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1 pugna
pugna, ae, f. [root pug, in pugno and pungo; cf. pugil], prop. a fight fist to fist, man to man; hence, in gen., a fight between individuals or armies, a battle, combat, action, engagement (cf.: dimicatio, proelium).I.Lit.:II.dictator eam pugnam laudibus tulit (of the single combat of Torquatus),
Liv. 7, 10 fin.:nonnumquam res ad manus atque ad pugnam veniebat,
came to blows, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; Liv. 2, 46:diuturnitate pugnae defessi proelio excedebant,
Caes. B. G. 3, 4, 3:alii nuntiant dictatori omnes legiones Etruscorum capessisse pugnam,
Liv. 10, 5, 41:ex omnibus pugnis (Pompeii), quae sunt innumerabiles,
Cic. Mur. 16, 34:exitus pugnarum,
id. Mil. 21, 56:equestris,
a cavalry action, id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122:magna,
Liv. 22, 7:pedestris,
Verg. A. 11, 707:Actia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 61:navalis,
Nep. Arist. 2, 1:gladiatorum,
Suet. Aug. 45:prospera,
Suet. Calig. 35:mala,
Sall. J. 56, 3; Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54:singularis,
a duel, Macr. S. 5, 2.—Transf.A.Troops drawn up for battle, a line of battle (rare):B.ordinata per principes hastatosque ac triarios pugna,
Liv. 22, 5:mediam pugnam tueri,
the middle line, central division, id. 22, 45; cf.:segregat pugnam eorum,
id. 1, 25:pugnam mutare,
Curt. 3, 2, 14.—A battle, contest, dispute, quarrel, in gen. (rare but class.):dabo aliam pugnam magnam,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 110:pugnam conserui seni,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 43; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 60:quanta pugna est doctissimorum hominum,
Cic. Div. 2, 51, 105:initurus forensium certaminum pugnam,
Quint. 5, 12, 22; 8, 6, 1; 5, 7, 35:pugna inter testem et patronum,
id. 6, 4, 21:rerum naturae pugna secum,
Plin. 2, 33, 38, § 102:audiet pugnas juventus,
stories of battle, Hor. C. 1, 2, 23:pugnas bibit aure vulgus,
id. ib. 2, 13, 31.—In mal. part., Mart. 10, 38, 6. -
2 pūgna
pūgna ae, f [PAC-], a hand-to-hand fight, fight at close quarters, battle, combat, action, engagement: eam pugnam laudibus tulit, i. e. the single combat, L.: res ad pugnam atque ad manūs vocabatur, came to blows: diuturnitate pugnae defessi, Cs.: magna, L.: equestris, a cavalry action: pedestris, V.: gladiatoria: navalis, N.: calamitosissima: mala, S.: Quinquennis Graia Elide pugna, i. e. the games, O.— Troops drawn up for battle, a line of battle: mediam pugnam tueri, the middle line, L.: segregat pugnam eorum, L.: pugnam mutare, Cu. — A battle, contest, dispute, quarrel: Dabit hic pugnam aliquam denuo, i. e. will make some new trouble, T.: doctissimorum hominum: Audiet pugnas iuventus, stories of battle, H.* * *battle, fight -
3 pugna
-
4 pugna
f.1 fight, battle.2 struggle, disagreement, intense disagreement.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: pugnar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: pugnar.* * *1 battle, struggle* * *SF struggle, conflictentrar en pugna con algn — to clash with sb, come into conflict with sb
estar en pugna con algn — to clash with sb, conflict with sb
* * *a) ( lucha) struggleb) ( conflicto)tendencias/intereses en pugna — conflicting trends/interests
entrar en pugna con algo/alguien — to clash o come into conflict with something/somebody
* * *= contention.Ex. Among the trends are: more focus on user needs, a contention between optical products and on-line access; and a focus in the USA on formulation of major information policies.* * *a) ( lucha) struggleb) ( conflicto)tendencias/intereses en pugna — conflicting trends/interests
entrar en pugna con algo/alguien — to clash o come into conflict with something/somebody
* * *= contention.Ex: Among the trends are: more focus on user needs, a contention between optical products and on-line access; and a focus in the USA on formulation of major information policies.
