oculum

ŏcŭlus (sync. oclus, Prud. steph. 10, 592 dub.), i, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. akshi and aksha, from the root ītsh, videre; Gr. ossomai, osse; Goth. augō; Germ. Auge; Engl. eye], an eye.

Lit.:

quae (natura) primum oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit et saepsit... sed lubricos oculos fecit et mobiles,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142; cf. Cels. 7, 7, 13; Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 139 sq.; Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 221:

venusti,

id. Tusc. 5, 16, 46:

eminentes,

prominent, id. Vatin. 2, 4:

oculi tanquam speculatores,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 140:

acuti,

id. Planc. 27, 69:

maligni,

Verg. A. 5, 654:

minaces,

Luc. 2, 26: oculos conicere in aliquem, to cast or fix one's eyes upon, Cic. Clu. 19, 54:

oculos conjecit in hostem,

Verg. A. 12, 483: adicere alicui rei, to cast one's eyes upon, glance at:

ad eorum ne quem oculos adiciat suos,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 24; to covet, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 37:

adicere ad rem aliquam,

id. Agr. 2, 10, 25:

de aliquo nusquam deicere,

to never turn one's eyes away from, to regard with fixed attention, id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

deicere ab aliquā re,

to turn away, id. Phil. 1, 1, 1:

in terram figere,

to fix one's eyes upon the ground, Tac. H. 4, 72:

deicere in terram,

to cast down to, Quint. 1, 11, 9:

demittere,

Ov. M. 15, 612:

erigere,

id. ib. 4, 146: attollere. Verg. A. 4, 688; Ov. M. 2, 448:

circumferre,

id. ib. 6, 169:

premere,

Verg. A. 9, 487: deponere, to fix, Hor C. 1, 36, 18:

distorquere,

id. S. 1, 9, 65:

spargere,

to direct hither and thither, Pers. 5, 33:

oculis cernere,

to see with one's own eyes, Nep. Timol. 2, 2:

oculos auferre spectanti,

to blind the eyes of an observer, to cheat him before his eyes, Liv. 6, 15 fin.: ponere sibi aliquid ante oculos. i. e. to imagine to one's self any thing, Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

proponere oculis suis aliquid,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

esse ante oculos,

to be before one's eyes, id. Lael. 11, 38: res posita in oculis, and ante oculos, that lies before one's eyes, is apparent, evident:

de rebus ante oculos positis,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 5:

omnia sunt enim posita ante oculos,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 192:

inque meis oculis candida Delos erat,

before my eyes, Ov. H. 21, 82: vivere in oculis, habitare in oculis, to live in the sight of, in the presence of, in intercourse with:

in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium quondam viximus,

Cic. Off. 3, 1, 3:

habitavi in oculis,

id. Planc. 27, 66; cf.:

in foro palam Syracusis in ore atque in oculis provinciae,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; Liv. 22, 12; 35, 10; Tac. H. 4, 77:

habere in oculis,

to keep in sight, to watch, observe, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 66:

in oculis omnium submergi,

Curt. 9, 4, 11:

se ante oculos suos trucidari sinerent,

Liv. 2, 6, 2; 4, 14, 5; Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48: ab oculis alicujus abire (ire), to leave one's presence:

Abin' hinc ab oculis?

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 147; id. Truc. 2, 5, 24; Sen. Ep. 36, 10; cf.:

ab oculis recedere,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11:

ab oculis concedere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

(angues) conspecti repente ex oculis abierunt,

out of sight, Liv. 25, 16, 2:

prodigii species ex oculis elapsa,

id. 26, 19, 7:

(avem) ablatam ex oculis,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

facesserent propere ex urbe ab ore atque oculis populi Romani,

Liv. 6, 17, 8:

sub oculis alicujus,

before a person's eyes, in his presence, Caes. B. C. 1, 71; Vell. 2, 79, 4:

sub oculis domini esse,

Col. 9, 5, 2:

quos honores sub oculis tuis gessit,

Plin. Ep. 10, 11, 2:

sub avi oculis necari,

Just. 1, 4, 5; Flor. 4, 7, 8:

hostes sub oculis erant,

Liv. 22, 14, 3; 26, 38, 9:

sub oculis Caesaris,

Tac. A. 2, 35: hunc oculis suis nostrarum numquam quisquam vidit, with his own eyes, i. e. actually, in person, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 10:

numquam ante hunc diem meis oculis eam videram,

id. Hec. 5, 4, 23: ad oculum, for display, to be seen:

non ad oculum servientes,

Vulg. Eph. 1, 18; id. Col. 3, 22.—As a term of endearment, the apple of my eye, my darling:

ubi isti sunt quibus vos oculi estis, quibus vitae estis, quibus deliciae?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 46:

bene vale, ocule mi!

id. Curc. 1, 3, 47 —Hence, in a double sense:

par oculorum in amicitiā M. Antonii triumviri,

Suet. Rhet. 5.—The ancients swore by their eyes:

si voltis per oculos jurare, nihilo magis facietis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 1.—

Transf.

The power of seeing, sight, vision: ut eum quoque oculum, quo bene videret, amitteret, lost, i. e. became blind, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 48:

oculos perdere,

id. Har. Resp. 18, 37:

restituere alicui,

Suet. Vesp. 7; cf.:

oculis usurpare rem,

i. e. see, Lucr. 1, 301.—

A luminary, said of the sun and stars ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): mundi oculus. i. e. the sun, Ov. M. 4, 228:

stellarum oculi,

Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10.—

A spot resembling an eye, as on a panther's hide, a peacock's tail, etc., Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62:

pavonum caudae,

id. 13, 15, 30, § 96. —So arch. t. t.:

oculus volutae,

Vitr. 3, 5. —

Of plants.

