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21 incorrect drive
disk drive — дисковод; накопитель на дисках
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22 logical drive
disk drive — дисковод; накопитель на дисках
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23 double-sided minifloppy disk drive
disk drive — дисковод; накопитель на дисках
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > double-sided minifloppy disk drive
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24 ADS
1) Общая лексика: Alcohol Disorder Syndrome2) Компьютерная техника: Active Directory Services, Alternate Data Streams, automated dependent surveillance3) Авиация: aviation data system (авиационная информационная система), autopilot disengage switch (выключатель автопилота), automatic dependent surveillance, автоматизированная система наблюдения, automatic dependent surveiliance4) Морской термин: one-atmospheric diving system (водолазная система с атмосферным давлением), atmospheric diving suit (водолазный скафандр с атмосферным давлением), altitude-depth sonar (гидроакустический измеритель высоты над поверхностью дна и глубины погружения, ГАС измерения глубины погружения и расстояния от подводного аппарата до дна)5) Спорт: Aitken Double Stars, Automatic Dice Server6) Военный термин: Acoustic SOF Detection System, Adaptive Diagnostics System, Advanced Distribution System, Air Defence Ship, Air Defense Systems, Airlift Defensive System, Application Development Software, Army Defence Studies, Army Dental Service, Associated Document Sheet, Atomic Defense Series, Attack Defend Support, accessory drive system, active dipping sonar, advanced data system, advanced declassification schedule, advanced display system, advanced diving system, advanced dressing station, aerial delivery system, air defense sector, air defense simulator, air defense squadron, air defense system, all-digital simulator, ammunition delivery system, automated data system, automatic data system, automatic digital switches, aviation depot squadron, Active Denial System7) Техника: acquisition and display subsystem, active device substrate, address, address data strobe, advanced dosimetry system, air data sensor, air defense ship, airborne display system, airport data system, altitude/depth sonar, angle data subsystem, automatic digital switch, automatic dispatch system8) Метеорология: All Directional Shower9) Юридический термин: American Depositary Shares, по иску ( такого-то лица) (ad sectam = at the suit of…), по ходатайству кого-л ( лат.)10) Бухгалтерия: Alternative Depreciation System11) Автомобильный термин: adaptive damping system12) Биржевой термин: American Depositary Share13) Оптика: angular displacement sensor14) Сокращение: Acoustic Detection Sensor, Acoustic Detection System, Advanced Deployable Systems program (US Navy), Advanced Digital Switch, Advanced Distributed Simulation, Air Data System, Air Defence Ship (India), Air Defence System, Air Defense Fighter, Air-Defense Ship, Aircraft Development Service, American Dialect Society, Architectural Design Study (NATO), Area Defensive System, Area Denial System, Armoured Delivery Squadron (UK), Atmospheric Diving System, Audio Distribution System, Automatic Defence System, Automatic Door Seal, American Denture Society (Американское общество зубного протезирования), American Daffodil Society (Американское общество любителей и селекционеров бледно-жёлтых нарциссов), American Dahlia Society (Американское общество любителей и селекционеров георгин), Anglo-Danish Society (Англо-датское общество культурных связей), Astronautical Development Society (Общество развития космонавтики), Application Development Solutions, Application Development System15) Университет: Academic Distribution Services16) Физиология: All Day Sickness, Antibody Deficiency Syndrome17) Вычислительная техника: Advanced Digital System, AutoCAD Development System, Autodesk Development System, Automatic Distribution System, Auxiliary Data System, administration server, административный сервер, Automatic Documenting System (LAN), analyzer drafter system (аналитическая чертежная система)18) Космонавтика: automatic dependent surveillance system19) Реклама: Alpha Delta Sigma20) Деловая лексика: Account Development Strategies, Advertisement And Discovery Of Services21) Бурение: arctic drilling system (арктическая буровая система (баржа на воздушной подушке с буровой установкой))22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: alternative design solution, водолазные работы с подачей воздуха с поверхности23) Полимеры: air-dried sheets24) Автоматика: accounting data system, attitude display system, automated design system, САР, декодер, система автоматической расшифровки, automatic decoding system, decoder25) Ядерная физика: Automatic Depressurization System26) Обработка данных: automated data service (автоматическая [автоматизированная] служба данных)27) Сахалин Ю: asset development strategy28) Химическое оружие: Agent destruction system29) Авиационная медицина: altitude decompression sickness30) Расширение файла: Ada Package Specification, Application Development Solutions (AT&T)31) Электротехника: automated distribution system32) Высокочастотная электроника: automatic debiting system33) Международная торговля: Agent Distributor Service, American Depository Share -
25 ads
1) Общая лексика: Alcohol Disorder Syndrome2) Компьютерная техника: Active Directory Services, Alternate Data Streams, automated dependent surveillance3) Авиация: aviation data system (авиационная информационная система), autopilot disengage switch (выключатель автопилота), automatic dependent surveillance, автоматизированная система наблюдения, automatic dependent surveiliance4) Морской термин: one-atmospheric diving system (водолазная система с атмосферным давлением), atmospheric diving suit (водолазный скафандр с атмосферным давлением), altitude-depth sonar (гидроакустический измеритель высоты над поверхностью дна и глубины погружения, ГАС измерения глубины погружения и расстояния от подводного аппарата до дна)5) Спорт: Aitken Double Stars, Automatic Dice Server6) Военный термин: Acoustic SOF Detection System, Adaptive Diagnostics System, Advanced Distribution System, Air Defence Ship, Air Defense Systems, Airlift Defensive System, Application Development Software, Army Defence Studies, Army Dental Service, Associated Document Sheet, Atomic Defense Series, Attack Defend Support, accessory drive system, active dipping sonar, advanced data system, advanced declassification schedule, advanced display system, advanced diving system, advanced dressing station, aerial delivery system, air defense sector, air defense simulator, air defense squadron, air defense system, all-digital simulator, ammunition delivery system, automated data system, automatic data system, automatic digital switches, aviation depot squadron, Active Denial System7) Техника: acquisition and display subsystem, active device substrate, address, address data strobe, advanced dosimetry system, air data sensor, air defense ship, airborne display system, airport data system, altitude/depth sonar, angle data subsystem, automatic digital switch, automatic dispatch system8) Метеорология: All Directional Shower9) Юридический термин: American Depositary Shares, по иску ( такого-то лица) (ad sectam = at the suit of…), по ходатайству кого-л ( лат.)10) Бухгалтерия: Alternative Depreciation System11) Автомобильный термин: adaptive damping system12) Биржевой термин: American Depositary Share13) Оптика: angular displacement sensor14) Сокращение: Acoustic Detection Sensor, Acoustic Detection System, Advanced Deployable Systems program (US Navy), Advanced Digital Switch, Advanced Distributed Simulation, Air Data System, Air Defence Ship (India), Air Defence System, Air Defense Fighter, Air-Defense Ship, Aircraft Development Service, American Dialect Society, Architectural Design Study (NATO), Area Defensive System, Area Denial System, Armoured Delivery Squadron (UK), Atmospheric Diving System, Audio Distribution System, Automatic Defence System, Automatic Door Seal, American Denture Society (Американское общество зубного протезирования), American Daffodil Society (Американское общество любителей и селекционеров бледно-жёлтых нарциссов), American Dahlia Society (Американское общество любителей и селекционеров георгин), Anglo-Danish Society (Англо-датское общество культурных связей), Astronautical Development Society (Общество развития космонавтики), Application Development Solutions, Application Development System15) Университет: Academic Distribution Services16) Физиология: All Day Sickness, Antibody Deficiency Syndrome17) Вычислительная техника: Advanced Digital System, AutoCAD Development System, Autodesk Development System, Automatic Distribution System, Auxiliary Data System, administration server, административный сервер, Automatic Documenting System (LAN), analyzer drafter system (аналитическая чертежная система)18) Космонавтика: automatic dependent surveillance system19) Реклама: Alpha Delta Sigma20) Деловая лексика: Account Development Strategies, Advertisement And Discovery Of Services21) Бурение: arctic drilling system (арктическая буровая система (баржа на воздушной подушке с буровой установкой))22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: alternative design solution, водолазные работы с подачей воздуха с поверхности23) Полимеры: air-dried sheets24) Автоматика: accounting data system, attitude display system, automated design system, САР, декодер, система автоматической расшифровки, automatic decoding system, decoder25) Ядерная физика: Automatic Depressurization System26) Обработка данных: automated data service (автоматическая [автоматизированная] служба данных)27) Сахалин Ю: asset development strategy28) Химическое оружие: Agent destruction system29) Авиационная медицина: altitude decompression sickness30) Расширение файла: Ada Package Specification, Application Development Solutions (AT&T)31) Электротехника: automated distribution system32) Высокочастотная электроника: automatic debiting system33) Международная торговля: Agent Distributor Service, American Depository Share -
26 machine
станок; машина || обрабатывать на станкеto machine all over — обрабатывать ( изделие) кругом
to CNC machine — обрабатывать на станке с ЧПУ, обрабатывать на станке с ЧПУ типа CNC, обрабатывать изделие на станке с ЧПУ, обрабатывать изделие на станке с ЧПУ типа CNC
to fix a machine — налаживать станок; ремонтировать станок
to machine off — срезать; отрезать
to machine the feature — обрабатывать элемент, обрабатывать элемент изделия
to program the machine — программировать ( обработку) на станке
machine with sliding frame — станок с подвижной рамой, станок с перемещающейся рамой
- 2 m3 machinemachine with traveling table for shaping — станок с подвижным столом для раскроя по формату, станок с перемещающимся столом для раскроя по формату
- 3-axis NC machine
- 50-taper machine
- 630-mm-class machine
- 90º plate shearing machine
- 90º sheet shearing machine
- above resonance-balancing machine
- abrasion testing machine
- abrasive belt head machine
- abrasive belt-grinding machine
- abrasive cold-sawing machine
- abrasive cutting-off machine
- abrasive disk machine
- abrasive electrochemical machine
- abrasive metal-cutting machine
- abrasive wear-testing machine
- AC machine
- accounting machine
- acyclic machine
- adapting machine
- adaptive control machine
- adaptive controlled machine
- adding machine
- adjustable multiple-spindle drilling machine
- adjustable rail machine
- adjustable rail milling machine
- advanced technology machine
- air-drying machine
- airspace profiling machine
- align boring machine
- all-electric machine
- all-geared machine
- all-hydraulic machine
- all-purpose machine
- all-steel machine
- alterating impact testing machine
- alterating stress testing machine
- aluminum machine
- analog machine
- ancillary inspection machine
- angle straightening machine
- angle-bending machine
- angle-iron bending machine
- angle-iron shearing machine
- anthropomorphic machine
- arm tapping machine
- armoring machine
- articulating arm tapping machine
- artificial intelligence-driven machine
- AS/R machine
- aspheric diamond turning machine
- assembling machine
- assembly machine
- ATC machine
- ATC-equipped machine
- atomic X-ray machine
- attrition testing machine
- autochucking machine
- automatic arc welding machine
- automatic assembly machine
- automatic bar machine
- automatic buffing machine
- automatic chucking machine
- automatic chucking-and-turning machine
- automatic continuous drum milling machine
- automatic data processing machine
- automatic drill fluting machine
- automatic forging machine
- automatic gas-cutting machine
- automatic gas-welding machine
- automatic machine
- automatic metal forming machine
- automatic polishing machine
- automatic punching machine
- automatic screw machine
- automatic straightening and cutting machine
- automatic strip-straightening machine
- automatic tapping machine
- automatic toolchanger machine
- automatic toolchanging machine
- automatic turret machine
- axial fatigue machine
- axis-controlled machine
- axle turning machine
- balancing machine
- baling machine
- ball race grinding machine
- ball screw machine
- ball-grinding machine
- ball-hardness testing machine
- balling machine
- band cutoff machine
- band machine
- band metal shearing machine
- band-filing machine
- band-grinding machine
- banding machine
- band-polishing machine
- bandsaw blade grinding machine
- bandsaw machine
- bandsaw welding machine
- bandsaw-brazing machine
- bandsawing machine
- bandsaw-sharpening machine
- bar automatic turning machine
- bar feed machine
- bar feed turning machine
- bar machine
- bar-and-chucking machine
- bar-and-chucking turning machine
- bar-and-tube straightening machine
- bar-bending machine
- bar-chamfering machine
- bar-cutting machine
- bar-pointing machine
- bar-polishing machine
- barreling machine
- bar-shearing machine
- bar-skimming machine
- bar-straightening machine
- bar-tagging machine
- bar-type boring machine
- base-type milling machine
- basic machine
- batch-produced machine
- battery spot-welding machine
- beading machine
- bearing roller lapping machine
- bed-type configuration machine
- bed-type drilling machine
- bed-type machine
- bed-type milling machine
- below resonance balancing machine
- belt-driven machine
- belt-grinding machine
- belt-polishing machine
- bench-grinding machine
- bench-mounted machine
- bench-top machine
- bench-type machine
- bending and forming machine
- bending machine
- between-centers turning machine
- bevel gear hobbing machine for spiral bevel gears
- bevel gear hobbing machine for straight gears
- bevel gear lapping machine
- bevel gear making machine
- bevel gear testing machine
- bevel grinding machine
- beveling machine
- bidirectional broaching machine
- binding machine
- bipedal walking machine
- bitting machine
- blade-edging machine
- blade-grinding machine
- blanking machine
- blending machine
- blind spline broach machine
- blind spline broaching machine
- block-and-head broaching machine
- blocked machine
- blower machine
- blowing machine
- blow-ramming molding machine
- blue-print machine
- blue-printing machine
- bobbin machine
- bolt head forging machine
- bolting machine
- bolt-maker machine
- bolt-making machine
- bolt-pointing machine
- bolt-screwing machine
- bolt-threading machine
- bolt-upsetting machine
- bonded machine
- bore centerless grinding machine
- bore-sizing machine
- bore-slotting machine
- boring and milling machine
- boring machine
- boring/facing machine
- boring, drilling and milling machine
- boring, milling and drilling machine
- bottleneck machine
- box-column drilling machine
- bracket-drilling machine
- bracket-milling machine
- braiding machine
- brazing machine
- breaking machine
- bridge machine
- Bridgeport milling machine
- bridge-type milling machine
- Brinell's machine
- broach pulldown machine
- broach-and-center machine
- broach-grinding machine
- broaching tool sharpening machine
- broach-sharpening machine
- brushing machine
- buffing machine
- built-from-scratch machine
- bunching machine
- burn machine
- burning machine
- burnishing machine
- burr-cutting machine
- burring machine
- busy machine
- butt-seam welding machine
- butt-welding machine
- by-level broaching machine
- cabinet-based machine
- cable tension testing machine
- cable-making machine
- cable-stranding machine
- cam automatic screw machine
- cam machine
- cam-controlled machine
- cam-controlled screw machine
- cam-cutting machine
- cam-driven machine
- cam-driven screw machine
- cam-grinding machine
- cam-measuring machine
- cammed screw machine
- cam-milling machine
- cam-operated screw machine
- camshaft-grinding machine
- capable machine
- capacitor discharge spot-welding machine
- capacitor spot-welding machine
- capstan drive machine
- car wheel grinding machine
- carbide tool grinding machine
- carbide tool lapping machine
- carousel machine
- cast iron machine
- cast machine
- casting cleaning machine
- casting machine
- casting washing machine
- cavity sinking EDM machine
- cell machine
- center column rotary index machine
- center column rotary indexing machine
- center hole grinding machine
- center hole lapping machine
- center-drilling machine
- centerdrive machine
- centering and end facing machine
- centering and facing machine
- centering machine
- centerless bar turning machine
- centerless cylindrical grinding machine
- centerless grinding machine
- centerless lapping machine
- centerless polishing machine
- centerless turning machine
- center-type machine
- center-type turning machine
- centrifugal babbiting machine
- centrifugal casting machine
- centrifugal machine
- centrifugal sand-throwing machine
- ceramic-cutting machine
- chain broaching machine
- chain making machine
- chain shotblasting machine
- chain tension testing machine
- chain testing machine
- chain-operated broaching machine
- chamfering machine
- charge-discharge machine
- Charpy impact machine
- Charpy machine
- charting machine
- check balancing machine
- checking machine
- chip-making machine
- chip-producing machine
- chucker machine
- chucker-and-bar machine
- chucking machine
- circle cutting machine
- circuit board drilling machine
- circular cold sawing machine
- circular continuous milling machine
- circular cutoff machine
- circular dividing machine
- circular graduating machine
- circular grinding machine
- circular hot sawing machine
- circular saw blade grinding machine
- circular saw sharpening machine
- circular sawing machine
- circular seam-welding machine
- circumferential seam-welding machine
- cleaning machine
- closing machine
- CNC high-speed routing machine
- CNC machine
- CNC screw machine
- CNC Swiss-type screw machine
- CNC/CMM machine
- CNC-manual machine
- CNC-operated machine
- CNC-retrofitted machine
- CO2 laser cutting machine
- coil banding machine
- coil downending machine
- coiling machine
- coil-processing machine
- coil-strapping machine
- coil-stripping machine
- coil-winding machine
- coil-wrapping machine
- cold saw-cutting-off machine
- cold thread rolling machine
- cold upsetting machine
- cold-chamber die-casting machine
- cold-forging machine
- cold-forming machine
- cold-heading machine
- cold-sawing machine
- collecting machine
- column drilling machine
- column-and-knee-type machine
- column-and-knee-type milling machine
- combination jarring squeezing molding machine
- combined boring-and-honing machine
- combined curve-cutting and nibbling machine
- combined gear hobbing and gear shaping machine
- combined machine
- combined milling-turning machine
- combined planing-and-milling machine
- combined shearing machine
- combined surface planing and thicknessing machine
- combined vertical and horizontal broaching machine
- commercial machine
- commutator machine
- complementary machines
- component cleaning machine
- component insertion machine
- composite boring-and-honing machine
- compound machine
- compound table machine
- compound universal milling machine
- compressed air driven machine
- compressed gas machine
- compression-testing machine
- compression-type machine
- computer-controlled industrial machine
- computer-controlled machine
- computerized machine
- computing machine
- condenser spot-welding machine
- cone pulley machine
- conical rotor machine
- constant cycling machine
- container erecting-and-forming machine
- container-cleaning machine
- container-washing machine
- continuous chain broaching machine
- continuous drum milling machine
- continuous motion machine
- continuous motion orienting-and-tapping machine
- continuous path NC machine
- continuous path tape controlled machine
- continuous roll-forming machine
- continuous rotary milling machine
- continuous tapping machine
- continuous wire EDM machine
- continuous wire machine
- continuous-casting machine with bending discharge
- continuous-casting machine
- continuously running machine
- contour band machine
- contour production machine
- contour squeeze molding machine
- contouring band machine
- contouring machine
- contour-milling machine
- contour-shaping machine
- controlling machine
- conventional machine
- conventional manually-operated machine
- conventionally operated machine
- converted lathe-and-milling machine
- converted machine
- convertible planing machine
- conveying machine
- cooling machine
- coordinate boring machine
- coordinate boring-and-milling machine
- coordinate drilling machine
- coordinate drilling-boring-and-milling machine
- coordinate inspection machine
- coordinate measuring machine
- coping machine
- copy control machine
- copy grinding machine
- copying machine
- copy-milling machine
- copy-piercing machine
- copy-planing machine
- core blowing machine
- core jarring machine
- core shooting machine
- core wire straightening machine
- core-making machine
- corrosion-fatigue testing machine
- corrugating machine
- countersink machine
- countersinking machine
- coupling machine
- crack detection machine
- crankpin-turning machine
- crankshaft-balancing machine
- crankshaft-grinding machine
- crankshaft-lapping machine
- crankshaft-milling machine
- crankshaft-regrinding machine
- crank-shaping machine
- crank-slotting machine
- creasing machine
- creep feed grinding machine
- creep testing machine
- crimping machine
- crocodile shearing machine
- cropping machine
- cross roll-forging machine
- cross-wire welding machine
- crosswise veneer splicing machine
- crushing machine
- cupping machine
- curling machine
- curtain coating machine
- curve-cutting machine
- curved tooth bevel gear cutting machine
- curve-milling machine
- curvilinear slotting machine
- curving machine
- custom metalcutting machine
- custom-assembled machine
- custom-build machine
- customized machine
- cutoff band machine
- cutoff machine
- cutter inspection machine
- cutter-checking machine
- cutter-grinding machine
- cutter-relieving machine
- cutting machine with coordinate drive
- cutting machine
- cutting-off machine
- cylinder-boring machine
- cylinder-grinding machine
- cylinder-honing machine
- cylindrical coordinate-measuring machine
- cylindrical external grinding machine
- cylindrical gear hobbing machine
- cylindrical gear shaping machine
- cylindrical rotor machine
- cylindrical turning machine
- cylindrical-die thread-rolling machine
- data processing machine
- database machine
- DCC coordinate measuring machine
- De Levaud casting machine
- deburring machine
- decoiling machine
- dedicated proving machine
- dedicated special machine
- deencapsulation machine
- deep drawing machine
- deep hole boring machine
- deep hole drilling machine
- deep hole drilling/boring machine
- deep rolling machine
- defective machine
- degreasing machine
- descaling machine
- deseaming machine
- desktop machine
- destination machine
- detangling machine
- detwisting machine
- development machine
- dial machine
- dial-index machine
- dial-indexing machine
- dial-type machine
- dial-type transfer machine
- diamond die polishing machine
- diamond machine
- diamond pyramid hardness machine
- diamond-boring machine
- diamond-contouring machine
- diamond-honing machine
- diamond-impregnated wire cutting machine
- diamond-turning machine
- die head chaser grinding machine
- die-and-mold grinding machine
- die-casting machine
- die-filing machine
- die-grinding machine
- die-milling machine
- die-polishing machine
- die-ripping machine
- die-shaping machine
- die-sinking and hole-contouring machine
- die-sinking machine
- die-sinking milling machine
- die-sinking spark erosion machine
- die-stamping machine
- digging machine
- digitizing and scanning machine
- digitizing machine
- digitizing/cutting machine
- digitizing-metalcutting machine
- dimensional gaging machine
- direct computer controlled machine
- direct current commutator machine
- direct stress machine
- direct stress testing machine
- direct-drive machine
- discharge machine
- disk machine
- disk sanding machine
- disk-cutting machine
- disk-grinding machine
- disk-resurfacing machine
- dividing machine
- DMM machine
- DNC-controlled machine
- DNC-like machine
- DNC-supported machine
- double duplex milling machine
- double portal cutting machine
- double wheel lapping machine
- double-cantilever cutting machine
- double-column milling machine
- double-column planing machine
- double-column slideway grinding machine
- double-disk grinding machine
- double-end facing-and-centering machine
- double-end fine boring machine
- double-end grinding machine
- double-end machine
- double-end mill-and-centering machine
- double-end milling machine
- double-ended centering and end-facing machine
- double-ended centering machine
- double-ended drilling machine
- double-ended machine
- double-ended milling machine
- double-faced mill-and-centering machine
- double-fed asynchronous machine
- double-gantry milling machine
- double-head machine
- double-housing machine
- double-housing milling machine
- double-lap lapping and polishing machine
- double-punching machine
- double-ram vertical broaching machine
- double-roll forming machine
- double-shaping machine
- double-slide vertical broaching machine
- double-strand pig machine
- dovetailing machine
- dowel-insert machine
- down machine
- downstroking machine
- drafting machine
- draw machine
- drawing machine
- dream machine
- dressing machine
- drill and tap machine
- drill fluting machine
- drill machine
- drill press machine
- drill/tap machine
- drill-grinding machine
- drillhead-changing machine
- drilling machine
- drilling, milling and boring machine
- drilling-and-boring machine
- drilling-and-counterboring machine
- drilling-and-milling machine
- drilling-and-routing machine
- drilling-and-tapping machine
- drilling-and-threading machine
- drilling-tapping machine
- drill-layout machine
- drooping-characteristic machine
- drop-testing machine
- drum-type continuous milling machine
- drum-type milling machine
- dry cutting machine
- dry-floor machine
- drying machine
- dual co-axial spindle and subspindle turning machine
- dual controlled manual/CNC machine
- dual machine
- dual planing-and-milling machine
- dual-gantry machine
- dual-head machine
- dual-pallet machine
- dual-purpose machine
- dual-ram surface-broaching machine
- dual-station machine
- ductility testing machine
- dummy machine
- dumping molding machine
- duplex machine for rail ends
- duplex machine
- duplex multiple spindle machine
- duplex vertical broaching machine
- duplex-head milling machine
- duplex-manufacturing bed-type milling machine
- duplex-type of surface broaching machine
- duplicating machine
- duplicating milling machine
- dynamic balancing machine
- eager-beaver pulldown broaching machine
- earth-moving machine
- EB welding machine
- ECM machine
- economically priced machine
- ED grinding machine
- ED wire cutting machine
- ED-copying machine
- ED-cutting-off machine
- eddy current machine
- eddy current test machine
- edge-beveling machine
- edge-chamfering machine
- edge-cutting machine
- edge-knurling machine
- edge-milling machine
- edge-planing machine
- edge-trimming machine
- edging machine
- EDM diesinking machine
- EDM machine
- EDM texturing machine
- EDM wire machine
- EDM wire-cut machine
- ED-sinking machine
- educational machine
- efficiency testing machine
- eight-axis NC machine
- electric drive machine
- electric machine
- electric molding machine
- electrical discharge die-sinking and hole-contouring machine
- electrical discharge machine
- electrical discharge outcutting machine
- electrical discharge profiling machine
- electrically-operated machine
- electric-spark cutting machine
- electrochemical grinding machine
- electrode feeding machine
- electro-discharge drilling machine
- electro-discharge grinding machine
- electrolytic grinding machine
- electrolytic machine
- electrolytic tinning machine
- electrolytically assisted cutting-off machine
- electrolytically assisted machine
- electromagnetic molding machine
- electron beam drilling machine
- electron beam machine
- electron beam welding machine
- electronic data processing machine
- electroplating machine
- electrostatic stored-energy machine
- elevating beam boring machine
- elevating head milling machine
- elevating machine
- elevating rail machine
- elevator machine
- embossing machine
- encapsulating machine
- end preparation machine
- end-finishing machine
- end-finishing-centering machine
- end-grinding machine
- ending-and-centering machine
- end-turning machine
- endurance testing machine for repeated torsion
- endurance testing machine
- end-working machine
- energy machine
- energy transforming machine
- energy-intensive machine
- engraving form duplicating machine
- engraving machine
- engraving-type form duplicating machine
- Erichsen cupping machine
- Erichsen ductility machine
- eroding machine
- erosion machine
- etch machine
- etching machine
- exhibited machine
- expanding machine
- explosive force molding machine
- extended-travel machine
- extension machine
- external angular plunge grinding machine
- external broaching machine
- external cylindrical centerless grinding machine
- external grinding machine
- external honing machine
- extracting machine
- extruding machine
- extrusion machine
- face-grinding machine
