instructed

in-strŭo, xi ( perf. sync. instruxti, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 34), ctum, 3, v. a., to build in or into; to build,, erect, construct (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

contabulationem in parietes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

tubulos in earum (cloacarum) parietibus,

Vitr. 5, 9, 7:

muros,

Nep. Them. 6:

aggerem,

Tac. H. 2, 22.—

In partic.

To set in order, draw up in battle array:

legiones,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 66:

aciem,

Cic. Mur. 9, 22; id. Phil. 4, 5, 11:

contra copias praesidia vestrosque exercitus,

id. Cat. 2, 11 init.—Absol.:

ad instruendum spatium,

Liv. 9, 37, 3; 10, 19, 15; 24, 48, 11:

insidias in loco aliquo,

to lay an ambush, id. Clu. 66, 190; cf.:

quem insidiis instruendis locum?

Liv. 6, 23, 6:

acies circa vallum,

id. 3, 22, 5:

ad hunc modum aciem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 88:

postremo in plures ordines,

Liv. 8, 8, 4:

naves,

Just. 5, 4, 1.—

To prepare, make ready, furnish, provide, to equip, fit out (with necessaries):

domum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9:

instruere et parare convivium omnibus rebus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 27, §

62: mensas,

Verg. A. 3, 231; Ov. M. 8, 571:

agrum,

to stock, furnish, Liv. 6, 5, 5:

hortos,

Col. 11, 2, 25; Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 11:

frumento et stipendio victorem,

Just. 6, 6:

et dotare filiam,

Suet. Vesp. 14:

mulieri aurum atque ornamenta,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 35:

instruit focum provincia,

Juv. 5, 97:

socios simul instruit armis,

Verg. A. 8, 80:

concubinas securibus peltisque,

Suet. Ner. 44:

Xerxes bellum per quinquennium instruxit,

Just. 2, 10, 12; 8, 5, 2.—

Trop.

In gen., to procure, provide for, prepare for, furnish:

accusationem,

Cic. Clu. 6:

causam,

Plin. Ep. 10, 85:

in instruendo (orationem) dissipatus,

in arranging, Cic. Brut. 59, 216: se, to furnish, prepare one ' s self:

ad judicium nondum se satis instruxerat,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 19:

neque spatium erat instruendi bellum,

Just. 8, 5, 2. —

In partic., to provide with information, to teach, instruct:

(oratores) parum his artibus instructos vidimus,

Cic. Brut. 59, 214:

judicem notitiā rerum,

Quint. 4, 2, 24:

juvenes salubribus praeceptis,

Petr. 140: aliquem scientiā alicujus rei, Quint. prooem. § 23; cf. id. 1, 10, 5; 2, 4, 20; 2, 5, 1 al.— Absol., Just. praef. 4 (but in Cic. Cael. 30, 72, the true reading is instituimur).—

To plan, devise:

magnas res hic agito in mentem instruere,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 31:

instruendae fraudi intentior,

Liv. 23, 35, 14: insidias [p. 971] mihi, Cat. 18 (21), 7.—Hence, instructus, a, um, P. a., ordered, drawn up; furnished, provided with any thing.

Lit.:

exercitus ita stetit instructus, ut, etc.,

Liv. 4, 18:

acies,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

domicilia rebus iis omnibus, quibus, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

instructa et exornata domus,

provided with necessaries, id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 84:

instructae ornataeque naves,

id. ib. 2, 5, 51, §

133: instructae atque ornatae omnibus rebus copiae,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 8:

omnibus rebus instructum et paratum convivium,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27.—

Trop.

Arranged, prepared; instructed:

jam instructa sunt mihi in corde consilia omnia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 7:

res satis scite instructae et compositae,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 39:

ad permovendos animos instructi et parati,

id. Or. 5:

ad mortem contemnendam,

id. Fin. 2, 17:

ad dicendum instructissimus,

id. de Or. 3, 8.—

Instructed, versed in:

in jure civili,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 249:

omnibus ingenuis artibus,

id. ib. 1, 16, 73:

a jure civili, ab historia instructior (v. ab),

id. Brut. 43.—

In a bad sense: accusatores instructi et subornati,

prepared, instructed, Cic. Vatin. 1, 3:

vitiis instructior,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 25.— Adv.: instructē, with great preparation; only comp.:

ludos opulentius instructius facere,

Liv. 1, 35, 7:

instructius accusare,

App. Mag. 34, p. 296.

* * *

* * *

taught, instructed, learned, tutored.

ad-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v. a. [2. do] (addues for addideris, Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.), to put, place, lay, etc., a person or thing to another.

In gen.

Lit., NEVE AVROM ADDITO, let no gold be put into the grave with the dead, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. in Cic. de Leg. 2, 24: Argus, quem quondam Ioni Juno custodem addidit, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 20; so id. Mil. 2, 6, 69:

adimunt diviti, addunt pauperi,

Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 47:

spumantia addit Frena feris,

Verg. A. 5, 818:

Pergamaque Iliacamque jugis hanc addidit arcem, i.e. imposuit,

id. ib. 3, 336; Hor. Epod. 8, 10:

flammae aquam,

to throw upon, Tib. 2, 4, 42:

incendia ramis,

Sil. 7, 161:

propiorem Martem,

to bring nearer, id. 5, 442.— With in:

uram in ollulas addere,

Varr. R. R. 2, 54, 2:

glandem in dolium,

id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

eas epistulas in eundem fasciculum velim addas,

Cic. Att. 12, 53:

adde manus in vincla meas,

Ov. Am. 1, 7, 1; id. A. A. 2, 672, 30.— Poet.:

cum carceribus sese effudere quadrigae, addunt in spatia, i. e. dant se,

Verg. G. 1, 513, v. Heyne and Forb.—Hence,

Trop., to bring to, to add to; with dat.:

pudicitiae hujus vitium me hinc absente'st additum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 179: fletum ingenio muliebri, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50; also absol.:

operam addam sedulo,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 54; so id. Pers. 4, 4, 57: addere animum, or animos, to give courage, make courageous:

mihi quidem addit animum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 31:

sed haec sunt in iis libris, quos tu laudando animos mihi addidisti,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 4; so,

animos cum clamore,

Ov. M. 8, 388.—So also:

addis mihi alacritatem scribendi,

Cic. Att. 16, 3:

verba virtutem non addere,

impart, bestow, Sall. C. 58:

severitas dignitatem addiderat,

id. ib. 57:

audaciam,

id. J. 94:

formidinem,

id. ib. 37:

metum,

Tac. H. 1, 62; cf. ib. 76:

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

id. G. 3:

ardorem mentibus,

Verg. A. 9, 184:

ductoribus honores,

id. ib. 5, 249; hence, addere alicui calcar, to give one the spur, to spur him on: anticipate atque addite calcar, Varr. ap. Non. 70, 13:

vatibus addere calcar,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 217 (cf.: admovere calcar Cic. Att. 6, 1, and adhibere calcar, id. Brut. 56).

Esp.

To add to by way of increase, to join or annex to, to augment, with dat. or ad (the most common signif. of this word):

etiam fides, ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 37:

verbum adde etiam unum,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 68; cf. Ter. And. 5, 2, 19:

non satis habes quod tibi dieculam addo?

id. ib. 4, 2, 27; so id. Eun. 1, 1, 33; id. Ph. 1, 1, 8:

illud in his rebus non addunt,

Lucr. 3, 900: quaeso ne ad malum hoc addas malum, Caec. ap. Non. 154, 15:

addendo deducendoque videre quae reliqui summa fiat,

Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59; so id. de Or. 2, 12 fin.; id. Fam. 15, 20; id Att. 1, 13:

acervum efficiunt uno addito grano,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

hunc laborem ad cotidiana opera addebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49:

multas res novas in edictum addidit,

he made essential additions to, Nep. Cat. 2, 3:

eaque res multum animis eorum addidit,

Sall. J. 75, 9:

addita est alia insuper injuria,

Liv. 2, 2:

novas litterarum formas addidit vulgavitque,

Tac. A. 11, 13; cf. ib. 14 al.— Poet.:

noctem addens operi,

also the night to the work, Verg. A. 8, 411;

ut quantum generi demas, virtutibus addas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 22.— With ad:

additum ad caput legis,

Suet. Calig. 40; so Flor. 1, 13, 17.— Poet. with inf.:

ille viris pila et ferro circumdare pectus addiderat,

he instructed them in addition, Sil. 8, 550: addere gradum (sc. gradui), to add step to step, i. e. to quicken one's pace:

adde gradum, appropera,

Plaut. Tr. 4, 3, 3; so Liv. 3, 27; 26, 9; Plin. Ep. 6, 20; cf. Doed. Syn. 4, 58: addito tempore, in course of time:

conjugia sobrinarum diu ignorata addito tempore percrebuisse,

Tac. A. 12, 6; so also: addita aetate, with increased age: in infantia scabunt aures;

quod addita aetate non queunt,

as they grow older, Plin. 11, 48, 108, § 260.—

Mercant. t. t., to add to one's bidding, to give more: nihil addo, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 255.—

