janua+o

jānŭa, ae, f. [Janus, i. e. ianus, from i, ire; cf. Sanscr. yāna, itio, incessus, from yā, ire], a door, house-door.

Lit.: principem in sacrificando Janum esse voluerunt, quod ab eundo nomen est ductum: ex quo transitiones perviae, jani;

foresque in liminibus profanarum aedium januae nominantur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67:

claudere,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

januam occludere,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 11:

pultare,

id. Poen. 3, 4, 30:

ante ostium et januam,

id. Pers. 5, 1, 6:

indiligenter observare,

id. As. 2, 2, 7:

reserare,

Ov. H. 4, 141:

frangere,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 128.—The dog was commonly chained there;

hence, janua mordax,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 1; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 126 sq.—

Transf., an entrance of any sort:

inferni janua regis,

Verg. A. 6, 106; cf.:

atri janua Ditis,

id. ib. 6, 127:

mortis,

Sil. 11, 187:

leti,

Val. Fl. 4, 23:

cum eam urbem sibi Mithridates Asiae januam fore putasset,

the key of Asia, Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

hic locus est gemini janua vasta maris,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 32.—

Trop., an entrance, approach:

qua nolui janua sum ingressus in causam,

Cic. Planc. 3, 8:

facillime vos ad ea, quae cupitis, perventuros, ab hoc aditu januaque patefacta,

id. de Or. 1, 47, 204:

illa januam Famae patefecit,

Plin. Ep. 1, 18, 4; Val. Fl. 4, 231:

vultus ac frons, quae est animi janua,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 11, 44:

ego sum ostium,

Vulg. Johan. 10, 2.

fulcĭo, fulsi, fultum, 4 (late form perf. FVLCIVIT, Inscr. ap. Mur. 466, 3.— Part. perf.:

fulcītus,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 46), v. a. [etym. dub.; cf.: falx, flccto; Corss. refers it to root dhar-; v. firmus, Ausspr. 1, 476], to prop up, to keep upright by props, to stay, support (class.; syn.: sustento, sustineo, munio).

Lit.:

qui fulcire putatur porticum Stoicorum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 75:

aliquid trabibus,

Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 89:

Atlas, caelum qui vertice fulcit,

Verg. A. 4, 247:

vitis nisi fulta est, fertur ad terram,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 52:

ruentes ceras,

Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 23:

illum Balbutit Scaurum pravis fultum male talis,

supported, Hor. S. 1, 3, 48; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 88:

quod non Taenariis domus est mihi fulta columnis,

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 49:

longis Numidarum fulta columnis cenatio,

Juv. 7, 182; 3, 193:

si mutuatus pecuniam aedificia ruentia fulserit,

Gai. Inst. 4, 73:

me prior fultusque toro meliore,

Juv. 3, 82: et pulvino fultus, supported by, resting on the pillow, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. E. 6, 53:

ille (juvencus) latus niveum molli fultus byacintho,

Verg. E. 6, 53; cf. effultus; so absol.:

colloco, fulcio,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 10:

caput nivei fultum Pallantis,

propped up, bolstered, Verg. A. 11, 39.— Impers.:

sat sic fultumst mihi,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 37.— Poet.:

tu (potes) pedibus teneris positas fulcire pruinas?

i. e. to tread the fallen snow, Prop. 1, 8, 7:

stant fulti pulvere crines,

supported, stiffened, Stat. Th. 3, 326.—

Transf., to make strong or fast, to fasten, secure, support, strengthen ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

fultosque emuniit obice postes,

fastened, guarded, Verg. A. 8, 227; cf.:

appositā janua fulta serā,

Ov. A. A. 2, 244:

et dura janua fulta sera,

Tib. 1, 2, 6:

omnia debet cibus integrare novando Et fulcire cibus, cibus omnia sustentare,

to support, strengthen, Lucr. 2, 1147:

stomachum cibo,

Sen. Ep. 68 med.:

venas cadentes vino,

id. ib. 95; cf. Col. 6, 24, 4.—

Trop.

To support, sustain, uphold:

veterem amicum suum labentem excepit, fulsit et sustinuit re, fortuna, fide,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43; cf.:

labantem et prope cadentem rem publicam fulcire,

id. Phil. 2, 21, 51:

domum pluribus adminiculis ante fundatam fulcit ac sustinet,

Plin. Ep. 4, 21, 3;

cf: ingenia rudia nullisque artium bonarum adminiculis fulta,

Gell. 6, 2, 8:

hoc consilio et quasi senatu fultus et munitus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9:

aliquem litteris,

id. Att. 5, 21, 14:

magnis subsidiis fulta res publica est,

id. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

imperium gloria fultum et benevolentiā sociorum,

id. Off. 3, 22, 88:

his fultus societatibus atque amicitiis,

Liv. 42, 12, 8; 3, 60, 9; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 11; cf.:

quia nullis recentibus subsidiis fulta prima acies fuit,

Liv. 9, 32, 9:

quo praesidio cum fulta res Romana esset,

id. 7, 12, 8:

causa Gaditanorum gravissimis et plurimis rebus est fulta,

Cic. Balb. 15, 35:

serie fulcite genus,

i. e. to keep up, preserve, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 69.—

Poet., to besiege, oppress:

(Pacuvii) Antiopa aerumnis cor luctificabile fulta,

Pers. 1, 78 (perh. a word of Pacuv.).

ăd-ĕo, ĭī, and rarely īvi, ĭtum (arch. adirier for adiri, Enn. Rib. Trag. p. 59), 4, v. n. and a. (acc. to Paul. ex Fest. should be accented a/deo; v. Fest. s. v. adeo, p. 19 Müll.; cf. the foll. word), to go to or approach a person or thing (syn.: accedo, aggredior, advenio, appeto).

Lit.

In gen., constr.

With ad (very freq.): sed tibi cautim est adeundum ad virum, Att. ap. Non. 512, 10:

neque eum ad me adire neque me magni pendere visu'st,

Plaut. Cur. 2, 2, 12:

adeamne ad eam?

Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; id. Eun. 3, 5, 30: aut ad consules aut ad te aut ad Brutum adissent, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 208, 5:

ad M. Bibulum adierunt, id. Fragm. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: ad aedis nostras nusquam adiit,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 24:

adibam ad istum fundum,

Cic. Caec. 29 —

With in: priusquam Romam atque in horum conventum adiretis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26 ed. Halm.—Esp.: adire in jus, to go to law:

cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,

Cic. Verr. 4, § 147; id. Att. 11, 24; Caes. B. C. 1, 87, and in the Plebiscit. de Thermens. lin. 42: QVO DE EA RE IN IOVS ADITVM ERIT, cf. Dirks., Versuche S. p. 193.—

Absol.:

adeunt, consistunt, copulantur dexteras,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 38:

eccum video: adibo,

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 5.—

With acc.:

ne Stygeos adeam non libera manes,

Ov. M. 13, 465:

voces aetherias adiere domos,

Sil. 6, 253:

castrorum vias,

Tac. A. 2, 13:

municipia,

id. ib. 39:

provinciam,

Suet. Aug. 47:

non poterant adire eum,

Vulg. Luc. 8, 19:

Graios sales carmine patrio,

to attain to, Verg. Cat. 11, 62; so with latter supine:

planioribus aditu locis,

places easier to approach, Liv. 1, 33.—With local adv.:

quoquam,

Sall. J. 14:

huc,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 60.—

Esp.,

To approach one for the purpose of addressing, asking aid, consulting, and the like, to address, apply to, consult (diff. from aggredior, q. v.). —Constr. with ad or oftener with acc.; hence also pass.:

quanto satius est, adire blandis verbis atque exquaerere, sintne illa, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 35:

aliquot me adierunt,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 2:

adii te heri de filia,

id. Hec. 2, 2, 9: cum pacem peto, cum placo, cum adeo, et cum appello meam, Lucil. ap. Non. 237, 28:

ad me adire quosdam memini, qui dicerent,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10:

coram adire et alloqui,

Tac. H. 4, 65.— Pass.:

aditus consul idem illud responsum retulit,

when applied to, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:

neque praetores adiri possent,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5.—Hence: adire aliquem per epistulam, to address one in writing, by a letter:

per epistulam, aut per nuntium, quasi regem, adiri eum aiunt,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 9 and 10; cf. Tac. A. 4, 39; id. H. 1, 9.—So also: adire deos, aras, deorum sedes, etc., to approach the gods, their altars, etc., as a suppliant (cf.:

acced. ad aras,

Lucr. 5, 1199): quoi me ostendam? quod templum adeam? Att. ap. Non. 281, 6:

ut essent simulacra, quae venerantes deos ipsos se adire crederent,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27:

adii Dominum et deprecatus sum,

Vulg. Sap. 8, 21:

aras,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1:

sedes deorum,

Tib. 1, 5, 39:

libros Sibyllinos,

to consult the Sibylline Books, Liv. 34, 55; cf. Tac. A. 1, 76:

oracula,

Verg. A. 7, 82.—

To go to a thing in order to examine it, to visit:

oppida castellaque munita,

Sall. J. 94:

hiberna,

Tac. H. 1, 52.—

To come up to one in a hostile manner, to assail, attack:

aliquem: nunc prior adito tu, ego in insidiis hic ero,

Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 52:

nec quisquam ex agmine tanto audet adire virum,

Verg. A. 5, 379:

Servilius obvia adire arma jubetur,

Sil. 9, 272.

Fig.

To go to the performance of any act, to enter upon, to undertake, set about, undergo, submit to (cf.: accedo, aggredior, and adorior).—With ad or the acc. (class.):

nunc eam rem vult, scio, mecum adire ad pactionem,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 25:

tum primum nos ad causas et privatas et publicas adire coepimus,

Cic. Brut. 90:

adii causas oratorum, id. Fragm. Scaur. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: adire ad rem publicam,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

ad extremum periculum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 7.—With acc.:

periculum capitis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38:

laboribus susceptis periculisque aditis,

id. Off. 1, 19:

in adeundis periculis,

id. ib. 24; cf.:

adeundae inimicitiae, subeundae saepe pro re publica tempestates,

id. Sest. 66, 139: ut vitae periculum aditurus videretur, Auct. B. G. 8, 48: maximos labores et summa pericula. Nep. Timol. 5:

omnem fortunam,

Liv. 25, 10:

dedecus,

Tac. A. 1, 39:

servitutem voluntariam,

id. G. 24:

invidiam,

id. A. 4, 70:

gaudia,

Tib. 1, 5, 39.—Hence of an inheritance, t. t., to enter on:

cum ipse hereditatem patris non adisses,

Cic. Phil. 2, 16; so id. Arch. 5; Suet. Aug. 8 and Dig.;

hence also: adire nomen,

to assume the name bequeathed by will, Vell. 2, 60.—

Adire manum alicui, prov., to deceive one, to make sport of (the origin of this phrase is unc.; Acidalius conjectures that it arose from some artifice practised in wrestling, Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 8):

eo pacto avarae Veneri pulcre adii manum,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 11; so id. Aul. 2, 8, 8; id. Cas. 5, 2, 54; id. Pers. 5, 2, 18.

ăd-ĕō̆, adv. [cf. quoad and adhuc] (acc. to Festus, it should be accented adéo, v. the preced. word; but this distinction is merely a later invention of the grammarians; [p. 33] cf. Gell. 7, 7).

In the ante-class. per.,

To designate the limit of space or time, with reference to the distance passed through; hence often accompanied by usque (cf. ad), to this, thus far, so far, as far.

Of space:

surculum artito usque adeo, quo praeacueris,

fit in the scion as far as you have sharpened it, Cato, R. R. 40, 3.— Hence: res adeo rediit, the affair has gone so far (viz., in deterioration, “cum aliquid pejus exspectatione contigit,” Don. ad Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 5):

postremo adeo res rediit: adulescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 61; cf. id. Ph. 1, 2, 5.—

Of time, so long ( as), so long ( till), strengthened by usque, and with dum, donec, following, and in Cic. with quoad:

merces vectatum undique adeo dum, quae tum haberet, peperisset bona,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 76; 3, 4, 72; id. Am. 1, 2, 10 al.:

nusquam destitit instare, suadere, orare, usque adeo donec perpulit,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 36; Cato, R. R. 67; id. ib. 76:

atque hoc scitis omnes usque adeo hominem in periculo fuisse, quoad scitum sit Sestium vivere,

Cic. Sest. 38, 82.—

For the purpose of equalizing two things in comparison, followed by ut: in the same degree or measure or proportion... in which; or so very, so much, so, to such a degree... as (only in comic poets), Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 38:

adeon hominem esse invenustum aut infelicem quemquam, ut ego sum?