- face-milling machine
- facing machine
- facing-and-centering machine
- facsimile machine
- failed machine
- falling weight testing machine
- fastener tapping-and-orienting machine
- fatigue bending machine
- fatigue testing machine for alternating torsion
- fatigue testing machine
- fault detection machine
- fax machine
- feedback machine
- field-tested machine
- file-cutting machine
- file-testing machine
- filing machine
- filing-and-sawing machine
- filling machine
- fine boring machine
- fine countersinking machine
- fine-blanking machine
- finish boring machine
- finishing machine
- finite memory machine
- finite state machine
- first-off machine
- fir-tree broachinng machine
- fir-tree milling machine
- five-side machine
- five-sided machine
- fixed beam machine
- fixed bed milling machine
- fixed bed-type milling machine
- fixed cycle machine
- fixed machine
- fixed post machine
- fixed sequence machine
- fixed weighing machine
- fixed-column machine
- fixed-table machine
- flame-cutting machine
- flame-profiling machine
- flanging machine
- flash butt-welding machine
- flat die thread-rolling machine
- flattening machine
- flexible assembly machine
- flexible machine
- flexible shaft filing machine
- flexible transfer machine
- flexing machine
- floor charging machine
- floor horizontal boring machine
- floor machine
- floor-type horizontal boring machine
- floor-type machine
- floor-type stripper machine
- flotation machine
- Floturn machine
- flowturning machine
- FLS machine
- fluid-actuated machine
- fluid-feed machine
- flute-grinding machine
- flute-milling machine
- fluting machine
- flying cutoff machine
- FM machine
- FMS machine
- FMS-capable machine
- foil butt-seam welding machine
- folding machine
- foot-operated welding machine
- forge rolling machine
- forging machine
- form cutter milling machine
- form-duplicating machine
- form-grinding machine
- forming machine
- form-milling machine
- form-testing machine
- foundry machine
- four-ball machine
- four-pallet machine
- four-roll bending machine
- four-roll forming machine
- four-roll sheet bending machine
- four-strand continuous casting machine
- friction disk sawing machine
- front-loading turning machine
- front-operated turning machine
- full-automatic turret screw machine
- furnace hoisting machine
- furnace-threading machine
- fusion cutting-off machine
- gaging machine
- gag-straightening machine
- galvanizing machine
- gang drilling machine
- gang slitting machine
- ganghead replaceable-type machine
- gangspindle drilling machine
- gang-tooled machine
- gang-type drilling machine
- gantry cutting machine
- gantry-loaded machine
- gantry-type machine
- gantry-type milling machine
- gantry-type plano-milling machine
- gas-cutting machine
- gear cutter grinding machine
- gear fine processing machine
- gear grinding and polishing machine
- gear lapping and polishing machine
- gear machine
- gear profile grinding machine
- gear tooth chamfering machine
- gear tooth grinding machine
- gear tooth inspection machine
- gear tooth rounding machine
- gear-burnishing machine
- gear-chamfering machine
- gear-checking machine
- gear-cutting machine
- gear-deburring machine
- geared head machine
- gear-finishing machine
- gear-grinding machine
- gear-hardening machine
- gear-hobbing machine for spur gears
- gear-hobbing machine
- gear-honing machine
- gear-lapping machine
- gear-making machine
- gear-manufacturing machine
- gear-measuring machine
- gear-milling machine
- gear-polishing machine
- gear-producing machine
- gear-rolling machine
- gear-shaping machine
- gear-shaving machine
- gear-sizing machine
- gear-testing machine
- general-purpose flat surface broaching machine
- general-purpose machine
- generating machine
- gilding machine
- gimbals head rolling machine
- gold rolling machine
- grading machine
- grinder-milling machine
- grinding machine for drill bits
- grinding machine with rotating column
- grinding machine
- grinding-and-lapping machine
- grinding-and-polishing machine
- grooving machine
- G-Tech machine
- Guillotine knife grinding machine for long knives
- Guillotine knife grinding machine
- gun-boring machine
- gun-drill machine
- gun-drilling machine
- gun-rifling machine
- gun-welding machine
- hacksawing machine
- half-NC machine
- hammer impact machine
- hammering machine
- hand-driven cutting machine
- hand-fed machine
- hand-held machine
- hand-load machine
- hand-milling machine
- hand-operated molding machine
- hand-operated press-molding machine
- hand-operated squeezing machine
- hard bearing balancing machine
- hard X-ray machine
- hardening machine
- hardness-testing machine
- hardwired NC machine
- Hazellet continuous strip casting machine
- head-changer machine
- head-changing machine
- heading machine
- headstock moving-type automatic screw machine
- head-to-head machines
- heating machine
- heavy machine
- heavy-duty machine
- heavy-hogging machine
- hexapod machine
- high-accuracy machine
- high-energy-rate forging machine
- high-energy-rate machine
- high-frequency ac welding machine
- high-frequency hardening machine
- highly accurate machine
- highly productive machine
- high-performance machine
- high-precision machine
- high-production machine
- high-productivity machine
- high-specification machine
- high-speed drafting machine
- high-speed machine
- high-speed spindle machine
- high-technology machine
- high-temperature fatigue testing machine
- high-velocity ram machine
- high-volume machine
- hinged roll-over machine
- hitch-feed cut-off machine
- HNC machine
- hob back-off machine
- hob tooth profile grinding machine
- hobbing machine
- hob-grinding machine
- hob-sharpening machine
- hoisting machine
- hole milling-and-reaming machine
- hole-making machine
- hole-punching machine
- hone machine
- honing machine
- honing-and-lapping machine
- horizontal arm measuring machine
- horizontal band machine
- horizontal bar machine
- horizontal boring machine
- horizontal broaching machine
- horizontal casting machine
- horizontal continuous broaching machine
- horizontal continuous drilling machine
- horizontal forging machine
- horizontal indexing machine
- horizontal internal broaching machine
- horizontal machine
- horizontal milling machine
- horizontal plate-bending machine
- horizontal punching machine
- horizontal ram machine
- horizontal shaping machine
- horizontal slotting machine
- horizontal spindle surface grinding machine
- horizontal square T-planer type milling machine
- horizontal-type machine
- horizontal-vertical milling machine
- hose-type sandblast tank machine
- host machine
- hot plate straightening machine
- hot-box core-making machine
- hot-chamber die-casting machine
- hot-heading machine
- hot-metal sawing machine
- hsc machine
- hybrid machine
- hydraulic axis machine
- hydraulic balancing machine
- hydraulic bloom shearing machine
- hydraulic core knockout machine
- hydraulic machine
- hydraulic molding machine
- hydraulic pipe testing machine
- hydraulic riveting machine
- hydraulic shearing machine
- hydraulic squeeze machine
- hydraulically-assisted machine
- hydraulically-driven machine
- hydraulically-powered machine
- hydraulic-assisted machine
- hydraulic-driven machine
- hydraulic-electric machine
- hydraulic-powered machine
- hydro-copying machine
- hydrostatic machine
- hydrostatic-extrusion machine
- imitation machine
- impact machine
- impact pendulum-type testing machine
- impact tension machine
- impact-test machine
- impact-testing machine
- impulse-cutting machine
- impulse-forming machine
- impulsive machine
- inclined tapping machine
- indentation machine
- index machine
- index milling machine
- indexer machine
- indexing chuck machine
- indexing drum milling machine
- indexing head machine
- indexing machine
- indexing turret machine
- induction hardening machine
- induction softening machine
- industrial machine
- informational machine
- ingot stripper machine
- ingot-planing machine
- ingot-scalping machine
- ingot-slicing machine
- injection-molding machine
- in-line machine
- in-line synchronous machine
- in-line transfer machine
- innovative machine
- inspection and measuring machine
- inspection machine
- integrated turning/milling machine
- intelligent machine
- intermittently manned machine
- internal broaching machine
- internal grinding machine
- internal grooving machine
- internal keyseating machine
- internal lapping machine
- internal planetary-type grinding machine
- internal thread grinding machine
- internal-and-external broaching machine
- internal-external inspection machine
- internal-part-transfer vertical broaching machine
- inverted vertical turning machine
- involute profile measuring machine
- ion beam machine
- iron shearing machine
- jar molding machine
- jar ramming machine
- jar ramming roll-over molding machine
- jarring machine
- jig milling machine
- jig-borer-class machine
- jig-boring machine
- jig-drilling machine
- jig-grinding machine
- jigless machine
- job-dedicated machine
- joggling machine
- jointed arm drilling machine
- jolt core-making machine
- jolt molding machine
- jolt pattern-draw molding machine
- jolt roll-over pattern-draw molding machine
- jolt squeeze molding machine
- journal-milling machine
- journal-turning machine
- Kenyon machine
- key machine
- key-and-slot milling machine
- key-bitting machine
- key-cutting machine
- key-duplicating machine
- keyseating and slot milling machine
- keyseating machine
- keyseating milling machine
- keyway-cutting machine
- keyway-milling machine
- keyway-seating machine
- keyway-slotting machine
- kneading machine
- knee-and-column machine
- knee-and-column milling machine
- knee-and-column-type milling machine
- kneeless-type milling machine
- knee-type machine
- knee-type milling machine
- knife-grinding machine
- knitting machine
- knurling machine
- labeling machine
- lamination segments blanking machine
- lapping and polishing machine
- lapping machine
- large-dimensioned machine
- large-scale machine
- large-size machine
- laser beam cutting machine
- laser beam machine
- laser die-sinking machine
- laser etch machine
- laser etching machine
- laser-assisted machine
- laser-controlled machine
- laser-cutting machine
- laser-hardening machine
- laser-scribing machine
- lathe machine
- laying-out machine
- lay-out machine
- lead screw tapping machine
- lead screw testing machine
- leakage-testing machine
- lens-grinding machine
- letter and paper cup machine
- leveling machine
- lever punching machine
- lever testing machine
- leverage proportioned tracing milling machine
- lever-type Brinell machine
- lifting machine
- light machine
- light production machine
- light-duty machine
- lightly manned machine
- light-weight machine
- limited-interference machine
- linear path-controlled machine
- linear station machine
- line-boring machine
- line-controlled machine
- live spindle machine
- lock-seaming machine
- long travel machine
- long-feed cut-off machine
- longitudinal circular cold sawing machine
- longitudinal dividing machine
- longitudinal grinding machine
- longitudinal seam-welding machine
- long-lasting machine
- long-running machine
- long-stroke broaching machine
- long-stroke machine
- long-term strength testing machine
- low-pressure die-casting machine
- machine of compact construction
- machine of dieing design
- machine of the state of the art
- machining machine
- magazine bar feed machine
- magnetic cobbing machine
- magnetic force welding machine
- magnetic forming machine
- maintenance-free machine
- manual machine
- manual-CNC machine
- manual-CNC turning machine
- manually controlled machine
- manually jogged machine
- manually tended machine
- manual-toolchange machine
- manufacturing bed-type milling machine
- manufacturing machine
- manufacturing milling machine
- manufacturing-oriented machine
- manufacturing-type machine
- marking machine
- marking-off machine
- marking-out machine
- mass centering machine
- mass-production machine
- master machine
- match-plate molding machine
- material testing machine
- material-cutting machine
- MDI-controlled machine
- measurement machine
- measuring machine
- mechanical drive machine
- mechanically driven machine
- medium duty machine
- medium travel machine
- mesh-welding machine
- metal slitting machine
- metal testing machine
- metal-cutting machine
- metal-folding machine
- metal-forming machine
- metal-planing machine
- metal-removing machine
- metal-sawing machine
- metal-working machine
- metamorphic machine
- metrology machine
- microcomputer-based NC machine
- microdrilling machine
- microfinishing machine
- micromilling machine
- microscopic drilling machine
- mill/turn machine
- mill-drill-bore machine
- milling cutter grinding machine
- milling machine with table of fixed height and with vertical spindle
- milling machine with table of variable height and with horizontal spindle
- milling machine with table of variable height
- milling machine
- milling/drilling machine
- milling/turning machine
- milling-and-boring machine
- milling-and-centering machine
- minicomputer-controlled machine
- minicoordinate boring machine
- minicoordinate drilling machine
- miter saw machine
- miter-cutting machine
- mitering saw machine
- mixing machine
- mobile gantry-type machine
- mobile weighing machine
- mock-up machine
- model engineers milling machine
- modular industrial machine
- modular machine
- modular-type machine
- molding machine
- mortising machine
- motor-driven welding machine
- movable bridge machine
- movable column machine
- movable saddle machine
- moving bridge machine
- moving column/fixed table machine
- moving machine
- moving table machine
- multiaxis machine
- multidie machine
- multidisciplinary machine
- multidrilling machine
- multifunction machine
- multihead automatic arc-welding machine
- multihead changer machine
- multihead machine
- multihead milling machine
- multiloaded machine
- multioperation machine
- multioperational machine
- multipallet machine
- multiple machines
- multiple secondary-operation machine
- multiple second-operation machine
- multiple-beam flame planing machine
- multiple-blowpipe machine
- multiple-broach broaching machine
- multiple-burner machine
- multiple-diameter grinding machine
- multiple-diameter turning machine
- multiple-head broaching machine
- multiple-head drilling machine
- multiple-operation machine
- multiple-purpose machine
- multiple-roll machine
- multiple-spindle automatic machine
- multiple-spindle bar machine
- multiple-spindle machine
- multiple-spot welding machine
- multiple-station machine
- multiple-station transfer machine
- multiple-table milling machine
- multiple-torch machine
- multiple-transformer machine
- multiple-transformer spot-welding machine
- multiproduct machine
- multipurpose broaching machine
- multipurpose shearing machine
- multireduction wire-drawing machine
- multiroll bar straightening machine
- multiroller machine
- multisensor coordinate machine
- multispecimen testing machine
- multispindle automatic screw machine
- multispindle bar machine
- multispindle head machine
- multispindle head-changing machine
- multispindle screw machine
- multispot machine
- multistation indexing transfer machine
- multistation machine
- multisurface machine
- multitool turning machine
- multiunit drilling machine
- multiuniversal machine
- multiway drilling machine
- nail-making machine
- narrow belt sanding machine
- NC machine
- needle die grinding machine
- needle die polishing machine
- nibbling machine
- nibbling, milling and punching machine
- nipple-threading machine
- No.40-taper-tool machine
- No.50-taper machine
- noncantilevered machine
- nonferrous sawing machine
- non-NC machine
- nonstock machine
- nonsystem machine
- normal accuracy machine
- normal manned NC machine
- notching machine
- numbering machine
- nut-castellating machine
- nut-chamfering machine
- nut-deburring machine
- nut-facing machine
- nut-making machine
- nut-running machine
- nut-setting machine
- nut-shaping machine
- nut-tapping machine
- nut-threading machine
- OD grinding machine
- OD machine
- off-line machine
- offset milling machine
- off-site machine
- oil hydraulic machine
- oil roll machine
- oil-grooving machine
- oiling machine
- omnimil versatile machine
- one-axis machine
- one-head automatic arc-welding machine
- one-hit machine
- one-meter machine
- one-off machine
- one-operator machine
- on-line machine
- open-side milling machine
- open-side planing machine
- open-side plano-milling machine
- open-sided milling machine
- operator-independent machine
- operator-initiated machine
- operator-positionable machine
- operator-programmed machine
- opposed spindle machine
- optical jig boring machine
- optical pattern tracing machine
- optical profile grinding machine
- optical reading machine
- original equipment CNC machine
- orthodox machine
- orthogonally movable machine
- oscillating bandsaw machine
- other machines
- outfacing machine
- outmoded machine
- out-of-alignment machine
- overdesigned machine
- overhead gantry machine
- overhead grinding machine
- overhead recessing machine
- overhead traveling drilling machine
- overwrapping machine
- own-use machine
- oxyacetylene-cutting machine
- oxyfuel burn machine
- packaging machine
- pack-checking machine
- packing machine
- paddle blade-type mixing machine
- paint machine
- pallet pool machine
- pallet shuttle machine
- pallet transfer machine
- pallet-change machine
- palletized machine
- pallet-loading machine
- pallet-type transfer machine
- pantograph-engraving machine
- pantographic engraving machine
- pantograph-type milling machine
- paper-cutting machine
- parting machine
- part-transfer vertical broaching machine
- pattern draw machine
- pattern milling machine
- pattern-controlled machine
- pattern-tracing machine
- PCB machine
- PCB-drilling machine
- PC-equipped machine
- PC-governed machine
- pedal-operated welding machine
- pedal-triggered machine
- pedestal spot-welding machine
- pedestal-drilling machine
- pedestal-grinding machine
- peeling machine
- peening machine
- pendant controlled machine
- pendulum impact testing machine
- percussion-welding machine
- perforating machine
- periodic machine
- physico-chemical machine
- pick-and-place machine
- pickling machine
- piercing machine
- pig casting machine
- pillar-drilling machine
- pilot machine
- pincer spot-welding machine
- pinion-generating machine
- pin-lift molding machine
- pin-making machine
- pin-on-disk wear test machine
- pipe cut-off machine
- pipe-bending machine
- pipe-beveling machine
- pipe-beveling/cutting machine
- pipe-chamfering machine
- pipe-cropping machine
- pipe-crushing machine
- pipe-cutting machine
- pipe-expanding machine
- pipe-facing machine
- pipe-flanging machine
- pipe-flaring machine
- pipe-swabbing machine
- pipe-testing machine
- pipe-threading machine
- pipe-welding machine
- piston contouring machine
- piston ring grinding machine
- piston-turning machine
- pit planing machine
- pit-based broaching machine
- pit-type planing machine
- pivot-head machine
- placing machine
- plain grinding machine
- plain horizontal knee-type milling machine
- plain-way machine
- planer-type boring machine
- planer-type machine
- planer-type milling machine
- planer-type surface grinding machine
- planetary grinding machine
- planetary milling machine
- planetary-type thread milling machine
- planing machine
- planing-and-milling machine
- planomilling machine
- plano-type boring-and-milling machine
- plano-type surface grinding machine
- plasma arc machine
- plasma-cutting machine
- plastics extrusion machine
- plate-bending machine
- plate-cutting machine
- plate-edge beveling machine
- plate-edge planing machine
- plate-fabricating machine
- plate-flanging machine
- plate-flattening machine
- plate-leveling machine
- platen TL machine
- platen-tooled machine
- plate-punching machine
- plate-shearing machine
- plate-straightening machine
- plate-working machine
- platform weighing machine
- plating machine
- plier spot-welding machine
- plugboard/capstan machine
- plugboard-control machine
- plugboard-controlled machine
- plug-ramming machine
- plunge-grinding machine
- plunger core machine
- plunger-type pickling machine
- pneumatic hand machine
- pneumatic machine
- pneumatic molding machine
- pointing machine
- pointing rolling machine
- point-to-point NC machine
- polishing machine
- polygonal turning machine
- polyvalent machine
- portable facing machine
- portable machine
- portable milling machine
- portable valve grinding machine
- portal cutting machine
- portal machine
- portal-frame machine
- portal-type machine
- portal-type plano-milling machine with variable height cross rail
- position control machine
- positive-displacement hydraulic machine
- positive-displacement pneumatic machine
- pot-broach vertical broaching machine
- pot-broaching machine
- powder metal compacting machine
- power machine
- power-driven machine
- power-operated molding machine
- precision boring machine
- precision-controlled machine
- precision-drawing machine
- preparatory NC machine
- preset machine
- presetting machine
- press-molding machine
- press-type machine
- pressure die-casting machine
- press-welding machine
- primary turning machine
- printing machine
- prior art machine
- prior art-type machine
- prismatic coordinate inspection machine
- prismatic machine
- prismatic-type indexing machine
- process machines
- processing machine
- process-specialized machine
- production machine
- product-oriented machine
- profile measurement machine
- profile-cutting machine
- profile-grinding machine
- profile-iron bending machine
- profile-milling machine
- profiler machine
- profiling machine
- profiling milling machine
- program sequence controlled machine
- programmable machine
- programmable-controlled machine
- progressive broach machine
- projection form grinding machine
- projection welding machine
- prototype machine
- proving machine
- pull test machine
- pull-broaching machine
- pull-down broaching machine
- pulling-in machine
- pull-type broaching machine
- pull-type machine
- pull-up broaching machine
- punch machine
- punching and shearing machine
- punching machine
- purpose-built machine
- purpose-designed machine
- push-broaching machine
- push-cut shaping machine
- push-down broaching machine
- push-pull fatigue-testing machine
- push-up broaching machine
- qualifying machine
- quenching machine
- rack milling machine
- rack-and-pinion machine
- rack-and-pinion-operated machine
- radial arm-drilling machine
- radial arm-sawing machine
- radial articulated-arm cutting machine
- radial drilling machine
- radial-and-pillar drilling machine
- radiusing machine
- rail end milling machine
- rail-bending machine
- rail-cambering machine
- rail-drilling machine
- rail-straightening machine
- railway axle grinding machine
- ram impact machine
- ram milling machine
- ram-boring machine
- ram-head milling machine
- ramming molding machine
- ram-type boring and horizontal milling machine
- ram-type EDM machine
- ram-type milling machine
- ram-type tooling machine
- ratio cutting machine
- raw component measuring machine
- reading machine
- reaming machine
- reaming-and-facing machine
- recessing machine
- reciprocating cutoff machine
- reciprocating grinding machine
- reciprocating machine
- reciprocating-die machine
- reciprocating-table surface grinding machine
- recognizing machine
- recoiling machine
- rectifier-type welding machine
- redesigned machine
- reference machine
- refrigerating machine
- regrinding machine
- reinforcing bar bending machine
- reinforcing rod cropping machine
- relieving machine
- remote-control machine
- remote-controlled machine
- renewed machine
- repetitive milling machine
- replaceable gang head machine
- replacement machine
- reproducing pattern milling machine
- research-oriented machine
- resistance welding machine
- resonance-balancing machine
- resonant vibration machine
- resurfacing machine
- retapping machine
- reverse torsion fatigue testing machine
- reverse torsion machine
- rewinding machine
- rifling machine
- rigid production machine
- rigid-bed milling machine
- rigid-capable machine
- rise and fall tank machine
- rising blade machine
- rising table broaching machine
- rivet machine
- riveting machine
- robot machine
- robot-assisted machine
- robot-controlled machine
- robot-fed machine
- robotic machine
- robotically-fed machine
- robot-loaded machine
- robot-operated machine
- rock-crushing machine
- rocker-arm spot-welding machine
- rocker-type pickling machine
- Rockwell hardness machine
- Rockwell hardness-testing machine
- roll machine
- roll sheet bending machine
- roll-bending machine
- roll-end milling machine
- roller finishing machine
- roller profiling machine
- roller section-machinestraightening machine
- roller shape-machinestraightening machine
- roller spot-and-seam welding machine
- roller straightening machine
- roller-stretcher machine
- roll-fluting machine
- roll-forging machine
- roll-forming machine
- roll-grinding machine
- rolling dividing machine
- rolling machine
- rolling-and-bending machine
- rolling-on machine
- rolling-quench machine
- roll-over molding machine
- roll-over pattern-draw machine
- roll-seam welding machine
- roll-straightening machine
- roll-threading machine
- roll-turning machine
- rotary assembly machine
- rotary broaching machine
- rotary compression-type machine
- rotary continuous drum-type milling machine
- rotary continuous milling machine
- rotary dial machine
- rotary dial-index machine
- rotary disk filing machine
- rotary drum broaching machine
- rotary drum fixture milling machine
- rotary flame planing machine
- rotary head machine
- rotary indexing drum machine
- rotary indexing machine
- rotary indexing pallet machine
- rotary indexing table machine
- rotary knife cutting machine
- rotary machine
- rotary milling machine with horizontal workholder
- rotary pallet machine
- rotary planetary machine
- rotary planetary-die machine
- rotary stamping machine
- rotary surface grinding machine
- rotary table machine
- rotary tooled machine
- rotary transfer machine
- rotary welding machine
- rotary-drive machine
- rotary-driven machine
- rotary-table broaching machine
- rotary-table index machine
- rotary-table indexing machine
- rotary-table milling machine
- rotary-table surface grinding machine
- rotary-table transfer machine
- rotary-type milling machine
- rotating machine
- rotating-beam fatigue machine
- rotating-beam fatigue testing machine
- rotation machine
- rotor milling machine
- rotor slot milling machine
- rough boring machine
- rough facing machine
- rough grinding machine
- rough milling machine
- rough turning machine
- roughing machine
- round column drilling machine
- rounding machine
- roundness measuring machine
- routing milling machine
- RP machine
- rundown machine
- running balance indicating machine
- S/R machine
- saddle-type machine
- sample preparation machine
- sampling machine
- sandblast cleaning machine
- sandblast machine with stationary nozzle
- sandblast machine
- sandblast sprocket-table machine
- sand-throwing machine
- saw machine
- saw-brazing machine
- saw-cutting machine
- saw-grinding machine
- sawing machine
- saw-setting machine
- saw-sharpening machine
- saw-toothing machine
- scalping machine
- scissors-type horizontal band machine
- scissors-type horizontal machine
- scrap shearing machine
- scraping machine
- scratchbrush machine
- screening machine
- screw machine
- screw thread grinding machine
- screw thread milling machine
- screw thread rolling machine
- screw thread whirling machine
- screw-cutting machine
- screw-driving machine
- screw-head slotting machine
- screwing machine
- screw-nicking machine
- screw-shaving machine
- scribing machine
- scrubbing machine
- scrubbing-and-drying machine
- sculpturing machine
- seam-welding machine
- secondary machine
- second-operation machine
- section bending machine
- section shearing machine
- section-iron bending machine
- section-iron shearing machine
- section-straightening machine
- section-stretching machine
- segmented transfer machine
- self-controlling machine
- self-correcting machine
- semiautomatic arc welding machine
- semiautomatic gas-cutting machine
- semiautomatic grinding machine
- semiautomatic machine
- semiautomatic welding machine
- semiproduction machine
- sensitive drilling machine
- sensitive tapping machine
- separately excited machine
- sequence-controlled machine
- sequential transfer machines
- series-produced machines
- servo indexer machine
- servo slide machine
- sets-of-parts operated machine
- shaft machine
- shape-cutting machine
- shaper machine
- shape-straightening machine
- shaping machine
- sharpening machine
- shaving cutter grinding machine
- shear machine
- shearing machine
- shear-speed machine
- sheet and plate bending machine
- sheet bending machine
- sheet metal bending machine
- sheet metal cutting machine
- sheet metal folding machine
- sheet metal leveling machine
- sheet metal shearing machine
- sheet metal stamping machine
- sheet metal working machine
- sheet straightening and polishing machine
- sheet working machine
- sheet-leveling machine
- sheet-straightening machine
- shell core blowing machine
- shell molding machine
- ship propeller milling machine
- shock-and-vibration machine
- shockless jolting machine
- shopfloor machine
- shopworn machine
- show machine
- shredding machine for wood wool production
- shredding machine
- side hole drilling machine
- side-milling machine
- side-planing machine
- sieving machine
- simple-to-operate automatic machine
- simple-to-operate machine
- simplex milling machine
- simplex multiple-spindle machine
- simulation machine
- simultaneous 5-axis machine
- single wheel lapping machine
- single-address machine
- single-axis machine
- single-blade sawing machine
- single-end boring machine
- single-end centering and end-facing machine
- single-end machine
- single-end tenoning machine
- single-ended boring machine
- single-ended machine
- single-function machine
- single-gantry machine
- single-head machine
- single-hitb machine
- single-operation transfer machine
- single-piece machine
- single-point cutting-off machine
- single-position metal forming machine
- single-purpose machine
- single-shift machine
- single-shifted machine
