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1 бумажное производство
Русско-английский технический словарь > бумажное производство
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2 pembuatan kertas
papermaking -
3 хартиено производство
papermakingБългарски-Angleščina политехнически речник > хартиено производство
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4 papiernictwo
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5 бумажное производство
Русско-английский словарь по деревообрабатывающей промышленности > бумажное производство
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6 бумажная промышленность
Русско-английский синонимический словарь > бумажная промышленность
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7 изготовление n бумаги
Словарь по целлюлозно-бумажному производству > изготовление n бумаги
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8 бумажное производство
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > бумажное производство
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9 бумагообразующие свойства волокнистого полуфабриката
бумагообразующие свойства волокнистого полуфабриката
Совокупность характеристик волокнистого полуфабриката, определяющая свойства получаемой массы и готовой бумаги (картона).
[ ГОСТ 17052-86]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
63. Бумагообразующие свойства волокнистого полуфабриката
Совокупность характеристик волокнистого полуфабриката, определяющая свойства получаемой массы и готовой бумаги (картона)
'Источник: ГОСТ произвощдство*: Производство бумаги и картона. Термины и определения
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > бумагообразующие свойства волокнистого полуфабриката
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10 maszyna papiernicza
• papermaking machineSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > maszyna papiernicza
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11 papiernica
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12 материалы mpl сырьевые бумажного производства
Словарь по целлюлозно-бумажному производству > материалы mpl сырьевые бумажного производства
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13 производство n бумаги
papermaking, paper manufactureСловарь по целлюлозно-бумажному производству > производство n бумаги
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14 Keller, Friedrich Gottlieb
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 27 June 1818 Hainichen, Saxony, Germanyd. 8 September 1895 Krippen, Bad Schandau, Germany[br]German inventor of wood-pulp paper.[br]The son of a master weaver, he originally wished to become an engineer, but while remaining in the parental home he had to follow his father's trade in the textile industry, becoming a master weaver himself in 1839 at Hainichen. He was a good observer and a keen model maker. It was at this stage, in the early 1840s, that he began experimenting with a new material for papermaking. Until then the raw material had been waste rag from the textile industry, but the ever-increasing demands of the mechanical printing presses, especially those producing newspapers, were beginning to outstrip supply. Keller tried using pine wood ground with a wet grindstone. The mass of fibres that resulted was then heated with water to form a thick brew which he then strained through a cloth. By this means Keller obtained a pulp that could be used for papermaking. He constructed a simple grinding machine that could disintegrate the wood without splinters; this was used to make paper in the Altchemnitzer paper mill, and the newspaper Frankenberger Intelligenz-und Wochenblatt was the first to be printed on wood-pulp paper. Keller could not secure state funds to promote his invention, so he approached an expert in papermaking, Heinrich Voelter, Technical Director of the Vereinigten Bautzener Papierfabrik. Voelter put up 700 thaler, and in August 1845 the state of Saxony granted a patent in both their names. In 1848 the first practical machine for grinding wood was produced, but four years later the patent expired. Unfortunately Keller could not afford the renewal fee, and it was Voelter who developed the process of wood-pulp papermaking under his own name, leaving Keller behind. Without this invention, the output of paper from the mills could not have kept pace with the demands of the printing industry, and the mass readership that these technological developments made possible could not have been served. It is no fault of Keller's that wood-pulp paper contains within itself the seeds of its own deterioration and ultimate destruction, presenting librarians of today with an intractable problem of preservation. Keller's part in this technical breakthrough is established in his "ideas" notebook covering the years 1841 and 1842, preserved in the museum at Hainichen.[br]Further ReadingNeue deutsche Biographie. VDI Zeitschrift, Vol. 39, p. 1,238."EineErfindungvon Weltruf", 1969, VDI Nachrichten. Vol. 29, p. 18.Clapperton, History ofPapermaking Through the Ages (provides details of the development of wood-pulp papermaking in its historical context).LRDBiographical history of technology > Keller, Friedrich Gottlieb
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15 Robert, Nicolas Louis