Ter. And. 1, 5, 10.—Also followed by quasi, when the comparison relates to similarity:

gaudere adeo coepit, quasi qui cupiunt nuptias,

in the same manner as those rejoice who desire marriage, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 12.—

(Only in the comic poets) = ad haec, praeterea, moreover, besides, too: ibi tibi adeo lectus dabitur, ubi tu haud somnum capias ( beside the other annoyances), a bed, too, shall be given you there, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 80.—Hence also with etiam:

adeo etiam argenti faenus creditum audio,

besides too, id. Most. 3, 1, 101.—

(Only in the comic poets.) Adeo ut, for this purpose that, to the end that:

id ego continuo huic dabo, adeo me ut hic emittat manu,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 32:

id adeo te oratum advenio, ut, etc.,

id. Aul. 4, 10, 9:

adeo ut tu meam sententiam jam jam poscere possis, faciam, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 2, 26 (where Wagner now reads at ut):

atque adeo ut scire possis, factum ego tecum hoc divido,

id. Stich. 5, 4, 15. (These passages are so interpreted by Hand, I. p. 138; others regard adeo here = quin immo.)—

In narration, in order to put one person in strong contrast with another. It may be denoted by a stronger emphasis upon the word to be made conspicuous, or by yet, on the contrary, etc.:

jam ille illuc ad erum cum advenerit, narrabit, etc.: ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 4 sq.; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 8 al.

To the Latin of every period belongs the use of this word,

To give emphasis to an idea in comparison, so, so much, so very, with verbs, adjectives, and substantives:

adeo ut spectare postea omnīs oderit,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 65:

neminem quidem adeo infatuare potuit, ut ei nummum ullum crederet,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

adeoque inopia est coactus Hannibal, ut, etc.,

Liv. 22, 32, 3 Weiss.:

et voltu adeo modesto, adeo venusto, ut nil supra,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 92:

nemo adeo ferus est, ut, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39.—With usque:

adeo ego illum cogam usque, ut mendicet meus pater,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 10:

usque adeo turbatur,

even so much, so continually, Verg. E. 1, 12; Curt. 10, 1, 42; Luc. 1, 366.—In questions:

adeone me fuisse fungum, ut qui illi crederem?

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 49:

adeone hospes hujus urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias?

Cic. Rab. 10, 28; so id. Phil. 2, 7, 15; id. Fam. 9, 10; Liv. 2, 7, 10; 5, 6, 4.—With a negative in both clauses, also with quin in the last:

non tamen adeo virtutum sterile saeculum, ut non et bona exempla prodiderit,

Tac. H. 1, 3; so Suet. Oth. 9:

verum ego numquam adeo astutus fui, quin, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 13.—

Sometimes the concluding clause is to be supplied from the first: quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciat urbem?... non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, viz.,

that we know not the Trojans and their history, Verg. A. 1, 565:

adeo senuerunt Juppiter et Mars?

Juv. 6, 59.—Hence (post-Cic.): adeo non ut... adeo nihil ut... so little that, so far from that... (in reference to which, it should be noticed that in Latin the negative is blended with the verb in one idea, which is qualified by adeo) = tantum abest ut: haec dicta adeo nihil moverunt quemquam, ut legati prope violati sint, these words left them all so unmoved that, etc., or had so little effect, etc., Liv. 3, 2, 7: qui adeo non tenuit iram, ut gladio cinctum in senatum venturum se esse palam diceret, who restrained his anger so little that, etc. (for, qui non—tenuit iram adeo, ut), id. 8, 7, 5; so 5, 45, 4; Vell. 2, 66, 4: Curt. 3, 12, 22.—Also with contra in the concluding clause:

apud hostes Afri et Carthaginienses adeo non sustinebant, ut contra etiam pedem referrent,

Liv. 30, 34, 5. —

Adeo is placed enclitically after its word, like quidem, certe, and the Gr. ge, even, indeed, just, precisely. So,

Most freq. with pronouns, in order to render prominent something before said, or foll., or otherwise known (cf. in Gr. egôge, suge, autos ge, etc., Viger. ed. Herm. 489, vi. and Zeun.): argentariis male credi qui aiunt, nugas praedicant: nam et bene et male credi dico; id adeo hodie ego expertus sum, just this (touto ge), Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 1; so id. Aul. 2, 4, 10; 4, 2, 15; id. Am. 1, 1, 98; 1, 2, 6; id. Ep. 1, 1, 51; 2, 2, 31; 5, 2, 40; id. Poen. 1, 2, 57: plerique homines, quos, cum nihil refert, pudet;

ubi pudendum'st ibi eos deserit pudor, is adeo tu es,

you are just such a one, id. Ep. 2, 1, 2:

cui tu obsecutus, facis huic adeo injuriam,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 68: tute adeo jam ejus verba audies, you yourself shall hear what he has to say (suge akousêi), Ter. And. 3, 3, 27: Dolabella tuo nihil scito mihi esse jucundius: hanc adeo habebo gratiam illi, i. e. hanc, quae maxima est, gratiam (tautên ge tên charin), Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16:

haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt,

even this, Verg. A. 11, 275.—It is often to be translated by the intensive and, and just, etc. (so esp. in Cic. and the histt.): id adeo, si placet, considerate, just that (touto ge skopeite), Cic. Caec. 30, 87:

id adeo ex ipso senatus consulto cognoscite,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 64, 143; cf. id. Clu. 30, 80:

ad hoc quicumque aliarum atque senatus partium erant, conturbari remp., quam minus valere ipsi malebant. Id adeo malum multos post annos in civitatem reverterat,

And just this evil, Sall. C. 37, 11; so 37, 2; id. J. 68, 3; Liv. 2, 29, 9; 4, 2, 2: id adeo manifestum erit, si cognoverimus, etc., and this, precisely this, will be evident, if, etc., Quint. 2, 16, 18 Spald.—It is rarely used with ille:

ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 6.—Sometimes with the rel. pron.: quas adeo haud quisquam liber umquam tetigit, Plaut: Poen. 1, 2, 57; Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 37. —With interrog. pron.:

Quis adeo tam Latinae linguae ignarus est, quin, etc.,

Gell. 7, 17.—Adeo is joined with the pers. pron. when the discourse passes from one person to another, and attention is to be particularly directed to the latter: Juppiter, tuque adeo summe Sol, qui res omnes inspicis, and thou especially, and chiefly thou, Enn. ap. Prob.:

teque adeo decus hoc aevi inibit,

Verg. E. 4, 11; id. G. 1, 24: teque, Neptune, invoco, vosque adeo venti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73;

and without the copulative: vos adeo... item ego vos virgis circumvinciam,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 25.— Ego adeo often stands for ego quidem, equidem (egôge):

tum libertatem Chrysalo largibere: ego adeo numquam accipiam,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 30; so id. Mil. 4, 4, 55; id. Truc. 4, 3, 73:

ego adeo hanc primus inveni viam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 16:

nec me adeo fallit,

Verg. A. 4, 96.—Ipse adeo (autos ge), for the sake of emphasis:

atque hercle ipsum adeo contuor,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 24:

ipsum adeo praesto video cum Davo,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 4:

ipse adeo senis ductor Rhoeteus ibat pulsibus,

Sil. 14, 487.—

With the conditional conjj. si, nisi, etc. (Gr. ei ge), if indeed, if truly:

nihili est autem suum qui officium facere immemor est, nisi adeo monitus,

unless, indeed, he is reminded of it, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 2: Si. Num illi molestae quippiam hae sunt nuptiae? Da. Nihil Hercle: aut si adeo, bidui est aut tridui haec sollicitudo, and if, indeed, etc. (not if also, for also is implied in aut), Ter. And. 2, 6, 7.—

With adverbs: nunc adeo (nun ge), Plaut. As. 3, 1, 29; id. Mil. 2, 2, 4; id. Merc. 2, 2, 57; id. Men. 1, 2, 11; id. Ps. 1, 2, 52; id. Rud. 3, 4, 23; Ter. And. 4, 5, 26; Verg. A. 9, 156: jam adeo (dê ge), id. ib. 5, 268; Sil. 1, 20; 12, 534; Val. Fl. 3, 70. umquam adeo, Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 23:

inde adeo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1:

hinc adeo,

Verg. E. 9, 59: sic adeo (houtôs ge), id. A. 4, 533; Sil. 12, 646:

vix adeo,

Verg. A. 6, 498:

non adeo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 57; Verg. A. 11, 436. —

With adjectives = vel, indeed, even, very, fully:

quot adeo cenae, quas deflevi, mortuae!

how very many suppers, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 59: quotque adeo fuerint, qui temnere superbum... Lucil. ap. Non. 180, 2: nullumne malorum finem adeo poenaeque dabis (adeo separated from nullum by poet. license)? wilt thou make no end at all to calamity and punishment? Val. Fl. 4, 63:

trīs adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus,

three whole days we wander about, Verg. A. 3, 203; 7, 629.—And with comp. or the adv. magis, multo, etc.:

quae futura et quae facta, eloquar: multo adeo melius quam illi, cum sim Juppiter,

very much better, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 3; so id. Truc. 2, 1, 5:

magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā, contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15.—

With the conjj. sive, aut, vel, in order to annex a more important thought, or to make a correction, or indeed, or rather, or even only:

sive qui ipsi ambīssent, seu per internuntium, sive adeo aediles perfidiose quoi duint,

Plaut. Am. prol. 71:

si hercle scivissem, sive adeo joculo dixisset mihi, se illam amare,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 33; so id. Truc. 4, 3, 1; id. Men. 5, 2, 74; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 9: nam si te tegeret pudor, sive adeo cor sapientia imbutum foret, Pacuv. ap. Non. 521, 10:

mihi adeunda est ratio, quā ad Apronii quaestum, sive adeo, quā ad istius ingentem immanemque praedam possim pervenire,

or rather, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 46, 110; Verg. A. 11, 369; so, atque adeo:

ego princeps in adjutoribus atque adeo secundus,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9.—

With the imperative, for emphasis, like tandem, modo, dum, the Germ. so, and the Gr. ge (cf. L. and S.), now, I pray:

propera adeo puerum tollere hinc ab janua,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 20 (cf. xullabete g auton, Soph. Phil. 1003).—

Like admodum or nimis, to give emphasis to an idea (for the most part only in comic poets, and never except with the positive of the adj.; cf. Consent. 2023 P.), indeed, truly, so very, so entirely:

nam me ejus spero fratrem propemodum jam repperisse adulescentem adeo nobilem,

so very noble, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:

nec sum adeo informis,

nor am I so very ugly, Verg. E. 2, 25:

nam Caii Luciique casu non adeo fractus,

Suet. Aug. 65:

et merito adeo,

and with perfect right, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 42:

etiam num credis te ignorarier aut tua facta adeo,

do you, then, think that they are ignorant of you or your conduct entirely? id. Ph. 5, 8, 38.—

To denote what exceeds expectation, even: quam omnium Thebis vir unam esse optimam dijudicat, quamque adeo cives Thebani rumificant probam, and whom even the Thebans (who are always ready to speak evil of others) declare to be an honest woman, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 44.— Hence also it denotes something added to the rest of the sentence, besides, too, over and above, usually in the connection: -que adeo (rare, and never in prose; cf.

adhuc, I.): quin te Di omnes perdant qui me hodie oculis vidisti tuis, meque adeo scelestum,

and me too, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 122; cf. id. 4, 2, 32:

haec adeo tibi me, ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia jussit,

Verg. A. 7, 427.

After Caesar and Cicero (the only instance of this use adduced from Cicero's works, Off. 1, 11, 36, being found in a passage rejected by the best critics, as B. and K.).

For adding an important and satisfactory reason to an assertion, and then it always stands at the beginning of the clause, indeed, for:

cum Hanno perorāsset, nemini omnium cum eo certare necesse fuit: adeo prope omnis senatus Hannibalis erat: the idea is,

Hanno's speech, though so powerful, was ineffectual, and did not need a reply; for all the senators belonged to the party of Hannibal, Liv. 21, 11, 1; so id. 2, 27, 3; 2, 28, 2; 8, 37, 2; Tac. Ann. 1, 50, 81; Juv. 3, 274; 14, 233.—Also for introducing a parenthesis: sed ne illi quidem ipsi satis mitem gentem fore (adeo ferocia atque indomita [p. 34] ingenia esse) ni subinde auro... principum animi concilientur, Liv. 21, 20, 8; so id. 9, 26, 17; 3, 4, 2; Tac. A. 2, 28.—

When to a specific fact a general consideration is added as a reason for it, so, thus (in Livy very often):

haud dubius, facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore: adeo non fortuna modo, sed ratio etiam cum barbaris stabat,

thus not only fortune, but sagacity, was on the side of the barbarians, Liv. 5, 38, 4:

adeo ex parvis saepe magnarum momenta rerum pendent,

id. 27, 9, 1; so id. 4, 31, 5; 21, 33, 6; 28, 19; Quint. 1, 12, 7; Curt. 10, 2, 11; Tac. Agr. 1:

adeo in teneris consuescere multum est,

Verg. G. 2, 272.—

In advancing from one thought to another more important = immo, rather, indeed, nay: nulla umquam res publica ubi tantus paupertati ac parsimoniae honos fuerit: adeo, quanto rerum minus, tanto minus cupiditatis erat, Liv. praef. 11; so Gell. 11, 7; Symm. Ep. 1, 30, 37.—

With a negative after ne—quidem or quoque, so much the more or less, much less than, still less (post-Aug.):

hujus totius temporis fortunam ne deflere quidem satis quisquam digne potuit: adeo nemo exprimere verbis potest,

still less can one describe: it by words, Vell. 2, 67, 1:

ne tecta quidem urbis, adeo publicum consilium numquam adiit,

still less, Tac. A. 6, 15; so id. H. 3, 64; Curt. 7, 5, 35:

favore militum anxius et superbia viri aequalium quoque, adeo superiorum intolerantis,

who could not endure his equals even, much less his superiors, Tac. H. 4, 80.—So in gen., after any negative: quaelibet enim ex iis artibus in paucos libros contrahi solet: adeo infinito spatio ac traditione opus non est, so much the less is there need, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 16; Plin. 17, 12, 35, § 179; Tac. H. 3, 39.—(The assumption of a causal signif. of adeo = ideo, propterea, rests upon false readings. For in Cael. Cic. Fam. 8, 15 we should read ideo, B. and K., and in Liv. 24, 32, 6, ad ea, Weiss.).—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 135-155.

ap-pōno ( adp-, Ritschl, Fleck., Lachm., Baiter, Halm; app-, Merk., Kayser, K. and H., Weissenb.), pōsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3, v. a. ( perf. apposivi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; App. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.; cf. pono), to place, put, or lay at, near or by the side of a thing; to apply to, add, unite, etc. (class. in prose and poetry; syn.: addo, adicio, adjungo).