An eye, bud, bourgeon: oculos imponere, i. e. to bud, inoculate, Verg. G. 2, 73:

gemmans,

Col. 4, 24, 16.—

A bulb or knob on many roots, on the reed, etc.:

harundinis,

Cato, R. R. 6, 3; Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 3:

seritur harundo bulbo radicis, quem alii oculum vocant,

Plin. 17, 20, 33, § 144.—

A plant, called also aizoum majus, Plin. 25, 13, 102, § 160. —

Trop.

A principal ornament: hi duo illos oculos orae maritimae effoderunt ( Corinth and Carthage), Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 91:

ex duobus Graeciae oculis,

i. e. Athens and Sparta, Just. 5, 8, 4.—

The eye of the soul, the mind's eye:

eloquentiam quam nullis nisi mentis oculis videre possumus,

Cic. Or. 29, 101:

acrioribus mentis oculis intueri,

Col. 3, 8, 1:

oculos pascere re aliquā,

to feast one's eyes on any thing, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 65; cf.:

concupiscentia oculorum,

Vulg. 1 Joh. 2, 16: fructum oculis (dat.) capere ex aliquā re, Nep. Eum. 11, 2: oculi dolent, the eyes ache, i. e. one is afflicted by something seen, Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 64; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1; cf.:

pietas, pater, oculis dolorem prohibet,

i. e. forbids me to take offence, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 4: in oculis, in the eye, i. e. in view, hoped or expected:

frumenti spes, quae in oculis fuerat, utrosque frustrata pariter,

Liv. 26, 39, 23:

acies et arma in oculis erant,

Curt. 3, 6, 3:

Philotae supplicium in oculis erat,

id. 8, 6, 21:

esse in oculis,

to be beloved, esteemed, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

esse in oculis multitudinis,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 63: ferre, gestare in oculis, to love, esteem, value:

oderat tum, cum, etc....jam fert in oculis,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:

rex te ergo in oculis,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 11: aequis oculis videre, i. e. contentedly, with satisfaction (like aequo animo), Curt. 8, 2, 9: ante oculos, in mind, in view:

mors ante oculos debet esse,

Sen. Ep. 12, 6; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6; also plain, obvious:

simul est illud ante oculos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 85, 349:

sit ante oculos Nero,

i. e. set him before you, consider him, Tac. H. 1, 16: ante oculos habere, to keep in mind (post-class.):

habe ante oculos hanc esse terram,

Plin. Ep. 8, 24, 4:

mortalitatem,

id. ib. 2, 10, 4; Just. 5, 6, 1; for which (late Lat.) prae oculis: prae oculis habere terrorem futuri judicii, Greg. M. Ep. 2, 48;

3, 27 al.: nec jam fas ullum prae oculis habent,

Amm. 30, 4, 18: ob oculos versari, to be before the mind, etc.:

mors (ei) ob oculos versatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; Liv. 28, 19, 14; cf.:

usu versatur ante oculos vobis Glaucia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 98; id. Fin. 2, 22, 75; 5, 1, 3; id. Dom. 55, 141; Liv. 34, 36, 6: ponere aliquid ante oculos, to call up in mind, imagine, etc.:

eā (translatione) utimur rei ante oculos ponendae causā,

Auct. Her. 4, 34, 45:

ora eorum ponite vobis ante oculos,

Cic. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

calamitatem Cottae sibi ante oculos ponunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

exsilium Cn. Marci sibi proponunt ante oculos,

Liv. 2, 54, 6:

conjurationem ante oculos ponere,

id. 24, 24, 8:

studia eorum vobis ante oculos proponere,

Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48;

rarely: constituere sibi aliquid ante oculos,

Cic. Cael. 32, 79; Aug. Serm. 233, 3: ante oculos ponere (proponere), with ellips. of dat. of person, Cic. Marc. 2, 5; id. Deiot. 7, 20; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115; 11, 3, 7; id. N. D. 1, 41, 114:

nec a re publicā deiciebam oculos,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 1.

* * *

circum-lĭno, lĭtum, 3 ( perf. late Lat. circumlinisti, Vulg. Ezech. 23, 40), v. a. (access. form circumlĭnĭo, īre; cf. lino; so,

circumliniunt,

Quint. 12, 9, 8 Spald. N. er.:

circumliniri,

id. 1, 11, 6:

circumliniendus,

Col. 6, 16, 3; 6, 17, 9).

Aliquid alicui, to smear, stick, or spread all over, to besmear:

vulneribus aliquid circumlinitur,

Plin. 22, 23, 49, § 103:

Galbanum ramis ellebori circumlitum,

id. 24, 5, 13, § 22:

ciroumlita taedis sulfura,

Ov. M. 3, 373.—Far more freq.,

Aliquid aliquā re, to besmear something all over with something, to anoint, bedaub (class.; most freq. in part. perf. pass.):

oculum pice liquidā,

Col. 6, 17 fin.:

labellum luto,

id. 12, 44, 1. — Absol.:

oculum,

Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 2:

alvos fimo bubulo,

Plin. 21, 14, 47, § 80; 28, 11, 47, § 167.—In part.: corpora fuco, * Lucr. 2, 744: circumliti mortui cerā, * Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

fictile argillā,

Plin. 33, 9, 46, § 131 al.:

pictura, in quā nihil circumlitum est,

is painted around, Quint. 8, 5, 26.—

- Trop.: extrinsecus adductis ea rebus circumliniunt, they elevate them, as it were, by strong coloring, embellish, Quint. 12, 9, 8.—And (the figure derived from smearing musical instruments with wax, in order to produce a deep tone): simplicem vocis naturam pleniore quodam sono circumlinire, quod Graeci katapeplasmenon dicunt, Quint. 1, 11, 7; cf. id. 11, 3, 20:

nisi (mendacium) ornatu aliunde quaesito circumlitum fuerit ac politum,

Lact. 3, 1, 3.—

Poet., in gen., to cover, clothe: circumlita saxa musco, * Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 7: (Midas) auro, Ov M. 11, 136.