- single-slide bed-type machine
- single-spindle machine
- single-station machine
- single-task machine
- single-upright machine
- singlex machine
- sinking machine
- six-axis NC machine
- sizing machine
- skin-milling machine
- skiving machine
- slabbing machine
- slab-milling machine
- slant-carriage machine
- slant-slide machine
- slave machine
- slicing machine
- slideway-grinding machine
- sliding bush machine
- sliding head machine
- sliding head milling machine
- sliding head/fixed spindle machine
- sliding headstock bar machine
- sliding headstock machine
- slinger molding machine
- slitting machine
- slot and keyway milling machine
- slot-drilling machine
- slot-milling machine
- slotting machine
- small capacity machine
- small-chuck machine
- small-envelope machine
- small-footprint machine
- small-parts machine
- smooth planing machine
- snagging grinding machine
- soft bearing balancing machine
- software-controlled machine
- software-oriented machine
- soldering machine
- solid bed-type milling machine
- sorting machine
- spar milling machine
- spark erosion machine
- spark machine
- special design machine
- special unit machine
- special way-type machine
- specialist machine
- specialized machine
- special-purpose machine
- specialty machine
- speed reduction machine
- spherical grinding machine
- spindle turning machine
- spinning machine
- spiral drive planing machine
- spline cold rolling machine
- spline shaft grinding machine
- spline shaft hobbing machine
- spline-broaching machine
- spline-grinding machine
- spline-hobbing machine
- spline-milling machine
- splining machine
- spring end grinding machine
- spring forming machine
- spring manufacturing machine
- spring testing machine
- spring-coiling machine
- spring-making machine
- spring-winding machine
- spur-and-helical grinding machine
- square milling machine
- squeeze core-making machine
- squeeze molding machine
- squeezing machine
- squirrel cage balancing machine
- SR machine
- stack-routing machine
- stamping machine
- standalone machine
- standard configuration machine
- standard design machine
- standard machine
- standard-unit-type machine
- static balancing machine
- station-type machine
- storage retrieval machine
- straight line milling machine
- straightening machine
- strength testing machine
- stress-relieving machine
- stress-rupture testing machine
- stretch straightening machine
- strip leveling machine
- stud thread rolling machine
- studding machine
- subspindle turning machine
- subspindle-equipped turning machine
- subspindle-type machine
- super-accurate machine
- supercharged laser cutting machine
- superfinishing machine for centerless plunge-cut
- superfinishing machine for centerless throughfeed
- superfinishing machine
- surface and profile grinding machine
- surface-broaching machine
- surface-grinding machine with long table
- surface-grinding machine with two columns
- surface-grinding machine
- surface-milling machine
- surface-treatment machine
- swage machine
- swaging machine
- swing frame grinding machine
- Swiss bar machine
- Swiss screw machine
- Swiss sliding headstock machine
- Swiss-style sliding-headstock machine
- Swiss-style sliding-headstock-type machine
- Swiss-type cam automatic screw machine
- Swiss-type machine
- Swiss-type movable headstock automatic screw machine
- Swiss-type stationary headstock automatic screw machine
- swivel head milling machine
- swivel head slotting machine
- synchronous transfer machine
- synchronous-feed machine
- system machine
- system-ready machine
- systems-compatible machine
- tabletop machine
- table-type machine
- table-uo broaching machine
- tabulating machine
- tailored machine
- tandem table machine
- tap flute milling machine
- tap fluting machine
- tap-drill machine
- tape finishing machine
- tape machine
- tape preparation machine
- tape-controlled machine
- tape-handling machine
- taper strip milling machine
- tap-grinding machine
- tapping machine
- tap-sharpening machine
- targeted machine
- teaching machine
- TEM machine
- template-controlled machine
- tenoning machine
- tensile strength testing machine
- tensile testing machine
- tension testing machine
- test machine
- test sieving machine
- testing machine
- texturing machine
- thermal cutting machine
- thermal deburrting machine
- thermally symmetric machine
- thermally symmetrical machine
- thermoelectric machine
- thread chaser grinding machine
- thread-cutting machine
- threaded wheel grinding machine
- thread-generating machine
- thread-grinding machine
- threading machine
- thread-milling machine
- thread-producing machine
- thread-rolling machine with roller and segmented die
- thread-rolling machine
- thread-tapping machine
- thread-turning machine
- thread-whirling machine
- three-axis checking machine
- three-axis digital read-out inspection machine
- three-axis NC machine
- three-axis-controlled machine
- three-dimensional forming machine
- three-dimensional NC machine
- three-dimensional profiling machine
- three-roll bending machine
- three-roll forming machine
- three-roll sheet bending machine
- three-shift machine
- three-shifted machine
- three-way machine
- tiering machine
- tilt frame machine
- tilting body slotting machine
- tilting column machine
- tilting spindle grinding machine
- tilting spindle machine
- time-tested machine
- TL machine
- TNC-milling machine
- tool and diemaker's milling machine
- tool changer machine
- tool presetting and inspection machine
- tool presetting machine
- tool-and-cutter grinding machine
- tool-grinding machine
- toolroom machine
- toolroom-milling machine
- tool-setting machine
- tooth generating machine
- tooth rounding-and-chamfering machine
- top-of-the-line machine
- torsion testing machine
- totally automated machine
- totally enclosed machine
- touch-trigger machine
- T-planer type machine
- tracer controlled machine
- tracer milling machine
- tracer-controlled electrical discharge profiling machine
- tracer-controlled milling machine
- tracer-guided machine
- tracer-guided milling machine
- tracing machine
- transfer-line-ready machine
- transfer-segmented machine
- transfer-type machine
- transport machine
- transverse planing machine
- traveling bar-type boring machine
- traveling bridge-type plano-milling machine
- traveling column machine
- traveling column-type machine
- traveling gantry machine
- traveling head shaping machine
- traveling portal milling machine
- traveling table machine
- traveling table-type machine
- traveling wire electrical discharge machine
- traveling-head boring machine
- traveling-head surface grinding machine
- traverse grinding machine
- traversing head shaping machine
- trimming machine
- trip dog-controlled machine
- triplex milling machine
- trunnion machine
- trunnion-style machine
- trunnion-type machine
- T-slot milling machine
- tube cutoff machine
- tube grinding-and-polishing machine
- tube-bending machine
- tube-boring machine
- tube-chamfering machine
- tube-drawing machine
- tube-enlarging machine
- tube-forming machine
- tube-sawing machine
- tube-straightening machine
- tube-welding machine
- tumbling machine
- turbine shot-blasting machine
- turbine slot milling machine
- turn/mill machine
- turn, bore and cut-off machine
- turn-broaching machine
- turning machine
- turning, milling and boring machine
- turning-and-boring machine
- turn-mill machine
- turn-peeling machine
- turret hole punching machine
- turret machine
- turret press machine
- turret ram milling machine
- turret screw machine
- turret-chucking machine
- turret-drilling machine
- turret-milling machine
- turret-punching machine
- turret-type drilling machine
- twin pallet machine
- twin screw knee-type machine
- twin six-station turret machine
- twin-head machine
- twin-head shaping machine
- twin-opposed spindle turning machine
- twin-overarm milling machine
- twin-spindle machine
- twin-turret machine
- twist drill flute grinding machine
- twist drill fluting machine
- twist drill grinding machine
- twist drill milling machine
- twist drill point grinding machine
- twist test machine
- two-address machine
- two-axis NC machine
- two-axis-controlled machine
- two-dimensional engraving machine
- two-plane balancing machine
- two-roll sheet bending machine
- two-shift machine
- two-shifted machine
- two-tool machine
- two-way broaching machine
- two-way drilling machine
- two-way machine
- tybe-reducing machine
- typical machine
- ultra precision machine
- ultra-high precision machine
- ultra-high speed machine
- ultrasonic cleaning and degreasing machine
- ultrasonic cleaning machine
- ultrasonic copy-piercing machine
- ultrasonic drilling machine
- ultrasonic hole-contouring machine
- undedicated machine
- underdesigned machine
- underutilized machine
- unit construction machine
- unit-built machine
- unit-changeable machine
- unit-type machine
- universal boring machine
- universal cutter and tool grinding machine
- universal head milling machine
- universal horizontal milling machine
- universal knee-type milling machine
- universal milling machine
- universal rotaty table grinding machine
- universal table grinding machine
- universal testing machine
- universal tool and die milling machine
- universal tool milling and boring machine
- universal toolroom milling machine
- universal-spindle machine
- unmanned machine
- unmanned measuring machine
- unmanned turning machine
- upgradable machine
- uprated machine
- upright boring machine
- upright drilling machine
- upright drilling-and-boring machine
- upsetting machine
- used machine
- user-friendly machine
- utrasonic lapping machine
- valve seat lapping machine
- valve seat milling machine
- vehicle-mounted machine
- vending machine
- veneer slicing machine
- versatile machine
- vertical arm measuring machine
- vertical band machine
- vertical band-saw machine
- vertical band-sawing machine
- vertical bed machine
- vertical boring machine
- vertical broaching machine
- vertical chucking machine
- vertical double-ram broaching machine
- vertical double-slide broaching machine
- vertical drilling machine
- vertical machine
- vertical milling machine
- vertical planing machine
- vertical plano-milling machine
- vertical pull-up broaching machine
- vertical push-broaching machine
- vertical ram machine
- vertical slotting machine
- vertical spindle surface-grinding machine
- vertical turning machine
- vertical turning-and-boring machine
- vertical/horizontal machine
- vertically oriented drilling machine
- vertical-type machine
- vibration fatigue testing machine
- vibration machine
- vibratory finishing machine
- vibrofinishing machine
- Vickers hardness machine
- Vickers pyramid hardness machine
- vision-controlled machine
- volume production machine
- walking machine
- wall machine
- washing drying machine
- washing machine
- watch-case making machine
- watch-gear hobbing machine
- watch-gear making machine
- water jet cutting machine
- water-jet machine
- way-type machine
- way-type unit head machine
- weathering machine
- weighing machine
- welding machine
- well-developed machine
- wet-cutting machine
- wet-grinding machine
- wheel turning machine
- whirling machine
- wide belt sending machine
- wire bonding machine
- wire brush deburring machine
- wire coiling and winding machine
- wire cutting-off machine
- wire drawing machine
- wire EDM machine
- wire erosion machine
- wire netting and weaving machine
- wire-cut EDM machine
- wire-cut electrical discharge machine
- wire-cut machine
- wire-cutting machine
- wire-cutting spark erosion machine
- wire-eroding machine
- wire-forming machine
- wire-making machine
- wire-polishing machine
- wire-straightening machine
- woodsawing machine
- woodworking machine
- workpiece moving-type machine
- worm grinding machine
- worm milling machine
- wrist-pin boring machine
- xerox machine
- X-ray machineEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > machine
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27 unit
1) сборочная единица; узел; блок2) установка; агрегат3) единица, единица измерения || единичный; удельный4) часть; секция || секционный•as a unit — 1) в сборе 2) как единая сборочная единица; как единый узел
unit under test — 1) объект контроля 2) объект диагностирования, объект технического диагностирования
- AC unit- actuating unit
- adapter plate unit
- adaptive control unit
- address and data interface unit
- address unit
- adjusting unit
- air-aspirating unit
- answer-back unit
- arithmetic unit
- arithmetic/logic unit
- arithmetical unit
- ASC unit
- assembly unit of N-order
- assembly unit
- audio response unit
- autoloading unit
- automatic calling unit
- auxiliary data translator unit
- availability control unit
- axis unit
- axis-processing unit
- balancer unit
- banking unit
- bar feed unit
- base assembly unit
- base unit
- basic information unit
- basic length unit
- basic logic unit
- batch control unit
- bearing unit
- behind-the-tape reader unit
- belt shuttle unit
- belt-driven shuttle unit
- bench-testing unit
- blemished unit
- bolt-on unit
- booster unit
- boring spindle unit
- boring unit
- boring-and-milling unit
- brake unit
- broach retriever unit
- broach-handling unit
- broken tool sensing unit
- buffer unit
- building-block machining unit
- bulk transfer unit
- business unit
- card punching unit
- carousel loading unit
- carousel unit
- carrier unit
- cartridge unit
- cellular unit
- center unit for machine frame
- central processing unit
- central processor unit
- chain storage unit
- changer unit
- changing unit
- check unit
- chiller unit
- chip disposal unit
- clamping unit
- claw unit
- CNC machining unit
- CNC standard unit
- CNC unit
- coating application unit
- coating removal unit
- coherent unit
- column unit
- combination valve unit
- command unit
- communications central processing unit
- complementary unit
- computerized numerical control unit
- condensing unit
- cone variable-speed friction drive unit
- console unit
- constant coefficient unit
- constant delay unit
- construction unit
- control unit
- controlling unit
- conveying unit
- conveyor unit
- coolant management unit
- coolant recovery unit
- coolant unit
- cooler unit
- cooling unit
- coordinate preprogramming unit
- copying unit
- correction unit
- cover unit
- CPC handling unit
- cross tapping unit
- cross-slide unit
- cutoff unit
- cutting unit
- D unit
- damping unit
- data preparation unit
- data transmission control unit
- deep hole boring unit
- delay unit
- derived unit
- detecting unit
- detection unit
- developing unit
- digital display unit
- digital readout unit
- digital unit
- dimension readout unit
- diode array unit
- disk-type variable-speed friction drive unit
- displacement unit
- display unit
- distance-keeping unit
- double-acting unit
- double-notching unit
- double-pump and combination unit
- double-pump unit
- double-reduction gear unit
- double-reduction right-angle reduction gear unit
- double-reduction twin gear unit
- double-reduction twin unit
- double-reduction wormgear unit
- double-spindle unit
- down-hole internal deburrer unit
- dresser unit
- dressing unit
- drill unit
- drilling and milling unit
- drilling spindle unit
- drilling unit
- drilling/tapping unit
- drive unit
- drive/feed unit
- DRO unit
- dual work pallet shuttle unit
- dual-head laser beam unit
- dust-collecting unit
- dust-removing unit
- dynamic unit
- EDM unit
- electrical machining units
- electromagnetic unit
- electron-beam unit
- entry level dedicated unit
- environmental compensation unit
- exchanger unit
- fabricated unit
- facing unit
- fan coil unit
- feed box unit
- feed change unit
- feed drive cartridge unit
- feed unit
- feedback unit
- feed-in boring unit
- feed-out boring unit
- fetch-and-carry unit
- filtration unit
- fine boring unit
- flexible spindle units
- flexible tray unit
- floor unit
- focusing unit
- free-standing unit
- free-wheel unit
- free-wheeling unit
- frontal variable-speed friction drive unit
- functional unit
- fundamental unit
- gage control unit
- gage indicating unit
- gage unit
- gaging unit
- gas turbine starter auxiliary power unit
- gear unit
- gearbox unit
- gear-reversing unit
- grasping unit
- grinding spindle unit
- gripper unit
- guide unit
- handling unit
- hardware/software add-on unit
- harmonic drive unit
- head unit
- headstock-type workpiece holding unit
- hoisting unit
- horizontal power unit
- horizontal way unit
- hydraulic clamping unit
- hydraulic feed unit
- hydraulic power unit
- hydraulic testing unit
- hydraulic unit
- hydrostatic bearing unit
- ICAM manufacturing unit
- ICAM unit
- icon-driven control unit
- indexer/fourth axis unit
- indexing head unit
- indexing platen unit
- indexing table unit
- indexing unit
- in-die tapping unit
- information retrieval unit
- information unit
- input batch control unit
- input unit
- input-output unit
- in-system unit
- integral unit
- interface unit
- intermediate storage unit
- interpolating unit
- inverting unit
- keyboard unit
- knee-type unit
- lapping and superfinishing unit
- laser beam composition unit
- laser beam unit
- laser processing unit
- laser unit
- laser-calibration unit
- laser-source unit
- lead screw tap unit
- lexical unit
- lift unit
- lift-and-carry unit
- light unit
- linear ball bearing unit
- linear drive unit
- linear screw unit
- linear slide roller bearing unit
- linear unit
- live storage unit
- load/unload unit
- loading unit
- loading-and-unloading unit
- logic unit
- logical unit
- lubricating pump unit
- machine control unit
- machine tool control unit
- machine tooling unit
- machine unit
- machine-dedicated unit
- machining center unit
- machining head unit
- machining unit
- magnetic pickup unit
- magnetic tape unit
- manned flexible unit
- marking unit
- master unit
- material-handling unit
- MDI unit
- measurement unit
- measuring unit
- memory unit
- message display unit
- microdispensing unit
- microprocessor correction unit
- microprocessor NC unit
- microprocessor unit
- microprocessor-based unit
- microprocessor-type NC unit
- middle-level 3-D representation unit
- milling spindle unit
- minicomputer control unit
- miniload AS/RS unit
- mist coolant unit
- miter saw unit
- mobile unit
- mobile work storage unit
- modular cell unit
- modular loading unit
- modular unit
- motor unit
- motor-reduction unit
- multichannel analyzer unit
- multidrill unit
- multiple screw-driving unit
- multiple-power path gear unit
- multiple-reduction gear unit
- multiple-reduction unit
- multiple-spindle torque unit
- multipurpose machining unit
- multispindle boring unit
- multitap unit
- NC data creation unit
- NC unit
- nested gear unit
- notching unit
- nutating unit
- off-machine unit
- off-system unit
- oil coalescer unit
- oil-filled feed unit
- one stage gear unit
- one stage unit
- on-machine unit
- operation unit
- operational unit
- operator-friendly program unit
- orientation transfer unit
- output batch control unit
- output unit
- overhead gantry unit
- overhead spindle unit
- pack unit
- pallet change unit
- pallet exchange unit
- pallet shuttle unit
- pallet-pool unit
- parallel-shaft reduction gear unit
- PC expansion board unit
- PC-based CAD unit
- pendant control unit
- pendant pushbutton control unit
- pendant unit
- peripheral control unit
- peripheral processing unit
- photo-eye tracing unit
- pick-and-place unit
- pickup unit
- piece-holding unit
- pilot unit
- placement unit
- planetary gear unit
- planetary reduction gearing unit
- plant unit
- plasma-arc unit
- plasmarc unit
- platen unit
- PLC unit
- plugboard input unit
- plugboard unit
- plug-in unit
- pneumatic unit
- portable unit
- power feed unit
- power supply unit
- power train unit
- power unit
- power-generating unit
- power-tooling unit
- practical correction unit
- practical unit
- presetting unit
- pressurized air bearing unit
- primary storage unit
- probe unit
- processing unit
- production unit
- program unit
- programming unit
- propulsion unit
- pulling unit
- pump unit
- pumping unit
- pump-motor unit
- quill feed cam unit
- quill spindle unit
- quill unit
- raster unit
- readout unit
- reducing unit
- reduction gear unit
- reduction gearing unit
- reduction unit
- reed make contact unit
- regulating unit
- remote display unit
- replacement unit
- retriever unit
- right-angle milling unit
- right-angled milling unit
- robot power unit
- robot unit
- robot-transfer unit
- roller bearing unit
- roller unit
- roller-marking unit
- rotary unit
- rotating seal unit
- S unit
- scanning unit
- scheduling unit
- screen projection unit
- screwing unit
- sealed reed contact unit
- self-contained NC unit
- self-contained unit
- sensing unit
- sensor unit
- servo unit
- shankless boring unit
- sheet metal stamping automatic unit
- shop replaceable unit
- shuttle unit
- shuttle-and-lift unit
- side unit
- single-acting unit
- single-light unit
- single-reduction gear unit
- single-reduction unit
- sizing unit
- slant bed unit
- slave unit
- slide unit
- sliding table unit
- smallest replaceable unit
- spare unit
- speeder unit
- speed-increase unit
- speed-up spindle unit
- speed-up unit
- spindle box unit
- spindle cartridge unit
- spindle drive unit
- spindle unit
- stabilizing unit
- stand-alone unit
- standard build units
- starter auxiliary power unit
- static tooling unit
- steam generating unit
- stock feed unit
- storage unit
- stylus unit
- sub-multiple unit
- swing arm-mounted control unit
- tangent unit
- tapping unit
- teach control unit
- terminal control unit
- test unit
- testing unit
- thermal detecting unit
- tilting unit
- tolerance unit
- tool storage unit
- tool-presetting unit
- tool-spindle unit
- toroidal variable-speed friction drive unit
- track and store unit
- transfer unit
- transmission control unit
- transmission unit
- transmitter/receiver unit
- transport unit
- triple-reduction gear unit
- triple-reduction unit
- tuning unit
- turnaround unit
- turning spindle unit
- turnround unit
- turret unit
- twin gear unit
- twin saw unit
- twin-drive unit
- twin-screen unit
- unit of displacement
- unit of measure
- unit of measurement
- unit of physical quantity
- unit of product
- unit of work per unit of time
- unmanned machining unit
- vacuum unit
- variable coefficient unit
- variable delay unit
- variable preload bearing unit
- variable ratio unit
- variable speed unit
- variable-speed friction drive unit
- V-axis grinding unit
- V-belt variable-speed drive unit
- V-drive unit
- vertical way unit
- vibratory feed unit
- vise unit
- visual display unit
- vocal output unit
- VTL unit
- waveform gear reduction unit
- wheel-dressing unit
- wheel-head unit
- wing unit
- wing-base unit
- work storage unit
- work-holding headstock unit
- workshop video unit
- work-testing unit
- worm reduction unit
- writing unit
- yet-to-be-assembled unitEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > unit
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28 work
I 1. [wɜːk]1) (physical or mental activity) lavoro m.to be at work on sth. — lavorare a qcs., essere occupato a fare qcs.
to go to o set to o get to work mettersi al lavoro; to set to work doing mettersi a fare; to put a lot of work into dedicare molto impegno a [essay, meal, preparations]; to put o set sb. to work mettere qcn. al lavoro, fare lavorare qcn.; we put him to work doing l'abbiamo messo a fare; it was hard work doing è stato difficile o è stata una fatica fare; to be hard at work lavorare sodo, darci dentro col lavoro; your essay needs more work il tuo compito ha bisogno di altro lavoro; to make short o light work of sth. liquidare o sbrigare qcs. velocemente; to make short work of sb. liquidare qcn. o levarsi qcn. di torno rapidamente; it's all in a day's work è roba d'ordinaria amministrazione, fa parte del lavoro; it's hot, thirsty work — fa venire caldo, sete
2) (occupation) lavoro m., occupazione f., mestiere m.to be in work — avere un lavoro o un'occupazione
to be off work — (on vacation) essere in ferie, in permesso
to be off work with flu — essere a casa con l'influenza, essere assente a causa dell'influenza
to be out of work — essere disoccupato o senza lavoro
3) (place of employment) lavoro m.to go to work — andare al lavoro o a lavorare
4) (building, construction) lavori m.pl. (on a)5) (papers)to take one's work home — portarsi il lavoro a casa; fig. portarsi il lavoro, i problemi del lavoro a casa
6) (achievement, product) (essay, report) lavoro m.; (artwork, novel, sculpture) lavoro m., opera f. (by di); (study) lavoro m., studio m. (by di; on su); (research) lavoro m., ricerche f.pl. (on su)is this all your own work? — è tutta opera tua? (more informal) l'hai fatto tu?
7) (effect)2.to go to work — [drug, detergent] agire
1) (factory) fabbrica f.sing., officina f.sing.2) (building work) lavori m.3) colloq. (everything)3. II 1. [wɜːk]1) (drive)to work sb. hard — fare lavorare sodo o fare sgobbare qcn
2) (labour)to work days, nights — lavorare di giorno, di notte
3) (operate) fare funzionare, azionare [computer, equipment]4) (exploit commercially) sfruttare [land, mine]5) (have as one's territory) [ representative] coprire, fare [ region]6) (consume)to work one's way through — consumare [amount, quantity]
I've worked things so that... — ho sistemato le cose in modo che
9) (fashion) lavorare [clay, metal]10) (embroider) ricamare [ design] ( into su)11) (manoeuvre)to work sth. into — infilare qcs. in [slot, hole]
12) (exercise) fare lavorare [ muscles]13) (move)to work one's way through — aprirsi un passaggio tra, farsi largo tra [ crowd]
to work one's way along — avanzare lungo [ ledge]
2.it worked its way loose it worked itself loose si è allentato (poco a poco); to work its way into — passare, entrare in [bloodstream, system]
1) (engage in activity) lavorareto work at the hospital — lavorare in o all'ospedale
to work in oils — [ artist] dipingere a olio
to work towards — adoperarsi per, lavorare per raggiungere [solution, compromise]
2) (function) funzionareto work on electricity — funzionare o andare a corrente elettrica
3) (act, operate)it doesn't o things don't work like that le cose non funzionano così; to work in sb.'s favour to work to sb.'s advantage giocare, tornare a vantaggio di qcn.; to work against sb. to work to sb.'s disadvantage — giocare, tornare a sfavore di qcn
4) (be successful) [ treatment] essere efficace, fare effetto; [detergent, drug] agire, essere efficace; [plan, argument] funzionare3.1) (labour)2) (rouse)to work oneself into a rage — andare in collera, infuriarsi
•- work in- work off- work on- work out- work to- work up••* * *[wə:k] 1. noun1) (effort made in order to achieve or make something: He has done a lot of work on this project) lavoro2) (employment: I cannot find work in this town.) lavoro3) (a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on: Please clear your work off the table.) lavoro4) (a painting, book, piece of music etc: the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/Mozart; This work was composed in 1816.) opera5) (the product or result of a person's labours: His work has shown a great improvement lately.) lavoro6) (one's place of employment: He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m.; I don't think I'll go to work tomorrow.) lavoro2. verb1) (to (cause to) make efforts in order to achieve or make something: She works at the factory three days a week; He works his employees very hard; I've been working on/at a new project.) lavorare, far lavorare2) (to be employed: Are you working just now?) lavorare3) (to (cause to) operate (in the correct way): He has no idea how that machine works / how to work that machine; That machine doesn't/won't work, but this one's working.) funzionare, far funzionare4) (to be practicable and/or successful: If my scheme works, we'll be rich!) funzionare5) (to make (one's way) slowly and carefully with effort or difficulty: She worked her way up the rock face.) avanzare faticosamente6) (to get into, or put into, a stated condition or position, slowly and gradually: The wheel worked loose.) diventare7) (to make by craftsmanship: The ornaments had been worked in gold.) lavorare•- - work- workable
- worker
- works 3. noun plural1) (the mechanism (of a watch, clock etc): The works are all rusted.)2) (deeds, actions etc: She's devoted her life to good works.) meccanismo•- work-box
- workbook
- workforce
- working class
- working day
- work-day
- working hours
- working-party
- work-party
- working week
- workman
- workmanlike
- workmanship
- workmate
- workout
- workshop
- at work
- get/set to work
- go to work on
- have one's work cut out
- in working order
- out of work
- work of art
- work off
- work out
- work up
- work up to
- work wonders* * *I 1. [wɜːk]1) (physical or mental activity) lavoro m.to be at work on sth. — lavorare a qcs., essere occupato a fare qcs.
to go to o set to o get to work mettersi al lavoro; to set to work doing mettersi a fare; to put a lot of work into dedicare molto impegno a [essay, meal, preparations]; to put o set sb. to work mettere qcn. al lavoro, fare lavorare qcn.; we put him to work doing l'abbiamo messo a fare; it was hard work doing è stato difficile o è stata una fatica fare; to be hard at work lavorare sodo, darci dentro col lavoro; your essay needs more work il tuo compito ha bisogno di altro lavoro; to make short o light work of sth. liquidare o sbrigare qcs. velocemente; to make short work of sb. liquidare qcn. o levarsi qcn. di torno rapidamente; it's all in a day's work è roba d'ordinaria amministrazione, fa parte del lavoro; it's hot, thirsty work — fa venire caldo, sete
2) (occupation) lavoro m., occupazione f., mestiere m.to be in work — avere un lavoro o un'occupazione
to be off work — (on vacation) essere in ferie, in permesso
to be off work with flu — essere a casa con l'influenza, essere assente a causa dell'influenza
to be out of work — essere disoccupato o senza lavoro
3) (place of employment) lavoro m.to go to work — andare al lavoro o a lavorare
4) (building, construction) lavori m.pl. (on a)5) (papers)to take one's work home — portarsi il lavoro a casa; fig. portarsi il lavoro, i problemi del lavoro a casa
6) (achievement, product) (essay, report) lavoro m.; (artwork, novel, sculpture) lavoro m., opera f. (by di); (study) lavoro m., studio m. (by di; on su); (research) lavoro m., ricerche f.pl. (on su)is this all your own work? — è tutta opera tua? (more informal) l'hai fatto tu?