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 2 December 1761 Paris, Franced. 8 August 1828 Dreux, France[br]French inventor of the papermaking machine.[br]Robert was born into a prosperous family and received a fair education, after which he became a lawyer's clerk. In 1780, however, he enlisted in the Army and joined the artillery, serving with distinction in the West Indies, where he fought against the English. When dissatisfied with his prospects, Robert returned to Paris and obtained a post as proof-reader to the firm of printers and publishers owned by the Didot family. They were so impressed with his abilities that they promoted him, c. 1790, to "clerk inspector of workmen" at their paper mill at Essonnes, south of Paris, under the control of Didot St Leger.It was there that Robert conceived the idea of a continuous papermaking machine. In 1797 he made a model of it and, after further models, he obtained a patent in 1798. The paper was formed on a continuously revolving wire gauze, from which the sheets were lifted off and hung up to dry. Didot was at first scathing, but he came round to encouraging Robert to make a success of the machine. However, they quarrelled over the financial arrangements and Robert left to try setting up his own mill near Rouen. He failed for lack of capital, and in 1800 he returned to Essonnes and sold his patent to Didot for part cash, part proceeds from the operation of the mill. Didot left for England to enlist capital and technical skills to exploit the invention, while Robert was left in charge at Essonnes. It was the Fourdrinier brothers and Bryan Donkin who developed the papermaking machine into a form in which it could succeed. Meanwhile the mill at Essonnes under Robert's direction had begun to falter and declined to the point where it had to be sold. He had never received the full return from the sale of his patent, but he managed to recover his rights in it. This profited him little, for Didot obtained a patent in France for the Fourdrinier machine and had two examples erected in 1814 and the following year, respectively, neatly side-tracking Robert, who was now without funds or position. To support himself and his family, Robert set up a primary school in Dreux and there passed his remaining years. Although it was the Fourdrinier papermaking machine that was generally adopted, it is Robert who deserves credit for the original initiative.[br]Further ReadingR.H.Clapperton, 1967, The Papermaking Machine, Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 279–83 (provides a full description of Robert's invention and patent, together with a biography).LRD -
16 Dickinson, John
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 29 March 1782d. 11 January 1869 London, England[br]English papermaker and inventor of a papermaking machine.[br]After education at a private school, Dickinson was apprenticed to a London stationer. In 1806 he started in business as a stationer, in partnership with George Longman; they transferred to 65 Old Bailey, where the firm remained until their premises were destroyed during the Second World War. In order to secure the supply of paper and be less dependent on the papermakers, Dickinson turned to making paper on his own account. In 1809 he acquired Apsley Mill, near Hemel Hempstead on the river Gade in Hertfordshire. There, he produced a new kind of paper for cannon cartridges which, unlike the paper then in use, did not smoulder, thus reducing the risk of undesired explosions. The new paper proved very useful during the Napoleonic War.Dickinson developed a continuous papermaking machine about the same time as the Fourdrinier brothers, but his worked on a different principle. Instead of a continuous flat wire screen, Dickinson used a wire-covered cylinder which dipped into the dilute pulp as it revolved. A felt-covered roller removed the layer of wet pulp, which was then subjected to drying, as in the Fourdrinier machine. The latter was first in use at Frogmore, just upstream from Apsley Mill on the river Gade. Dickinson patented his machine in 1809 and claimed that it was superior for some kinds of paper. In feet, both types of machine have survived, in much enlarged and modified form: the Fourdrinier for general papermaking, the Dickinson cylinder for the making of board. In 1810 Dickinson acquired the nearby Nash Mill, and over the years he extended the scope of his papermaking business, introducing many technical improvements. Among his inventions was a machine to paste together continuous webs of paper to form cardboard. Another, patented in 1829, was a process for incorporating threads of cotton, flax or silk into the body of the paper to make forgery more difficult. He became increasingly prosperous, overcoming labour disputes with unemployed hand-papermakers. and lawsuits against a canal company which threatened the water supply to his mills. Dickinson was the first to use percolation gauges to predict river flow, and his work on water supply brought him election to a Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1845.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1845.Further ReadingR.H.Clapperton, 1967, The Paper-making Machine, Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 331–5 (provides a biography and full details of Dickinson's inventions).LRD -