When a new thought is added to what precedes, as an enlargement of it, it is introduced by adde, adde huc, adde quod, and the like (cf. accedo), add to this, add to this the circumstance that, or besides, moreover...:

adde furorem animi proprium atque oblivia rerum, adde quod in nigras lethargi mergitur undas,

Lucr. 3, 828 sq. (cf. the third verse before: advenit id quod eam de rebus saepe futuris Macerat):

adde huc, si placet, unguentarios, saltatores totumque ludum talarium,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:

adde hos praeterea casus, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 71:

adde huc populationem agrorum,

Liv. 7, 30: adde quod pubes tibi crescit omnis, Hor. C. 2, 8, 17; id. Ep. 1, 18, 52:

adde quod ingenuas didicisse fideliter artes Emollit mores nec sinit esse feros,

Ov. Pont. 2, 9, 49:

adde huc quod mercem sine fucis gestat,

Hor. Sat. 1, 2, 83:

adde super dictis quod non levius valeat,

id. ib. 2, 7, 78.—So also when several are addressed, as in the speech of Scipic to his soldiers:

adde defectionem Italiae, Siciliae, etc.,

Liv. 26, 41, 12.—Also with the acc. and inf.:

addebat etiam, se in legem Voconiam juratum contra eam facere non audere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 55;

and with an anticipatory dem. pron.: Addit etiam illud, equites non optimos fuisse,

id. Deiot. 8, 24:

Addit haec, fortes viros sequi, etc.,

id. Mil. 35, 96 al.: addito as abl. absol. with a subj. clause; with the addition, with this addition (post-Aug.): vocantur patres, addito consultandum super re magna et atroci, with this intimation, that they were to consult, etc., Tac. A. 2, 28:

addito ut luna infra terram sit,

Plin. 15, 17, 18, § 62 (cf.:

adjuncto ut... haberentur,

Cic. Off. 2, 12).— Hence, addĭtus, a, um, P. a. (addo I.), joined to one as a constant observer; so,

Watching or observing in a hostile or troublesome manner: si mihi non praetor siet additus atque agitet me, Lucil. ap. Macr. Sat. 6, 4.—Hence, in gen.,

Pursuing one incessantly, persecuting:

nec Teucris addita Juno Usquam aberit,

Verg. A. 6, 90 Serv. (= adfixa, incumbens, infesta).

a-spergo ( adsp-, Ritschl, Jan; asp-, others; in MSS. sometimes aspar-go, v. Cort. ad Luc. 1, 384, and Wagner ad Verg. G. 3, 419, and infra examples from Lucr. and Hor.; cf. 2. aspergo), ersi, ersum, 3, v. a. [spargo].

Aliquid (alicui rei), to scatter, strew something on something; or of liquids, to sprinkle, spatter over (syn.: adfundo, inicio; never in Ovid, but he often uses the simple spargo).

Lit.:

aequor Ionium glaucis aspargit virus ab undis,

Lucr. 1, 719 Lachm.:

Ah! adspersisti aquam, Jam rediit animus,

you have dashed water on me, have revived me, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15:

Euax, adspersisti aquam,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 13:

guttam bulbo (with a play upon the names Gutta and Bulbus),

Cic. Clu. 26, 71:

pigmenta in tabulā,

id. Div. 1, 13, 23:

corpus ejus adustum adspergunt aliis carnibus,

Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

liquor adspersus oculis,

id. 12, 8, 18, § 34:

Bubus glandem tum adspergi convenit,

id. 18, 26, 63, § 232:

corpus floribus aspersis veneratus est,

Suet. Aug. 18:

pecori virus aspergere,

to infect, poison, Verg. G. 3, 419:

aspergens cinerem capiti,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 13, 15:

huc tu jussos asperge sapores,

Verg. G. 4, 62:

Non nihil aspersis gaudet Amor lacrimis,

Prop. 1, 12, 16:

sanguinem aspergere,

Vulg. 2 Par. 29, 24:

nivem,

ib. Eccli. 43, 19.—

Trop.:

cum clarissimo viro non nullam laudatione tuā labeculam aspergas,

fasten upon, Cic. Vatin. 17, 41:

ne qua ex tuā summā indignitate labes illius dignitati aspersa videatur,

id. ib. 6, 15:

notam alicui,

Dig. 37, 14, 17 fin. (cf.:

allinere notam,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17).—So of an inheritance, to bestow, bequeath something to, to set apart for:

Aebutio sextulam aspergit,

Cic. Caecin. 6, 17.— Poet.:

alas: lacteus extentas aspergit circulus alas,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 175.—In gen., to add to, to join, = adjungere:

si illius (sc. Catonis majoris) comitatem et facilitatem tuae gravitati severitatique asperseris,

Cic. Mur. 31 fin.:

huic generi orationis aspergentur etiam sales,

id. Or. 26, 87; id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 10:

hos aspersi, ut scires etc.,

id. Fam. 2, 16 fin. —

Aliquem or aliquid aliquā re (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 362; Zumpt, Gr. § 418), to strew some person or thing with something, to splash over, besprinkle, bespatter, bedew, lit. and trop.

Lit.:

ah, guttulā Pectus ardens mihi adspersisti (cf. supra, aquam),

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 28:

quas (sedes) nec nubila nimbis Aspergunt,

Lucr. 3, 20:

ne aram sanguine aspergeret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88; so Vulg. 4 Reg. 9, [p. 175] 33; ib. Apoc. 19, 13:

sanguine mensas,

Ov. M. 5, 40; and with de:

asperget de sanguine ejus (turturis) parietem altaris,

Vulg. Lev. 5, 9:

vaccam semine,

Liv. 41, 13:

Vinxit et aspersas altera vitta comas,

the sprinkled hair, Prop. 5, 11, 34 (Müller, † acceptas):

imbre lutoque Aspersus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 12 K. and H.; Claud. B. Gild. 494:

aquā,

Vulg. Num. 8, 7; ib. 2 Macc. 1, 21:

hyssopo,

ib. Psa. 50, 9:

cinere,

ib. Jer. 25, 34:

terrā,

ib. 2 Macc. 10, 25 al.—

Trop.:

(Mons Idae) primo parvis urbibus aspersus erat,

dotted over with, Mel. 1, 18, 2:

aures gemitu,

to fill, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 1:

auditiunculā quādam aspersus, i. e. imbutus,

instructed, Gell. 13, 19, 5:

aspersi corda a conscientiā malā,

Vulg. Heb. 10, 22.—Esp., to spot, stain, sully, defile, asperse:

hunc tu vitae splendorem maculis aspergis istis?

Cic. Planc. 12, 30; so also absol.:

leviter aspersus,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 9:

istius facti non modo suspitione, sed ne infamiā quidem est aspersus,

id. Cael. 10; so Liv. 23, 30:

aspergebatur etiam infamiā, quod, etc.,

Nep. Alcib. 3 fin.; so Suet. Ner. 3: aliquem linguā, Auct. ad Her. 4, 49, 62:

e quibus unus amet quāvis aspargere cunctos, i. e. quibusvis dicteriis perstringere, laedere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 87 K. and H.

aspergo (Merk., Müller, Strüb.; in MSS. sometimes aspargo, Lachm., Rib., e. g. Verg. A. 3, 534, acc. to Non. p. 405, 5, and Vel. Long. p. 2234 P.; v. 1. aspergo), ĭnis, f. (in the ante-class. per. com. acc. to Prisc. p. 658 P.) [1. aspergo].