circum-lĭno, lĭtum, 3 ( perf. late Lat. circumlinisti, Vulg. Ezech. 23, 40), v. a. (access. form circumlĭnĭo, īre; cf. lino; so,

circumliniunt,

Quint. 12, 9, 8 Spald. N. er.:

circumliniri,

id. 1, 11, 6:

circumliniendus,

Col. 6, 16, 3; 6, 17, 9).

Aliquid alicui, to smear, stick, or spread all over, to besmear:

vulneribus aliquid circumlinitur,

Plin. 22, 23, 49, § 103:

Galbanum ramis ellebori circumlitum,

id. 24, 5, 13, § 22:

ciroumlita taedis sulfura,

Ov. M. 3, 373.—Far more freq.,

Aliquid aliquā re, to besmear something all over with something, to anoint, bedaub (class.; most freq. in part. perf. pass.):

oculum pice liquidā,

Col. 6, 17 fin.:

labellum luto,

id. 12, 44, 1. — Absol.:

oculum,

Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 2:

alvos fimo bubulo,

Plin. 21, 14, 47, § 80; 28, 11, 47, § 167.—In part.: corpora fuco, * Lucr. 2, 744: circumliti mortui cerā, * Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

fictile argillā,

Plin. 33, 9, 46, § 131 al.:

pictura, in quā nihil circumlitum est,

is painted around, Quint. 8, 5, 26.—

- Trop.: extrinsecus adductis ea rebus circumliniunt, they elevate them, as it were, by strong coloring, embellish, Quint. 12, 9, 8.—And (the figure derived from smearing musical instruments with wax, in order to produce a deep tone): simplicem vocis naturam pleniore quodam sono circumlinire, quod Graeci katapeplasmenon dicunt, Quint. 1, 11, 7; cf. id. 11, 3, 20:

nisi (mendacium) ornatu aliunde quaesito circumlitum fuerit ac politum,

Lact. 3, 1, 3.—

Poet., in gen., to cover, clothe: circumlita saxa musco, * Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 7: (Midas) auro, Ov M. 11, 136.

ex-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( perf. sync. exclusti for exclusisti, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 18) [cludo, claudo], to shut out, exclude; to cut off, remove, separate from any thing (class.).

Lit.

In gen.: aliquem a portu et perfugio, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 3:

aliquem ab re frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 55, 9:

aliquem ab acie,

id. B. C. 2, 41, 6:

Gaditani Poenos moenibus excluserunt,

Cic. Balb. 17, 39:

nulla exclusura dolentes Janua,

Tib. 2, 3, 73.—With inanimate objects:

spissa ramis laurea fervidos Excludet ictus (solis),

Hor. C. 2, 15, 10:

aquam quae exundante palude in agrum refluere solet,

Dig. 39, 3, 1:

exclusere diem telis,

shut out, obscured, Stat. Th. 8, 412:

Euphrates Armeniae regiones a Cappadocia excludens,

separating, Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 83.—

Esp., to shut out, refuse to receive a visitor:

quo pacto excludi, quaeso, potis est planius, quam exclusus nunc sum,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 5:

ego excludor, ille recipitur,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 79; id. ib. 1, 1, 4:

aliquem foras,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 30; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 18:

quae me non excludet ab se, sed apud se occludet domi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 108; cf.:

ut ab illa excludar, huc concludar,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 12; Hor. S. 2, 3, 260; Ov. Am. 1, 8, 78; cf.: priusquam Caesar me abs te excludere posset, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12 B. 1.—

Transf.

To drive out, to put, press, thrust, or take out:

excludito mihi hercle oculum, si dedero,

i. e. to knock out, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 95:

vel oculum exclude,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 96:

gemmam,

Dig. 10, 4, 6:

liquorem,

Scrib. Comp. 84:

pallio caput,

Petr. 32, 2.—

In partic. of birds, to hatch their young:

volucres Ova relinquebant, exclusae tempore verno,

Lucr. 5, 802; cf.:

gallinae avesque reliquae, cum ex ovis pullos excluserint, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 129:

pullos,

id. ib. 2, 48, 124; Col. 8, 5, 7; 8, 14, 11; Suet. Tib. 14 al.—And transf., by way of pun, to the pupils of the rhetorician Corax (raven):

Coracem istum patiamur pullos suos excludere in nido, qui evolent, clamatores odiosi ac molesti,

Cic. de Or. 3, 21, 81.—

To make prominent (eccl. Lat.), = eminere, Aug. in Psa. 67, § 39; Vulg. Psa. 67, 31; cf. Aug. Spir. et Litt. § 17.—

To close, complete:

volumen,

Stat. S. 2 praef. fin.

