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121 neomexicano
adj.New Mexican.m.New Mexican, native or inhabitant of New Mexico. -
122 cantina
(Sp. model spelled same [kantína] < Italian cantina 'wine cellar, wine shop')1) Watts: 1875. In the Southwest, especially Texas, a saloon or tavern; a Mexican wineshop.2) According to Watts, "a pocket of a mochila." Blevins notes that the Pony Express used mochilas with pockets, or cantinas, to carry mail.3) Southwest: 1844. A saddlebag or other container hung from the saddle. Blevins references cantina as "a leather box packed by a mule."Alternate form: cantiness.4) Watts: 1942. A receptacle used to heat liquids; a coffeepot. This definition is similar to the English canteen, a tin or wooden container used to hold water or liquor used by travelers, soldiers, or workmen. It is unknown whether this meaning derives from Spanish or whether the Spanish term has been extended to be synonymous with canteen. The DRAE gives several definitions for cantina, among them a shop where liquor and other provisions are sold; a box made of wood, metal, or cork and covered with leather and divided into various compartments for carrying food; and (especially in Mexico) two squarish leather bags with lids that are hung from either side of a saddletree, similar to the more antiquated alforjas. They are used for carrying foodstuffs. Islas and Santamaría concur with the definitions in the DRAE, with a few exceptions. Islas indicates that the bags may be round or square, they hang from the cantle rather than the saddletree, and they are used to carry all sorts of provisions for the rider, not just food. He also mentions that the term is generally used in the plural. Santamaría notes that the cantinas have replaced the older alforjas, árganas (wicker baskets used as packsad-dles), and cojinillos (another name for saddlebags, these were generally bags or small wicker baskets). Cobos states that in New Mexico and Colorado a cantina can be either a bar or tavern or a large wallet or leather box. None of the Spanish sources consulted concurred with senses (2) and (4). Perhaps (2) is an extension of (3), and (4) did not come from Spanish but was later used as an alternate term for the English canteen. -
123 cañada
(Sp. model spelled same [kaɲáða] < Latin cannam 'cane' and the Spanish derivational suffix - ada 'abundance or content.' Corominas indicates that cañada, meaning receptacle or measurement for water, comes from canna, in the sense of 'a tube through which liquid flows out of the receptacle or instrument for measurement')Bentley: 1836. A valley or dale between mountains. Bentley says that this term is synonymous with arroyo and canyon in the Southwest. Hoy notes that it may also refer to a drainage or tributary forged by a spring; alternately, it may have as its referent a water- and soil-filled basin of arable land. This term is not common in English, where, according to Bentley, it is used more in writing than in speaking. The definitions found in English sources correspond to those found in Spanish sources. The DRAE defines cañada as a narrow piece of land between two higher points. Islas adds that the higher points are generally hills or hillocks. Santamaría indicates that in Mexico it refers to a cornfield just after a harvest, and in Cuba it is a small arroyo or waterway that is dry during part of the year. According to Cobos, in New Mexico and southern Colorado, a cañada may be "a dry riverbed or a small canyon in the sierra." -
124 colear
(Sp. model spelled same [koléar] < cola < Vulgar Latin coda 'tail' < Latin cauda; the /l/ may result from a blend with the Spanish culo 'bottom or backside')New Mexico: 1844. Used as a verb, it means "to throw an animal by the tail," according to the DARE. As a noun, it refers to the act of throwing an animal in such a way. The DRAE defines colear as a transitive verb (used in the context of a bullfight) meaning to throw a bull by the tail, especially when the bull is about to charge a fallen picador. The DRAE also notes that in Mexico and Venezuela, it means to catch a bull by the tail while riding by on horseback and then, holding the animal's tail under the right leg against the saddle, to throw the bull with a lunge by the horse. Santamaría concurs.Alternate forms: to colear (verb), coleo (noun), colliar. -
125 gotch
( gacho [gát∫o], probably a postverbal adjective derived from agachar 'to lower, bend; squat' of uncertain origin)Kansas: 1905; Arizona: 1910. As Clark notes, drooping or askew, as an ear on a horse or donkey. The DRAE references gacho as an adjective meaning curved or drooping downward. It also describes a cow or ox that has one or both horns drooping downward; in Spanish the term may also refer to the horn itself. Santamaría concurs and adds that in Mexico the adjective is also used to describe an animal that, because of an accident or illness, has lost the ability to move one or both ears, hence the ears are always drooping. Cobos notes that in New Mexico and Southern Colorado Spanish gacho means bad or lousy, and Galván references it as ugly or ridiculous. -
126 guaco
(Sp. model spelled same [gwáko], of American Indian origin, perhaps from a native Caribbean or Nicaraguan language)1) New Mexico: 1844. According to the DARE, "the Rocky Mountain bee plant." Sources for the DARE give the family Capparidacae for one variety of this plant and the Latin name Cleome serrulata Pursh for another.2) An extract from the Rocky Mountain bee plant that is used as a black pigment for Pueblo pottery designs. The DRAE describes it as a composite plant with vinelike stalks from sixteen to twenty-two yards long; large oval-shaped leaves that have heart-shaped bases and pointed tips; and bell-shaped, noxious-smelling white flowers in groups of four. It is a liana native to intertropical America and its leaves, when boiled, are considered protection against venomous animal bites, intestinal obstructions, rheumatism, and cholera. Santamaría concurs with the definition provided by the DRAE and adds that guaca and huaco are alternate forms in Mexico. He also provides Mikania genoclada, M. guaco, M. houstonis, M. coriacea, M. repanda, M. angulata, M. aristolochya, and Eupatorium mikania as various genera and species for the plant. Cobos glosses guaco as either a stinkweed or a name for the Rocky Mountain bee plant, whose roots are used to make a black paint. -
127 hacienda
(Sp. model spelled same [asjénda]< Latin facienda 'things that must be done,' plural neuter form of the future passive participle of facere, which originally meant 'affairs; matters,' then 'goods, riches,' then 'the administration of the goods and riches belonging to the state'; compare ganado)1) New Mexico: 1810. The central compound or main building located on a large ranch or estate. This central compound consisted primarily of the rancher's living quarters. By extension, the term is used in the Southwest to refer to any large Spanish-style home.2) Texas: 1825. The ranch or estate itself, particularly if it was large or extensive. The DRAE gives several meanings for hacienda, among them a piece of land dedicated to agriculture, or a collective term for the livestock owned by a farmer. Santamaría notes that in Mexico a rancho is a farm of little importance, and a hacienda is a larger, more important agricultural venture. -
128 pelado
(Sp. model spelled same [peláðo] 'bald; poor,' perfective participle of pelar 'to pull out hair' < Latin pilare)Clark: 1840s. Among Anglos, a dishonest, unemployed, or contemptible Mexican. Referenced in the DRAE as a poor person or (in Mexico) a person belonging to the poorest and most uncultured classes, a boor. Santamaría also glosses it primarily as a poor person, but also a popular figure from the lower classes. He is a ragged, wretched, and uncultured person, but generally good-natured. It may also refer figuratively to an ill-mannered person who uses obscene language. Cobos indicates that in New Mexico and southern Colorado it means "broke or penniless."Alternate forms: palau, pelayo.
См. также в других словарях:
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