A sprinkling, besprinkling (most freq. in the poets, never in Cic., who uses aspersio, q. v.):

aspergo aquarum,

Ov. M. 7, 108:

aquae,

Petr. 102, 15:

(Peneus) Nubila conducit, summasque aspergine silvas Impluit,

Ov. M. 1, 572:

sanguis virides aspergine tinxerat herbas,

id. ib. 3, 86;

3, 683 al.: Aspergine et gelu pruinisque (lapides) rumpuntur,

Plin. 36, 22, 48, § 167:

parietum,

the moisture, sweat, upon walls, Cato, R. R. 128; so Vitr. 5, 11, 1, and Plin. 22, 21, 30, § 63.— Trop.:

omni culparum aspergine liber,

Prud. Apoth. 1005.—

Meton. (abstr. for concr.), that which is sprinkled, drops:

hic ubi sol radiis.... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspargine contra,

opposite to the falling rain, Lucr. 6, 525 Lachm.:

Objectae salsā spumant aspargine cautes,

the spray, Verg. A. 3, 534:

Flammiferā gemini fumant aspergine postes,

Ov. M. 14, 796:

maduere graves aspergine pennae,

id. ib. 4, 729:

arborei fetus aspergine caedis in atram Vertuntur faciem,

by means of the sprinkled blood, id. ib. 4, 125 al.

a-spergo ( adsp-, Ritschl, Jan; asp-, others; in MSS. sometimes aspar-go, v. Cort. ad Luc. 1, 384, and Wagner ad Verg. G. 3, 419, and infra examples from Lucr. and Hor.; cf. 2. aspergo), ersi, ersum, 3, v. a. [spargo].

Aliquid (alicui rei), to scatter, strew something on something; or of liquids, to sprinkle, spatter over (syn.: adfundo, inicio; never in Ovid, but he often uses the simple spargo).

Lit.:

aequor Ionium glaucis aspargit virus ab undis,

Lucr. 1, 719 Lachm.:

Ah! adspersisti aquam, Jam rediit animus,

you have dashed water on me, have revived me, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15:

Euax, adspersisti aquam,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 13:

guttam bulbo (with a play upon the names Gutta and Bulbus),

Cic. Clu. 26, 71:

pigmenta in tabulā,

id. Div. 1, 13, 23:

corpus ejus adustum adspergunt aliis carnibus,

Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

liquor adspersus oculis,

id. 12, 8, 18, § 34:

Bubus glandem tum adspergi convenit,

id. 18, 26, 63, § 232:

corpus floribus aspersis veneratus est,

Suet. Aug. 18:

pecori virus aspergere,

to infect, poison, Verg. G. 3, 419:

aspergens cinerem capiti,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 13, 15:

huc tu jussos asperge sapores,

Verg. G. 4, 62:

Non nihil aspersis gaudet Amor lacrimis,

Prop. 1, 12, 16:

sanguinem aspergere,

Vulg. 2 Par. 29, 24:

nivem,

ib. Eccli. 43, 19.—

Trop.:

cum clarissimo viro non nullam laudatione tuā labeculam aspergas,

fasten upon, Cic. Vatin. 17, 41:

ne qua ex tuā summā indignitate labes illius dignitati aspersa videatur,

id. ib. 6, 15:

notam alicui,

Dig. 37, 14, 17 fin. (cf.:

allinere notam,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17).—So of an inheritance, to bestow, bequeath something to, to set apart for:

Aebutio sextulam aspergit,

Cic. Caecin. 6, 17.— Poet.:

alas: lacteus extentas aspergit circulus alas,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 175.—In gen., to add to, to join, = adjungere:

si illius (sc. Catonis majoris) comitatem et facilitatem tuae gravitati severitatique asperseris,

Cic. Mur. 31 fin.:

huic generi orationis aspergentur etiam sales,

id. Or. 26, 87; id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 10:

hos aspersi, ut scires etc.,

id. Fam. 2, 16 fin. —

Aliquem or aliquid aliquā re (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 362; Zumpt, Gr. § 418), to strew some person or thing with something, to splash over, besprinkle, bespatter, bedew, lit. and trop.

Lit.:

ah, guttulā Pectus ardens mihi adspersisti (cf. supra, aquam),

Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 28:

quas (sedes) nec nubila nimbis Aspergunt,

Lucr. 3, 20:

ne aram sanguine aspergeret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88; so Vulg. 4 Reg. 9, [p. 175] 33; ib. Apoc. 19, 13:

sanguine mensas,

Ov. M. 5, 40; and with de:

asperget de sanguine ejus (turturis) parietem altaris,

Vulg. Lev. 5, 9:

vaccam semine,

Liv. 41, 13:

Vinxit et aspersas altera vitta comas,

the sprinkled hair, Prop. 5, 11, 34 (Müller, † acceptas):

imbre lutoque Aspersus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 12 K. and H.; Claud. B. Gild. 494:

aquā,

Vulg. Num. 8, 7; ib. 2 Macc. 1, 21:

hyssopo,

ib. Psa. 50, 9:

cinere,

ib. Jer. 25, 34:

terrā,

ib. 2 Macc. 10, 25 al.—

Trop.:

(Mons Idae) primo parvis urbibus aspersus erat,

dotted over with, Mel. 1, 18, 2:

aures gemitu,

to fill, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 1:

auditiunculā quādam aspersus, i. e. imbutus,

instructed, Gell. 13, 19, 5:

aspersi corda a conscientiā malā,

Vulg. Heb. 10, 22.—Esp., to spot, stain, sully, defile, asperse:

hunc tu vitae splendorem maculis aspergis istis?

Cic. Planc. 12, 30; so also absol.:

leviter aspersus,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 9:

istius facti non modo suspitione, sed ne infamiā quidem est aspersus,

id. Cael. 10; so Liv. 23, 30:

aspergebatur etiam infamiā, quod, etc.,

Nep. Alcib. 3 fin.; so Suet. Ner. 3: aliquem linguā, Auct. ad Her. 4, 49, 62:

e quibus unus amet quāvis aspargere cunctos, i. e. quibusvis dicteriis perstringere, laedere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 87 K. and H.

aspergo (Merk., Müller, Strüb.; in MSS. sometimes aspargo, Lachm., Rib., e. g. Verg. A. 3, 534, acc. to Non. p. 405, 5, and Vel. Long. p. 2234 P.; v. 1. aspergo), ĭnis, f. (in the ante-class. per. com. acc. to Prisc. p. 658 P.) [1. aspergo].

A sprinkling, besprinkling (most freq. in the poets, never in Cic., who uses aspersio, q. v.):

aspergo aquarum,

Ov. M. 7, 108:

aquae,

Petr. 102, 15:

(Peneus) Nubila conducit, summasque aspergine silvas Impluit,

Ov. M. 1, 572:

sanguis virides aspergine tinxerat herbas,

id. ib. 3, 86;

3, 683 al.: Aspergine et gelu pruinisque (lapides) rumpuntur,

Plin. 36, 22, 48, § 167:

parietum,

the moisture, sweat, upon walls, Cato, R. R. 128; so Vitr. 5, 11, 1, and Plin. 22, 21, 30, § 63.— Trop.:

omni culparum aspergine liber,

Prud. Apoth. 1005.—

Meton. (abstr. for concr.), that which is sprinkled, drops:

hic ubi sol radiis.... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspargine contra,

opposite to the falling rain, Lucr. 6, 525 Lachm.:

Objectae salsā spumant aspargine cautes,

the spray, Verg. A. 3, 534:

Flammiferā gemini fumant aspergine postes,

Ov. M. 14, 796:

maduere graves aspergine pennae,

id. ib. 4, 729:

arborei fetus aspergine caedis in atram Vertuntur faciem,

by means of the sprinkled blood, id. ib. 4, 125 al.

ē-rŭdĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4, v. a., qs. to free from roughness, i. e. to polish, educate, instruct, teach (freq. and class.; cf.: doceo, edoceo, praecipio, instituo).