17 Fourdrinier, Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 11 February 1766 London, Englandd. 3 September 1854 Mavesyn Ridware, near Rugeley, Staffordshire, England[br]English pioneer of the papermaking machine.[br]Fourdrinier's father was a paper manufacturer and stationer of London, from a family of French Protestant origin. Henry took up the same trade and, with his brother Sealy (d. 1847), devoted many years to developing the papermaking machine. Their first patent was taken out in 1801, but success was still far off. A machine for making paper had been invented a few years previously by Nicolas Robert at the Didot's mill at Essonnes, south of Paris. Robert quarrelled with the Didots, who then contacted their brother-in-law in England, John Gamble, in an attempt to raise capital for a larger machine. Gamble and the Fourdriniers called in the engineer Bryan Donkin, and between them they patented a much improved machine in 1807. In the new machine, the paper pulp flowed on to a moving continuous woven wire screen and was then squeezed between rollers to remove much of the water. The paper thus formed was transferred to a felt blanket and passed through a second press to remove more water, before being wound while still wet on to a drum. For the first time, a continuous sheet of paper could be made. Other inventors soon made further improvements: in 1817 John Dickinson obtained a patent for sizing baths to improve the surface of the paper; while in 1820 Thomas Crompton patented a steam-heated drum round which the paper was passed to speed up the drying process. The development cost of £60,000 bankrupted the brothers. Although Parliament extended the patent for fourteen years, and the machine was widely adopted, they never reaped much profit from it. Tsar Alexander of Russia became interested in the papermaking machine while on a visit to England in 1814 and promised Henry Fourdrinier £700 per year for ten years for super-intending the erection of two machines in Russia; Henry carried out the work, but he received no payment. At the age of 72 he travelled to St Petersburg to seek recompense from the Tsar's successor Nicholas I, but to no avail. Eventually, on a motion in the House of Commons, the British Government awarded Fourdrinier a payment of £7,000. The paper trade, sensing the inadequacy of this sum, augmented it with a further sum which they subscribed so that an annuity could be purchased for Henry, then the only surviving brother, and his two daughters, to enable them to live in modest comfort. From its invention in ancient China (see Cai Lun), its appearance in the Middle Ages in Europe and through the first three and a half centuries of printing, every sheet of paper had to made by hand. The daily output of a hand-made paper mill was only 60–100 lb (27–45 kg), whereas the new machine increased that tenfold. Even higher speeds were achieved, with corresponding reductions in cost; the old mills could not possibly have kept pace with the new mechanical printing presses. The Fourdrinier machine was thus an essential element in the technological developments that brought about the revolution in the production of reading matter of all kinds during the nineteenth century. The high-speed, giant paper-making machines of the late twentieth century work on the same principle as the Fourdrinier of 1807.[br]Further ReadingR.H.Clapperton, 1967, The Paper-making Machine, Oxford: Pergamon Press. D.Hunter, 1947, Papermaking. The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft, London.LRD -
18 бумажная масса
1) General subject: paper stock (тряпье и т. п.), paper-pulp, pulp2) Engineering: paper paste, paper pulp, paper stock, papermaking pulp, papermaking stock, stuff3) Forestry: paper grade pulp4) Polygraphy: paper pulp suspension, paper stuff5) Cartography: paper web6) Makarov: furnish, paper stock (тряпье и т.п.), paper-making stock, slurry, stock, stuff for paper-making, the stuff for paper-making -
19 confección
f.1 confection, handicraft, manufacture, making.2 make-up of clothes.3 concoction.* * *2 (realización) making, making up* * *noun f.1) preparation2) dressmaking* * *SF1) (=preparación) making-up, preparation2) (Cos) dressmaking3) (Farm) concoction, preparation* * *a) ( de trajes) tailoring; ( de vestidos) dressmakingde confección — ready-to-wear, off-the-peg
b) ( de artefactos) makingc) (de folleto, periódico) production; ( de lista) drawing-upd) ( de medicina) preparation* * *= assignment, authoring, build-up [buildup], drafting.Ex. Similar principles may be applied in the formulation and assignment of headings irrespective of the physical form of the document.Ex. This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.Ex. No problem usually with terminals and micros but there could be an undesirable temperature build-up in confined areas.Ex. The preliminary work began immediately with the drafting of a questionnaire designed to collect pertinent data on the distribution of authority files.----* compañía de confección de ropa = clothing company.* confección del catálogo = catalogue production.* confección de leyes = law-making [lawmaking/law making].* confección de libros = bookmaking [book making].* confección del presupuesto = budgeting.* confección de papel = paper-making [papermaking].* confección de políticas = policy making [policy-making/policymaking].* confección de prendas de vestir = dressmaking.* confección de tejidos = weaving.* experto en la confección de documentos web = text mark-up expert.* industria de la confección = clothing industry.* industria de la confección, la = garment industry, the.* * *a) ( de trajes) tailoring; ( de vestidos) dressmakingde confección — ready-to-wear, off-the-peg
b) ( de artefactos) makingc) (de folleto, periódico) production; ( de lista) drawing-upd) ( de medicina) preparation* * *= assignment, authoring, build-up [buildup], drafting.Ex: Similar principles may be applied in the formulation and assignment of headings irrespective of the physical form of the document.