7) (effect)2.to go to work — [drug, detergent] agire
1) (factory) fabbrica f.sing., officina f.sing.2) (building work) lavori m.3) colloq. (everything)3. II 1. [wɜːk]1) (drive)to work sb. hard — fare lavorare sodo o fare sgobbare qcn
2) (labour)to work days, nights — lavorare di giorno, di notte
3) (operate) fare funzionare, azionare [computer, equipment]4) (exploit commercially) sfruttare [land, mine]5) (have as one's territory) [ representative] coprire, fare [ region]6) (consume)to work one's way through — consumare [amount, quantity]
I've worked things so that... — ho sistemato le cose in modo che
9) (fashion) lavorare [clay, metal]10) (embroider) ricamare [ design] ( into su)11) (manoeuvre)to work sth. into — infilare qcs. in [slot, hole]
12) (exercise) fare lavorare [ muscles]13) (move)to work one's way through — aprirsi un passaggio tra, farsi largo tra [ crowd]
to work one's way along — avanzare lungo [ ledge]
2.it worked its way loose it worked itself loose si è allentato (poco a poco); to work its way into — passare, entrare in [bloodstream, system]
1) (engage in activity) lavorareto work at the hospital — lavorare in o all'ospedale
to work in oils — [ artist] dipingere a olio
to work towards — adoperarsi per, lavorare per raggiungere [solution, compromise]
2) (function) funzionareto work on electricity — funzionare o andare a corrente elettrica
3) (act, operate)it doesn't o things don't work like that le cose non funzionano così; to work in sb.'s favour to work to sb.'s advantage giocare, tornare a vantaggio di qcn.; to work against sb. to work to sb.'s disadvantage — giocare, tornare a sfavore di qcn
4) (be successful) [ treatment] essere efficace, fare effetto; [detergent, drug] agire, essere efficace; [plan, argument] funzionare3.1) (labour)2) (rouse)to work oneself into a rage — andare in collera, infuriarsi
•- work in- work off- work on- work out- work to- work up•• -
29 belt
ремень; плоский приводной ремень; лента; лента конвейера; пояс; брекер шины; брекерный пояс; полоса; бандаж; связь; звено; пассик; лента дорожного финишёра; обработка бетонного дорожного покрытия лентой; зона; район; II опоясывать; разг. быстро мчаться- belt anchorage location - belt anchorage point - belt-and-pulley arrangement - belt-and-pulley drive - belt and straight grinder - belt angle - belt brake - belt bucket-elevator - belt carcass - belt carrier - belt catch - belt cement - belt-chain conveyer - belt channel - belt clamp - belt-cleaning device - belt cone - belt-conveyed concrete - belt conveyer - belt-conveyer weigher - belt conveyor - belt creep - belt deflection - belt-down the road - belt dressing - belt-dressing composition - belt drive - belt-drive configuration - belt-driven - belt-driven hammer - belt-driven handpiece - belt-driven machine - belt-driven shuttle - belt-driven shuttle unit - belt-driven spindle - belt-driven wheelhead - belt driving - belt-driving over - belt-driving under - belt-drop hammer - belt-drop stamp - belt duck - belt dynamometer - belt fastener - belt feed - belt filter - belt finisher - belt flapping - belt for windshields - belt fork - belt-fray indicator - belt gear - belt gearing - belt grade - belt grinder - belt grinding - belt-grinding - belt-grinding machine - belt guard - belt-guard grid - belt guide - belt-guide fork - belt hammer - belt head - belt highway - belt hook - belt horsepower - belt idler - belt joint - belt lace - belt lacing - belt line - belt-line highway - belt-line railroad - belt loader - belt-machining apparatus - belt magazine - belt misalignment - belt modulus - belt mounting point - belt of land - belt-on control device - belt-operated - belt performance - belt pitch - belt-pitch line - belt polisher - belt power - belt pretension - belt pull - belt-pulley crown diameter - belt-pulley flywheel - belt punch - belt rail - belt railroad - belt release - belt-release button - belt reverser - belt reversing - belt ring - belt rivet - belt road - belt roller - belt route - belt sag - belt-sag factor - belt sagging - belt sander - belt saw - belt screen - belt screw - belt sheave - belt shifter - belt shifter cam - belt-shifting device - belt-shifting fork - belt-shifting mechanism - belt-shuttle unit - belt sling - belt slip - belt-slip detector - belt slipper - belt-slope tension - belt sorter - belt spindle - belt stacker - belt stress - belt stretcher - belt-stretching roller - belt tautness - belt tension - belt-tension adjuster - belt-tension adjustment - belt-tension lever - belt tensioner - belt tensioning - belt-tensioning bolt - belt test - belt tightener - belt-tightening pulley - belt track - belt transmission - belt transporter - belt tripper - belt-turnover system - belt-twist system - belt-type conveyor - belt-type desintegrator - belt-type feeder - belt-type grinder - belt-type levelling device - belt-type toolchanger - belt whipping - belt with half twist - belt with reinforced edge - belt work - active safety belt - armored belt - automatic seat belt control unit - automatic shoulder seat belt control belt - auxiliary drive belt - balance shaft belt kit - balata belt - banded-together belt - bare duck belt - buckle one's belt - buffing belt - camel hair belt - canvas belt - cemented belt - chain belt - channel belt - cleated belt - closed loop belt - coated abrasive belt - cog belt - cogged belt - continuous belt - conveyer belt - conveying belt - conveyor belt - conweigh belt - cord belt - cotton belt - crawler belt - cross belt - crossed belt - cross-stitched belt - discharge belt - double-layer belt - drive belt - driving belt - elevator belt - emery belt - endless belt - endless metal belt - face belt - fan belt - fasten one's belt - feed belt - finishing belt - flat belt - floating belt - flue belt - gate belt - glued belt - green belt - grinding belt - grinding aid belt - gut belt - half-crossed belt - halved belt - hemp belt - high-speed reversing belt - inclined belt - indexing belt - inertia safety belt - inertia seat belt - laced belt - laminated belt - lap belt - layered belts - leather belt - link belt - link leather belt - loosen one's belt - main belt - main driving belts able to transmit any required H.P. - mesh belt - metal belt - mother belt - multiple-V belt - oblique belt - open belt - perforated belt - poly-V belt - power transmission belt - quarter-turn belt - quarter-twist belt - radius belt - raised rib belt - resin-bond cloth belt - return belt - reverse belt - reversible belt - round belt - round driving belt - round-section driving belt - rubber belt - rubber-impregnated belt - safety belt - sand belt - sanding belt - seat belt - seat-integrated seat belt - seed belt - self-retracting seat belt - serpentine belt - sewn belt - shelter belt - shifting belt - shoulder belt - three-point seat belt - single-ply belt - solid woven conveyor belt - split belt - steel belt - steel cord conveyor belt - stepped-ply belt - stitched belt - stretching of a belt - synchronous belt - take up the belt - tapered grinding belt - three-ply belt - throw-off the belt - tighten belt - timing belt - toothed belt - transmission belt - travelling belt - triangular belt - turn belt - two-ply belt - two-point seat belt - undo one's belt - V-belt - V-ribbed belt - V-shaped belt - variable speed belt - variable speed V belt - vee belt - wedge belt - weigh belt - wet grinding belt - wind belt - woven fabric belt -
30 know
1. transitive verb,2) (be able to distinguish)know the difference between right and wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen
he wouldn't know the difference — er wüsste den Unterschied nicht
3) (be aware of) wissen; kennen [Person]I know who she is — ich weiß, wer sie ist
I know for a fact that... — ich weiß ganz bestimmt, dass...
know somebody/something to be... — wissen, dass jemand/etwas... ist
that's/that might be worth knowing — das ist gut/wäre wichtig zu wissen
he doesn't want to know — er will nichts davon wissen od. hören
I know what — ich weiß was (ugs.)
you know something or what? — weißt du was?
you never know — man kann nie wissen (ugs.)
somebody has [never] been known to do something — jemand hat bekanntlich [noch nie] etwas getan
don't I know it! — (coll.) das weiß ich nur zu gut
what do you know [about that]? — (coll.): (that is surprising) was sagst du dazu?
somebody is not to know — (is not to be told) jemand soll nichts wissen (about, of von); (has no way of learning) jemand kann nicht wissen
not know what hit one — (fig.) gar nicht begreifen, was geschehen ist
that's all you know [about it] — das glaubst du vielleicht
know different or otherwise — es besser wissen
know what's what — wissen, wie es in der Welt zugeht
do you know,... — stell dir [mal] vor,...
4) (have understanding of) können [ABC, Einmaleins, Deutsch usw.]; beherrschen [Grundlagen, Regeln]; sich auskennen mit [Gerät, Verfahren, Gesetz]know how to mend fuses — wissen, wie man Sicherungen repariert
5) (be acquainted with) kennenwe have known each other for years — wir kennen uns [schon] seit Jahren
you know what he/it is — (is like) du kennst ihn ja/du weißt ja, wie es ist
6) (have experience of) erleben; erfahren2. nounknow what it is to be hungry — wissen, was es heißt, Hunger zu haben
(coll.)Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/88563/know_about">know about- know of* * *[nəu]past tense - knew; verb1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) wissen2) (to have learned and to remember: He knows a lot of poetry.) kennen3) (to be aware of the identity of; to be friendly with: I know Mrs Smith - she lives near me.) kennen4) (to (be able to) recognize or identify: You would hardly know her now - she has become very thin; He knows a good car when he sees one.) erkennen•- knowing- knowingly
- know-all
- know-how
- in the know
- know backwards
- know better
- know how to
- know the ropes* * *[nəʊ, AM noʊ]<knew, known>1. (have information/knowledge)▪ to \know sth etw wissen; facts, results etw kennenshe \knows all the names of them sie kennt all ihre Namendoes anyone \know the answer? weiß jemand die Antwort?do you \know...? weißt du/wissen Sie...?do you \know the time/where the post office is? können Sie mir bitte sagen, wie spät es ist/wo die Post ist?do you \know the words to this song? kennst du den Text von diesem Lied?he really \knows particle physics in Teilchenphysik kennt er sich wirklich gut ausI \know no fear ich habe vor nichts AngstI \know what I am talking about ich weiß, wovon ich redehow was I to \know it'd be snowing in June! wer ahnt denn schon, dass es im Juni schneien würde!that's worth \knowing das ist gut zu wissenthat might be worth \knowing das wäre gut zu wissenthat's what I like to \know too das würde ich auch gerne wissen!— don't I \know it! — wem sagst du das!before you \know where you are ehe man sich versiehtfor all I \know soweit ich weißthey might have even cancelled the project for all I \know vielleicht haben sie das Projekt ja sogar ganz eingestellt — weiß man's! famI knew it! wusste ich's doch! fam... and you \know it... und das weißt du auch; ( fam)... I \know what... ich weiß wasbut she's not to \know aber sie soll nichts davon erfahrenGod only \knows what'll happen next! weiß der Himmel, was als Nächstes passiert! sl▪ to \know [that]/if/how/what/when/why... wissen, dass/ob/wie/was/wann/warum...▪ to \know sb/sth to be/do sth wissen, dass jd/etw etw ist/tutthe police \know him to be a cocaine dealer die Polizei weiß, dass er mit Kokain handelt▪ to \know how to do sth wissen, wie man etw machtto \know how to drive a car Auto fahren können▪ to \know sth about sth/sb etw über etw/jdn wissento \know the alphabet/English das Alphabet/Englisch könnendo you \know any Norwegian? können Sie ein bisschen Norwegisch?to \know sth by heart etw auswendig könnento \know what one is doing wissen, was man tutto let sb \know sth jdn etw wissen lassen2. (be certain)to not \know which way to turn nicht wissen, was man machen sollto not \know whether to laugh or cry nicht wissen, ob man lachen oder weinen sollto \know for a fact that... ganz sicher wissen, dass...3. (be acquainted with)▪ to \know sb jdn kennen\knowing Sarah [or if I \know Sarah], she'll have done a good job so wie ich Sarah kenne, hat sie ihre Sache bestimmt gut gemachtwe've \known each other for years now wir kennen uns schon seit Jahrenshe \knows Paris well sie kennt sich in Paris gut aussurely you \know me better than that! du solltest mich eigentlich besser kennen!you \know what it's like du weißt ja, wie das [so] istwe all knew her as a kind and understanding colleague uns allen war sie als liebenswerte und einfühlsame Kollegin bekanntI'm sure you all \know the new officer by reputation sicherlich haben Sie alle schon mal von dem neuen Offizier gehörtto \know sb by name/by sight/personally jdn dem Namen nach/vom Sehen/persönlich kennento get to \know sb jdn kennenlernento get to \know each other sich akk kennenlernento [not] \know sb to speak to jdn [nicht] näher kennen▪ to \know sth etw verstehendo you \know what I mean? verstehst du, was ich meine?if you \know what I mean wenn du verstehst, was ich meine5. (experience)I've never \known her [to] cry ich habe sie noch nie weinen sehen6. (recognize)▪ to \know sb/sth jdn/etw erkennenI \know a goodbye when I hear one ich hab' schon verstanden, dass du dich von mir trennen willst! famI \know a good thing when I see it ich merke gleich, wenn was gut istwe all \know him as ‘Curly’ wir alle kennen ihn als ‚Curly‘this is the end of world as we \know it das ist das Ende der Welt, so wie wir sie kennenthese chocolate bars are \known as something else in the US diese Schokoladenriegel laufen in den USA unter einem anderen NamenI knew her for a liar the minute I saw her ich habe vom ersten Augenblick an gewusst, dass sie eine Lügnerin istto \know sb by his/her voice/walk jdn an seiner Stimme/seinem Gang erkennensb wouldn't \know sth if he/she bumped into it [or if he/she fell over it] [or if it hit him/her in the face] jd würde etw akk nicht mal erkennen, wenn es vor ihm/ihr stehen würde7. (be able to differentiate)▪ to \know sth/sb from sth/sb etw/jdn von etw/jdm unterscheiden könnenAna wouldn't \know a greyhound from a collie Ana kann einen Windhund nicht von einem Collie unterscheidenyou wouldn't \know him from his brother man kann ihn und seinen Bruder nicht unterscheiden!don't worry, she wouldn't \know the difference keine Angst, sie wird den Unterschied [gar] nicht merkento \know right from wrong Gut und Böse unterscheiden können▪ it is \known that... es ist bekannt, dass...to make sth \known etw bekanntmachenshe's never been \known to laugh at his jokes sie hat bekanntlich noch nie über seine Witze gelachtthis substance is \known to cause skin problems es ist bekannt, dass diese Substanz Hautirritationen hervorruftthis substance has been \known to cause skin problems diese Substanz hat in einzelnen Fällen zu Hautirritationen geführtTerry is also \known as ‘The Muscleman’ Terry kennt man auch unter dem Namen ‚der Muskelmann‘9.▶ to \know no bounds keine Grenzen kennen▶ to not \know what hit one nicht wissen, wie einem geschieht▶ not if I \know it nicht mit mir!▶ to \know one's own mind wissen, was man will▶ to \know one's place wissen, wo man steht▶ to \know the score wissen, was gespielt wird▶ to \know a thing or two ( pej fam: be sexually experienced) sich akk [mit Männern/Frauen] auskennen<knew, known>1. (have knowledge) [Bescheid] wissenask Kate, she's sure to \know frag Kate, sie weiß es bestimmtI think she \knows ich glaube, sie weiß Bescheidwhere did he go? — I wouldn't [or don't] \know, I was not to \know until years later das sollte ich erst Jahre später erfahren, wo ist er hingegangen? — keine Ahnungare you going to university? — I don't \know yet willst du studieren? — ich weiß [es] noch nichtyou never \know man kann nie wissenas [or so] far as I \know so viel [o weit] ich weißhow am I to \know? woher soll ich das wissen?who \knows? wer weiß?how should I \know? wie soll ich das wissen?I \know! jetzt weiß ich!she didn't want to \know sie wollte nichts davon wissenjust let me \know ok? sag' mir einfach Bescheid, ok?“I don't \know,” he said, “why can't you ever be on time?” „ich begreife das einfach nicht“, sagte er, „warum kannst du nie pünktlich sein?“3. (said to agree with sb)I \know ich weißthe weather's been so good lately — I \know, isn't it wonderful! das Wetter war in letzter Zeit wirklich schön — ja, herrlich, nicht wahr?she's such a fool, don't you \know! sie ist so unglaublich dumm!5. (conversation filler)give him the red box, you \know, the one with the.... gib ihm die rote Kiste, du weißt schon, die mit den...he's so boring and, you \know, sort of spooky er ist so langweilig und, na ja, irgendwie unheimlichhe asked me, you \know weißt du, er hat mich halt gefragt6.▶ to \know better:you ought to \know better du solltest es eigentlich besser wissenhe said he loved me but I \know better er sagte, dass er mich liebt, aber ich weiß, dass es nicht stimmt▶ to \know better than:she's old enough to \know better than to run out into the traffic sie ist alt genug, um zu wissen, dass man nicht einfach auf die Straße läuft▶ to not \know any better es nicht anders kennenIII. NOUNto be in the \know [about sth] [über etw akk] im Bilde sein [o Bescheid wissen]* * *[nəʊ] vb: pret knew, ptp known1. TRANSITIVE VERB1) = have knowledge about wissen; answer, facts, dates, details, results etc kennen, wissen; French, English etc könnenhe knew her to be guilty — er wusste, dass sie schuldig war
to know what one is talking about — wissen, wovon man redet
to know one's own mind — wissen, was man will
she knows all the answers — sie weiß Bescheid, sie kennt sich aus; (pej) sie weiß immer alles besser
he thinks he knows all the answers or everything —
that's what I'd like to know ( too) — das möchte ich auch wissen
that might be worth knowing — es könnte interessant sein, das zu wissen
I've been a fool and don't I know it! (inf) — ich sehs ja ein, ich war doof (inf), ich war vielleicht doof (inf)
she's angry! – don't I know it! (inf) — sie ist wütend! – wem sagst du das! (inf)
2) = be acquainted with people, places, book, author kennenI know Bavaria well — ich kenne Bayern gut, ich kenne mich gut in Bayern aus
do you know him to speak to? —
we all know her as the headmistress/a generous person — wir kennen Sie alle als die Schulleiterin/einen großzügigen Menschen
if I know John, he'll already be there — wie ich John kenne, ist er schon da
3) = recognize erkennento know sb by his voice/walk etc — jdn an der Stimme/am Gang etc erkennen
he knows a good thing when he sees it — er weiß, was gut ist
he knows a bargain/good manuscript when he sees one — er weiß, was ein guter Kauf/ein gutes Manuskript ist
this is the end of the welfare system as we know it — das ist das Ende des uns bekannten Wohlfahrtssystems
4) = be able to distinguish unterscheiden könnendon't you know your right from your left? — können Sie rechts und links nicht unterscheiden?
do you know the difference between...? —
to know the difference between right and wrong, to know right from wrong — den Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse kennen, Gut und Böse unterscheiden können
he doesn't know one end of a horse/hammer from the other — er hat keine Ahnung von Pferden/keine Ahnung, was ein Hammer ist (inf)
5) = experience erlebenI've never known him (to) smile — ich habe ihn noch nie lächeln sehen, ich habe es noch nie erlebt, dass er lächelt
have you ever known me (to) tell a lie? — haben Sie mich jemals lügen hören?
have you ever known such a thing to happen before? — haben Sie je schon so etwas erlebt?, ist Ihnen so etwas schon einmal vorgekommen?
2. INTRANSITIVE VERBwissenwho knows? — wer weiß?, weiß ichs?
as far as I know — soviel ich weiß, meines Wissens
the channel was rough, as I well know or as well I know! — die Überfahrt war stürmisch, das kann ich dir sagen
3. SET STRUCTURES__diams; to know that... wissen, dass...Note that while in English that can be omitted, in German dass must be used to introduce the next sentence.when I saw the ambulance, I knew (that) something was wrong — als ich den Krankenwagen sah, wusste ich, dass etwas nicht stimmte __diams; to know why... wissen, warum...
he didn't know why — er wusste nicht, warum
I don't know why you think it's so funny — ich weiß nicht, was du daran so komisch findest
to know how to do sth (in theory) — wissen, wie man etw macht; (in practice) etw tun können
I know how you feel — ich weiß, wie Sie sich fühlen
you don't know how good it is to see you again — Sie wissen gar nicht, wie sehr ich mich freue, Sie wiederzusehen
I know better than that — ich bin ja nicht ganz dumm
I know better than to say something like that —
he knows better than to eat into the profits — er ist nicht so dumm, den Gewinn anzugreifen
he/you ought to have known better — das war dumm (von ihm/dir)
he ought to have or should have known better than to do that — es war dumm von ihm, das zu tun
he says he didn't do it, but I know better — er sagt, er war es nicht, aber ich weiß, dass das nicht stimmt
OK, you know best — o.k., Sie müssens wissen
to get to know sth (methods, techniques, style, pronunciation etc) — etw lernen; habits, faults, shortcuts etc etw herausfinden
he soon let me know what he thought of it —
when can you let me know? — wann können Sie es mich wissen lassen?, wann können Sie mir Bescheid sagen?
you know, we could/there is... — weißt du, wir könnten/da ist...
he gave it away, you know — er hat es nämlich weggegeben
it's raining, you know —
then there was this man, you know, and... — und da war dieser Mann, nicht (wahr), und...
wear the black dress, you know, the one with the red belt —
it's long and purple and, you know, sort of crinkly — es ist lang und lila und, na ja, so kraus
(if you) know what I mean — du weißt schon __diams; you never know man kann nie wissen
it was nothing to do with me, I'll have you know! — es hatte nichts mit mir zu tun, damit du es weißt! __diams; there's no knowing (inf) das kann keiner sagen, das weiß niemand
there's no knowing what he'll do — man weiß nie, was er noch tut __diams; what do you know! (inf) sieh mal einer an!
what do you know! I've just seen her! (inf) — stellen Sie sich vor, ich habe sie eben gesehen __diams; to be known → also known
it is (well) known that... —
is he/it known here? — ist er/das hier bekannt?, kennt man ihn/das hier?
he is known to have been here — man weiß, dass er hier war
she wishes to be known as Mrs White — sie möchte Frau White genannt werden → also known __diams; to make sb/sth known jdn/etw bekannt machen
to make it known that... — bekannt geben, dass...
to make one's presence known — sich melden (to bei) __diams; to become known bekannt werden
4. NOUN__diams; to be in the know inf eingeweiht sein, im Bild sein (inf), Bescheid wissen (inf)the people in the know say... — Leute, die darüber Bescheid wissen, sagen..., die Fachleute sagen...
5. PHRASAL VERBS* * *know [nəʊ]A v/t prät knew [njuː; US besonders nuː], pperf known [nəʊn]1. allg wissen:he knows what to do er weiß, was zu tun ist;I don’t know how to thank you ich weiß nicht, wie ich Ihnen danken soll;know all about it genau Bescheid wissen;don’t I know it!a) und ob ich das weiß!,b) als ob ich das nicht wüsste!;I would have you know that … ich möchte Ihnen klarmachen, dass …;I have never known him to lie meines Wissens hat er noch nie gelogen;I don’t know much about football ich versteh nicht viel von Fußball;what do you know! umg na so was!;2. a) können:b) know how to do sth etwas tun können:do you know how to do it? weißt du, wie man das macht?, kannst du das?;he knows how to treat children er versteht mit Kindern umzugehen;do you know how to drive a car? können Sie Auto fahren?;he doesn’t know how to lose er kann nicht verlieren3. kennen:do you know this place? kennen Sie sich hier aus?b) mit einem Roman etc vertraut sein:c) bekannt sein mit:I have known him (for) five years ich kenne ihn (schon) seit fünf Jahren;4. erfahren, erleben:he has known better days er hat schon bessere Tage gesehen;I have known it to happen ich habe das schon erlebt5. a) (wieder)erkennen (by an dat):I would know him anywhere ich würde ihn überall erkennen;before you know where you are im Handumdrehen;I don’t know whether I will know him again ich weiß nicht, ob ich ihn wiedererkennen werdeb) unterscheiden (können):know apart auseinanderhalten;know one from the other einen vom anderen unterscheiden können, die beiden auseinanderhalten könnenB v/i wissen (of von, um), im Bilde sein oder Bescheid wissen ( about über akk), Kenntnis haben ( about von):I know of sb who … ich weiß oder kenne jemanden, der …;I know better! so dumm bin ich nicht!;you ought to know better (than that) das sollten Sie besser wissen, so dumm werden Sie doch nicht sein;know better than to do sth sich davor hüten, etwas zu tun;he ought to know better than to go swimming after a big meal er sollte so viel Verstand haben zu wissen, dass man nach einer ausgiebigen Mahlzeit nicht baden geht;not that I know of nicht dass ich wüsste;you know wissen Sie;this isn’t the Ritz, you know wir sind hier nicht im Ritz!;you never know man kann nie wissen;I’ll let you know ich geb dir Bescheid* * *1. transitive verb,3) (be aware of) wissen; kennen [Person]I know who she is — ich weiß, wer sie ist
I know for a fact that... — ich weiß ganz bestimmt, dass...
it is known that... — man weiß, dass...; es ist bekannt, dass...
know somebody/something to be... — wissen, dass jemand/etwas... ist
that's/that might be worth knowing — das ist gut/wäre wichtig zu wissen
he doesn't want to know — er will nichts davon wissen od. hören
I know what — ich weiß was (ugs.)
you know — (coll.): (as reminder) weißt du [noch]
you know something or what? — weißt du was?
you never know — man kann nie wissen (ugs.)
somebody has [never] been known to do something — jemand hat bekanntlich [noch nie] etwas getan
don't I know it! — (coll.) das weiß ich nur zu gut
what do you know [about that]? — (coll.): (that is surprising) was sagst du dazu?
somebody is not to know — (is not to be told) jemand soll nichts wissen (about, of von); (has no way of learning) jemand kann nicht wissen
not know what hit one — (fig.) gar nicht begreifen, was geschehen ist
that's all you know [about it] — das glaubst du vielleicht
know different or otherwise — es besser wissen
know what's what — wissen, wie es in der Welt zugeht
do you know,... — stell dir [mal] vor,...
4) (have understanding of) können [ABC, Einmaleins, Deutsch usw.]; beherrschen [Grundlagen, Regeln]; sich auskennen mit [Gerät, Verfahren, Gesetz]know how to mend fuses — wissen, wie man Sicherungen repariert
5) (be acquainted with) kennenwe have known each other for years — wir kennen uns [schon] seit Jahren
you know what he/it is — (is like) du kennst ihn ja/du weißt ja, wie es ist
6) (have experience of) erleben; erfahren2. nounknow what it is to be hungry — wissen, was es heißt, Hunger zu haben
(coll.)Phrasal Verbs:- know of* * *v.(§ p.,p.p.: knew, known)= kennen v.(§ p.,pp.: kannte, gekannt)wissen v.(§ p.,pp.: wußte, gewußt) -
31 run
1. noun1) Lauf, dermake a late run — (Sport or fig.) zum Endspurt ansetzen
come towards somebody/start off at a run — jemandem entgegenlaufen/losrennen
I've had a good run for my money — ich bin auf meine Kosten gekommen
go for a run [in the car] — einen [Auto]ausflug machen
3)she has had a long run of success — sie war lange [Zeit] erfolgreich
have a long run — [Stück, Show:] viele Aufführungen erleben
5) (tendency) Ablauf, derthe general run of things/events — der Lauf der Dinge/der Gang der Ereignisse
6) (regular route) Strecke, die7) (Cricket, Baseball) Lauf, der; Run, derproduction run — Ausstoß, der (Wirtsch.)
10)11) (unrestricted use)12) (animal enclosure) Auslauf, der2. intransitive verb,-nn-, ran, run1) laufen; (fast also) rennenrun for the bus — laufen od. rennen, um den Bus zu kriegen (ugs.)