* * *1 (lucha) strugglela pugna de los partidos por alcanzar el poder the struggle between the various parties to win powerla pugna por el primer puesto the battle for first place2(conflicto): tendencias/intereses que están en pugna conflicting trends/interestsfacciones en pugna por el poder factions vying for poweren pugna CON algo:su narrativa estaba en pugna con las tendencias dominantes his writing was at variance with prevailing trendsestán en pugna con elementos de la oposición they are at odds with members of the oppositionentraron en pugna con el gobierno they clashed o came into conflict with the government* * *
Del verbo pugnar: ( conjugate pugnar)
pugna es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
pugna
pugnar
pugna sustantivo femenino
b) ( conflicto):◊ tendencias/intereses en pugna conflicting trends/interests;
entrar en pugna con algo/algn to clash o come into conflict with sth/sb
pugnar ( conjugate pugnar) verbo intransitivo (liter) ( luchar) pugna POR + INF to strive to + inf (frml)
pugna sustantivo femenino struggle
pugnar verbo intransitivo to fight, struggle [por, for]
' pugna' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
competencia
* * *pugna nf1. [batalla, pelea] fight, battle2. [desacuerdo, disputa] confrontation, clash;una pugna entre partidarios y detractores de la ley a clash between supporters and opponents of the law;mantener una pugna con alguien por algo to vie o compete with sb for sth;estar en pugna con alguien to clash with sb;dos empresas en pugna por conseguir un contrato two companies fighting to win a contract* * *f1 ( oposición) conflict;estar en pugna con be in conflict with2 ( lucha) struggle* * *pugna nf1) conflicto, lucha: conflict, struggle2)en pugna : at odds, in conflict -
5 pugna
• battle• combat• disagreement• struggle -
6 pugna
fight, battle, conflict, set-to. -
7 en continua pugna
• at odds• at swords' points -
8 en pugna
• at odds• in condition• in conformity with -
9 estar en pugna con
• be in conflict with• be opposed to -
10 competencia
f.1 competition (entre personas, empresas).la competencia the competitionhacer la competencia a alguien to compete with somebody2 field, province (incumbency).no es de mi competencia it's not my responsibility3 competence.4 competition. ( Latin American Spanish)5 area of responsibility, terms of reference.6 domain, scope.7 jurisdiction, venue.* * *1 (rivalidad) competition, rivalry■ hay una gran competencia entre los dos tenistas there's great competition between the two tennis players2 (competidores) competitors plural, rival company3 (habilidad) competence, ability, proficiency4 (incumbencia) responsibility; (jurisdicción) jurisdiction■ este asunto no es de su competencia this matter is outside his jurisdiction, this matter is outside his area of responsibility\en competencia con in competition withhacer la competencia a to compete with, compete against* * *noun f.1) competence2) competition* * *SF1) (=rivalidad) competitionnos enfrentamos a la competencia de los productos norteamericanos — we are faced by competition from American products
existe una fuerte competencia entre las dos empresas por el control del mercado externo — the two companies are vying for control of the foreign market, there is fierce competition between the two companies for control of the foreign market
•
en competencia con algn/algo — in competition with sb/sth•
hacer la competencia a algn/algo — to compete with sb/sth¿me quieres hacer la competencia? — are you trying to compete with me?
•
libre competencia — free competition2) (=rival) competitionla competencia tiene mejores ofertas — our competitors have better offers, the competition has better offers
3) (=capacidad) competence, abilityno dudo de tu competencia como abogado — I am not questioning your competence o ability as a lawyer
competencia lingüística — linguistic competence, linguistic ability
4) (=responsabilidad)ese tema no es de mi competencia — that matter is outside my jurisdiction o my competence
esta decisión es competencia exclusiva del gobierno — this decision is the exclusive jurisdiction of the government, only the government is competent to deal with this decision
las competencias legales del Consejo de Administración — the jurisdiction o areas of competence of the Administrative Council
5) pl competencias (Pol) powerscompetencias transferidas a las comunidades autónomas — powers devolved o transferred to the autonomous regions
6) LAm (Dep) competition* * *1)a) ( pugna) competition, rivalrysiempre ha habido competencia entre ellos — there's always been rivalry o a lot of competition between them
hacerse la competencia — to be rivals o in competition
b) (persona, entidad) competitionla competencia se nos adelantó — our competitors o the competition got in first
2) (de juez, tribunal) competenceeste asunto no es de mi competencia — I have no authority o say in this matter