Ex: This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.Ex: No problem usually with terminals and micros but there could be an undesirable temperature build-up in confined areas.Ex: The preliminary work began immediately with the drafting of a questionnaire designed to collect pertinent data on the distribution of authority files.* compañía de confección de ropa = clothing company.* confección del catálogo = catalogue production.* confección de leyes = law-making [lawmaking/law making].* confección de libros = bookmaking [book making].* confección del presupuesto = budgeting.* confección de papel = paper-making [papermaking].* confección de políticas = policy making [policy-making/policymaking].* confección de prendas de vestir = dressmaking.* confección de tejidos = weaving.* experto en la confección de documentos web = text mark-up expert.* industria de la confección = clothing industry.* industria de la confección, la = garment industry, the.* * *1 (de trajes) tailoring; (de vestidos) dressmakingindustria de la confección clothing industry, garment industry, rag trade ( colloq)de confección ready-to-wear, off-the-peg[ S ] confecciones fashions2 (de artefactos) making4 (de una medicina) preparation, making up* * *
confección sustantivo femenino
( de vestidos) dressmaking;
de confección ready-to-wear, off-the-peg
confección sustantivo femenino
1 Cost dressmaking, tailoring
la industria de la confección, familiar the rag trade
2 (realización) making, making up
' confección' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
corte
- hechura
- raja
English:
making
- rag trade
- ready
- bunting
- dry
- manufacture
- off
* * *confección nf1. [de ropa] tailoring, dressmaking;2. [de comida] preparation, making;[de lista] drawing up; [de estadística] production, preparation;productos de confección artesanal handicrafts;la confección de las listas electorales the drawing up of the parties' lists of candidates* * *f1 de aparatos making* * *confección nf, pl - ciones1) : preparation2) : tailoring, dressmaking* * *1. (ropa) clothing2. (elaboración) making -
20 confección de papel
(n.) = paper-making [papermaking]Ex. The supply of best-quality white rags for paper-making had always been precarious, and bleaching enabled the more abundant coloured and second-quality rags to be made into acceptable writing and printing papers.* * *(n.) = paper-making [papermaking]Ex: The supply of best-quality white rags for paper-making had always been precarious, and bleaching enabled the more abundant coloured and second-quality rags to be made into acceptable writing and printing papers.
См. также в других словарях:
papermaking — [pā′pər māk΄iŋ] n. the making of paper papermaker n. * * * pa·per·mak·ing (pāʹpər mā kĭng) n. The process or craft of making paper. paʹper·mak er n. * * * Introduction formation of a matted or felted sheet, usually of cellulose fibres,… … Universalium
papermaking — [pā′pər māk΄iŋ] n. the making of paper papermaker n … English World dictionary
Papermaking — [ thumb|230px|right|The Diamond Sutra of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, the oldest dated printed book in the world, found at Dunhuang, from 868 AD.] Papermaking is the process of making paper, a material which is used ubiquitously today for writing… … Wikipedia
papermaking — The basic papermaking proces takes advantage of the ability of plant cell fibers (cellulose) to adhere to each other when a watery pulp made from the fibers is spread on a screen called a deckle, and dried. Today, paper is made principally… … Glossary of Art Terms
papermaking — noun see papermaker … New Collegiate Dictionary
papermaking — noun The craft of making paper See Also: papermaker … Wiktionary
Papermaking — Изготовление бумаги, производство бумаги; Бумажное производство … Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
papermaking — n. art of making paper; formation of paper … English contemporary dictionary
papermaking — noun the craft of making paper • Hypernyms: ↑trade, ↑craft * * * ˈ ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ˌ ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ noun : the making of paper … Useful english dictionary
Papermaking machine — Бумагоделательная машина … Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
Museum of Papermaking in Duszniki-Zdrój — Coordinates: 50°24′16″N 16°23′45″E / 50.4044°N 16.3957°E / 50.4044; 16.3957 … Wikipedia