Lit.

In gen.:

adpone hic mensulam,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 150:

appositas instruxere epulis mensas,

Ov. M. 8, 570; so id. ib. 8, 831:

sitellam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 11: Sy. Onus urget. Mi. At tu adpone, put it down then, id. Poen. 4, 2, 35:

illam alteram apud me, quod bonist, adponito,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 60:

munera eorum illis apponentur,

Vulg. Bar 6, 26:

At istos rastros interea tamen adpone,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37; so id. And. 4, 3, 10 al.:

aër Omnibus est rebus circumdatus adpositusque,

Lucr. 6, 1036; 3, 373:

omnes columnae machinā appositā dejectae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 144:

notam ad malum versum,

id. Pis. 30; so id. Fam. 13, 6; cf. Suet. Claud. 16: manus ad os (eorum more, qui secreto aliquid narrant, Manut.), Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1:

scalis appositis urbem defenderunt,

Liv. 37, 5:

adpositā aure ad glaciem,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103: adpositum in mensā lumen, Tac. A. 2, 31:

paenulam ad vulnus,

Suet. Ner. 49 et saep.:

dominum Adpositum flavis in Simoenta vadis,

Prop. 2, 9, 12.—So freq. of the putting on of garments, crowns, etc.:

cur tamen appositā velatur janua lauro,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 39:

gemmas toris,

id. H. 9, 60 Loers; cf.

the same,

id. ib. 7, 100:

meretrix Appositā populum submovet ante serā,

id. Am. 3, 14, 10 (cf.:

ponere seram,

Juv. 6, 347):

candelam valvis,

i. e. to set fire to, Juv. 9, 98 al. —

Esp.

Freq. as t. t. of food, dishes, to serve up, set before one (cf. Gr. paratithêmi;

the simple verb pono is often so used, q. v.): adposita sit cena,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 69:

apposuit eis mensam,

Vulg. Act. 16, 34:

adpositum est ampliter,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 160:

apposuit patellam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22:

Cenabat apud eum: argentum ille ceterum purum apposuerat, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 22, 49; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 91; id. Att. 6, 1; 14, 21; Liv. 1, 7; Plin. 8, 51, 78, § 210:

convivis panem et obsonia apponere,

Suet. Calig. 37; id. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 34; id. Galb. 12; Vitr. 13:

Appositaque est eis ciborum magna praeparatio,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 6, 23 al.;

Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 17; 2, 8, 69 al.—

Aliquem alicui or alicui rei, to appoint or designate one to any service or duty, to place in any station, to join to as an aid:

custodem Tullio me apponite,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51; so Tac. A. 4, 60; cf.: adpositus custodiae (dat.), id. ib. 1, 6;

2, 68: accusator apponitur civis Romanus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29, § 74; so id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 41 fin.:

calumniatores,

id. ib. 2, 2, 10:

praevaricatorem,

id. Phil. 2, 11:

non illicitatorem venditor adponet,

id. Off. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54:

custodes,

Nep. Dion, 4, 5:

moderator et magister consulibus appositus,

Liv. 2, 18, 6; so,

rectorem,

Suet. Aug. 48:

scrutatores,

id. Claud. 35 al. —

To put to something by way of increase, to add to, superadd (rare; cf.

addo, adicio): nihil his novum adposivi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; id. Trin. 4, 3, 18:

aetas illi, quos tibi dempserit, adponet annos,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 15:

exemplum,

Gell. 1, 13, 9:

si quis apposuerit ad haec, apponet Deus super illum etc.,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 18; ib. Gen. 49, 32.—

Trop.

Of the mind, to apply (eccl. Lat.):

appone cor ad doctrinam,

Vulg. Prov. 22, 17:

apposui cor meum, ut etc.,

ib. Eccl. 8, 16.—

In eccl. Lat., after the Hebrew, of an act, to do further, also to do something:

non apponet, ut complacitior sit adhuc?

Vulg. Psa. 76, 8; so ib. Act. 12, 3:

apposuerunt adhuc peccare,

ib. Psa. 77, 17; 88, 23.—

With a dat. of end, to set down for something, count, reckon, or consider as, to hold as (very rare):

cum is nil promereat, postulare id gratiae adponi sibi,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 32 (addi in gratiam suam, Don.):

aliquid lucro,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 15.—Hence, appŏsĭ-tus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., put or applied to, etc.

Of relations of space, placed or situated at or near to, contiguous to, bordering upon; constr. with dat.:

regio mari adposita,

Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 126:

platanus itineri,

id. 12, 1, 5, § 9:

castellum Lupiae flumini adpositum,

Tac. A. 2, 7.— Trop.:

audacia fidentiae non contrarium, sed appositum ac propinquum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165.—

Metaph.

Fit, proper, suitable, appropriate, apposite, etc. (like aptus, q. v.; hence in MSS. freq. interchanged with it; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 3, 11, 9); constr. with ad (in this signif. very freq. in Varr. and Cic.;

elsewhere very rare, perh. not found except in Quint. and Gell.): ager ad vitem adpositus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 5:

loca adposita ad faenum, ad vinum, ad oleum,

id. ib. 1, 23, 1:

equus ad medendum adpositus,

id. ib. 2, 7, 5:

(gallinae) adpositissimae ad partum,

id. ib. 3, 9, 9;

2, 10, 4: menses ad agendum maxime appositi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; 2, 5, 41 fin.; id. Att. 3, 14:

multo appositior ad deferenda,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57:

argumentatio appositissima ad judicationem,

id. Inv. 1, 14. —

Inclined to; constr. with dat.:

judex juri magis an aequo sit adpositus,

Quint. 4, 3, 11 (cf.:

adclinis falsis animus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 6).—

Subst.: appŏsĭtum, i, n., in rhet. and gram., an epithet, adjective:

adposita, quae epitheta dicuntur, ut dulce mustum,

Quint. 8, 2, 10; 2, 14, 3; 9, 4, 24.—Hence, appŏsĭtē, adv., suitably, fitly, etc.:

ad persuasionem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 5; cf. Spald ad Quint. 2, 15, 3 praeclare et apposite et facete scribere, Gell. 2, 23, 11 ( comp. and sup not used).

ap-pōno ( adp-, Ritschl, Fleck., Lachm., Baiter, Halm; app-, Merk., Kayser, K. and H., Weissenb.), pōsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3, v. a. ( perf. apposivi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; App. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.; cf. pono), to place, put, or lay at, near or by the side of a thing; to apply to, add, unite, etc. (class. in prose and poetry; syn.: addo, adicio, adjungo).

Lit.

In gen.:

adpone hic mensulam,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 150:

appositas instruxere epulis mensas,

Ov. M. 8, 570; so id. ib. 8, 831:

sitellam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 11: Sy. Onus urget. Mi. At tu adpone, put it down then, id. Poen. 4, 2, 35:

illam alteram apud me, quod bonist, adponito,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 60:

munera eorum illis apponentur,

Vulg. Bar 6, 26:

At istos rastros interea tamen adpone,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37; so id. And. 4, 3, 10 al.:

aër Omnibus est rebus circumdatus adpositusque,

Lucr. 6, 1036; 3, 373:

omnes columnae machinā appositā dejectae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 144:

notam ad malum versum,

id. Pis. 30; so id. Fam. 13, 6; cf. Suet. Claud. 16: manus ad os (eorum more, qui secreto aliquid narrant, Manut.), Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1:

scalis appositis urbem defenderunt,

Liv. 37, 5:

adpositā aure ad glaciem,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103: adpositum in mensā lumen, Tac. A. 2, 31:

paenulam ad vulnus,

Suet. Ner. 49 et saep.:

dominum Adpositum flavis in Simoenta vadis,

Prop. 2, 9, 12.—So freq. of the putting on of garments, crowns, etc.:

cur tamen appositā velatur janua lauro,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 39:

gemmas toris,

id. H. 9, 60 Loers; cf.

the same,

id. ib. 7, 100:

meretrix Appositā populum submovet ante serā,

id. Am. 3, 14, 10 (cf.:

ponere seram,

Juv. 6, 347):

candelam valvis,

i. e. to set fire to, Juv. 9, 98 al. —

Esp.

Freq. as t. t. of food, dishes, to serve up, set before one (cf. Gr. paratithêmi;

the simple verb pono is often so used, q. v.): adposita sit cena,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 69:

apposuit eis mensam,

Vulg. Act. 16, 34:

adpositum est ampliter,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 160:

apposuit patellam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22:

Cenabat apud eum: argentum ille ceterum purum apposuerat, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 22, 49; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 91; id. Att. 6, 1; 14, 21; Liv. 1, 7; Plin. 8, 51, 78, § 210:

convivis panem et obsonia apponere,

Suet. Calig. 37; id. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 34; id. Galb. 12; Vitr. 13:

Appositaque est eis ciborum magna praeparatio,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 6, 23 al.;

Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 17; 2, 8, 69 al.—

Aliquem alicui or alicui rei, to appoint or designate one to any service or duty, to place in any station, to join to as an aid:

custodem Tullio me apponite,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51; so Tac. A. 4, 60; cf.: adpositus custodiae (dat.), id. ib. 1, 6;

2, 68: accusator apponitur civis Romanus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29, § 74; so id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 41 fin.:

calumniatores,

id. ib. 2, 2, 10:

praevaricatorem,

id. Phil. 2, 11:

non illicitatorem venditor adponet,

id. Off. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54:

custodes,

Nep. Dion, 4, 5:

moderator et magister consulibus appositus,

Liv. 2, 18, 6; so,

rectorem,

Suet. Aug. 48:

scrutatores,

id. Claud. 35 al. —

To put to something by way of increase, to add to, superadd (rare; cf.

addo, adicio): nihil his novum adposivi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; id. Trin. 4, 3, 18:

aetas illi, quos tibi dempserit, adponet annos,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 15:

exemplum,

Gell. 1, 13, 9:

si quis apposuerit ad haec, apponet Deus super illum etc.,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 18; ib. Gen. 49, 32.—

Trop.

Of the mind, to apply (eccl. Lat.):

appone cor ad doctrinam,

Vulg. Prov. 22, 17:

apposui cor meum, ut etc.,

ib. Eccl. 8, 16.—

In eccl. Lat., after the Hebrew, of an act, to do further, also to do something:

non apponet, ut complacitior sit adhuc?

Vulg. Psa. 76, 8; so ib. Act. 12, 3:

apposuerunt adhuc peccare,

ib. Psa. 77, 17; 88, 23.—

With a dat. of end, to set down for something, count, reckon, or consider as, to hold as (very rare):

cum is nil promereat, postulare id gratiae adponi sibi,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 32 (addi in gratiam suam, Don.):

aliquid lucro,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 15.—Hence, appŏsĭ-tus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., put or applied to, etc.

Of relations of space, placed or situated at or near to, contiguous to, bordering upon; constr. with dat.:

regio mari adposita,

Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 126:

platanus itineri,

id. 12, 1, 5, § 9:

castellum Lupiae flumini adpositum,

Tac. A. 2, 7.— Trop.:

audacia fidentiae non contrarium, sed appositum ac propinquum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165.—

Metaph.

Fit, proper, suitable, appropriate, apposite, etc. (like aptus, q. v.; hence in MSS. freq. interchanged with it; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 3, 11, 9); constr. with ad (in this signif. very freq. in Varr. and Cic.;

elsewhere very rare, perh. not found except in Quint. and Gell.): ager ad vitem adpositus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 5:

loca adposita ad faenum, ad vinum, ad oleum,

id. ib. 1, 23, 1:

equus ad medendum adpositus,

id. ib. 2, 7, 5:

(gallinae) adpositissimae ad partum,

id. ib. 3, 9, 9;

2, 10, 4: menses ad agendum maxime appositi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; 2, 5, 41 fin.; id. Att. 3, 14:

multo appositior ad deferenda,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57:

argumentatio appositissima ad judicationem,

id. Inv. 1, 14. —

Inclined to; constr. with dat.:

judex juri magis an aequo sit adpositus,

Quint. 4, 3, 11 (cf.:

adclinis falsis animus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 6).—

Subst.: appŏsĭtum, i, n., in rhet. and gram., an epithet, adjective:

adposita, quae epitheta dicuntur, ut dulce mustum,

Quint. 8, 2, 10; 2, 14, 3; 9, 4, 24.—Hence, appŏsĭtē, adv., suitably, fitly, etc.:

ad persuasionem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 5; cf. Spald ad Quint. 2, 15, 3 praeclare et apposite et facete scribere, Gell. 2, 23, 11 ( comp. and sup not used).