Prop.:

studiosos discendi erudiunt atque docent,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 156:

aliquem,

id. Div. 2, 2 (with docere); id. de Or. 3, 9, 35 (with instituere); id. ib. 2, 1, 12; Quint. prooem. § 1;

6 et saep.: filios ad majorum instituta (with instituere),

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 26:

aliquem artibus,

id. Fam. 1, 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 2, 19, 34:

eum ad exquisitissimam consuetudinem Graecorum erudiit,

id. ib. 2, 21, 37:

aliquem in jure civili,

id. de Or. 1, 59 fin.; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3.—With two acc. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

aliquem leges praeceptaque belli,

Stat. Th. 10, 507; cf. Val. Fl. 2, 50; v. also under P. a.: aliquem, with an object-clause, Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149; cf.

without aliquem,

Ov. F. 3, 820; Sil. 11, 352.—With a rel.-clause as object:

qua possint arte capi,

Ov. F. 3, 294:

tirones neque in ludo, neque per lanistas,

i. e. to cause to be instructed, Suet. Caes. 26:

gladiatores sub eodem magistro eruditi,

Quint. 2, 17, 33:

Athenas erudiendi gratia missus,

Just. 17, 3, 11;

once: aliquem de aliqua re, Cic.: obviae mihi velim sint tuae litterae, quae me erudiant de omni re publica,

instruct me, keep me informed of, Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—

Transf., of objects not personal:

artes,

Ov. M. 8, 215:

ut flerent, oculos erudiere suos,

id. R. Am. 690; id. Am. 1, 14, 30:

Polycletus consummasse hanc scientiam judicatur et toreuticen sic erudisse, ut Phidias aperuisse,

to have cultivated, brought to perfection, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 56.— Hence, ērŭdītus, a, um, P. a., learned, accomplished, well-informed, skilled, experienced (cf.: litteratus, doctus, peritus, gnarus, scitus).

Prop.:

est non satis politus iis artibus, quas qui tenent eruditi appellantur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7 fin.:

Graeculus otiosus et loquax, et fortasse doctus atque eruditus,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 102:

semper mihi et doctrina et eruditi homines placuerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 17 fin.; id. Tusc. 1, 3:

nec sicut vulgus sed ut eruditi solent appellare sapientem,

id. Lael. 2, 6; cf.

opp. rusticus,

Quint. 11, 1, 45; 8, 6, 75 et saep.:

non transmarinis nec importatis artibus eruditi, sed genuinis domesticisque virtutibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 15 fin.:

homines non litteris ad rei militaris scientiam, sed rebus gestis ac victoriis eruditos,

id. Font. 15, 33; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7 fin.; cf. id. Brut. 67, 236; id. Arch. 7; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23 al.:

eruditi Socraticis disputationibus,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 139:

a pueris eruditi artibus militiae,

Liv. 42, 52 et saep.; cf. in the comp.:

litteris eruditior quam Curio,

Cic. Brut. 82; and in the sup.:

Scaevola, homo omnium et disciplina juris civilis eruditissimus,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 180.— With acc.:

Graecas res eruditi,

Gell. 2, 21, 3; cf. id. 19, 12, 9.—With inf.:

eruditus utilia honestis miscere,

Tac. Agr. 8.—

Transf., of inanimate and abstract subjects:

quod ceteri minus eruditis hominum seculis fuerunt,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

tempora (with docti homines),

id. ib.:

aures,

id. ib. 2, 42; id. Or. 34, 119; Quint. 10, 1, 32:

animus,

Cic. Fam. 5, 14: oratio (opp. popularis), id. Par. prooem. § 4; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 17; 8, 6, 24 al.:

Graecorum copia,

fulness of Greek learning, Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7: palata, i. e. practised, fine (with docta), Col. 8, 16, 4; cf.

gustus,

Tac. A. 16, 18.—In neutr. with a subject-clause:

ex historia ducere urbanitatem, eruditum est,

Quint. 6, 3, 98; cf.:

eruditissimum longe, si, etc.,

id. 9, 2, 97.— Adv.: ērŭdītē, learnedly, eruditely. — Comp., Cic. de Sen. 1 fin.; Quint. 1, 5, 36.— Sup., Cic. Or. 52; Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 8.

ē-rŭdĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4, v. a., qs. to free from roughness, i. e. to polish, educate, instruct, teach (freq. and class.; cf.: doceo, edoceo, praecipio, instituo).

Prop.:

studiosos discendi erudiunt atque docent,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 156:

aliquem,

id. Div. 2, 2 (with docere); id. de Or. 3, 9, 35 (with instituere); id. ib. 2, 1, 12; Quint. prooem. § 1;

6 et saep.: filios ad majorum instituta (with instituere),

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 26:

aliquem artibus,

id. Fam. 1, 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 2, 19, 34:

eum ad exquisitissimam consuetudinem Graecorum erudiit,

id. ib. 2, 21, 37:

aliquem in jure civili,

id. de Or. 1, 59 fin.; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3.—With two acc. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

aliquem leges praeceptaque belli,

Stat. Th. 10, 507; cf. Val. Fl. 2, 50; v. also under P. a.: aliquem, with an object-clause, Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149; cf.

without aliquem,

Ov. F. 3, 820; Sil. 11, 352.—With a rel.-clause as object:

qua possint arte capi,

Ov. F. 3, 294:

tirones neque in ludo, neque per lanistas,

i. e. to cause to be instructed, Suet. Caes. 26:

gladiatores sub eodem magistro eruditi,

Quint. 2, 17, 33:

Athenas erudiendi gratia missus,

Just. 17, 3, 11;

once: aliquem de aliqua re, Cic.: obviae mihi velim sint tuae litterae, quae me erudiant de omni re publica,

instruct me, keep me informed of, Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—

Transf., of objects not personal:

artes,

Ov. M. 8, 215:

ut flerent, oculos erudiere suos,

id. R. Am. 690; id. Am. 1, 14, 30:

Polycletus consummasse hanc scientiam judicatur et toreuticen sic erudisse, ut Phidias aperuisse,

to have cultivated, brought to perfection, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 56.— Hence, ērŭdītus, a, um, P. a., learned, accomplished, well-informed, skilled, experienced (cf.: litteratus, doctus, peritus, gnarus, scitus).

Prop.:

est non satis politus iis artibus, quas qui tenent eruditi appellantur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7 fin.:

Graeculus otiosus et loquax, et fortasse doctus atque eruditus,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 102:

semper mihi et doctrina et eruditi homines placuerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 17 fin.; id. Tusc. 1, 3:

nec sicut vulgus sed ut eruditi solent appellare sapientem,

id. Lael. 2, 6; cf.

opp. rusticus,

Quint. 11, 1, 45; 8, 6, 75 et saep.:

non transmarinis nec importatis artibus eruditi, sed genuinis domesticisque virtutibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 15 fin.:

homines non litteris ad rei militaris scientiam, sed rebus gestis ac victoriis eruditos,

id. Font. 15, 33; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7 fin.; cf. id. Brut. 67, 236; id. Arch. 7; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23 al.:

eruditi Socraticis disputationibus,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 139:

a pueris eruditi artibus militiae,

Liv. 42, 52 et saep.; cf. in the comp.:

litteris eruditior quam Curio,

Cic. Brut. 82; and in the sup.:

Scaevola, homo omnium et disciplina juris civilis eruditissimus,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 180.— With acc.:

Graecas res eruditi,

Gell. 2, 21, 3; cf. id. 19, 12, 9.—With inf.:

eruditus utilia honestis miscere,

Tac. Agr. 8.—

Transf., of inanimate and abstract subjects:

quod ceteri minus eruditis hominum seculis fuerunt,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

tempora (with docti homines),

id. ib.:

aures,

id. ib. 2, 42; id. Or. 34, 119; Quint. 10, 1, 32:

animus,

Cic. Fam. 5, 14: oratio (opp. popularis), id. Par. prooem. § 4; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 17; 8, 6, 24 al.:

Graecorum copia,

fulness of Greek learning, Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7: palata, i. e. practised, fine (with docta), Col. 8, 16, 4; cf.

gustus,

Tac. A. 16, 18.—In neutr. with a subject-clause:

ex historia ducere urbanitatem, eruditum est,

Quint. 6, 3, 98; cf.:

eruditissimum longe, si, etc.,

id. 9, 2, 97.— Adv.: ērŭdītē, learnedly, eruditely. — Comp., Cic. de Sen. 1 fin.; Quint. 1, 5, 36.— Sup., Cic. Or. 52; Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 8.

fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a. [root FUD; Gr. CHU, cheW-, in cheô, cheusô;

Lat. futis, futtilis, ec-futio, re-futo, etc.,

Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 204 sq. ], to pour, pour out, shed.