tienen competencias plenas en materia educativa — they have complete authority on educational issues
3)a) (habilidad, aptitud) competence, abilityb) (Ling) competence4) (AmL) (Dep) ( certamen) competition•* * *= competence, competency, competition, proficiency, province, purview, joust.Ex. In order that you should be able to perform these required skills with greater competence, selected elements of the theory of subject indexing will be included.Ex. SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.Ex. The published abstracting and indexing journal probably still retains its prominence, despite competition from its more fashionable rivals.Ex. Factors here may be: Characteristics of the abstracting staff, such as their proficiency as abstractors, subject knowledge, and other duties demanding their time and attention.Ex. The bibliographical control of such items is the province of in-house indexing.Ex. This article discusses the fact that no library is able to acquire all published material within its subject purview.Ex. The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.----* adelantarse a la competencia = get in + ahead of the field.* bajo la competencia de = under the jurisdiction of.* caer dentro de la competencia de = be the province of, fall within + the province of.* competencia de precios = price competition.* competencia lingüística = language competence.* competencias de información = information literacy.* competencias en información = information literacy.* dentro de + Posesivo + competencia = within + Posesivo + jurisdiction.* entrar bajo la competencia de = fall under + the purview of.* entrar dentro de la competencia de = fall + under the purview of.* entrar dentro de la competencia de Alguien = fall within + Posesivo + purview.* estar dentro de la competencia de = be the province of.* fomentar la competencia = cultivate + competition.* fuera de + Posesivo + competencia = outside + Posesivo + jurisdiction.* información sobre la competencia = business intelligence, competitive intelligence, competitor intelligence.* mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.* política de competencias = competition policy.* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.* Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia = Office of Fair Trade.* ventaja sobre la competencia = competitive edge, competitive advantage.* * *1)a) ( pugna) competition, rivalrysiempre ha habido competencia entre ellos — there's always been rivalry o a lot of competition between them
hacerse la competencia — to be rivals o in competition
b) (persona, entidad) competitionla competencia se nos adelantó — our competitors o the competition got in first
2) (de juez, tribunal) competenceeste asunto no es de mi competencia — I have no authority o say in this matter
tienen competencias plenas en materia educativa — they have complete authority on educational issues
3)a) (habilidad, aptitud) competence, abilityb) (Ling) competence4) (AmL) (Dep) ( certamen) competition•* * *= competence, competency, competition, proficiency, province, purview, joust.Ex: In order that you should be able to perform these required skills with greater competence, selected elements of the theory of subject indexing will be included.
Ex: SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.Ex: The published abstracting and indexing journal probably still retains its prominence, despite competition from its more fashionable rivals.Ex: Factors here may be: Characteristics of the abstracting staff, such as their proficiency as abstractors, subject knowledge, and other duties demanding their time and attention.Ex: The bibliographical control of such items is the province of in-house indexing.Ex: This article discusses the fact that no library is able to acquire all published material within its subject purview.Ex: The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.* adelantarse a la competencia = get in + ahead of the field.* bajo la competencia de = under the jurisdiction of.* caer dentro de la competencia de = be the province of, fall within + the province of.* competencia de precios = price competition.* competencia lingüística = language competence.* competencias de información = information literacy.* competencias en información = information literacy.* dentro de + Posesivo + competencia = within + Posesivo + jurisdiction.* entrar bajo la competencia de = fall under + the purview of.* entrar dentro de la competencia de = fall + under the purview of.* entrar dentro de la competencia de Alguien = fall within + Posesivo + purview.* estar dentro de la competencia de = be the province of.* fomentar la competencia = cultivate + competition.* fuera de + Posesivo + competencia = outside + Posesivo + jurisdiction.* información sobre la competencia = business intelligence, competitive intelligence, competitor intelligence.* mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.* política de competencias = competition policy.* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.* Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia = Office of Fair Trade.* ventaja sobre la competencia = competitive edge, competitive advantage.* * *A1 (pugna) competition, rivalrysiempre ha habido competencia entre ellos there's always been rivalry o a lot of competition between themlas dos compañías se hacen la competencia the two companies are rivals o are in competitionhas sacado muy malas notas, ¿le estás haciendo la competencia a tu hermano? ( iró); you got very low grades, are you trying to compete with your brother? ( iro)competencia desleal unfair competitionen ese campo la competencia es feroz competition is fierce in that field2(persona, entidad): la competencia se nos adelantó our competitors o the competition got in firstse fue a trabajar para la competencia he went to work for the opposition o for one of our competitors o for a rival companyCompuesto:unfair competitionB(incumbencia, poder): no aceptó que el tribunal tuviera competencia para fallar he did not accept the court's competence to pass judgment o the court's authority o the court's jurisdictiones competencia directa del consejo the council has direct responsibility for it o is directly responsible for iteste asunto no es de mi competencia I have no authority o say in this matter, this matter is outside my jurisdiction o my competence o my area of responsibilitytienen competencias plenas en materia educativa they have complete authority on o absolute power regarding educational issuesC1 (habilidad, aptitud) competence, abilityno dudo de su competencia como profesional I have no doubts about his professional competence2 ( Ling) competenceCompuestos:● competencia de atletismo en or de pista* * *
competencia sustantivo femenino
1
◊ hacerse la competencia to be rivals o in competition;
hacerle la competencia a algn to compete with sb
2
◊ este asunto no es de mi competencia I have no authority o say in this matter
competencia sustantivo femenino
1 (entre competidores) competition
2 (responsabilidad) field, province: no es asunto de tu competencia, it's not up to you
3 (capacidad, aptitud) competence
' competencia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
circunscribirse
- poner
- solvencia
- altura
- autoridad
- capacidad
- puntaje
English:
competence
- competition
- cutthroat
- dog-eat-dog
- keen
- opposition
- photo finish
- proficiency
- publicity
- unfair competition
- brief
- contest
- couple
- dog
- high
- muscle
- province
- rivalry
* * *competencia nf1. [entre personas, empresas] competition;hay mucha competencia por conseguir ese contrato there's a lot of competition for that contract;hacer la competencia a alguien to compete with sbCom competencia desleal unfair competitiontrabaja para la competencia he works for the competition3. [incumbencia] field, province;no es de mi competencia it's not my responsibility;ese asunto es competencia de la policía that is a matter for the police;los casos de terrorismo no son competencia de ese tribunal that court is not responsible for dealing with terrorism casestienen competencias en materia de educación they have authority over educational matters5. [aptitud] competence, ability;un profesional de una gran competencia a very able o competent professional6. Ling competencecompetencia comunicativa communicative competence;competencia lingüística linguistic competence7. Am [deportiva] competition* * *f1 ( habilidad) competencehacer la competencia a alguien/algo compete with s.o./sth3 ( incumbencia) area of responsibility, competency;eso no es de mi competencia that’s not my department4 L.Am.DEP competition* * *competencia nf1) : competition, rivalry2) : competence* * *1. (rivalidad) competition2. (competidores) competitors / rival company3. (capacidad) ability4. (responsabilidad) responsibility -
11 Cannae
Cannae, ārum, f., = Kannai (Kanna, Polyb.), a village in Apulia, north of Canusium, famous for the victory of Hannibal over the Romans; it lay on the east side of the Aufidus (which is hence called Amnis Canna by Marcius vates ap. Liv. 25, 12, 5), now Canne, id. 22, 44, 1 sq. (Polyb. 3, 113); Flor. 2, 6, 15; Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89:II.Cannarum pugna,
Liv. 23, 43, 4; Sil. 9, 10.—Appellative:Capuam Hannibali Cannas fuisse,
a second Cannœ, Liv. 23, 45, 4; Flor. 2, 6, 21. —Deriv.: Cannensis, e, adj., of Cannœ, Cannensian:pugna,
Liv. 23, 1, 1; 23, 1, 11; Prop. 3 (4), 3, 10 al.:acies,
Liv. 23, 18, 13:calamitas,
Cic. Brut. 3, 12:clades,
Liv. 22, 50, 1; 25, 12, 5; 23, 30, 11:ruina,
id. 23, 25, 3:dies,
Flor. 4, 12, 35:exercitus,
which was cut to pieces at Cannœ, Liv. 29, 24, 11:animae,