Trop., to exclude, except, remove, hinder, prevent:

Crassus tres legatos decernit, nec excludit Pompeium,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

excludi ab omni doctrina,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 46; cf.:

exclusit illum a re publica,

id. Phil. 5, 11, 29:

ab hereditate fraterna excludi,

id. Clu. 11, 31; cf.

also: ne anni tempore a navigatione excluderetur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 23, 5:

ut reditu in Asiam excluderetur,

Nep. Them. 5, 1:

exceptione excludi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 168:

multas actiones praetoriis exceptionibus,

id. Inv. 1, 19, 57:

angustiis temporis excluduntur omnes,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 148:

tempore exclusus,

hindered, prevented, Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 1:

diei tempore exclusus,

id. ib. 7, 11, 5:

si qui se in hoc judicium forte projecerint, excluditote eorum cupiditatem,

Cic. Cael. 9, 22: servitutem, Lucil. ap. Non. 301, 14:

consuetudinem libere dicendi,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7, 19.—Hence, * exclūsus, a, um, P. a., shut out, locked out:

nunc ego sum exclusissimus,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 24.

torquĕo, torsi, tortum, 2 (archaic inf. torquerier, Hor. S. 2, 8, 67), v. a. [Gr. trepô, to turn; cf. atrekês; also Sanscr. tarkus; Gr. atraktos, a spindle; and strephô, to twist], to turn, turn about or away; to twist, bend, wind (class.; syn. converto).

Lit.

In gen.:

cervices oculosque,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 39:

oculum,

to roll, distort, id. Ac. 2, 25, 80:

ora,

to twist awry, id. Off. 1, 36, 131:

ab obscenis sermonibus aurem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 127:

oculos ad moenia,

Verg. A. 4, 220:

ad sonitum vocis vestigia,

id. ib. 3, 669:

serpens squamosos orbes Torquet,

Ov. M. 3, 42; cf.

anguis,

Verg. G. 3, 38:

capillos ferro,

i. e. to curl, frizzle, Ov. A. A. 1, 505:

stamina pollice,

id. M. 12, 475:

remis aquas,

id. F. 5, 644:

spumas,

Verg. A. 3, 208:

taxos in arcus,

to bend, id. G. 2, 448:

tegumen torquens immane leonis,

winding about him, id. A. 7, 666:

cum terra circum axem se convertat et torqueat,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

torta circum bracchia vestis,

Tac. H. 5, 22.—

In partic.

To whirl around, to whirl in the act of throwing, to wield, brandish, to fling with force, to hurl (mostly poet.):

torquet nunc lapidem, nunc ingens machina tignum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 73:

amnis torquet sonantia saxa,

Verg. A. 6, 551:

stuppea torquentem Balearis verbera fundae,

id. G. 1, 309:

jaculum in hostem,

id. A. 10, 585; Ov. M. 12, 323: hastam in hunc, id. ib 5, 137;

for which: hastam alicui,

Val. Fl. 3, 193:

telum aurata ad tempora,

Verg. A. 12, 536:

tela manu,

Ov. M. 12, 99:

valido pila lacerto,

id. F. 2, 11:

glebas, ramos,

id. M. 11, 30:

cum fulmina torquet (Juppiter),

Verg. A. 4, 208;

and trop.: cum Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

id. ib. 9, 671; cf.:

Eurus nubes in occiduum orbem,

Luc. 4, 63.—In prose:

torquere amentatas hastas lacertis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 242.—

To twist awry, misplace, turn aside, distort:

negat sibi umquam, cum oculum torsisset, duas ex lucernā flammulas esse visas,

Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 80:

ora Tristia temptantum sensu (sapor) torquebit amaro,

Verg. G. 2, 247.—

To wrench the limbs upon the rack, to put to the rack or to the torture, to rack, torture (class.):

ita te nervo torquebo, itidem uti catapultae solent,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 12:

eculeo torqueri,

Cic. Fin. 3, 13, 42:

aliquem servilem in modum,

Suet. Aug. 27; cf.:

ira torquentium,

Tac. A. 15, 57:

servum in caput domini,

against his master, Dig. 48, 18, 1: vinctus tortusve, [p. 1880] Suet. Aug. 40 fin. —

Trop.

In gen., to twist, wrest, distort, turn, bend, direct (a favorite expression of Cicero):

versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus atque huc et illuc torquere ac flectere,

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

torquere et flectere imbecillitatem animorum,

id. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

oratio ita flexibilis, ut sequatur, quocumque torqueas,

id. Or. 16, 52:

omnia ad suae causae commodum,

id. Inv. 2, 14, 46:

verbo ac litterā jus omne torqueri,

wrested, perverted, id. Caecin. 27, 77:

sonum,

to inflect, Auct. Her. 3, 14, 25:

cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques,

Verg. A. 12, 180:

versare sententias, et huc atque illuc torquere,

Tac. H. 1, 85.—

In partic. (acc. to A. 2.), to rack, torment, torture (syn.:

ango, crucio): tuae libidines te torquent,

Cic. Par. 2, 18:

mitto aurum coronarium, quod te diutissime torsit,

id. Pis. 37, 90: acriter nos tuae supplicationes torserunt, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 1:

equidem dies noctesque torqueor,

Cic. Att. 7, 9, 4:

verbi controversia jam diu torquet Graeculos homines,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 47; 3, 9, 33:

stulti malorum memoriā torquentur,

id. Fin. 1, 17, 57:

sollicitudine, poenitentia, etc., torquetur mens,

Quint. 12, 1, 7:

invidiā vel amore vigil torquebere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 37; Ov. H. 20, 123:

torqueor, infesto ne vir ab hoste cadat,

id. ib. 9, 36; cf. Hor. S. 2, 8, 67:

Aeacus torquet umbras,

holds inquisition over, Juv. 1, 9.— Transf.: (reges) dicuntur torquere mero, quem perspexisse laborant, qs. to rack with wine, i. e. to try or test with wine, Hor. A. P. 435; so,

vino tortus et irā,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 38.—

To hurl, fling (of language):

curvum sermone rotato enthymema,

Juv. 6, 449.—Hence, tortus, a, um, P. a., twisted, crooked, contorted, distorted.