ămo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (amāsso = amavero, Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 23; id. Curc. 4, 4, 22; id. Mil. 4, 2, 16; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 28 Müll.:

amāsse = amavisse,

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 11:

amantum = amantium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 4; Lucr. 4, 1077; Ov. A. A. 1, 439) [cf. Sanscr. kam = to love; hama = Sanscr. sam = Germ. sammt; Engl. same, Lat. similis; with the radical notion of likeness, union], to like, to love, eraô, phileô (both in the higher and the lower sense, opp. odisse; while diligere (agapô) designates esteem, regard; opp. neglegere or spernere; cf. Doed. Syn. IV. p. 97; in the high sense in the philos. writings and Epp. of Cicero; often in the low sense, esp. in the comic poets. In the Vulg. amo and amor are comparatively little used, prob. from their bad associations, amo being used 51 times and amor 20. Instead of these words, diligo, dilectio and caritas were used. Diligo (incl. dilectus) occurs 422 times, and dilectio and caritas 144 times in all; dilectio 43 and caritas 101 times).

In gen.:

quid autem est amare, nisi velle bonis aliquem adfici, quam maximis, etiamsi ad se ex iis nihil redeat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24:

amare autem nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames, nullā indigentiā, nullā utilitate quaesitā,

id. Am. 27, 100:

videas corde amare (eos) inter se,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:

liberi amare patrem atque matrem videntur,

Gell. 12, 1, 23:

qui amat patrem aut matrem,

Vulg. Matt. 6, 5:

ipse Pater amat vos, h. l. used of God,

ib. Joan. 16, 27:

Cicerones pueri amant inter se,

love each other, Cic. Att. 6, 1:

magis te quam oculos nunc amo meos,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 67:

quem omnes amare meritissimo debemus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 234.—So, amare aliquem ex animo, to love with all one's heart, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5:

unice patriam et cives,

id. Cat. 3, 5:

aliquem amore singulari,

id. Fam. 15, 20:

sicut mater unicum amat filium suum,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 1, 26:

dignus amari,

Verg. E. 5, 89.—Amare in ccntr. with diligere, as stronger, more affectionate: Clodius valde me diligit, vel, ut emphatikôteron dicam, valde me amat, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 1; id. Fam. 9, 14:

eum a me non diligi solum, verum etiam amari,

id. ib. 13, 47; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 421, 30 (Orell. IV. 2, p. 466); Plin. Ep. 3, 9.—But diligere, as indicative of esteem, is more emph. than amare, which denotes an instinctive or affectionate love:

non quo quemquam plus amem, aut plus diligam, Eo feci, sed, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 16:

homo nobilis, qui a suis et amari et diligi vellet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:

te semper amavi dilexique,

have loved and esteemed, id. Fam. 15, 7: diligis (agapais) me plus his? Etiam, Domine, tu scis quia amo (philô) te, Vulg. Joan. 21, 15 sqq., ubi v. Alford, Gr. Test. al.—Hence in asseverations: ita (sic) me dii (bene) ament or amabunt, so may the gods love me, by the love of the gods, most assuredly:

ita me di amabunt, etc.,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 30 (v. the pass. in its connection):

ita me di ament, credo,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 44:

non, ita me di bene ament,

id. Hec. 2, 1, 9:

sic me di amabunt, ut, etc.,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 54.—Hence also ellipt.: ita me Juppiter! (sc. amet or amabit), Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 31 (so in Engl. with different ellipsis, bless me! sc. God).—And as a salutation: Me. Salvus atque fortunatus, Euclio, semper sies. Eu. Di te ament, Me gadore, the gods bless you! Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 6 al.—

Esp.

Amare se, of vain men, to be in love with, to be pleased with one's self, also, to be selfish (used mostly by Cic.):

quam se ipse amans sine rivali!

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 8:

nisi nosmet ipsos valde amabimus,

id. Off. 1, 9, 29; so id. Att. 4, 16 med.; id. Har. Resp. 9:

homines se ipsos amantes,

Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 2.—

Of unlawful love, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 30:

ut videas eam medullitus me amare!

id. Most. 1, 3, 86 et saep.:

meum gnatum rumor est amare,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 14; 1, 2, 20 al.:

ibi primum insuevit exercitus populi Romani amare, potare, etc.,

Sall. C. 11, 6:

quae (via) eo me solvat amantem,

Verg. A. 4, 479:

non aequo foedere amare,

id. ib. 4, 520; Hor. S. 2, 3, 250 Heind.; Vulg. Jud. 16, 4; ib. 2 Reg. 13, 4 al. —

Trop., to love a thing, to like, to be fond of, to find pleasure in, delight in:

nomen, orationem, vultum, incessum alicujus amare,

Cic. Sest. 49, 105:

amavi amorem tuum,

id. Fam. 9, 16:

Alexidis manum amabam,

id. Att. 7, 2:

amabat litteras,

Nep. Att. 1, 2:

ea, quae res secundae amant, lasciviā atque superbiā incessere,

Sall. J. 41, 3:

amare nemus et fugere urbem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 77:

amat bonus otia Daphnis,

Verg. E. 5, 61:

non omnes eadem mirantur amantque,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 58:

mirā diversitate naturā, cum īdem homines sic ament inertiam et oderint quietem,

Tac. G. 15:

pax et quies tunc tantum amata,

id. ib. 40:

qui amant vinum et pinguia,

Vulg. Prov. 21, 17:

amant salutationes in foro,

ib. Luc. 20, 46: amat Janua limen, loves to remain shut, i. e. is constantly closed, Hor. C. 1, 25, 3; so,

Nilus amet alveum suum,

keep to its bed, Plin. Pan. 31, 4 al. —With inf. as object:

hic ames dici pater atque princeps,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 50:

amant in synagogis orare,

Vulg. Matt. 6, 5.—

Amare aliquem de or in aliquā re, quod, etc., to like one for something, to be obliged to one for something, to be under obligation, be thankful.

With de:

ecquid nos amas De fidicinā istac?

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 3:

de raudusculo multum te amo,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 7.—

With in:

et in Attilii negotio te amavi,

Cic. Fam. 13, 62.—

With quod:

te multum amamus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 3: amas me, quod te non vidi? Domit. Afer. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 93.—Also without prep. or quod: soror, parce, amabo. Anter. Quiesco. Adelph. Ergo amo te, I like you, am much obliged to you, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 40:

bene facis: Merito te amo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 23.—Hence in the eilipt. lang. of conversation, amabo or amabo te (never amabo vos, etc.), lit. I shall like you ( if you say, do, etc., that for me).—Hence in entreaties = oro, quaeso, precor (with ut or ne foll.), be so good, I pray, entreat you (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.; in the latter always amabo without te;

in Cic. only in Epistt.): quis hic, amabo, est, qui, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 26:

qui, amabo?

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 19:

quid, amabo, obticuisti?

id. ib. 1, 1, 28 et saep.:

id, amabo, adjuta me,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 70:

id agite, amabo,

id. ib. 1, 2, 50 al.; Cat. 32, 1:

id, amabo te, huic caveas,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 10; id. Men. 4, 3, 4:

amabo te, advola,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10:

cura, amabo te, Ciceronem nostrum,

id. Att. 2, 2.—With ut or ne foll.:

scin quid te amabo ut facias?

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 71; 3, 3, 1:

amabo, ut illuc transeas,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 31:

amabo te, ne improbitati meae assignes, etc.,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4.—

With inf., to do a thing willingly, to be wont or accustomed to (cf. phileô; mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

clamore, vultu, saepe impetu, atque aliis omnibus, quae ira fieri amat,

delights to have done, is wont to do, Sall. J. 34, 1; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 17:

aurum per medios ire satellites Et perrumpere amat saxa potentius Ictu fulmineo,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 9; so id. ib. 2, 3, 9; id. Epod. 8, 15; Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 28; Tac. A. 4, 9.—Hence, ămans, antis, P. a., with gen. or absol.

Fond, loving, kind, feeling kindly to, benevolent, pleasing; and subst., a friend, patron:

continentem, amantem uxoris maxime,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 7:

veterem amicum suum studiosum, amantem, observantem sui,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16:

homines amantes tui,

id. Fam. 9, 6:

cives amantes patriae,

id. Att. 9, 19; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5:

amans cruoris,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 46:

ad nos amantissimos tui veni,

Cic. Fam. 16, 7:

Amantissimus Domini habitabit in eo,

Vulg. Deut. 33, 12; ib. Amos, 5, 11: amantissima eorum non proderunt iis, their most [p. 108] pleasant things, ib. Isa. 44, 9; so ib. Os. 9, 16.—

Trop., of things, friendly, affectionate:

nomen amantius indulgentiusque,

Cic. Clu. 5:

lenissimis et amantissimis verbis utens,

id. Fam. 5, 15 al. —

Sometimes in a bad sense = amator or amica, a paramour; cf. Wolf ad Cic. Tusc. 4, 12, 27; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 38:

quis fallere possit amantem,

Verg. A. 4, 296; 4, 429:

amantium irae amoris integratio est,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 23:

oblitos famae melioris amantīs,

Verg. A. 4, 221:

perjuria amantūm,

Ov. A. A. 1, 633.— Hence, ămanter, adv., lovingly, affectionately, Cic. Fam. 5, 19; id. Att. 2, 4.— Comp., Tac. A. 1, 43.— Sup., Cic. Am. 1.

ăpĕrĭo, ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. ( fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.

Lit.:

patinas,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16:

apertis lateribus,

Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26:

capite aperto esse,

Varr. ib. p. 236, 25;

p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:

caput aperuit,

id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20:

capita,

Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60:

aperto pectore,

Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person:

apertae pectora matres,

id. ib. 13, 688:

ramum,

Verg. A. 6, 406 al. — Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6:

dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,

id. 26, 17 (cf. just before:

densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,

Tac. Agr. 38:

lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,

Liv. 3, 15:

novam aciem dies aperuit,

Tac. H. 4, 29:

his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,

opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,

Metaph.

1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

aperite aliquis ostium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35:

forem aperi,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 13:

fores,

id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82:

januas carceris,

Vulg. Act. 5, 19:

fenestram,

ib. Gen. 8, 6:

liquidas vias,

to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884:

sucum venis fundere apertis,

to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812:

saccum,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 27:

os,

ib. ib. 22, 28:

labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,

ib. Act. 9, 8:

accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,

Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13;

6, 3: aperire librum,

Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12:

testamentum,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.:

testamentum resignare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17:

sigillum aperire,

to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.:

ferro iter aperiundum est,

Sall. C. 58, 7:

locum... asylum,

to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8:

subterraneos specus,

Tac. G. 16:

navigantibus maria,

Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

arbor florem aperit,

id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so,

aures aperire,

to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10:

multus apertus cursus ad laudem,

id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.:

tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,

id. Fam. 6, 11:

philosophiae fontes,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so,

alicujus cor aperire,

ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus [p. 136] incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2:

occasionem ad invadendum,

id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,

Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin:

annum,

Verg. G. 1, 217:

contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),

Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it:

Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.— Poet.:

fuste aperire caput,

i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—

Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio);

most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,

Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4:

Syriam,

Tac. A. 2, 70:

omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,

id. H. 4, 64:

novas gentes,

id. Agr. 22:

gentes ac reges,

id. G. 1:

Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,

Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.:

Eoas,

id. 4, 352:

pelagus,

Val. Fl. 1, 169.—

Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.:

occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,

id. Or. 33, 116:

alicui scripturas aperire,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:

tua probra aperibo omnia,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae;

hi partem aperient,

Ter. Ad. prol. 23:

non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84:

eo praesente conjurationem aperit,

Sall. C. 40, 6:

naturam et mores,

id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4:

lux fugam hostium aperuit,

Liv. 27, 2:

aperiri error poterat,

id. 26, 10:

casus aperire futuros,

to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559:

futura aperit,

Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character:

tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:

studio aperimur in ipso,

Ov. A. A. 3, 371:

exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,

Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de:

cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,

Liv. 44, 28:

domino navis, quis sit, aperit,

Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf.

the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,

id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus, a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.

Lit.

Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus):

naves apertae,

without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed:

locus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84.— Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless:

caelo invectus aperto,

Verg. A. 1, 155:

aether,

id. ib. 1, 587:

aperta serena prospicere,

id. G. 1, 393.—

Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus):

Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,

since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272:

oculi,

id. 4, 339:

oculorum lumine aperto,

id. 4, 1139 et saep.:

nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20:

caelum patens atque apertum,

id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693:

vidit caelos apertos,

Vulg. Marc. 1, 10:

apertus et propatulus locus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:

iter,

Liv. 31, 2:

apertior aditus ad moenia,

id. 9, 28:

campi,

id. 38, 3:

per apertum limitem (viae),

Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285:

fenestrae,

Vulg. Dan. 6, 10:

ostia,

ib. ib. 13, 39:

aequor,

Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. — Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum, subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space:

in aperto,

Lucr. 3, 604:

per apertum fugientes,

Hor. C, 3, 12, 10:

impetum ex aperto facerent,

Liv. 35, 5:

castra in aperto posita,

id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4:

volantem in aperto,

Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22:

in aperta prodeunt,

id. 8, 32, 50, § 117:

disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,

Tac. A. 2, 23.—

Trop.

a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed:

nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,

nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062:

cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,

id. Manil. 24:

quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?

id. N. D. 2, 2, 4:

quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?