Lit., of fluids.

In gen.:

(natura terram) sucum venis cogebat fundere apertis Consimilem lactis, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 812:

sanguinem e patera,

Cic. Div. 1, 23, 46:

novum liquorem (i. e. vinum) de patera,

Hor. C. 1, 31, 3:

vina paterā in aras,

Ov. M. 9, 160; cf.:

vinum inter cornua,

id. ib. 7, 594:

vinum super aequora,

id. ib. 11, 247:

duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho Fundit humi,

Verg. A. 5, 78:

laticem urnis,

Ov. M. 3, 172:

lacrimas,

Verg. A. 3, 348: cf. Ov. M. [p. 793] 5, 540:

fundit Anigros aquas,

pours out, id. ib. 15, 282:

parumne fusum est Latini sanguinis?

shed, spilt, Hor. Epod. 7, 4:

sanguine ob rem publicam fuso,

Sall. H. Fr. 2, 96, 2 Dietsch:

sanguinem de regno (i. e. propter regnum),

Curt. 10, 5.—Mid.:

memorandum, in septem lacus eum (Strymonem) fundi,

discharges itself, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 38:

ingentibus procellis fusus imber,

pouring, Liv. 6, 8, 7; 6, 32, 6; cf.:

sanguis in corporibus fusus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 310.—

In partic.

Of metals, to make by melting, to melt, cast, found:

exolevit fundendi aeris pretiosi ratio,

Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 5; cf. id. 34, 7, 18, § 46:

caldarium (aes) funditur tantum, malleis fragile,

id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

aere fuso,

id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

vitrum,

id. 34, 14, 42, § 148:

glandes, Auct. B. Afr. 20, 3: Theodorus ipse se ex aere fudit,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 83:

ne statuam quidem inchoari, cum ejus membra fundentur,

Quint. 2, 1, 12:

fusis omnibus membris (statuae),

id. 7 praef. §

2: olim quaerere amabam, Quid sculptum infabre, quid fusum durius esset,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 22.—

In medic. lang.: aliquem, to cause one to have fluid stools, to relax the bowels (opp. comprimere): si compresserit aliquem morbus aut fuderit, Cels. praef. med.; cf. under P. a.—

Transf.

To wet, moisten, bathe with a liquid ( poet. and very rare):

(ossa) niveo fundere lacte,

Tib. 3, 2, 20:

multo tempora funde mero,

id. 1, 7, 50.—

Of things non-fluid.

In gen., to pour forth in abundance, to scatter, cast, hurl; to spread, extend, diffuse:

desectam cum stramento segetem corbibus fudere in Tiberim,

Liv. 2, 5, 3:

picem reliquasque res, quibus ignis excitari potest, fundebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4:

tela,

Val. Fl. 3, 243:

sagittam,

Sil. 7, 647:

(solis) radios per opaca domorum,

Lucr. 2, 115:

quas (maculas) incuria fudit,

has scattered, Hor. A. P. 352:

fundunt se carcere laeti Thraces equi,

pour themselves forth, rush out, Val. Fl. 1, 611:

se cuncta manus ratibus,

id. 2, 662:

littera fundens se in charta,

Plin. 13, 12, 25, § 81:

luna se fundebat per fenestras,

Verg. A. 3, 152.—Mid.:

ne (vitis) in omnes partes nimia fundatur,

spread out, Cic. de Sen. 15, 52:

homines fusi per agros ac dispersi,

Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—

In partic.

With the accessory notion of production, to bring forth, bear or produce (in abundance):

crescunt arbusta et fetus in tempore fundunt,

Lucr. 1, 351; cf.:

terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere, quae cum maxima largitate fundit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

flores aut fruges aut bacas,

id. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

frugem,

id. de Sen. 15, 51:

plus materiae (vites),

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 192:

cum centesimo Leontini campi fundunt,

id. 18, 10, 21, § 95:

facile illa (piscium ova) aqua et sustinentur et fetum fundunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

(terra) animal prope certo tempore fudit Omne,

Lucr. 5, 823; cf. ib. 917:

fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti,

Verg. G. 1, 13:

Africa asinorum silvestrium multitudinem fundit,

Plin. 8, 30, 46, § 108: quae te beluam ex utero, non hominem fudit, Cic. Pis. init.; Verg. A. 8, 139, v. Forbig. ad h. l.—

With the secondary notion of depth or downward direction, to throw or cast to the ground, to prostrate:

(victi hostes) et de jugis, quae ceperant, funduntur,

Liv. 9, 43, 20:

nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor Corpora (cervorum) fundat humi,

Verg. A. 1, 193; cf. Ov. M. 13, 85; Sil. 4, 533:

aliquem arcu,

Val. Fl. 1, 446.—In middle force:

fundi in alga,

to lie down, Val. Fl. 1, 252.—Esp. freq. milit. t. t., overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy:

hostes nefarios prostravit, fudit, occidit,

Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27; cf.:

exercitus caesus fususque,

id. ib. 14, 1, 1:

aliquos caedere, fundere atque fugare,

Sall. J. 58, 3:

Gaetulos,

id. ib. 88, 3:

classes fusae fugataeque,

id. ib. 79, 4; cf.:

si vi fudisset cecidissetque hostes,

Liv. 35, 1, 8:

hostes de jugis,

id. 9, 43, 20:

Gallos de delubris vestris,

id. 6, 16, 2:

eas omnes copias a se uno proelio fusas ac superatas esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 8; cf.:

Massilienses crebris eruptionibus fusi,

id. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

Latini ad Veserim fusi et fugati,

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 2, 6 fin.:

quatuor exercitus Carthaginiensium fudi, fugavi, Hispania expuli,

id. 28, 28, 9; cf. Drak. on 38, 53, 2;

less freq. in a reversed order: alios arma sumentes fugant funduntque,

Sall. J. 21, 2; Vell. 2, 46 fin.: omnibus hostium copiis fusis armisque exutis, Caes. B. G. 3, 6, 3:

magnas copias hostium fudit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 20:

Sabinos equitatu fudit,

id. Rep. 2, 20:

Armeniorum copias,

id. Arch. 9, 21:

maximas copias parva manu,

Sall. C. 7, 7.

Trop.

Ingen., to pour out or forth, to spread out, extend, display:

imago de corpore fusa,

Lucr. 4, 53:

animam moribundo corpore fudit,

id. 3, 1033; cf. id. 3, 700:

concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit,

Verg. A. 2, 532:

circuli (appellantur), quod mixta farina et caseo et aqua circuitum aequabiliter fundebant,

poured out, spread out, Varr. L. L. 5, § 106:

quem secutus Cicero hanc famam latius fudit,

Quint. 11, 2, 14; cf. id. 10, 5, 11:

cum vero causa ea inciderit, in qua vis eloquentiae possit expromi: tum se latius fundet orator,

will display himself, Cic. Or. 36, 125:

superstitio, fusa per gentes,

id. Div. 2, 72 init.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 84:

neque se tanta in eo (Cicerone) fudisset ubertas,

id. 12, 2, 23:

fundet opes, Latiumque beabit divite lingua,

riches of expression, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121. —Mid.:

quamquam negant, nec virtutes nec vitia crescere: tamen utrumque eorum fundi quodammodo et quasi dilatari putant,

to be diffused, Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 48; cf.:

modo virtus latius funditur,

Sen. Ep. 74, 27; and:

semper ex eo, quod maximas partes continet latissimeque funditur, tota res appellatur,

id. 5, 30, 92:

saepe in amplificanda re funditur numerose et volubiliter oratio,

id. Or. 62, 210.—

In partic., of speech, to pour forth, utter:

per quam (arteriam) vox principium a mente ducens percipitur et funditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.:

e quibus elici vocem et fundi videmus,

id. Tusc. 2, 24, 56:

inanes sonos,

id. ib. 5, 26, 73 (for which:

inani voce sonare,

id. Fin. 2, 15, 48):

sonum,

id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

verba poëtarum more (opp. ratione et arte distinguere),

id. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

versus hexametros aliosque variis modis atque numeris ex tempore,

id. de Or. 3, 50, 194; cf.:

grave plenumque carmen,

id. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

tam bonos septenarios ad tibiam,

id. ib. 1, 44, 107:

physicorum oracula,

id. N. D. 1, 26, 66:

has ore loquelas,

Verg. A. 5, 842:

preces pectore ab imo,

id. ib. 6, 55; so,

preces,

id. ib. 5, 234; Hor. Epod. 17, 53:

mera mendacia,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 33:

jam tu verba fundis hic, sapientia?

you waste, Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 7:

opprobria rustica,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 146:

iras inanes,

Val. Fl. 3, 697:

vehemens et liquidus puroque simillimus amni Fundet opes,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121:

preces,

App. M. 11, p. 258, 4; Tac. A. 14, 30; Aug. in Psa. 25, 10 al.—Hence, fūsus, a, um, P. a., spread out, extended, broad, large, copious, diffuse.