Lit.:

via (labyrinthi),

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 42:

quercus,

i. e. a twisted oakgarland, Verg. G. 1, 349.—Hence,

Subst.: torta, ae, f., a twisted loaf, a twist, Vulg. 1 Par. 16, 3. —

Trop.:

condiciones,

confused, complicated, Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 25. — Adv.: tortē, awry, crookedly:

torte penitusque remota,

Lucr. 4, 305 (329).

* * *

(gen. pl. augna), n.

1) eye;

lúka (bregða) upp augum, bregða augum í sundr, to open (lift up) the eyes;

lúka aptr augum, to shift the eyes;

renna (bregða, leiða) augum til e-s, to turn the eyes to;

leiða e-n augum, to measure one with the eyes;

berja augum í e-t, to take into consideration;

koma augum á e-t, to set eyes on, become aware of;

hafa auga á e-u, t have, keep, an eye upon;

segja e-t í augu upp, to one’s face, right in the face;

unna e-m sem augum í höfði sér, as one’s own eye-balls;

e-m vex e-t í augu, one has scruples about;

náit er nef augum, the nose is neighbor to the eyes;

gløggt er gests augat, a guest’s eye is sharp;

mörg eru dags augu, the day has many eyes;

eigi leyna augu, ef ann kona manni, the eyes cannot hide it if a woman loves a man;

2) hole, aperture in a needle (nálarauga), in a millstone (kvarnarauga) or an axe-head;

3) pit full of water.

* * *

n., gen. pl. augna, [Lat. oculus, a dimin. of an obsolete ocus; Gr. οφθαλμός (Boeot. οκταλμός); Sanskr. aksha: the word is common to Sanskrit with the Slavonic, Greek, Roman, and Teutonic idioms: Goth. augo; Germ, auge; A. S. eâge; Engl. eye; Scot. ee; Swed. öga; Dan. öje, etc. Grimm s. v. suggests a relationship to Lat. acies, acutus, etc. The letter n appears in the plur. of the mod. northern languages; the Swedes say ‘ögon,’ oculi, the Danes ‘öjne;’ with the article ‘ögonen’ and ‘öjnene;’ Old Engl. ‘eyne;’ Scot. ‘een’]

I. an eye. It is used in Icel. in a great many proverbs, e. g. betr sjá augu en auga, ‘two eyes see better than one,’ i. e. it is good to yield to advice: referring to love, unir auga meðan á sér, the eye is pleased whilst it can behold (viz. the object of its affection), Fas. i. 125, cp. Völs. rím. 4. 189; eigi leyna augu, ef ann kona manni, the eyes cannot bide it, if a woman love a man, i. e. they tell their own tale, Ísl. ii. 251. This pretty proverb is an απ. λεγ. l. c. and is now out of use; it is no doubt taken from a poem in a dróttkvætt metre, (old proverbs have alliteration, but neither rhymes nor assonance, rhyming proverbs are of a comparatively late date): medic., eigi er sá heill er í augun verkir, Fbr. 75; sá drepr opt fæti ( slips) er augnanna missir, Bs. i. 742; hætt er einu auganu nema vel fari, he who has only one eye to lose will take care of it (comm.); húsbóndans auga sér bezt, the master’s eye sees best; glögt er gests augat, a guest’s eye is sharp; mörg eru dags augu, the day has many eyes, i. e. what is to be hidden must not be done in broad daylight, Hm. 81; náið er nef augum, the nose is near akin to the eyes (tua res agitur paries quum proximus ardet), Nj. 21; opt verðr slíkt á sæ, kvað selr, var skotinn í auga, this often happens at sea, quoth the seal, when he was shot in the eye, of one who is in a scrape, Fms. viii. 402. In many phrases, at unna ( to love) e-m sem augum í höfði sér, as one’s own eye-balls, Nj. 217; þótti mér slökt it sætasta ljós augna minna, by his death the sweetest light of my eyes was quenched, 187: hvert grætr þú nú Skarphéðinn? eigi er þat segir Skarphéðinn, en hitt er satt at súrnar í augum, the eyes smart from smoke, 200: renna, líta augum, to seek with the eyes, to look upon: it is used in various connections, renna, líta ástaraugum, vánaraugum, vinaraugum, trúaraugum, öfundaraugum, girndarauga, with eyes of love, hope, friendship, faith, envy, desire: mæna a. denotes an upward or praying look; stara, fixed; horfa, attentive; lygna, blundskaka, stupid or slow; blína, glápa, góna, vacant or silly; skima, wandering; hvessa augu, a threatening look; leiða e-n a., to measure one with the eyes; gjóta, or skjóta hornauga, or skjóta a. í skjálg, to throw a side glance of dislike or ill-will; gjóta augum is always in a bad sense; renna, líta mostly in a good sense: gefa e-u auga, oculum adjicere alicui; hafa auga á e-u, to keep an eye on it; segja e-m e-t í augu upp, to one’s face, Orkn. 454; at augum, adverb. with open eyes, Hervar. S. (in a verse), etc. As regards various movements of the eyes; ljúka upp augum, to open the eyes; láta aptr augun, to shut the eyes; draga auga í pung, to draw the eye into a purse, i. e. shut one eye; depla augum, to blink; at drepa titlinga (Germ. äugeln, blinzen), to wink, to kill tits with the suppressed glances of the eye; glóðarauga, a suffusion on the eye, hyposphagma; kýrauga. proptosis; vagl á auga, a beam in the eye; skjálgr, Lat. limus; ský, albugo; tekinn til augnanna, with sunken eyes, etc., Fél. ix. 192; a. bresta, in death: hafa stýrur í augum, to have prickles in the eyes, when the eyes ache for want of sleep: vatna músum, ‘to water mice,’ used esp. of children weeping silently and trying to hide their tears. As to the look or expression of the eyes there are sundry metaph. phrases, e. g. hafa fékróka í augum, to have wrinkles at the corners of the eyes, of a shrewd money getting fellow, Fms. ii. 84, cp. Orkn. 330, 188, where krókauga is a cognom.; kvenna-króka, one insinuating with the fair sex; hafa ægishjalm í augum is a metaphor of one with a piercing, commanding eye, an old mythical term for the magical power of the eye, v. Grimm’s D. Mythol. under Ægishjalmr: vera mjótt á milli augnanna, the distance between the eyes being short, is a popular saying, denoting a close, stingy man, hence mjóeygr means close: e-m vex e-t í augu (now augum), to shrink back from, of a thing waxing and growing before one’s eyes so that one dares not face it. As to the shape, colour, etc. of the eye, vide the adj. ‘eygr’ or ‘eygðr’ in its many compds. Lastly we may mention the belief, that when the water in baptism touches the eyes, the child is thereby in future life prevented from seeing ghosts or goblins, vide the words úfreskr and skygn. No spell can touch the human eye; en er harm sá augu hans (that of Loki in the shape of a bird), þá grunaði hann (the giant) at maðr mundi vera, Edda 60; í bessum birni þykist hón kenna augu Bjarnar konungs sonar, Fas. i. 51, vide Ísl. Þjóðs.