of those who fell at Cannœ, Stat. S. 1, 4, 87.—Appel., of the proscription of Sulla:te pugna Cannensis accusatorem sat bonum fecit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 89;and of a revel: Cannensis pugna nequitiae,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; cf. Arn. 5, 38. —As subst.: Cannenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Cannœ, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 105. -
12 Cannenses
Cannae, ārum, f., = Kannai (Kanna, Polyb.), a village in Apulia, north of Canusium, famous for the victory of Hannibal over the Romans; it lay on the east side of the Aufidus (which is hence called Amnis Canna by Marcius vates ap. Liv. 25, 12, 5), now Canne, id. 22, 44, 1 sq. (Polyb. 3, 113); Flor. 2, 6, 15; Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89:II.Cannarum pugna,
Liv. 23, 43, 4; Sil. 9, 10.—Appellative:Capuam Hannibali Cannas fuisse,
a second Cannœ, Liv. 23, 45, 4; Flor. 2, 6, 21. —Deriv.: Cannensis, e, adj., of Cannœ, Cannensian:pugna,
Liv. 23, 1, 1; 23, 1, 11; Prop. 3 (4), 3, 10 al.:acies,
Liv. 23, 18, 13:calamitas,
Cic. Brut. 3, 12:clades,
Liv. 22, 50, 1; 25, 12, 5; 23, 30, 11:ruina,
id. 23, 25, 3:dies,
Flor. 4, 12, 35:exercitus,
which was cut to pieces at Cannœ, Liv. 29, 24, 11:animae,
of those who fell at Cannœ, Stat. S. 1, 4, 87.—Appel., of the proscription of Sulla:te pugna Cannensis accusatorem sat bonum fecit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 89;and of a revel: Cannensis pugna nequitiae,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; cf. Arn. 5, 38. —As subst.: Cannenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Cannœ, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 105. -
13 Cannensis
Cannae, ārum, f., = Kannai (Kanna, Polyb.), a village in Apulia, north of Canusium, famous for the victory of Hannibal over the Romans; it lay on the east side of the Aufidus (which is hence called Amnis Canna by Marcius vates ap. Liv. 25, 12, 5), now Canne, id. 22, 44, 1 sq. (Polyb. 3, 113); Flor. 2, 6, 15; Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89:II.Cannarum pugna,
Liv. 23, 43, 4; Sil. 9, 10.—Appellative:Capuam Hannibali Cannas fuisse,
a second Cannœ, Liv. 23, 45, 4; Flor. 2, 6, 21. —Deriv.: Cannensis, e, adj., of Cannœ, Cannensian:pugna,
Liv. 23, 1, 1; 23, 1, 11; Prop. 3 (4), 3, 10 al.:acies,
Liv. 23, 18, 13:calamitas,
Cic. Brut. 3, 12:clades,
Liv. 22, 50, 1; 25, 12, 5; 23, 30, 11:ruina,
id. 23, 25, 3:dies,
Flor. 4, 12, 35:exercitus,
which was cut to pieces at Cannœ, Liv. 29, 24, 11:animae,
of those who fell at Cannœ, Stat. S. 1, 4, 87.—Appel., of the proscription of Sulla:te pugna Cannensis accusatorem sat bonum fecit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 89;and of a revel: Cannensis pugna nequitiae,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; cf. Arn. 5, 38. —As subst.: Cannenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Cannœ, Plin. 3, 11, 16, § 105. -
14 Cannēnsis
Cannēnsis e, adj., Cannensian, of Cannae (in Apulia, where Hannibal routed the Romans): pugna, L.: acies, L.: clades, L.—Hence, fig.: te pugna Cannensis accusatorem sat bonum fecit, i. e. the proscription of Sulla (in which many eminent advocates had perished).—Of a revel: Cannensis pugna nequitiae. -
15 pūgnō
pūgnō āvī, ātus, āre [pugna], to fight, combat, give battle, engage, contend: sinistrā impeditā, Cs.: eminus lapidibus, S.: cum hoste comminus in acie: ex equo, on horseback: de loco, T.: extra ordinem in hostem, L.: contra inperium in hostem, S.: advorsum multitudinem bene pugnatum, S.: pugna summā contentione pugnata: inclitam in ponte pugnam... pugnatam, L.: bella, H.: pugnatur uno tempore omnibus locis, the fighting goes on, Cs.: comminus gladiis pugnatum est, Cs.— To contend, dispute: de dis inmortalibus: pugnant Stoici cum Peripateticis: pugnare, non esse rerum controversiam, sed nominum.— To contend against, oppose, resist, contradict, struggle with: ut totā in oratione tuā tecum ipse pugnares, you contradicted yourself: pugnat sententia secum, H.: placitone etiam pugnabis amori? V.; cf. Frigida pugnabant calidis, Mollia cum duris, etc., cold bodies contended with hot, etc., O.: pugnant materque sororque, i. e. love for the mother and love for the sister, O.: pugnatum est arte medendi, (the plague) was resisted by the healing art, O.— To struggle, strive, endeavor, make exertion: illud pugna et enitere, ne, etc.: pugnas, ne reddar, Achille, O.: pugnarentque collegae, ut, etc., L.: mollīs evincere somnos, O.: in mea Volnera, strive for what will smite me, O.* * *pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatus Vfight; dispute -
16 certamen
certāmen, ĭnis, n. [id.], a contest, struggle, strife, whether friendly or hostile, physical or intellectual; most freq. of a pugilistic contest of any kind; but also of contention in war.I. A.Lit.:2.videmusne apud quos eorum ludorum, qui gymnici nominantur, magnus honos sit, nullum ab iis, qui in id certamen descendant, devitari dolorem?
Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 62; cf. id. de Or. 2, 78, 317:Hac celebrata tenus sancto certamina patri,
Verg. A. 5, 603; cf. Ov. M. 1, 446:luctandi,
Quint. 12, 2, 12:saliendi,
id. 10, 3, 6:citharoedorum,
id. 4, 1, 2:sacra,
id. 2, 8, 7 Spald.:quinquennale triplex, musicum, gymnicum, equestre,
Suet. Ner. 12; cf. id. Vit. 4; id. Dom. 4:bijugum,
Verg. A. 5, 144:quadrigarum,
Suet. Claud. 21:pedum,
Ov. M. 12, 304:cursus,
id. ib. 7, 792;10, 560: disci,
id. ib. 10, 177:Veneris,
id. Am. 2, 10, 29 et saep.—Meton., poet., the object contended for, the prize, Ov. M. 13, 129:B.pecoris magistris Velocis jaculi certamina ponit in ulmo,
Verg. G. 2, 530 Heyne.—Trop., a rivalry, contest, struggle, emulation, etc.:II. A.certamen honestum (Stoicorum et Peripateticorum),
Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68:est mihi tecum pro aris et focis certamen,
id. N. D. 3, 40, 94:est alicui certamen cum aliquo de principatu,
Nep. Them. 6, 3: certamen honoris et gloriae. Cic. Lael. 10, 34; cf. id. Off. 1, 12, 38; Sall. J. 41, 2; Quint. 10, 5, 5:bona ratio cum perditā confligit. In ejus modi certamine ac proelio,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 25:pugna forensium certaminum,
id. 5, 12, 22:eloquentiae inter juvenes,
Quint. 2, 17, 8:verborum linguaeque,
Liv. 10, 22, 6:laboris ac periculi,
id. 28, 19, 14:amicitiae, benevolentiae,
id. 37, 53, 7:bonae artis ac virtutis,
id. 37, 54, 19:irarum,
id. 1, 7, 2; cf. id. 3, 39, 3:conferendi (pecuniam),
id. 4, 60, 8:patrum animos certamen regni ac cupido versabat,
id. 1, 17, 1; cf. id. 21, 31, 6:leti (inter mulieres Indas),
Prop. 3 (4), 13, 19:diu magnum inter mortales certamen fuit, vine corporis an virtute animi, etc.,
Sall. C. 1, 5; cf. Tib. 4, 1, 37.—Rarely with gen. of adversary:si in virtutis certamen venerint ( = cum virtute),
Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 71 Madv. ad loc.— Poet.:mite vini,
a drinking bout, Tib. 3, 6, 11.—Also poet.: certamina ponere, syn. with certamina instituere = agôna protithenai, to order, arrange a fight or contest, Verg. A. 5, 66; 8, 639; cf. id. G. 2, 530 Wagn.—Of inanimate things:Arboribusque datumst variis exinde per auras Crescendi magnum inmissis certamen habenis,
Lucr. 5, 787.—Subject. (diff. from the objective; cf.:B.proeliam, pugna, bellum, etc.): horrida Romuleum certamina pango duellum,
Enn. Ann. 1, 1; 1, 476; 2, 6; 5, 1295; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2; Lucr. 4, 844; Ov. M. 12, 180; Liv. 36, 19, 13:aeterno certamine proelia pugnasque edere,
Lucr. 2, 117:fit proelium acri certamine,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 28; cf.:proelii certamen,
id. B. Alex. 16:certamine,
with zeal, emulously, earnestly, Verg. A. 5, 197; Curt. [p. 320] 9, 4; Sil. 10, 536; cf.:nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit,
not severe, Liv. 21, 60, 7. —Object., = proelium, pugna, etc.:C.vario certamine pugnatum est,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:erat in celeritate omne positum certamen, utri, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 70:bella atque certamina,
Sall. C. 33, 5:ubi res ad certamen venit,
id. J. 13, 4:in certamine ipso,
Liv. 2, 44, 11:navalia,
a naval engagement, sea-fight, id. 31, 14, 4:classicum,
Vell. 2, 85, 2:saevit medio in certamine Mavors,
Verg. A. 8, 700 et saep.—Hence.In the postAug. histt. for war in gen., Flor. 1, 20; Eutr. 1, 16; Just. 7, 2, 6; 7, 6, 6. -
17 Leuctra
I.A small town in Bæotia, where Epaminondas defeated the [p. 1054] Spartans, now the village of Leuca, with the ruins of Eremo-Castro (cf. Mann. Griechenland, p. 238), Cic. Tusc. 1, 46, 110; id. Off. 1, 18, 61:B.Lacedaemoniorum mala pugna in Leuctris,
id. Div. 2, 25, 54.—Hence,Leuctrĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Leuctra, Leuctrian:II.pugna,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 46, 110; v. supra:calamitas,
id. Div. 1, 34, 74; id. Off. 2, 7 fin. —Cicero jestingly gives to the fray in which Milo killed Clodius the name of Leuctrica pugna (because Rome was thereby delivered from the yoke of Clodius, as Greece had been from that of the Spartans by the battle of Leuctra), Att. 6, 1, 26.—A small town in Laconica, now Leftro, Plin. 4, 5, 8, § 16. -