Lit.:

(aër) tum fusus et extenuatus sublime fertur, tum autem concretus in nubes cogitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: fusior alvus, i. e. more relaxed (opp. astrictior), Cels. 1, 3 med.:

toga (opp. restricta),

wide, full, Suet. Aug. 73:

Gallorum fusa et candida corpora,

full, plump, Liv. 38, 21, 9:

campi in omnem partem,

extended, Verg. A. 6, 440; cf.:

non fusior ulli Terra fuit domino,

a broader, larger kingdom, Luc. 4, 670.—

Trop., copious, diffuse; flowing, free:

genus sermonis non liquidum, non fusum ac profluens,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159; cf.:

constricta an latius fusa narratio,

Quint. 2, 13, 5:

materia abundantior atque ultra quam oporteat fusa,

id. 2, 4, 7:

ut illud, quod ad omnem honestatem pertinet, decorum, quam late fusum sit, appareat,

Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 5:

(vox) in egressionibus fusa et securae claritatis (opp. contracta),

unrestrained, free, id. 11, 3, 64:

periodus,

id. 9, 4, 128:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 130:

lingua Graeca prolixior fusiorque quam nostra,

Gell. 2, 26, 7:

in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes,

Quint. 9, 4, 138:

plenior Aeschines et magis fusus,

id. 10, 1, 77:

dulcis et candidus et fusus Herodotus (opp. densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides),

id. 10, 1, 73.— Sup. seems not to occur.— Adv.: fūse.

(Acc. to A.) Spread out, extended:

(manus) fusius paulo in diversum resolvitur,

Quint. 11, 3, 97.—

(Acc. to B.) Copiously, at length, diffusely:

quae fuse olim disputabantur ac libere, ea nunc articulatim distincteque dicuntur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 36:

multa dicere fuse lateque,

id. Tusc. 4, 26, 57:

fuse lateque dicendi facultas,

id. Or. 32, 113:

fuse et copiose augere et ornate aliquid (opp. brevia et acuta),

id. Fin. 3, 7, 26.— Comp.:

haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius (opp. brevius angustiusque concluduntur),

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20:

fusius et ornatius rem exponere,

Quint. 4, 2, 128.— Sup. seems not to occur.

fundo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [fundus], to lay the bottom, keel, foundation of a thing, to found (syn.: condo, exstruo, etc.).

Lit. (perh. only poet.):

haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est,

i. e. is laid, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 44 (v. Ritschl ad h. l.);

dum mea puppis erat validā fundata carinā,

Ov. P. 4, 3, 5; id. H. 16, 111:

Erycino in vertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae,

is founded, Verg. A. 5, 759: sedes saxo vetusto. id. ib. 8, 478:

arces,

id. ib. 4, 260.—

Transf., in gen., to fasten, secure, make firm:

dente tenaci Ancora fundabat naves,

Verg. A. 6, 4:

(genus humanum) Et majoribus et solidis magis ossibus intus Fundatum,

Lucr. 5, 928; 4, 828.—

Trop., to found, establish, fix, confirm (class., esp. in part. perf.; cf.:

firmo, stabilio): illud vero maxime nostrum fundavit imperium et populi Romani nomen auxit, quod, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 13, 31; cf.:

quantis laboribus fundatum imperium,

id. Cat. 4, 9, 19:

qui (rei publicae status) bonorum omnium conjunctione et auctoritate consulatus mei fixus et fundatus videbatur,

id. Att. 1, 16, 6:

accurate non modo fundata verum etiam exstructa disciplina,

id. Fin. 4, 1, 1; cf.:

fundati a doctore,

thoroughly instructed, Lact. 6, 21, 4:

res publica praeclare fundata,

Cic. Par. 1, 2, 10; cf.:

qui legibus urbem Fundavit,

Verg. A. 6, 810:

in eorum agro sedes fundare Bastarnis,

Liv. 40, 57, 5:

libertatem, salutem, securitatem,

Plin. Pan. 8, 1:

jus civile,

Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 39:

vacuos Penates prole,

Stat. S. 4, 7, 30; cf.:

thalamos Tritonide nympha,

i. e. to marry, Sil. 2, 65:

partis et fundatis amicitiis,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 7, 25:

fundatae atque optime constitutae opes,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 1; cf.:

nitidis fundata pecunia villis,

well laid out, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 46:

nihil veritate fundatum,

Cic. Fl. 11, 26; cf. Lucr. 5, 161.— Hence, fundātus, a, um, P. a., firm, fixed, grounded, durable (very rare).

Lit.:

quo fundatior erit ex arenato directura, etc.,

Vitr. 7, 3 med.:

si permanetis in fide fundati,

Vulg. Col. 1, 23.—

Trop.: deflevi subitas fundatissimae familiae ruinas, Auct. Or. pro Domo, 36, 96.

imbŭo ( inb-), ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [in- and root biv-; cf. bibo, and Gr. pinô], to wet, moisten, dip, tinge, touch, etc. (class.; cf.: inficio, infusco).

Lit.:

liquoribus lanam,

Col. 9, 14, 15: tapetes, quos concha purpura imbuens venenavit, Cn. Matius ap. Gell. 20, 9, 3:

cados amurca,

Plin. 15, 8, 8, § 33:

guttura lacte,

Ov. Ib. 131:

imbuti sanguine gladii legionum vel madefacti potius,

wet, or rather dripping with blood, Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 6:

sanguis novus imbuit arma,

Verg. A. 7, 554:

sanguine manus,

Vell. 2, 20, 1:

vestis imbuta sanguine,

Ov. M. 9, 153:

munus tabo imbutum,

Hor. Epod. 5, 65:

tela imbuta veneno,

Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 77:

oscula, quae Venus Quinta parte sui nectaris imbuit,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 16:

odore imbuta Testa,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 69.—With Gr. acc.:

alium quae sunt inbuta colorem,

Lucr. 2, 734 Munro.—

Trop.

In gen., to fill, tinge, stain, taint, infect, imbue, imbrue with any thing (esp. freq. in part. perf.): morte manus, Att. ap. Non. 521, 8; cf.:

gladium scelere,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7, 20:

talibus promissis aures militum,

Curt. 4, 10, 17:

militum sanguine manus,

id. 3, 8, 5.—

In part. perf.:

aliqua humanitate imbuti,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4; cf.:

religione imbuti,

Cic. Div. 1, 42, 93:

imbutus admiratione,

Liv. 21, 39, 7:

legiones favore Othonis,

Tac. H. 2, 85:

miles longo Caesarum sacramento,

id. ib. 1, 5:

imbuti et infecti Romanis delenimentis,

Liv. 40, 11, 3:

imbutus alicujus consiliis,

id. 42, 26, 8:

hac ille crudelitate imbutus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 4:

superstitione,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 60:

sociale bellum macula sceleris imbutum,

id. Font. 14, 31:

colonorum caede imbutis armis,

Liv. 4, 31, 7:

imbutae caede manus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 714:

imbutae praeda manus,

Tac. A. 1, 36.—

In partic.