2) (compete) laufen3) (hurry) laufendon't run to me when things go wrong — komm mir nicht angelaufen, wenn etwas schiefgeht (ugs.)
4) (roll) laufen; [Ball, Kugel:] rollen, laufen5) (slide) laufen; [Schlitten, [Schiebe]tür:] gleiten6) (revolve) [Rad, Maschine:] laufen7) (flee) davonlaufen8) (operate on a schedule) fahrenrun between two places — [Zug, Bus:] zwischen zwei Orten verkehren
the train is running late — der Zug hat Verspätung
the train doesn't run on Sundays — der Zug verkehrt nicht an Sonntagen
9) (pass cursorily)run through — überfliegen [Text]
run through one's head or mind — [Gedanken, Ideen:] einem durch den Kopf gehen
run through the various possibilities — die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten durchspielen
10) (flow) laufen; [Fluss:] fließenrun dry — [Fluss:] austrocknen; [Quelle:] versiegen
run low or short — knapp werden; ausgehen
11) (be current) [Vertrag, Theaterstück:] laufen12) (be present)run in the family — [Eigenschaft, Begabung:] in der Familie liegen
13) (function) laufenkeep/leave the engine running — den Motor laufen lassen/nicht abstellen
the machine runs on batteries/oil — etc. die Maschine läuft mit Batterien/Öl usw.
14) (have a course) [Straße, Bahnlinie:] verlaufeninflation is running at 15 % — die Inflationsrate beläuft sich auf od. beträgt 15 %
17) (seek election) kandidierenrun for mayor — für das Amt des Bürgermeisters kandidieren
18) (spread quickly)a shiver ran down my spine — ein Schau[d]er (geh.) lief mir den Rücken hinunter
19) (spread undesirably) [Butter, Eis:] zerlaufen; (in washing) [Farben:] auslaufen20) (ladder) [Strumpf:] Laufmaschen bekommen3. transitive verb,-nn-, ran, runrun one's hand/fingers through/along or over something — mit der Hand/den Fingern durch etwas fahren/über etwas (Akk.) streichen
run an or one's eye along or down or over something — (fig.) etwas überfliegen
2) (cause to flow) [ein]laufen lassen3) (organize, manage) führen, leiten [Geschäft usw.]; durchführen [Experiment]; veranstalten [Wettbewerb]; führen [Leben]4) (operate) bedienen [Maschine]; verkehren lassen [Verkehrsmittel]; einsetzen [Sonderbus, -zug]; laufen lassen [Motor]; abspielen [Tonband]run forward/back — vorwärts-/zurückspulen [Film, Tonband]
5) (own and use) sich (Dat.) halten [Auto]this car is expensive to run — dieses Auto ist im Unterhalt sehr teuer
6) (take for journey) fahrenI'll run you into town — ich fahre od. bringe dich in die Stadt
7) (pursue) jagenrun somebody hard or close — jemandem auf den Fersen sein od. sitzen (ugs.)
be run off one's feet — alle Hände voll zu tun haben (ugs.); (in business) Hochbetrieb haben (ugs.); see also academic.ru/23126/earth">earth 1. 4)
8) (complete) laufen [Rennen, Marathon, Strecke]run messages/errands — Botengänge machen
9)run a fever/a temperature — Fieber/erhöhte Temperatur haben
10) (publish) bringen (ugs.) [Bericht, Artikel usw.]Phrasal Verbs:- run away- run down- run in- run into- run off- run on- run out- run over- run to- run up* * *1. present participle - running; verb2) (to move smoothly: Trains run on rails.) fahren4) ((of a machine etc) to work or operate: The engine is running; He ran the motor to see if it was working.) laufen(lassen)5) (to organize or manage: He runs the business very efficiently.) leiten6) (to race: Is your horse running this afternoon?) laufen7) ((of buses, trains etc) to travel regularly: The buses run every half hour; The train is running late.) verkehren9) (to own and use, especially of cars: He runs a Rolls Royce.) sich halten12) (to move (something): She ran her fingers through his hair; He ran his eyes over the letter.) gleiten lassen13) ((in certain phrases) to be or become: The river ran dry; My blood ran cold (= I was afraid).) werden2. noun1) (the act of running: He went for a run before breakfast.) das Laufen2) (a trip or drive: We went for a run in the country.) der Abstecher6) (in cricket, a batsman's act of running from one end of the wicket to the other, representing a single score: He scored/made 50 runs for his team.) der Lauf7) (an enclosure or pen: a chicken-run.) der Auslauf•- runner- running 3. adverb(one after another; continuously: We travelled for four days running.) aufeinanderfolgend- runny- runaway
- rundown
- runner-up
- runway
- in
- out of the running
- on the run
- run across
- run after
- run aground
- run along
- run away
- run down
- run for
- run for it
- run in
- run into
- run its course
- run off
- run out
- run over
- run a temperature
- run through
- run to
- run up
- run wild* * *[rʌn]I. NOUNto let the dog out for [or let the dog have] a \run den Hund hinauslassen [o ÖSTERR fam äußerln führen]to break into a \run zu laufen beginnento go for [or do] a \run laufen gehenI go for [or do] a 5 mile \run before breakfast ich laufe vor dem Frühstück 5 Meilento set off/come in at a \run weg-/hereinlaufenhe took the ditch at a \run er nahm Anlauf und sprang über den Graben; ( fig)with his main rival out injured, he has a clear \run at the title da sein Hauptrivale verletzt ist, hat er keine Konkurrenten beim Kampf um den Titelthe \run down to the coast only takes half an hour man braucht nur eine halbe Stunde zur Küsteon the London—Glasgow \run auf der Strecke London—Glasgowbombing \run Bombardierungsstrecke f\run of bad/good luck Pech-/Glückssträhne fa long \run of bad weather eine lange Schlechtwetterperiodein the normal \run of things normalerweiseafter a short \run on Broadway nach kurzer Laufzeit am Broadwaythe company is planning a first \run of 10,000 red teddy bears die Firma plant eine Anfangsproduktion von 10.000 roten Teddybärena cheque \run Ausstellung f von Schecks durch Computera computer \run Arbeitsgang m [o Durchlauf m] eines Computerstest \run Probelauf ma sudden \run on the dollar has lowered its value die plötzliche Nachfrage nach dem Dollar ließ den Kurs sinkena \run on a bank ein Ansturm m auf eine Banka \run on the pound Panikverkäufe pl des Pfundestheir food is not the usual \run of hotel cooking ihr Essen hebt sich von der üblichen Hotelküche abchicken \run Hühnerhof mto score 4 \runs vier Treffer erzielento score a home \run einen Homerun erzielento have the \runs Dünnpfiff haben sl14.▶ to give sb a \run for their money jdn etw für sein Geld tun lassen▶ to have the \run of sth etw zur Verfügung habenwhile she's away, I have the \run of the house während sie weg ist, hat sie mir das Haus überlassen▶ to have a [good] \run for one's money etw für sein Geld bekommen▶ in the long \run langfristig, auf lange Sicht gesehen▶ in the short \run kurzfristigwhen I am rushed in the mornings, I eat breakfast on the \run wenn ich morgens in Eile bin, dann esse ich mein Frühstück auf dem Weg<ran, run>1. (move fast) laufen, rennenhe ran up/down the hill er rannte den Hügel hinauf/hinunterhe ran along/down the street er rannte die Straße entlang/hinunterhe ran into/out of the house er rannte in das Haus/aus dem Hauspeople came \running at the sound of shots Menschen kamen gelaufen, als sie Schüsse hörtento \run for the bus dem Bus nachlaufento \run for cover schnell in Deckung gehento \run for it sich akk aus dem Staub machento \run for one's life um sein Leben rennento \run for help um Hilfe laufento \run for the police die Polizei benachrichtigento \run on the spot auf der Stelle laufento go \running laufen gehen▪ to \run at sb jdn angreifenare there a lot of trains \running between London and York? verkehren viele Züge zwischen London und York?they had the new computer system up and \running within an hour sie hatten das neue Computerprogramm innerhalb einer Stunde installiert und am Laufen; ( fig)work is \running smoothly at the moment die Arbeit geht im Moment glatt von der Handto keep the economy \running die Wirtschaft am Laufen haltenthe route \runs through the mountains die Strecke führt durch die Bergea shiver ran down my back mir lief ein Schauder über den Rücken gehto \run off the road von der Straße abkommenthe vine \runs up the wall and along the fence die Weinreben schlingen sich die Wand hinauf und den Zaun entlang5. (extend)there's a beautiful cornice \running around all the ceilings ein wunderschönes Gesims verläuft um alle Decken6. (last) [an]dauernhow much longer does this course \run? wie lange dauert dieser Kurs noch?a magazine subscription usually only \runs for one year ein Zeitschriftenabonnement läuft normalerweise nur ein JahrI've had that tune \running in my head all day diese Melodie geht mir schon den ganzen Tag im Kopf herumthis show will \run and \run diese Show wird ewig laufen7. (be)inflation is \running at 10% die Inflationsrate beträgt 10 %; (amount to)he has an income \running into six figures er hat ein Einkommen, das sich auf sechsstellige Zahlen beläuft8. (flow) fließenI could feel trickles of sweat \running down my neck ich fühlte, wie mir die Schweißtropfen den Hals herunterliefentheir bodies were \running with sweat ihre Körper waren schweißüberströmtwhen the sand has \run through the egg timer, it'll be five minutes wenn der Sand durch die Eieruhr gelaufen ist, dann sind fünf Minuten vorbeithe river \runs [down] to the sea der Fluss mündet in das Meerthere was a strong tide/heavy sea \running die Flut/die See war hochdon't cry, or your make-up will \run weine nicht, sonst verwischt sich dein Make-upthe colour of the dress has \run das Kleid hat abgefärbtmy nose is \running meine Nase läuftif the paint is wet, the colours will \run into each other wenn die Farbe nass ist, fließen die Farben ineinanderto \run for President für das Präsidentenamt kandidieren, sich akk für das Amt des Präsidenten bewerben▪ to \run against sb gegen jdn kandidieren10. (in tights)oh no, my tights have \run oh nein, ich habe eine Laufmasche im Strumpf11. (proceed) verlaufencan you give me an idea of how the discussion ran? kannst du mir den Verlauf der Diskussion schildern?12. NAUT fahrento \run before the wind vor dem Wind segeln13. (to be in force) price, value of commodity gelten, gültig sein14.▶ to \run amok Amok laufen▶ to \run with blood blutüberströmt seinthe streets were \running with blood in den Straßen floss überall Blut▶ to \run deep:differences between the two sides \run deep die Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Seiten sind sehr groß▶ to \run in the family in der Familie liegen▶ feelings are \running high die Gefühle gehen hoch▶ to make sb's blood \run cold jds Blut in den Adern gefrieren lassen▶ to \run short knapp werdento \run short of sth etw nicht mehr habenwe're beginning to \run short of money uns geht langsam das Geld ausshe lets her kids \run wild [or \run riot] sie setzt ihren Kindern keinerlei Grenzento let one's imagination \run wild seiner Fantasie freien Lauf lassenIII. TRANSITIVE VERB<ran, run>1. (move fast)to \run a dead heat/a mile/a race ein totes Rennen/eine Meile/ein Rennen laufen2. (enter in race)to \run a candidate einen Kandidaten aufstellento \run a horse ein Pferd laufen lassen3. (drive)he ran his car into a tree last night er fuhr letzte Nacht mit seinem Auto gegen einen Baumto \run sb home jdn nach Hause fahrento \run sb to the station jdn zum Bahnhof bringen4. (pass)she ran her eyes/finger down the list sie ließ die Augen/den Finger über die Liste gleiten\run this rope round the tree wickle dieses Seil um den Baumhe ran a vacuum cleaner over the carpet er saugte den Teppich abto \run one's fingers through one's hair sich dat mit den Fingern durchs Haar fahren5. (operate)to \run a computer program ein Computerprogramm laufen lassento \run the engine den Motor laufen lassento \run additional trains zusätzliche Züge einsetzento \run the dishwasher/washing machine die Spülmaschine/Waschmaschine laufen lassen6. (manage)how did he end up \running the city? wie wurde er Bürgermeister der Stadt?don't tell me how to \run my life! erklär mir nicht, wie ich mein Leben leben soll!some people \run their lives according to the movements of the stars manche Leute richten ihr Leben nach dem Verlauf der Sterne austo \run a company ein Unternehmen leitento \run a government/household eine Regierung/einen Haushalt führento \run a store ein Geschäft haben7. (conduct)to \run a course einen Kurs anbietento \run an experiment/a test ein Experiment/einen Test durchführen8. (let flow)he ran a little cold water into the bath er ließ etwas kaltes Wasser in die Badewanne laufento \run [sb] a bath [or to \run a bath [for sb]] [jdm] ein Bad einlaufen lassen9. (in newspaper)to \run an article/a series einen Artikel/eine Serie bringen fam10. (smuggle)▪ to \run sth etw schmuggelnto \run sth across the border etw über die Grenze schmuggeln11. (not heed)to \run a blockade eine Blockade durchbrechento \run a red light eine rote Ampel überfahren12. (incur)to \run a risk ein Risiko eingehenyou \run the risk when gambling of losing your entire stake wenn du spielst, riskierst du, deinen gesamten Einsatz zu verlieren13. (perform small tasks)to \run errands [for sb] [für jdn] Botengänge machen14.▶ to \run sb/sth close nur knapp von jdm/etw geschlagen werden▶ to let sth \run its course etw seinen Lauf nehmen lassen▶ to \run sb to earth [or ground] jdn aufspüren▶ to \run one's eye over sth etw überfliegen▶ to \run a fever [or temperature] Fieber haben▶ to \run the show verantwortlich sein* * *run [rʌn]A s1. a) Lauf m (auch fig):in the long run auf die Dauer, auf lange Sicht, langfristig;in the short run auf kurze Sicht, kurzfristig;make a run for it sich aus dem Staub machen fig;make a run for the door zur Tür rennenb) SPORT Lauf m, Durchgang m (eines Slaloms etc)2. Laufen n, Rennen n:a) (immer) auf Trab sein umg,b) auf der Flucht sein ( from the police vor der Polizei);keep sb on the run jemanden in Trab halten umg;shoot on the run (Fußball) aus vollem Lauf schießen;give sb a (good) run for their money es jemandem nicht leicht machen;this car gives you a (good) run for your money dieser Wagen ist sein Geld wert;he’s had a (good) run for his money er ist auf seine Kosten gekommen, er kann sich nicht beklagen3. Laufschritt m:at a run im Laufschritt;go off at a run davonlaufen4. Anlauf m:take a run (einen) Anlauf nehmen5. SCHIFF, AUTO Fahrt fgo for a run in the car eine Spazierfahrt machento nach)8. Reiten: schneller Galopp9. JAGD Hatz f11. (Laich)Wanderung f (der Fische)12. MUS Lauf m13. US (kleiner) Wasserlauf14. US Laufmasche f15. (Ver)Lauf m, Fortgang m:run of the play SPORT Spielverlauf;be against the run of the play SPORT den Spielverlauf auf den Kopf stellen16. Verlauf m:17. a) Tendenz fb) Mode fa run of bad (good) luck eine Pechsträhne (eine Glückssträhne, ein Lauf);a run of good weather eine Schönwetterperiode;a run of wins eine Siegesserie20. Auflage f (einer Zeitung etc)21. TECH Herstellungsmaße pl, -größe f, (Rohr- etc) Länge f, (Betriebs) Leistung f, Ausstoß m:a) Fördererz n,b) Rohkohle f23. TECHa) Durchlauf m (eines Beschickungsguts)b) Charge f, (Beschickungs)Menge f24. TECHa) Arbeitsperiode f, Gang mb) IT (Durch)Lauf mc) Bedienung f (einer Maschine etc)25. THEAT, FILM Lauf-, Spielzeit f:the play had a run of 44 nights das Stück wurde 44-mal hintereinander gegeben;run of validity Gültigkeitsdauer27. a) Strecke fb) FLUG Rollstrecke fc) SCHIFF Etmal n (vom Schiff in 24 Stunden zurückgelegte Strecke)28. give sb the run of sth jemandem etwas zur Verfügung stellen;have the run of sth etwas zur freien Verfügung haben;29. besonders Bra) Weide f, Trift fb) Auslauf m, (Hühner) Hof m30. a) JAGD Wechsel m, (Wild)Bahn fb) Maulwurfsgang m, Kaninchenröhre f31. SPORTa) (Bob-, Rodel) Bahn f32. TECHa) Bahn fb) Laufschiene f, -planke f33. TECH Rinne f, Kanal m34. TECH Mühl-, Mahlgang mthe common run of mankind der Durchschnittsmensch37. a) Herde fb) Schwarm m (Fische)38. SCHIFF (Achter-, Vor) Piek f39. Länge f, Ausdehnung fB adj1. geschmolzen2. gegossen, geformt:run with lead mit Blei ausgegossenC v/i prät ran [ræn], pperf run1. laufen, rennen, eilen, stürzen:run round one’s backhand (Tennis etc) seine Rückhand umlaufen3. SPORTa) (um die Wette) laufenb) (an einem Lauf oder Rennen) teilnehmenc) als Zweiter etc einkommen:he ran second er wurde oder war Zweiter4. (for)a) POL kandidieren (für)b) umg sich bemühen (um):run for election kandidieren, sich zur Wahl stellen5. fig laufen (Blick, Feuer, Finger, Schauer etc):his eyes ran over it sein Blick überflog es;run back over the past Rückschau halten;this tune (idea) keeps running through my head diese Melodie (Idee) geht mir nicht aus dem Kopf6. fahren:7. gleiten (Schlitten etc), ziehen, wandern (Wolken etc):let the skis run die Skier laufen lassen10. fließen, strömen (beide auch fig), rinnen:11. lauten (Schriftstück):12. gehen (Melodie)13. vergehen, -streichen (Zeit etc)14. dauern:15. laufen (Theaterstück etc), gegeben werden16. verlaufen (Straße etc, auch Vorgang), sich erstrecken, gehen, führen (Weg etc):my talent (taste) does not run that way dafür habe ich keine Begabung (keinen Sinn)17. TECH laufen:a) gleiten:b) in Betrieb oder Gang sein, arbeiten (Maschine, Motor etc), gehen (Uhr, Mechanismus etc), funktionieren:run hot (sich) heiß laufen;with the engine running mit laufendem Motor18. in Betrieb sein (Hotel, Fabrik etc)19. zer-, auslaufen (Farbe)run with tears in Tränen schwimmen21. auslaufen (Gefäß)22. schmelzen (Metall etc):running ice tauendes Eis23. MED laufen, eiterna) wachsen, wuchern,b) klettern, ranken25. fluten, wogen:a heavy sea was running SCHIFF es lief eine schwere See27. WIRTSCHa) laufenb) fällig werden (Wechsel etc)the lease runs for 7 years der Pachtvertrag läuft auf 7 Jahre30. (mit adj und s) werden, sein:a) versiegen (Quelle),b) austrocknen,c) keine Milch mehr geben (Kuh),d) fig erschöpft sein,31. WIRTSCH stehen auf (dat) (Preis, Ware)32. klein etc ausfallen:D v/t1. einen Weg etc laufen, einschlagen, eine Strecke etc durchlaufen (auch fig), zurücklegen:run its course fig seinen Verlauf nehmen;things must run their course man muss den Dingen ihren Lauf lassenrun 22 knots SCHIFF mit 22 Knoten fahrenrun races Wettrennen veranstalten4. um die Wette laufen mit, laufen gegen5. fig sich messen mit:run sb close dicht herankommen an jemanden (a. fig)6. ein Pferda) treiben, hetzenb) laufen lassen, (für ein Rennen auch) meldena) einen Fuchs im Bau aufstöbern, bis in seinen Bau verfolgen,b) fig jemanden, etwas aufstöbern, ausfindig machen10. entfliehen (dat):run the country außer Landes flüchten11. passieren:12. Vieha) treibenb) weiden lassen14. befördern, transportieren15. Alkohol etc schmuggelnrun one’s comb through one’s hair (sich) mit dem Kamm durchs Haar fahren18. einen Film laufen lassen19. eine Artikelserie etc veröffentlichen, bringen20. TECH eine Maschine etc laufen lassen, bedienen21. einen Betrieb etc verwalten, führen, leiten, ein Geschäft, eine Fabrik etc betreiben:22. hineingeraten (lassen) in (akk):run debts Schulden machen;this faucet runs hot water aus diesem Hahn kommt heißes Wasser25. Fieber, Temperatur haben26. a) Metall schmelzenb) verschmelzenc) Blei etc gießen27. stoßen, stechen ( beide:29. Bergbau: eine Strecke treiben31. ein Bad, das Badewasser einlaufen lassen32. schieben, führen ( beide:33. (bei Spielen) eine bestimmte Punktzahl etc hintereinander erzielen:run fifteen auf fünfzehn (Punkte etc) kommen34. eine Schleuse öffnen:run dry leerlaufen lassen35. eine Naht etc mit Vorderstich nähen, heften* * *1. noun1) Lauf, dermake a late run — (Sport or fig.) zum Endspurt ansetzen
come towards somebody/start off at a run — jemandem entgegenlaufen/losrennen
go for a run [in the car] — einen [Auto]ausflug machen
3)she has had a long run of success — sie war lange [Zeit] erfolgreich
have a long run — [Stück, Show:] viele Aufführungen erleben
5) (tendency) Ablauf, derthe general run of things/events — der Lauf der Dinge/der Gang der Ereignisse
6) (regular route) Strecke, die7) (Cricket, Baseball) Lauf, der; Run, derproduction run — Ausstoß, der (Wirtsch.)
10)the runs — (coll.): (diarrhoea) Durchmarsch, der (salopp)
12) (animal enclosure) Auslauf, der2. intransitive verb,-nn-, ran, run1) laufen; (fast also) rennenrun for the bus — laufen od. rennen, um den Bus zu kriegen (ugs.)
2) (compete) laufen3) (hurry) laufendon't run to me when things go wrong — komm mir nicht angelaufen, wenn etwas schiefgeht (ugs.)
4) (roll) laufen; [Ball, Kugel:] rollen, laufen5) (slide) laufen; [Schlitten, [Schiebe]tür:] gleiten6) (revolve) [Rad, Maschine:] laufen7) (flee) davonlaufen8) (operate on a schedule) fahrenrun between two places — [Zug, Bus:] zwischen zwei Orten verkehren
run through — überfliegen [Text]
run through one's head or mind — [Gedanken, Ideen:] einem durch den Kopf gehen
10) (flow) laufen; [Fluss:] fließenrun dry — [Fluss:] austrocknen; [Quelle:] versiegen
run low or short — knapp werden; ausgehen
11) (be current) [Vertrag, Theaterstück:] laufen12) (be present)run in the family — [Eigenschaft, Begabung:] in der Familie liegen
13) (function) laufenkeep/leave the engine running — den Motor laufen lassen/nicht abstellen
the machine runs on batteries/oil — etc. die Maschine läuft mit Batterien/Öl usw.
14) (have a course) [Straße, Bahnlinie:] verlaufen15) (have wording) lauten; [Geschichte:] gehen (fig.)inflation is running at 15 % — die Inflationsrate beläuft sich auf od. beträgt 15 %
17) (seek election) kandidieren18) (spread quickly)a shiver ran down my spine — ein Schau[d]er (geh.) lief mir den Rücken hinunter
19) (spread undesirably) [Butter, Eis:] zerlaufen; (in washing) [Farben:] auslaufen20) (ladder) [Strumpf:] Laufmaschen bekommen3. transitive verb,-nn-, ran, run1) (cause to move) laufen lassen; (drive) fahrenrun one's hand/fingers through/along or over something — mit der Hand/den Fingern durch etwas fahren/über etwas (Akk.) streichen
run an or one's eye along or down or over something — (fig.) etwas überfliegen
2) (cause to flow) [ein]laufen lassen3) (organize, manage) führen, leiten [Geschäft usw.]; durchführen [Experiment]; veranstalten [Wettbewerb]; führen [Leben]4) (operate) bedienen [Maschine]; verkehren lassen [Verkehrsmittel]; einsetzen [Sonderbus, -zug]; laufen lassen [Motor]; abspielen [Tonband]run forward/back — vorwärts-/zurückspulen [Film, Tonband]
5) (own and use) sich (Dat.) halten [Auto]6) (take for journey) fahrenI'll run you into town — ich fahre od. bringe dich in die Stadt
7) (pursue) jagenrun somebody hard or close — jemandem auf den Fersen sein od. sitzen (ugs.)