18 Leuctrae
I.A small town in Bæotia, where Epaminondas defeated the [p. 1054] Spartans, now the village of Leuca, with the ruins of Eremo-Castro (cf. Mann. Griechenland, p. 238), Cic. Tusc. 1, 46, 110; id. Off. 1, 18, 61:B.Lacedaemoniorum mala pugna in Leuctris,
id. Div. 2, 25, 54.—Hence,Leuctrĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Leuctra, Leuctrian:II.pugna,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 46, 110; v. supra:calamitas,
id. Div. 1, 34, 74; id. Off. 2, 7 fin. —Cicero jestingly gives to the fray in which Milo killed Clodius the name of Leuctrica pugna (because Rome was thereby delivered from the yoke of Clodius, as Greece had been from that of the Spartans by the battle of Leuctra), Att. 6, 1, 26.—A small town in Laconica, now Leftro, Plin. 4, 5, 8, § 16. -
19 Leuctricus
I.A small town in Bæotia, where Epaminondas defeated the [p. 1054] Spartans, now the village of Leuca, with the ruins of Eremo-Castro (cf. Mann. Griechenland, p. 238), Cic. Tusc. 1, 46, 110; id. Off. 1, 18, 61:B.Lacedaemoniorum mala pugna in Leuctris,
id. Div. 2, 25, 54.—Hence,Leuctrĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Leuctra, Leuctrian:II.pugna,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 46, 110; v. supra:calamitas,
id. Div. 1, 34, 74; id. Off. 2, 7 fin. —Cicero jestingly gives to the fray in which Milo killed Clodius the name of Leuctrica pugna (because Rome was thereby delivered from the yoke of Clodius, as Greece had been from that of the Spartans by the battle of Leuctra), Att. 6, 1, 26.—A small town in Laconica, now Leftro, Plin. 4, 5, 8, § 16. -
20 pugno
pugno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and very rarely a. [root pug-, to thrust, strike, whence pugil, pungo, etc.], to fight, either singly or in armies, to combat, give battle, engage, contend (very freq. and class.).I.Lit.:II.neque sinistrā impeditā satis commode pugnare poterant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:scutum manu emittere et nudo corpore pugnare,
id. ib. 1, 25:eminus lapidibus,
Sall. J. 57, 4:cominus in acie,
Cic. Balb. 9, 23:ex equo,
on horseback, id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:de loco, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 33: de ponte,
Hirt. B. Afr. 33:pro muro toto,
id. ib. 13:ex iniquiore loco,
id. ib. 42:pro commodis patriae,
Cic. Inv. 1, 1, 1 al. —With cum and abl.:elige, cum cive an hoste pugnare malis,
Liv. 10, 36, 8:cum hoste in acie,
Cic. Balb. 9, 22.—With in and acc.:ne quis extra ordinem in hostem pugnaret,
Liv. 8, 6, 16:in hostem imparem ex aequo pugnabant,
id. 10, 43, 6:qui contra imperium in hostem pugnaverant,
Sall. C. 9, 4; 52, 30.—With adversum and acc.:saepe ante paucis strenuis advorsum multitudinem bene pugnatum,
Sall. J. 107, 1:advorsum Gallos,
id. ib. 114, 1.—With a homogeneous object: magnam pugnavimu' pugnam, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 60; cf.:haec pugna est pugnata,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97:pugna summā contentione pugnata,
Cic. Mur. 16, 34; Nep. Hann. 5, 1: inclitam in ponte pugnam... pugnatam, Liv. 6, 42, 5:proelia,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 19; Sall. J. 54, 7:bella,
Hor. C. 3, 19, 4; id. Ep. 1, 16, 25.— Impers. pass.:pugnatur uno tempore omnibus locis,
the battle is fought, they fight, Caes. B. G. 7, 84:cominus gladiis pugnatum est,
id. ib. 1, 52:ut in mari quoque pugnetur velut e muris,
Plin. 32, 1, 1, § 3.—Transf.A.In gen., to contend, conflict, disagree, oppose, contradict; usu. with dat. of person, or with cum:B.pugnant Stoici cum Peripateticis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68. —With acc. and inf.:pugnare non destitit, non esse rerum controversiam, sed nominum,
Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 41:non magno opere pugnare,
to contend not very strongly, id. N. D. 3, 1, 3:noli pugnare duobus,
Cat. 62, 64:ne cupias pugnare puellae,
Prop. 1, 12 (10), 21; cf.:placitone etiam pugnabis amori?