Liv. 41, 24:

non furtim, sed vi aperta,

id. 25, 24:

apertus animi motus,

Quint. 10, 3, 21:

invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,

Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse:

multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc.... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,

Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,

To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, en tôi phanerôi einai:

ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,

Sall. J. 5, 3.—

To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space):

agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,

there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1:

hostes aggredi in aperto foret,

id. H. 3, 56:

vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,

id. Agr. 33.—

Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid:

animus apertus et simplex,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57:

pectus,

id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē, adv., openly, clearly, plainly.

In gen.:

tam aperte irridens,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:

ab illo aperte tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4; id. Or. 12, 38; id. Am. 18, 67:

cum Fidenae aperte descissent,

Liv. 1, 27:

aperte quod venale habet ostendit,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:

aperte revelari,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 27:

non jam secretis colloquiis, sed aperte fremere,

Tac. A. 11, 28:

aperte adulari,

Cic. Am. 26, 99:

aperte mentiri,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

aperte pugnare, id. ap. Aquil. Rom. 10: aperte immundus est,

Vulg. Lev. 13, 26.— Comp.:

cum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,

Cic. Planc. 34; id. Att. 16, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 1, 11:

ab his proconsuli venenum inter epulas datum est apertius quam ut fallerent,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Sup.:

hinc empta apertissime praetura,

Cic. Verr. 1, 100:

equite Romano per te apertissime interfecto,

id. Har. Resp. 30:

largiri,

id. ib. 56:

praedari,

id. Verr. 1, 130.—

Esp. of what is set forth in words or writing, plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve:

nempe ergo aperte vis quae restant me loqui?

Ter. And. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 49:

aperte indicat (lex) posse rationem habere non praesentis,

Cic. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3:

Non tu istuc mihi dictura aperte es, quicquid est?

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 3:

narrare,

id. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:

scribere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 43.— Comp.:

Planius atque apertius dicam,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:

distinguere,

Quint. 3, 6, 45.— Sup.:

istius injurias quam apertissime vobis planissimeque explicare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 64, 156:

aliquid apertissime ostendere,

Quint. 5, 12, 11.

ăpĕrĭo, ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. ( fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.

Lit.:

patinas,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16:

apertis lateribus,

Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26:

capite aperto esse,

Varr. ib. p. 236, 25;

p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:

caput aperuit,

id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20:

capita,

Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60:

aperto pectore,

Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person:

apertae pectora matres,

id. ib. 13, 688:

ramum,

Verg. A. 6, 406 al. — Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6:

dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,

id. 26, 17 (cf. just before:

densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,

Tac. Agr. 38:

lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,

Liv. 3, 15:

novam aciem dies aperuit,

Tac. H. 4, 29:

his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,

opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,

Metaph.

1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

aperite aliquis ostium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35:

forem aperi,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 13:

fores,

id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82:

januas carceris,

Vulg. Act. 5, 19:

fenestram,

ib. Gen. 8, 6:

liquidas vias,

to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884:

sucum venis fundere apertis,

to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812:

saccum,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 27:

os,

ib. ib. 22, 28:

labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,

ib. Act. 9, 8:

accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,

Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13;

6, 3: aperire librum,

Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12:

testamentum,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.:

testamentum resignare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17:

sigillum aperire,

to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.:

ferro iter aperiundum est,

Sall. C. 58, 7:

locum... asylum,

to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8:

subterraneos specus,

Tac. G. 16:

navigantibus maria,

Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:

arbor florem aperit,

id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so,

aures aperire,

to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—

Trop.:

nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10:

multus apertus cursus ad laudem,

id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.:

tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,

id. Fam. 6, 11:

philosophiae fontes,

id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so,

alicujus cor aperire,

ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus [p. 136] incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2:

occasionem ad invadendum,

id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,

Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin:

annum,

Verg. G. 1, 217:

contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),

Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it:

Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.— Poet.:

fuste aperire caput,

i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—

Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio);

most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,

Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4:

Syriam,

Tac. A. 2, 70:

omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,

id. H. 4, 64:

novas gentes,

id. Agr. 22:

gentes ac reges,

id. G. 1:

Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,

Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.:

Eoas,

id. 4, 352:

pelagus,

Val. Fl. 1, 169.—

Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.:

occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,

Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,

id. Or. 33, 116:

alicui scripturas aperire,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:

tua probra aperibo omnia,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae;

hi partem aperient,

Ter. Ad. prol. 23:

non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84:

eo praesente conjurationem aperit,

Sall. C. 40, 6:

naturam et mores,

id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4:

lux fugam hostium aperuit,

Liv. 27, 2:

aperiri error poterat,

id. 26, 10:

casus aperire futuros,

to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559:

futura aperit,

Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character:

tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:

studio aperimur in ipso,

Ov. A. A. 3, 371:

exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,

Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de:

cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,

Liv. 44, 28:

domino navis, quis sit, aperit,

Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf.

the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,

id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus, a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.

Lit.

Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus):

naves apertae,

without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed:

locus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84.— Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless:

caelo invectus aperto,

Verg. A. 1, 155:

aether,

id. ib. 1, 587:

aperta serena prospicere,

id. G. 1, 393.—

Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus):

Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,

since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272:

oculi,

id. 4, 339:

oculorum lumine aperto,

id. 4, 1139 et saep.:

nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20:

caelum patens atque apertum,

id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693:

vidit caelos apertos,

Vulg. Marc. 1, 10:

apertus et propatulus locus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:

iter,

Liv. 31, 2:

apertior aditus ad moenia,

id. 9, 28:

campi,

id. 38, 3:

per apertum limitem (viae),

Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285:

fenestrae,

Vulg. Dan. 6, 10:

ostia,

ib. ib. 13, 39:

aequor,

Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. — Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum, subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space:

in aperto,

Lucr. 3, 604:

per apertum fugientes,

Hor. C, 3, 12, 10:

impetum ex aperto facerent,

Liv. 35, 5:

castra in aperto posita,

id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4:

volantem in aperto,

Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22:

in aperta prodeunt,

id. 8, 32, 50, § 117:

disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,

Tac. A. 2, 23.—

Trop.

a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed:

nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,

nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062:

cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,

id. Manil. 24:

quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?

id. N. D. 2, 2, 4:

quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?

Liv. 41, 24:

non furtim, sed vi aperta,

id. 25, 24:

apertus animi motus,

Quint. 10, 3, 21:

invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,

Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse:

multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc.... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,

Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,

To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, en tôi phanerôi einai:

ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,

Sall. J. 5, 3.—

To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space):

agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,

there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1:

hostes aggredi in aperto foret,

id. H. 3, 56:

vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,

id. Agr. 33.—

Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid:

animus apertus et simplex,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57:

pectus,

id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē, adv., openly, clearly, plainly.

In gen.:

tam aperte irridens,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:

ab illo aperte tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4; id. Or. 12, 38; id. Am. 18, 67:

cum Fidenae aperte descissent,

Liv. 1, 27:

aperte quod venale habet ostendit,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:

aperte revelari,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 27:

non jam secretis colloquiis, sed aperte fremere,

Tac. A. 11, 28:

aperte adulari,

Cic. Am. 26, 99:

aperte mentiri,

id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

aperte pugnare, id. ap. Aquil. Rom. 10: aperte immundus est,

Vulg. Lev. 13, 26.— Comp.:

cum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,

Cic. Planc. 34; id. Att. 16, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 1, 11:

ab his proconsuli venenum inter epulas datum est apertius quam ut fallerent,

Tac. A. 13, 1.— Sup.:

hinc empta apertissime praetura,

Cic. Verr. 1, 100:

equite Romano per te apertissime interfecto,

id. Har. Resp. 30:

largiri,

id. ib. 56:

praedari,

id. Verr. 1, 130.—

Esp. of what is set forth in words or writing, plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve:

nempe ergo aperte vis quae restant me loqui?

Ter. And. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 49:

aperte indicat (lex) posse rationem habere non praesentis,

Cic. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3:

Non tu istuc mihi dictura aperte es, quicquid est?

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 3:

narrare,

id. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:

scribere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 43.— Comp.:

Planius atque apertius dicam,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:

distinguere,

Quint. 3, 6, 45.— Sup.:

istius injurias quam apertissime vobis planissimeque explicare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 64, 156:

aliquid apertissime ostendere,

Quint. 5, 12, 11.

ap-pōno ( adp-, Ritschl, Fleck., Lachm., Baiter, Halm; app-, Merk., Kayser, K. and H., Weissenb.), pōsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3, v. a. ( perf. apposivi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; App. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.; cf. pono), to place, put, or lay at, near or by the side of a thing; to apply to, add, unite, etc. (class. in prose and poetry; syn.: addo, adicio, adjungo).

Lit.

In gen.:

adpone hic mensulam,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 150:

appositas instruxere epulis mensas,

Ov. M. 8, 570; so id. ib. 8, 831:

sitellam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 11: Sy. Onus urget. Mi. At tu adpone, put it down then, id. Poen. 4, 2, 35:

illam alteram apud me, quod bonist, adponito,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 60:

munera eorum illis apponentur,

Vulg. Bar 6, 26:

At istos rastros interea tamen adpone,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37; so id. And. 4, 3, 10 al.:

aër Omnibus est rebus circumdatus adpositusque,

Lucr. 6, 1036; 3, 373:

omnes columnae machinā appositā dejectae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 144:

notam ad malum versum,

id. Pis. 30; so id. Fam. 13, 6; cf. Suet. Claud. 16: manus ad os (eorum more, qui secreto aliquid narrant, Manut.), Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1:

scalis appositis urbem defenderunt,

Liv. 37, 5:

adpositā aure ad glaciem,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103: adpositum in mensā lumen, Tac. A. 2, 31:

paenulam ad vulnus,

Suet. Ner. 49 et saep.:

dominum Adpositum flavis in Simoenta vadis,

Prop. 2, 9, 12.—So freq. of the putting on of garments, crowns, etc.:

cur tamen appositā velatur janua lauro,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 39:

gemmas toris,

id. H. 9, 60 Loers; cf.

the same,

id. ib. 7, 100:

meretrix Appositā populum submovet ante serā,

id. Am. 3, 14, 10 (cf.:

ponere seram,

Juv. 6, 347):

candelam valvis,

i. e. to set fire to, Juv. 9, 98 al. —

Esp.

Freq. as t. t. of food, dishes, to serve up, set before one (cf. Gr. paratithêmi;

the simple verb pono is often so used, q. v.): adposita sit cena,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 69:

apposuit eis mensam,

Vulg. Act. 16, 34:

adpositum est ampliter,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 160:

apposuit patellam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22:

Cenabat apud eum: argentum ille ceterum purum apposuerat, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 22, 49; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 91; id. Att. 6, 1; 14, 21; Liv. 1, 7; Plin. 8, 51, 78, § 210:

convivis panem et obsonia apponere,

Suet. Calig. 37; id. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 34; id. Galb. 12; Vitr. 13:

Appositaque est eis ciborum magna praeparatio,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 6, 23 al.;

Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 17; 2, 8, 69 al.—

Aliquem alicui or alicui rei, to appoint or designate one to any service or duty, to place in any station, to join to as an aid:

custodem Tullio me apponite,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51; so Tac. A. 4, 60; cf.: adpositus custodiae (dat.), id. ib. 1, 6;

2, 68: accusator apponitur civis Romanus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29, § 74; so id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 41 fin.:

calumniatores,

id. ib. 2, 2, 10:

praevaricatorem,

id. Phil. 2, 11:

non illicitatorem venditor adponet,

id. Off. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. Verr. 2, 1, 54:

custodes,

Nep. Dion, 4, 5:

moderator et magister consulibus appositus,

Liv. 2, 18, 6; so,

rectorem,

Suet. Aug. 48:

scrutatores,

id. Claud. 35 al. —

To put to something by way of increase, to add to, superadd (rare; cf.

addo, adicio): nihil his novum adposivi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; id. Trin. 4, 3, 18:

aetas illi, quos tibi dempserit, adponet annos,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 15:

exemplum,

Gell. 1, 13, 9:

si quis apposuerit ad haec, apponet Deus super illum etc.,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 18; ib. Gen. 49, 32.—

Trop.

Of the mind, to apply (eccl. Lat.):

appone cor ad doctrinam,

Vulg. Prov. 22, 17:

apposui cor meum, ut etc.,

ib. Eccl. 8, 16.—

In eccl. Lat., after the Hebrew, of an act, to do further, also to do something:

non apponet, ut complacitior sit adhuc?

Vulg. Psa. 76, 8; so ib. Act. 12, 3:

apposuerunt adhuc peccare,

ib. Psa. 77, 17; 88, 23.—

With a dat. of end, to set down for something, count, reckon, or consider as, to hold as (very rare):

cum is nil promereat, postulare id gratiae adponi sibi,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 32 (addi in gratiam suam, Don.):

aliquid lucro,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 15.—Hence, appŏsĭ-tus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., put or applied to, etc.

Of relations of space, placed or situated at or near to, contiguous to, bordering upon; constr. with dat.:

regio mari adposita,

Plin. 3, 18, 22, § 126:

platanus itineri,

id. 12, 1, 5, § 9:

castellum Lupiae flumini adpositum,

Tac. A. 2, 7.— Trop.:

audacia fidentiae non contrarium, sed appositum ac propinquum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165.—

Metaph.