To inspire or impress early, to accustom, inure, initiate, instruct, imbue:

his ego de artibus gratiam facio, ne colas, ne inbuas eis tuom ingenium,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 17:

quibus ille studiis ab ineunte aetate se imbuerat,

Cic. Deiot. 10, 28; cf.:

animum tenerum opinionibus,

id. Att. 14, 13, B, 4:

variis erroribus,

id. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:

adulescentuli castrensibus stipendiis imbuebantur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 5:

liberaliter educatos servilibus vitiis imbuisse,

Liv. 26, 2, 11:

nemo est tam immanis, cujus mentem non imbuerit deorum opinio,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 30; cf.:

ea pietate omnium pectora imbuerat, ut, etc.,

Liv. 1, 21, 1:

inter novitatem successoris, quae noscendis prius quam agendis rebus inbuenda sit,

id. 41, 15, 8:

imbuendis sociis ad officia legum,

Tac. A. 12, 32:

nec quicquam prius imbuuntur quam contemnere deos,

id. H. 5, 5:

qui honestis sermonibus aures imperatoris imbuant,

id. ib. 4, 7; id. Or. 29; 31:

optume cum domito juvencus imbuitur,

is trained to labor, Plin. 8, 45, 70, § 180.—

To do any thing for the first time, explore, essay, set the example ( poet.):

illa rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten,

was the first to navigate, Cat. 64, 11:

terras vomere,

to plough first, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 52; Val. Fl. 1, 69:

phialam nectare,

to fill first, Mart. 8, 51, 17: bellum sanguine, to initiate, i. e. to begin, Verg. A. 7, 542; cf. ib. 554:

juvenem primo Hymenaeo (conjux),

Sil. 3, 65:

imbuis exemplum primae tu, Romule, palmae,

begin, set the example, Prop. 4 (5), 10, 5:

opus,

Ov. A. A. 1, 654.—

Esp. in part. perf., somewhat instructed, imbued, initiated, trained:

nos ita a majoribus instituti atque imbuti sumus, ut. etc.,

Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 20; cf.:

et doctrina liberaliter institutus et aliquo jam imbutus usu,

id. de Or. 2, 39, 162:

parentum praeceptis imbuti,

id. Off. 1, 32, 118: imbutus rudimentis militiae, Vell. 2, 129, 2; cf.:

imbutum jam a juventa certaminibus plebeiis,

Liv. 5, 2, 13:

cognitiones verborum, quibus imbuti sumus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 5, 16:

dialecticis imbutus,

id. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; cf.:

litteris saltem leviter imbutus,

Quint. 1, 2, 16:

quasi non perfectum litteris sed imbutum,

Suet. Gramm. 4:

(verna) Litterulis Graecis imbutus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 7:

ad quam (legem) non docti, sed facti, non instituti, sed imbuti sumus,

Cic. Mil. 4, 10;

so opp. instructus: elementis studiorum etsi non instructus, at certe imbutus,

Tac. Or. 19.— Poet.:

aurea pavonum ridenti imbuta lepore saecla,

endued, Lucr. 2, 502 Munro (dub.; v. Lachm. Lucr. 2, p. 102).

imbŭo ( inb-), ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [in- and root biv-; cf. bibo, and Gr. pinô], to wet, moisten, dip, tinge, touch, etc. (class.; cf.: inficio, infusco).

Lit.:

liquoribus lanam,

Col. 9, 14, 15: tapetes, quos concha purpura imbuens venenavit, Cn. Matius ap. Gell. 20, 9, 3:

cados amurca,

Plin. 15, 8, 8, § 33:

guttura lacte,

Ov. Ib. 131:

imbuti sanguine gladii legionum vel madefacti potius,

wet, or rather dripping with blood, Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 6:

sanguis novus imbuit arma,

Verg. A. 7, 554:

sanguine manus,

Vell. 2, 20, 1:

vestis imbuta sanguine,

Ov. M. 9, 153:

munus tabo imbutum,

Hor. Epod. 5, 65:

tela imbuta veneno,

Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 77:

oscula, quae Venus Quinta parte sui nectaris imbuit,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 16:

odore imbuta Testa,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 69.—With Gr. acc.:

alium quae sunt inbuta colorem,

Lucr. 2, 734 Munro.—

Trop.

In gen., to fill, tinge, stain, taint, infect, imbue, imbrue with any thing (esp. freq. in part. perf.): morte manus, Att. ap. Non. 521, 8; cf.:

gladium scelere,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7, 20:

talibus promissis aures militum,

Curt. 4, 10, 17:

militum sanguine manus,

id. 3, 8, 5.—

In part. perf.:

aliqua humanitate imbuti,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4; cf.:

religione imbuti,

Cic. Div. 1, 42, 93:

imbutus admiratione,

Liv. 21, 39, 7:

legiones favore Othonis,

Tac. H. 2, 85:

miles longo Caesarum sacramento,

id. ib. 1, 5:

imbuti et infecti Romanis delenimentis,

Liv. 40, 11, 3:

imbutus alicujus consiliis,

id. 42, 26, 8:

hac ille crudelitate imbutus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 4:

superstitione,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 60:

sociale bellum macula sceleris imbutum,

id. Font. 14, 31:

colonorum caede imbutis armis,

Liv. 4, 31, 7:

imbutae caede manus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 714:

imbutae praeda manus,

Tac. A. 1, 36.—

In partic.

To inspire or impress early, to accustom, inure, initiate, instruct, imbue:

his ego de artibus gratiam facio, ne colas, ne inbuas eis tuom ingenium,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 17:

quibus ille studiis ab ineunte aetate se imbuerat,

Cic. Deiot. 10, 28; cf.:

animum tenerum opinionibus,

id. Att. 14, 13, B, 4:

variis erroribus,

id. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:

adulescentuli castrensibus stipendiis imbuebantur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 5:

liberaliter educatos servilibus vitiis imbuisse,

Liv. 26, 2, 11:

nemo est tam immanis, cujus mentem non imbuerit deorum opinio,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 30; cf.:

ea pietate omnium pectora imbuerat, ut, etc.,

Liv. 1, 21, 1:

inter novitatem successoris, quae noscendis prius quam agendis rebus inbuenda sit,

id. 41, 15, 8:

imbuendis sociis ad officia legum,

Tac. A. 12, 32:

nec quicquam prius imbuuntur quam contemnere deos,

id. H. 5, 5:

qui honestis sermonibus aures imperatoris imbuant,

id. ib. 4, 7; id. Or. 29; 31:

optume cum domito juvencus imbuitur,

is trained to labor, Plin. 8, 45, 70, § 180.—

To do any thing for the first time, explore, essay, set the example ( poet.):

illa rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten,

was the first to navigate, Cat. 64, 11:

terras vomere,

to plough first, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 52; Val. Fl. 1, 69:

phialam nectare,

to fill first, Mart. 8, 51, 17: bellum sanguine, to initiate, i. e. to begin, Verg. A. 7, 542; cf. ib. 554:

juvenem primo Hymenaeo (conjux),

Sil. 3, 65:

imbuis exemplum primae tu, Romule, palmae,

begin, set the example, Prop. 4 (5), 10, 5:

opus,

Ov. A. A. 1, 654.—

Esp. in part. perf., somewhat instructed, imbued, initiated, trained:

nos ita a majoribus instituti atque imbuti sumus, ut. etc.,

Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 20; cf.:

et doctrina liberaliter institutus et aliquo jam imbutus usu,

id. de Or. 2, 39, 162:

parentum praeceptis imbuti,

id. Off. 1, 32, 118: imbutus rudimentis militiae, Vell. 2, 129, 2; cf.:

imbutum jam a juventa certaminibus plebeiis,

Liv. 5, 2, 13:

cognitiones verborum, quibus imbuti sumus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 5, 16:

dialecticis imbutus,

id. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; cf.:

litteris saltem leviter imbutus,

Quint. 1, 2, 16:

quasi non perfectum litteris sed imbutum,

Suet. Gramm. 4:

(verna) Litterulis Graecis imbutus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 7:

ad quam (legem) non docti, sed facti, non instituti, sed imbuti sumus,

Cic. Mil. 4, 10;

so opp. instructus: elementis studiorum etsi non instructus, at certe imbutus,

Tac. Or. 19.— Poet.:

aurea pavonum ridenti imbuta lepore saecla,

endued, Lucr. 2, 502 Munro (dub.; v. Lachm. Lucr. 2, p. 102).

mĕdĭtor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a. and n. [Sanscr. madh-a, wisdom; Gr. mathos, manthanô, mêdomai; cf.: medeor, re-med-ium, etc.]; act., to think or reflect upon, to muse over, consider, meditate upon; neutr., to think, reflect, muse, consider, meditate; to design, purpose, intend, etc.; constr. with acc., with ad, de, with dat., with inf., with a rel.-clause, or absol. (class.).