II. meton. and metaph. auga is used in a great many connections:

α. astron.; þjaza augu, the eyes of the giant Thiazi, is a constellation, probably the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux; the story is told in the Edda 47, cp. Harbarðsljóð 19; (Snorri attributes it to Odin, the poem to Thor.)

β. botan., auga = Lat. gemma, Hjalt. 38; kattarauga, cat’s eye, is the flower forget-me-not.

γ. the spots that form the numbers on dice, Magn. 530.

δ. the hole in a millstone; kvarnarauga, Edda 79, 221, Hkr. i. 121: the opening into which an axe handle is fastened, Sturl. ii. 91: a pit full of water, Fs. 45: nálarauga, a needle’s eye: vindauga, wind’s eye or window (which orig. had no glass in it), A. S. eag-dura (eye-door); also gluggi, q. v.: gleraugu, spectacles.

ε. anatom., the pan of the hip joint, v. augnakarl, Fms. iii. 392: gagnaugu, temples.

ζ. hafsauga, the bottom of the ocean, in the popular phrase, fara út í hafsauga, descendere ad tartara.

η. poët. the sun is called heimsauga, dagsauga, Jónas 119.

COMPDS either with sing. auga or pl. augna; in the latter case mod. usage sometimes drops the connecting vowel a, e. g. augn-dapr, augn-depra, augn-fagr, etc. auga-bragð (augna-), n. the twinkling of an eye, Hm. 77; á einu a., in the twinkling of an eye, Ver. 32, Edda (pref.) 146, Sks. 559, Rb. 568: a glance, look, snart a., Fms. ii. 174; mikit a., v. 335; úfagrligt a., Fs. 43; hafa a. af e-u, to cast a look at, Fbr. 49, Fms. xi. 424: in the phrase, at hafa e-n (or verða) at augabragði, metaph. to make sport of, to mock, deride, gaze at, Stj. 627, 567, Hm. 5, 29. auga-brun, f. the eye-brow. auga-staðr, m. an eye-mark; hafa a. á e-u, to mark with the eye. auga-steinn (augna-), m. the eye-ball, Hkr. iii. 365, Fms. v. 152. augna-bending, f. a warning glance, Pr. 452. augna-blik, n. mod. = augnabragð, s. augna-bólga, u, f. ophthalmia. augna-brá, f. the eye-lid, D. N. i. 216. augna-fagr and aug-fagr, adj. fair-eyed, Fas. ii. 365, Fms. v. 200. augna-fró, f. a plant, eye-bright, euphrasia, also augna-gras, Hjalt. 231. augna-fræ, n. lychnis alpina. augna-gaman, n. a sport, delight for the eyes to gaze at, Ld. 202, Bær. 17, Fsm. 5 (love, sweetheart). augna-gróm, n. (medic.) a spot in the eye; metaph., ekki a., no mere speck, of whatever can easily be seen. augna-hár, n. an eye-lash. augna-hvannr, m. the eye-lid. augna-hvita, u, f. albugo. augna-karl, n. the pan of the hip joint; slíta or slitna or augnaköllunum, Fas. iii. 392. augna-kast, n. a wild glance, Barl. 167. augna-kláði, a, m. psorophthalmi. augna-krókr, n. the corner of the eye. augna-lag, n. a look, Ld. 154. augna-lok, n. ‘eye-covers,’ eye-lids. augna-mein, n. a disease of the eye. augna-mjörkvi, a, m. dimness of the eye, Pr. 471. augna-ráð, n. expression of the eye. augna-skot, n. a look askance, Gþl. 286, Fs. 44 (of cats). augna-slím, n. glaucoma. augna-staðr, m. the socket of the eye, Magn. 532. augna-sveinn, m. a lad leading a blind man, Str. 46. augn-tepra, u, f. hippus. augna-topt, f. the socket of the eye. augna-verkr, m. pain in the eye, Hkr. ii. 257, Bs. i. 451, Pr. 471, Bjarn. 58. augna-vik, n. pl. = augnakrókr. augna-þungi, a, m. heaviness of the eye, Hkr. ii. 257.