Fit, proper, suitable, appropriate, apposite, etc. (like aptus, q. v.; hence in MSS. freq. interchanged with it; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 3, 11, 9); constr. with ad (in this signif. very freq. in Varr. and Cic.;

elsewhere very rare, perh. not found except in Quint. and Gell.): ager ad vitem adpositus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 5:

loca adposita ad faenum, ad vinum, ad oleum,

id. ib. 1, 23, 1:

equus ad medendum adpositus,

id. ib. 2, 7, 5:

(gallinae) adpositissimae ad partum,

id. ib. 3, 9, 9;

2, 10, 4: menses ad agendum maxime appositi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; 2, 5, 41 fin.; id. Att. 3, 14:

multo appositior ad deferenda,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57:

argumentatio appositissima ad judicationem,

id. Inv. 1, 14. —

Inclined to; constr. with dat.:

judex juri magis an aequo sit adpositus,

Quint. 4, 3, 11 (cf.:

adclinis falsis animus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 6).—

Subst.: appŏsĭtum, i, n., in rhet. and gram., an epithet, adjective:

adposita, quae epitheta dicuntur, ut dulce mustum,

Quint. 8, 2, 10; 2, 14, 3; 9, 4, 24.—Hence, appŏsĭtē, adv., suitably, fitly, etc.:

ad persuasionem,

Cic. Inv. 1, 5; cf. Spald ad Quint. 2, 15, 3 praeclare et apposite et facete scribere, Gell. 2, 23, 11 ( comp. and sup not used).

ātrĭum, ii, n. [acc. to Scaliger, from aithrion, subdiale, since it was a part of the uncovered portion of the house (but the atrium of the Romans was always covered); acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 161 Müll., from the Tuscan town Atria, where this style of architecture originated; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 13 Müll.; and Müller, Etrusk. 1, p. 254 sq.; but better from ater, acc. to the explanation of Servius: ibi etiam culina erat, unde et atrium dictum est; atrum enim erat ex fumo, ad Verg. A. 1, 730].

The fore-court, hall, entrance-room, entry; that part of the Roman house into which one first came after passing the entrance (janua); cf. Vitr. 6, 4; O. Müller, Archaeol. III. § 293, and Etrusk. above cited. In earlier times, the atrium was used as a dining-room, Cato ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 726. Here stood, opposite the door, the lectus genialis, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 87;

here sat the housewife with her maidens spinning,

Arn. adv. Gent. 2, 67;

here clients were in attendance,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 31; Juv. 7, 7 and 91;

and here hung the family portraits and other paintings,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 55; Mart. 2, 90; Val. Max. 5, 8, 3; Vulg. Matt. 26, 58; ib. Marc. 14, 54; ib. Joan. 18, 15 al.— Poet. in the plur., of a single atrium:

Apparet domus intus et atria longa patescunt,

Verg. A. 2, 483; so Ov. M. 14, 260; Juv. 8, 20 al.— Meton. for the house itself:

nec capient Phrygias atria nostra nurus,

Ov. H. 16, 184; id. M. 13, 968.—So of the entrance-room in the dwelling of the gods: dextrā laevāque deorum Atria nobilium (as it were clients, v. supra) valvis celebrantur apertis, Ov. M. 1, 172; Stat. Th. 1, 197.—

In temples and other public buildings there was often an atrium, a hall, court:

in atrio Libertatis,

Cic. Mil. 22, 59; Liv. 25, 7; 45, 15; Tac. H. 1, 31; Suet. Aug. 29:

Vestae,

Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 2;

also called atrium regium,

Liv. 26, 27; cf. Ov. F. 6, 263; id. Tr. 3, 1, 30:

atrium tabernaculi,

Vulg. Exod. 27, 9; ib. Lev. 6, 26:

in atriis Domūs Dei,

ib. Psa. 91, 14; 134, 2;

Smith, Dict. Antiq.—So atrium auctionarium,

an auction-hall, auction-room, Cic. Agr. 1, 3; so Inscr. Orell. 3439; and absol., atria:

cum desertis Aganippes Vallibus esuriens migraret in atria Clio,

Juv. 7, 7. Such halls were the Atria Licinia, Cic. Quinct. 6, 25: ATRIVM SVTORIVM, the shoemakers' hall, a place in Rome, Calend. Praenest. Inscr. Orell. II. 386.

aufĕro, abstŭli, ablātum, auferre, v. a. [ab-fero; cf. ab init. ], to take or bear off or away, to carry off, withdraw, remove (very freq. in prose and poetry; syn.: tollo, fero, rapio, eripio, diripio, adimo, averto).

In gen.

1.. Lit.:

ab januā stercus,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 18:

dona,

id. Am. prol. 139:

aurum atque ornamenta abs te,

id. Mil. 4, 1, 36:

abstulit eos a conspectu,

Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 18:

auferas me de terrā hac,

ib. Gen. 47, 30:

vos istaec intro auferte,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 1:

Auferte ista hinc,

Vulg. Joan. 2, 16:

aether multos secum levis abstulit ignīs,

Lucr. 5, 459; 3, 230; 3, 439; 3, 717; 5, 205; 5, 725; 6, 622; Turp. ap. Non. p. 422, 21:

multa domum suam auferebat,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.:

liberi per delectus alibi servituri auferuntur (a Romanis),

are carried away, Tac. Agr. 31:

quem vi abstulerant servi,

Vulg. Gen. 21, 25.—So of sick persons, or those unable to walk:

auferere, non abibis, si ego fustem sumpsero,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 202 (cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 298:

lumbifragium hinc auferes): asoti, qui in mensam vomant et qui de conviviis auferantur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23. —Auferre se, in colloquial lang., to remove one ' s self, to withdraw, retire, go away:

Te, obsecro hercle, aufer modo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 93:

aufer te domum,

id. As. 2, 4, 63.—

Of bodies that are borne away by wings, by the winds, waves, or any other quick motion, to bear or carry away, sweep away, etc. (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

aliquem ad scopulum e tranquillo auferre,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 8:

unda rates,

Prop. 1, 8, 14:

auferor in scopulos,

Ov. M. 9, 593:

auferet,

id. ib. 15, 292 al.:

in silvam pennis ablata refugit,

Verg. A. 3, 258; 11, 867:

ne te citus auferat axis,

Ov. M. 2, 75:

vento secundo vehementi satis profecti celeriter e conspectu terrae ablati sunt,

Liv. 29, 27:

(Bubo) volat numquam quo libuit, sed transversus aufertur,

Plin. 10, 12, 16, § 35:

(milites) pavore fugientium auferebantur,

Tac. A. 4, 73.—

Trop., to carry away, mislead:

te hortor, ut omnia gubernes prudentiā tuā, ne te auferant aliorum consilia,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7:

abstulerunt me velut de spatio Graecae res immixtae Romanis,

i. e. have diverted, withdrawn me, from the subject, Liv. 35, 40:

quae contemplatio aufert nos ad ipsorum animalium naturas,

Plin. 27, 13, 120, § 145:

auferre aliquem traversum,

id. 28, 1, 1, § 1 Jan:

ab intentione auferendus auditor,

Quint. 4, 5, 6:

somnus aufert,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 83:

auferimur cultu, i. e. decipimur,

are deceived, duped, Ov. R. Am. 343.—

Esp.,

1.. To take or snatch away; in a good, but more frequently in a bad sense, to take by force, to remove, withdraw, take away violently, rob, steal, etc.:

aliquid eris,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 8:

quod auri, quod argenti, quod ornamentorum in meis urbibus fuit, id mihi tu, C. Verres, eripuisti atque abstulisti,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19:

ab hoc abaci vasa omnia abstuiit,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 16; so,

pecuniam de aerario,

id. Att. 7, 21:

pecuniam in ventre,

to eat up, to squander, id. de Or. 2, 66, 265:

auriculam mordicus,

to bite off, id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 4:

vestimentum,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 29:

hi ludi dies quindecim auferent,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31:

imperium indignis,

Liv. 3, 67:

legionem,

Tac. H. 4, 48:

consulatum, censuram,

id. ib. 1, 52:

auferat omnia irrita oblivio si potest,

Liv. 28, 29:

spem, voluntatem defensionis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:

fervorem et audaciam,

Liv. 3, 12:

obsequia,

Tac. H. 1, 80:

misericordiam,

id. ib. 3, 84:

spem veniae,

id. A. 14, 23:

studium,

Cat. 68, 19 sq.; and so Hor. C. 3, 12, 5:

metus,

to banish, Verg. A. 12, 316:

curas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:

somnos,

id. C. 2, 16, 16; id. Epod. 5, 96:

pudorem,

Ov. M. 6, 617:

fugam,

to hinder, prevent, Flor. 3, 10, 3 al. —

To take off or away, to destroy, consume, kill, slay, etc. (mostly poet. or in the Aug. histt.):

Tam bellum mihi passerem abstulistis,

Cat. 3, 15:

abstulit clarum cita mors Achillem,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 29; so id. Epod. 5, 66; id. S. 1, 9, 31:

Auferat hora duos eadem,

Ov. M. 8, 709; 15, 157:

Labienum Varumque acies abstulit,

Vell. 2, 55 fin.:

Quidquid hinc aut illinc communis Mors belli aufert,

Liv. 7, 8; Flor. 3, 17, 9 al.:

Interea quodcumque fuit populabile flammae, Mulciber abstulerat,

had consumed, Ov. M. 9, 263; 14, 575.—

Of places, to separate, sever, divide:

mare septem stadiorum intervallo Europam auferens Asiae,

Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 75:

Armenia Euphrate amne aufertur Cappadociae,

id. 6, 9, 9, § 25. —

To lay aside some action, manner of speaking, etc.; to cease from, desist from, leave off: proinde istaec tua aufer terricula, Att. ap. Non. p. 227, 31:

jurgium hinc auferas,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 19:

aufer nugas,

id. Truc. 4, 4, 8; id. Curc. 2, 1, 30:

pollicitationes aufer,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 17: Ge. Id nosmet ipsos facere oportet, Phaedria. Ph. Aufer mi "oportet:" quin tu, quod faciam, impera, id. ib. 1, 4, 45 Ruhnk. (cf. Juv. 6, 170):

Aufer abhinc lacrimas,

Lucr. 3, 955:

insolentiam,

Phaedr. 3, 6, 8; so absol.: Insanis? Aufer! away! (where nugas may be supplied, as in Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 8), Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 14.—With inf. as object:

aufer Me vultu terrere,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 43.—

Meton., effect for cause, to corry off ( as the fruit or result of one ' s labor, exertions, errors, etc.), to obtain, get, receive, acquire:

Ecquas viginti minas Paritas ut auferas a me?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 71; 1, 5, 90; id. Curc. 5, 2, 21; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56; 2, 2, 9; id. Most. 4, 1, 32; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:

id inultum numquam auferet,

id. And. 3, 5, 4; id. Ad. 3, 4, 8 (cf. id. And. 1, 2, 4): paucos dies ab aliquo, to obtain a few days ' respite, Cic. Quinct. 5, 20:

quis umquam ad arbitrum quantum petiit, tantum abstulit?

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12; so,

responsum ab aliquo,

id. de Or. 1, 56, 239:

decretum,

id. Att. 16, 16, A:

diploma,

id. Fam. 6, 12, 3:

praemium,

Suet. Gram. 17. —Also with ut: ut in foro statuerent (statuas), abstulisti, you have carried the point that they etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59 (so, adsequi, ut, Tac. G. 35).— Trop., to carry away the knowledge of a thing, to learn, understand: quis est in populo Romano, qui hoc non ex priore actione abstulerit? has not learned, does not know, Cic Verr. 2, 1, 8.

clāmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [Sanscr. kar-, to celebrate; Gr. kaleô, klêtos; cf.: clarus, classis, nomenclator, concilium].

Neutr., to call, cry out, shout aloud, to complain with a loud voice, vociferari (class. and very freq.; mostly of human beings): populus convolat; Tumultuantur, clamant, pugnant de loco, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 33:

dic mihi, Non clamas? non insanis?

id. Ad. 4, 7, 9; cf. id. ib. 5, 3, 3; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 59:

clamare de pecuniā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 7, § 17 al. —Of a vehement bawling before a tribunal:

qui quid in dicendo posset, numquam satis attendi: in clamando quidem video eum esse bene robustum atque exercitatum,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48.—In comedy, of snoring: dormit Sceledrus intus? Lu. Non naso quidem:

Nam eo magnum clamat,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10 al. —

Transf., of animals and things;

of geese: anseres, qui tantummodo clamant, nocere non possunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.—Of the chirping of a cricket:

(cicada) multo validius clamare occoepit,

Phaedr. 3, 16, 7.—Of the roaring of waters, the rustling of trees, etc., Sil. 4, 526; 9, 516; Stat. Th. 10, 94:

clamant amnes, freta, nubila silvae,

id. ib. 11, 116.—

Also of abstract things (cf. under II. B.): et non ulla meo clamat in ore fides?

i. e. does my sincerity never plainly proclaim itself in my voice? Prop. 1, 18, 18.—But esp. freq.,

Act., to call or cry aloud to something or some one, to proclaim, declare, to invoke, call upon, etc., = exclamare; constr. with acc. of the person or thing, or a clause as object, in direct and (more freq.) in indirect discourse.