be run off one's feet — alle Hände voll zu tun haben (ugs.); (in business) Hochbetrieb haben (ugs.); see also earth 1. 4)
8) (complete) laufen [Rennen, Marathon, Strecke]run messages/errands — Botengänge machen
9)run a fever/a temperature — Fieber/erhöhte Temperatur haben
10) (publish) bringen (ugs.) [Bericht, Artikel usw.]Phrasal Verbs:- run away- run down- run in- run into- run off- run on- run out- run over- run to- run up* * *(of a ladder) n.Leitersprosse f. n.Fahrt -en f.Lauf -e m.Laufmasche f. v.(§ p.,p.p.: ran, run)= laufen v.(§ p.,pp.: lief, ist gelaufen)rennen v.(§ p.,pp.: rannte, ist gerannt) -
32 engine
двигатель (внутреннего сгорания); машина; мотор- engine analyzer - engine and gearbox unit - engine area - engine assembly - engine assembly shop - engine bonnet - engine braking force - engine breathing - engine-building - engine capacity - engine cleansing agents - engine column - engine component - engine conk - engine control - engine-cooling - engine-cooling thermometer - engine cowl flap - engine cross-drive casing - engine cutoff - engine cycle - engine data - engine deck - engine department - engine details - engine diagnostic connector - engine-driven air compressor - engine-driven industrial shop truck - engine dry weight - engine efficiency - engine failure - engine fan pulley - engine flameout - engine flywheel - engine for different fuels - engine frame - engine front - engine front area - engine front support bracket - engine fuel - engine gearbox - engine-gearbox unit - engine-generator - engine-governed speed - engine governor - engine gum - engine hatch - engine hoist - engine hood - engine house - engine idles rough - engine in situ - engine installation - engine is smooth - engine is tractable - engine knock - engine lacquer - engine life - engine lifetime pecypc - engine lifting bracket - engine lifting fixture - engine lifting hook - engine location - engine lubrication system - engine lug - engine management - engine management system - engine map - engine misfires - engine model - engine motoring - engine mount - engine-mounted - engine mounted longitudinally - engine mounted transversally - engine mounting - engine-mounting bracket - engine nameplate - engine noise - engine number - engine off - engine oil - engine oil capacity - engine oil filler cap - engine oil filling cap - engine oil tank - engine on - engine operating temperature - engine out of work - engine output - engine overhaul - engine pan - engine peak speed - engine performance - engine picks up - engine pings - engine piston - engine plant - engine power - engine pressure - engine primer - engine rating - engine rear support - engine reconditioning - engine renovation - engine repair stand - engine retarder - engine revolution counter - engine rig test - engine room - engine roughness - engine rpm indicator - engine run-in - engine runs rough - engine runs roughly - engine shaft - engine shed - engine shield - engine shop - engine shorting-out - engine shutdown - engine sludge - engine snubber - engine speed - engine speed sensor - engine stability - engine stalls - engine start - engine starting system - engine starts per day - engine stroke - engine subframe - engine sump - engine sump well - engine support - engine temperature sensor - engine test stand - engine testing room - engine throttle - engine timing case - engine-to-cabin passthrough aperture - engine-transmission unit - engine torque - engine trends - engine trouble - engine tune-up - engine turning at peak revolution - engine under seat - engine unit - engine vacuum checking gauge - engine valve - engine varnish - engine vibration - engine wash - engine water inlet - engine water outlet - engine wear - engine weight - engine weight per horsepower - engine winterization system - engine with supercharger - engine wobble - engine works - engine yard - engine's flexibility - aero-engine - atmospheric engine - atmospheric steam engine - atomic engine - augmented engine - AV-1 engine - aviation engine - back-up engine - birotary engine - blast-injection diesel engine - blower-cooled engine - bored-out engine - boxer engine - bull engine - car engine - charge-cooled engine - crank engine - crankcase-scavenged engine - crude engine - crude-oil engine - diaphragm engine - diesel-electric engine - Diesel engine - Diesel engine with air cell - Diesel engine with antechamber - Diesel engine with direct injection - Diesel engine with mechanical injection - direct injection engine - divided-chamber engine - double-flow engine - double-overhead camshaft engine - drilling engine - driving engine - drop-valve engine - ducted-fan engine - duofuel engine - emergency engine - explosion engine - external combustion engine - external-internal combustion engine - F-head engine - failed engine - fan engine - federal engine - field engine - fire-engine - five-cylinder engine - fixed engine - flame engine - flat engine - flat-four engine - flat twin engine - flexibly mounted engine - forced-induction engine - four-cycle engine - four-cylinder engine - four-stroke engine - free-piston engine - free-piston gas generator engine - front-mounted engine - free-turbine engine - fuel-injection engine - full-load engine - gas engine - gas blowing engine - gas-power engine - gas-turbine engine - gasoline engine - geared engine - heat engine - heavy-duty engine - heavy-oil engine - high-by-pass-ratio turbofan engine - high-compression engine - high-efficiency engine - high-performance engine - high-power engine - high-speed engine - hoisting engine - hopped-up engine - horizontal engine - horizontally opposed engine - hot engine - hot-air engine - hot-bulb engine - hydrogen engine - I-head engine - in-line engine - inclined engine - indirect injection engine - individual-cylinder engine - industrial engine - inhibited engine - injection oil engine - injection-type engine - intercooled diesel engine - intermittent-cycle engine - internal combustion engine - inverted engine - inverted Vee-engine - jet engine - jet-propulsion engine - kerosene engine - knock test engine - L-head engine - launch engine - lean-burn engine - left-hand engine - lift engine - light engine - liquid-cooled engine - liquid propane engine - locomotive engine - longitudinal engine - long-stroke engine - low-compression engine - low-consumption engine - low-emission engine - low-performance engine - low-speed engine - marine engine - modular engine - monosoupape engine - motor engine - motor an engine round - motor-boat engine - motor-fire engine - motorcycle engine - motored engine - multibank engine - multicarburetor engine - multicrank engine - multicylinder engine - multifuel engine - multirow engine - naturally aspirated engine - non-compression engine - non-condensing engine - non-exhaust valve engine - non-poppet valve engine - non-reversible engine - nuclear engine - oil engine - oil-electric engine - oil well drilling engine - one-cylinder engine - operating engine - opposed engine - opposed cylinders engine - Otto engine - out-board engine - overcooled engine - overhead valve engine - oversquare engine - overstroke engine - pancake engine - paraffin engine - paraffine engine - petrol engine - Petter AV-1 Diesel engine - pilot engine - piston engine - piston blast engine - port engine - precombustion chamber engine - prime an engine - producer-gas engine - production engine - prototype engine - pumping engine - pushrod engine - quadruple-expansion engine - qual-cam engine - racing engine - radial engine - radial cylinder engine - radial second motion engine - railway engine - ram induction engine - ram-jet engine - reaction engine - rear-mounted engine - rebuilt engine - reciprocating engine - reciprocating piston engine - reconditioned engine - regenerative engine - regular engine - reheat engine - research-cylinder engine - reversible engine - reversing engine - right-hand engine - rocket engine - rotary engine - rough engine - row engine - run in an engine - scavenged gasoline engine - scavenging engine - sea-level engine - second-motion engine - self-ignition engine - semidiesel engine - series-wound engine - servo-engine - short-life engine - short-stroke engine - shorted-out engine - shunting engine - shunt-wound engine - side-by-side engine - side-valve engine - simple-expansion engine - single-acting engine - single-chamber rocket engine - single-cylinder engine - single-cylinder test engine - single-row engine - six-cylinder engine - skid engine - slanted engine - sleeve-valve engine - sleeveless engine - slide-valve engine - slope engine - slow-running engine - slow-speed engine - small-bore engine - small-displacement engine - solid-injection engine - spark-ignition engine - spark-ignition fuel-injection engine - split-compressor engine - square engine - square stroke engine - stalled engine - stand-by engine - start the engine cold - start the engine light - start the engine warm- hot- starting engine - static engine - stationary engine - steam engine - steering engine - Stirling engine - straight-eight engine - straight-line engine - straight-type engine - stratified charge engine - stripped engine - submersible engine - suction gas engine - supercharged engine - supercompression engine - supplementary engine - swash-plate engine - switching engine - tandem engine - tank engine - thermal engine - three-cylinder engine - traction engine - triple-expansion engine - tractor engine - transversally-mounted engine - truck engine - trunk-piston Diesel engine - turbine engine - turbo-jet engine - turbo-charged engine - turbo-compound engine - turbo-prop engine - turbo-ramjet engine - turbo-supercharged engine - turbocharged-and-aftercooled engine - turbofan engine - turboprop engine - twin engine - twin cam engine - twin crankshaft engine - twin six engine - two-bank engine - two-cycle engine - two-cylinder engine - two-spool engine - two-stroke engine - unblown engine - uncooled engine - underfloor engine - undersquare engine - uniflow engine - unsupercharged engine - uprated engine - V-engine - V-type engine - valve-in-the-head engine - valveless engine - vaporizer engine - vaporizing-oil engine - variable compression engine - variable-stroke engine - variable valve-timing engine - vee engine - vertical engine - vertical turn engine - vertical vortex engine - W-type engine - Wankel engine - warm engine - waste-heat engine - water-cooled engine - winding engine - windshield wiper engine - woolly-type engine - worn engine - X-engine - Y-engine - yard engine -
33 automation technologies
технологии для автоматизации
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[Интент]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Automation technologies: a strong focal point for our R&D
Технологии для автоматизации - одна из главных тем наших научно исследовательских разработок
Automation is an area of ABB’s business with an extremely high level of technological innovation.
Автоматика относится к одной из областей деятельности компании АББ, для которой характерен исключительно высокий уровень технических инноваций.
In fact, it may be seen as a showcase for exhibiting the frontiers of development in several of today’s emerging technologies, like short-range wireless communication and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
В определенном смысле ее можно уподобить витрине, в которой выставлены передовые разработки из области только еще зарождающихся технологий, примерами которых являются ближняя беспроводная связь и микроэлектромеханические системы (micro electromechanical systems MEMS).
Mechatronics – the synthesis of mechanics and electronics – is another very exciting and rapidly developing area, and the foundation on which ABB has built its highly successful, fast-growing robotics business.
Еще одной исключительно интересной быстро развивающейся областью и в то же время фундаментом, на котором АББ в последнее время строит свой исключительно успешный и быстро расширяющийся бизнес в области робототехники, является мехатроника - синтез механики с электроникой.
Robotic precision has now reached the levels we have come to expect of the watch-making industry, while robots’ mechanical capabilities continue to improve significantly.
Точность работы робототехнических устройств достигла сегодня уровней, которые мы привыкли ожидать только на предприятиях часовой промышленности. Большими темпами продолжают расти и механические возможности роботов.
Behind the scenes, highly sophisticated electronics and software control every move these robots make.
А за кулисами всеми перемещениями робота управляют сложные электронные устройства и компьютерные программы.
Throughout industry today we see a major shift of ‘intelligence’ to lower levels in the automation system hierarchy, leading to a demand for more communication within the system.
Во всех отраслях промышленности сегодня наблюдается интенсивный перенос "интеллекта" на нижние уровни иерархии автоматизированных систем, что требует дальнейшего развития внутрисистемных средств обмена.
‘Smart’ transmitters, with powerful microprocessors, memory chips and special software, carry out vital operations close to the processes they are monitoring.
"Интеллектуальные" датчики, снабженные высокопроизводительными микропроцессорами, мощными чипами памяти и специальным программно-математическим обеспечением, выполняют особо ответственные операции в непосредственной близости от контролируемых процессов.
And they capture and store data crucial for remote diagnostics and maintenance.
Они же обеспечивают возможность измерения и регистрации информации, крайне необходимой для дистанционной диагностики и дистанционного обслуживания техники.
The communication highway linking such systems is provided by fieldbuses.
В качестве коммуникационных магистралей, связывающих такого рода системы, служат промышленные шины fieldbus.
In an ideal world there would be no more than a few, preferably just one, fieldbus standard.
В идеале на промышленные шины должно было бы существовать небольшое количество, а лучше всего вообще только один стандарт.
However, there are still too many of them, so ABB has developed ‘fieldbus plugs’ that, with the help of translation, enable devices to communicate across different standards.
К сожалению, на деле количество их типов продолжает оставаться слишком разнообразным. Ввиду этой особенности рынка промышленных шин компанией АББ разработаны "штепсельные разъемы", которые с помощью средств преобразования обеспечивают общение различных устройств вопреки границам, возникшим из-за различий в стандартах.
This makes life easier as well as less costly for our customers. Every automation system is dependent on an electrical network for distributing – and interrupting, when necessary – the power needed to carry out its various functions.
Это, безусловно, не только облегчает, но и удешевляет жизнь нашим заказчикам. Ни одна система автоматики не может работать без сети, обеспечивающей подачу, а при необходимости и отключение напряжения, необходимого для выполнения автоматикой своих задач.
Here, too, we see a clear trend toward more intelligence and communication, for example in traditional electromechanical devices such as contactors and switches.
И здесь наблюдаются отчетливо выраженные тенденции к повышению уровня интеллектуальности и расширению возможностей связи, например, в таких традиционных электромеханических устройствах, как контакторы и выключатели.
We are pleased to see that our R&D efforts in these areas over the past few years are bearing fruit.
Мы с удовлетворением отмечаем, что научно-исследовательские разработки, выполненные нами за последние годы в названных областях, начинают приносить свои плоды.
Recently, we have seen a strong increase in the use of wireless technology in industry.
В последнее время на промышленных предприятиях наблюдается резкое расширение применения техники беспроводной связи.
This is a key R&D area at ABB, and several prototype applications have already been developed.
В компании АББ эта область также относится к числу одной из ключевых тем научно-исследовательских разработок, результатом которых стало создание ряда опытных образцов изделий практического направления.
At the international Bluetooth Conference in Amsterdam in June 2002, we presented a truly ‘wire-less’ proximity sensor – with even a wireless power supply.
На международной конференции по системам Bluetooth, состоявшейся в Амстердаме в июне 2002 г., наши специалисты выступили с докладом о поистине "беспроводном" датчике ближней локации, снабженном опять-таки "беспроводным" источником питания.
This was its second major showing after the launch at the Hanover Fair.
На столь крупном мероприятии это устройство демонстрировалось во второй раз после своего первого показа на Ганноверской торгово-промышленной ярмарке.
Advances in microelectronic device technology are also having a profound impact on the power electronics systems around which modern drive systems are built.
Достижения в области микроэлектроники оказывают также глубокое влияние на системы силовой электроники, лежащие в основе современных приводных устройств.
The ABB drive family ACS 800 is visible proof of this.
Наглядным тому доказательством может служить линейка блоков регулирования частоты вращения электродвигателей ACS-800, производство которой начато компанией АББ.
Combining advanced trench gate IGBT technology with efficient cooling and innovative design, this drive – for motors rated from 1.1 to 500 kW – has a footprint for some power ranges which is six times smaller than competing systems.
Предназначены они для двигателей мощностью от 1,1 до 500 кВт. В блоках применена новейшая разновидность приборов - биполярные транзисторы с изолированным желобковым затвором (trench gate IGBT) в сочетании с новыми конструктивными решениями, благодаря чему в отдельных диапазонах мощностей габариты блоков удалось снизить по сравнению с конкурирующими изделиями в шесть раз.
To get the maximum benefit out of this innovative drive solution we have also developed a new permanent magnet motor.
Стремясь с максимальной пользой использовать новые блоки регулирования, мы параллельно с ними разработали новый двигатель с постоянными магнитами.
It uses neodymium iron boron, a magnetic material which is more powerful at room temperature than any other known today.
В нем применен новый магнитный материал на основе неодима, железа и бора, характеристики которого при комнатной температуре на сегодняшний день не имеют себе равных.
The combination of new drive and new motor reduces losses by as much as 30%, lowering energy costs and improving sustainability – both urgently necessary – at the same time.
Совместное использование нового блока регулирования частоты вращения с новым двигателем снижает потери мощности до 30 %, что позволяет решить сразу две исключительно актуальные задачи:
сократить затраты на электроэнергию и повысить уровень безотказности.These innovations are utilized most fully, and yield the maximum benefit, when integrated by means of our Industrial IT architecture.
Потенциал перечисленных выше новых разработок используется в наиболее полной степени, а сами они приносят максимальную выгоду, если их интеграция осуществлена на основе нашей архитектуры IndustrialIT.
Industrial IT is a unique platform for exploiting the full potential of information technology in industrial applications.
IndustrialIT представляет собой уникальную платформу, позволяющую в максимальной степени использовать возможности информационных технологий применительно к задачам промышленности.
Consequently, our new products and technologies are Industrial IT Enabled, meaning that they can be integrated in the Industrial IT architecture in a ‘plug and produce’ manner.
Именно поэтому все наши новые изделия и технологии выпускаются в варианте, совместимом с архитектурой IndustrialIT, что означает их способность к интеграции с этой архитектурой по принципу "подключи и производи".
We are excited to present in this issue of ABB Review some of our R&D work and a selection of achievements in such a vital area of our business as Automation.
Мы рады представить в настоящем номере "АББ ревю" некоторые из наших научно-исследовательских разработок и достижений в такой жизненно важной для нашего бизнеса области, как автоматика.
R&D investment in our corporate technology programs is the foundation on which our product and system innovation is built.
Вклад наших разработок в общекорпоративные технологические программы группы АББ служит основой для реализации новых технических решений в создаваемых нами устройствах и системах.
Examples abound in the areas of control engineering, MEMS, wireless communication, materials – and, last but not least, software technologies. Enjoy reading about them.
[ABB Review]Это подтверждается многочисленными примерами из области техники управления, микроэлектромеханических систем, ближней радиосвязи, материаловедения и не в последнюю очередь программотехники. Хотелось бы пожелать читателю получить удовольствие от чтения этих материалов.
[Перевод Интент]
Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > automation technologies
-
34 actuator
- рукоятка, приводящая в действие некоторый механизм
- приводное устройство
- привод контактного аппарата
- привод
- орган управления
- механизм конечного выключателя, воздействующий на контакты
- исполнительный орган
- исполнительный механизм
- защелка (для фиксации сочленения розетки и плоского печатного проводника)
- воздействующее устройство
воздействующее устройство
источник сигнала
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
исполнительный механизм
Устройство для управления арматурой, предназначенное для перемещения регулирующего элемента в соответствии с командной информацией, поступающей от внешнего источника энергии.
[ ГОСТ Р 52720-2007]
исполнительный механизм
Механизм, являющийся функциональным блоком, предназначенным для управления исполнительным органом в соответствии с командной информацией.
Примечание. В системах автоматического регулирования сред исполнительный механизм предназначен для перемещения затвора регулирующего органа
[ ГОСТ 14691-69]
исполнительный механизм
Силовой механизм, используемый для движения машины и ее частей.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60204-1-2007]EN
(electric) actuator
device that produces a specified movement when excited by an electric signal
SOURCE: 351-18-46 MOD
[IEV ref 151-13-49]
actuator
In electrical engineering, the term actuator refers to a mechanism that causes a device to be turned on or off, adjusted or moved, usually in response to an electrical signal. In some literature the terms actor or effector are also used. The term “effector” is preferred by programmers, whereas engineers tend to favor “actuator.”
An example of an actuator is a motor that closes blinds in response to a signal from a sunlight detector.
Actuators enable computers to control complex manufacturing processes without human intervention or supervision.
[ABB. Glossary of technical terms. 2010]FR
actionneur (électrique), m
dispositif qui produit un mouvement spécifié en réponse à un signal électrique
SOURCE: 351-18-46 MOD
[IEV ref 151-13-49]Тематики
- арматура трубопроводная
- исполнительное устройство, механизм
- электробезопасность
EN
исполнительный орган
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
механизм конечного выключателя, воздействующий на контакты
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
орган управления
Частьсистемыаппарата управления, к которой прилагается извне усилие управления.
МЭК 60050(441-15-22).
Примечание. Орган управления может иметь форму рукоятки, ручки, нажимной кнопки, ролика, плунжера и т. п.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]
орган управления
Часть приводного механизма, к которой прикладывается внешняя сила воздействия.
Примечание - Орган управления может иметь форму ручки, кнопки, ролика, поршня и т.д.
[ ГОСТ Р 52726-2007]
орган управления
Часть системы привода, подвергаемая внешнему силовому воздействию.
Примечания
1. Орган управления может иметь форму ручки, рукоятки, нажимной кнопки, ролика, плунжера и т.д.
2. Есть несколько способов приведения в действие, которые не требуют внешнего силового воздействия, а только какого-либо действия.
[ГОСТ ЕН 1070-2003]
орган управления
Часть системы управления, которая предназначена непосредственно для воздействия оператором, например путем нажатия.
[ГОСТ Р ЕН 614-1-2003]
орган управления
Часть системы приведения в действие, которая принимает воздействие человека.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60447-2000]
орган управления
Часть системы приведения в действие, которая воспринимает воздействие человека (ГОСТ Р МЭК 60447).
Примечание
В настоящем стандарте орган управления в виде интерактивного экранного устройства отображения является частью этого устройства, которое представляет функцию органа управления.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60073-2000]
орган управления
Часть механизма прибора управления, на который оказывается вручную внешнее силовое воздействие.
Примечание.
Орган управления может иметь форму ручки, рукоятки, кнопки, ролика, плунжера и т.д.
Некоторые органы управления не требуют воздействия внешней силы, а только какого-либо действия.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60204-1-2007]
органы управления
Ручки, переключатели, потенциометры и другие органы, служащие для включения и регулировки аппаратуры. Термин относится преимущественно к аналоговым приборам.
[Система неразрушающего контроля. Виды (методы) и технология неразрушающего контроля. Термины и определения (справочное пособие). Москва 2003 г.]
орган управления
-
[IEV number 442-04-14]
средства оперирования
-
[Интент]EN
actuator
the part of the actuating system to which an external actuating force is applied
NOTE – The actuator may take the form of a handle, knob, push-button, roller, plunger, etc.
[IEV number 441-15-22]
actuator
part of a device to which an external manual action is to be applied
NOTE 1 The actuator may take the form of a handle, knob, push-button, roller, plunger, etc.
NOTE 2 There are some actuating means that do not require an external actuating force, but only an action.
NOTE 3 See also 3.34.
[IEC 60204-1 -2005]
actuating member
a part which is pulled, pushed, turned or otherwise moved to cause an operation of the switch
[IEV number 442-04-14]FR
organe de commande
partie du mécanisme transmetteur à laquelle un effort extérieur de manoeuvre est appliqué
NOTE – L'organe de commande peut prendre la forme d'une poignée, d'un bouton, d'un bouton-poussoir, d'une roulette, d'un plongeur, etc.
[IEV number 441-15-22]
organe de manoeuvre
partie qui est tirée, poussée, tournée ou manipulée de toute autre façon pour provoquer le fonctionnement de l'interrupteur
[IEV number 442-04-14]
Аппарат должен оставаться механически действующим. Не допускается сваривание контактов, препятствующее операции размыкания при использовании нормальных средств оперирования.
[ГОСТ Р 50030.3-99 (МЭК 60947-3-99) ]
ВДТ следует оперировать как при нормальной эксплуатации. Операции размыкания должны проводиться в следующем порядке:
для первых 1000 циклов — с использованием ручных средств оперирования;...
[ ГОСТ Р 51326. 1-99 ( МЭК 61008-1-96)]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
The operating means (for example, a handle) of the supply disconnecting device shall be easily accessible and located between 0,6 m and 1,9 m above the servicing level.
[IEC 60204-1-2006]Органы управления, например, рукоятки аппаратов отключения питания, должны быть легко доступны и располагаться на высоте от 0,6 до 1,9 м от рабочей площадки.
[Перевод Интент]Where the external operating means is not intended for emergency operations, it is recommended that it be coloured BLACK or GREY.
[IEC 60204-1-2006]Если внешние средства оперирования не предназначены для выполнения действий при возникновении аварийных ситуаций, то рекомендуется, применять такие средства ЧЕРНОГО или СЕРОГО цвета.
[Перевод Интент]1.2.2. Control devices
Control devices must be:
— clearly visible and identifiable and appropriately marked where necessary,
— positioned for safe operation without hesitation or loss of time, and without ambiguity,
— designed so that the movement of the control is consistent with its effect,
— located outside the danger zones, except for certain controls where necessary, such as emergency stop, console for training of robots,
— positioned so that their operation cannot cause additional risk,
— designed or protected so that the desired effect, where a risk is involved, cannot occur without an intentional operation,
— made so as to withstand foreseeable strain; particular attention must be paid to emergency stop devices liable to be subjected to considerable strain.1.2.2. Органы управления
Органы управления должны быть:
- четко видны, хорошо различимы и, где это необходимо, иметь соответствующее обозначение;
- расположены так, чтобы ими можно было пользоваться без возникновения сомнений и потерь времени на выяснение их назначения;
- сконструированы так, чтобы перемещение органа управления согласовывалось с их воздействием;
- расположены вне опасных зон; исключение, где это необходимо, делается для определенных средств управления, таких, как средство экстренной остановки, пульт управления роботом;
- расположены так, чтобы их использование не вызывало дополнительных рисков;
- сконструированы или защищены так, чтобы в случаях, где возможно возникновение рисков, они не могли бы возникнуть без выполнения намеренных действий;
- сделаны так, чтобы выдерживать предполагаемую нагрузку; при этом особое внимание уделяется органам аварийного останова, которые могут подвергаться значительным нагрузкам.Where a control is designed and constructed to perform several different actions, namely where there is no one-to-one correspondence (e.g. keyboards, etc.), the action to be performed must be clearly displayed and subject to confirmation where necessary.
Если орган управления предназначен для выполнения разных действий, например, если в качестве органа управления используется клавиатура или аналогичное устройство, то должна выводиться четкая информация о предстоящем действии, и, если необходимо, должно выполняться подтверждение на выполнение такого действия.
Controls must be so arranged that their layout, travel and resistance to operation are compatible with the action to be performed, taking account of ergonomic principles.
Органы управления должны быть организованы таким образом, чтобы их расположение, перемещение их элементов и усилие, которое оператор затрачивает на их перемещение, соответствовали выполняемым операциям и принципам эргономики.
Constraints due to the necessary or foreseeable use of personal protection equipment (such as footwear, gloves, etc.) must be taken into account.
Необходимо учитывать скованность движений операторов при использовании необходимых или предусмотренных средств индивидуальной защиты (таких, как специальная обувь, перчатки и др.).
Machinery must be fitted with indicators (dials, signals, etc.) as required for safe operation. The operator must be able to read them from the control position.
Для обеспечения безопасной эксплуатации машинное оборудование должно быть оснащено индикаторами (циферблатами, устройствами сигнализации и т. д.). Оператор должен иметь возможность считывать их с места управления.
From the main control position the operator must be able to ensure that there are no exposed persons in the danger zones.
Находясь в главном пункте управления, оператор должен иметь возможность контролировать отсутствие незащищенных лиц.
If this is impossible, the control system must be designed and constructed so that an acoustic and/ or visual warning signal is given whenever the machinery is about to start.
Если это невозможно, то система управления должна быть разработана и изготовлена так, чтобы перед каждым пуском машинного оборудования подавался звуковой и/или световой предупредительный сигнал.
The exposed person must have the time and the means to take rapid action to prevent the machinery starting up.
[DIRECTIVE 98/37/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL]
Незащищенное лицо должно иметь достаточно времени и средств для быстрого предотвращения пуска машинного оборудования.
[Перевод Интент]
Тематики
- автоматизация, основные понятия
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
- безопасность машин и труда в целом
- выключатель автоматический
- выключатель, переключатель
- высоковольтный аппарат, оборудование...
- электробезопасность
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
- actuating member
- actuator
- command unit
- control
- control device
- controller
- controls
- operating control
- operating means
DE
FR
привод
Устройство для приведения в действие машин и механизмов.
Примечание
Привод состоит из источника энергии, механизма для передачи энергии (движения) и аппаратуры управления. Источником энергии служит двигатель (тепловой, электрический, пневматический, гидравлический и др.) или устройство, отдающее заранее накопленную механическую энергию (пружинный, инерционный, гиревой механизм и др.). В некоторых случаях привод осуществляется за счет мускульной силы. По характеру распределения энергии различают групповой, индивидуальный и многодвигательный привод. По назначению привод машин разделяют на стационарный, т.е. установленный неподвижно на раме или фундаменте; передвижной, используемый на движущихся рабочих машинах; транспортный, применяемый для различных транспортных средств. В производстве применяются также гидропривод машин и пневмопривод.
[РД 01.120.00-КТН-228-06]
привод
Устройство для приведения в действие машин, состоящее из двигателя, механизма передачи и системы управления
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
EN
DE
FR
привод контактного аппарата
Устройство, предназначенное для создания или передачи силы, воздействующей на подвижные части контактного аппарата для выполнения функции этого аппарата.
[ ГОСТ 17703-72]
привод
Устройство, предназначенное для создания и передачи силы, воздействующей на подвижные части выключателя для выполнения его функций, а также для удержания выключателя в конечном положении.
[ ГОСТ Р 52565-2006]Приводы являются аппаратами для включения и удержания во включенном положении, а также отключения коммутационных аппаратов (масляного выключателя, выключателя нагрузки или разъединителя).
С помощью приводов осуществляется ручное, автоматическое и дистанционное управление коммутационными аппаратами.
По роду используемой энергии приводы разделяются- на ручные,
- пружинные,
- электромагнитные,
- электродвигательные,
- пневматические.
По роду действия приводы бывают
- прямого действия
- косвенного действия.
В приводах прямого действия движение включающего устройства передается непосредственно на приводной механизм выключателя в момент подачи импульса от источника энергии. Такие приводы потребляют большое количество энергии.
В приводах косвенного действия энергия, необходимая для включения, предварительно запасается в специальных устройствах: маховиках, пружинах, грузах и т. д.
[Цигельман И. Е. Электроснабжение гражданских зданий и коммунальных предприятий: Учеб. для электромеханич. спец. техникумов. - М.: Высш. шк. 1988.]
Приводы служат для включения, удержания во включенном положении и отключения разъединителей и выключателей.
Основные требования, предъявляемые к приводу выключателя, состоят в том, что каждый привод должен развивать мощность, достаточную для включения выключателя при самых тяжелых условиях работы (включение на короткое замыкание, пониженное напряжение питания), и быть быстродействующим, т. е. производить включение за весьма малый промежуток времени. При медленном включении на существующее в сети КЗ возможно приваривание контактов.
При включении выключателя совершается большая работа по преодолению сопротивления отключающих пружин, сопротивления упругих частей контактов, трения в механизме, сопротивления масла движению подвижных частей выключателя, электродинамических сил, препятствующих включению, и др.
При отключении привод выключателя совершает небольшую работу, необходимую только для освобождения запорного механизма, так как отключение выключателя происходит под действием его отключающих пружин.
