ-ιος `forming an ἐπικαμπή, bow, bend', milit. a. building techn. expression (Ph. Bel., Plb.). 2. ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, συγ- etc.) κάμψις `bow, curving' (IA.); s. Schwyzer 444 n. 11. 3. καμπτήρ, - ῆρος m. "bender, curver", as milit. and sport-term `bend, turning-point of the racing course' (X., Arist., Herod.) with καμπτήριος (sch.). 4. περικάμπτης `tergiversator' (gloss.). - Adject. 5. καμπύλος `bent, curved' (Il.; after ἀγκύλος, Chantraine Formation 250) with καμπύλη f. `crook' (Ar., Plu.), καμπουλίρ (= καμπυλίς) ἐλαίας εἶδος. Λάκωνες H., καμπυλότης `being curved' (Hp., Arist.), καμπύλλω `curve' (Hp.), also καμπυλεύομαι, καμπυλόομαι (medic.), καμπυλιάζω (Phot., Suid.); poet. lengthening καμπυλόεις (AP; Schwyzer 527). 6. ἐπι-, περι-καμπής `curved', from ἐπι-, περι-κάμπτω (vgl. Chantraine 426f., Strömberg Prefix Studies 101). 7. καμπτικός `flexible' (Arist., Poll.). 8. καμψόν καμπύλον H.; after γαμψός? (cf. Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 434, Stang Symb. Oslo. 23, 46ff.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: This root, which is well represented in Greek, has a verbal stem καμπ- without ablaut, with the primary verbal noun καμπ-ή (with καμπ-ύλος?) and κάμπ-τω with κάμψαι etc., and has in the other languages scattered nominal representatives, partly in metaph. meanings and therefore not always certain: Latv. kampis `curved wood, hook for a kettle', Lith. kam̃pas `corner, side, hidden place', also `curved wood at the collar (of a horse)', with which agree both Lat. campus `field' (prop. `(bow) Biegung, (lower field) Niederung'?) and a German. adj. `mutilated, lame', e. g. Goth. hamfs. "Beside it stands with final -b (cf. on σκαμβός) a Celtic adjective `curved', OIr. camm etc. (\< * cambo-; to which Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 3, 231 connects the brook- and place-name Kobenz \< * Kambantia); cf. further Campona GN in Pannonia). - Further there are in Baltic several words for `curved etc.' with u-vowel, Lith. kum̃pas `curved', Latv. kùmpt `become bent, verschrumpfen' a. o., which may have a reduced vowel-grade, but at the same time have a popular character and therefore can only be added here with reserve." The same applies perhaps even more to a few Skt. words: kumpa- `lame in the hand' (lex.) and, because of the meaning, Skt. kampate `tremble'; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s.vv." More forms in Pok. 525, W.-Hofmann s. campus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kam̃pas. - From κάμψαι perh. Lat. campsāre `sail around, bend off' (Span. cansar etc., Rice Lang. 19, 154ff.); from καμπή Lat.-Rom. camba, gamba (see Fohalle Mélanges Vendryes 157ff., Kretschmer Glotta 16, 166f.) and Alb. kāmbë `leg, foot' (Mann Lang. 17, 19 and 26, 380); from καμπύλος Osman. kambur `hump, humpy' \> NGr. καβούρης (Maidhof Glotta 10, 10); in Byz. γαμματίζω = κάμπτω, - ομαι Amantos assumes (s. Kretschmer Glotta 16, 179) a noun *γάμμα, *κάμμα. - I have maintained here Frisk's discussion, as it shows clearly how unreliable the material is; it is rather from a substratum language. To this comes that IE would require a form * kh₂mp-, a type that is quite rare. The conclusion can only be that καμπ- is of Pre-Greek origin. - Cf. on γαμψός and γνάμτω, for which I also arrived at this conclusion.Page in Frisk: 1,774-775Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάμπτω
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19 ὄρνυμαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to stir, to rise, to run out, to hurry' esp. `to excite, to incite, to revive (Il.).Other forms: Aor. ὠρόμην, - ετο, often and older athem. ὦρτο, ptc. ὄρμενος etc., fut. ὀροῦμαι, ὀρεῖται, perf. ὄρωρα; act. ὄρνυμι, also - ύω, aor. ὦρσα, redupl. 3. sg. ὤρορε, fut. ὄρσω, aor. pass. 3. pl. ὦρθεν (Corinn.). Besides ὀρούω, fut. ὀρούσω, in Hom. only aor. ὀροῦσαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπ, ἀν-, ἐν-, ἐξ- `rise quickly, rush on' (Il.).Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἐπ-, ὑπ-, ἀν-. -- As 1. member in governing compp. like ὀρσο-τρίαινα m. `wielder of the trident' (Pi.), ὀρσί-αλος `stirring the sea' (B.), PN as Όρσέ-λαος (Boeot.), Όρσί-λοχος (Il.) besides certainly nominal Όρτί-λοχος (Dor.); s. Schwyzer 442, Bechtel Hist.PN 353 f., Wackernagel Unt. 236 n. 1. As 2. member in the comp. κονι-ορ-τός (s. κόνις), in verbal adj. like θέ-ορ-τος `sprung from the gods' (Pi., A.), νέ-ορ-τος `newly arisen' (S.).Derivatives: Only ὄρου-σις f. `rise, ὅρμησις, ὁρμή' (Stoic.), ὀρούματα ὁρμή- ματα, πηδήματα H.; remarkable ὀρσό-της, - ητος f. = ὁρμή (Critias), ὀρσί-της m. name of a Cret. dance (Ath.).Etymology: Its general o-vowel reminds of ὄρνυμι and ὄλλυμι, στόρνυμι, κορέννυμι a.o. and points to * h₃-. Traces of an ε-grade have been supposed in ἔρετο ὡρμήθη H. a.o. (s. ἐρέθω) as well as in Λα-έρ-της (s. λαός; cf. below). The general structure of the IE nu-verbs as well as the comparison with Skt. r̥-nó-ti `rise, move (onself)' give an original *ὄ῎ρ-νυ-μι ( *h₃r̥-n-(e)u-; not *αρνυμι). An orig. *ἴρνυμι with ι as reduced vowel as in κίρνημι (s. on κεράννυμι) Fick BB 29, 197 finds support in the Zeusepithet Έπιρνύτιος Ζεὺς ἐν Κρήτῃ H., what in spite of widespread agreement (Bechtel Lex. 252, WP. 1, 137, Schwyzer 352 a. 695) is to be called quite arbitrary. -- An analysis ὄρ-ν-υ-μι gives the possibility, to connect the aorist ὀροῦ-σαι (to which the later and rare ὀρούω) as o-coloured full grade (* h₃rou-; Persson Beitr. 1, 285; 2, 738; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 374 w. n. 1 a. lit.); cf. further κρούω, κολούω a.o. (Schwyzer 683 w. lit.). -- Comparisons outside Greek do not help much: beyond the pair ὄρ-νυ-μι: r̥-ṇó-ti are to be mentioned from Skt.: ὦρτο: ā́rta, ὤρ-ε-το: ā́r-a-ta (certainly innovations), ὄρ-ωρα: ā́ra, ὦρσε: ārṣ-īt (gramm.). Heth. ar-nu-mi `move on, away or here' is phonetically uncertain and can also be connected with ἄρνυμαι (s. v.). For ὀρούω we compare Lat. ruō `fall down, hurry'. -- Further material (but not from a root "of moving" er-) in WP. 1, 136ff. (w. rich lit.), Pok. 326ff., W.-Hofmann s. orior and 1. ruō; older lit. in Bq. -- Cf. ὀρίνω and ὄρος, also 1. οὖρος.Page in Frisk: 2,422-424Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρνυμαι
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20 πνί̄γω
πνί̄γωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to limit one's breath, to asphyxiate by squeezing, water or vapour, to choke, to drown, to be drowned', also `to muffle, to smother' (Epich., Sophr., IA.); on the meaning `to drown, to be drowned' Schulze BerlAkSb. 1918, 320ff. = Kl. Schr. 148 ff.Other forms: Aor. πνῖξαι, intr. a. pass. πνῐγ-ῆναι w. fut. - ήσομαι, late πνιχθῆναι, perf. midd. πέπνιγμαι.Derivatives: Several nom. actionis: 1. πνῖγος n. `smothery heat' (IA.; opposite ῥῖγος); 2. πνῖγ-μα n. `suffocating' (Hp.), - μός m. `id.' (Hp., X., Arist.) with - μώδης `suffocating' (Hp.), - μονή f. `id.' (Hdn. Epim.: cf. φλεγμονή, πημονή); 3. πνῖξις ( κατά- πνί̄γω) f. `choking, asphyxiation' (Arist., Thphr.), `drowning' ( PMag. Par.); 4. πνίξ, - γός f. `choking, asphyxiation' (Hp., Dsc.; like φρίξ a.o.; Chantraine Form. 2 f.); 5. πνιγετός m. = πνῖγος (Ptol.; H. s. ἀγχόνη); as πυρ-, παγ-ετός; 6. περιπνιγ-ή f. `suffocation' (Vett. Val.). Nom. agentis: 6. πνῐγεύς m. "suffocator", `cover for extinguishing the coals' (Ar., Arist.), `air chamber' (Hero, Ph. Bel.), `muzzle' (com.), prob. analog. from πνίγω, πνῐγῆναι after τρῑ̃βω, τρῐβ-ῆναι: -ή: - εύς a.o.; vgl. Bosshardt 48; 7. πνικτήρ m. `choker, choking' (Nonn.). Further 8. πνιγ-ῖτις (sc. γῆ) `kind of clay' (Dsc., Plin.; Redard 109; prob. from πνῖγος); 9. - αλίων, - ωνος m. `nightmare, incubus' (medic.); like αἰθαλ-ίων: αἰθ-άλη: αἴθω; 10. πνῑ-γηρός `smothery', esp. `smotheryly hot' (Hp., Att.; from πνῖγος or πνίγω); 11. πνῐγόεις `id.' (Nic., AP; ῐ metr. condit.); 12. περι-, συμ-πνῐγ-ής `suffocated' (Nic., J., D.S., after πνῐγ-ῆναι); 13. πνικτός `steamed, smothered' (com.), `airtight' (Hero), `suffocated, choked' ( Act. Ap.); 14. enlarged πνιγ-ίζω `to choke, to strangle' (AP; influenced by πυγ-ίζω).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Popular expressive verb without certain connection; one has thought of a cross of several words. The anlaut reminds of πνέω, the auslaut of φρύγω, φώγω, the vowel of κνίψ a. cogn., also of MLG knīpen (s. Κνίφων), but there is no basis for a certain decision. The comparison with some Germ. words for `snuffle', e.g. OHG fnaskazzen (Fick BB 7, 95 etc.; s. Bq and WP. 2, 85), is both semantically and especially phonetically and formally (πνῑγ- from *pnezg- [with reduced vowel]??; but fnaskazzen to OWNo. fnasa) quite unsatisfactory. -- The short in πνῐγ-ῆναι etc. can be analogal. -- So no etym.; is the word Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,567-568Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πνί̄γω
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