* * *

* * *

* * *

(Spanish model spelled same [aßróxo] < Latin aperi oculum 'open your eye!')

   Texas: 1931. According to the DARE, this term can refer to any of a variety of chaparral shrubs, including Condalia globosa. Often refers to the "lotebush" and "squawbush." The DRAE defines abrojo as a plant of the zygophyllaceous family, with long creeping stems, composite leaves, almost spherical fruit, and many sharp, sturdy spines. It is harmful to crops. Santamaría glosses this term as a common name for any of a number of plants, belonging to several different families, that all have stems or fruit bristling with many sharp, sticky, or barbed spines. In Mexico, abrojo is applied to such diverse plants as: Triumpheta semitriloba, Microrhamnus ericoides, C. spatu-lata, and C. obtusifolia. The cowboy wore chaps and relied on his boots and tapaderos to protect his feet and legs from the sharp spines of these plants. Ladino cattle often hid in thickets of abrojo or chaparral, making his job difficult, indeed.

(Sp. model spelled same [óxo] < Latin oculum 'eye')

   In the Southwest, a spring (of water). The DRAE concurs. Santamaría and Cobos reference ojo de agua as a spring.

( tapaojos [tápaexos] < tapar 'to cover' < tapa, probably from Gothic * tappa 'plug; wooden peg; tap, spout' and ojos 'eyes' < Latin oculum 'eye')

   Bentley: 1847. Blinders for a horse or mule. The DRAE references tapaojos as a term used in Colombia and Venezuela for a frontal on a halter or headstall that covers the eyes of a mule or horse. Santamaría concurs and adds that tapojo is also used colloquially.

    Alternate forms: tapa ojos, tapaojos.

ad-jĭcĭo (better adicio), jēci, jectum, 3, v. a. [jacio], to throw or cast a thing to, to put or place at or near. —Constr.: aliquid alicui rei.

In gen.:

rogum bustumve novum vetat propius sexaginta pedes adici aedes alienas,

to place nearer than, Cic. Leg. 2, 24:

hordei numero ad summam tritici adjecto,

id. Verr. 3, 188:

adjectoque cavae supplentur sanguine venae,

Ov. M. 7, 291; so ib. 266; 14, 276.— More freq. trop.: quo ne imprudentiam quidem oculorum adici fas fuit, to turn the eyes pryingly to, to direct the sight to, etc., Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36:

Parthus adjecit Armeniae manum,

Vell. 2, 100:

album calculum errori,

to approve, Plin. Ep. 1, 2. —With in:

virus in anguīs,

Ov. A. A. 3, 7:

telum ex locis superioribus in litus,

to throw, to hurl, Caes. B. G. 4, 23, 3.—

Transf. to mental objects, to turn or direct the mind, eye, etc., to, to fasten them upon something.—With dat. or ad:

qui amabilitati animum adiceret,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 1:

animum militi,

id. Mil. 3, 3, 34:

ad virginem animum adjecit,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 63:

cum ad omnia vestra pauci homines cupiditatis oculos adjecissent,

Cic. Agr. 2, 10:

plane videbant adjectum esse oculum hereditati,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 37 (diff. from adicere oculos, cited above):

adjecit animum ad consilium,

Liv. 25, 37:

novo etiam consilio animum adjecit,

id. 28, 33.—

Esp.

To add or apply to a thing by way of increase, to increase, = prostithenai (cf. addo).— Lit. and trop.; constr. with ad or dat.:

ad bellicam laudem ingenii gloriam,

Cic. Off. 1, 32:

decus alicui,

Vell. 2, 36:

aliquantum ea res duci famae et auctoritatis adjecit,

Liv. 44, 33: so id. 10, 7; 24, 5; Tac. Agr. 26; Suet. Oth. 11; id. Tib. 67; id. Calig. 15; id. Caes. 38 al.:

morem ritusque sacrorum adiciam,

Verg. A. 12, 837:

adjecere bonae paulo plus artis Athenac,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 43; so Ov. M. 10, 656; id. P. l, 8, 56; Vulg. Matt. 6, 27 and 33; also to add a new thought to what has preceded (cf.: addo, accedo, advenio; hence, like addo, in the sing., though several persons are addressed):

huc natas adice septem,

Ov. M. 6, 182.—

Of a speaker, to add to what has already been said. —Constr. with acc. and inf. (only in Vell. and in the histt. after the Aug. per.):

adiciens numquam defuturos raprores Italicae libertatis lupos,

Vell. 2, 27, 2; so,

adjecerat Tiberius non id tempus censurae nec defuturum corrigendi auctorem,

Tac. A. 2, 33:

adjecit in domo ejus venenum esse,

id. ib. 4, 21.—Rarely followed by orat. directa:

cum dixisset... adjecissetque: Si quid huic acciderit, etc.,

Vell. 2, 32, 1.—With ut and subj., Liv. 2, 27.—

In anctions, t. t., to add to a bid, to out-bid: liciti sunt usque adeo, quoad se efficere posse arbitrabantur;

super adjecit Aeschrio,

bid on, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 77 B. and K.; but cf. Zumpt ad h. l.; Dig. 18, 2, 19.—

In gen., in the Vulg. by Hebraism (cf.), to add to do, to do further: adjecit Dominus loqui, the Lord furthermore spake, Isa. 7, 10:

non adiciet, ut resurgat,

ib. 24, 20:

adiciens dixit parabolam,

ib. Luc. 19, 11.

caeco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to make blind, to blind.