Lit.

With acc.:

semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

ea para, meditare, cogita, quae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 5, 2:

nihil aliud cogitare, meditari, curare nisi, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 22, 35:

forum, subsellia, rostra curiamque,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

fugam ad legiones,

Suet. Tib. 65:

cor tuum meditabitur timorem,

i. e. promote by meditation, Vulg. Isa. 33, 18.—

With ad; ne ad eam rem meditere, Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1:

ad hujus vitae studium meditati illi sunt qui feruntur labores tui,

id. Cat. 1, 10, 26.—

With de:

ut de tua ratione meditere,

Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4.—

With dat. (ante-class.):

nugis,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 107. —

With inf.:

jam designatus alio incessu esse meditabatur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

multos annos regnare meditatus magno labore,

id. Phil. 2, 45, 116:

cum animo meditaretur proficisci in Persas,

Nep. Ages. 4.—

With a rel.-clause:

ea nunc meditabor quo modo illi dicam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 42:

meditabor, quo modo cum illo loquar,

Cic. Att. 9, 17, 1:

quid contra dicerem, mecum ipse meditabor,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

meditare, quibus verbis incensam illius cupiditatem comprimas,

id. Pis. 25, 59.—

Absol.:

multis modis meditatus egomet mecum sum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 1:

egressus ad meditandum in agro,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 63. —

Transf., to meditate, study, exercise one's self in, practise a thing:

nugas est meditatus male,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 107:

Demosthenes perfecit meditando, ut nemo planius esse locutus putaretur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 260; cf.:

Demosthenes in litore meditans,

Quint. 10, 3, 30:

quid Crassus ageret meditandi aut discendi causā,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 136:

aut in foro dicere aut meditari extra forum,

id. Brut. 88, 302:

musam,

Verg. E. 1, 2:

arma,

Veg. Mil. 1, 20:

proelia,

Juv. 4, 112.— Transf., of animals:

cervi editos partus exercent cursu, et fugam meditari docent,

to practise flight, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 113.—Of things: semper cauda scorpionis in ictu est: nulloque momento meditari cessat, to move as in readiness to strike, i. e. to threaten, Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 87:

semina meditantur aristas,

Prud. Cath. 10, 132; also, to murmur, utter a sad cry:

clamabo, meditabor ut columba,

Vulg. Isa. 38, 14; 59, 11.—

In pass. signif. (in verb. fin. post-class. and very rare):

adulteria meditantur,

Min. Fel. Oct. 25, 1.—But freq. in part. perf.: mĕdĭtā-tus, a, um.

Exercised, practised, instructed (only Plautin.):

cumque huc ad adulescentem meditatum probe mittam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 88:

probe meditatam utramque duco,

id. Mil. 3, 3, 29:

murmura,

Juv. 6, 539.—

Thought upon, meditated, weighed, considered, studied:

meditati sunt doli docte,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 30:

ea, quae meditata et praeparata inferuntur,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

meditatum et cogitatum scelus,

id. Phil. 2, 34, 85:

meditatum cogitatumque verbum,

id. ib. 10, 2, 6:

accuratae et meditatae commentationes,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:

oratio,

Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 12:

doli,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 31: meditata et composita oratio (opp. extemporized), Suet. Aug. 84. — Subst.: mĕdĭtāta, ōrum, n., a carefully prepared speech:

sive meditata sive subita proferret,

Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 2.—Hence, adv.: mĕdĭtātē, thoughtfully, designedly, intentionally (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

ne tu illorum mores perquam meditate tenes,

knowest thoroughly, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 16:

hau male meditate male dicax es,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 26:

effundere probra,

Sen. Const. Sap. 11, 3.

mĕdĭtor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a. and n. [Sanscr. madh-a, wisdom; Gr. mathos, manthanô, mêdomai; cf.: medeor, re-med-ium, etc.]; act., to think or reflect upon, to muse over, consider, meditate upon; neutr., to think, reflect, muse, consider, meditate; to design, purpose, intend, etc.; constr. with acc., with ad, de, with dat., with inf., with a rel.-clause, or absol. (class.).

Lit.

With acc.:

semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

ea para, meditare, cogita, quae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 5, 2:

nihil aliud cogitare, meditari, curare nisi, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 22, 35:

forum, subsellia, rostra curiamque,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

fugam ad legiones,

Suet. Tib. 65:

cor tuum meditabitur timorem,

i. e. promote by meditation, Vulg. Isa. 33, 18.—

With ad; ne ad eam rem meditere, Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1:

ad hujus vitae studium meditati illi sunt qui feruntur labores tui,

id. Cat. 1, 10, 26.—

With de:

ut de tua ratione meditere,

Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4.—

With dat. (ante-class.):

nugis,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 107. —

With inf.:

jam designatus alio incessu esse meditabatur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13:

multos annos regnare meditatus magno labore,

id. Phil. 2, 45, 116:

cum animo meditaretur proficisci in Persas,

Nep. Ages. 4.—

With a rel.-clause:

ea nunc meditabor quo modo illi dicam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 42:

meditabor, quo modo cum illo loquar,

Cic. Att. 9, 17, 1:

quid contra dicerem, mecum ipse meditabor,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

meditare, quibus verbis incensam illius cupiditatem comprimas,

id. Pis. 25, 59.—

Absol.:

multis modis meditatus egomet mecum sum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 1:

egressus ad meditandum in agro,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 63. —

Transf., to meditate, study, exercise one's self in, practise a thing:

nugas est meditatus male,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 107:

Demosthenes perfecit meditando, ut nemo planius esse locutus putaretur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 260; cf.:

Demosthenes in litore meditans,

Quint. 10, 3, 30:

quid Crassus ageret meditandi aut discendi causā,

Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 136:

aut in foro dicere aut meditari extra forum,

id. Brut. 88, 302:

musam,

Verg. E. 1, 2:

arma,

Veg. Mil. 1, 20:

proelia,

Juv. 4, 112.— Transf., of animals:

cervi editos partus exercent cursu, et fugam meditari docent,

to practise flight, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 113.—Of things: semper cauda scorpionis in ictu est: nulloque momento meditari cessat, to move as in readiness to strike, i. e. to threaten, Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 87:

semina meditantur aristas,

Prud. Cath. 10, 132; also, to murmur, utter a sad cry:

clamabo, meditabor ut columba,

Vulg. Isa. 38, 14; 59, 11.—

In pass. signif. (in verb. fin. post-class. and very rare):

adulteria meditantur,

Min. Fel. Oct. 25, 1.—But freq. in part. perf.: mĕdĭtā-tus, a, um.

Exercised, practised, instructed (only Plautin.):

cumque huc ad adulescentem meditatum probe mittam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 88:

probe meditatam utramque duco,

id. Mil. 3, 3, 29:

murmura,

Juv. 6, 539.—

Thought upon, meditated, weighed, considered, studied:

meditati sunt doli docte,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 30:

ea, quae meditata et praeparata inferuntur,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27:

meditatum et cogitatum scelus,

id. Phil. 2, 34, 85:

meditatum cogitatumque verbum,

id. ib. 10, 2, 6:

accuratae et meditatae commentationes,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:

oratio,

Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 12:

doli,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 31: meditata et composita oratio (opp. extemporized), Suet. Aug. 84. — Subst.: mĕdĭtāta, ōrum, n., a carefully prepared speech:

sive meditata sive subita proferret,

Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 2.—Hence, adv.: mĕdĭtātē, thoughtfully, designedly, intentionally (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

ne tu illorum mores perquam meditate tenes,

knowest thoroughly, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 16:

hau male meditate male dicax es,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 26:

effundere probra,

Sen. Const. Sap. 11, 3.