В зависимости от рода энергии, используемой для включения, приводы разделяются на ручные, грузовые, пружинно-грузовые, пружинные, электромагнитные, пневматические и гидравлические.
К наиболее простым относятся ручные приводы, не требующие специального источника электроэнергии для подготовки операции включения. Однако эти приводы имеют ряд существенных недостатков: не позволяют осуществлять дистанционное включение, не могут быть применены в схемах АВР (автоматического включения резерва) и АПВ (автоматического повторного включения), требуют приложения значительной мускульной силы оператора и не позволяют получить высокие скорости подвижных контактов выключателя, необходимые при больших токах КЗ.
Более совершенными, имеющими большие возможности, но в то же время и более сложными являются грузовые и пружинные приводы, которые обеспечивают значительно более высокие скорости включения выключателя по сравнению с ручными. Это в свою очередь позволяет увеличить включающую способность выключателя. Грузовые и пружинные приводы включают выключатель за счет заранее накопленной энергии поднятого груза или заведенной пружины. Накопление достаточного количества энергии может производиться в течение сравнительно большого промежутка времени (десятки секунд), поэтому мощность электродвигателей таких приводов может быть небольшой (0,1—0.3 кВт).
Электромагнитные приводы включают выключатель за счет энергии включающего электромагнита. Электромагнитные приводы предназначены для работы на постоянном токе. Питание их осуществляют от аккумуляторных батарей или выпрямителей. По способу питания энергией приводы подразделяют на две группы: прямого и косвенного действия.
У приводов прямого действия энергия, расходуемая на включение, сообщается приводу во время процесса включения. К приводам прямого действия относятся ручные с использованием мускульной силы человека и электромагнитные или соленоидные приводы. Работа приводов косвенного действия основана на предварительно запасаемой энергии. К таким приводам относятся грузовые, пружинно-грузовые и пружинные приводы, а также пневматические и гидравлические. Последние два типа приводов не нашли широкого применения для выключателей 6—10 кВ и поэтому нами не рассматриваются.
Приводы прямого действия по конструкции более просты по сравнению с приводами косвенного действия, и в этом их преимущество. Однако поскольку приводы прямого действия питаются от источника энергии непосредственно во время процесса включения выключателя, то потребляемая ими мощность во много раз больше, чем у приводов косвенного действия. Это — существенный недостаток приводов прямого действия.
Ко всем приводам выключателей предъявляют требование наличия механизма свободного расцепления, т. е. возможности освобождения выключателя от связи с удерживающим и заводящим механизмами привода при срабатывании отключающего устройства и отключения выключателя под действием своих отключающих пружин. Современные приводы имеют свободное расцепление почти на всем ходу контактов, т. е. практически в любой момент от начала включения может произойти отключение. Это особенно важно при включении на КЗ. В этом случае отключение произойдет в первый же момент возникновения дуги, что предотвратит опасность сильного оплавления и сваривания контактов.[http://forca.ru/stati/podstancii/privody-razediniteley-i-maslyanyh-vyklyuchateley-6-10-kv-i-ih-remont.html]
Тематики
- выключатель, переключатель
- высоковольтный аппарат, оборудование...
Классификация
>>>Синонимы
EN
Смотри также
рукоятка, приводящая в действие некоторый механизм
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[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
3.3.15 орган управления (actuator): Часть системы управления, к которой прилагают извне усилие управления.
Примечание- Орган управления может иметь форму рукоятки, нажимной кнопки и т.д.
Источник: ГОСТ Р 51731-2010: Контакторы электромеханические бытового и аналогичного назначения оригинал документа
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > actuator
35 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.————————————————————————————————————————36 knock
1. transitive verb2) (make by striking) schlagenknock a hole in something — ein Loch in etwas (Akk.) schlagen
3) (drive by striking) schlagenknock somebody's brains out — jemandem den Schädel einschlagen
I'd like to knock their heads together — (lit.) ich könnte ihre Köpfe gegeneinander schlagen; (fig.): (reprove them) ich möchte ihnen mal gehörig die Leviten lesen
4)knock somebody on the head — jemandem eins über od. auf den Schädel geben
knock something on the head — (fig.): (put an end to) einer Sache (Dat.) ein Ende setzen
2. intransitive verbdon't knock it — halt dich zurück
2) (seek admittance) klopfen (at an + Akk.)3. noun1) (rap) Klopfen, dasthere was a knock on or at the door — es klopfte an der Tür
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/41097/knock_about">knock about- knock up* * *[nok] 1. verb1) (to make a sharp noise by hitting or tapping, especially on a door etc to attract attention: Just then, someone knocked at the door.) klopfen2) (to cause to move, especially to fall, by hitting (often accidentally): She knocked a vase on to the floor while she was dusting.) herunterstoßen3) (to put into a certain state or position by hitting: He knocked the other man senseless.) schlagen4) ((often with against, on) to strike against or bump into: She knocked against the table and spilt his cup of coffee; I knocked my head on the car door.) stoßen2. noun1) (an act of knocking or striking: She gave two knocks on the door; He had a nasty bruise from a knock he had received playing football.) der Schlag2) (the sound made by a knock, especially on a door etc: Suddenly they heard a loud knock.) das Klopfen•- knocker- knock-kneed
- knock about/around
- knock back
- knock down
- knock off
- knock out
- knock over
- knock up
- get knocked up* * *[nɒk, AM nɑ:k]I. nto give a \knock [at [or on] the door] an der Tür klopfenthere was a \knock on the door es hat [an der Tür] geklopftcan you give me a \knock in the morning? könntest du morgen früh an meiner Tür klopfen?she heard a \knock sie hat es klopfen hörenhe received a nasty \knock on the head er bekam einen bösen Schlag auf den Kopfto be able to withstand \knocks stoßsicher seinthe table has had a few \knocks der Tisch hat schon ein paar Schrammen abbekommento be able to take a lot of \knocks viel einstecken könnenthe school of hard \knocks eine harte Schuleshe has learned everything in the school of hard \knocks sie ist [im Leben] durch eine harte Schule gegangenII. vi1. (strike noisily) klopfena rope \knocked against the side of the ship ein Seil schlug gegen die Schiffswandto \knock at the door/on the window an die Tür/ans Fenster klopfensb's knees are \knocking jdm schlottern die Knie fam2. (collide with) stoßen▪ to \knock into/against sth gegen etw stoßen, etw rammen▪ to \knock into sb mit jdm zusammenstoßento be \knocking on 40/50/60 auf die 40/50/60 zugehen5.▶ to \knock on wood AM, AUS dreimal auf Holz klopfenIII. vt1. (hit)he \knocked my arm er stieß gegen meinen ArmI \knocked my knee at the door ich habe mir mein Knie an der Tür angestoßenshe \knocked the glass off the table sie stieß gegen das Glas und es fiel vom Tisch2. (blow)the blow \knocked him flat der Schlag haute ihn umto \knock sb to the ground jdn zu Boden werfento \knock sb on the head jdm an den Kopf schlagento \knock sb's self-esteem jds Selbstbewusstsein anschlagen [o einen Knacks geben3. (drive, demolish)▪ to \knock sth out of sb jdm etw austreibensomeone should \knock some of the arrogance out of him jemand sollte ihn von seinem hohen Ross herunterholento \knock some [or a bit of] sense into sb jdn zur Vernunft bringento \knock the bottom out of sth etw zusammenbrechen lassento \knock a hole into the wall ein Loch in die Wand schlagento \knock a nail into the wall einen Nagel in die Wand schlagenthey \knocked two rooms into one sie haben die Wand zwischen zwei Zimmern eingerissen▪ to \knock sb/sth jdn/etw schlechtmachendon't \knock it till you've tried it mach es nicht schon runter, bevor du es überhaupt ausprobiert hast fam5.okay, son, go and \knock 'em dead! also los, Junge, geh und zeig's ihnen! fam▶ to \knock sth on the head BRIT, AUS (stop sth) etw dat ein Ende bereiten [o fam abblasen]; (complete sth) etw zu Ende bringenby midnight we were all tired and \knocked it on the head um Mitternacht waren wir alle total müde und haben Schluss gemacht▶ to \knock an plan/idea on the head BRIT, AUS einen Plan/Gedanken verwerfen▶ to \knock [the] spots off sb/sth BRIT jdn/etw in den Schatten stellen [o fam in die Tasche stecken]; SPORT jdn/etw um Längen schlagenIV. interj“\knock \knock” „klopf, klopf“* * *[nɒk]1. nto get a knock — einen Stoß/Schlag abbekommen
the car took a few knocks — mit dem Auto hat es ein paar Mal gebumst (inf)
2) (= noise) Klopfen nt no pl, Pochen nt no pl (liter); (in engine) Klopfen nt no pl, Klopfgeräusch ntto take a knock (self-confidence, pride etc) — erschüttert werden; (reputation) geschädigt werden; (person)
the company took a bit of a knock as a result of the tax changes — die Steuerreform hat der Firma einen Schlag versetzt
2. vt1) (= hit, strike) stoßen; (with hand, tool, racket etc) schlagen; one's knee, head etc anschlagen, anstoßen (on an +dat); (= nudge, jolt) stoßen gegen; (= collide with car, driver) rammento knock one's head/elbow etc — sich (dat) den Kopf/Ellbogen etc anschlagen or anstoßen
he knocked his foot against the table — er stieß mit dem Fuß gegen den Tisch
to knock sb on the head —
that knocked his idea on the head ( Brit inf ) — damit konnte er sich die Idee aus dem Kopf schlagen (inf)
I decided to knock it on the head ( Brit inf ) — ich beschloss, der Sache (dat) ein Ende zu machen
the plan wasn't working so we knocked it on the head ( Brit inf ) — der Plan klappte nicht, also ließen wir ihn fallen
to knock sb unconscious — jdn bewusstlos werden lassen; (person) jdn bewusstlos schlagen
to knock sb dead (fig inf) — jdn umhauen (inf)
we knocked the two rooms into one — wir verbanden die beiden Zimmer indem wir die Verbindungswand abrissen
to knock sb/sth out of the way — jdn/etw beiseitestoßen
he knocked it as he went past — er ist beim Vorbeigehen dagegengestoßen; (deliberately) er hat ihm/ihr etc beim Vorbeigehen einen Stoß versetzt or gegeben
watch you don't knock your glass off the table — pass auf, dass du dein Glas nicht vom Tisch stößt
he was knocked sideways by it (fig inf) — es haute ihn um (inf)
confidence in the legal system has been knocked sideways (inf) — das Vertrauen in das Rechtssystem hat schwer gelitten
if you haven't tried it, don't knock it — verurteile es doch nicht, wenn du es noch nie versucht hast
3. vito knock at or on the door — an die Tür klopfen, anklopfen
opportunity was or came knocking at his door —
he is knocking on the door of the England team — er wird als Anwärter für die englische Nationalmannschaft gehandelt
2) (= bump, collide) stoßen (into, against gegen)3)4. interjknock knock! — klopf, klopf
* * *A s1. a) Schlag m, Stoß m:he can take a knock or two er kann einen Puff vertragen umgb) fig (Tief)Schlag m:2. Klopfen n, Pochen n:give a double knock zweimal klopfen;open to sb’s knock auf jemandes Klopfen öffnen3. AUTO Klopfen n4. meist pl umg Kritik fB v/t1. schlagen, stoßen:knock to the ground zu Boden schlagen;a) bewusstlos schlagen,b) totschlagen;knock one’s head against sich den Kopf anschlagen an (dat);knock one’s head against a brick wall fig mit dem Kopf gegen die Wand rennen;knock sb into the middle of next week umg jemanden fertigmachen;knock some sense into sb jemandem den Kopf zurechtsetzen;he’s knocked £5 off the bill (for us) umg er hat (uns) 5 Pfund von der Rechnung nachgelassen; → cold A 12, head Bes Redew2. schlagen, klopfen:knock into shape in Form bringen3. umg heruntermachen umg, schlechtmachen, kritisieren4. umgb) jemanden schockenC v/i1. schlagen, pochen, klopfen:“please knock before entering” „bitte (an)klopfen“2. schlagen, prallen, stoßen ( alle:against, into gegen;on auf akk)4. TECHa) rattern, rütteln (Maschine)b) klopfen (Motor, Brennstoff)* * *1. transitive verb2) (make by striking) schlagenknock a hole in something — ein Loch in etwas (Akk.) schlagen
3) (drive by striking) schlagenI'd like to knock their heads together — (lit.) ich könnte ihre Köpfe gegeneinander schlagen; (fig.): (reprove them) ich möchte ihnen mal gehörig die Leviten lesen
4)knock somebody on the head — jemandem eins über od. auf den Schädel geben
2. intransitive verbknock something on the head — (fig.): (put an end to) einer Sache (Dat.) ein Ende setzen
2) (seek admittance) klopfen (at an + Akk.)3. noun1) (rap) Klopfen, dasthere was a knock on or at the door — es klopfte an der Tür
Phrasal Verbs:- knock up* * *n.Klopfen -reien n.Schlag -¨e m.Stoß ¨-e m. (at) v.klopfen (an) v.schlagen v.(§ p.,pp.: schlug, geschlagen)stoßen v.(§ p.,pp.: stieß, gestossen)37 two
1238 work
A n1 ( physical or mental activity) travail m (on sur) ; to be at work on sth être en train de travailler à qch ; to watch sb at work regarder qn (en train de) travailler ; to go to ou set to ou get to work se mettre au travail ; to go to ou set to ou get to work on sth se mettre à travailler à or faire qch ; to set to work doing se mettre à faire ; to put a lot of work into travailler [essay, speech] ; passer beaucoup de temps sur [meal, preparations] ; to put a lot of work into doing passer beaucoup de temps à faire ; to put ou set sb to work faire travailler qn ; we put him to work doing nous lui avons donné pour tâche de faire ; it was hard work doing ça a été dur de faire ; to be hard at work travailler consciencieusement ; your essay needs more work tu dois travailler davantage ta rédaction ; there's still a lot of work to be done il reste encore beaucoup à faire ; I've got work to do j'ai du travail à faire ; to make short ou light work of sth expédier qch ; to make short work of sb envoyer promener qn ; it's all in a day's work c'est une question d'habitude ; ‘good ou nice work’ ( on written work) ‘bon travail’ ; ( orally) ‘c'est bien!’ ; it's hot/thirsty work ça donne chaud/soif ;2 ( occupation) travail m ; to be in work avoir du travail or un emploi ; to look for work chercher du travail ; day/night work travail de jour/nuit ; place of work lieu m de travail ; to start ou begin work ( daily) commencer le travail ; ( for the first time) commencer à travailler ; to stop work ( at the end of the day) terminer son travail ; ( on retirement) cesser de travailler ; to be off work ( on vacation) être en congé ; to be off work with flu être en arrêt de travail parce qu'on a la grippe ; to be out of work être au chômage ; nice work if you can get it ○ ! c'est une bonne planque ○ ! ;3 ( place of employment) ( office) bureau m ; ( factory) usine f ; to go to work aller au travail ; don't phone me at work ne me téléphone pas à mon travail ; there's a canteen at work il y a une cantine à mon travail ;4 (building, construction) travaux mpl (on sur) ;5 ( papers) to take one's work home lit emporter du travail chez soi ; fig ramener ses soucis professionnels à sa famille ; spread your work out on the table étale tes papiers sur la table ;6 (achievement, product) (essay, report) travail m ; (artwork, novel, sculpture) œuvre f (by de) ; ( study) ouvrage m (by de ; on sur) ; an exhibition of work by young artists une exposition d'œuvres de jeunes artistes ; he sells his work to tourists il vend ses créations aux touristes ; is this all your own work? est-ce que vous l'avez fait tout seul? ; to mark students' work noter les devoirs des étudiants ; his work isn't up to standard son travail n'a pas le niveau requis ; the research was the work of a team la recherche était l'œuvre d'une équipe ; a work of genius une œuvre de génie ; a work of fiction une œuvre de fiction ; a work of reference un ouvrage de référence ; this attack is the work of professionals l'attaque est l'œuvre de professionnels ; I hope you're pleased with your work! iron j'espère que tu es fier de ton œuvre! iron ; the works of Shakespeare/Flaubert l'œuvre m de Shakespeare/Flaubert ;7 Phys travail m ;8 ( research) recherches fpl (on sur) ; there is still a lot of work to be done on the virus il y a encore beaucoup de recherches à faire sur le virus ;9 ( effect) to go to work [drug, detergent] agir ; the weedkiller has done its work l'herbicide a été efficace.3 ○ ( everything) the (full ou whole) works toute la panoplie ○.D vtr1 ( drive) to work sb hard surmener qn ;2 ( labour) to work shifts travailler en équipes (de travail posté) ; to work days/nights travailler de jour/de nuit ; to work one's passage Naut travailler pour payer son voyage ; to work one's way through university travailler pour payer ses études ; to work one's way through a book/document lire un livre/document ; to work a 40 hour week faire la semaine de 40 heures ;3 ( operate) se servir de [computer, equipment, lathe] ;4 ( exploit commercially) exploiter [oil-field, land, mine, seam] ;5 ( have as one's territory) [representative] couvrir [region] ; beggars/prostitutes work the streets around the station les mendiants/prostituées occupent les rues autour de la gare ;6 ( consume) to work one's way through ( use) utiliser [amount, quantity] ; to work one's way through two whole cakes manger deux gâteaux entiers ;7 ( bring about) to work wonders/miracles lit, fig faire des merveilles/miracles ; the landscape started to work its magic on me la magie du paysage a commencé à faire effet ;8 ( use to one's advantage) to work the system profiter du système ; can you work it for me to get tickets? peux-tu t'arranger pour m'avoir des billets? ; how did you manage to work it? comment as-tu pu arranger ça? ; I've worked things so that… j'ai arrangé les choses de sorte que… (+ subj) ;9 ( fashion) travailler [clay, dough, gold, iron] ; to work sth to a soft consistency travailler qch pour le rendre malléable ; to work gold into jewellery travailler l'or pour en faire des bijoux ;11 ( manoeuvre) to work sth into introduire qch dans [slot, hole] ; to work a lever up and down actionner un levier ;12 ( exercise) faire travailler [muscles, biceps] ;13 ( move) to work one's way through se frayer un passage à travers [crowd] ; to work one's way along avancer le long de [ledge, sill] ; to work one's hands free se libérer les mains ; to work the rope loose desserrer la corde ; it worked its way loose, it worked itself loose il s'est desserré peu à peu ; to work its way into passer dans [bloodstream, system, food, chain] ; start at the top and work your way down commencez par le haut et continuez jusqu'en bas.E vi1 ( engage in activity) travailler (doing à faire) ; to work at the hospital/the factory travailler à l'hôpital/l'usine ; to work at home travailler à domicile ; to work as a midwife/teacher travailler comme sage-femme/professeur ; to work for sb travailler pour qn ; to work for Grant and Company travailler pour la Société Grant ; to work in advertising/publishing travailler dans la publicité/l'édition ; to work with young people travailler avec les jeunes ; to work for a living gagner sa vie ; to work in oils/watercolours [artist] travailler à l'huile/l'aquarelle ;2 ( strive) lutter (against contre ; for pour ; to do pour faire) ; to work against corruption lutter contre la corruption ; to work towards se diriger vers [solution] ; s'acheminer vers [compromise] ; négocier [agreement] ;3 ( function) [equipment, machine] fonctionner, marcher ; [institution, system, heart, brain] fonctionner ; to work on electricity/on gas marcher or fonctionner à l'électricité/au gaz ; to work off the mains marcher sur le secteur ; the washing machine isn't working la machine à laver est en panne or ne marche pas ;4 (act, operate) it doesn't ou things don't work like that ça ne marche pas comme ça ; to work on the assumption that présumer que ; to work in sb's favour, to work to sb's advantage tourner à l'avantage de qn ; to work against sb, to work to sb's disadvantage jouer en la défaveur de qn ;5 ( be successful) [treatment] avoir de l'effet ; [detergent, drug] agir (against contre ; on sur) ; [spell] agir ; [plan, plot] réussir ; [argument, hypothesis] tenir debout ; flattery won't work with me la flatterie ne marche pas avec moi ; the adaptation really works l'adaptation est vraiment réussie ; I didn't think the novel would work as a film je ne pensais pas qu'on pouvait tirer un bon film de ce roman ;6 ( move) [face, features] se contracter.F v refl2 ( rouse) to work oneself into a rage se mettre en colère ; to work oneself into a frenzy ( with anger) se mettre en rage ; ( with hysteria) devenir hystérique.to work one's way up gravir tous les échelons ; to work one's way up the company faire son chemin dans l'entreprise.■ work around:▶ work around to [sth] aborder [subject] ; it took him ages to work around to what he wanted to say il lui a fallu un temps fou pour exprimer ce qu'il avait à dire ; to work the conversation around to sth faire tourner la conversation autour de qch ; to work around to telling sb sth parvenir à dire qch à qn.■ work in:▶ work in [sth], work [sth] in2 Culin incorporer [ingredient].■ work off:▶ work [sth] off, work off [sth]2 ( repay) travailler pour rembourser [loan, debt] ;3 ( get rid of) se débarrasser de [excess weight] ; dépenser [excess energy] ; passer [anger, frustration].■ work on:▶ work on continuer à travailler ;▶ work on [sb] travailler ○ ;▶ work on [sth] travailler à [book, report] ; travailler sur [project] ; s'occuper de [case, problem] ; chercher [cure, solution] ; examiner [idea, theory] ; I'm working on a way of doing je cherche une façon de faire ; ‘have you found a solution?’-‘I'm working on it’ ‘as-tu trouvé une solution?’-‘j'y réfléchis’ ; he's working on his French il travaille son français ; we've got no clues to work on nous n'avons aucun indice.■ work out:▶ work out1 ( exercise) s'entraîner ;2 ( go according to plan) [plan, marriage] marcher ; I hope things work out for them j'espère que ça marchera pour eux ;▶ work out [sth], work [sth] out1 ( calculate) calculer [answer, average, total] ;2 ( solve) trouver [answer, reason, culprit] ; résoudre [riddle, problem] ; comprendre [clue] ; to work out why/when/where comprendre pourquoi/quand/où ; to work out what sth means comprendre qch ;4 Admin to work out one's notice faire son mois de préavis ;5 ( exhaust) épuiser [mine, soil] ;▶ work [sb] out comprendre ; I can't work her out je ne la comprendrai jamais.■ work over ○:▶ work [sb] over passer [qn] à tabac ○.■ work to:▶ work to [sth] s'astreindre à [budget] ; to work to deadlines travailler avec des objectifs ; to work to tight deadlines avoir des délais très serrés.■ work up:▶ work up [sth] développer [interest] ; accroître [support] ; to work up the courage to do trouver le courage de faire ; to work up some enthusiasm for s'enthousiasmer pour ; to work up an appetite s'ouvrir l'appétit ;▶ work up to [sth] se préparer à [announcement, confession, confrontation] ; the music is working up to a climax la musique va crescendo pour finir en apothéose ;▶ work up [sb], work [sb] up1 ( excite) exciter [child, crowd] ; to work sb up into a frenzy rendre qn énervé ; to work sb up into a rage mettre qn en colère ;2 ( annoy) énerver ; to get worked up s'énerver ; to work oneself up s'énerver ; to work oneself up into a state se mettre dans tous ses états ; to get oneself all worked up over ou about se mettre dans tous ses états au sujet de.39 line
I 1.[laɪn]noun[fishing-]line — [Angel]schnur, die
2) (telephone or telegraph cable) Leitung, dieour company has 20 lines — unsere Firma hat 20 Anschlüsse
get me a line to Washington — verbinden Sie mich mit Washington
3) (long mark; also Math., Phys.) Linie, die; (less precise or shorter) Strich, der; (Telev.) Zeile, die5) (boundary) Linie, dielay something on the line [for somebody] — [jemandem] etwas rundheraus sagen
line of trees — Baumreihe, die
bring somebody into line — dafür sorgen, dass jmd. nicht aus der Reihe tanzt (ugs.)
come or fall into line — sich in die Reihe stellen; [Gruppe:] sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (fig.) nicht mehr aus der Reihe tanzen (ugs.)
be in line [with something] — [mit etwas] in einer Linie liegen
be in/out of line with something — (fig.) mit etwas in/nicht in Einklang stehen
7) (row of words on a page) Zeile, diehe gave the boy 100 lines — (Sch.) er ließ den Jungen 100 Zeilen abschreiben
8) (system of transport) Linie, die[shipping] line — Schifffahrtslinie, die
on the lines of — nach Art (+ Gen.)
be on the right/wrong lines — in die richtige/falsche Richtung gehen
along or on the same lines — in der gleichen Richtung
line of thought — Gedankengang, der
take a strong line with somebody — jemandem gegenüber bestimmt od. energisch auftreten
line of action — Vorgehensweise, die
the Waterloo line, the line to Waterloo — die Linie nach Waterloo
this is the end of the line [for you] — (fig.) dies ist das Aus [für dich]
12) (wrinkle) Falte, diewhat's your line? — in welcher Branche sind Sie?/was ist Ihre Fachrichtung?