Lit.:

sol caecat,

Lucr. 4, 325 (300); Paul. Nol. Carm. Nat. S. Fel. 20, 7; 20, 292:

unde caecatus est (Appius Claudius),

Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 34, 3.—Hence, in gardening:

oculum,

to destroy, Col. 4, 9, 2; 4, 24, 16; cf. caecus, I. C., and oculus.—

Trop.:

qui largitione caecarunt mentes imperitorum,

Cic. Sest. 66, 139:

ut (animi acies) ne caecetur erroribus,

id. Tusc. 5, 13, 39:

caecati libidinibus,

id. ib. 1, 30, 72:

cupiditate,

id. Dom. 23, 60:

caecata mens subito terrore,

Liv. 44, 6, 17:

pectora... serie caecata laborum,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 45:

caecabitur spes vindemiae,

Pall. 1, 6, 11:

timidos artus,

to make senseless, Verg. Cul. 198.—

Transf., to make dark, to obscure:

caecantur silvae,

Avien. Per. 504.—

Trop., of [p. 261] discourse:

celeritate caecata oratio,

rendered obscure, Cic. Brut. 76, 264.

con-frĭco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to rub vigorously, to rub in (belonging to econom. and medic. lang.).

Prop.:

caput atque os suum unguento,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

os sale trito,

Col. 7, 10, 3:

boves,

id. 2, 3, 1:

confricatis dentibus atque gingivis,

Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 31: faciem sibi, * Suet. Claud. 8 fin.:

oculum,

Veg. Art. Vet. 3, 20, 1.—

Meton.:

genua,

i. e. to touch the knees in earnest entreaty, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 80.

con-quĭesco, quĭēvi, quĭētum, 3 ( perf. sync. conquiesti, Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

conquierit,

Cels. 6, 6, n. 34; 7, 19 fin.; inf. conquiesse, Liv. 30, 13, 12), v. n., to be wholly at rest, to rest, take rest, to repose (in good prose; most freq. in Cic., esp. in the transf. and trop. signif.).

Lit., to rest, be at rest, to cease from exertion, to be idle or inactive, to be in repose, etc.

In gen.

Absol.:

videmus igitur, ut conquiescere ne infantes quidem possint,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 55; id. Fam. 1, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 26, 72:

(in Tusculano) ex omnibus molestiis et laboribus,

id. Att. 1, 5, 7:

ante iter confectum,

to take rest, to halt, Caes. B. C. 3, 75; Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 8:

juvenem instigat, nec conquiescere ipsa potest,

Liv. 1, 47, 6; 21, 10, 3; 30, 13, 12:

qui non concoxit, ex toto conquiescere (debet), ac neque labori se, neque exercitationi, neque negotiis credere,

Cels. 1, 2 init. —

With ab or ex and abl.:

ex omnibus molestiis et laboribus uno illo in loco conquiescimus,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 7:

a continuis bellis,

id. Balb. 1, 3.—

In partic., of sleep, to take repose, take a nap:

meridie,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46: paulisper post cibum meridianum, * Suet. Aug. 78.—Hence, prov.:

de istac re in oculum utrumvis conquiescito,

i. e. you may be entirely easy, unconcerned, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 121 (cf. auris, I. A.).—

To give the voice rest, pause (in speaking): no tatur enim maxime similitudo in conquiescendo, [p. 425] Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191.—

In gen., to pause, stop:

illam furiam pestemque... nec conquiesse, donec ipsa manibus suis nefaria sibi arma adversus hospitem indueret,

Liv. 30, 13, 12; cf.:

quia tu nisi perfectā re de me non conquiesti,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

profecto numquam conquiescam neque defatigabor ante, quam illorum vias percepero, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—

Trop.

Of inanimate and abstract things as subjects, to stop, pause, rest, be quiet, to be at rest, be in repose, etc.:

quando illius postea sica conquievit?

Cic. Mil. 14, 37:

navigatio mercatorum,

is stopped, closed, id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15:

vectigal,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 21:

litterae, nisi quid novi exstiterit,

id. Att. 12, 39 fin.:

non manes, non stirps (ejus viri),

Liv. 21, 10, 3:

imbre conquiescente,

id. 24, 47, 1:

omnia bella jure gentium conquiescant,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42:

si Italia a delectu, urbs ab armis sine Milonis clade numquam esset conquietura,

id. Mil. 25, 68:

manes a posterorum execrationibus,

Plin. Pan. 53 fin. —In medic. lang.:

febris,

Cels. 2, 8:

inflammatio,

id. 7, 19 fin.:

sanguis,

id. 5, 26, 21 al. —

(Cf. acquiesco, II.) To enjoy entire repose, to find rest, recreation, pleasure in something.

Absol.:

habebam, quo confugerem, ubi conquiescerem,

Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

nec nocte nec interdiu virum conquiescere pati,

Liv. 1, 47, 1:

nec conquiescere socios vestros posse, quoad regia Pergami sit,

be at peace, id. 42, 42, 6:

ubi aures convicio defessae conquiescant,

Cic. Arch. 6, 12:

ambitio non patitur quemquam in eādem mensurā honorum conquiescere, quā, etc.,

Sen. Ben. 2, 27, 3.—

With in and abl.:

in nostris studiis libentissime conquiescimus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 5; so,

in amore atque in adulescentiā tuā,

id. ib. 2, 1 fin.:

in amici mutuā benevolentiā,

id. Lael. 6, 22.