Verg. A. 4, 38:pressis pugnat habenis,
id. ib. 11, 600:ne pugnet vulgus habenis,
Stat. Th. 8, 289:tam eras excors, ut totā in oratione tuā tecum ipse pugnares,
you contradicted yourself, Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18. —Of things:pugnat sententia secum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 97:pugnavit monitis furor,
Sil. 10, 284:pugnatura fretis pila,
id. 4, 298: frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis, Mollia cum duris, etc., cold bodies contended with hot, moist with dry, etc., Ov. M. 1, 19: humus, Petr. poët. Sat. 123.—To struggle, strive, to endeavor, take pains, exert one's self for any thing (rare but class.):illud pugna et enitere, ne, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3:id ne impetremus, pugnabis,
id. Lig. 5, 13; cf.:hoc solum hoc tempore pugnatur, ut, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 3, 8:pugnas, ne reddar, Achille,
Ov. H. 3, 25 Ruhnk.:pugnaremque collegae, ut, etc.,
Liv. 3, 64.— Poet., with inf.:pugnat molles evincere somnos,
Ov. M. 1, 685; 7, 772; id. H. 13, 77:incerto pedum pugnat non stare tumultu,
Luc. 4, 753; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 196; cf., of things,
Lucr. 2, 205.—P. a. as subst.: pugnan-tĭa, ium, n., contradictions, inconsistencies:pugnantia te loqui non vides?
Cic. Tusc. 1, 7, 13; cf. Hor. S. 1, 2, 73; 1, 1, 102.
См. также в других словарях:
pugna — sustantivo femenino 1. Oposición, de palabras o de ideas, entre personas o instituciones: pugna entre los supermercados y el pequeño comercio, pugna entre monárquicos y republicanos. Sinónimo: enfrentamiento. Antónimo: acuerdo. 2. Lucha o pelea… … Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española
pugna — / puɲa/ s.f. [dal lat. pugna, deverbale di pugnare combattere ], lett. 1. [scontro armato di due o più unità che cercano di superarsi a vicenda] ▶◀ battaglia, (lett.) certame, combattimento, contesa, lotta, (lett.) tenzone, [tra due contendenti]… … Enciclopedia Italiana
pugna — (Del lat. pugna). 1. f. Batalla, pelea. 2. Oposición, rivalidad entre personas, naciones, bandos o parcialidades … Diccionario de la lengua española
Pugna — (lat.), Schlacht, Kampf, Gefecht; daher Pugnacität, die Kampflust … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Pugna — Pugna, lat., Schlacht; Pugnacität, Kampflust … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
pugna — index affray, fight (argument), fray Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
pugna — s. f. 1. Combate; peleja; luta. 2. Briga. 3. Discussão, polêmica … Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa
pugna — ► sustantivo femenino 1 Batalla o pelea: ■ resultó herido en la dura pugna que sostuvo . SINÓNIMO lucha 2 Enfrentamiento entre países, ideas, intereses o tendencias: ■ ambos amigos están en pugna por cuestiones políticas. SINÓNIMO desacuerdo… … Enciclopedia Universal
pugna — im·pugna·tion; in·ex·pugna·bil·i·ty; in·ex·pugna·ble·ness; in·ex·pugna·bly; … English syllables
pugna — pù·gna s.f. LE battaglia, combattimento: vedea larve guerriere cercar la pugna (Foscolo) {{line}} {{/line}} VARIANTI: punga. DATA: av. 1292. ETIMO: dal lat. pŭgna(m), der. di pugnāre combattere … Dizionario italiano
pugna — (f) (Intermedio) lucha o pelea entre partes opuestas Ejemplos: Los ciudadanos están hartos de la pugna de los miembros del gobierno. Hay dos grupos en pugna con fuerzas exactamente iguales. Sinónimos: guerra, carrera, lucha, oposición, conflicto … Español Extremo Basic and Intermediate