be in the line of duty/business — zu den Pflichten/zum Geschäft gehören
15) (Fashion) Linie, die2. transitive verbenemy lines — feindliche Stellungen od. Linien
1) (mark with lines) linieren [Papier]2) (stand at intervals along) säumen (geh.) [Straße, Strecke]Phrasal Verbs:- line upII transitive verbfüttern [Kleidungsstück]; auskleiden [Magen, Nest]; ausschlagen [Schublade usw.]line one's pockets — (fig.) sich (Dat.) die Taschen füllen
* * *I 1. noun1) ((a piece of) thread, cord, rope etc: She hung the washing on the line; a fishing-rod and line.) die Leine2) (a long, narrow mark, streak or stripe: She drew straight lines across the page; a dotted/wavy line.) die Linie3) (outline or shape especially relating to length or direction: The ship had very graceful lines; A dancer uses a mirror to improve his line.) die Konturen (pl.)4) (a groove on the skin; a wrinkle.) die Falte5) (a row or group of objects or persons arranged side by side or one behind the other: The children stood in a line; a line of trees.) die Reihe6) (a short letter: I'll drop him a line.) einige Zeilen7) (a series or group of persons which come one after the other especially in the same family: a line of kings.) die Abstammungslinie8) (a track or direction: He pointed out the line of the new road; a new line of research.) die Richtung9) (the railway or a single track of the railway: Passengers must cross the line by the bridge only.) die Eisenbahnlinie, das Gleis10) (a continuous system (especially of pipes, electrical or telephone cables etc) connecting one place with another: a pipeline; a line of communication; All( telephone) lines are engaged.) die Leitung11) (a row of written or printed words: The letter contained only three lines; a poem of sixteen lines.) die Zeile12) (a regular service of ships, aircraft etc: a shipping line.) die Linie13) (a group or class (of goods for sale) or a field of activity, interest etc: This has been a very popular new line; Computers are not really my line.) das Tätigkeitsfeld14) (an arrangement of troops, especially when ready to fight: fighting in the front line.) die Linie2. verb1) (to form lines along: Crowds lined the pavement to see the Queen.) säumen2) (to mark with lines.) linieren•- lineage- linear- lined- liner- lines- linesman
- hard lines! - in line for
- in
- out of line with
- line up
- read between the lines II verb1) (to cover on the inside: She lined the box with newspaper.) auskleiden2) (to put a lining in: She lined the dress with silk.) füttern•- lined- liner- lining* * *line1[laɪn]I. NOUNdividing \line Trennungslinie fstraight \line gerade Linieto draw a \line eine Linie ziehen3. MATHstraight \line Gerade f7. (equator)▪ the L\line die Linie, der Äquatorthe thin \line between love and hate der schmale Grat zwischen Liebe und Hassto cross the \line die Grenze überschreiten fig, zu weit gehen[clothes] \line Wäscheleine f[fishing] \line Angelschnur f\lines will be open from eight o'clock die Leitungen werden ab acht Uhr frei[geschaltet] seincan you get me a \line to New York? können Sie mir bitte eine Verbindung nach New York geben?the \line is engaged/busy die Leitung ist besetztplease hold the \line! bitte bleiben Sie am Apparat!get off the \line! geh aus der Leitung!bad \line schlechte Verbindungto be/stay on the \line am Apparat sein/bleibenthe end of the \line die Endstationrail \line Eisenbahnlinie f13. (row of words, also in poem) Zeile fto drop sb a \line jdm ein paar Zeilen schreibento read between the \lines ( fig) zwischen den Zeilen lesen14. (for actor)▪ \lines pl Text mto forget/learn one's \lines seinen Text lernen/vergessento get a \line on sb/sth etwas über jdn/etw herausfindento give sb a \line on sb jdm Informationen über jdn besorgen16. (false account, talk)he keeps giving me that \line about his computer not working properly er kommt mir immer wieder mit dem Spruch, dass sein Computer nicht richtig funktioniereI've heard that \line before die Platte kenne ich schon in- und auswendig! fam▪ \lines pl Strafarbeit fshe got 100 \lines for swearing at her teacher da sie ihren Lehrer beschimpft hatte, musste sie zur Strafe 100 mal... schreibento be first in \line an erster Stelle stehen; ( fig) ganz vorne dabei seinto be next in \line als Nächster/Nächste dran seinto be in a \line in einer Reihe stehenthe cans on the shelf were in a \line die Büchsen waren im Regal aufgereihtto form a \line sich akk in einer Reihe aufstellento get into \line sich akk hintereinander aufstellen; (next to each other) sich akk in einer Reihe aufstellento move into \line sich akk einreihenin \line with (level with) auf der gleichen Höhe wiein \line with demand bedarfsgerecht, bedarfsadäquatin \line with maturity FIN laufzeitbezogen, laufzeitabhängigin \line with requirements bedürfnisorientiertin \line with the market marktnah, marktgerecht, marktkonformthe salaries of temporary employees were brought into \line with those of permanent staff die Gehälter Teilzeitbeschäftigter wurden an die der Vollzeitbeschäftigten angeglichenI want to have children to prevent the family \line dying out ich möchte Kinder, damit die Familie nicht ausstirbtthis institute has had a long \line of prestigious physicists working here dieses Institut kann auf eine lange Tradition angesehener Physiker zurückblickenhe is the latest in a long \line of Nobel Prize winners to come from that country er ist der jüngste einer ganzen Reihe von Nobelpreisträgern aus diesem Landto get in \line sich akk anstellento stand in \line anstehenthey are thinking about a new \line of vehicles sie denken über eine neue Kraftfahrzeugserie nach; BRIT, AUSthey do an excellent \line in TVs and videos sie stellen erstklassige Fernseher und Videogeräte herspring/summer/fall/winter \line Frühjahrs-/Sommer-/Herbst-/Winterkollektion ffootball's never really been my \line mit Fußball konnte ich noch nie besonders viel anfangenwhat's your \line? was machen Sie beruflich?\line of business Branche f\line of research Forschungsgebiet nt\line of work Arbeitsgebiet ntto be in sb's \line jdm liegen23. (course)\line of argument Argumentation fto be in the \line of duty zu jds Pflichten gehören\line of reasoning Gedankengang mto take a strong \line with sb jdm gegenüber sehr bestimmt auftretento take a strong \line with sth gegen etw akk energisch vorgehenthey did not reveal their \line of inquiry sie teilten nicht mit, in welcher Richtung sie ermitteltenwhat \line shall we take? wie sollen wir vorgehen?24. (direction)▪ along the \lines of...:she said something along the \lines that he would lose his job if he didn't work harder sie sagte irgendetwas in der Richtung davon, dass er seine Stelle verlieren würde, wenn er nicht härter arbeiten würdemy sister works in publishing and I'm hoping to do something along the same \lines meine Schwester arbeitet im Verlagswesen und ich würde gerne etwas Ähnliches tunto try a new \line of approach to sth versuchen, etw anders anzugehenthe \line of least resistence der Weg des geringsten Widerstandes\line of vision Blickrichtung fto be on the right \lines auf dem richtigen Weg seindo you think his approach to the problem is on the right \lines? glauben Sie, dass er das Problem richtig angeht?party \line Parteilinie fto bring sb/sth into \line [with sth] jdn/etw auf gleiche Linie [wie etw akk] bringento fall into \line with sth mit etw dat konform gehento keep sb in \line dafür sorgen, dass jd nicht aus der Reihe tanztto move into \line sich akk anpassento step out of \line aus der Reihe tanzen\line of battle Kampflinie fbehind enemy \lines hinter den feindlichen Stellungenfront \line Front f29.▶ all along the \line auf der ganzen Linie▶ to bring sb into \line jdn in seine Schranken weisen▶ in/out of \line with sb/sth mit jdm/etw im/nicht im Einklang▶ to lay it on the \line die Karten offen auf den Tisch legen▶ to be on the \line auf dem Spiel stehen▶ to put sth on the \line etw aufs Spiel setzen▶ it was stepping out of \line to tell him that es stand dir nicht zu, ihm das zu sagenII. TRANSITIVE VERB1. (mark)her face was \lined with agony ihr Gesicht war von tiefem Schmerz gezeichnet2. (stand at intervals)to \line the streets die Straßen säumen gehthe streets were \lined with cheering people jubelnde Menschenmengen säumten die Straßenline2[laɪn]vt1. (cover)to \line shelves Regale füllen* * *line1 [laın]A sdown the line (Tennis) die Linie entlang, longline;2. a) (Hand- etc) Linie f:line of fate Schicksalslinieb) Falte f, Runzel f:lines of worry Sorgenfaltenc) Zug m (im Gesicht)3. Zeile f:5. a) Vers mc) pl SCHULE Br Strafarbeit f, -aufgabe f6. pl (meist als sg konstruiert) besonders Br umg Trauschein m8. US umga) Platte f (Geschwätz)b) Tour f, Masche f (Trick)9. Linie f, Richtung f:a) MIL Angriffsrichtung,b) fig Taktik f;get into sb’s line of fire jemandem in die Schusslinie geraten;a) Blickrichtung,hung on the line in Augenhöhe aufgehängt (Bild);10. pl Grundsätze pl, Richtlinie(n) f(pl):the lines of his policy die Grundlinien seiner Politik;I would like to have sth on ( oder along) the lines of what you have ich möchte etwas von der Art wie Sie haben;a) nach diesen Grundsätzen,b) folgendermaßen;along general lines ganz allgemein, in großen Zügen;along similar lines ähnlich;it is out of line for sb to do sth es entspricht nicht jemandes Art, etwas zu tun11. Art f und Weise f, Methode f, Verfahren n:line of approach (to) Art und Weise (etwas) anzupacken, Methode;line of argument (Art der) Beweisführung f;line of reasoning Denkweise;a) Auffassung f,b) Gedankengang m;take a tougher line toward(s) härter vorgehen gegen, eine härtere Gangart einschlagen gegenüber;take the line that … den Standpunkt vertreten, dass …;don’t take that line with me! komm mir ja nicht so!;in the line of nach Art von (od gen);on strictly commercial lines auf streng geschäftlicher Grundlage, auf rein kommerzieller Basis; → hard line 112. Grenze f (auch fig), Grenzlinie f:overstep the line of good taste über die Grenzen des guten Geschmacks hinausgehen;there’s a very fine line between winning and losing Sieg und Niederlage liegen ganz dicht beieinander;be on the line auf dem Spiel stehen;your job is on the line auch es geht um deinen Job;draw the line die Grenze ziehen, haltmachen ( beide:at bei);I draw the line at that da hört es bei mir auf;lay it on the line that … in aller Deutlichkeit sagen, dass …;I’ll lay it on the line for you! umg das kann ich Ihnen genau sagen!;13. pla) Linien(führung) pl(f), Konturen pl, Form fb) Entwurf mc) TECH Riss m14. a) Reihe f, Kette f:a line of poplars eine Pappelreiheb) besonders US (Menschen-, auch Auto) Schlange f:stand in line anstehen, Schlange stehen ( beide:for um, nach);drive in line AUTO Kolonne fahren;be second in line for the throne an zweiter Stelle der Thronfolge stehen15. Reihe f, Linie f:out of line aus der Flucht, nicht in einer Linie;a) in Einklang bringen ( with mit),b) auf Vordermann bringen umg;a) sich einordnen,b) MIL (in Reih und Glied) antreten,keep sb in line fig jemanden bei der Stange halten;b) (Ahnen- etc) Reihe fd) Familie f, Stamm m, Geschlecht n:the male line die männliche Linie;in the direct line in direkter Linie;line of succession Erbfolge f18. Fach n, Gebiet n, Sparte f:in the banking line im Bankfach oder -wesen;that’s not in my linea) das schlägt nicht in mein Fach,b) das liegt mir nicht;that’s more in my line das liegt mir schon eher19. (Verkehrs-, Eisenbahn- etc) Linie f, Strecke f, Route f, engS. BAHN Gleis n:the end of the line fig das (bittere) Ende;that’s the end of the line! fig Endstation!;he was at the end of the line fig er war am Ende20. (Flug- etc) Gesellschaft fget off the line aus der Leitung gehen;c) TEL Amt n:can I have a line, please?oil line Ölleitung24. WIRTSCHa) Sorte f, Warengattung fb) Posten m, Partie fc) Sortiment nd) Artikel m oder pl, Artikelserie f25. MILa) Linie f:behind the enemy lines hinter den feindlichen Linien;line of battle Schlacht-, Gefechtslinie;line of communications rückwärtige Verbindungen pl;b) Front f:go up the line nach vorn oder an die Front gehen;go down the line for US umg sich voll einsetzen fürc) Fronttruppe(n) f(pl)the Line der Äquator;cross the Line den Äquator überqueren27. SCHIFF Linie f:line abreast Dwarslinie;line ahead Kiellinie28. a) Leine f:hang the washing up on the line die Wäsche auf die Leine hängenb) Schnur fc) Seil n29. TEL etca) Draht mb) Kabel nC v/t1. Papier linieren, liniieren3. zeichnen4. skizzieren5. das Gesicht (zer)furchen6. (ein)säumen:lined with trees von Bäumen (ein)gesäumt;thousands of people lined the streets Tausende von Menschen säumten die Straßen;soldiers lined the street Soldaten bildeten an der Straße Spalierline2 [laın] v/t1. ein Kleid etc füttern2. besonders TECH (auf der Innenseite) überziehen oder belegen, ausfüttern, -gießen, -kleiden, -schlagen ( alle:with mit), Bremsen, eine Kupplung belegen3. als Futter oder Überzug dienen für4. (an)füllen:line one’s pocket(s) ( oder purse) in die eigene Tasche arbeiten, sich bereichern, sich die Taschen füllen;line one’s stomach sich den Bauch vollschlagen umgL., l. abk1. lake2. law3. league4. left li.5. line* * *I 1.[laɪn]noun1) (string, cord, rope, etc.) Leine, die[fishing-]line — [Angel]schnur, die
2) (telephone or telegraph cable) Leitung, die3) (long mark; also Math., Phys.) Linie, die; (less precise or shorter) Strich, der; (Telev.) Zeile, die4) in pl. (outline of car, ship, etc.) Linien Pl.5) (boundary) Linie, dielay something on the line [for somebody] — [jemandem] etwas rundheraus sagen
line of trees — Baumreihe, die
bring somebody into line — dafür sorgen, dass jmd. nicht aus der Reihe tanzt (ugs.)
come or fall into line — sich in die Reihe stellen; [Gruppe:] sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (fig.) nicht mehr aus der Reihe tanzen (ugs.)
be in line [with something] — [mit etwas] in einer Linie liegen
be in/out of line with something — (fig.) mit etwas in/nicht in Einklang stehen
7) (row of words on a page) Zeile, dielines — (actor's part) Text, der
he gave the boy 100 lines — (Sch.) er ließ den Jungen 100 Zeilen abschreiben
8) (system of transport) Linie, die[shipping] line — Schifffahrtslinie, die
10) (direction, course) Richtung, dieon the lines of — nach Art (+ Gen.)
be on the right/wrong lines — in die richtige/falsche Richtung gehen
along or on the same lines — in der gleichen Richtung
line of thought — Gedankengang, der
take a strong line with somebody — jemandem gegenüber bestimmt od. energisch auftreten
line of action — Vorgehensweise, die
the Waterloo line, the line to Waterloo — die Linie nach Waterloo
this is the end of the line [for you] — (fig.) dies ist das Aus [für dich]
12) (wrinkle) Falte, diewhat's your line? — in welcher Branche sind Sie?/was ist Ihre Fachrichtung?
be in the line of duty/business — zu den Pflichten/zum Geschäft gehören
15) (Fashion) Linie, die2. transitive verbenemy lines — feindliche Stellungen od. Linien
1) (mark with lines) linieren [Papier]2) (stand at intervals along) säumen (geh.) [Straße, Strecke]Phrasal Verbs:- line upII transitive verbfüttern [Kleidungsstück]; auskleiden [Magen, Nest]; ausschlagen [Schublade usw.]line one's pockets — (fig.) sich (Dat.) die Taschen füllen
* * *(US) n.Schlange -n f.Schlange -n f.(Menschen-, Auto (<-s>)-)Warteschlange f. (railway) n.Gleis -e n. n.Branche -n f.Furche -n f.Leine -n f.Linie -n f.Reihe -n f.Richtung -en f.Runzel -n f.Strecke -n f.Strich -e m.Vers -e m.Zeile -n f. v.Spalier bilden ausdr.auskleiden v.40 know
I 1. [nəʊ]1) (have knowledge of) conoscere [person, place, situation, system]; sapere, conoscere [answer, language, name, reason, truth, way]to know sb. by name, sight — conoscere qcn. di nome, di vista
to know sth. by heart — sapere qcs. a memoria
to know how to do — sapere fare; (stressing method) sapere come fare
to know that... — sapere che...
to know sb., sth. as — conoscere qcn., qcs. come
to let it be known o to make it known that fare sapere che; it has been known to snow there hanno detto che lì nevica; if I know him se lo conosco; he is known to the police è conosciuto dalla polizia; as you well know come ben sai; (do) you know something? do you know what? (ma lo) sai? there's no knowing whether non si può sapere se; to know one's way around fig. sapersi togliere dagli impicci; to know one's way around a town sapersi orientare in una città; to know one's way around a computer sapersela cavare con i computer; I know what! you could... ho un'idea! potresti...; he knows nothing about it — non ne sa niente
2) (feel certain) essere sicuro, sapere3) (realize) rendersi conto4) (recognize) riconoscere (by, from da)"you are a stupid" "it takes one to know one" — "sei uno stupido" "tra stupidi ci si riconosce"
to be known for sth., for doing — essere conosciuto per qcs., per fare
6) (experience) conoscere [sadness, love]2.1) (have knowledge) sapere, conoscereto know about — (have information) essere al corrente di [ event]; (have skill) conoscere [computing, engines]
to know of — (from experience) conoscere; (from information) avere sentito parlare di
to let sb. know of o about mettere qcn. a conoscenza di [ plans]; we'll let you know vi faremo sapere; how should I know! come faccio a saperlo! if you must know se proprio vuoi saperlo; if I were angry with you, you'd know about it se fossi arrabbiato con te, te ne accorgeresti; you know better than to argue with him hai di meglio da fare che metterti a discutere con lui; you ought to have known better non avresti dovuto farlo; he says he came home early but I know better — dice che è arrivato a casa presto ma conoscendolo non ci credo
"he won't win" - "oh I don't know" — "non vincerà" - "non ne sono sicuro"
"I'll take the morning off" - "I don't know about that!" — "mi prenderò mezza giornata" - "non ne sarei così sicuro!"
I don't know about you but... — non so cosa ne pensi, ma
••II [nəʊ]not to know where o which way to turn non sapere da che parte voltarsi; not to know whether one is coming or going — non sapere più che cosa si sta facendo
to be in the know (about sth.) — colloq. essere al corrente (di qcs.)
* * *[nəu]past tense - knew; verb1) (to be aware of or to have been informed about: He knows everything; I know he is at home because his car is in the drive; He knows all about it; I know of no reason why you cannot go.) sapere2) (to have learned and to remember: He knows a lot of poetry.) conoscere3) (to be aware of the identity of; to be friendly with: I know Mrs Smith - she lives near me.) conoscere4) (to (be able to) recognize or identify: You would hardly know her now - she has become very thin; He knows a good car when he sees one.) riconoscere•- knowing- knowingly
- know-all
- know-how
- in the know
- know backwards
- know better
- know how to
- know the ropes* * *know /nəʊ/n.– (nella loc. fam.) in the know, al corrente; bene informato; addentro nella faccenda.♦ (to) know /nəʊ/A v. t.1 conoscere; sapere: to know languages, conoscere (o sapere) le lingue; Do you know German?, conosci (o sai) il tedesco?; to know the answer, conoscere (o sapere) la risposta; to know a subject, conoscere un argomento; to know one's job, conoscere il proprio mestiere; to know the time, sapere che ora è; conoscere l'ora; to know all the facts, conoscere (o essere a conoscenza di, sapere) tutti i fatti; to know damn well, sapere benissimo; Do you know his address?, conosci (o sai) il suo indirizzo?; Everybody knows that, lo sanno tutti; How do you know?, come lo sai?; come fai a saperlo?; I'll let you know, te lo farò sapere; I know he is a good boy, so che è un bravo ragazzo; Do you know how much it costs?, sai quanto costa?; I don't know when she's arriving, non so quando arriverà; I know what I'm doing, so quello che faccio; I know you won't disappoint me, so che non mi deluderai; I knew ( that) he would say that, sapevo che avrebbe detto così; to get to know, imparare a conoscere; conoscere meglio (o più a fondo); venire a sapere; I know how it works, so come funziona; He is known to be in favour of it, è noto (o risaputo) che lui è favorevole; His dog has been known to attack strangers, si sa che il suo cane ha assalito gente che non conosceva2 conoscere: Do you know his wife [this book]?, conosci sua moglie [questo libro]?; the world as we know it, il mondo così come lo conosciamo; We've known each other for years, ci conosciamo da anni3 riconoscere: I'd know him anywhere, lo riconoscerei dovunque (o fra mille); I know a good athlete when I see one, so riconoscere un buon atleta4 capire; rendersi conto: I knew at once something was wrong, capii subito che c'era qualcosa che non andava5 conoscere; sperimentare; fare esperienza di: I have known better days, ho conosciuto giorni migliori; He has known poverty, ha conosciuto la miseria6 – to know how, sapere; essere capace di: Do you know how to open this box?, sai aprire (o sei capace di aprire, sai come si apre) questa scatola?; I would do it if I knew how ( o if I knew the way), lo farei se sapessi come si fa (o se ne fossi capace)7 (saper) distinguere: to know right from wrong, distinguere tra il bene e il male (o la ragione dal torto)B v. i.sapere di; conoscere; essere informato di; essere a conoscenza di; avere notizia di; aver sentito parlare di: I know of a few cases like this one, so di alcuni casi come questo; I know of her, but I've never met her, ne ho sentito parlare, ma non l'ho mai incontrata; Do you know of any reason why he should have done it?, hai qualche idea del perché l'abbia fatto?; not that I know of, che io sappia no; non che io sappia; non mi risulta● to know again, riconoscere □ (fam.) to know all the answers, sapere tutto; saperla lunga; essere un sapientone □ to know all there is to know about st., sapere tutto su qc. □ to know apart, saper distinguere ( tra due) □ (fam.) to know st. backwards, conoscere qc. alla perfezione (o a menadito) □ to know best, sapere ciò che è meglio; essere il miglior giudice □ to know better, sapere che le cose stanno altrimenti (o che non è così); ( anche) avere più buon senso (o criterio), aver imparato la lezione: If I didn't know better, I'd say that…, se non sapessi che le cose stanno altrimenti, direi che…; You should have known better, avresti dovuto usare un po' più di buon senso; I'll know better next time, la prossima volta saprò come comportarmi; la prossima volta me ne guarderò bene; to know better than that, sapere che non è così; sapere che non si deve fare qc.; to know better than to do st., non essere così sciocco (o sprovveduto) da fare qc.; avere abbastanza criterio (o buon senso) da non fare qc.; sapere che non si deve fare qc.; not to know any better, non avere buon senso; essere uno sprovveduto; non sapere quello che si fa (per ignoranza, immaturità, ecc.) □ to know one's business, conoscere il proprio mestiere; sapere il fatto proprio □ to know st. by heart, sapere qc. a memoria □ to know sb. by name [by sight], conoscere q. di nome [di vista] □ to know different, sapere che non è così (o che le cose non stanno così); scoprire che non è così □ not to know the first thing about st., non sapere niente di qc.; non intendersene affatto di qc.; essere ignorantissimo di qc. □ to know sb. for, conoscere q. come: I know him for a very approachable man, lo conosco come una persona molto disponibile □ to know for a fact that…, sapere per certo (o con certezza) che… □ (fam. USA) not to know from st., non intendersene di qc.; non sapere niente di qc. □ (fam. USA) not to know from nothing ( about), non sapere (o capire) niente (di); non intendersi minimamente (di) □ (fam.) not to know sb. from Adam, non avere mai visto né conosciuto q.; non sapere che faccia ha q. □ (fam. GB) to know how many beans make five, sapere il fatto proprio; essere sveglio □ to know st. inside out, conoscere a fondo qc. □ to know st. like the back of one's hand, conoscere qc. come le proprie tasche □ to know one's own mind, sapere quel che si vuole □ to know no bounds, non conoscere limiti □ to know oneself, conoscere se stesso; conoscersi: I know myself, io mi conosco; io so come son fatto; Know thyself!, conosci te stesso! □ (fam.) to know one's onions, sapere il fatto proprio □ to know otherwise = to know different ► sopra □ to know one's place, saper stare al proprio posto □ to know the ropes, essere pratico di qc.; sapere come funziona qc. □ (fam.) to know one's stuff, sapere il fatto proprio □ (fam.) to know a thing or two, saperne qualcosa; intendersene; saperla lunga (su qc.) □ to know one's way around, conoscere la strada; sapersi orientare; (fig.) sapere come muoversi □ to know what it is like to…, sapere per esperienza personale cosa significhi… □ (fam.) to know what's what, sapere il fatto proprio □ (volg.) You know what you can do with it!, sai cosa puoi farci? □ not to know what to do with oneself, non sapere cosa fare; non sapere comportarsi □ (fam.) not to know what hit one, avere una brutta sopresa; restarci secco (fam.); ( anche) morire senza nemmeno accorgersene □ (fam. USA) to know where it's at, conoscere il mondo; saperla lunga □ (fam. USA) to know where sb. is coming from, sapere come ragiona q. □ not to know where (o which way) to look, non sapere dove guardare ( dall'imbarazzo); non sapere dove andare a nascondersi □ (fig.) not to know which way to turn, non sapere a che santo votarsi; non sapere dove sbattere la testa □ to know who's who, conoscere tutti ( in un posto); ( anche) sapere vita, morte e miracoli di tutti □ as far as I know, per quel che ne so; che io sappia □ As if I didn't know him!, come se non lo conoscessi! □ to be known as, essere considerato; aver fama di essere; ( anche) esser noto come, essere conosciuto col nome di: He is known as a good pianist, è considerato un bravo pianista; He's known as The Captain, è noto come ‘il Capitano’ □ (fam.) before you know where you are, prima che tu possa dire ‘beh’; in men che non si dica □ to do all one knows, fare tutto il possibile; fare del proprio meglio □ Don't I know it!, se lo so!; a chi lo dici! □ I don't know that…, non sono sicuro di…; non so se… □ for all I know, per quanto (o quel che) ne so □ for reasons best known to himself, per un motivo noto solo a lui (o che sa solo lui) □ God (o Goodness, heaven) knows, Dio sa; ( anche escl.) lo sa Dio (o Iddio, il Cielo) □ How should I know?, come faccio a saperlo?; che vuoi che ne sappia io? □ How was I to know?, come potevo saperlo?; come potevo immaginare? □ I'll have you know that…, sappi che…; per tua informazione…; o per tua norma e regola… □ I knew it!, lo sapevo!; me l'aspettavo! □ (fam.) I know what, ho un'idea; so io che cosa fare □ to let it be known, far sapere; rendere noto □ to make oneself known, farsi un nome, farsi conoscere □ (form.) to make oneself known to sb., presentarsi a q. □ to make it known that…, rendere noto che… □ She's very pretty and doesn't she know it!, è molto bella, e sa di esserlo □ You don't know how, non sai (o non puoi immaginare) quanto □ (fam.) not to want to know, disinteressarsi di qc.; ignorare qc.; infischiarsene □ (fam.) What do you know ( about that)!, senti senti!; ma pensa un po'! □ Wouldn't you ( just) know?, lo sapevo io!; ci mancava questa! □ Wouldn't you like to know?, ti piacerebbe saperlo, eh! □ (fam.) you know (o, antiq., don't you know), sai ( come inter.) □ (fam.) You know what (o something)?, sai che ti dico?; sai una cosa? □ You never know, non si sa mai □ You never know your luck!, non si sa mai!; magari succede; può anche andare bene!* * *I 1. [nəʊ]1) (have knowledge of) conoscere [person, place, situation, system]; sapere, conoscere [answer, language, name, reason, truth, way]to know sb. by name, sight — conoscere qcn. di nome, di vista
to know sth. by heart — sapere qcs. a memoria
to know how to do — sapere fare; (stressing method) sapere come fare
to know that... — sapere che...
to know sb., sth. as — conoscere qcn., qcs. come
to let it be known o to make it known that fare sapere che; it has been known to snow there hanno detto che lì nevica; if I know him se lo conosco; he is known to the police è conosciuto dalla polizia; as you well know come ben sai; (do) you know something? do you know what? (ma lo) sai? there's no knowing whether non si può sapere se; to know one's way around fig. sapersi togliere dagli impicci; to know one's way around a town sapersi orientare in una città; to know one's way around a computer sapersela cavare con i computer; I know what! you could... ho un'idea! potresti...; he knows nothing about it — non ne sa niente
2) (feel certain) essere sicuro, sapere3) (realize) rendersi conto4) (recognize) riconoscere (by, from da)"you are a stupid" "it takes one to know one" — "sei uno stupido" "tra stupidi ci si riconosce"
to be known for sth., for doing — essere conosciuto per qcs., per fare
6) (experience) conoscere [sadness, love]2.1) (have knowledge) sapere, conoscereto know about — (have information) essere al corrente di [ event]; (have skill) conoscere [computing, engines]
to know of — (from experience) conoscere; (from information) avere sentito parlare di
to let sb. know of o about mettere qcn. a conoscenza di [ plans]; we'll let you know vi faremo sapere; how should I know! come faccio a saperlo! if you must know se proprio vuoi saperlo; if I were angry with you, you'd know about it se fossi arrabbiato con te, te ne accorgeresti; you know better than to argue with him hai di meglio da fare che metterti a discutere con lui; you ought to have known better non avresti dovuto farlo; he says he came home early but I know better — dice che è arrivato a casa presto ma conoscendolo non ci credo
"he won't win" - "oh I don't know" — "non vincerà" - "non ne sono sicuro"
"I'll take the morning off" - "I don't know about that!" — "mi prenderò mezza giornata" - "non ne sarei così sicuro!"
I don't know about you but... — non so cosa ne pensi, ma
••II [nəʊ]not to know where o which way to turn non sapere da che parte voltarsi; not to know whether one is coming or going — non sapere più che cosa si sta facendo
to be in the know (about sth.) — colloq. essere al corrente (di qcs.)
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