With acc.: e somno pueros clamo, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 372 P.; so,

janitorem,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 11:

comites,

Ov. M. 6, 106:

matrem ore,

id. ib. 5, 398; cf.:

ora clamantia nomen,

id. ib. 8, 229;

11, 665: morientem nomine,

Verg. A. 4, 674.—With two accs.:

se causam crimenque,

Verg. A. 12, 600:

me deum,

Prop. 3 (4), 9, 46:

te insanum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 130:

aliquem furem,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 36; Curt. 4, 16, 15.—With acc. rei:

divūm atque hominum fidem,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 20:

aquas,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 58:

triumphum,

Ov. Am. 1, 2, 25:

Saturnalia,

Liv. 22, 1, 20:

pulchre! bene! recte!

Hor. A. P. 428.—

With a clause as object, in direct discourse (mostly poet.):

ad me omnes clamant: Janua culpa tua est,

Cat. 67, 14; so Ov. F. 4, 452; Hor. S. 2, 3, 62; id. Ep. 1, 17, 48; 1, 19, 47; id. A. P. 460; Suet. Caes. 82; Sen. Ep. 27, 1 al.—

With a clause as object, in indirect discourse:

clamant omnes indignissime Factum esse,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 11:

quid facto esset opus puerperae... illis clamat de viā,

id. And. 3, 2, 11; Cic. Mur. 37, 78:

solos felices viventes clamat in urbe,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 12.—

With final clause:

clamare coeperunt, sibi ut haberet hereditatem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 47; Dig. 29, 5, 1, § 55:

clamans in hostem, ne rex Croesus occideretur,

Gell. 5, 9, 2.—

Trop., of abstract things, to proclaim, declare:

quom mi ipsum nomen ejus Archidemides Clamaret dempturum esse, si quid crederem,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 51; cf.:

eum ipsum (sc. Regulum) clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam potantem in rosā Thorium,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 65; 4, 19, 55:

quae (tabulae) se corruptas atque interlitas esse clamant,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 104; Cat. 6, 7:

quid enim restipulatio clamat?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 13, 37; id. Cat. 1, 8, 21; cf. clamito, Il.

cŏm-ĭtĭum, ii, n. [locus a coëundo, id est insimul veniendo, est dictus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 38, 12 Müll.; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 155 id.: comitium ab eo quod coibant eo comitiis curiatis, et litium causā].

In sing., the place for the assembling of the Romans voting by the curiœ situated near the Forum, and separated from it by the ancient Rostra, but sometimes considered as a part of the Forum in a more extended sense (hence, in Dion. Halic. ho kratistos and o epiphanestatos tês agoras topos: IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO, XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20; Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58; id. Brut. 84, 289; Liv. 1, 36, 5; 27, 36, 8; 10, 24, 18; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 9 et saep.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—

Transf., any place of assembly out of Rome;

so of the Ephoreum at Sparta,

Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—

Trop.:

quod (es) esset animi vestibulum et orationis janua et cogitationum comitium,

App. Mag. 7, p. 278, 1; so, sacri pectoris, Mam. Grat. Act. ad Jul. 15.—

Plur.: cŏmĭtĭa (access. form cŏmĭtĭae, Fratr. Arval. ap. Marin. p. 43; Gloss. Labb. p. 33), the assembly of the Romans for electing magistrates, etc., the comitia. —The comitia were of three kinds.

Comitia curiata, the most ancient, voting by curiæ, held in the comitium (v. I.), gradually restricted by,

The Comitia centuriata, the proper assembly of the populus Romanus, voting by centuries, instituted by Servius Tullius, continuing through the whole time of the republic, commonly held in the Campus Martius (not in the comitium, as is asserted by many from the similarity of the name; cf.

campus, II.),

Gell. 15, 27, 2 sqq.; Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 27; id. Dom. 14, 38; Liv. 5, 52, 15; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44.—

Comitia tributa, voting by tribes, and commonly held in the Forum, but in choosing magistrates, freq. in the Campus Martius, convened for the first time in the trial of Coriolanus, two years after the introduction of the office of tribune of the people. In them the inferior magistrates (ædiles, tribunes of the people, quæstors), and, later, the Pontifex Maximus also, were chosen, Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 45; id. Agr. 2, 11, 27; Liv. 2, 58, 1; 2, 60, 4; Gell. 15, 27, 3; cf.

Dict. of Antiq.—Upon the comitia calata, v. 1, calo.—The usual t. t. for holding such comitia is: comitia habere,

Cic. Div. 2, 18, 43; freq. in all periods;

they were designated according to the magistrates who were to be chosen in them, as consularia,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17; id. Mur. 18, 38:

praetoria,

Liv. 10, 22, 8:

tribunicia,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; Liv. 6, 39, 11:

militaria,

Liv. 3, 51, 8:

quaestoria,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 1; cf.

also: comitia consulum,

Liv. 3, 20, 8; and:

comitia fiunt regi creando,

id. 1, 35, 1:

edicere comitia consulibus creandis,

id. 3, 37, 5:

comitia conficere,

Cic. Fam. 10, 36, 12:

differre,

Liv. 6, 37, 12:

dimittere,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

ducere,

id. ib. 4, 15, 7:

inire,

Suet. Vesp. 5.—

Transf., of other elections, out of Rome, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; Liv. 42, 43, 7; Tab. Heracl. v. 24 sq.—

Trop.:

ibo intro, ubi de capite meo sunt comitia, i. e.,

where my fate is deciding, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 20:

Pseudulus mihi centuriata capitis habuit comitia,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 134:

meo illic nunc sunt capiti comitia,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 45.

crūdēlis, e, adj. [cf. Gr. kruos; Lat. crudus, cruor, caro], morally rude or unfeeling, with exclusive reference to conduct towards persons or things, hard, unmerciful, hard-hearted, cruel, severe, fierce (freq. and class. in prose and poetry).

Of living subjects.

With in and abl.: crudeles gaudent in tristi funere fratris, Lucr. 3, 72; cf.:

crudelis in calamitate hominis consularis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 48, 198:

cui nimis videtur senatus in conservandā patriā fuisse crudelis,

id. Pis. 8, 17.—

With in and acc.:

cum in eos, quos numquam viderat, tam crudelis fuisset,

Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 22:

in liberos atque in sanguinem suum,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 34:

in quos Sulla crudelis hoc socio fuisset,

id. Att. 9, 14, 2:

in patriam,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Liv. 2, 56, 7.—

Absol.:

crudelem Castorem, ne dicam sceleratum et impium!

Cic. Deiot. 1, 2:

crudelis atque importuna mulier,

id. Clu. 63, 177:

malus atque crudelis,

Sall. C. 16, 3:

o crudelis adhuc, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 1:

Neptunus tanto amori,

Prop. 2 (3), 26, 45 et saep.— Comp.:

ecquid acerbius? ecquid crudelius?

Cic. Att. 9, 14, 2:

magis timeo ne in eum exsistam crudelior,

id. ib. 10, 11, 3:

heu, Fortuna, quis est crudelior in nos Te deus?

Hor. S. 2, 8, 61.— Sup.:

parricidae,

Sall. C. 52, 31.—

Of inanimate subjects:

crudele et exitiosum bellum,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 7:

o rem cum auditu crudelem tum visu nefariam,

id. Planc. 41, 99:

poena in cives crudelis,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

in tam crudelem necessitatem incidere,

id. Tusc. 3, 25, 60:

facinora (with foeda),

Sall. C. 11, 4:

crudele intolerandumque imperium (opp. justissimum atque optimum),

id. ib. 10, 6:

sententia,

id. ib. 51, 17:

consilia,

Cat. 64, 175; cf. id. 64, 136:

pestes,

id. 69, 9; cf. id. 64, 76:

venenum vitae nostrae,

id. 77, 5:

ferrum,

Prop. 2 (3), 15, 43:

verber,

Ov. F. 2, 695:

poena,

id. M. 2, 612; Verg. A. 6, 585:

egestas,

Val. Fl. 4, 459 et saep.:

quid faciat? crudele, suos addicere amores,

Ov. M. 1, 617.— Comp.:

ignis,

Cat. 62, 20:

janua,

Prop. 1, 16, 17:

mens,

Ov. M. 11, 701:

quid crudelius, quam? etc.,

Quint. 11, 1, 85. — Sup.:

nomen tyranni,

Nep. Dion, 1, 4:

manus,

Petr. 105:

caedes,

Suet. Calig. 30.— Hence, advv.

crūdēlĕ (prop. neutr. sing. of adj.), cruelly, etc., Stat. Th. 3, 211; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 340; id. in Eutr. 2, 108. —

crūdēlĭter, cruelly, in a cruel manner (very freq.), Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Off. 1, 24, 82; Caes. B. G. 7, 38; Nep. Paus. 3, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 9; Suet. Tib. 61 al.— Comp., Liv. 31, 29, 11; Cat. 62, 24; Ov. M. 3, 442.— Sup., Cic. Sull. 27, 75; id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 2 fin.; Nep. Eum. 6, 3 et saep.

crūdēlis, e, adj. [cf. Gr. kruos; Lat. crudus, cruor, caro], morally rude or unfeeling, with exclusive reference to conduct towards persons or things, hard, unmerciful, hard-hearted, cruel, severe, fierce (freq. and class. in prose and poetry).

Of living subjects.

With in and abl.: crudeles gaudent in tristi funere fratris, Lucr. 3, 72; cf.:

crudelis in calamitate hominis consularis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 48, 198:

cui nimis videtur senatus in conservandā patriā fuisse crudelis,

id. Pis. 8, 17.—

With in and acc.:

cum in eos, quos numquam viderat, tam crudelis fuisset,

Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 22:

in liberos atque in sanguinem suum,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 34:

in quos Sulla crudelis hoc socio fuisset,

id. Att. 9, 14, 2:

in patriam,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Liv. 2, 56, 7.—

Absol.:

crudelem Castorem, ne dicam sceleratum et impium!

Cic. Deiot. 1, 2:

crudelis atque importuna mulier,

id. Clu. 63, 177:

malus atque crudelis,

Sall. C. 16, 3:

o crudelis adhuc, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 1:

Neptunus tanto amori,

Prop. 2 (3), 26, 45 et saep.— Comp.:

ecquid acerbius? ecquid crudelius?

Cic. Att. 9, 14, 2:

magis timeo ne in eum exsistam crudelior,

id. ib. 10, 11, 3:

heu, Fortuna, quis est crudelior in nos Te deus?

Hor. S. 2, 8, 61.— Sup.:

parricidae,

Sall. C. 52, 31.—

Of inanimate subjects:

crudele et exitiosum bellum,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 7:

o rem cum auditu crudelem tum visu nefariam,

id. Planc. 41, 99:

poena in cives crudelis,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

in tam crudelem necessitatem incidere,

id. Tusc. 3, 25, 60:

facinora (with foeda),

Sall. C. 11, 4:

crudele intolerandumque imperium (opp. justissimum atque optimum),

id. ib. 10, 6:

sententia,

id. ib. 51, 17:

consilia,

Cat. 64, 175; cf. id. 64, 136:

pestes,

id. 69, 9; cf. id. 64, 76:

venenum vitae nostrae,

id. 77, 5:

ferrum,

Prop. 2 (3), 15, 43:

verber,

Ov. F. 2, 695:

poena,

id. M. 2, 612; Verg. A. 6, 585:

egestas,

Val. Fl. 4, 459 et saep.:

quid faciat? crudele, suos addicere amores,

Ov. M. 1, 617.— Comp.:

ignis,

Cat. 62, 20:

janua,

Prop. 1, 16, 17:

mens,

Ov. M. 11, 701:

quid crudelius, quam? etc.,

Quint. 11, 1, 85. — Sup.:

nomen tyranni,

Nep. Dion, 1, 4:

manus,

Petr. 105:

caedes,

Suet. Calig. 30.— Hence, advv.

crūdēlĕ (prop. neutr. sing. of adj.), cruelly, etc., Stat. Th. 3, 211; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 340; id. in Eutr. 2, 108. —

crūdēlĭter, cruelly, in a cruel manner (very freq.), Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; id. Off. 1, 24, 82; Caes. B. G. 7, 38; Nep. Paus. 3, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 9; Suet. Tib. 61 al.— Comp., Liv. 31, 29, 11; Cat. 62, 24; Ov. M. 3, 442.— Sup., Cic. Sull. 27, 75; id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 2 fin.; Nep. Eum. 6, 3 et saep.

ex-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( perf. sync. exclusti for exclusisti, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 18) [cludo, claudo], to shut out, exclude; to cut off, remove, separate from any thing (class.).

Lit.

In gen.: aliquem a portu et perfugio, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 3:

aliquem ab re frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 55, 9:

aliquem ab acie,

id. B. C. 2, 41, 6:

Gaditani Poenos moenibus excluserunt,

Cic. Balb. 17, 39:

nulla exclusura dolentes Janua,

Tib. 2, 3, 73.—With inanimate objects:

spissa ramis laurea fervidos Excludet ictus (solis),

Hor. C. 2, 15, 10:

aquam quae exundante palude in agrum refluere solet,

Dig. 39, 3, 1:

exclusere diem telis,

shut out, obscured, Stat. Th. 8, 412:

Euphrates Armeniae regiones a Cappadocia excludens,

separating, Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 83.—

Esp., to shut out, refuse to receive a visitor:

quo pacto excludi, quaeso, potis est planius, quam exclusus nunc sum,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 5:

ego excludor, ille recipitur,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 79; id. ib. 1, 1, 4:

aliquem foras,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 30; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 18:

quae me non excludet ab se, sed apud se occludet domi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 108; cf.:

ut ab illa excludar, huc concludar,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 12; Hor. S. 2, 3, 260; Ov. Am. 1, 8, 78; cf.: priusquam Caesar me abs te excludere posset, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12 B. 1.—

Transf.

To drive out, to put, press, thrust, or take out:

excludito mihi hercle oculum, si dedero,

i. e. to knock out, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 95:

vel oculum exclude,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 96:

gemmam,

Dig. 10, 4, 6:

liquorem,

Scrib. Comp. 84:

pallio caput,

Petr. 32, 2.—

In partic. of birds, to hatch their young:

volucres Ova relinquebant, exclusae tempore verno,

Lucr. 5, 802; cf.:

gallinae avesque reliquae, cum ex ovis pullos excluserint, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 129:

pullos,

id. ib. 2, 48, 124; Col. 8, 5, 7; 8, 14, 11; Suet. Tib. 14 al.—And transf., by way of pun, to the pupils of the rhetorician Corax (raven):

Coracem istum patiamur pullos suos excludere in nido, qui evolent, clamatores odiosi ac molesti,

Cic. de Or. 3, 21, 81.—

To make prominent (eccl. Lat.), = eminere, Aug. in Psa. 67, § 39; Vulg. Psa. 67, 31; cf. Aug. Spir. et Litt. § 17.—

To close, complete:

volumen,

Stat. S. 2 praef. fin.

Trop., to exclude, except, remove, hinder, prevent:

Crassus tres legatos decernit, nec excludit Pompeium,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

excludi ab omni doctrina,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 46; cf.:

exclusit illum a re publica,

id. Phil. 5, 11, 29:

ab hereditate fraterna excludi,

id. Clu. 11, 31; cf.

also: ne anni tempore a navigatione excluderetur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 23, 5:

ut reditu in Asiam excluderetur,

Nep. Them. 5, 1:

exceptione excludi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 168:

multas actiones praetoriis exceptionibus,

id. Inv. 1, 19, 57:

angustiis temporis excluduntur omnes,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 148:

tempore exclusus,

hindered, prevented, Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 1:

diei tempore exclusus,

id. ib. 7, 11, 5:

si qui se in hoc judicium forte projecerint, excluditote eorum cupiditatem,

Cic. Cael. 9, 22: servitutem, Lucil. ap. Non. 301, 14:

consuetudinem libere dicendi,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7, 19.—Hence, * exclūsus, a, um, P. a., shut out, locked out:

nunc ego sum exclusissimus,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 24.

ex-plĕo, ēvi, ētum, 2 (archaic form explenunt, for explent, acc. to Fest. p. 80; cf.: solinunt, nequinunt, danunt, for solent, nequeunt, dant; v. do, redeo and soleo init.; inf. praes. explerier, Lucr. 6, 21.—

Contracted form expleris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 205; Verg. A. 7, 766. explessent, Liv. 23, 22, 1; 37, 47, 7; inf. explesse, Verg. A. 2, 586 al.), v. a. [PLEO, whence plenus, compleo, suppleo].

To fill up, fill full, fill (class.).

Lit.:

fossam aggere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 79 fin.:

fossas,

id. ib. 82, 3; Dig. 39, 3, 24; cf.:

paludem cratibus atque aggere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 58, 1:

neque inferciens verba, quasi rimas expleat,

Cic. Or. 69, 231:

vulnera,

Plin. 35, 6, 21, § 38:

cicatrices,

id. 36, 21, 42, § 156:

alopecias,

id. 34, 18, 55, § 177:

bovem strictis frondibus,

i. e. to give him his fill, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 28:

se,

to fill, cram one's self, Plaut. Curc. 3, 16; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; cf.:

edim atque ambabus malis expletis vorem,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 74:

ut milites contingant inter se atque omnem munitionem expleant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21, 3:

locum (cohortes),

i. e. to occupy completely, id. ib. 1, 45, 4:

explevi totas ceras quattuor,

have filled, written full, Plaut. Curc. 3, 40:

deum bonis omnibus explere mundum,

Cic. Univ. 3:

expleti (voce) oris janua raditur,

filled up, Lucr. 4, 532, v. Lachm. ad h. l.:

aliquem numerum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 4 fin.:

numerum,

Liv. 5, 10, 10; 24, 11, 4; Verg. A. 6, 545:

centurias,

to have the full number of votes, Liv. 37, 47, 7:

tribus,

id. 3, 64, 8:

justam muri altitudinem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 4:

His rebus celeriter id, quod Avarici deperierat, expletur,

is filled up, made good, id. ib. 7, 31, 4; Liv. 23, 22, 1:

sic explevit, quod utrique defuit,

Cic. Brut. 42, 154.—

Trop.

In gen., to fill up, complete, finish:

id autem ejusmodi est, ut additum ad virtutem auctoritatem videatur habiturum et expleturum cumulate vitam beatam,

make quite complete, Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 42; cf.

damnationem,

id. Caecin. 10, 29:

partem relictam,

id. Off. 3, 7, 34: damna, Liv. 3, 68, 3; cf. id. 30, 5, 5:

explet concluditque sententias,

Cic. Or. 69, 230; cf.:

sententias mollioribus numeris,

id. ib. 13, 40:

animum gaudio,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 2.—

In partic.

To satisfy, sate, glut, appease a longing, or one who longs (the fig. being that of filling or stuffing with food):

quas (litteras Graecas) sic avide arripui quasi diuturnam sitim explere cupiens,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:

famem,

Phaedr. 4, 18, 5; cf.:

jejunam cupidinem,

Lucr. 4, 876: libidines (with satiare), Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 424, 30 (Rep. 6, 1); cf.:

explere cupiditates, satiare odium,

id. Part. Or. 27, 96:

libidinem,

id. Cael. 20, 49:

odium factis dictisque,

Liv. 4, 32, 12; Tac. A. 15, 52:

desiderium,

Liv. 1, 9, 15:

iram,

id. 7, 30, 15; cf.:

omnem exspectationem diuturni desiderii nostri,

Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 205:

avaritiam pecuniā,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 150; Tac. H. 2, 13:

spem omnium,

Just. 22, 8; Liv. 35, 44, 4; Suet. Aug. 75 fin. et saep.:

me,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 67; cf.:

non enim vereor, ne non scribendo te expleam,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

se caede diu optata,

Liv. 31, 24, 11:

tantum regem (divitiis),

Just. 9, 2:

aliquem muneribus,

Sall. J. 13, 6; 20, 1; Cic. Phil. 2, 20, 50:

omnis suos divitiis,

Sall. C. 51, 34:

animum suum (amore),

Ter. And. 1, 2, 17:

animum gaudio,

id. ib. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. Hec. 5, 1, 28; 5, 2, 19:

corda tuendo,

Verg. A. 8, 265; cf.:

expleri mentem nequit ardescitque tuendo Phoenissa,

id. ib. 1, 713:

expletur lacrimis dolor,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 38: alicujus crudelitatem sanguine, Crassus ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 225.— And reflex.:

ut eorum agris expleti atque saturati cum hoc cumulo quaestus decederent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 42 fin. — Poet.:

aliquem alicujus rei (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 463, and v. impleo): animumque explesse juvabit ultricis flammae,

to have sated the mind with the fire of revenge, Verg. A. 2, 586.—

To fulfil, discharge, execute, perform a duty:

amicitiae munus,

Cic. Lael. 19, 67:

susceptum rei publicae munus,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

excusatione officium scribendi,

id. Fam. 16, 25:

mandatum,

Dig. 17, 1, 27.—

Of time, to complete, finish, bring to a close:

tum signis omnibus ad idem principium stellisque revocatis, expletum annum habeto,

Cic. Rep. 6, 22 fin.:

fatales annos,

Tib. 1, 3, 53:

quosdam in Aetolia ducentos annos explere,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 154:

explebat annum trigesimum,

Tac. H. 1, 48.

( Ex in privative signif.; v. ex, III. A.). To unload: navibus explebant sese terrasque replebant, i. e. disembarked, exonerabant se, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 545 (Ann. v. 310 ed. Vahl.).—Hence, ex-plētus, a, um, P. a., full, complete, perfect:

quod undique perfectum expletumque sit omnibus suis numeris ac partibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 37:

undique expleta et perfecta forma honestatis,

id. Fin. 2, 15, 48:

ea, quae natura desiderat, expleta cumulataque habere,

id. Off. 2, 5, 18:

expletum omnibus suis partibus,

id. Fin. 3, 9, 32:

vita animi corporisque expleta virtutibus,

id. ib. 5, 13, 37:

expleta rerum comprehensio,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 21.— Absol.:

parum expleta desiderant,

Quint. 9, 4, 116.

fătisco, ĕre, v. n. (ante-class. in the dep. form fătiscor, ci; v. the foll.) [cf. Gr. chatis, chatizô; Lat. fatigo, fessus, adfatim; for the f = ch, cf. Gr. chu, cheô, cheusô; Lat. fundo, fons], to open in chinks or clefts, to gape or crack open, to fall apart, tumble to pieces ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

(naves) laxis laterum compagibus omnes Accipiunt inimicum imbrem rimisque fatiscunt,

Verg. A. 1, 123:

saxis solida aera fatiscunt,

id. ib. 9, 809:

area neu pulvere victa fatiscat,

id. G. 1, 180:

(pinguis tellus) haud umquam manibus jactata fatiscit,

id. ib. 2, 249:

viscera flammis (with torreri),

Ov. M. 7, 554:

heu canimus frustra, nec verbis victa fatiscit Janua,

Tib. 1, 5, 67 (Müll. patescit):

camelo ungues in longiore itinere sine calceatu fatiscunt,

Plin. 11, 45, 105, § 254.—

In the dep. form:

non delubra deum simulacraque fessa fatisci?

Lucr. 5, 308.—

Trop., to grow weak, become exhausted, to droop, faint, decrease (ante-class. in the dep. form):

solum segetibus fatiscit,

Col. 2, 13, 3:

scrofa celerrime fatiscit, quae plures educat,

id. 7, 9 fin.:

ipse exercitusque per inopiam et labores fatiscebant,

Tac. A. 14, 24: scriptores dum copia fatiscunt, id. ib. 6, 7:

viri in segnitiem,

Val. Fl. 3, 395:

manibusque nesciis fatiscere,

Tac. A. 16, 5:

donec fatisceret seditio,

id. H. 3, 10.— Poet., with inf.:

exsatiata fatiscet Mater Achilleis hiemes affringere bustis,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 35.—

In the dep. form:

aevo,

Lucr. 3, 458: altera irā, altera vulneribus fatiscuntur, Varr. ap. Non. 479, 13; Pac. ib. 307, 12; Att. ib. 10 and 479, 10 and 14; Fronto, Princ. Hist. p. 318 ed. Mai.

fătisco, ĕre, v. n. (ante-class. in the dep. form fătiscor, ci; v. the foll.) [cf. Gr. chatis, chatizô; Lat. fatigo, fessus, adfatim; for the f = ch, cf. Gr. chu, cheô, cheusô; Lat. fundo, fons], to open in chinks or clefts, to gape or crack open, to fall apart, tumble to pieces ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

(naves) laxis laterum compagibus omnes Accipiunt inimicum imbrem rimisque fatiscunt,

Verg. A. 1, 123:

saxis solida aera fatiscunt,

id. ib. 9, 809:

area neu pulvere victa fatiscat,

id. G. 1, 180:

(pinguis tellus) haud umquam manibus jactata fatiscit,

id. ib. 2, 249:

viscera flammis (with torreri),

Ov. M. 7, 554:

heu canimus frustra, nec verbis victa fatiscit Janua,

Tib. 1, 5, 67 (Müll. patescit):

camelo ungues in longiore itinere sine calceatu fatiscunt,

Plin. 11, 45, 105, § 254.—

In the dep. form:

non delubra deum simulacraque fessa fatisci?

Lucr. 5, 308.—

Trop., to grow weak, become exhausted, to droop, faint, decrease (ante-class. in the dep. form):

solum segetibus fatiscit,

Col. 2, 13, 3:

scrofa celerrime fatiscit, quae plures educat,

id. 7, 9 fin.:

ipse exercitusque per inopiam et labores fatiscebant,

Tac. A. 14, 24: scriptores dum copia fatiscunt, id. ib. 6, 7:

viri in segnitiem,

Val. Fl. 3, 395:

manibusque nesciis fatiscere,

Tac. A. 16, 5:

donec fatisceret seditio,

id. H. 3, 10.— Poet., with inf.:

exsatiata fatiscet Mater Achilleis hiemes affringere bustis,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 35.—

In the dep. form:

aevo,

Lucr. 3, 458: altera irā, altera vulneribus fatiscuntur, Varr. ap. Non. 479, 13; Pac. ib. 307, 12; Att. ib. 10 and 479, 10 and 14; Fronto, Princ. Hist. p. 318 ed. Mai.